dbatools (PowerShell Module) 0.9.702

### DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE DIRECTLY ###
function Export-DbatoolsConfig
{
<#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports configuration items to a Json file.
    
    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports configuration items to a Json file.
    
    .PARAMETER FullName
        Select the configuration objects to export by filtering by their full name.
    
    .PARAMETER Module
        Select the configuration objects to export by filtering by their module name.
    
    .PARAMETER Name
        Select the configuration objects to export by filtering by their name.
    
    .PARAMETER Config
        The configuration object(s) to export.
        Returned by Get-DbatoolsConfig.
    
    .PARAMETER ModuleName
        Exports all configuration pertinent to a module to a predefined path.
        Exported configuration items include all settings marked as 'ModuleExport' that have been changed from the default value.
    
    .PARAMETER ModuleVersion
        The configuration version of the module-settings to write.
    
    .PARAMETER Scope
        Which predefined path to write module specific settings to.
        Only file scopes are considered.
        By default it writes to the suer profile.
    
    .PARAMETER OutPath
        The path (filename included) to export to.
        Will fail if the folder does not exist, will overwrite the file if it exists.
    
    .PARAMETER SkipUnchanged
        If set, configuration objects whose value was not changed from its original value will not be exported.
        (Note: Settings that were updated with the same value as the original default will still be considered changed)
    
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        This parameters disables user-friendly warnings and enables the throwing of exceptions.
        This is less user friendly, but allows catching exceptions in calling scripts.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbatoolsConfig | Export-DbatoolsConfig -OutPath '~/export.json'
        
        Exports all current settings to json.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        Export-DbatoolsConfig -Module message -OutPath '~/export.json' -SkipUnchanged
        
        Exports all settings of the module 'message' that are no longer the original default values to json.
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'FullName')]
    Param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "FullName", Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $FullName,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Module", Position = 0, Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $Module,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Module", Position = 1)]
        [string]
        $Name = "*",
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Config", Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config[]]
        $Config,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ModuleName", Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $ModuleName,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ModuleName")]
        [int]
        $ModuleVersion = 1,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ModuleName")]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigScope]
        $Scope = "FileUserShared",
        
        [Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'Config')]
        [Parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'FullName')]
        [Parameter(Position = 2, Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'Module')]
        [string]
        $OutPath,
        
        [switch]
        $SkipUnchanged,
        
        [switch]
        $EnableException
    )
    
    begin
    {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")" -Tag 'debug', 'start', 'param'
        
        $items = @()
        
        if (($Scope -band 15) -and ($ModuleName))
        {
            Stop-Function -Message "Cannot export modulecache to registry! Please pick a file scope for your export destination" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidArgument -Tag 'fail', 'scope', 'registry'
            return
        }
    }
    process
    {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        
        if (-not $ModuleName)
        {
            foreach ($item in $Config) { $items += $item }
            if ($FullName) { $items = Get-DbatoolsConfig -FullName $FullName }
            if ($Module) { $items = Get-DbatoolsConfig -Module $Module -Name $Name }
        }
    }
    end
    {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        
        if (-not $ModuleName)
        {
            try { Write-DbatoolsConfigFile -Config ($items | Where-Object { -not $SkipUnchanged -or -not $_.Unchanged } ) -Path $OutPath -Replace }
            catch
            {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to export to file" -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_ -Tag 'fail', 'export'
                return
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if ($Scope -band 16)
            {
                Write-DbatoolsConfigFile -Config (Get-DbatoolsConfig -Module $ModuleName -Force | Where-Object ModuleExport | Where-Object Unchanged -NE $true) -Path (Join-Path $script:path_FileUserLocal "$($ModuleName.ToLower())-$($ModuleVersion).json")
            }
            if ($Scope -band 32)
            {
                Write-DbatoolsConfigFile -Config (Get-DbatoolsConfig -Module $ModuleName -Force | Where-Object ModuleExport | Where-Object Unchanged -NE $true)  -Path (Join-Path $script:path_FileUserShared "$($ModuleName.ToLower())-$($ModuleVersion).json")
            }
            if ($Scope -band 64)
            {
                Write-DbatoolsConfigFile -Config (Get-DbatoolsConfig -Module $ModuleName -Force | Where-Object ModuleExport | Where-Object Unchanged -NE $true)  -Path (Join-Path $script:path_FileSystem "$($ModuleName.ToLower())-$($ModuleVersion).json")
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbatoolsConfig {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Retrieves configuration elements by name.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Retrieves configuration elements by name.
        Can be used to search the existing configuration list.

    .PARAMETER FullName
        Default: "*"
        Search for configurations using the full name

    .PARAMETER Name
        Default: "*"
        The name of the configuration element(s) to retrieve.
        May be any string, supports wildcards.

    .PARAMETER Module
        Default: "*"
        Search configuration by module.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Overrides the default behavior and also displays hidden configuration values.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Config, Module
        Author: Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbatoolsConfig 'Mail.To'

        Retrieves the configuration element for the key "Mail.To"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbatoolsConfig -Force

        Retrieve all configuration elements from all modules, even hidden ones.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "FullName")]
    param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "FullName", Position = 0)]
        [string]$FullName = "*",
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Module", Position = 1)]
        [string]$Name = "*",
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Module", Position = 0)]
        [string]$Module = "*",
        [switch]$Force
    )

    switch ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {
        "Module" {
            $Name = $Name.ToLower()
            $Module = $Module.ToLower()

            [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations.Values | Where-Object { ($_.Name -like $Name) -and ($_.Module -like $Module) -and ((-not $_.Hidden) -or ($Force)) } | Sort-Object Module, Name
        }

        "FullName" {
            [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations.Values | Where-Object { ("$($_.Module).$($_.Name)" -like $FullName) -and ((-not $_.Hidden) -or ($Force)) } | Sort-Object Module, Name
        }
    }
    Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaConfig
}
function Get-DbatoolsConfigValue {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns the configuration value stored under the specified name.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns the configuration value stored under the specified name.
        It requires the full name (<Module>.<Name>) and is usually only called by functions.

    .PARAMETER FullName
        The full name (<Module>.<Name>) of the configured value to return.

    .PARAMETER Fallback
        A fallback value to use, if no value was registered to a specific configuration element.
        This basically is a default value that only applies on a "per call" basis, rather than a system-wide default.

    .PARAMETER NotNull
        By default, this function returns null if one tries to retrieve the value from either a Configuration that does not exist or a Configuration whose value was set to null.
        However, sometimes it may be important that some value was returned.
        By specifying this parameter, the function will throw an error if no value was found at all.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Config, Module
        Author: Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -Name 'System.MailServer'

        Returns the configured value that was assigned to the key 'System.MailServer'

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -Name 'Default.CoffeeMilk' -Fallback 0

        Returns the configured value for 'Default.CoffeeMilk'. If no such value is configured, it returns '0' instead.

    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSPossibleIncorrectComparisonWithNull", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias('Name')]
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$FullName,
        [object]$Fallback,
        [switch]$NotNull
    )
    Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaConfigValue
    $FullName = $FullName.ToLower()

    $temp = $null
    $temp = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$FullName].Value
    if ($temp -eq $null) { $temp = $Fallback }

    if ($NotNull -and ($temp -eq $null)) {
        Stop-Function -Message "No Configuration Value available for $Name" -EnableException $true -Category InvalidData -Target $FullName
    } else {
        return $temp
    }
}
function Import-DbatoolsConfig
{
<#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Imports a json configuration file into the configuration system.
    
    .DESCRIPTION
        Imports a json configuration file into the configuration system.
    
    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the json file to import.
    
    .PARAMETER ModuleName
        Import configuration items specific to a module from the default configuration paths.
    
    .PARAMETER ModuleVersion
        The configuration version of the module-settings to load.
    
    .PARAMETER Scope
        Where to import the module specific configuration items form.
        Only file-based scopes are supported for this.
        By default, all locations are queried, with user settings beating system settings.
    
    .PARAMETER IncludeFilter
        If specified, only elements with names that are similar (-like) to names in this list will be imported.
    
    .PARAMETER ExcludeFilter
        Elements that are similar (-like) to names in this list will not be imported.
    
    .PARAMETER Peek
        Rather than applying the setting, return the configuration items that would have been applied.
    
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        This parameters disables user-friendly warnings and enables the throwing of exceptions.
        This is less user friendly, but allows catching exceptions in calling scripts.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbatoolsConfig -Path '.\config.json'
        
        Imports the configuration stored in '.\config.json'
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbatoolsConfig -ModuleName message
    
        Imports all the module specific settings that have been persisted in any of the default file system paths.
#>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingEmptyCatchBlock", "")]
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Path")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, ParameterSetName = "Path")]
        [string[]]
        $Path,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ModuleName", Mandatory = $true)]
        [string]
        $ModuleName,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ModuleName")]
        [int]
        $ModuleVersion = 1,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ModuleName")]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigScope]
        $Scope = "FileUserLocal, FileUserShared, FileSystem",
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Path")]
        [string[]]
        $IncludeFilter,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Path")]
        [string[]]
        $ExcludeFilter,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Path")]
        [switch]
        $Peek,
        
        [switch]
        $EnableException
    )
    
    begin
    {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")" -Tag 'debug','start','param'
    }
    process
    {
        #region Explicit Path
        foreach ($item in $Path)
        {
            try
            {
                if ($item -like "http*") { $data = Read-DbatoolsConfigFile -Weblink $item -ErrorAction Stop }
                else
                {
                    $pathItem = $null
                    try { $pathItem = Resolve-DbaPath -Path $item -SingleItem -Provider FileSystem }
                    catch { }
                    if ($pathItem) { $data = Read-DbatoolsConfigFile -Path $pathItem -ErrorAction Stop }
                    else { $data = Read-DbatoolsConfigFile -RawJson $item -ErrorAction Stop }
                }
            }
            catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to import $item" -EnableException $EnableException -Tag 'fail', 'import' -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -Target $item }
            
            :element foreach ($element in $data)
            {
                #region Exclude Filter
                foreach ($exclusion in $ExcludeFilter)
                {
                    if ($element.FullName -like $exclusion)
                    {
                        continue element
                    }
                }
                #endregion Exclude Filter
                
                #region Include Filter
                if ($IncludeFilter)
                {
                    $isIncluded = $false
                    foreach ($inclusion in $IncludeFilter)
                    {
                        if ($element.FullName -like $inclusion)
                        {
                            $isIncluded = $true
                            break
                        }
                    }
                    
                    if (-not $isIncluded) { continue }
                }
                #endregion Include Filter
                
                if ($Peek) { $element }
                else
                {
                    try
                    {
                        if (-not $element.KeepPersisted) { Set-DbatoolsConfig -FullName $element.FullName -Value $element.Value -EnableException }
                        else { Set-DbatoolsConfig -FullName $element.FullName -PersistedValue $element.Value -PersistedType $element.Type }
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to set '$($element.FullName)'" -ErrorRecord $_ -EnableException $EnableException -Tag 'fail', 'import' -Continue -Target $item
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion Explicit Path
        
        if ($ModuleName)
        {
            $data = Read-DbatoolsConfigPersisted -Module $ModuleName -Scope $Scope -ModuleVersion $ModuleVersion
            
            foreach ($value in $data.Values)
            {
                if (-not $value.KeepPersisted) { Set-DbatoolsConfig -FullName $value.FullName -Value $value.Value -EnableException:$EnableException}
                else { Set-DbatoolsConfig -FullName $value.FullName -Value ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::ConvertFromPersistedValue($value.Value, $value.Type)) -EnableException:$EnableException }
            }
        }
    }
    end
    {
    
    }
}
function Register-DbatoolsConfig
{
<#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Registers an existing configuration object in registry.
    
    .DESCRIPTION
        Registers an existing configuration object in registry.
        This allows simple persisting of settings across powershell consoles.
        It also can be used to generate a registry template, which can then be used to create policies.
    
    .PARAMETER Config
        The configuration object to write to registry.
        Can be retrieved using Get-DbatoolsConfig.
    
    .PARAMETER FullName
        The full name of the setting to be written to registry.
    
    .PARAMETER Module
        The name of the module, whose settings should be written to registry.
    
    .PARAMETER Name
        Default: "*"
        Used in conjunction with the -Module parameter to restrict the number of configuration items written to registry.
    
    .PARAMETER Scope
        Default: UserDefault
        Who will be affected by this export how? Current user or all? Default setting or enforced?
        Legal values: UserDefault, UserMandatory, SystemDefault, SystemMandatory
    
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        This parameters disables user-friendly warnings and enables the throwing of exceptions.
        This is less user friendly, but allows catching exceptions in calling scripts.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbatoolsConfig message.style.* | Register-DbatoolsConfig
    
        Retrieves all configuration items that that start with message.style. and registers them in registry for the current user.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Register-DbatoolsConfig -FullName "message.consoleoutput.disable" -Scope SystemDefault
    
        Retrieves the configuration item "message.consoleoutput.disable" and registers it in registry as the default setting for all users on this machine.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Register-DbatoolsConfig -Module Message -Scope SystemMandatory
    
        Retrieves all configuration items of the module Message, then registers them in registry to enforce them for all users on the current system.
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    Param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Default", Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config[]]
        $Config,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Default", Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [string[]]
        $FullName,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = "Name", Position = 0)]
        [string]
        $Module,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Name", Position = 1)]
        [string]
        $Name = "*",
        
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigScope]
        $Scope = "UserDefault",
        
        [switch]
        $EnableException
    )
    
    begin
    {
        if ($script:NoRegistry -and ($Scope -band 14))
        {
            Stop-Function -Message "Cannot register configurations on non-windows machines to registry. Please specify a file-based scope" -Tag 'NotSupported' -Category NotImplemented
            return
        }
        
        # Linux and MAC default to local user store file
        if ($script:NoRegistry -and ($Scope -eq "UserDefault"))
        {
            $Scope = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigScope]::FileUserLocal
        }
        # Linux and MAC get redirection for SystemDefault to FileSystem
        if ($script:NoRegistry -and ($Scope -eq "SystemDefault"))
        {
            $Scope = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigScope]::FileSystem
        }
        
        $parSet = $PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName
        
        function Write-Config
        {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config]
                $Config,
                
                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigScope]
                $Scope,
                
                [bool]
                $EnableException,
                
                [string]
                $FunctionName = (Get-PSCallStack)[0].Command
            )
            
            if (-not $Config -or ($Config.RegistryData -eq "<type not supported>"))
            {
                Stop-Function -Message "Invalid Input, cannot export $($Config.FullName), type not supported" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidArgument -Tag "config", "fail" -Target $Config -FunctionName $FunctionName
                return
            }
            
            try
            {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Registering $($Config.FullName) for $Scope" -Tag "Config" -Target $Config -FunctionName $FunctionName
                #region User Default
                if (1 -band $Scope)
                {
                    Ensure-RegistryPath -Path $script:path_RegistryUserDefault -ErrorAction Stop
                    Set-ItemProperty -Path $script:path_RegistryUserDefault -Name $Config.FullName -Value $Config.RegistryData -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                #endregion User Default
                
                #region User Mandatory
                if (2 -band $Scope)
                {
                    Ensure-RegistryPath -Path $script:path_RegistryUserEnforced -ErrorAction Stop
                    Set-ItemProperty -Path $script:path_RegistryUserEnforced -Name $Config.FullName -Value $Config.RegistryData -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                #endregion User Mandatory
                
                #region System Default
                if (4 -band $Scope)
                {
                    Ensure-RegistryPath -Path $script:path_RegistryMachineDefault -ErrorAction Stop
                    Set-ItemProperty -Path $script:path_RegistryMachineDefault -Name $Config.FullName -Value $Config.RegistryData -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                #endregion System Default
                
                #region System Mandatory
                if (8 -band $Scope)
                {
                    Ensure-RegistryPath -Path $script:path_RegistryMachineEnforced -ErrorAction Stop
                    Set-ItemProperty -Path $script:path_RegistryMachineEnforced -Name $Config.FullName -Value $Config.RegistryData -ErrorAction Stop
                }
                #endregion System Mandatory
            }
            catch
            {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to export $($Config.FullName), to scope $Scope" -EnableException $EnableException -Tag "config", "fail" -Target $Config -ErrorRecord $_ -FunctionName $FunctionName
                return
            }
        }
        
        function Ensure-RegistryPath
        {
            [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseApprovedVerbs", "")]
            [CmdletBinding()]
            Param (
                [string]
                $Path
            )
            
            if (-not (Test-Path $Path))
            {
                $null = New-Item $Path -Force
            }
        }
        
        # For file based persistence
        $configurationItems = @()
    }
    process
    {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        
        #region Registry Based
        if ($Scope -band 15)
        {
            switch ($parSet)
            {
                "Default"
                {
                    foreach ($item in $Config)
                    {
                        Write-Config -Config $item -Scope $Scope -EnableException $EnableException
                    }
                    
                    foreach ($item in $FullName)
                    {
                        if ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations.ContainsKey($item.ToLower()))
                        {
                            Write-Config -Config ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$item.ToLower()]) -Scope $Scope -EnableException $EnableException
                        }
                    }
                }
                "Name"
                {
                    foreach ($item in ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations.Values | Where-Object Module -EQ $Module | Where-Object Name -Like $Name))
                    {
                        Write-Config -Config $item -Scope $Scope -EnableException $EnableException
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion Registry Based
        
        #region File Based
        else
        {
            switch ($parSet)
            {
                "Default"
                {
                    foreach ($item in $Config)
                    {
                        if ($configurationItems.FullName -notcontains $item.FullName) { $configurationItems += $item }
                    }
                    
                    foreach ($item in $FullName)
                    {
                        if (($configurationItems.FullName -notcontains $item) -and ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations.ContainsKey($item.ToLower())))
                        {
                            $configurationItems += [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations[$item.ToLower()]
                        }
                    }
                }
                "Name"
                {
                    foreach ($item in ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Configurations.Values | Where-Object Module -EQ $Module | Where-Object Name -Like $Name))
                    {
                        if ($configurationItems.FullName -notcontains $item.FullName) { $configurationItems += $item }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion File Based
    }
    end
    {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        
        #region Finish File Based Persistence
        if ($Scope -band 16)
        {
            Write-DbatoolsConfigFile -Config $configurationItems -Path (Join-Path $script:path_FileUserLocal "psf_config.json")
        }
        if ($Scope -band 32)
        {
            Write-DbatoolsConfigFile -Config $configurationItems -Path (Join-Path $script:path_FileUserShared "psf_config.json")
        }
        if ($Scope -band 64)
        {
            Write-DbatoolsConfigFile -Config $configurationItems -Path (Join-Path $script:path_FileSystem "psf_config.json")
        }
        #endregion Finish File Based Persistence
    }
}
function Reset-DbatoolsConfig
{
<#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Reverts a configuration item to its default value.
    
    .DESCRIPTION
        This command can be used to revert a configuration item to the value it was initialized with.
        Generally, this amounts to reverting it to its default value.
        
        In order for a reset to be possible, two conditions must be met:
        - The setting must have been initialized.
        - The setting cannot have been enforced by policy.
    
    .PARAMETER ConfigurationItem
        A configuration object as returned by Get-DbatoolsConfig.
    
    .PARAMETER FullName
        The full name of the setting to reset, offering the maximum of precision.
    
    .PARAMETER Module
        The name of the module, from which configurations should be reset.
        Used in conjunction with the -Name parameter to filter a specific set of items.
    
    .PARAMETER Name
        Used in conjunction with the -Module parameter to select which settings to reset using wildcard comparison.
    
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        This parameters disables user-friendly warnings and enables the throwing of exceptions.
        This is less user friendly, but allows catching exceptions in calling scripts.
    
    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.
    
    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Reset-DbatoolsConfig -Module MyModule
    
        Resets all configuration items of the MyModule to default.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbatoolsConfig | Reset-DbatoolsConfig
    
        Resets ALL configuration items to default.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Reset-DbatoolsConfig -FullName MyModule.Group.Setting1
    
        Resets the configuration item named 'MyModule.Group.Setting1'.
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Pipeline')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, ParameterSetName = 'Pipeline')]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config[]]
        $ConfigurationItem,
        
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, ParameterSetName = 'Pipeline')]
        [string[]]
        $FullName,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'Module')]
        [string]
        $Module,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Module')]
        [string]
        $Name = "*",
        
        [switch]
        $EnableException
    )
    
    process
    {
        #region By configuration Item
        foreach ($item in $ConfigurationItem)
        {
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($item.FullName, 'Reset to default value'))
            {
                try { $item.ResetValue() }
                catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to reset the configuration item." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -EnableException $EnableException }
            }
        }
        #endregion By configuration Item
        
        #region By FullName
        foreach ($nameItem in $FullName)
        {
            # The configuration items themselves can be cast to string, so they need to be filtered out,
            # otherwise on bind they would execute for this code-path as well.
            if ($nameItem -ceq "Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config") { continue }
            
            foreach ($item in (Get-DbatoolsConfig -FullName $nameItem))
            {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($item.FullName, 'Reset to default value'))
                {
                    try { $item.ResetValue() }
                    catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to reset the configuration item." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -EnableException $EnableException }
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion By FullName
        if ($Module)
        {
            foreach ($item in (Get-DbatoolsConfig -Module $Module -Name $Name))
            {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($item.FullName, 'Reset to default value'))
                {
                    try { $item.ResetValue() }
                    catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to reset the configuration item." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -EnableException $EnableException }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Unregister-DbatoolsConfig
{
<#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes registered configuration settings.
    
    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes registered configuration settings.
        This function can be used to remove settings that have been persisted for either user or computer.
    
        Note: This command has no effect on configuration setings currently in memory.
    
    .PARAMETER ConfigurationItem
        A configuration object as returned by Get-DbatoolsConfig.
    
    .PARAMETER FullName
        The full name of the configuration setting to purge.
    
    .PARAMETER Module
        The module, amongst which settings should be unregistered.
    
    .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the setting to unregister.
        For use together with the module parameter, to limit the amount of settings that are unregistered.
    
    .PARAMETER Scope
        Settings can be set to either default or enforced, for user or the entire computer.
        By default, only DefaultSettings for the user are unregistered.
        Use this parameter to choose the actual scope for the command to process.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbatoolsConfig | Unregister-DbatoolsConfig
    
        Completely removes all registered configurations currently loaded in memory.
        In most cases, this will mean removing all registered configurations.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Unregister-DbatoolsConfig -Scope SystemDefault -FullName 'MyModule.Path.DefaultExport'
    
        Unregisters the setting 'MyModule.Path.DefaultExport' from the list of computer-wide defaults.
        Note: Changing system wide settings requires running the console with elevation.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Unregister-DbatoolsConfig -Module MyModule
    
        Unregisters all configuration settings for the module MyModule.
#>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Pipeline')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, ParameterSetName = 'Pipeline')]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config[]]
        $ConfigurationItem,
        
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, ParameterSetName = 'Pipeline')]
        [string[]]
        $FullName,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'Module')]
        [string]
        $Module,
        
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Module')]
        [string]
        $Name = "*",
        
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigScope]
        $Scope = "UserDefault"
    )
    
    begin
    {
        if (($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -ge 6) -and ($PSVersionTable.OS -notlike "*Windows*") -and ($Scope -band 15))
        {
            Stop-Function -Message "Cannot unregister configurations from registry on non-windows machines." -Tag 'NotSupported' -Category ResourceUnavailable
            return
        }
        
        #region Initialize Collection
        $registryProperties = @()
        if ($Scope -band 1)
        {
            if (Test-Path $script:path_RegistryUserDefault) { $registryProperties += Get-ItemProperty -Path $script:path_RegistryUserDefault }
        }
        if ($Scope -band 2)
        {
            if (Test-Path $script:path_RegistryUserEnforced) { $registryProperties += Get-ItemProperty -Path $script:path_RegistryUserEnforced }
        }
        if ($Scope -band 4)
        {
            if (Test-Path $script:path_RegistryMachineDefault) { $registryProperties += Get-ItemProperty -Path $script:path_RegistryMachineDefault }
        }
        if ($Scope -band 8)
        {
            if (Test-Path $script:path_RegistryMachineEnforced) { $registryProperties += Get-ItemProperty -Path $script:path_RegistryMachineEnforced }
        }
        $pathProperties = @()
        if ($Scope -band 16)
        {
            $fileUserLocalSettings = @()
            if (Test-Path (Join-Path $script:path_FileUserLocal "psf_config.json")) { $fileUserLocalSettings = Get-Content (Join-Path $script:path_FileUserLocal "psf_config.json") -Encoding UTF8 | ConvertFrom-Json }
            if ($fileUserLocalSettings)
            {
                $pathProperties += [pscustomobject]@{
                    Path       = (Join-Path $script:path_FileUserLocal "psf_config.json")
                    Properties = $fileUserLocalSettings
                    Changed    = $false
                }
            }
        }
        if ($Scope -band 32)
        {
            $fileUserSharedSettings = @()
            if (Test-Path (Join-Path $script:path_FileUserShared "psf_config.json")) { $fileUserSharedSettings = Get-Content (Join-Path $script:path_FileUserShared "psf_config.json") -Encoding UTF8 | ConvertFrom-Json }
            if ($fileUserSharedSettings)
            {
                $pathProperties += [pscustomobject]@{
                    Path       = (Join-Path $script:path_FileUserShared "psf_config.json")
                    Properties = $fileUserSharedSettings
                    Changed    = $false
                }
            }
        }
        if ($Scope -band 64)
        {
            $fileSystemSettings = @()
            if (Test-Path (Join-Path $script:path_FileSystem "psf_config.json")) { $fileSystemSettings = Get-Content (Join-Path $script:path_FileSystem "psf_config.json") -Encoding UTF8 | ConvertFrom-Json }
            if ($fileSystemSettings)
            {
                $pathProperties += [pscustomobject]@{
                    Path       = (Join-Path $script:path_FileSystem "psf_config.json")
                    Properties = $fileSystemSettings
                    Changed    = $false
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion Initialize Collection
        
        $common = 'PSPath', 'PSParentPath', 'PSChildName', 'PSDrive', 'PSProvider'
    }
    process
    {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        # Silently skip since no action necessary
        if (-not ($pathProperties -or $registryProperties)) { return }
        
        foreach ($item in $ConfigurationItem)
        {
            # Registry
            foreach ($hive in ($registryProperties | Where-Object { $_.PSObject.Properties.Name -eq $item.FullName }))
            {
                Remove-ItemProperty -Path $hive.PSPath -Name $item.FullName
            }
            # Prepare file
            foreach ($fileConfig in ($pathProperties | Where-Object { $_.Properties.FullName -contains $item.FullName }))
            {
                $fileConfig.Properties = $fileConfig.Properties | Where-Object FullName -NE $item.FullName
                $fileConfig.Changed = $true
            }
        }
        
        foreach ($item in $FullName)
        {
            # Ignore string-casted configurations
            if ($item -ceq "Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config") { continue }
            
            # Registry
            foreach ($hive in ($registryProperties | Where-Object { $_.PSObject.Properties.Name -eq $item }))
            {
                Remove-ItemProperty -Path $hive.PSPath -Name $item
            }
            # Prepare file
            foreach ($fileConfig in ($pathProperties | Where-Object { $_.Properties.FullName -contains $item }))
            {
                $fileConfig.Properties = $fileConfig.Properties | Where-Object FullName -NE $item
                $fileConfig.Changed = $true
            }
        }
        
        if ($Module)
        {
            $compoundName = "{0}.{1}" -f $Module, $Name
            
            # Registry
            foreach ($hive in ($registryProperties | Where-Object { $_.PSObject.Properties.Name -like $compoundName }))
            {
                foreach ($propName in $hive.PSObject.Properties.Name)
                {
                    if ($propName -in $common) { continue }
                    
                    if ($propName -like $compoundName)
                    {
                        Remove-ItemProperty -Path $hive.PSPath -Name $propName
                    }
                }
            }
            # Prepare file
            foreach ($fileConfig in ($pathProperties | Where-Object { $_.Properties.FullName -like $compoundName }))
            {
                $fileConfig.Properties = $fileConfig.Properties | Where-Object FullName -NotLike $compoundName
                $fileConfig.Changed = $true
            }
        }
    }
    end
    {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        
        foreach ($fileConfig in $pathProperties)
        {
            if (-not $fileConfig.Changed) { continue }
            
            if ($fileConfig.Properties)
            {
                $fileConfig.Properties | ConvertTo-Json | Set-Content -Path $fileConfig.Path -Encoding UTF8
            }
            else
            {
                Remove-Item $fileConfig.Path
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Add-DbaAgDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Adds a database to an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Adds a database to an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

        Before joining the replica databases to the availablity group, the databases will be initialized with automatic seeding or full/log backup.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

        This should be the primary replica.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database or databases to add.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        The availability group where the databases will be added.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaDatabase, Get-DbaDbSharePoint and more.

    .PARAMETER SeedingMode
        Specifies how the secondary replica will be initially seeded.

        Automatic enables direct seeding. This method will seed the secondary replica over the network. This method does not require you to backup and restore a copy of the primary database on the replica.

        Manual requires you to create a backup of the database on the primary replica and manually restore that backup on the secondary replica.

        If not specified, the setting from the availability group replica will be used. Otherwise the setting will be updated.

    .PARAMETER SharedPath
        The network share where the backups will be backed up and restored from.

        Each SQL Server service account must have access to this share.

        NOTE: If a backup / restore is performed, the backups will be left in tact on the network share.

    .PARAMETER UseLastBackup
        Use the last full backup of database.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Add-DbaAgDatabase

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Add-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance sql2017a -AvailabilityGroup ag1 -Database db1, db2 -Confirm

        Adds db1 and db2 to ag1 on sql2017a. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2017a | Out-GridView -Passthru | Add-DbaAgDatabase -AvailabilityGroup ag1

        Adds selected databases from sql2017a to ag1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSharePoint -SqlInstance sqlcluster | Add-DbaAgDatabase -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint

        Adds SharePoint databases as found in SharePoint_Config on sqlcluster to ag1 on sqlcluster

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSharePoint -SqlInstance sqlcluster -ConfigDatabase SharePoint_Config_2019 | Add-DbaAgDatabase -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint

        Adds SharePoint databases as found in SharePoint_Config_2019 on sqlcluster to ag1 on sqlcluster
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [ValidateSet('Automatic', 'Manual')]
        [string]$SeedingMode,
        [string]$SharedPath,
        [switch]$UseLastBackup,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance)) {
            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database) -or (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName AvailabilityGroup)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify one or more databases and one Availability Group when using the SqlInstance parameter."
                return
            }
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            $allbackups = @{
            }

            $Primary = $db.Parent
            # check primary, should be run against primary
            $ag = Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $db.Parent -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup

            if ($ag.AvailabilityDatabases.Name -contains $db.Name) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$($db.Name) is already joined to $($ag.Name)" -Continue
            }

            $secondaryReplicas = $ag.AvailabilityReplicas | Where-Object Role -eq Secondary | Select-Object -Unique -ExpandProperty Name

            if ($SeedingMode -eq "Automatic") {
                # first check
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Primary, "Backing up $db to NUL")) {
                    $null = Backup-DbaDatabase -BackupFileName NUL -SqlInstance $Primary -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $db
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($ag.Parent.Name, "Adding availability group $db to $($db.Parent.Name)")) {
                try {
                    $agdb = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityDatabase($ag, $db.Name)
                    # something is up with .net create(), force a stop
                    Invoke-Create -Object $agdb
                    Get-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance $ag.Parent -Database $db.Name
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            foreach ($replica in $secondaryReplicas) {

                $agreplica = Get-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance $Primary -AvailabilityGroup $ag.name -Replica $replica

                if ($SeedingMode) {
                    $agreplica.SeedingMode = $SeedingMode
                    $agreplica.alter()
                }
                $agreplica.refresh()
                $SeedingModeReplica = $agreplica.SeedingMode

                $primarydb = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $Primary -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $db.name

                if ($SeedingModeReplica -ne 'Automatic') {
                    try {
                        if (-not $allbackups[$db]) {
                            if ($UseLastBackup) {
                                $allbackups[$db] = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $primarydb.Parent -Database $primarydb.Name -IncludeCopyOnly -Last -EnableException
                            } else {
                                $fullbackup = $primarydb | Backup-DbaDatabase -BackupDirectory $SharedPath -Type Full -EnableException
                                $logbackup = $primarydb | Backup-DbaDatabase -BackupDirectory $SharedPath -Type Log -EnableException
                                $allbackups[$db] = $fullbackup, $logbackup
                            }
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backups still exist on $SharedPath"
                        }
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$Secondary", "restoring full and log backups of $primarydb from $Primary")) {
                            # keep going to ensure output is shown even if dbs aren't added well.
                            $null = $allbackups[$db] | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $replica -WithReplace -NoRecovery -TrustDbBackupHistory -EnableException
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }

                $replicadb = Get-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance $replica -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $db.Name -AvailabilityGroup $ag.Name   #credential of secondary !!

                if ($replicadb -and -not ($SeedingModeReplica -eq 'Automatic')) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($ag.Parent.Name, "Joining availability group $db to $($db.Parent.Name)")) {
                        $timeout = 1
                        do {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Trying to add $($replicadb.Name) to $replica"
                                $timeout++
                                $replicadb.JoinAvailablityGroup()
                                $replicadb.Refresh()
                                Start-Sleep -Seconds 1
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Error joining database to availability group" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        } while (-not $replicadb.IsJoined -and $timeout -lt 10)

                        if ($replicadb.IsJoined) {
                            $replicadb
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Could not join $($replicadb.Name) to $replica"
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    $replicadb
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Add-DbaAgListener {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Adds a listener to an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Adds a listener to an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        The Availability Group to which a listener will be bestowed upon.

    .PARAMETER IPAddress
        Sets the IP address of the availability group listener.

    .PARAMETER SubnetMask
        Sets the subnet IP mask of the availability group listener. Defaults to 255.255.255.0.

    .PARAMETER Port
        Sets the port number used to communicate with the availability group. Defaults to 1433.

    .PARAMETER Dhcp
        Indicates whether the listener uses DHCP.

    .PARAMETER Passthru
        Don't create the listener, just pass thru an object that can be further customized before creation.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Add-DbaAgListener

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Add-DbaAgListener -SqlInstance sql2017 -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint -IPAddress 10.0.20.20

        Creates a listener on 10.0.20.20 port 1433 for the SharePoint availability group on sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2017 -AvailabilityGroup availabilitygroup1 | Add-DbaAgListener -Dhcp

        Creates a listener on port 1433 with a dynamic IP for the group1 availability group on sql2017.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [ipaddress]$IPAddress,
        [ipaddress]$SubnetMask = "255.255.255.0",
        [int]$Port = 1433,
        [switch]$Dhcp,
        [switch]$Passthru,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName AvailabilityGroup)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify one or more databases and one or more Availability Groups when using the SqlInstance parameter."
            return
        }

        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup
        }

        foreach ($ag in $InputObject) {
            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Name)) {
                $Name = $ag.Name
            }
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($ag.Parent.Name, "Adding $($IPAddress.IPAddressToString) to $($ag.Name)")) {
                try {
                    $aglistener = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroupListener -ArgumentList $ag, $Name
                    $aglistener.PortNumber = $Port
                    $listenerip = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroupListenerIPAddress -ArgumentList $aglistener

                    if (Test-Bound -ParameterName IPAddress) {
                        $listenerip.IPAddress = $IPAddress.IPAddressToString
                        $listenerip.SubnetMask = $SubnetMask.IPAddressToString
                    }

                    $listenerip.IsDHCP = $Dhcp
                    $aglistener.AvailabilityGroupListenerIPAddresses.Add($listenerip)

                    if ($Passthru) {
                        return $aglistener
                    } else {
                        # something is up with .net create(), force a stop
                        Invoke-Create -Object $aglistener
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                }
                Get-DbaAgListener -SqlInstance $ag.Parent -AvailabilityGroup $ag.Name -Listener $Name
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Add-DbaAgReplica {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Adds a replica to an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Adds a replica to an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

        Automatically creates a database mirroring endpoint if required.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the replica. Defaults to the SQL Server instance name.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        The Availability Group to which a replica will be bestowed upon.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityMode
        Sets the availability mode of the availability group replica. Options are: AsynchronousCommit and SynchronousCommit. SynchronousCommit is default.

    .PARAMETER FailoverMode
        Sets the failover mode of the availability group replica. Options are Automatic and Manual. Automatic is default.

    .PARAMETER BackupPriority
        Sets the backup priority availability group replica. Default is 50.

    .PARAMETER Endpoint
        By default, this command will attempt to find a DatabaseMirror endpoint. If one does not exist, it will create it.

        If an endpoint must be created, the name "hadr_endpoint" will be used. If an alternative is preferred, use Endpoint.

    .PARAMETER Passthru
        Don't create the replica, just pass thru an object that can be further customized before creation.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup.

    .PARAMETER ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole
        Specifies the connection intent modes of an Availability Replica in primary role. AllowAllConnections by default.

    .PARAMETER ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole
        Specifies the connection modes of an Availability Replica in secondary role. AllowAllConnections by default.

    .PARAMETER ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl
        Sets the read only routing connection url for the availability replica.

    .PARAMETER SeedingMode
        Specifies how the secondary replica will be initially seeded.

        Automatic enables direct seeding. This method will seed the secondary replica over the network. This method does not require you to backup and restore a copy of the primary database on the replica.

        Manual requires you to create a backup of the database on the primary replica and manually restore that backup on the secondary replica.

    .PARAMETER Certificate
        Specifies that the endpoint is to authenticate the connection using the certificate specified by certificate_name to establish identity for authorization.

        The far endpoint must have a certificate with the public key matching the private key of the specified certificate.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Add-DbaAgReplica

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2017a -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint | Add-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance sql2017b

        Adds sql2017b to the SharePoint availability group on sql2017a

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2017a -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint | Add-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance sql2017b -FailoverMode Manual

        Adds sql2017b to the SharePoint availability group on sql2017a with a manual failover mode.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [string]$Name,
        [ValidateSet('AsynchronousCommit', 'SynchronousCommit')]
        [string]$AvailabilityMode = "SynchronousCommit",
        [ValidateSet('Automatic', 'Manual', 'External')]
        [string]$FailoverMode = "Automatic",
        [int]$BackupPriority = 50,
        [ValidateSet('AllowAllConnections', 'AllowReadWriteConnections')]
        [string]$ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole = 'AllowAllConnections',
        [ValidateSet('AllowAllConnections', 'AllowNoConnections', 'AllowReadIntentConnectionsOnly')]
        [string]$ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole = 'AllowAllConnections',
        [ValidateSet('Automatic', 'Manual')]
        [string]$SeedingMode = 'Automatic',
        [string]$Endpoint,
        [switch]$Passthru,
        [string]$ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl,
        [string]$Certificate,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroup]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not $AvailabilityGroup -and -not $InputObject) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify either AvailabilityGroup or pipe in an availabilty group to continue."
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Certificate) {
                $cert = Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance $server -Certificate $Certificate
                if (-not $cert) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Certificate $Certificate does not exist on $instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Certificate -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($AvailabilityGroup) {
                $InputObject = Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $server -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup
            }

            $ep = Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $server -Type DatabaseMirroring

            if (-not $ep) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Adding endpoint named $Endpoint to $instance")) {
                    if (-not $Endpoint) {
                        $Endpoint = "hadr_endpoint"
                    }
                    $ep = New-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $server -Name hadr_endpoint -Type DatabaseMirroring -EndpointEncryption Supported -EncryptionAlgorithm Aes -Certificate $Certificate
                    $null = $ep | Start-DbaEndpoint
                }
            }

            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Name)) {
                $Name = $server.DomainInstanceName
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Creating a replica for $($InputObject.Name) named $Name")) {
                try {
                    $replica = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityReplica -ArgumentList $InputObject, $Name
                    $replica.EndpointUrl = $ep.Fqdn
                    $replica.FailoverMode = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityReplicaFailoverMode]::$FailoverMode
                    $replica.AvailabilityMode = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityReplicaAvailabilityMode]::$AvailabilityMode
                    if ($server.EngineEdition -ne "Standard") {
                        $replica.ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityReplicaConnectionModeInPrimaryRole]::$ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole
                        $replica.ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityReplicaConnectionModeInSecondaryRole]::$ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole
                    }
                    $replica.BackupPriority = $BackupPriority

                    if ($ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl) {
                        $replica.ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl = $ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl
                    }

                    if ($SeedingMode -and $server.VersionMajor -ge 13) {
                        $replica.SeedingMode = $SeedingMode
                    }

                    if ($Passthru) {
                        return $replica
                    }

                    $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'AvailabilityGroup', 'Name', 'Role', 'RollupSynchronizationState', 'AvailabilityMode', 'BackupPriority', 'EndpointUrl', 'SessionTimeout', 'FailoverMode', 'ReadonlyRoutingList'

                    $InputObject.AvailabilityReplicas.Add($replica)
                    $agreplica = $InputObject.AvailabilityReplicas[$Name]
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agreplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $agreplica.Parent.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agreplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $agreplica.Parent.InstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agreplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $agreplica.Parent.SqlInstance
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agreplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AvailabilityGroup -value $agreplica.Parent.Name
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agreplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Replica -value $agreplica.Name # backwards compat

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $agreplica -Property $defaults
                } catch {
                    $msg = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.Message
                    if (-not $msg) {
                        $msg = $_
                    }
                    Stop-Function -Message $msg -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Add-DbaCmsRegServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Adds registered servers to SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS)

    .DESCRIPTION
        Adds registered servers to SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS). If you need more flexiblity, look into Import-DbaCmsRegServer which
        accepts multiple kinds of input and allows you to add reg servers from different CMSes.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER ServerName
        Server Name is the actual SQL instance name (labeled Server Name)

    .PARAMETER Name
        Name is basically the nickname in SSMS CMS interface (labeled Registered Server Name)

    .PARAMETER Description
        Adds a description for the registered server

    .PARAMETER Group
        Adds the registered server to a specific group.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows the piping of a registered server group

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: RegisteredServer, CMS
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Add-DbaCmsRegServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Add-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2008 -ServerName sql01

        Creates a registered server on sql2008's CMS which points to the SQL Server, sql01. When scrolling in CMS, the name "sql01" will be visible.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Add-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2008 -ServerName sql01 -Name "The 2008 Clustered Instance" -Description "HR's Dedicated SharePoint instance"

        Creates a registered server on sql2008's CMS which points to the SQL Server, sql01. When scrolling in CMS, "The 2008 Clustered Instance" will be visible.
        Clearly this is hard to explain ;)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Add-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2008 -ServerName sql01 -Group hr\Seattle

        Creates a registered server on sql2008's CMS which points to the SQL Server, sql01. When scrolling in CMS, the name "sql01" will be visible within the Seattle group which is in the hr group.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sql2008 -Group hr\Seattle | Add-DbaCmsRegServer -ServerName sql01111

        Creates a registered server on sql2008's CMS which points to the SQL Server, sql01. When scrolling in CMS, the name "sql01" will be visible within the Seattle group which is in the hr group.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$ServerName,
        [string]$Name = $ServerName,
        [string]$Description,
        [object]$Group,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject -and -not $SqlInstance) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must either pipe in a registered server group or specify a sqlinstance"
            return
        }

        # double check in case a null name was bound
        if (-not $Name) {
            $Name = $ServerName
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if (($Group)) {
                if ($Group -is [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup]) {
                    $InputObject += Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Group $Group.Name
                } else {
                    $InputObject += Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Group $Group
                }
            } else {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Id 1
            }

            if (-not $InputObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "No matching groups found on $instance" -Continue
            }
        }

        foreach ($reggroup in $InputObject) {
            $parentserver = Get-RegServerParent -InputObject $reggroup

            if ($null -eq $parentserver) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong and it's hard to explain, sorry. This basically shouldn't happen." -Continue
            }

            $server = $parentserver.ServerConnection.SqlConnectionObject

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($parentserver.SqlInstance, "Adding $ServerName")) {
                try {
                    $newserver = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServer($reggroup, $Name)
                    $newserver.ServerName = $ServerName
                    $newserver.Description = $Description
                    $newserver.Create()

                    Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance $server -Name $Name -ServerName $ServerName
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $ServerName on $($parentserver.SqlInstance)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Add-DbaRegisteredServer
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Add-DbaCmsRegServerGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Adds registered server groups to SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS)

    .DESCRIPTION
        Adds registered server groups to SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS). If you need more flexibility, look into Import-DbaCmsRegServer which accepts multiple kinds of input and allows you to add reg servers and groups from different CMS.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the registered server group

    .PARAMETER Description
        The description for the registered server group

    .PARAMETER Group
        The SQL Server Central Management Server group. If no groups are specified, the new group will be created at the root.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows results from Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup to be piped in

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: RegisteredServer, CMS
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Add-DbaCmsRegServerGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Add-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sql2012 -Name HR

        Creates a registered server group called HR, in the root of sql2012's CMS

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Add-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sql2012, sql2014 -Name sub-folder -Group HR

        Creates a registered server group on sql2012 and sql2014 called sub-folder within the HR group

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sql2012, sql2014 -Group HR | Add-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -Name sub-folder

        Creates a registered server group on sql2012 and sql2014 called sub-folder within the HR group of each server

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Name,
        [string]$Description,
        [string]$Group,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject -and -not $SqlInstance) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must either pipe in a registered server group or specify a sqlinstance"
            return
        }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Group)) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Group $Group
            } else {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Id 1
            }
        }

        foreach ($reggroup in $InputObject) {
            $parentserver = Get-RegServerParent -InputObject $reggroup
            $server = $parentserver.ServerConnection.ServerInstance.SqlConnectionObject

            if ($null -eq $parentserver) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong and it's hard to explain, sorry. This basically shouldn't happen." -Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($parentserver.SqlInstance, "Adding $Name")) {
                try {
                    $newgroup = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup($reggroup, $Name)
                    $newgroup.Description = $Description
                    $newgroup.Create()

                    Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $parentserver.ServerConnection.SqlConnectionObject -Group (Get-RegServerGroupReverseParse -object $newgroup)
                    $parentserver.ServerConnection.Disconnect()
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $reggroup on $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Add-DbaRegisteredServerGroup
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Add-DbaComputerCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Adds a computer certificate - useful for older systems.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Adds a computer certificate from a local or remote computer.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        The password for the certificate, if it is password protected.

    .PARAMETER Certificate
        The target certificate object.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The local path to the target certificate object.

    .PARAMETER Store
        Certificate store. Default is LocalMachine.

    .PARAMETER Folder
        Certificate folder. Default is My (Personal).

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Add-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName Server1 -Path C:\temp\cert.cer

        Adds the local C:\temp\cert.cer to the remote server Server1 in LocalMachine\My (Personal).

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Add-DbaComputerCertificate -Path C:\temp\cert.cer

        Adds the local C:\temp\cert.cer to the local computer's LocalMachine\My (Personal) certificate store.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("Password")]
        [SecureString]$SecurePassword,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2[]]$Certificate,
        [string]$Path,
        [string]$Store = "LocalMachine",
        [string]$Folder = "My",
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        if ($Path) {
            if (!(Test-Path -Path $Path)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Path ($Path) does not exist." -Category InvalidArgument
                return
            }

            try {
                # This may be too much, but oh well
                $bytes = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($Path)
                $Certificate = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2
                $Certificate.Import($bytes, $SecurePassword, [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::DefaultKeySet)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't import certificate." -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }

        #region Remoting Script
        $scriptBlock = {

            param (
                $CertificateData,

                [SecureString]$SecurePassword,

                $Store,

                $Folder
            )

            $cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2
            $cert.Import($CertificateData, $SecurePassword, [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::DefaultKeySet)
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Importing cert to $Folder\$Store"
            $tempStore = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store($Folder, $Store)
            $tempStore.Open('ReadWrite')
            $tempStore.Add($cert)
            $tempStore.Close()

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Searching Cert:\$Store\$Folder"
            Get-ChildItem "Cert:\$Store\$Folder" -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.Thumbprint -eq $cert.Thumbprint }
        }
        #endregion Remoting Script
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if (-not $Certificate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify either Certificate or Path" -Category InvalidArgument
            return
        }

        foreach ($cert in $Certificate) {

            try {
                $certData = $cert.Export([System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ContentType]::PFX, $SecurePassword)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't export certificate" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {

                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $computer to import cert")) {
                    try {
                        Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $certdata, $SecurePassword, $Store, $Folder -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop |
                            Select-DefaultView -Property FriendlyName, DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Add-DbaDbMirrorMonitor {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a database mirroring monitor job that periodically updates the mirroring status for every mirrored database on the server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a database mirroring monitor job that periodically updates the mirroring status for every mirrored database on the server instance.

        Basically executes sp_dbmmonitoraddmonitoring.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternate Windows or SQL Login Authentication. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Mirror, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Add-DbaDbMirrorMonitor

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Add-DbaDbMirrorMonitor -SqlInstance sql2008, sql2012

        Creates a database mirroring monitor job that periodically updates the mirroring status for every mirrored database on sql2008 and sql2012.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "add mirror monitoring")) {
                try {
                    $server.Query("msdb.dbo.sp_dbmmonitoraddmonitoring")
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName  = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName  = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        MonitorStatus = "Added"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Add-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Adds a Performance Data Collector Counter.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Adds a Performance Data Collector Counter.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials. To use:

        $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER CollectorSet
        The Collector Set name.

    .PARAMETER Collector
        The Collector name.

    .PARAMETER Counter
        The Counter name. This must be in the form of '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollector via the pipeline.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: PerfMon
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Add-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Add-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName sql2017 -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' -Collector DataCollector01  -Counter '\LogicalDisk(*)\Avg. Disk Queue Length'

        Adds the '\LogicalDisk(*)\Avg. Disk Queue Length' counter within the DataCollector01 collector within the System Correlation collector set on sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollector | Out-GridView -PassThru | Add-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -Counter '\LogicalDisk(*)\Avg. Disk Queue Length' -Confirm

        Allows you to select which Data Collector you'd like to add the counter '\LogicalDisk(*)\Avg. Disk Queue Length' on localhost and prompts for confirmation.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [Alias("DataCollector")]
        [string[]]$Collector,
        [Alias("Name")]
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [object[]]$Counter,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $setscript = {
            $setname = $args[0]; $Addxml = $args[1]
            $set = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            $set.SetXml($Addxml)
            $set.Commit($setname, $null, 0x0003) #add or modify.
            $set.Query($setname, $Null)
        }
    }
    process {
        if ($InputObject.Credential -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential -Not)) {
            $Credential = $InputObject.Credential
        }

        if (($InputObject | Get-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Count -le 3 -and $InputObject.ComputerName -and $InputObject.Name) {
            # it's coming from Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter
            $ComputerName = $InputObject.ComputerName
            $Counter = $InputObject.Name
            $InputObject = $null
        }

        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollector -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet -Collector $Collector
            }
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.DataCollectorObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollector or Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter."
                return
            }
        }

        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
            $computer = $InputObject.ComputerName
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue
            $setname = $InputObject.DataCollectorSet
            $collectorname = $InputObject.Name
            $xml = [xml]($InputObject.DataCollectorSetXml)

            foreach ($countername in $counter) {
                $node = $xml.SelectSingleNode("//Name[.='$collectorname']")
                $newitem = $xml.CreateElement('Counter')
                $null = $newitem.PsBase.InnerText = $countername
                $null = $node.ParentNode.AppendChild($newitem)
                $newitem = $xml.CreateElement('CounterDisplayName')
                $null = $newitem.PsBase.InnerText = $countername
                $null = $node.ParentNode.AppendChild($newitem)
            }
            $plainxml = $xml.OuterXml

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$computer", "Adding $counters to $collectorname with the $setname collection set")) {
                try {
                    $results = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $setname, $plainxml -ErrorAction Stop
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message " $results"
                    Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $setname -Collector $collectorname -Counter $counter
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure importing $Countername to $computer." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Backup-DbaDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Backup one or more SQL Sever databases from a single SQL Server SqlInstance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Performs a backup of a specified type of 1 or more databases on a single SQL Server Instance. These backups may be Full, Differential or Transaction log backups.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance hosting the databases to be backed up.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credentials to connect to the SQL Server instance if the calling user does not have permission.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER BackupFileName
        The name of the file to backup to. This is only accepted for single database backups.
        If no name is specified then the backup files will be named DatabaseName_yyyyMMddHHmm (i.e. "Database1_201714022131") with the appropriate extension.

        If the same name is used repeatedly, SQL Server will add backups to the same file at an incrementing position.

        SQL Server needs permissions to write to the specified location. Path names are based on the SQL Server (C:\ is the C drive on the SQL Server, not the machine running the script).

        Passing in NUL as the BackupFileName will backup to the NUL: device

    .PARAMETER TimeStampFormat
        By default the command timestamps backups using the format yyyyMMddHHmm. Using this parameter this can be overridden. The timestamp format should be defined using the Get-Date formats, illegal formats will cause an error to be thrown

    .PARAMETER BackupDirectory
        Path in which to place the backup files. If not specified, the backups will be placed in the default backup location for SqlInstance.
        If multiple paths are specified, the backups will be striped across these locations. This will overwrite the FileCount option.

        If the path does not exist, Sql Server will attempt to create it. Folders are created by the Sql Instance, and checks will be made for write permissions.

        File Names with be suffixed with x-of-y to enable identifying striped sets, where y is the number of files in the set and x ranges from 1 to y.

    .PARAMETER ReplaceInName
        If this switch is set, the following list of strings will be replaced in the BackupFileName and BackupDirectory strings:
            instancename - will be replaced with the instance Name
            servername - will be replaced with the server name
            dbname - will be replaced with the database name
            timestamp - will be replaced with the timestamp (either the default, or the format provided)
            backuptype - will be replaced with Full, Log or Differential as appropriate

    .PARAMETER CopyOnly
        If this switch is enabled, CopyOnly backups will be taken. By default function performs a normal backup, these backups interfere with the restore chain of the database. CopyOnly backups will not interfere with the restore chain of the database.

        For more details please refer to this MSDN article - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191495.aspx

    .PARAMETER Type
        The type of SQL Server backup to perform. Accepted values are "Full", "Log", "Differential", "Diff", "Database"

    .PARAMETER FileCount
        This is the number of striped copies of the backups you wish to create.    This value is overwritten if you specify multiple Backup Directories.

    .PARAMETER CreateFolder
        If this switch is enabled, each database will be backed up into a separate folder on each of the paths specified by BackupDirectory.

    .PARAMETER CompressBackup
        If this switch is enabled, the function will try to perform a compressed backup if supported by the version and edition of SQL Server. Otherwise, this function will use the server(s) default setting for compression.

    .PARAMETER MaxTransferSize
        Sets the size of the unit of transfer. Values must be a multiple of 64kb.

    .PARAMETER Blocksize
        Specifies the block size to use. Must be one of 0.5KB, 1KB, 2KB, 4KB, 8KB, 16KB, 32KB or 64KB. This can be specified in bytes.
        Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail

    .PARAMETER BufferCount
        Number of I/O buffers to use to perform the operation.
        Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail

    .PARAMETER Checksum
        If this switch is enabled, the backup checksum will be calculated.

    .PARAMETER Verify
        If this switch is enabled, the backup will be verified by running a RESTORE VERIFYONLY against the SqlInstance

    .PARAMETER WithFormat
        Formats the media as the first step of the backup operation. NOTE: This will set Initialize and SkipTapeHeader to $true.

    .PARAMETER Initialize
        Initializes the media as part of the backup operation.

    .PARAMETER SkipTapeHeader
        Initializes the media as part of the backup operation.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Internal parameter

    .PARAMETER AzureBaseUrl
        The URL to the base container of an Azure Storage account to write backups to.

        If specified, the only other parameters than can be used are "NoCopyOnly", "Type", "CompressBackup", "Checksum", "Verify", "AzureCredential", "CreateFolder".

    .PARAMETER AzureCredential
        The name of the credential on the SQL instance that can write to the AzureBaseUrl, only needed if using Storage access keys
        If using SAS credentials, the command will look for a credential with a name matching the AzureBaseUrl

    .PARAMETER NoRecovery
        This is passed in to perform a tail log backup if needed

    .PARAMETER BuildPath
        By default this command will not attempt to create missing paths, this switch will change the behaviour so that it will

    .PARAMETER IgnoreFileChecks
        This switch stops the function from checking for the validity of paths. This can be useful if SQL Server only has read access to the backup area.
        Note, that as we cannot check the path you may well end up with errors.

    .PARAMETER OutputScriptOnly
        Switch causes only the T-SQL script for the backup to be generated. Will not create any paths if they do not exist

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance Server1 -Database HR, Finance

        This will perform a full database backup on the databases HR and Finance on SQL Server Instance Server1 to Server1 default backup directory.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -BackupDirectory C:\temp -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Type Full

        Backs up AdventureWorks2014 to sql2016 C:\temp folder.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -AzureBaseUrl https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups/ -AzureCredential dbatoolscred -Type Full -CreateFolder

        Performs a full backup of all databases on the sql2016 instance to their own containers under the https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups/ container on Azure blog storage using the sql credential "dbatoolscred" registered on the sql2016 instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -AzureBaseUrl https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups/  -Type Full

        Performs a full backup of all databases on the sql2016 instance to the https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups/ container on Azure blog storage using the Shared Access Signature sql credential "https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups" registered on the sql2016 instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-Dbadatabase -SqlInstance Server1\Prod -Database db1 -BackupDirectory \\filestore\backups\servername\instancename\dbname\backuptype -Type Full -ReplaceInName

        Performs a full backup of db1 into the folder \\filestore\backups\server1\prod\db1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-Dbadatabase -SqlInstance Server1\Prod -BackupDirectory \\filestore\backups\servername\instancename\dbname\backuptype -BackupFileName dbname-backuptype-timestamp.trn -Type Log -ReplaceInName

        Performs a log backup for every database. For the database db1 this would results in backup files in \\filestore\backups\server1\prod\db1\Log\db1-log-31102018.trn

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance Sql2017 -Database master -BackupFileName NUL

        Performs a backup of master, but sends the output to the NUL device (ie; throws it away)
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "")] #For AzureCredential
    param (
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Pipe", Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [string[]]$BackupDirectory,
        [string]$BackupFileName,
        [switch]$ReplaceInName,
        [switch]$CopyOnly,
        [ValidateSet('Full', 'Log', 'Differential', 'Diff', 'Database')]
        [string]$Type = 'Database',
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "NoPipe", Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$CreateFolder,
        [int]$FileCount = 0,
        [switch]$CompressBackup,
        [switch]$Checksum,
        [switch]$Verify,
        [int]$MaxTransferSize,
        [int]$BlockSize,
        [int]$BufferCount,
        [string]$AzureBaseUrl,
        [string]$AzureCredential,
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [switch]$BuildPath,
        [switch]$WithFormat,
        [switch]$Initialize,
        [switch]$SkipTapeHeader,
        [string]$TimeStampFormat,
        [switch]$IgnoreFileChecks,
        [switch]$OutputScriptOnly,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if (-not (Test-Bound 'TimeStampFormat')) {
            Write-Message -Message 'Setting Default timestampformat' -Level Verbose
            $TimeStampFormat = "yyyyMMddHHmm"
        }
        if ($SqlInstance.length -ne 0) {
            try {
                $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -AzureUnsupported
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot connect to $SqlInstance" -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $InputObject = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            } else {
                $InputObject = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -ne 'tempdb'
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if ($null -eq $BackupDirectory -and $backupfileName -ne 'NUL') {
                Write-Message -Message 'No backupfolder passed in, setting it to instance default' -Level Verbose
                $BackupDirectory = (Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $SqlInstance).Backup
            }

            if ($BackupDirectory.Count -gt 1) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Multiple Backup Directories, striping"
                $Filecount = $BackupDirectory.Count
            }

            if ($InputObject.Count -gt 1 -and $BackupFileName -ne '' -and $True -ne $ReplaceInFile) {
                Stop-Function -Message "1 BackupFile specified, but more than 1 database."
                return
            }

            if (($MaxTransferSize % 64kb) -ne 0 -or $MaxTransferSize -gt 4mb) {
                Stop-Function -Message "MaxTransferSize value must be a multiple of 64kb and no greater than 4MB"
                return
            }
            if ($BlockSize) {
                if ($BlockSize -notin (0.5kb, 1kb, 2kb, 4kb, 8kb, 16kb, 32kb, 64kb)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Block size must be one of 0.5kb,1kb,2kb,4kb,8kb,16kb,32kb,64kb"
                    return
                }
            }
            if ('' -ne $AzureBaseUrl) {
                $AzureBaseUrl = $AzureBaseUrl.Trim("/")
                if ('' -ne $AzureCredential) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Azure Credential name passed in, will proceed assuming it's value" -Level Verbose
                    $FileCount = 1
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Message "AzureUrl and no credential, testing for SAS credential"
                    if (Get-DbaCredential -SqlInstance $server -Name $AzureBaseUrl) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Found a SAS backup credental" -Level Verbose
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "You must provide the credential name for the Azure Storage Account"
                        return
                    }
                }
                $BackupDirectory = $AzureBaseUrl
            }

            if ($OutputScriptOnly) {
                $IgnoreFileChecks = $true
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (!$SqlInstance -and !$InputObject) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a server and database or pipe some databases"
            return
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($InputObject.Count) database to backup"

        foreach ($Database in $InputObject) {
            $ProgressId = Get-Random
            $failures = @()
            $dbname = $Database.Name

            if ($dbname -eq "tempdb") {
                Stop-Function -Message "Backing up tempdb not supported" -Continue
            }

            if ('Normal' -notin ($Database.Status -split ',')) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Database status not Normal. $dbname skipped." -Continue
            }

            if ($Database.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Backing up snapshots not supported. $dbname skipped." -Continue
            }

            if ($null -eq $server) { $server = $Database.Parent }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backup database $database"

            if ($null -eq $Database.RecoveryModel) {
                $Database.RecoveryModel = $server.Databases[$Database.Name].RecoveryModel
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$dbname is in $($Database.RecoveryModel) recovery model"
            }

            # Fixes one-off cases of StackOverflowException crashes, see issue 1481
            $dbRecovery = $Database.RecoveryModel.ToString()
            if ($dbRecovery -eq 'Simple' -and $Type -eq 'Log') {
                $failreason = "$database is in simple recovery mode, cannot take log backup"
                $failures += $failreason
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason"
            }

            $lastfull = $database.Refresh().LastBackupDate.Year

            if ($Type -notin @("Database", "Full") -and $lastfull -eq 1) {
                $failreason = "$database does not have an existing full backup, cannot take log or differentialbackup"
                $failures += $failreason
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason"
            }

            if ($CopyOnly -ne $true) {
                $CopyOnly = $false
            }

            $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
            $backup = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Backup
            $backup.Database = $Database.Name
            $Suffix = "bak"

            if ($CompressBackup) {
                if ($database.EncryptionEnabled) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$dbname is enabled for encryption, will not compress"
                    $backup.CompressionOption = 2
                } elseif ($server.Edition -like 'Express*' -or ($server.VersionMajor -eq 10 -and $server.VersionMinor -eq 0 -and $server.Edition -notlike '*enterprise*') -or $server.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Compression is not supported with this version/edition of Sql Server"
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Compression enabled"
                    $backup.CompressionOption = 1
                }
            }

            if ($Checksum) {
                $backup.Checksum = $true
            }

            if ($Type -in 'Diff', 'Differential') {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Creating differential backup"
                $SMOBackuptype = "Database"
                $backup.Incremental = $true
                $outputType = 'Differential'
            }
            $Backup.NoRecovery = $false
            if ($Type -eq "Log") {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Creating log backup"
                $Suffix = "trn"
                $OutputType = 'Log'
                $SMOBackupType = 'Log'
                $Backup.NoRecovery = $NoRecovery
            }

            if ($Type -in 'Full', 'Database') {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Creating full backup"
                $SMOBackupType = "Database"
                $OutputType = 'Full'
            }

            $backup.CopyOnly = $copyonly
            $backup.Action = $SMOBackupType
            if ('' -ne $AzureBaseUrl -and $null -ne $AzureCredential) {
                $backup.CredentialName = $AzureCredential
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Building file name"

            $BackupFinalName = ''
            $FinalBackupPath = @()
            $timestamp = Get-Date -Format $TimeStampFormat
            if ('NUL' -eq $BackupFileName) {
                $FinalBackupPath += 'NUL:'
                $IgnoreFileChecks = $true
            } elseif ('' -ne $BackupFileName) {
                $File = New-Object System.IO.FileInfo($BackupFileName)
                $BackupFinalName = $file.Name
                $suffix = $file.extension -Replace '^\.', ''
                if ( '' -ne (Split-Path $BackupFileName)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Fully qualified path passed in"
                    $FinalBackupPath += [IO.Path]::GetFullPath($file.DirectoryName)
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting filename - $timestamp"
                $BackupFinalName = "$($dbname)_$timestamp.$suffix"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Building backup path"
            if ($FinalBackupPath.Count -eq 0) {
                $FinalBackupPath += $BackupDirectory
            }

            if ($BackupDirectory.Count -eq 1 -and $Filecount -gt 1) {
                for ($i = 0; $i -lt ($Filecount - 1); $i++) {
                    $FinalBackupPath += $FinalBackupPath[0]
                }
            }

            if ($AzureBaseUrl -or $AzureCredential) {
                $slash = "/"
            } else {
                $slash = "\"
            }
            if ($FinalBackupPath.Count -gt 1) {
                $File = New-Object System.IO.FileInfo($BackupFinalName)
                for ($i = 0; $i -lt $FinalBackupPath.Count; $i++) {
                    $FinalBackupPath[$i] = $FinalBackupPath[$i] + $slash + $($File.BaseName) + "-$($i+1)-of-$FileCount.$suffix"
                }
            } elseif ($FinalBackupPath[0] -ne 'NUL:') {
                $FinalBackupPath[0] = $FinalBackupPath[0] + $slash + $BackupFinalName
            }

            if ($CreateFolder -and $FinalBackupPath[0] -ne 'NUL:') {
                for ($i = 0; $i -lt $FinalBackupPath.Count; $i++) {
                    $parent = [IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($FinalBackupPath[$i])
                    $leaf = [IO.Path]::GetFileName($FinalBackupPath[$i])
                    $FinalBackupPath[$i] = [IO.Path]::Combine($parent, $dbname, $leaf)
                }
            }

            if ($True -eq $ReplaceInName) {
                for ($i = 0; $i -lt $FinalBackupPath.count; $i++) {
                    $FinalBackupPath[$i] = $FinalBackupPath[$i] -replace ('dbname', $dbname)
                    $FinalBackupPath[$i] = $FinalBackupPath[$i] -replace ('instancename', $SqlInstance.InstanceName)
                    $FinalBackupPath[$i] = $FinalBackupPath[$i] -replace ('servername', $SqlInstance.ComputerName)
                    $FinalBackupPath[$i] = $FinalBackupPath[$i] -replace ('timestamp', $timestamp)
                    $FinalBackupPath[$i] = $FinalBackupPath[$i] -replace ('backuptype', $outputType)
                }
            }

            if (-not $IgnoreFileChecks -and -not $AzureBaseUrl) {
                $parentPaths = ($FinalBackupPath | ForEach-Object { Split-Path $_ } | Select-Object -Unique)
                foreach ($parentPath in $parentPaths) {
                    if (-not (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $parentPath)) {
                        if (($BuildPath -eq $true) -or ($CreateFolder -eq $True)) {
                            $null = New-DbaDirectory -SqlInstance $server -Path $parentPath
                        } else {
                            $failreason += "SQL Server cannot check if $parentPath exists. You can try disabling this check with -IgnoreFileChecks"
                            $failures += $failreason
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }


            if ('' -eq $AzureBaseUrl -and $BackupDirectory) {
                $FinalBackupPath = $FinalBackupPath | ForEach-Object { [IO.Path]::GetFullPath($_) }
            }


            $script = $null
            $backupComplete = $false

            if (!$failures) {
                $Filecount = $FinalBackupPath.Count

                foreach ($backupfile in $FinalBackupPath) {
                    $device = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem
                    if ('' -ne $AzureBaseUrl) {
                        $device.DeviceType = "URL"
                    } else {
                        $device.DeviceType = "File"
                    }

                    if ($WithFormat) {
                        Write-Message -Message "WithFormat specified. Ensuring Initialize and SkipTapeHeader are set to true." -Level Verbose
                        $Initialize = $true
                        $SkipTapeHeader = $true
                    }

                    $backup.FormatMedia = $WithFormat
                    $backup.Initialize = $Initialize
                    $backup.SkipTapeHeader = $SkipTapeHeader
                    $device.Name = $backupfile
                    $backup.Devices.Add($device)
                }
                $humanBackupFile = $FinalBackupPath -Join ','
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Devices added"
                $percent = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PercentCompleteEventHandler] {
                    Write-Progress -id $ProgressId -activity "Backing up database $dbname to $humanBackupFile" -percentcomplete $_.Percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", $_.Percent))
                }
                $backup.add_PercentComplete($percent)
                $backup.PercentCompleteNotification = 1
                $backup.add_Complete($complete)

                if ($MaxTransferSize) {
                    $backup.MaxTransferSize = $MaxTransferSize
                }
                if ($BufferCount) {
                    $backup.BufferCount = $BufferCount
                }
                if ($BlockSize) {
                    $backup.Blocksize = $BlockSize
                }

                Write-Progress -id $ProgressId -activity "Backing up database $dbname to $humanBackupFile" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))

                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Backing up $dbname to $humanBackupFile")) {
                        $CurrentLsn = (Read-DbaTransactionLog -SqlInstance $server -Database $dbname -RowLimit 1).'Current LSN'
                        $NumericLSN = (Convert-DbaLSN -LSN $CurrentLsn).Numeric
                        if ($OutputScriptOnly -ne $True) {
                            $Filelist = @()
                            $FileList += $server.Databases[$dbname].FileGroups.Files | Select-Object @{ Name = "FileType"; Expression = { "D" } }, @{ Name = "Type"; Expression = { "D" } }, @{ Name = "LogicalName"; Expression = { $_.Name } }, @{ Name = "PhysicalName"; Expression = { $_.FileName } }
                            $FileList += $server.Databases[$dbname].LogFiles | Select-Object @{ Name = "FileType"; Expression = { "L" } }, @{ Name = "Type"; Expression = { "L" } }, @{ Name = "LogicalName"; Expression = { $_.Name } }, @{ Name = "PhysicalName"; Expression = { $_.FileName } }

                            $backup.SqlBackup($server)
                            $script = $backup.Script($server)
                            Write-Progress -id $ProgressId -activity "Backing up database $dbname to $backupfile" -status "Complete" -Completed
                            $BackupComplete = $true
                            if ($server.VersionMajor -eq '8') {
                                $HeaderInfo = Get-BackupAncientHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $dbname
                            } else {
                                $HeaderInfo = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $dbname -Last -IncludeCopyOnly -LastLsn $NumericLsn -RecoveryFork $database.RecoveryForkGuid  | Sort-Object -Property End -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
                            }
                            $Verified = $false
                            if ($Verify) {
                                $verifiedresult = [PSCustomObject]@{
                                    SqlInstance          = $server.name
                                    DatabaseName         = $dbname
                                    BackupComplete       = $BackupComplete
                                    BackupFilesCount     = $FinalBackupPath.Count
                                    BackupFile           = (Split-Path $FinalBackupPath -Leaf)
                                    BackupFolder         = (Split-Path $FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                                    BackupPath           = ($FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                                    Script               = $script
                                    Notes                = $failures -join (',')
                                    FullName             = ($FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                                    FileList             = $FileList
                                    SoftwareVersionMajor = $server.VersionMajor
                                    Type                 = $outputType
                                    FirstLsn             = $HeaderInfo.FirstLsn
                                    DatabaseBackupLsn    = $HeaderInfo.DatabaseBackupLsn
                                    CheckPointLsn        = $HeaderInfo.CheckPointLsn
                                    LastLsn              = $HeaderInfo.LastLsn
                                    BackupSetId          = $HeaderInfo.BackupSetId
                                    LastRecoveryForkGUID = $HeaderInfo.LastRecoveryForkGUID
                                } | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -DatabaseName DbaVerifyOnly -VerifyOnly -TrustDbBackupHistory -DestinationFilePrefix DbaVerifyOnly
                                if ($verifiedResult[0] -eq "Verify successful") {
                                    $failures += $verifiedResult[0]
                                    $Verified = $true
                                } else {
                                    $failures += $verifiedResult[0]
                                    $Verified = $false
                                }
                            }
                            $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupComplete -Value $BackupComplete
                            $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupFile -Value (Split-Path $FinalBackupPath -Leaf)
                            $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupFilesCount -Value $FinalBackupPath.Count
                            if ($FinalBackupPath[0] -eq 'NUL:') {
                                $pathresult = "NUL:"
                            } else {
                                $pathresult = (Split-Path $FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                            }
                            $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupFolder -Value $pathresult
                            $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupPath -Value ($FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique)
                            $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name DatabaseName -Value $dbname
                            $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name Notes -Value ($failures -join (','))
                            $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name Script -Value $script
                            $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name Verified -Value $Verified
                        } else {
                            $backup.Script($server)
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    if ($NoRecovery -and ($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException -like '*cannot be opened. It is in the middle of a restore.')) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Exception thrown by db going into restoring mode due to recovery" -Leve Verbose
                    } else {
                        Write-Progress -id $ProgressId -activity "Backup" -status "Failed" -completed
                        Stop-Function -message "Backup Failed" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        $BackupComplete = $false
                    }
                }
            }
            $OutputExclude = 'FullName', 'FileList', 'SoftwareVersionMajor'
            if ($failures.Count -eq 0) {
                $OutputExclude += ('Notes', 'FirstLsn', 'DatabaseBackupLsn', 'CheckpointLsn', 'LastLsn', 'BackupSetId', 'LastRecoveryForkGuid')
            }
            $headerinfo | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty $OutputExclude
            $BackupFileName = $null
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Backup-DbaDbCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports database certificates from SQL Server using SMO.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports database certificates from SQL Server using SMO and outputs the .cer and .pvk files.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Certificate
        Exports certificate that matches the name(s).

    .PARAMETER Database
        Exports the encryptor for specific database(s).

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Database(s) to skip when exporting encryptors.

    .PARAMETER EncryptionPassword
        A string value that specifies the system path to encrypt the private key.

    .PARAMETER DecryptionPassword
        A string value that specifies the system path to decrypt the private key.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to output the files to. The path is relative to the SQL Server itself. If no path is specified, the default data directory will be used.

    .PARAMETER Suffix
        The suffix of the filename of the exported certificate.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaDbCertificate

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Certificate
        Author: Jess Pomfret (@jpomfret)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1

        Exports all the certificates on the specified SQL Server to the default data path for the instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -SqlCredential $cred

        Connects using sqladmin credential and exports all the certificates on the specified SQL Server to the default data path for the instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Certificate Certificate1

        Exports only the certificate named Certificate1 on the specified SQL Server to the default data path for the instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Database AdventureWorks

        Exports only the certificates for AdventureWorks on the specified SQL Server to the default data path for the instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase AdventureWorks

        Exports all certificates except those for AdventureWorks on the specified SQL Server to the default data path for the instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\Server1\Certificates -EncryptionPassword (ConvertTo-SecureString -force -AsPlainText GoodPass1234!!)

        Exports all the certificates and private keys on the specified SQL Server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $EncryptionPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText "GoodPass1234!!" -force
        PS C:\> $DecryptionPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText "Password4567!!" -force
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -EncryptionPassword $EncryptionPassword -DecryptionPassword $DecryptionPassword

        Exports all the certificates on the specified SQL Server using the supplied DecryptionPassword, since an EncryptionPassword is specified private keys are also exported.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\Server1\Certificates

        Exports all certificates on the specified SQL Server to the specified path.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Suffix DbaTools

        Exports all certificates on the specified SQL Server to the specified path, appends DbaTools to the end of the filenames.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance sql2016 | Backup-DbaDbCertificate

        Exports all certificates found on sql2016 to the default data directory.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [object[]]$Certificate,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Security.SecureString]$EncryptionPassword,
        [Security.SecureString]$DecryptionPassword,
        [System.IO.FileInfo]$Path,
        [string]$Suffix = "$(Get-Date -format 'yyyyMMddHHmmssms')",
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "collection")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Certificate[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if (-not $EncryptionPassword -and $DecryptionPassword) {
            Stop-Function -Message "If you specify a decryption password, you must also specify an encryption password" -Target $DecryptionPassword
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Backup-DbaDatabaseCertificate

        function export-cert ($cert) {
            $certName = $cert.Name
            $db = $cert.Parent
            $server = $db.Parent
            $instance = $server.Name
            $actualPath = $Path

            if ($null -eq $actualPath) {
                $actualPath = Get-SqlDefaultPaths -SqlInstance $server -filetype Data
            }

            $actualPath = "$actualPath".TrimEnd('\')
            $fullCertName = "$actualPath\$certName$Suffix"
            $exportPathKey = "$fullCertName.pvk"

            if (!(Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $actualPath)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$SqlInstance cannot access $actualPath" -Target $actualPath
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Exporting certificate $certName from $db on $instance to $actualPath")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting Certificate: $certName to $fullCertName"
                try {

                    $exportPathCert = "$fullCertName.cer"

                    # because the password shouldn't go to memory...
                    if ($EncryptionPassword.Length -gt 0 -and $DecryptionPassword.Length -gt 0) {

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Both passwords passed in. Will export both cer and pvk."

                        $cert.export(
                            $exportPathCert,
                            $exportPathKey,
                            [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($EncryptionPassword)),
                            [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($DecryptionPassword))
                        )
                    } elseif ($EncryptionPassword.Length -gt 0 -and $DecryptionPassword.Length -eq 0) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Only encryption password passed in. Will export both cer and pvk."

                        $cert.export(
                            $exportPathCert,
                            $exportPathKey,
                            [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($EncryptionPassword))
                        )
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No passwords passed in. Will export just cer."
                        $exportPathKey = "Password required to export key"
                        $cert.export($exportPathCert)
                    }

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database       = $db.Name
                        Certificate    = $certName
                        Path           = $exportPathCert
                        Key            = $exportPathKey
                        ExportPath     = $exportPathCert
                        ExportKey      = $exportPathKey
                        exportPathCert = $exportPathCert
                        exportPathKey  = $exportPathKey
                        Status         = "Success"
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty exportPathCert, exportPathKey, ExportPath, ExportKey
                } catch {

                    if ($_.Exception.InnerException) {
                        $exception = $_.Exception.InnerException.ToString() -Split "System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: "
                        $exception = ($exception[1] -Split "at Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common.ConnectionManager")[0]
                    } else {
                        $exception = $_.Exception
                    }
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database       = $db.Name
                        Certificate    = $certName
                        Path           = $exportPathCert
                        Key            = $exportPathKey
                        ExportPath     = $exportPathCert
                        ExportKey      = $exportPathKey
                        exportPathCert = $exportPathCert
                        exportPathKey  = $exportPathKey
                        Status         = "Failure: $exception"
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty exportPathCert, exportPathKey, ExportPath, ExportKey
                    Stop-Function -Message "$certName from $db on $instance cannot be exported." -Continue -Target $cert -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        foreach ($cert in $InputObject) {
            if ($cert.Name.StartsWith("##")) {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Skipping system cert $cert"
            } else {
                export-cert $cert
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Backup-DbaDbMasterKey {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Backs up specified database master key.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Backs up specified database master key.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Backup master key from specific database(s).

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The directory to export the key. If no path is specified, the default backup directory for the instance will be used.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Pass a credential object for the password

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        The password to encrypt the exported key. This must be a SecureString.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Database object piped in from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate, Database
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDbMasterKey -SqlInstance server1\sql2016
        ```
        ComputerName : SERVER1
        InstanceName : SQL2016
        SqlInstance  : SERVER1\SQL2016
        Database     : master
        Filename     : E:\MSSQL13.SQL2016\MSSQL\Backup\server1$sql2016-master-20170614162311.key
        Status       : Success
        ```

        Prompts for export password, then logs into server1\sql2016 with Windows credentials then backs up all database keys to the default backup directory.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Backup-DbaDbMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Path \\nas\sqlbackups\keys

        Logs into sql2016 with Windows credentials then backs up db1's keys to the \\nas\sqlbackups\keys directory.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias("Password")]
        [Security.SecureString]$SecurePassword,
        [string]$Path,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($Credential) {
            $SecurePassword = $Credential.Password
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            $server = $db.Parent

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Path -Not) {
                $Path = $server.BackupDirectory
            }

            if (-not $Path) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Path discovery failed. Please explicitly specify -Path" -Target $server -Continue
            }

            if (!(Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $Path)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$instance cannot access $Path" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping."
                continue
            }

            $masterkey = $db.MasterKey

            if (!$masterkey) {
                Write-Message -Message "No master key exists in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                continue
            }

            # If you pass a password param, then you will not be prompted for each database, but it wouldn't be a good idea to build in insecurity
            if (-not $SecurePassword -and -not $Credential) {
                $SecurePassword = Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "You must enter Service Key password for $instance"
                $SecurePassword2 = Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "Type the password again"

                if (([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($SecurePassword))) -ne ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($SecurePassword2)))) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Passwords do not match" -Continue
                }
            }

            $time = (Get-Date -Format yyyMMddHHmmss)
            $dbname = $db.name
            $Path = $Path.TrimEnd("\")
            $fileinstance = $instance.ToString().Replace('\', '$')
            $filename = "$Path\$fileinstance-$dbname-$time.key"

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Backing up master key to $filename")) {
                try {
                    $masterkey.Export($filename, [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($SecurePassword)))
                    $status = "Success"
                } catch {
                    $status = "Failure"
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Backup failure: $($_.Exception.InnerException)"
                }

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $dbname
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Filename -value $filename
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Status -value $status

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $masterkey -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, 'Filename as Path', Status
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Backup-DbaDatabaseMasterKey
    }
}
function Clear-DbaConnectionPool {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Resets (or empties) the connection pool.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command resets (or empties) the connection pool.

        If there are connections in use at the time of the call, they are marked appropriately and will be discarded (instead of being returned to the pool) when Close() is called on them.

        Ref: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnection.clearallpools(v=vs.110).aspx

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        Target computer(s). If no computer name is specified, the local computer is targeted.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Alternate credential object to use for accessing the target computer(s).

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Connection
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Clear-DbaConnectionPool

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Clear-DbaConnectionPool

        Clears all local connection pools.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Clear-DbaConnectionPool -ComputerName workstation27

        Clears all connection pools on workstation27.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    process {
        # TODO: https://jamessdixon.wordpress.com/2013/01/22/ado-net-and-connection-pooling

        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            try {
                if (-not $computer.IsLocalhost) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Clearing all pools on remote computer $computer"
                    if (Test-Bound 'Credential') {
                        Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection]::ClearAllPools() }
                    } else {
                        Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -ScriptBlock { [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection]::ClearAllPools() }
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Clearing all local pools"
                    if (Test-Bound 'Credential') {
                        Invoke-Command2 -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection]::ClearAllPools() }
                    } else {
                        Invoke-Command2 -ScriptBlock { [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection]::ClearAllPools() }
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Clear-DbaSqlConnectionPool
    }
}
function Clear-DbaLatchStatistics {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Clears Latch Statistics

    .DESCRIPTION
        Reset the aggregated statistics - basically just executes DBCC SQLPERF (N'sys.dm_os_latch_stats', CLEAR)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: LatchStatistic, Waits
        Author: Patrick Flynn (@sqllensman)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Clear-DbaLatchStatistics

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Clear-DbaLatchStatistics -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        After confirmation, clears latch statistics on servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Clear-DbaLatchStatistics -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012 -Confirm:$false

        Clears latch statistics on servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012, without prompting

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql2008','sqlserver2012' | Clear-DbaLatchStatistics

        After confirmation, clears latch statistics on servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Clear-DbaLatchStatistics -SqlInstance sql2008 -SqlCredential $cred

        Connects using sqladmin credential and clears latch statistics on servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(ConfirmImpact = 'High', SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "", Justification = "Singular Noun doesn't make sense")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Performing CLEAR of sys.dm_os_latch_stats")) {
                try {
                    $server.Query("DBCC SQLPERF (N'sys.dm_os_latch_stats' , CLEAR);")
                    $status = "Success"
                } catch {
                    $status = $_.Exception
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Status       = $status
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Clear-DbaPlanCache {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes ad-hoc and prepared plan caches is single use plans are over defined threshold.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Checks ad-hoc and prepared plan cache for each database, if over 100 MBs removes from the cache.

        This command automates that process.

        References: https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/kimberly/plan-cache-adhoc-workloads-and-clearing-the-single-use-plan-cache-bloat/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Threshold
        Memory used threshold.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables results to be piped in from Get-DbaPlanCache.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Memory
        Author: Tracy Boggiano, databasesuperhero.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Clear-DbaPlanCache

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Clear-DbaPlanCache -SqlInstance sql2017 -Threshold 200

        Logs into the SQL Server instance "sql2017" and removes plan caches if over 200 MB.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Clear-DbaPlanCache -SqlInstance sql2017 -SqlCredential sqladmin

        Logs into the SQL instance using the SQL Login 'sqladmin' and then Windows instance as 'ad\sqldba'
        and removes if Threshold over 100 MB.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaInstance -ComputerName localhost | Get-DbaPlanCache | Clear-DbaPlanCache -Threshold 200

        Scans localhost for instances using the browser service, traverses all instances and gets the plan cache for each, clears them out if they are above 200 MB.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int]$Threshold = 100,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaPlanCache -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }

        foreach ($result in $InputObject) {
            if ($result.MB -ge $Threshold) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($($result.SqlInstance), "Cleared SQL Plans plan cache")) {
                    try {
                        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $result.SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }

                    $server.Query("DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE('SQL Plans')")
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $result.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $result.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance  = $result.SqlInstance
                        Size         = $result.Size
                        Status       = "Plan cache cleared"
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($($result.SqlInstance), "Results $($result.Size) below threshold")) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $result.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $result.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance  = $result.SqlInstance
                        Size         = $result.Size
                        Status       = "Plan cache size below threshold ($Threshold) "
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Plan cache size below threshold ($Threshold) "
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Clear-DbaWaitStatistics {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Clears wait statistics

    .DESCRIPTION
        Reset the aggregated statistics - basically just executes DBCC SQLPERF (N'sys.dm_os_wait_stats', CLEAR)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: WaitStatistic, Waits
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Clear-DbaWaitStatistics

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Clear-DbaWaitStatistics -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        After confirmation, clears wait stats on servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Clear-DbaWaitStatistics -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012 -Confirm:$false

        Clears wait stats on servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012, without prompting

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(ConfirmImpact = 'High', SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "", Justification = "Singular Noun doesn't make sense")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Performing CLEAR of sys.dm_os_wait_stats")) {
                try {
                    $server.Query("DBCC SQLPERF (N'sys.dm_os_wait_stats', CLEAR);")
                    $status = "Success"
                } catch {
                    $status = $_.Exception
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Status       = $status
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Connect-DbaInstance {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a robust SMO SQL Server object.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command is robust because it initializes properties that do not cause enumeration by default. It also supports both Windows and SQL Server authentication methods, and detects which to use based upon the provided credentials.

        By default, this command also sets the connection's ApplicationName property  to "dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io - custom connection". If you're doing anything that requires profiling, you can look for this client name.

        Alternatively, you can pass in whichever client name you'd like using the -ClientName parameter. There are a ton of other parameters for you to explore as well.

        See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnection.connectionstring.aspx
        and https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnectionstringbuilder.aspx,
        and https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnection.aspx

        To execute SQL commands, you can use $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteReader($sql) or $server.Databases['master'].ExecuteNonQuery($sql)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server Instance as a different user. This can be a Windows or SQL Server account. Windows users are determined by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER AccessToken
        Gets or sets the access token for the connection.

    .PARAMETER AppendConnectionString
        Appends to the current connection string. Note that you cannot pass authentication information using this method. Use -SqlInstance and optionally -SqlCredential to set authentication information.

    .PARAMETER ApplicationIntent
        Declares the application workload type when connecting to a server.

        Valid values are "ReadOnly" and "ReadWrite".

    .PARAMETER BatchSeparator
        A string to separate groups of SQL statements being executed. By default, this is "GO".

    .PARAMETER ClientName
        By default, this command sets the client's ApplicationName property to "dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io - custom connection" if you're doing anything that requires profiling, you can look for this client name. Using -ClientName allows you to set your own custom client application name.

    .PARAMETER ConnectTimeout
        The length of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection to the server before terminating the attempt and generating an error.

        Valid values are integers between 0 and 2147483647.

        When opening a connection to a Azure SQL Database, set the connection timeout to 30 seconds.

    .PARAMETER EncryptConnection
        If this switch is enabled, SQL Server uses SSL encryption for all data sent between the client and server if the server has a certificate installed.

        For more information, see Connection String Syntax. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/data/adonet/connection-string-syntax

        Beginning in .NET Framework 4.5, when TrustServerCertificate is false and Encrypt is true, the server name (or IP address) in a SQL Server SSL certificate must exactly match the server name (or IP address) specified in the connection string. Otherwise, the connection attempt will fail. For information about support for certificates whose subject starts with a wildcard character (*), see Accepted wildcards used by server certificates for server authentication. https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/258858/accepted-wildcards-used-by-server-certificates-for-server-authenticati

    .PARAMETER FailoverPartner
        The name of the failover partner server where database mirroring is configured.

        If the value of this key is "" (an empty string), then Initial Catalog must be present in the connection string, and its value must not be "".

        The server name can be 128 characters or less.

        If you specify a failover partner but the failover partner server is not configured for database mirroring and the primary server (specified with the Server keyword) is not available, then the connection will fail.

        If you specify a failover partner and the primary server is not configured for database mirroring, the connection to the primary server (specified with the Server keyword) will succeed if the primary server is available.

    .PARAMETER LockTimeout
        Sets the time in seconds required for the connection to time out when the current transaction is locked.

    .PARAMETER MaxPoolSize
        Sets the maximum number of connections allowed in the connection pool for this specific connection string.

    .PARAMETER MinPoolSize
        Sets the minimum number of connections allowed in the connection pool for this specific connection string.

    .PARAMETER MultipleActiveResultSets
        If this switch is enabled, an application can maintain multiple active result sets (MARS).

        If this switch is not enabled, an application must process or cancel all result sets from one batch before it can execute any other batch on that connection.

    .PARAMETER MultiSubnetFailover
        If this switch is enabled, and your application is connecting to an AlwaysOn availability group (AG) on different subnets, detection of and connection to the currently active server will be faster. For more information about SqlClient support for Always On Availability Groups, see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/data/adonet/sql/sqlclient-support-for-high-availability-disaster-recovery

    .PARAMETER NetworkProtocol
        Explicitly sets the network protocol used to connect to the server.

        Valid values are "TcpIp","NamedPipes","Multiprotocol","AppleTalk","BanyanVines","Via","SharedMemory" and "NWLinkIpxSpx"

    .PARAMETER NonPooledConnection
        If this switch is enabled, a non-pooled connection will be requested.

    .PARAMETER PacketSize
        Sets the size in bytes of the network packets used to communicate with an instance of SQL Server. Must match at server.

    .PARAMETER PooledConnectionLifetime
        When a connection is returned to the pool, its creation time is compared with the current time and the connection is destroyed if that time span (in seconds) exceeds the value specified by Connection Lifetime. This is useful in clustered configurations to force load balancing between a running server and a server just brought online.

        A value of zero (0) causes pooled connections to have the maximum connection timeout.

    .PARAMETER SqlExecutionModes
        The SqlExecutionModes enumeration contains values that are used to specify whether the commands sent to the referenced connection to the server are executed immediately or saved in a buffer.

        Valid values include "CaptureSql", "ExecuteAndCaptureSql" and "ExecuteSql".

    .PARAMETER StatementTimeout
        Sets the number of seconds a statement is given to run before failing with a timeout error.

    .PARAMETER TrustServerCertificate
        When this switch is enabled, the channel will be encrypted while bypassing walking the certificate chain to validate trust.

    .PARAMETER WorkstationId
        Sets the name of the workstation connecting to SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlConnectionOnly
        Instead of returning a rich SMO server object, this command will only return a SqlConnection object when setting this switch.

    .PARAMETER DisableException
        By default in most of our commands, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This command, however, gifts you  with "sea of red" exceptions, by default, because it is useful for advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns our "nice by default" feature on which makes errors into pretty warnings.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Connect, Connection
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Connect-DbaInstance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2014

        Creates an SMO Server object that connects using Windows Authentication

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $wincred = Get-Credential ad\sqladmin
        PS C:\> Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2014 -SqlCredential $wincred

        Creates an SMO Server object that connects using alternative Windows credentials

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $sqlcred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2014 -SqlCredential $sqlcred

        Login to sql2014 as SQL login sqladmin.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2014 -ClientName "my connection"

        Creates an SMO Server object that connects using Windows Authentication and uses the client name "my connection". So when you open up profiler or use extended events, you can search for "my connection".

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2014 -AppendConnectionString "Packet Size=4096;AttachDbFilename=C:\MyFolder\MyDataFile.mdf;User Instance=true;"

        Creates an SMO Server object that connects to sql2014 using Windows Authentication, then it sets the packet size (this can also be done via -PacketSize) and other connection attributes.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2014 -NetworkProtocol TcpIp -MultiSubnetFailover

        Creates an SMO Server object that connects using Windows Authentication that uses TCP/IP and has MultiSubnetFailover enabled.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $server = Connect-DbaInstance sql2016 -ApplicationIntent ReadOnly

        Connects with ReadOnly ApplicationIntent.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [string]$AccessToken,
        [ValidateSet('ReadOnly', 'ReadWrite')]
        [string]$ApplicationIntent,
        [string]$BatchSeparator,
        [string]$ClientName = "dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io - custom connection",
        [int]$ConnectTimeout = ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::SqlConnectionTimeout),
        [switch]$EncryptConnection,
        [string]$FailoverPartner,
        [int]$LockTimeout,
        [int]$MaxPoolSize,
        [int]$MinPoolSize,
        [switch]$MultipleActiveResultSets,
        [switch]$MultiSubnetFailover,
        [ValidateSet('TcpIp', 'NamedPipes', 'Multiprotocol', 'AppleTalk', 'BanyanVines', 'Via', 'SharedMemory', 'NWLinkIpxSpx')]
        [string]$NetworkProtocol,
        [switch]$NonPooledConnection,
        [int]$PacketSize,
        [int]$PooledConnectionLifetime,
        [ValidateSet('CaptureSql', 'ExecuteAndCaptureSql', 'ExecuteSql')]
        [string]$SqlExecutionModes,
        [int]$StatementTimeout,
        [switch]$TrustServerCertificate,
        [string]$WorkstationId,
        [string]$AppendConnectionString,
        [switch]$SqlConnectionOnly,
        [switch]$DisableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($DisableException) {
            $EnableException = $false
        } else {
            $EnableException = $true
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Connect-DbaServer
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaInstance

        $loadedSmoVersion = [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Where-Object {
            $_.Fullname -like "Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO,*"
        }

        if ($loadedSmoVersion) {
            $loadedSmoVersion = $loadedSmoVersion | ForEach-Object {
                if ($_.Location -match "__") {
                    ((Split-Path (Split-Path $_.Location) -Leaf) -split "__")[0]
                } else {
                    ((Get-ChildItem -Path $_.Location).VersionInfo.ProductVersion)
                }
            }
        }
        #'PrimaryFilePath' seems the culprit for slow SMO on databases
        $Fields2000_Db = 'Collation', 'CompatibilityLevel', 'CreateDate', 'ID', 'IsAccessible', 'IsFullTextEnabled', 'IsSystemObject', 'IsUpdateable', 'LastBackupDate', 'LastDifferentialBackupDate', 'LastLogBackupDate', 'Name', 'Owner', 'ReadOnly', 'RecoveryModel', 'ReplicationOptions', 'Status', 'Version'
        $Fields200x_Db = $Fields2000_Db + @('BrokerEnabled', 'DatabaseSnapshotBaseName', 'IsMirroringEnabled', 'Trustworthy')
        $Fields201x_Db = $Fields200x_Db + @('ActiveConnections', 'AvailabilityDatabaseSynchronizationState', 'AvailabilityGroupName', 'ContainmentType', 'EncryptionEnabled')

        $Fields2000_Login = 'CreateDate', 'DateLastModified', 'DefaultDatabase', 'DenyWindowsLogin', 'IsSystemObject', 'Language', 'LanguageAlias', 'LoginType', 'Name', 'Sid', 'WindowsLoginAccessType'
        $Fields200x_Login = $Fields2000_Login + @('AsymmetricKey', 'Certificate', 'Credential', 'ID', 'IsDisabled', 'IsLocked', 'IsPasswordExpired', 'MustChangePassword', 'PasswordExpirationEnabled', 'PasswordPolicyEnforced')
        $Fields201x_Login = $Fields200x_Login + @('PasswordHashAlgorithm')
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            #region Safely convert input into instance parameters
            if ($instance.GetType() -eq [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaInstanceParameter]) {
                [DbaInstanceParameter]$ConvertedSqlInstance = $instance
                if ($ConvertedSqlInstance.Type -like "SqlConnection") {
                    [DbaInstanceParameter]$ConvertedSqlInstance = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server($ConvertedSqlInstance.InputObject)
                }
            } else {
                [DbaInstanceParameter]$ConvertedSqlInstance = [DbaInstanceParameter]($instance | Select-Object -First 1)

                if ($instance.Count -gt 1) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -EnableException $true -Message "More than on server was specified when calling Connect-SqlInstance from $((Get-PSCallStack)[1].Command)"
                }
            }
            #endregion Safely convert input into instance parameters
            if ($instance.Type -like "Server") {
                if ($instance.InputObject.ConnectionContext.IsOpen -eq $false) {
                    $instance.InputObject.ConnectionContext.Connect()
                }
                if ($SqlConnectionOnly) {
                    return $instance.InputObject.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
                } else {
                    return $instance.InputObject
                }
            }
            if ($instance.Type -like "SqlConnection") {
                $server = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server($instance.InputObject)

                if ($server.ConnectionContext.IsOpen -eq $false) {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
                }
                if ($SqlConnectionOnly) {
                    return $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
                } else {
                    if (-not $server.ComputerName) {
                        if (-not $server.NetName -or $SqlInstance -match '\.') {
                            $parsedcomputername = $ConvertedSqlInstance.ComputerName
                        } else {
                            $parsedcomputername = $server.NetName
                        }
                        Add-Member -InputObject $server -NotePropertyName ComputerName -NotePropertyValue $parsedcomputername -Force
                    }
                    return $server
                }
            }

            if ($instance.IsConnectionString) {
                $server = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server($instance.InputObject)
            } else {
                $server = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server $instance.FullSmoName
            }

            if ($AppendConnectionString) {
                $connstring = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString = "$connstring;$appendconnectionstring"
                $server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
            } else {

                $server.ConnectionContext.ApplicationName = $ClientName

                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'AccessToken') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.AccessToken = $AccessToken
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'BatchSeparator') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.BatchSeparator = $BatchSeparator
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'ConnectTimeout') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectTimeout = $ConnectTimeout
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'Database') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.DatabaseName = $Database
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'EncryptConnection') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.EncryptConnection = $true
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'LockTimeout') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.LockTimeout = $LockTimeout
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'MaxPoolSize') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.MaxPoolSize = $MaxPoolSize
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'MinPoolSize') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.MinPoolSize = $MinPoolSize
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'MultipleActiveResultSets') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.MultipleActiveResultSets = $true
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'NetworkProtocol') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.NetworkProtocol = $NetworkProtocol
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'NonPooledConnection') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.NonPooledConnection = $true
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'PacketSize') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.PacketSize = $PacketSize
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'PooledConnectionLifetime') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.PooledConnectionLifetime = $PooledConnectionLifetime
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'StatementTimeout') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = $StatementTimeout
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'SqlExecutionModes') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.SqlExecutionModes = $SqlExecutionModes
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'TrustServerCertificate') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.TrustServerCertificate = $true
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'WorkstationId') {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.WorkstationId = $WorkstationId
                }

                $connstring = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'MultiSubnetFailover') {
                    $connstring = "$connstring;MultiSubnetFailover=True"
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'FailoverPartner') {
                    $connstring = "$connstring;Failover Partner=$FailoverPartner"
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'ApplicationIntent') {
                    $connstring = "$connstring;ApplicationIntent=$ApplicationIntent"
                }

                if ($connstring -ne $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString) {
                    $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString = $connstring
                }

                try {
                    if ($null -ne $SqlCredential.UserName) {
                        $username = ($SqlCredential.UserName).TrimStart("\")

                        # support both ad\username and username@ad
                        if ($username -like "*\*" -or $username -like "*@*") {
                            if ($username -like "*\*") {
                                $domain, $login = $username.Split("\")
                                $authtype = "Windows Authentication with Credential"
                                if ($domain) {
                                    $formatteduser = "$login@$domain"
                                } else {
                                    $formatteduser = $username.Split("\")[1]
                                }
                            } else {
                                $formatteduser = $SqlCredential.UserName
                            }

                            $server.ConnectionContext.LoginSecure = $true
                            $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUser = $true
                            $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUserName = $formatteduser
                            $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUserPassword = ($SqlCredential).GetNetworkCredential().Password
                        } else {
                            $authtype = "SQL Authentication"
                            $server.ConnectionContext.LoginSecure = $false
                            $server.ConnectionContext.set_Login($username)
                            $server.ConnectionContext.set_SecurePassword($SqlCredential.Password)
                        }
                    }

                    if ($NonPooled) {
                        $server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
                    } elseif ($authtype -eq "Windows Authentication with Credential") {
                        # Make it connect in a natural way, hard to explain.
                        $null = $server.Information.Version
                        if ($server.ConnectionContext.IsOpen -eq $false) {
                            $server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
                        }
                    } else {
                        $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject.Open()
                    }
                } catch {
                    $originalException = $_.Exception
                    try {
                        $message = $originalException.InnerException.InnerException.ToString()
                    } catch {
                        $message = $originalException.ToString()
                    }
                    $message = ($message -Split '-->')[0]
                    $message = ($message -Split 'at System.Data.SqlClient')[0]
                    $message = ($message -Split 'at System.Data.ProviderBase')[0]

                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($loadedSmoVersion -ge 11) {
                if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
                    # 2000
                    $initFieldsDb = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
                    [void]$initFieldsDb.AddRange($Fields2000_Db)
                    $initFieldsLogin = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
                    [void]$initFieldsLogin.AddRange($Fields2000_Login)
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database], $initFieldsDb)
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login], $initFieldsLogin)
                } elseif ($server.VersionMajor -eq 9 -or $server.VersionMajor -eq 10) {
                    # 2005 and 2008
                    $initFieldsDb = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
                    [void]$initFieldsDb.AddRange($Fields200x_Db)
                    $initFieldsLogin = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
                    [void]$initFieldsLogin.AddRange($Fields200x_Login)
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database], $initFieldsDb)
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login], $initFieldsLogin)
                } else {
                    # 2012 and above
                    $initFieldsDb = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
                    [void]$initFieldsDb.AddRange($Fields201x_Db)
                    $initFieldsLogin = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
                    [void]$initFieldsLogin.AddRange($Fields201x_Login)
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database], $initFieldsDb)
                    $server.SetDefaultInitFields([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login], $initFieldsLogin)
                }
            }

            if ($SqlConnectionOnly) {
                return $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            } else {
                if (-not $server.ComputerName) {
                    if (-not $server.NetName -or $SqlInstance -match '\.') {
                        $parsedcomputername = $ConvertedSqlInstance.ComputerName
                    } else {
                        $parsedcomputername = $server.NetName
                    }
                    Add-Member -InputObject $server -NotePropertyName ComputerName -NotePropertyValue $parsedcomputername -Force
                }
            }
            $server
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function ConvertTo-DbaDataTable {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a DataTable for an object.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a DataTable based on an object's properties. This allows you to easily write to SQL Server tables.

        Thanks to Chad Miller, this is based on his script. https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/4208a159-a52e-4b99-83d4-8048468d29dd

        If the attempt to convert to data table fails, try the -Raw parameter for less accurate datatype detection.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        The object to transform into a DataTable.

    .PARAMETER TimeSpanType
        Specifies the type to convert TimeSpan objects into. Default is 'TotalMilliseconds'. Valid options are: 'Ticks', 'TotalDays', 'TotalHours', 'TotalMinutes', 'TotalSeconds', 'TotalMilliseconds', and 'String'.

    .PARAMETER SizeType
        Specifies the type to convert DbaSize objects to. Default is 'Int64'. Valid options are 'Int32', 'Int64', and 'String'.

    .PARAMETER IgnoreNull
        If this switch is enabled, objects with null values will be ignored (empty rows will be added by default).

    .PARAMETER Raw
        If this switch is enabled, the DataTable will be created with strings. No attempt will be made to parse/determine data types.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DataTable, Table, Data
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io/
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/ConvertTo-DbaDataTable

    .OUTPUTS
        System.Object[]

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-Service | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable

        Creates a DataTable from the output of Get-Service.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> ConvertTo-DbaDataTable -InputObject $csv.cheesetypes

        Creates a DataTable from the CSV object $csv.cheesetypes.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $dblist | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable

        Creates a DataTable from the $dblist object passed in via pipeline.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-Process | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable -TimeSpanType TotalSeconds

        Creates a DataTable with the running processes and converts any TimeSpan property to TotalSeconds.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    [OutputType([System.Object[]])]
    param (
        [Parameter(Position = 0,
            Mandatory,
            ValueFromPipeline)]
        [AllowNull()]
        [PSObject[]]$InputObject,
        [Parameter(Position = 1)]
        [ValidateSet("Ticks",
            "TotalDays",
            "TotalHours",
            "TotalMinutes",
            "TotalSeconds",
            "TotalMilliseconds",
            "String")]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$TimeSpanType = "TotalMilliseconds",
        [ValidateSet("Int64", "Int32", "String")]
        [string]$SizeType = "Int64",
        [switch]$IgnoreNull,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "TimeSpanType = $TimeSpanType | SizeType = $SizeType"
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Alias Out-DbaDataTable

        function Convert-Type {
            # This function will check so that the type is an accepted type which could be used when inserting into a table.
            # If a type is accepted (included in the $type array) then it will be passed on, otherwise it will first change type before passing it on.
            # Special types will have both their types converted as well as the value.
            # TimeSpan is a special type and will be converted into the $timespantype. (default: TotalMilliseconds) so that the timespan can be stored in a database further down the line.
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $type,
                $value,
                $timespantype = 'TotalMilliseconds',
                $sizetype = 'Int64'
            )

            $types = [System.Collections.ArrayList]@(
                'System.Int32',
                'System.UInt32',
                'System.Int16',
                'System.UInt16',
                'System.Int64',
                'System.UInt64',
                'System.Decimal',
                'System.Single',
                'System.Double',
                'System.Byte',
                'System.SByte',
                'System.Boolean',
                'System.DateTime',
                'System.Guid',
                'System.Char'
            )

            # The $special variable is used to mark the return value if a conversion was made on the value itself.
            # If this is set to true the original value will later be ignored when updating the DataTable.
            # And the value returned from this function will be used instead. (cannot modify existing properties)
            $special = $false
            $specialType = ""

            # Special types need to be converted in some way.
            # This attempt is to convert timespan into something that works in a table.
            # I couldn't decide on what to convert it to so the user can decide.
            # If the parameter is not used, TotalMilliseconds will be used as default.
            # Ticks are more accurate but I think milliseconds are more useful most of the time.
            if (($type -eq 'System.TimeSpan') -or ($type -eq 'Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaTimeSpan') -or ($type -eq 'Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaTimeSpanPretty')) {
                $special = $true
                if ($timespantype -eq 'String') {
                    $value = $value.ToString()
                    $type = 'System.String'
                } else {
                    # Let's use Int64 for all other types than string.
                    # We could match the type more closely with the timespantype but that can be added in the future if needed.
                    $value = $value.$timespantype
                    $type = 'System.Int64'
                }
                $specialType = 'Timespan'
            } elseif ($type -eq 'Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.Size') {
                $special = $true
                switch ($sizetype) {
                    'Int64' {
                        $value = $value.Byte
                        $type = 'System.Int64'
                    }
                    'Int32' {
                        $value = $value.Byte
                        $type = 'System.Int32'
                    }
                    'String' {
                        $value = $value.ToString()
                        $type = 'System.String'
                    }
                }
                $specialType = 'Size'
            } elseif (-not ($type -in $types)) {
                # All types which are not found in the array will be converted into strings.
                # In this way we don't ignore it completely and it will be clear in the end why it looks as it does.
                $type = 'System.String'
            }

            # return a hashtable instead of an object. I like hashtables :)
            return @{ type = $type; Value = $value; Special = $special; SpecialType = $specialType }
        }

        function Convert-SpecialType {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Converts a value for a known column.

            .DESCRIPTION
                Converts a value for a known column.

            .PARAMETER Value
                The value to convert

            .PARAMETER Type
                The special type for which to convert

            .PARAMETER SizeType
                The size type defined by the user

            .PARAMETER TimeSpanType
                The timespan type defined by the user
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $Value,
                [ValidateSet('Timespan', 'Size')]
                [string]$Type,
                [string]$SizeType,
                [string]$TimeSpanType
            )

            switch ($Type) {
                'Size' {
                    if ($SizeType -eq 'String') { return $Value.ToString() }
                    else { return $Value.Byte }
                }
                'Timespan' {
                    if ($TimeSpanType -eq 'String') {
                        $Value.ToString()
                    } else {
                        $Value.$TimeSpanType
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Add-Column {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Adds a column to the datatable in progress.

            .DESCRIPTION
                Adds a column to the datatable in progress.

            .PARAMETER Property
                The property for which to add a column.

            .PARAMETER DataTable
                Autofilled. The table for which to add a column.

            .PARAMETER TimeSpanType
                Autofilled. How should timespans be handled?

            .PARAMETER SizeType
                Autofilled. How should sizes be handled?

            .PARAMETER Raw
                Autofilled. Whether the column should be string, no matter the input.
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [System.Management.Automation.PSPropertyInfo]$Property,
                [System.Data.DataTable]$DataTable = $datatable,
                [string]$TimeSpanType = $TimeSpanType,
                [string]$SizeType = $SizeType,
                [bool]$Raw = $Raw
            )

            $type = $property.TypeNameOfValue
            try {
                if ($Property.MemberType -like 'ScriptProperty') {
                    $type = $Property.GetType().FullName
                }
            } catch { $type = 'System.String' }

            $converted = Convert-Type -type $type -value $property.Value -timespantype $TimeSpanType -sizetype $SizeType

            $column = New-Object System.Data.DataColumn
            $column.ColumnName = $property.Name.ToString()
            if (-not $Raw) {
                $column.DataType = [System.Type]::GetType($converted.type)
            }
            $null = $DataTable.Columns.Add($column)
            $converted
        }

        $datatable = New-Object System.Data.DataTable

        # Accelerate subsequent lookups of columns and special type columns
        $columns = @()
        $specialColumns = @()
        $specialColumnsType = @{ }

        $ShouldCreateColumns = $true
    }

    process {
        #region Handle null objects
        if ($null -eq $InputObject) {
            if (-not $IgnoreNull) {
                $datarow = $datatable.NewRow()
                $datatable.Rows.Add($datarow)
            }

            # Only ends the current process block
            return
        }
        #endregion Handle null objects


        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
            #region Handle null objects
            if ($null -eq $object) {
                if (-not $IgnoreNull) {
                    $datarow = $datatable.NewRow()
                    $datatable.Rows.Add($datarow)
                }
                continue
            }
            #endregion Handle null objects

            #Handle rows already being System.Data.DataRow
            if ($object.GetType().FullName -eq 'System.Data.DataRow') {
                if ($ShouldCreateColumns) {
                    $datatable = $object.Table.Copy()
                    $ShouldCreateColumns = $false
                }
                continue
            }

            # The new row to insert
            $datarow = $datatable.NewRow()

            #region Process Properties
            $objectProperties = $object.PSObject.Properties
            foreach ($property in $objectProperties) {
                #region Create Columns as needed
                if ($ShouldCreateColumns) {
                    $newColumn = Add-Column -Property $property
                    $columns += $property.Name
                    if ($newColumn.Special) {
                        $specialColumns += $property.Name
                        $specialColumnsType[$property.Name] = $newColumn.SpecialType
                    }
                }
                #endregion Create Columns as needed

                # Handle null properties, as well as properties with access errors
                try {
                    $propValueLength = $property.value.length
                } catch {
                    $propValueLength = 0
                }

                #region Insert value into column of row
                if ($propValueLength -gt 0) {
                    # If the typename was a special typename we want to use the value returned from Convert-Type instead.
                    # We might get error if we try to change the value for $property.value if it is read-only. That's why we use $converted.value instead.
                    if ($property.Name -in $specialColumns) {
                        $datarow.Item($property.Name) = Convert-SpecialType -Value $property.value -Type $specialColumnsType[$property.Name] -SizeType $SizeType -TimeSpanType $TimeSpanType
                    } else {
                        if ($property.value.ToString().length -eq 15) {
                            if ($property.value.ToString() -eq 'System.Object[]') {
                                $value = $property.value -join ", "
                            } elseif ($property.value.ToString() -eq 'System.String[]') {
                                $value = $property.value -join ", "
                            } else {
                                $value = $property.value
                            }
                        } else {
                            $value = $property.value
                        }

                        try {
                            $datarow.Item($property.Name) = $value
                        } catch {
                            if ($property.Name -notin $columns) {
                                try {
                                    $newColumn = Add-Column -Property $property
                                    $columns += $property.Name
                                    if ($newColumn.Special) {
                                        $specialColumns += $property.Name
                                        $specialColumnsType[$property.Name] = $newColumn.SpecialType
                                    }

                                    $datarow.Item($property.Name) = $newColumn.Value
                                } catch {
                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to add property $($property.Name) from $object" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $object
                                }
                            } else {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to add property $($property.Name) from $object" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $object
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                #endregion Insert value into column of row
            }

            $datatable.Rows.Add($datarow)
            # If this is the first non-null object then the columns has just been created.
            # Set variable to false to skip creating columns from now on.
            if ($ShouldCreateColumns) {
                $ShouldCreateColumns = $false
            }
            #endregion Process Properties
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Finished."
        , $datatable
    }
}
function ConvertTo-DbaTimeline {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Converts InputObject to a html timeline using Google Chart

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function accepts input as pipeline from the following dbatools functions:
        Get-DbaAgentJobHistory
        Get-DbaBackupHistory
        (more to come...)
        And generates Bootstrap based, HTML file with Google Chart Timeline

    .PARAMETER InputObject

        Pipe input, must an output from the above functions.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Chart
        Author: Marcin Gminski (@marcingminski)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Dependency: ConvertTo-JsDate, Convert-DbaTimelineStatusColor

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/ConvertTo-DbaTimeline

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance sql-1 -StartDate '2018-08-13 00:00' -EndDate '2018-08-13 23:59' -ExcludeJobSteps | ConvertTo-DbaTimeline | Out-File C:\temp\DbaAgentJobHistory.html -Encoding ASCII

        Creates an output file containing a pretty timeline for all of the agent job history results for sql-1 the whole day of 2018-08-13

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlcm | Get-DbaBackupHistory -Since '2018-08-13 00:00' | ConvertTo-DbaTimeline | Out-File C:\temp\DbaBackupHistory.html -Encoding ASCII

        Creates an output file containing a pretty timeline for the agent job history since 2018-08-13 for all of the registered servers on sqlcm

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $messageParameters = @{
        >> Subject = "Backup history for sql2017 and sql2016"
        >> Body = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2017, sql2016 -Since '2018-08-13 00:00' | ConvertTo-DbaTimeline
        >> From = "[email protected]"
        >> To = "[email protected]"
        >> SmtpServer = "smtp.ad.local"
        >> }
        >>
        PS C:\> Send-MailMessage @messageParameters -BodyAsHtml

        Sends an email to [email protected] with the results of Get-DbaBackupHistory. Note that viewing these reports may not be supported in all email clients.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $body = $servers = @()
        $begin = @"
<html>
<head>
<!-- Developed by Marcin Gminski, https://marcin.gminski.net, 2018 -->
<!-- Load jQuery required to autosize timeline -->
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.min.js" integrity="sha256-FgpCb/KJQlLNfOu91ta32o/NMZxltwRo8QtmkMRdAu8=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- Load Bootstrap -->
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" integrity="sha384-rHyoN1iRsVXV4nD0JutlnGaslCJuC7uwjduW9SVrLvRYooPp2bWYgmgJQIXwl/Sp" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- Load Google Charts library -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
<!-- a bit of custom styling to work with bootstrap grid -->
<style>

    html,body{height:100%;background-color:#c2c2c2;}
    .viewport {height:100%}

    .chart{
        background-color:#fff;
        text-align:left;
        padding:0;
        border:1px solid #7D7D7D;
        -webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.45);
        -moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.45);
        box-shadow:1px 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.45)
    }
    .badge-custom{background-color:#939}
    .container {
        height:100%;
    }
    .fill{
        width:100%;
        height:100%;
        min-height:100%;
        padding:10px;
    }
    .timeline-tooltip{
        border:1px solid #E0E0E0;
        font-family:Arial,Helvetica;
        font-size:10pt;
        padding:12px
    }
    .timeline-tooltip div{padding:6px}
    .timeline-tooltip span{font-weight:700}
</style>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    google.charts.load('43', {'packages':['timeline']});
    google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);
    function drawChart() {
        var container = document.getElementById('Chart');
        var chart = new google.visualization.Timeline(container);
        var dataTable = new google.visualization.DataTable();
        dataTable.addColumn({type: 'string', id: 'vLabel'});
        dataTable.addColumn({type: 'string', id: 'hLabel'});
        dataTable.addColumn({type: 'string', role: 'style' });
        dataTable.addColumn({type: 'date', id: 'date_start'});
        dataTable.addColumn({type: 'date', id: 'date_end'});

        dataTable.addRows([
"@
    }

    process {
        # create server list to support multiple servers
        if ($InputObject[0].SqlInstance -notin $servers) {
            $servers += $InputObject[0].SqlInstance
        }
        # This is where do column mapping.

        # Check for types - this will help support if someone assigns a variable then pipes
        # AgentJobHistory is a forced type while backuphistory is a legit type
        if ($InputObject[0].TypeName -eq 'AgentJobHistory') {
            $CallerName = "Get-DbaAgentJobHistory"
            $data = $InputObject | Select-Object @{ Name = "SqlInstance"; Expression = { $_.SqlInstance } }, @{ Name = "InstanceName"; Expression = { $_.InstanceName } }, @{ Name = "vLabel"; Expression = { $_.Job -replace "\'", ''} }, @{ Name = "hLabel"; Expression = { $_.Status } }, @{ Name = "Style"; Expression = { $(Convert-DbaTimelineStatusColor($_.Status)) } }, @{ Name = "StartDate"; Expression = { $(ConvertTo-JsDate($_.StartDate)) } }, @{ Name = "EndDate"; Expression = { $(ConvertTo-JsDate($_.EndDate)) } }

        } elseif ($InputObject[0] -is [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Database.BackupHistory]) {
            $CallerName = "Get-DbaBackupHistory"
            $data = $InputObject | Select-Object @{ Name = "SqlInstance"; Expression = { $_.SqlInstance } }, @{ Name = "InstanceName"; Expression = { $_.InstanceName } }, @{ Name = "vLabel"; Expression = { $_.Database } }, @{ Name = "hLabel"; Expression = { $_.Type } }, @{ Name = "StartDate"; Expression = { $(ConvertTo-JsDate($_.Start)) } }, @{ Name = "EndDate"; Expression = { $(ConvertTo-JsDate($_.End)) } }
        } else {
            # sorry to be so formal, can't help it ;)
            Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported input data. To request support for additional commands, please file an issue at dbatools.io/issues and we'll take a look"
            return
        }
        $body += "$($data | ForEach-Object{ "['$($_.vLabel)','$($_.hLabel)','$($_.Style)',$($_.StartDate), $($_.EndDate)]," })"
    }
    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        $end = @"
]);
        var paddingHeight = 20;
        var rowHeight = dataTable.getNumberOfRows() * 41;
        var chartHeight = rowHeight + paddingHeight;
        dataTable.insertColumn(2, {type: 'string', role: 'tooltip', p: {html: true}});
        var dateFormat = new google.visualization.DateFormat({
          pattern: 'dd/MM/yy HH:mm:ss'
        });
        for (var i = 0; i < dataTable.getNumberOfRows(); i++) {
          var duration = (dataTable.getValue(i, 5).getTime() - dataTable.getValue(i, 4).getTime()) / 1000;
          var hours = parseInt( duration / 3600 ) % 24;
          var minutes = parseInt( duration / 60 ) % 60;
          var seconds = duration % 60;
          var tooltip = '<div class="timeline-tooltip"><span>' +
            dataTable.getValue(i, 1).split(",").join("<br />")  + '</span></div><div class="timeline-tooltip"><span>' +
            dataTable.getValue(i, 0) + '</span>: ' +
            dateFormat.formatValue(dataTable.getValue(i, 4)) + ' - ' +
            dateFormat.formatValue(dataTable.getValue(i, 5)) + '</div>' +
            '<div class="timeline-tooltip"><span>Duration: </span>' +
            hours + 'h ' + minutes + 'm ' + seconds + 's ';
          dataTable.setValue(i, 2, tooltip);
        }
        var options = {
            timeline: {
                rowLabelStyle: { },
                barLabelStyle: { },
            },
            hAxis: {
                format: 'dd/MM HH:mm',
            },
        }
        // Autosize chart. It would not be enough to just count rows and expand based on row height as there can be overlapping rows.
        // this will draw the chart, get the size of the underlying div and apply that size to the parent container and redraw:
        chart.draw(dataTable, options);
        // get the size of the chold div:
        var realheight= parseInt(`$("#Chart div:first-child div:first-child div:first-child div svg").attr( "height"))+70;
        // set the height:
        options.height=realheight
        // draw again:
        chart.draw(dataTable, options);
    }
</script>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="pull-left"><h3><code>$($CallerName)</code> timeline for server <code>$($servers -join ', ')</code></h3></div><div class="pull-right text-right"><img class="text-right" style="vertical-align:bottom; margin-top: 10px;" src="https://dbatools.io/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/dbatools-logo-1.png" width=150></div>
         <div class="clearfix"></div>
         <div class="col-12">
            <div class="chart" id="Chart"></div>
         </div>
         <hr>
    <p><a href="https://dbatools.io">dbatools.io</a> - the community's sql powershell module. Find us on Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/psdbatools">@psdbatools</a> | Chart by <a href="https://twitter.com/marcingminski">@marcingminski</a></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
"@
        $begin, $body, $end
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function ConvertTo-DbaXESession {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Uses a slightly modified version of sp_SQLskills_ConvertTraceToExtendedEvents.sql to convert Traces to Extended Events.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Uses a slightly modified version of sp_SQLskills_ConvertTraceToExtendedEvents.sql to convert Traces to Extended Events.

        T-SQL code by: Jonathan M. Kehayias, SQLskills.com. T-SQL can be found in this module directory and at
        https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/jonathan/converting-sql-trace-to-extended-events-in-sql-server-2012/

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Specifies a Trace object output by Get-DbaTrace.

    .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the Trace to convert. If the name exists, characters will be appended to it.

    .PARAMETER OutputScriptOnly
        Outputs the T-SQL script to create the XE session and does not execute it.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Trace, ExtendedEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2017, sql2012 | Where Id -eq 2 | ConvertTo-DbaXESession -Name 'Test'

        Converts Trace with ID 2 to a Session named Test on SQL Server instances named sql2017 and sql2012 and creates the Session on each respective server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2014 | Out-GridView -PassThru | ConvertTo-DbaXESession -Name 'Test' | Start-DbaXESession

        Converts selected traces on sql2014 to sessions, creates the session, and starts it.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2014 | Where Id -eq 1 | ConvertTo-DbaXESession -Name 'Test' -OutputScriptOnly

        Converts trace ID 1 on sql2014 to an Extended Event and outputs the resulting T-SQL.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Name,
        [switch]$OutputScriptOnly,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $rawsql = Get-Content "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\sp_SQLskills_ConvertTraceToEEs.sql" -Raw
    }
    process {
        foreach ($trace in $InputObject) {
            if (-not $trace.id -and -not $trace.Parent) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Input is of the wrong type. Use Get-DbaTrace." -Continue
                return
            }

            $server = $trace.Parent

            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 11) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server version 2012+ required - $server not supported."
                return
            }

            $tempdb = $server.Databases['tempdb']
            $traceid = $trace.id

            if ((Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server -Session $PSBoundParameters.Name)) {
                $oldname = $name
                $Name = "$name-$traceid"
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "XE Session $oldname already exists on $server, trying $name."
            }

            if ((Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server -Session $Name)) {
                $oldname = $name
                $Name = "$name-$(Get-Random)"
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "XE Session $oldname already exists on $server, trying $name."
            }

            $sql = $rawsql.Replace("--TRACEID--", $traceid)
            $sql = $sql.Replace("--SESSIONNAME--", $name)

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Executing SQL in tempdb."
                $results = $tempdb.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows.SqlString
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating, dropping or executing sp_SQLskills_ConvertTraceToExtendedEvents in tempdb on $server." -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            $results = $results -join "`r`n"

            if ($OutputScriptOnly) {
                $results
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating XE Session $name."
                try {
                    $tempdb.ExecuteNonQuery($results)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating extended event $name on $server." -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_
                }
                Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server -Session $name
            }
        }
    }
}
function Copy-DbaAgentAlert {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaAgentAlert migrates alerts from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all alerts are copied. The -Alert parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific alerts.

        If the alert already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Alert
        The alert(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all alerts will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeAlert
        The alert(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER IncludeDefaults
        Copy SQL Agent defaults such as FailSafeEmailAddress, ForwardingServer, and PagerSubjectTemplate.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Alert will be dropped and recreated on Destination.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Agent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentAlert

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentAlert -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all alerts from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If alerts with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentAlert -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Alert PSAlert -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force

        Copies a only the alert named PSAlert from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If an alert with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentAlert -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    #>
    [cmdletbinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Alert,
        [object[]]$ExcludeAlert,
        [switch]$IncludeDefaults,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
            $serverAlerts = $sourceServer.JobServer.Alerts
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            $destAlerts = $destServer.JobServer.Alerts

            if ($IncludeDefaults -eq $true) {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating Alert Defaults")) {
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                        DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                        Name              = "Alert Defaults"
                        Type              = "Alert Defaults"
                        Status            = $null
                        Notes             = $null
                        DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Creating Alert Defaults" -Level Verbose
                        $sql = $sourceServer.JobServer.AlertSystem.Script() | Out-String
                        $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destinstance'"

                        Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                        $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                        $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    } catch {
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating alert defaults." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue
                    }
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
            }

            foreach ($serverAlert in $serverAlerts) {
                $alertName = $serverAlert.name
                $copyAgentAlertStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $alertName
                    Type              = "Agent Alert"
                    Notes             = $null
                    Status            = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }
                if (($Alert -and $Alert -notcontains $alertName) -or ($ExcludeAlert -and $ExcludeAlert -contains $alertName)) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destAlerts.name -contains $serverAlert.name) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Alert [$alertName] exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate.")) {
                            $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyAgentAlertStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Message "Alert [$alertName] exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate." -Level Verbose
                        }
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping alert $alertName and recreating")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Message "Dropping Alert $alertName on $destServer." -Level Verbose

                            $sql = "EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_delete_alert @name = N'$($alertname)';"
                            Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                            $null = $destServer.Query($sql)
                            $destAlerts.Refresh()
                        } catch {
                            $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping/recreating alert" -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($destAlerts | Where-Object { $_.Severity -eq $serverAlert.Severity -and $_.MessageID -eq $serverAlert.MessageID -and $_.DatabaseName -eq $serverAlert.DatabaseName -and $_.EventDescriptionKeyword -eq $serverAlert.EventDescriptionKeyword }) {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Checking for conflicts")) {
                        $conflictMessage = "Alert [$alertName] has already been defined to use"
                        if ($serverAlert.Severity -gt 0) { $conflictMessage += " severity $($serverAlert.Severity)" }
                        if ($serverAlert.MessageID -gt 0) { $conflictMessage += " error number $($serverAlert.MessageID)" }
                        if ($serverAlert.DatabaseName) { $conflictMessage += " on database '$($serverAlert.DatabaseName)'" }
                        if ($serverAlert.EventDescriptionKeyword) { $conflictMessage += " with error text '$($serverAlert.Severity)'" }
                        $conflictMessage += ". Skipping."

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message $conflictMessage
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus.Notes = $conflictMessage
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }
                    continue
                }
                if ($serverAlert.JobName -and $destServer.JobServer.Jobs.Name -NotContains $serverAlert.JobName) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Alert [$alertName] has job [$($serverAlert.JobName)] configured as response. The job does not exist on destination $destServer. Skipping."
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Checking for conflicts")) {
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }
                    continue
                }

                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating Alert $alertName")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Copying Alert $alertName" -Level Verbose
                        $sql = $serverAlert.Script() | Out-String
                        $sql = $sql -replace "@job_id=N'........-....-....-....-............", "@job_id=N'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"

                        Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                        $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                        $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating alert" -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue
                    }
                }

                $destServer.JobServer.Alerts.Refresh()
                $destServer.JobServer.Jobs.Refresh()

                $newAlert = $destServer.JobServer.Alerts[$alertName]
                $notifications = $serverAlert.EnumNotifications()
                $jobName = $serverAlert.JobName

                # JobId = 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000 means the Alert does not execute/is attached to a SQL Agent Job.
                if ($serverAlert.JobId -ne '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000') {
                    $copyAgentAlertStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                        DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                        Name              = $alertName
                        Type              = "Agent Alert Job Association"
                        Notes             = "Associated with $jobName"
                        Status            = $null
                        DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Adding $alertName to $jobName")) {
                        try {
                            <# THERE needs to be validation within this block to see if the $jobName actually exists on the source server. #>
                            Write-Message -Message "Adding $alertName to $jobName" -Level Verbose
                            $newJob = $destServer.JobServer.Jobs[$jobName]
                            $newJobId = ($newJob.JobId) -replace " ", ""
                            $sql = $sql -replace '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000', $newJobId
                            $sql = $sql -replace 'sp_add_alert', 'sp_update_alert'

                            Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                            $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                            $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Successful"
                            $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        } catch {
                            $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue adding alert to job" -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Moving Notifications $alertName")) {
                    try {
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                            SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                            DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                            Name              = $alertName
                            Type              = "Agent Alert Notification"
                            Notes             = $null
                            Status            = $null
                            DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                        }
                        # can't add them this way, we need to modify the existing one or give all options that are supported.
                        foreach ($notify in $notifications) {
                            $notifyCollection = @()
                            if ($notify.UseNetSend -eq $true) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Adding net send" -Level Verbose
                                $notifyCollection += "NetSend"
                            }

                            if ($notify.UseEmail -eq $true) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Adding email" -Level Verbose
                                $notifyCollection += "NotifyEmail"
                            }

                            if ($notify.UsePager -eq $true) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Adding pager" -Level Verbose
                                $notifyCollection += "Pager"
                            }

                            $notifyMethods = $notifyCollection -join ", "
                            $newAlert.AddNotification($notify.OperatorName, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.NotifyMethods]$notifyMethods)
                        }
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyAgentAlertStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue moving notifications for the alert" -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlAlert
    }
}
function Copy-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaAgentJob migrates jobs from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all jobs are copied. The -Job parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific jobs.

        If the job already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The job(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
        The job(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER DisableOnSource
        If this switch is enabled, the job will be disabled on the source server.

    .PARAMETER DisableOnDestination
        If this switch is enabled, the newly migrated job will be disabled on the destination server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Job will be dropped and recreated on Destination.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Agent, Job
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentJob

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentJob -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all jobs from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials. If jobs with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentJob -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Job PSJob -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force

        Copies a single job, the PSJob job from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If a job with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentJob -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    #>
    [cmdletbinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [switch]$DisableOnSource,
        [switch]$DisableOnDestination,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }

        $serverJobs = $sourceServer.JobServer.Jobs
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            $destJobs = $destServer.JobServer.Jobs

            foreach ($serverJob in $serverJobs) {
                $jobName = $serverJob.name
                $jobId = $serverJob.JobId

                $copyJobStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $jobName
                    Type              = "Agent Job"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($Job -and $jobName -notin $Job -or $jobName -in $ExcludeJob) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job [$jobName] filtered. Skipping."
                    continue
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Working on job: $jobName" -Level Verbose
                $sql = "
                SELECT sp.[name] AS MaintenancePlanName
                FROM msdb.dbo.sysmaintplan_plans AS sp
                INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.sysmaintplan_subplans AS sps
                    ON sps.plan_id = sp.id
                WHERE job_id = '$($jobId)'"
                Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug

                $MaintenancePlanName = $sourceServer.Query($sql).MaintenancePlanName

                if ($MaintenancePlanName) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Job [$jobName] is associated with Maintenance Plan: $MaintenancePlanNam")) {
                        $copyJobStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyJobStatus.Notes = "Job is associated with maintenance plan"
                        $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job [$jobName] is associated with Maintenance Plan: $MaintenancePlanName"
                    }
                    continue
                }

                $dbNames = ($serverJob.JobSteps | where-object {$_.SubSystem -ne 'ActiveScripting'}).DatabaseName | Where-Object { $_.Length -gt 0 }
                $missingDb = $dbNames | Where-Object { $destServer.Databases.Name -notcontains $_ }

                if ($missingDb.Count -gt 0 -and $dbNames.Count -gt 0) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Database(s) $missingDb doesn't exist on destination. Skipping job [$jobName].")) {
                        $missingDb = ($missingDb | Sort-Object | Get-Unique) -join ", "
                        $copyJobStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyJobStatus.Notes = "Job is dependent on database: $missingDb"
                        $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database(s) $missingDb doesn't exist on destination. Skipping job [$jobName]."
                    }
                    continue
                }

                $missingLogin = $serverJob.OwnerLoginName | Where-Object { $destServer.Logins.Name -notcontains $_ }

                if ($missingLogin.Count -gt 0) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Login(s) $missingLogin doesn't exist on destination. Use -Force to set owner to [sa]. Skipping job [$jobName].")) {
                            $missingLogin = ($missingLogin | Sort-Object | Get-Unique) -join ", "
                            $copyJobStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyJobStatus.Notes = "Job is dependent on login $missingLogin"
                            $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Login(s) $missingLogin doesn't exist on destination. Use -Force to set owner to [sa]. Skipping job [$jobName]."
                        }
                        continue
                    }
                }

                $proxyNames = ($serverJob.JobSteps | Where-Object ProxyName).ProxyName
                $missingProxy = $proxyNames | Where-Object { $destServer.JobServer.ProxyAccounts.Name -notcontains $_ }

                if ($missingProxy -and $proxyNames) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Proxy Account(s) $missingProxy doesn't exist on destination. Skipping job [$jobName].")) {
                        $missingProxy = ($missingProxy | Sort-Object | Get-Unique) -join ", "
                        $copyJobStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyJobStatus.Notes = "Job is dependent on proxy $missingProxy"
                        $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Proxy Account(s) $missingProxy doesn't exist on destination. Skipping job [$jobName]."
                    }
                    continue
                }

                $operators = $serverJob.OperatorToEmail, $serverJob.OperatorToNetSend, $serverJob.OperatorToPage | Where-Object { $_.Length -gt 0 }
                $missingOperators = $operators | Where-Object { $destServer.JobServer.Operators.Name -notcontains $_ }

                if ($missingOperators.Count -gt 0 -and $operators.Count -gt 0) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Operator(s) $($missingOperator) doesn't exist on destination. Skipping job [$jobName]")) {
                        $missingOperator = ($operators | Sort-Object | Get-Unique) -join ", "
                        $copyJobStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyJobStatus.Notes = "Job is dependent on operator $missingOperator"
                        $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Operator(s) $($missingOperator) doesn't exist on destination. Skipping job [$jobName]"
                    }
                    continue
                }

                if ($destJobs.name -contains $serverJob.name) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Job $jobName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate.")) {
                            $copyJobStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyJobStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job $jobName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        }
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping job $jobName and recreating")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Message "Dropping Job $jobName" -Level Verbose
                                $destServer.JobServer.Jobs[$jobName].Drop()
                            } catch {
                                $copyJobStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyJobStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_).Message
                                $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping job" -Target $jobName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating Job $jobName")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Copying Job $jobName" -Level Verbose
                        $sql = $serverJob.Script() | Out-String

                        if ($missingLogin.Count -gt 0 -and $force) {
                            $saLogin = Get-SqlSaLogin -SqlInstance $destServer
                            $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("@owner_login_name=N'$missingLogin'"), [Regex]::Escape("@owner_login_name=N'$saLogin'")
                        }

                        Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                        $destServer.Query($sql)

                        $destServer.JobServer.Jobs.Refresh()
                        $destServer.JobServer.Jobs[$serverJob.name].IsEnabled = $sourceServer.JobServer.Jobs[$serverJob.name].IsEnabled
                        $destServer.JobServer.Jobs[$serverJob.name].Alter()
                    } catch {
                        $copyJobStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyJobStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                        $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying job" -Target $jobName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }

                if ($DisableOnDestination) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Disabling $jobName")) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Disabling $jobName on $destinstance" -Level Verbose
                        $destServer.JobServer.Jobs[$serverJob.name].IsEnabled = $False
                        $destServer.JobServer.Jobs[$serverJob.name].Alter()
                    }
                }

                if ($DisableOnSource) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($source, "Disabling $jobName")) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Disabling $jobName on $source" -Level Verbose
                        $serverJob.IsEnabled = $false
                        $serverJob.Alter()
                    }
                }
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Reporting status of migration for $jobname")) {
                    $copyJobStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyJobStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlJob
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Copy-DbaAgentJobCategory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaAgentJobCategory migrates SQL Agent categories from one SQL Server to another. This is similar to sp_add_category.

        https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms181597.aspx

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all SQL Agent categories for Jobs, Operators and Alerts are copied.

        The -OperatorCategories parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific operator categories.
        The -AgentCategories parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific agent categories.
        The -JobCategories parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific job categories.

        If the category already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER CategoryType
        Specifies the Category Type to migrate. Valid options are "Job", "Alert" and "Operator". When CategoryType is specified, all categories from the selected type will be migrated. For granular migrations, use the three parameters below.

    .PARAMETER OperatorCategory
        This parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific operator categories.

    .PARAMETER AgentCategory
        This parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific agent categories.

    .PARAMETER JobCategory
        This parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific job categories.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Category will be dropped and recreated on Destination.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Agent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentJobCategory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentJobCategory -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all operator categories from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows authentication. If operator categories with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentJobCategory -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -OperatorCategory PSOperator -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force

        Copies a single operator category, the PSOperator operator category from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials to authenticate to sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If an operator category with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentJobCategory -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'SpecificAlerts')]
        [ValidateSet('Job', 'Alert', 'Operator')]
        [string[]]$CategoryType,
        [string[]]$JobCategory,
        [string[]]$AgentCategory,
        [string[]]$OperatorCategory,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Copy-DbaAgentCategory
        function Copy-JobCategory {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Copy-JobCategory migrates job categories from one SQL Server to another.

                .DESCRIPTION
                    By default, all job categories are copied. The -JobCategories parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific job categories.

                    If the associated credential for the category does not exist on the destination, it will be skipped. If the job category already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
            #>
            param (
                [string[]]$jobCategories
            )

            process {

                $serverJobCategories = $sourceServer.JobServer.JobCategories | Where-Object ID -ge 100
                $destJobCategories = $destServer.JobServer.JobCategories | Where-Object ID -ge 100

                foreach ($jobCategory in $serverJobCategories) {
                    $categoryName = $jobCategory.Name

                    $copyJobCategoryStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                        DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                        Name              = $categoryName
                        Type              = "Agent Job Category"
                        Status            = $null
                        Notes             = $null
                        DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }

                    if ($jobCategories.Count -gt 0 -and $jobCategories -notcontains $categoryName) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($destJobCategories.Name -contains $jobCategory.name) {
                        if ($force -eq $false) {
                            $copyJobCategoryStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyJobCategoryStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyJobCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job category $categoryName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                            continue
                        } else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping job category $categoryName")) {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping Job category $categoryName"
                                    $destServer.JobServer.JobCategories[$categoryName].Drop()
                                } catch {
                                    $copyJobCategoryStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyJobCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping job category" -Target $categoryName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating Job category $categoryName")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying Job category $categoryName"
                            $sql = $jobCategory.Script() | Out-String
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
                            $destServer.Query($sql)

                            $copyJobCategoryStatus.Status = "Successful"
                            $copyJobCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        } catch {
                            $copyJobCategoryStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyJobCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying job category" -Target $categoryName -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Copy-OperatorCategory {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Copy-OperatorCategory migrates operator categories from one SQL Server to another.

                .DESCRIPTION
                    By default, all operator categories are copied. The -OperatorCategories parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific operator categories.

                    If the associated credential for the category does not exist on the destination, it will be skipped. If the operator category already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
            #>
            [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param (
                [string[]]$operatorCategories
            )
            process {
                $serverOperatorCategories = $sourceServer.JobServer.OperatorCategories | Where-Object ID -ge 100
                $destOperatorCategories = $destServer.JobServer.OperatorCategories | Where-Object ID -ge 100

                foreach ($operatorCategory in $serverOperatorCategories) {
                    $categoryName = $operatorCategory.Name

                    $copyOperatorCategoryStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                        DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                        Type              = "Agent Operator Category"
                        Name              = $categoryName
                        Status            = $null
                        Notes             = $null
                        DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }

                    if ($operatorCategories.Count -gt 0 -and $operatorCategories -notcontains $categoryName) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($destOperatorCategories.Name -contains $operatorCategory.Name) {
                        if ($force -eq $false) {
                            $copyOperatorCategoryStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyOperatorCategoryStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyOperatorCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Operator category $categoryName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                            continue
                        } else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping operator category $categoryName and recreating")) {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping Operator category $categoryName"
                                    $destServer.JobServer.OperatorCategories[$categoryName].Drop()
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying Operator category $categoryName"
                                    $sql = $operatorCategory.Script() | Out-String
                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                    $destServer.Query($sql)
                                } catch {
                                    $copyOperatorCategoryStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyOperatorCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping operator category" -Target $categoryName -ErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating Operator category $categoryName")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying Operator category $categoryName"
                                $sql = $operatorCategory.Script() | Out-String
                                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                $destServer.Query($sql)

                                $copyOperatorCategoryStatus.Status = "Successful"
                                $copyOperatorCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            } catch {
                                $copyOperatorCategoryStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyOperatorCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying operator category" -Target $categoryName -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Copy-AlertCategory {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Copy-AlertCategory migrates alert categories from one SQL Server to another.

                .DESCRIPTION
                    By default, all alert categories are copied. The -AlertCategories parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific alert categories.

                    If the associated credential for the category does not exist on the destination, it will be skipped. If the alert category already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.
            #>
            [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param (
                [string[]]$AlertCategories
            )

            process {
                if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -or $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
                    throw "Server AlertCategories are only supported in SQL Server 2005 and above. Quitting."
                }

                $serverAlertCategories = $sourceServer.JobServer.AlertCategories | Where-Object ID -ge 100
                $destAlertCategories = $destServer.JobServer.AlertCategories | Where-Object ID -ge 100

                foreach ($alertCategory in $serverAlertCategories) {
                    $categoryName = $alertCategory.Name

                    $copyAlertCategoryStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                        DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                        Type              = "Agent Alert Category"
                        Name              = $categoryName
                        Status            = $null
                        Notes             = $null
                        DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }

                    if ($alertCategories.Length -gt 0 -and $alertCategories -notcontains $categoryName) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($destAlertCategories.Name -contains $alertCategory.name) {
                        if ($force -eq $false) {
                            $copyAlertCategoryStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyAlertCategoryStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyAlertCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Alert category $categoryName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                            continue
                        } else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping alert category $categoryName and recreating")) {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping Alert category $categoryName"
                                    $destServer.JobServer.AlertCategories[$categoryName].Drop()
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying Alert category $categoryName"
                                    $sql = $alertcategory.Script() | Out-String
                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
                                    $destServer.Query($sql)
                                } catch {
                                    $copyAlertCategoryStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyAlertCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping alert category" -Target $categoryName -ErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating Alert category $categoryName")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying Alert category $categoryName"
                                $sql = $alertCategory.Script() | Out-String
                                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                $destServer.Query($sql)

                                $copyAlertCategoryStatus.Status = "Successful"
                                $copyAlertCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            } catch {
                                $copyAlertCategoryStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyAlertCategoryStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating alert category" -Target $categoryName -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            if ($CategoryType.count -gt 0) {

                switch ($CategoryType) {
                    "Job" {
                        Copy-JobCategory
                    }

                    "Alert" {
                        Copy-AlertCategory
                    }

                    "Operator" {
                        Copy-OperatorCategory
                    }
                }
                continue
            }

            if (($OperatorCategory.Count + $AlertCategory.Count + $jobCategory.Count) -gt 0) {

                if ($OperatorCategory.Count -gt 0) {
                    Copy-OperatorCategory -OperatorCategories $OperatorCategory
                }

                if ($AlertCategory.Count -gt 0) {
                    Copy-AlertCategory -AlertCategories $AlertCategory
                }

                if ($jobCategory.Count -gt 0) {
                    Copy-JobCategory -JobCategories $jobCategory
                }
                continue
            }
            Copy-OperatorCategory
            Copy-AlertCategory
            Copy-JobCategory
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlAgentCategory
    }
}
function Copy-DbaAgentOperator {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaAgentOperator migrates operators from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all operators are copied. The -Operators parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific operators.

        If the associated credentials for the operator do not exist on the destination, it will be skipped. If the operator already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Operator
        The operator(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all operators will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeOperator
        The operators(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Operator will be dropped and recreated on Destination.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Agent, Operator
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentOperator

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentOperator -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all operators from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If operators with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentOperator -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Operator PSOperator -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force

        Copies only the PSOperator operator from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If an operator with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentOperator -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Operator,
        [object[]]$ExcludeOperator,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $serverOperator = $sourceServer.JobServer.Operators
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            $destOperator = $destServer.JobServer.Operators
            $failsafe = $destServer.JobServer.AlertSystem | Select-Object FailSafeOperator
            foreach ($sOperator in $serverOperator) {
                $operatorName = $sOperator.Name

                $copyOperatorStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $operatorName
                    Type              = "Agent Operator"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($Operator -and $Operator -notcontains $operatorName -or $ExcludeOperator -in $operatorName) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destOperator.Name -contains $sOperator.Name) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Operator $operatorName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate.")) {
                            $copyOperatorStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyOperatorStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyOperatorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Operator $operatorName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        }
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($failsafe.FailSafeOperator -eq $operatorName) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$operatorName is the failsafe operator. Skipping drop."
                            continue
                        }

                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping operator $operatorName and recreating")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping Operator $operatorName"
                                $destServer.JobServer.Operators[$operatorName].Drop()
                            } catch {
                                $copyOperatorStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyOperatorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping operator" -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating Operator $operatorName")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying Operator $operatorName"
                        $sql = $sOperator.Script() | Out-String
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        $destServer.Query($sql)

                        $copyOperatorStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyOperatorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyOperatorStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyOperatorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating operator." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlOperator
    }
}
function Copy-DbaAgentProxy {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaAgentProxy migrates proxy accounts from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all proxy accounts are copied. The -ProxyAccounts parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific proxy accounts.

        If the associated credential for the account does not exist on the destination, it will be skipped. If the proxy account already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER ProxyAccount
        Only migrate specific proxy accounts

    .PARAMETER ExcludeProxyAccount
        Migrate all proxy accounts except the ones explicitly excluded

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Operator will be dropped and recreated on Destination.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Agent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentProxy

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentProxy -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all proxy accounts from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If proxy accounts with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentProxy -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ProxyAccount PSProxy -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force

        Copies only the PSProxy proxy account from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If a proxy account with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentProxy -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [string[]]$ProxyAccount,
        [string[]]$ExcludeProxyAccount,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Copy-DbaAgentProxyAccount
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $serverProxyAccounts = $sourceServer.JobServer.ProxyAccounts
        if ($ProxyAccount) {
            $serverProxyAccounts | Where-Object Name -in $ProxyAccount
        }
        if ($ExcludeProxyAccount) {
            $serverProxyAccounts | Where-Object Name -notin $ProxyAccount
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            $destProxyAccounts = $destServer.JobServer.ProxyAccounts

            foreach ($account in $serverProxyAccounts) {
                $proxyName = $account.Name

                $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $null
                    Type              = "Agent Proxy"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                $credentialName = $account.CredentialName
                $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Name = $proxyName
                $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Type = "Credential"

                # Proxy accounts rely on Credential accounts
                if (-not $CredentialName) {
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Notes = "Skipping migration of $proxyName due to misconfigured (empty) credential name"
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping migration of $proxyName due to misconfigured (empty) credential name"
                    continue
                }

                try {
                    $credentialtest = $destServer.Credentials[$CredentialName]
                } catch {
                    #here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }

                if ($null -eq $credentialtest) {
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Notes = "Associated credential account, $CredentialName, does not exist on $destinstance"
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Associated credential account, $CredentialName, does not exist on $destinstance"
                    continue
                }

                if ($destProxyAccounts.Name -contains $proxyName) {
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Name = $proxyName
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Type = "ProxyAccount"

                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                        $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Server proxy account $proxyName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate." -Continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping server proxy account $proxyName and recreating")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping server proxy account $proxyName"
                                $destServer.JobServer.ProxyAccounts[$proxyName].Drop()
                            } catch {
                                $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Notes = "Could not drop"
                                $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping proxy account" -Target $proxyName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating server proxy account $proxyName")) {
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Name = $proxyName
                    $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Type = "ProxyAccount"

                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying server proxy account $proxyName"
                        $sql = $account.Script() | Out-String
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        $destServer.Query($sql)

                        # Will fixing this misspelled status cause problems downstream?
                        $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $exceptionstring = $_.Exception.InnerException.ToString()
                        if ($exceptionstring -match 'subsystem') {
                            $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Skipping"
                            $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Notes = "Failure"
                            $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "One or more subsystems do not exist on the destination server. Skipping that part."
                        } else {
                            $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyAgentProxyAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating proxy account" -Target $proxyName -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlProxyAccount
    }
}
function Copy-DbaAgentSchedule {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaAgentSchedule migrates shared job schedules from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        All shared job schedules are copied.

        If the associated credential for the account does not exist on the destination, it will be skipped. If the shared job schedule already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Operator will be dropped and recreated on Destination.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Agent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentSchedule

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentSchedule -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all shared job schedules from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If shared job schedules with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentSchedule -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Copy-DbaAgentSharedSchedule
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $serverSchedules = $sourceServer.JobServer.SharedSchedules
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            $destSchedules = $destServer.JobServer.SharedSchedules
            foreach ($schedule in $serverSchedules) {
                $scheduleName = $schedule.Name
                $copySharedScheduleStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Type              = "Agent Schedule"
                    Name              = $scheduleName
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($schedules.Length -gt 0 -and $schedules -notcontains $scheduleName) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destSchedules.Name -contains $scheduleName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Shared job schedule $scheduleName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate.")) {
                            $copySharedScheduleStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copySharedScheduleStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copySharedScheduleStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Shared job schedule $scheduleName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                            continue
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Schedule [$scheduleName] has associated jobs. Skipping.")) {
                            if ($destServer.JobServer.Jobs.JobSchedules.Name -contains $scheduleName) {
                                $copySharedScheduleStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                                $copySharedScheduleStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Schedule [$scheduleName] has associated jobs. Skipping."
                            }
                            continue
                        } else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping schedule $scheduleName and recreating")) {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping schedule $scheduleName"
                                    $destServer.JobServer.SharedSchedules[$scheduleName].Drop()
                                } catch {
                                    $copySharedScheduleStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copySharedScheduleStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping schedule" -Target $scheduleName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating schedule $scheduleName")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying schedule $scheduleName"
                        $sql = $schedule.Script() | Out-String

                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        $destServer.Query($sql)

                        $copySharedScheduleStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copySharedScheduleStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copySharedScheduleStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copySharedScheduleStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating schedule" -Target $scheduleName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlSharedSchedule
    }
}
function Copy-DbaAgentServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy SQL Server Agent from one server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        A wrapper function that calls the associated Copy command for each of the object types seen in SSMS under SQL Server Agent. This also copies all of the the SQL Agent properties (job history max rows, DBMail profile name, etc.).

        You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER DisableJobsOnDestination
        If this switch is enabled, the jobs will be disabled on Destination after copying.

    .PARAMETER DisableJobsOnSource
        If this switch is enabled, the jobs will be disabled on Source after copying.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, existing objects on Destination with matching names from Source will be dropped, then copied.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, SqlServerAgent, SqlAgent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaAgentServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all job server objects from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials for authentication. If job objects with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred

        Copies all job objects from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials to authentication to sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials to authenticate to sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaAgentServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.

    #>
    [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [Switch]$DisableJobsOnDestination,
        [Switch]$DisableJobsOnSource,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        Invoke-SmoCheck -SqlInstance $sourceServer
        $sourceAgent = $sourceServer.JobServer
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            Invoke-SmoCheck -SqlInstance $destServer
            # All of these support whatif inside of them
            Copy-DbaAgentJobCategory -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force

            $destServer.JobServer.JobCategories.Refresh()
            $destServer.JobServer.OperatorCategories.Refresh()
            $destServer.JobServer.AlertCategories.Refresh()

            Copy-DbaAgentOperator -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
            $destServer.JobServer.Operators.Refresh()

            Copy-DbaAgentAlert -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force -IncludeDefaults
            $destServer.JobServer.Alerts.Refresh()

            Copy-DbaAgentProxy -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
            $destServer.JobServer.ProxyAccounts.Refresh()

            Copy-DbaAgentSchedule -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
            $destServer.JobServer.SharedSchedules.Refresh()

            $destServer.JobServer.Refresh()
            $destServer.Refresh()
            Copy-DbaAgentJob -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force -DisableOnDestination:$DisableJobsOnDestination -DisableOnSource:$DisableJobsOnSource

            # To do
            <#
            Copy-DbaAgentMasterServer -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
            Copy-DbaAgentTargetServer -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
            Copy-DbaAgentTargetServerGroup -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Force:$force
        #>

            <# Here are the properties which must be migrated separately #>
            $copyAgentPropStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = "Server level properties"
                Type              = "Agent Properties"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Copying Agent Properties")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying SQL Agent Properties"
                    $sql = $sourceAgent.Script() | Out-String
                    $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destinstance'"
                    $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("@errorlog_file="), [Regex]::Escape("--@errorlog_file=")
                    $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("@auto_start="), [Regex]::Escape("--@auto_start=")
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                    $copyAgentPropStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyAgentPropStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                } catch {
                    $message = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.Message
                    if (-not $message) { $message = $_.Exception.Message }
                    $copyAgentPropStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyAgentPropStatus.Notes = $message
                    $copyAgentPropStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Stop-Function -Message $message -Target $destinstance
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlServerAgent
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-DbaSqlServerAgent
    }
}
function Copy-DbaBackupDevice {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copies backup devices one by one. Copies both SQL code and the backup file itself.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Backups are migrated using Admin shares. If the destination directory does not exist, SQL Server's default backup directory will be used.

        If a backup device with same name exists on destination, it will not be dropped and recreated unless -Force is used.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER BackupDevice
        BackupDevice to be copied. Auto-populated list of devices. If not provided all BackupDevice(s) will be copied.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, backup device(s) will be dropped and recreated if they already exists on destination.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Backup
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaBackupDevice

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaBackupDevice -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all server backup devices from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If backup devices with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaBackupDevice -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -BackupDevice backup01 -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force

        Copies only the backup device named backup01 from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a    and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If a backup device with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaBackupDevice -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$BackupDevice,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $serverBackupDevices = $sourceServer.BackupDevices
        $sourceNetBios = $Source.ComputerName
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            $destBackupDevices = $destServer.BackupDevices
            $destNetBios = $destinstance.ComputerName

            foreach ($currentBackupDevice in $serverBackupDevices) {
                $deviceName = $currentBackupDevice.Name

                $copyBackupDeviceStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $deviceName
                    Type              = "Backup Device"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($BackupDevice -and $BackupDevice -notcontains $deviceName) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destBackupDevices.Name -contains $deviceName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "backup device $deviceName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping backup device $deviceName")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping backup device $deviceName"
                                $destServer.BackupDevices[$deviceName].Drop()
                            } catch {
                                $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping backup device" -Target $deviceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Generating SQL code for $deviceName")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Scripting out SQL for $deviceName"
                    try {
                        $sql = $currentBackupDevice.Script() | Out-String
                        $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destinstance'"
                    } catch {
                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue scripting out backup device" -Target $deviceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Stating that the actual file copy is about to occur")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Preparing to copy actual backup file"
                }

                $path = Split-Path $sourceServer.BackupDevices[$deviceName].PhysicalLocation
                $destPath = Join-AdminUnc $destNetBios $path
                $sourcepath = Join-AdminUnc $sourceNetBios $sourceServer.BackupDevices[$deviceName].PhysicalLocation

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking if directory $destPath exists"

                if ($(Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $destinstance -Path $path) -eq $false) {
                    $backupDirectory = $destServer.BackupDirectory
                    $destPath = Join-AdminUnc $destNetBios $backupDirectory

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Updating create code to use new path")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$path doesn't exist on $destinstance"
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using default backup directory $backupDirectory"

                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $deviceName to use $backupDirectory"
                            $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape($path), $backupDirectory
                        } catch {
                            $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue updating script of backup device with new path" -Target $deviceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Copying $sourcepath to $destPath using BITSTransfer")) {
                    try {
                        Start-BitsTransfer -Source $sourcepath -Destination $destPath -ErrorAction Stop
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backup device $deviceName successfully copied"
                    } catch {
                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying backup device to destination" -Target $deviceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Adding backup device $deviceName")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding backup device $deviceName on $destinstance"
                    try {
                        $destServer.Query($sql)
                        $destServer.BackupDevices.Refresh()

                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyBackupDeviceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue adding backup device" -Target $deviceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlBackupDevice
    }
}
function Copy-DbaCmsRegServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Migrates SQL Server Central Management groups and server instances from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Copy-DbaCmsRegServer copies all groups, subgroups, and server instances from one SQL Server to another.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Group
        This is an auto-populated array that contains your Central Management Server top-level groups on Source. You can specify one, many or none.

        If Group is not specified, all groups in your Central Management Server will be copied.

    .PARAMETER SwitchServerName
        If this switch is enabled, all instance names will be changed from Source to Destination.

        Central Management Server does not allow you to add a shared registered server with the same name as the Configuration Server.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, group(s) will be dropped and recreated if they already exists on destination.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaCmsRegServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaCmsRegServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        All groups, subgroups, and server instances are copied from sqlserver2014a CMS to sqlcluster CMS.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaCmsRegServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Group Group1,Group3

        Top-level groups Group1 and Group3 along with their subgroups and server instances are copied from sqlserver to sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaCmsRegServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Group Group1,Group3 -SwitchServerName -SourceSqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        Top-level groups Group1 and Group3 along with their subgroups and server instances are copied from sqlserver to sqlcluster. When adding sql instances to sqlcluster, if the server name of the migrating instance is "sqlcluster", it will be switched to "sqlserver".

        If SwitchServerName is not specified, "sqlcluster" will be skipped.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [Alias('CMSGroup')]
        [string[]]$Group,
        [switch]$SwitchServerName,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Copy-DbaCentralManagementServer
        function Invoke-ParseServerGroup {
            [cmdletbinding()]
            param (
                $sourceGroup,
                $destinationGroup,
                $SwitchServerName
            )
            if ($destinationGroup.Name -eq "DatabaseEngineServerGroup" -and $sourceGroup.Name -ne "DatabaseEngineServerGroup") {
                $currentServerGroup = $destinationGroup
                $groupName = $sourceGroup.Name
                $destinationGroup = $destinationGroup.ServerGroups[$groupName]

                $copyDestinationGroupStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $groupName
                    Type              = "CMS Destination Group"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($null -ne $destinationGroup) {

                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Checking to see if $groupName exists")) {
                            $copyDestinationGroupStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyDestinationGroupStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyDestinationGroupStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Destination group $groupName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        }
                        continue
                    }
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping group $groupName")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping group $groupName"
                            $destinationGroup.Drop()
                        } catch {
                            $copyDestinationGroupStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyDestinationGroupStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping group" -Target $groupName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating group $groupName")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating group $($sourceGroup.Name)"
                    $destinationGroup = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup($currentServerGroup, $sourceGroup.Name)
                    $destinationGroup.Create()

                    $copyDestinationGroupStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyDestinationGroupStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
            }

            # Add Servers
            foreach ($instance in $sourceGroup.RegisteredServers) {
                $instanceName = $instance.Name
                $serverName = $instance.ServerName

                $copyInstanceStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $instanceName
                    Type              = "CMS Instance"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($serverName.ToLower() -eq $toCmStore.DomainInstanceName.ToLower()) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Checking to see if server is the CMS equals current server name")) {
                        if ($SwitchServerName) {
                            $serverName = $fromCmStore.DomainInstanceName
                            $instanceName = $fromCmStore.DomainInstanceName
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SwitchServerName was used and new CMS equals current server name. $($toCmStore.DomainInstanceName.ToLower()) changed to $serverName."
                        } else {
                            $copyInstanceStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyInstanceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$serverName is Central Management Server. Add prohibited. Skipping."
                            continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($destinationGroup.RegisteredServers.Name -contains $instanceName) {

                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Checking to see if $instanceName in $groupName exists")) {
                            $copyInstanceStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyInstanceStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyInstanceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Instance $instanceName exists in group $groupName at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        }
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping instance $instanceName from $groupName and recreating")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping instance $instance from $groupName"
                            $destinationGroup.RegisteredServers[$instanceName].Drop()
                        } catch {
                            $copyInstanceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyInstanceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping instance from group" -Target $instanceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Copying $instanceName")) {
                    $newServer = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServer($destinationGroup, $instanceName)
                    $newServer.ServerName = $serverName
                    $newServer.Description = $instance.Description

                    if ($serverName -ne $fromCmStore.DomainInstanceName) {
                        $newServer.SecureConnectionString = $instance.SecureConnectionString.ToString()
                        $newServer.ConnectionString = $instance.ConnectionString.ToString()
                    }

                    try {
                        $newServer.Create()

                        $copyInstanceStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyInstanceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyInstanceStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyInstanceStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        if ($_.Exception -match "same name") {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not add Switched Server instance name." -Target $instanceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $serverName" -Target $instanceName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Added Server $serverName as $instanceName to $($destinationGroup.Name)"
                }
            }

            # Add Groups
            foreach ($fromSubGroup in $sourceGroup.ServerGroups) {
                $fromSubGroupName = $fromSubGroup.Name
                $toSubGroup = $destinationGroup.ServerGroups[$fromSubGroupName]

                $copyGroupStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $fromSubGroupName
                    Type              = "CMS Group"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($null -ne $toSubGroup) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Checking to see if subgroup $fromSubGroupName exists")) {
                            $copyGroupStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyGroupStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyGroupStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Subgroup $fromSubGroupName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        }
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping subgroup $fromSubGroupName recreating")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping subgroup $fromSubGroupName"
                            $toSubGroup.Drop()
                        } catch {
                            $copyGroupStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyGroupStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping subgroup" -Target $toSubGroup -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating group $($fromSubGroup.Name)")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating group $($fromSubGroup.Name)"
                    $toSubGroup = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup($destinationGroup, $fromSubGroup.Name)
                    $toSubGroup.create()

                    $copyGroupStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyGroupStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }

                Invoke-ParseServerGroup -sourceGroup $fromSubGroup -destinationgroup $toSubGroup -SwitchServerName $SwitchServerName
            }
        }

        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            $fromCmStore = Get-DbaCmsRegServerStore -SqlInstance $sourceServer
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            $toCmStore = Get-DbaCmsRegServerStore -SqlInstance $destServer

            $stores = $fromCmStore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup
            if ($Group) {
                $stores = @();
                foreach ($groupName in $Group) {
                    $stores += $fromCmStore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup.ServerGroups[$groupName]
                }
            }

            foreach ($store in $stores) {
                Invoke-ParseServerGroup -sourceGroup $store -destinationgroup $toCmStore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup -SwitchServerName $SwitchServerName
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlCentralManagementServer
    }
}
function Copy-DbaCredential {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaCredential migrates SQL Server Credentials from one SQL Server to another while maintaining Credential passwords.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By using password decryption techniques provided by Antti Rantasaari (NetSPI, 2014), this script migrates SQL Server Credentials from one server to another while maintaining username and password.

        Credit: https://blog.netspi.com/decrypting-mssql-database-link-server-passwords/

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Credential
        This command requires access to the Windows OS via PowerShell remoting. Use this credential to connect to Windows using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER Name
        Only include specific names
        Note: if spaces exist in the credential name, you will have to type "" or '' around it.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeName
        Excluded credential names

    .PARAMETER Identity
        Only include specific identities
        Note: if spaces exist in the credential identity, you will have to type "" or '' around it.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeIdentity
        Excluded identities

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Credential will be dropped and recreated if it already exists on Destination.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: WSMan, Migration
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires:
        - PowerShell Version 3.0
        - Administrator access on Windows
        - sysadmin access on SQL Server.
        - DAC access enabled for local (default)

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaCredential

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaCredential -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all SQL Server Credentials on sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster. If Credentials exist on destination, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaCredential -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Name "PowerShell Proxy Account" -Force

        Copies over one SQL Server Credential (PowerShell Proxy Account) from sqlserver to sqlcluster. If the Credential already exists on the destination, it will be dropped and recreated.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]
        $Credential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Name,
        [string[]]$ExcludeName,
        [Alias('CredentialIdentity')]
        [string[]]$Identity,
        [Alias('ExcludeCredentialIdentity')]
        [string[]]$ExcludeIdentity,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $Source.ComputerName

        function Copy-Credential {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Copies Credentials from one server to another using a combination of SMO's .Script() and manual password updates.

                .OUTPUT
                    System.Data.DataTable
            #>
            [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "", Justification = "For Credentials")]
            param (
                [string[]]$Credentials,
                [bool]$Force
            )

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting Credential logins and passwords on $($sourceServer.Name)"
            $sourceCredentials = Get-DecryptedObject -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Type Credential
            $credentialList = Get-DbaCredential -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Name $Name -ExcludeName $ExcludeName -Identity $Identity -ExcludeIdentity $ExcludeIdentity

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting migration"
            foreach ($credential in $credentialList) {
                $destServer.Credentials.Refresh()
                $credentialName = $credential.Name

                $copyCredentialStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Type              = "Credential"
                    Name              = $credentialName
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($null -ne $destServer.Credentials[$credentialName]) {
                    if (!$force) {
                        $copyCredentialStatus.Status = "Skipping"
                        $copyCredentialStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                        $copyCredentialStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$credentialName exists $($destServer.Name). Skipping."
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance.Name, "Dropping $identity")) {
                            $destServer.Credentials[$credentialName].Drop()
                            $destServer.Credentials.Refresh()
                        }
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to migrate $credentialName"
                try {
                    $currentCred = $sourceCredentials | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "[$credentialName]" }
                    $sqlcredentialName = $credentialName.Replace("'", "''")
                    $identity = $currentCred.Identity.Replace("'", "''")
                    $password = $currentCred.Password.Replace("'", "''")
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance.Name, "Copying $identity")) {
                        $destServer.Query("CREATE CREDENTIAL [$sqlcredentialName] WITH IDENTITY = N'$identity', SECRET = N'$password'")
                        $destServer.Credentials.Refresh()
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$credentialName successfully copied"
                    }

                    $copyCredentialStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    $copyCredentialStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                } catch {
                    $copyCredentialStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyCredentialStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Stop-Function -Message "Error creating credential" -Target $credentialName -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }

        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
            return
        }

        if ($null -ne $SourceSqlCredential.Username) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "You are using SQL credentials and this script requires Windows admin access to the $Source server. Trying anyway."
        }

        $sourceNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $sourceServer

        Invoke-SmoCheck -SqlInstance $sourceServer

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking if Remote Registry is enabled on $source"
        try {
            Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -Credential $credential -ScriptBlock { Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\" }
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to registry on $source" -Target $sourceNetBios -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            Invoke-SmoCheck -SqlInstance $destServer

            Copy-Credential $credentials -force:$force
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlCredential
    }
}
function Copy-DbaCustomError {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaCustomError migrates custom errors (user defined messages), by the custom error ID, from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all custom errors are copied. The -CustomError parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific custom errors.

        If the custom error already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used. The us_english version must be created first. If you drop the us_english version, all the other languages will be dropped for that specific ID as well.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER CustomError
        The custom error(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all custom errors will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeCustomError
        The custom error(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the custom error will be dropped and recreated if it already exists on Destination.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, CustomError
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaCustomError

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaCustomError -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all server custom errors from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If custom errors with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaCustomError -Source sqlserver2014a -SourceSqlCredential $scred -Destination sqlcluster -DestinationSqlCredential $dcred -CustomError 60000 -Force

        Copies only the custom error with ID number 60000 from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If a custom error with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be updated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaCustomError -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ExcludeCustomError 60000 -Force

        Copies all the custom errors found on sqlserver2014a except the custom error with ID number 60000 to sqlcluster. If a custom error with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be updated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaCustomError -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$CustomError,
        [object[]]$ExcludeCustomError,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $orderedCustomErrors = @($sourceServer.UserDefinedMessages | Where-Object Language -eq "us_english")
        $orderedCustomErrors += $sourceServer.UserDefinedMessages | Where-Object Language -ne "us_english"
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            # US has to go first
            $destCustomErrors = $destServer.UserDefinedMessages

            foreach ($currentCustomError in $orderedCustomErrors) {
                $customErrorId = $currentCustomError.ID
                $language = $currentCustomError.Language.ToString()

                $copyCustomErrorStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Type              = "Custom error"
                    Name              = $currentCustomError
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($CustomError -and ($customErrorId -notin $CustomError -or $customErrorId -in $ExcludeCustomError)) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destCustomErrors.ID -contains $customErrorId) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        $copyCustomErrorStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyCustomErrorStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                        $copyCustomErrorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Custom error $customErrorId $language exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        continue
                    } else {
                        If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping custom error $customErrorId $language and recreating")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping custom error $customErrorId (drops all languages for custom error $customErrorId)"
                                $destServer.UserDefinedMessages[$customErrorId, $language].Drop()
                            } catch {
                                $copyCustomErrorStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyCustomErrorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping custom error" -Target $customErrorId -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating custom error $customErrorId $language")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying custom error $customErrorId $language"
                        $sql = $currentCustomError.Script() | Out-String
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        $destServer.Query($sql)

                        $copyCustomErrorStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyCustomErrorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyCustomErrorStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyCustomErrorStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating custom error" -Target $customErrorId -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlCustomError
    }
}
function Copy-DbaDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Migrates SQL Server databases from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This script provides the ability to migrate databases using detach/copy/attach or backup/restore. This script works with named instances, clusters and SQL Server Express Edition.

        By default, databases will be migrated to the destination SQL Server's default data and log directories. You can override this by specifying -ReuseSourceFolderStructure. Filestreams and filegroups are also migrated. Safety is emphasized.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You may specify multiple servers.

        Note that when using -BackupRestore with multiple servers, the backup will only be performed once and backups will be deleted at the end (if you didn't specify -NoBackupCleanup).

        When using -DetachAttach with multiple servers, -Reattach must be specified.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Migrates only specified databases. This list is auto-populated from the server for tab completion. Multiple databases may be specified as a collection.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Excludes specified databases when performing -AllDatabases migrations. This list is auto-populated from the Source for tab completion.

    .PARAMETER AllDatabases
        If this switch is enabled, all user databases will be migrated. System and support databases will not be migrated. Requires -BackupRestore or -DetachAttach.

    .PARAMETER BackupRestore
        If this switch is enabled, the copy-only backup and restore method will be used to migrate the database(s). This method requires that you specify -SharedPath in a valid UNC format (\\server\share).

        Backups will be immediately deleted after use unless -NoBackupCleanup is specified.

    .PARAMETER SharedPath
        Specifies the network location for the backup files. The SQL Server service accounts must have read/write permission on this path.

    .PARAMETER WithReplace
        If this switch is enabled, the restore is executed with WITH REPLACE.

    .PARAMETER NoRecovery
        If this switch is enabled, the restore is executed with WITH NORECOVERY. Ideal for staging.

    .PARAMETER NoBackupCleanup
        If this switch is enabled, backups generated by this cmdlet will not be deleted after they are restored. The default behavior is to delete these backups.

    .PARAMETER NumberFiles
        Number of files to split the backup. Default is 3.

    .PARAMETER DetachAttach
        If this switch is enabled, the detach/copy/attach method is used to perform database migrations. No files are deleted on Source. If Destination attachment fails, the Source database will be reattached. File copies are performed over administrative shares (\\server\x$\mssql) using BITS. If a database is being mirrored, the mirror will be broken prior to migration.

    .PARAMETER Reattach
        If this switch is enabled, all databases are reattached to Source after DetachAttach migration.

    .PARAMETER SetSourceReadOnly
        If this switch is enabled, all migrated databases are set to ReadOnly on Source prior to detach/attach & backup/restore.

        If -Reattach is used, databases are set to read-only after reattaching.

    .PARAMETER ReuseSourceFolderStructure
        If this switch is enabled, databases will be migrated to a data and log directory structure on Destination mirroring that used on Source. By default, the default data and log directories for Destination will be used when the databases are migrated.

        The structure on Source  will be kept exactly, so consider this if you're migrating between different versions and use part of Microsoft's default Sql structure (MSSql12.INSTANCE, etc)

        To reuse Destination folder structure, use the  -WithReplace switch.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSupportDbs
        If this switch is enabled, ReportServer, ReportServerTempDb, SSISDB, and distribution databases will be copied if they exist on Source. A log file named $SOURCE-$destinstance-$date-Sqls.csv will be written to the current directory.

        Use of this switch requires -BackupRestore or -DetachAttach as well.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of dbobjects from the pipeline.

    .PARAMETER UseLastBackup
        Use the last full, diff and logs instead of performing backups. Note that the backups must exist in a location accessible by all destination servers, such a network share.

    .PARAMETER Continue
        If specified, will to attempt to restore transaction log backups on top of existing database(s) in Recovering or Standby states. Only usable with -UseLastBackup

    .PARAMETER NoCopyOnly
        If this switch is enabled, backups will be taken without COPY_ONLY. This will break the LSN backup chain, which will interfere with the restore chain of the database.

        By default this switch is disabled, so backups will be taken with COPY_ONLY. This will preserve the LSN backup chain.

        For more details please refer to this MSDN article - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191495.aspx

    .PARAMETER NewName
        If a single database is being copied, this will be used to rename the database during the copy process. Any occurrence of the original database name in the physical file names will be replaced with NewName
        If specified with multiple databases a warning will be raised and the copy stopped

        This option is mutually exclusive of Prefix

    .PARAMETER Prefix
        All copied database names and physical files will be prefixed with this string

        This option is mutually exclusive of NewName

    .PARAMETER SetSourceOffline
        If this switch is enabled, the Source database will be set to Offline after being copied.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, existing databases on Destination with matching names from Source will be dropped. If using -DetachReattach, mirrors will be broken and the database(s) dropped from Availability Groups.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Backup, Restore
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

        Limitations:
        - Doesn't cover what it doesn't cover (replication, certificates, etc)
        - SQL Server 2000 databases cannot be directly migrated to SQL Server 2012 and above.
        - Logins within SQL Server 2012 and above logins cannot be migrated to SQL Server 2008 R2 and below.

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaDatabase

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDatabase -Source sql2014a -Destination sql2014b -Database TestDB -BackupRestore -SharedPath \\fileshare\sql\migration

        Migrates a single user database TestDB using Backup and restore from instance sql2014a to sql2014b. Backup files are stored in \\fileshare\sql\migration.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDatabase -Source sql2012 -Destination sql2014, sql2016 -DetachAttach -Reattach

        Databases will be migrated from sql2012 to both sql2014 and sql2016 using the detach/copy files/attach method.The following will be performed: kick all users out of the database, detach all data/log files, move files across the network over an admin share (\\SqlSERVER\M$\MSSql...), attach file on destination server, reattach at source. If the database files (*.mdf, *.ndf, *.ldf) on *destination* exist and aren't in use, they will be overwritten.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDatabase -Source sql2014a -Destination sqlcluster, sql2016 -BackupRestore -UseLastBackup -Force

        Migrates all user databases to sqlcluster and sql2016 using the last Full, Diff and Log backups from sql204a. If the databases exists on the destinations, they will be dropped prior to attach.

        Note that the backups must exist in a location accessible by all destination servers, such a network share.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDatabase -Source sql2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ExcludeDatabase Northwind, pubs -IncludeSupportDbs -Force -BackupRestore -SharedPath \\fileshare\sql\migration

        Migrates all user databases except for Northwind and pubs by using backup/restore (copy-only). Backup files are stored in \\fileshare\sql\migration. If the database exists on the destination, it will be dropped prior to attach.

        It also includes the support databases (ReportServer, ReportServerTempDb, distribution).

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "DbBackup", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias("All")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]$BackupRestore,
        [Alias("NetworkShare")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup",
            HelpMessage = "Specify a valid network share in the format \\server\share that can be accessed by your account and the SQL Server service accounts for both Source and Destination.")]
        [string]$SharedPath,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]$WithReplace,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]$NoBackupCleanup,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [ValidateRange(1, 64)]
        [int]$NumberFiles = 3,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]$DetachAttach,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]$Reattach,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]$SetSourceReadOnly,
        [Alias("ReuseFolderStructure")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]$ReuseSourceFolderStructure,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbAttachDetach")]
        [switch]$IncludeSupportDbs,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]$UseLastBackup,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "DbBackup")]
        [switch]$Continue,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$NoCopyOnly,
        [switch]$SetSourceOffline,
        [string]$NewName,
        [string]$Prefix,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter NetworkShare -CustomMessage "Using the parameter NetworkShare is deprecated. This parameter will be removed in version 1.0.0 or before. Use SharedPath instead."

        $CopyOnly = -not $NoCopyOnly

        if ($BackupRestore -and (-not $SharedPath -and -not $UseLastBackup)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "When using -BackupRestore, you must specify -SharedPath or -UseLastBackup"
            return
        }
        if ($SharedPath -and $UseLastBackup) {
            Stop-Function -Message "-SharedPath cannot be used with -UseLastBackup because the backup path is determined by the paths in the last backups"
            return
        }
        if ($DetachAttach -and -not $Reattach -and $Destination.Count -gt 1) {
            Stop-Function -Message "When using -DetachAttach with multiple servers, you must specify -Reattach to reattach database at source"
            return
        }
        if ($Continue -and -not $UseLastBackup) {
            Stop-Function -Message "-Continue cannot be used without -UseLastBackup"
            return
        }

        function Join-Path {
            <#
        An internal command that does not require the local path to exist

        Boo, this does not work, but keeping it for future ref.
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [string]$Path,
                [string]$ChildPath
            )
            process {
                try {
                    [IO.Path]::Combine($Path, $ChildPath)
                } catch {
                    "$Path\$ChildPath"
                }
            }
        }

        function Join-AdminUnc {
            <#
        .SYNOPSIS
        Internal function. Parses a path to make it an admin UNC.
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                [string]$servername,
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                [string]$filepath

            )

            if ($script:sameserver) {
                return $filepath
            }
            if (-not $filepath) {
                return
            }
            if ($filepath.StartsWith("\\")) {
                return $filepath
            }

            $servername = $servername.Split("\")[0]

            if ($filepath -and $filepath -ne [System.DbNull]::Value) {
                $newpath = Join-Path "\\$servername\" $filepath.replace(':', '$')
                return $newpath
            } else {
                return
            }
        }

        function Get-SqlFileStructure {
            $dbcollection = @{
            };
            $databaseProgressbar = 0

            foreach ($db in $databaseList) {
                Write-Progress -Id 1 -Activity "Processing database file structure" -PercentComplete ($databaseProgressbar / $dbCount * 100) -Status "Processing $databaseProgressbar of $dbCount."
                $dbName = $db.Name
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message $dbName

                $databaseProgressbar++
                $dbStatus = $db.status.toString()
                if ($dbStatus.StartsWith("Normal") -eq $false) {
                    continue
                }
                $destinstancefiles = @{
                }; $sourcefiles = @{
                }

                $where = "Filetype <> 'LOG' and Filetype <> 'FULLTEXT'"

                $datarows = $dbFileTable.Tables.Select("dbname = '$dbName' and $where")

                # Data Files
                foreach ($file in $datarows) {
                    # Destination File Structure
                    $d = @{
                    }
                    if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                        $d.physical = $file.filename
                    } elseif ($WithReplace) {
                        $name = $file.Name
                        $destfile = $remoteDbFileTable.Tables[0].Select("dbname = '$dbName' and name = '$name'")
                        $d.physical = $destfile.filename

                        if ($null -eq $d.physical) {
                            $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer data
                            $fileName = Split-Path $file.filename -Leaf
                            $d.physical = "$directory\$fileName"
                        }
                    } else {
                        $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer data
                        $fileName = Split-Path $file.filename -Leaf
                        $d.physical = "$directory\$fileName"
                    }
                    $d.logical = $file.Name

                    $d.remotefilename = Join-AdminUNC $destNetBios $d.physical
                    $destinstancefiles.add($file.Name, $d)

                    # Source File Structure
                    $s = @{
                    }
                    $s.logical = $file.Name
                    $s.physical = $file.filename
                    $s.remotefilename = Join-AdminUNC $sourceNetBios $s.physical
                    $sourcefiles.add($file.Name, $s)
                }

                # Add support for Full Text Catalogs in SQL Server 2005 and below
                if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
                    try {
                        $fttable = $null = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].ExecuteWithResults('sp_help_fulltext_catalogs')
                        $allrows = $fttable.Tables[0].rows
                    } catch {
                        # Nothing, it's just not enabled
                        # here to avoid an empty catch
                        $null = 1
                    }

                    foreach ($ftc in $allrows) {
                        # Destination File Structure
                        $d = @{
                        }
                        $pre = "sysft_"
                        $name = $ftc.Name
                        $physical = $ftc.Path # RootPath
                        $logical = "$pre$name"
                        if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                            $d.physical = $physical
                        } else {
                            $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer data
                            if ($destServer.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
                                $directory = "$directory\FTDATA"
                            }
                            $fileName = Split-Path($physical) -leaf
                            $d.physical = "$directory\$fileName"
                        }
                        $d.logical = $logical
                        $d.remotefilename = Join-AdminUNC $destNetBios $d.physical
                        $destinstancefiles.add($logical, $d)

                        # Source File Structure
                        $s = @{
                        }
                        $pre = "sysft_"
                        $name = $ftc.Name
                        $physical = $ftc.Path # RootPath
                        $logical = "$pre$name"

                        $s.logical = $logical
                        $s.physical = $physical
                        $s.remotefilename = Join-AdminUNC $sourceNetBios $s.physical
                        $sourcefiles.add($logical, $s)
                    }
                }

                $where = "Filetype = 'LOG'"
                $datarows = $dbFileTable.Tables[0].Select("dbname = '$dbName' and $where")

                # Log Files
                foreach ($file in $datarows) {
                    $d = @{
                    }
                    if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                        $d.physical = $file.filename
                    } elseif ($WithReplace) {
                        $name = $file.Name
                        $destfile = $remoteDbFileTable.Tables[0].Select("dbname = '$dbName' and name = '$name'")
                        $d.physical = $destfile.filename

                        if ($null -eq $d.physical) {
                            $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer data
                            $fileName = Split-Path $file.filename -Leaf
                            $d.physical = "$directory\$fileName"
                        }
                    } else {
                        $directory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer log
                        $fileName = Split-Path $file.filename -Leaf
                        $d.physical = "$directory\$fileName"
                    }
                    $d.logical = $file.Name
                    $d.remotefilename = Join-AdminUNC $destNetBios $d.physical
                    $destinstancefiles.add($file.Name, $d)

                    $s = @{
                    }
                    $s.logical = $file.Name
                    $s.physical = $file.filename
                    $s.remotefilename = Join-AdminUNC $sourceNetBios $s.physical
                    $sourcefiles.add($file.Name, $s)
                }

                $location = @{
                }
                $location.add("Destination", $destinstancefiles)
                $location.add("Source", $sourcefiles)
                $dbcollection.Add($($db.Name), $location)
            }

            $fileStructure = [pscustomobject]@{
                "databases" = $dbcollection
            }
            Write-Progress -id 1 -Activity "Processing database file structure" -Status "Completed" -Completed
            return $fileStructure
        }

        function Dismount-SqlDatabase {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [object]$server,
                [string]$dbName
            )

            $currentdb = $server.databases[$dbName]
            if ($currentdb.IsMirroringEnabled) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Breaking mirror for $dbName"
                    $currentdb.ChangeMirroringState([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MirroringOption]::Off)
                    $currentdb.Alter()
                    $currentdb.Refresh()
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not break mirror for $dbName. Skipping."
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue breaking mirror." -Target $dbName -ErrorRecord $_
                    return $false
                }
            }

            if ($currentdb.AvailabilityGroupName) {
                $agName = $currentdb.AvailabilityGroupName
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting remove from Availability Group $agName."
                try {
                    $server.AvailabilityGroups[$currentdb.AvailabilityGroupName].AvailabilityDatabases[$dbName].Drop()
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully removed $dbName from  detach from $agName on $($server.Name)."
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove $dbName from $agName on $($server.Name)." -Target $dbName -ErrorRecord $_
                    return $false
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting detach from $dbName from $source."

            ####### Using Sql to detach does not modify the $currentdb collection #######

            $server.KillAllProcesses($dbName)

            try {
                $sql = "ALTER DATABASE [$dbName] SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message $sql
                $null = $server.Query($sql)
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully set $dbName to single-user from $source."
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue setting database to single-user." -Target $dbName -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            try {
                $sql = "EXEC master.dbo.sp_detach_db N'$dbName'"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message $sql
                $null = $server.Query($sql)
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully detached $dbName from $source."
                return $true
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue detaching database." -Target $dbName -ErrorRecord $_
                return $false
            }
        }

        function Mount-SqlDatabase {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [object]$server,
                [string]$dbName,
                [object]$fileStructure,
                [string]$dbOwner
            )

            if ($null -eq $server.Logins.Item($dbOwner)) {
                try {
                    $dbOwner = ($destServer.logins | Where-Object {
                            $_.id -eq 1
                        }).Name
                } catch {
                    $dbOwner = "sa"
                }
            }
            try {
                $null = $server.AttachDatabase($dbName, $fileStructure, $dbOwner, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AttachOptions]::None)
                return $true
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue mounting database." -ErrorRecord $_
                return $false
            }
        }

        function Start-SqlFileTransfer {
            <#

            SYNOPSIS
            Internal function. Uses BITS to transfer detached files (.mdf, .ndf, .ldf, and filegroups) to
            another server over admin UNC paths. Locations of data files are kept in the
            custom object generated by Get-SqlFileStructure

            #>
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param (
                [object]$fileStructure,
                [string]$dbName
            )
            $filestructure
            $copydb = $fileStructure.databases[$dbName]
            $dbsource = $copydb.source
            $dbdestination = $copydb.destination

            foreach ($file in $dbsource.keys) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($file, "Starting Sql File Transfer")) {
                    $remotefilename = $dbdestination[$file].remotefilename
                    $from = $dbsource[$file].remotefilename
                    try {
                        if (Test-Path $from -pathtype container) {
                            $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $remotefilename -Force
                            Start-BitsTransfer -Source "$from\*.*" -Destination $remotefilename

                            $directories = (Get-ChildItem -recurse $from | Where-Object {
                                    $_.PsIsContainer
                                }).FullName
                            foreach ($directory in $directories) {
                                $newdirectory = $directory.replace($from, $remotefilename)
                                $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $newdirectory -Force
                                Start-BitsTransfer -Source "$directory\*.*" -Destination $newdirectory
                            }
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying $from for $dbName."
                            Start-BitsTransfer -Source $from -Destination $remotefilename
                        }
                    } catch {
                        try {
                            # Sometimes BITS trips out temporarily on cloned drives.
                            Start-BitsTransfer -Source $from -Destination $remotefilename
                        } catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Start-BitsTransfer did not succeed. Now attempting with Copy-Item - no progress bar will be shown."
                            try {
                                Copy-Item -Path $from -Destination $remotefilename -ErrorAction Stop
                                $remotefilename
                            } catch {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Access denied. This can happen for a number of reasons including issues with cloned disks."
                                Stop-Function -Message "Alternatively, you may need to run PowerShell as Administrator, especially when running on localhost." -Target $from -ErrorRecord $_
                                return
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return $true
        }

        function Start-SqlDetachAttach {
            <#

            .SYNOPSIS
            Internal function. Performs checks, then executes Dismount-SqlDatabase on a database, copies its files to the new server,    then performs Mount-SqlDatabase. $sourceServer and $destServer are SMO server objects.

            $fileStructure is a custom object generated by Get-SqlFileStructure

            #>
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param (
                [object]$sourceServer,
                [object]$destServer,
                [object]$fileStructure,
                [string]$dbName
            )
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dbname, "Starting detaching and re-attaching from $sourceServer to $destServer")) {
                $destfilestructure = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
                $sourceFileStructure = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
                $dbOwner = $sourceServer.databases[$dbName].owner
                $destDbName = $fileStructure.databases[$dbName].destinationDbName

                if ($null -eq $dbOwner) {
                    try {
                        $dbOwner = ($destServer.logins | Where-Object {
                                $_.id -eq 1
                            }).Name
                    } catch {
                        $dbOwner = "sa"
                    }
                }

                foreach ($file in $fileStructure.databases[$dbName].destination.values) {
                    $null = $destfilestructure.add($file.physical)
                }
                foreach ($file in $fileStructure.databases[$dbName].source.values) {
                    $null = $sourceFileStructure.add($file.physical)
                }

                $detachresult = Dismount-SqlDatabase $sourceServer $dbName

                if ($detachresult) {

                    $transfer = Start-SqlFileTransfer $fileStructure $dbName
                    if ($transfer -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not copy files."
                        return "Could not copy files."
                    }
                    $attachresult = Mount-SqlDatabase $destServer $destDbName $destfilestructure $dbOwner

                    if ($attachresult -eq $true) {
                        # add to added dbs because ATTACH was successful
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully attached $dbName to $destinstance."
                        return $true
                    } else {
                        # add to failed because ATTACH was unsuccessful
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not attach $dbName."
                        return "Could not attach database."
                    }
                } else {
                    # add to failed because DETACH was unsuccessful
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not detach $dbName."
                    return "Could not detach database."
                }
            }
        }
        $backupCollection = @()
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        # testing twice for whatif reasons
        if ($BackupRestore -and (-not $SharedPath -and -not $UseLastBackup)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "When using -BackupRestore, you must specify -SharedPath or -UseLastBackup"
            return
        }
        if ($SharedPath -and $UseLastBackup) {
            Stop-Function -Message "-SharedPath cannot be used with -UseLastBackup because the backup path is determined by the paths in the last backups"
            return
        }
        if ($DetachAttach -and -not $Reattach -and $Destination.Count -gt 1) {
            Stop-Function -Message "When using -DetachAttach with multiple servers, you must specify -Reattach to reattach database at source"
            return
        }
        if (($AllDatabases -or $IncludeSupportDbs -or $Database) -and !$DetachAttach -and !$BackupRestore) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify -DetachAttach or -BackupRestore when migrating databases."
            return
        }

        if (-not $AllDatabases -and -not $IncludeSupportDbs -and -not $Database -and -not $InputObject) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -AllDatabases or -Database to continue."
            return
        }

        if ((Test-Bound 'NewName') -and (Test-Bound 'Prefix')) {
            Stop-Function -Message "NewName and Prefix are exclusive options, cannot specify both"
            return
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            $Source = $InputObject[0].Parent
            $Database = $InputObject.Name
        }


        if ($Database -contains "master" -or $Database -contains "msdb" -or $Database -contains "tempdb") {
            Stop-Function -Message "Migrating system databases is not currently supported." -Continue
        }

        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }

        Invoke-SmoCheck -SqlInstance $sourceServer
        $sourceNetBios = $sourceServer.ComputerName

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ensuring user databases exist (counting databases)."

        if ($sourceserver.Databases.IsSystemObject -notcontains $false) {
            Stop-Function -Message "No user databases to migrate"
            return
        }

        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            if ($sourceServer.ComputerName -eq $destServer.ComputerName) {
                $script:sameserver = $true
            } else {
                $script:sameserver = $false
            }

            if ($script:sameserver -and $DetachAttach) {
                if (-not (Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $sourceServer)) {
                    return
                }
            }

            $destVersionLower = $destServer.VersionMajor -lt $sourceServer.VersionMajor
            $destVersionMinorLow = ($destServer.VersionMajor -eq 10 -and $sourceServer.VersionMajor -eq 10) -and ($destServer.VersionMinor -lt $sourceServer.VersionMinor)

            if ($destVersionLower -or $destVersionMinorLow) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Error: copy database cannot be made from newer $($sourceServer.VersionString) to older $($destServer.VersionString) SQL Server version."
                return
            }

            if ($DetachAttach) {
                if ($sourceServer.ComputerName -eq $env:COMPUTERNAME -or $destServer.ComputerName -eq $env:COMPUTERNAME) {
                    if (-not ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "When running DetachAttach locally on the console, it's possible you'll need to Run As Administrator. Trying anyway."
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($SharedPath) {
                if ($(Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Path $SharedPath) -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$Source may not be able to access $SharedPath. Trying anyway."
                }

                if ($(Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $destServer -Path $SharedPath) -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$destinstance may not be able to access $SharedPath. Trying anyway."
                }

                if ($SharedPath.StartsWith('\\')) {
                    try {
                        $shareServer = ($SharedPath -split "\\")[2]
                        $hostEntry = ([Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($shareServer)).HostName -split "\."

                        if ($shareServer -ne $hostEntry[0]) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using CNAME records for the network share may present an issue if an SPN has not been created. Trying anyway. If it doesn't work, use a different (A record) hostname."
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Error validating unc path: $_"
                        return
                    }
                }
            }

            $destNetBios = $destserver.ComputerName

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Performing SMO version check."
            Invoke-SmoCheck -SqlInstance $destServer

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking to ensure the source isn't the same as the destination."
            if ($source -eq $destinstance) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Source and Destination SQL Servers instances are the same. Quitting." -Continue
            }

            if ($SharedPath) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking to ensure network path is valid."
                if (-not ($SharedPath.StartsWith("\\")) -and -not $script:sameserver) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Network share must be a valid UNC path (\\server\share)." -Continue
                }

                if (-not $script:sameserver) {
                    try {
                        if ((Test-Path $SharedPath -ErrorAction Stop)) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$SharedPath share can be accessed."
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$SharedPath share cannot be accessed. Still trying anyway, in case the SQL Server service accounts have access."
                    }
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking to ensure server is not SQL Server 7 or below."
            if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 8 -and $destServer.VersionMajor -lt 8) {
                Stop-Function -Message "This script can only be run on SQL Server 2000 and above. Quitting." -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking to ensure detach/attach is not attempted on SQL Server 2000."
            if ($destServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -and $DetachAttach) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Detach/Attach not supported when destination SQL Server is version 2000. Quitting." -Target $destServer -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking to ensure SQL Server 2000 migration isn't directly attempted to SQL Server 2012."
            if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -and $destServer.VersionMajor -gt 10) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server 2000 databases cannot be migrated to SQL Server versions 2012 and above. Quitting." -Target $destServer -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Warning if migration from 2005 to 2012 and above and attach/detach is used."
            if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -eq 9 -and $destServer.VersionMajor -gt 9 -and !$BackupRestore -and !$Force -and $DetachAttach) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Backup and restore is the safest method for migrating from SQL Server 2005 to other SQL Server versions. Please use the -BackupRestore switch or override this requirement by specifying -Force." -Continue
            }

            if ($sourceServer.Collation -ne $destServer.Collation) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Warning on different collation."
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collation on $Source, $($sourceServer.Collation) differs from the $destinstance, $($destServer.Collation)."
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ensuring destination server version is equal to or greater than source."
            if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -ge $destServer.VersionMajor) {
                if ($sourceServer.VersionMinor -gt $destServer.VersionMinor) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Source SQL Server version build must be <= destination SQL Server for database migration." -Continue
                }
            }

            # SMO's filestreamlevel is sometimes null
            $sql = "select coalesce(SERVERPROPERTY('FilestreamConfiguredLevel'),0) as fs"
            $sourceFilestream = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
            $destFilestream = $destServer.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
            if ($sourceFilestream -gt 0 -and $destFilestream -eq 0) {
                $fsWarning = $true
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Writing warning about filestream being enabled."
            if ($fsWarning) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "FILESTREAM enabled on $source but not $destinstance. Databases that use FILESTREAM will be skipped."
            }

            if ($DetachAttach -eq $true) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking access to remote directories."
                $remoteSourcePath = Join-AdminUNC $sourceNetBios (Get-SqlDefaultPaths -SqlInstance $sourceServer -filetype data)

                if ((Test-Path $remoteSourcePath) -ne $true -and $DetachAttach) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't access remote Sql directories on $source which is required to perform detach/copy/attach."
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You can manually try accessing $remoteSourcePath to diagnose any issues."
                    Stop-Function -Message "Halting database migration"
                    return
                }

                $remoteDestPath = Join-AdminUNC $destNetBios (Get-SqlDefaultPaths -SqlInstance $destServer -filetype data)
                If ((Test-Path $remoteDestPath) -ne $true -and $DetachAttach) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't access remote Sql directories on $destinstance which is required to perform detach/copy/attach."
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You can manually try accessing $remoteDestPath to diagnose any issues."
                    Stop-Function -Message "Halting database migration" -Continue
                }
            }

            if (($Database -or $ExcludeDatabase -or $IncludeSupportDbs) -and (!$DetachAttach -and !$BackupRestore)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You did not select a migration method. Please use -BackupRestore or -DetachAttach."
                return
            }

            if ((!$Database -and !$AllDatabases -and !$IncludeSupportDbs) -and ($DetachAttach -or $BackupRestore)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You did not select any databases to migrate. Please use -AllDatabases or -Database or -IncludeSupportDbs."
                return
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Building database list."
            $databaseList = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
            $SupportDBs = "ReportServer", "ReportServerTempDB", "distribution"
            foreach ($currentdb in ($sourceServer.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible)) {
                $dbName = $currentdb.Name
                $dbOwner = $currentdb.Owner

                if ($currentdb.Id -le 4) {
                    continue
                }
                if ($Database -and $Database -notcontains $dbName) {
                    continue
                }
                if ($IncludeSupportDBs -eq $false -and $SupportDBs -contains $dbName) {
                    continue
                }
                if ($IncludeSupportDBs -eq $true -and $SupportDBs -notcontains $dbName) {
                    if ($AllDatabases -eq $false -and $Database.length -eq 0) {
                        continue
                    }
                }
                $null = $databaseList.Add($currentdb)
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Performing count."
            $dbCount = $databaseList.Count

            if ((Test-Bound 'NewName') -and $dbCount -gt 1) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot use NewName when copying multiple databases"
                return
            }


            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Building file structure inventory for $dbCount databases."

            if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
                $sql = "select DB_NAME (dbid) as dbname, name, filename, CASE WHEN groupid = 0 THEN 'LOG' ELSE 'ROWS' END as filetype from sysaltfiles"
            } else {
                $sql = "SELECT db.Name AS dbname, type_desc AS FileType, mf.Name, Physical_Name AS filename FROM sys.master_files mf INNER JOIN  sys.databases db ON db.database_id = mf.database_id"
            }

            $dbFileTable = $sourceServer.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql)

            if ($destServer.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
                $sql = "select DB_NAME (dbid) as dbname, name, filename, CASE WHEN groupid = 0 THEN 'LOG' ELSE 'ROWS' END as filetype from sysaltfiles"
            } else {
                $sql = "SELECT db.Name AS dbname, type_desc AS FileType, mf.Name, Physical_Name AS filename FROM sys.master_files mf INNER JOIN  sys.databases db ON db.database_id = mf.database_id"
            }

            $remoteDbFileTable = $destServer.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql)

            $fileStructure = Get-SqlFileStructure -sourceserver $sourceServer -destserver $destServer -databaselist $databaseList -ReuseSourceFolderStructure $ReuseSourceFolderStructure

            $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
            $started = Get-Date
            $script:TimeNow = (Get-Date -UFormat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")

            if ($AllDatabases -or $ExcludeDatabase -or $IncludeSupportDbs -or $Database) {
                foreach ($currentdb in $databaseList) {
                    $dbName = $currentdb.Name
                    $dbOwner = $currentdb.Owner
                    $destinationDbName = $dbName
                    if ((Test-Bound "NewName")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "NewName specified, copying $dbname as $NewName"
                        $destinationDbName = $NewName
                        $replaceInFile = $True
                    }
                    if ($(Test-Bound "Prefix")) {
                        $destinationDbName = $prefix + $destinationDbName
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Prefix supplied, copying $dbname as $destinationDbName"
                    }

                    $filestructure.databases[$dbname].Add('destinationDbName', $destinationDbName)
                    ForEach ($key in $filestructure.databases[$dbname].Destination.Keys) {
                        $splitFileName = Split-Path $fileStructure.databases[$dbname].Destination[$key].remotefilename -Leaf
                        $SplitPath = Split-Path $fileStructure.databases[$dbname].Destination[$key].remotefilename
                        if ($replaceInFile) {
                            $splitFileName = $splitFileName.replace($dbname, $destinationDbName)
                        }
                        $splitFileName = $prefix + $splitFileName
                        $filestructure.databases[$dbname].Destination.$key.remotefilename = Join-Path $SplitPath $splitFileName
                        $splitFileName = Split-Path $filestructure.databases[$dbname].Destination[$key].physical -Leaf
                        $SplitPath = Split-Path $fileStructure.databases[$dbname].Destination[$key].physical
                        if ($replaceInFile) {
                            $splitFileName = $splitFileName.replace($dbname, $destinationDbName)
                        }
                        $splitFileName = $prefix + $splitFileName
                        $filestructure.databases[$dbname].Destination.$key.physical = Join-Path $SplitPath $splitFileName
                    }

                    $copyDatabaseStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer        = $sourceServer.Name
                        DestinationServer   = $destServer.Name
                        Name                = $dbName
                        DestinationDatabase = $DestinationDbname
                        Type                = "Database"
                        Status              = $null
                        Notes               = $null
                        DateTime            = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "`n######### Database: $dbName #########"
                    $dbStart = Get-Date

                    if ($ExcludeDatabase -contains $dbName) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$dbName excluded. Skipping."
                        continue
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for accessibility."
                    if ($currentdb.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Skipping $dbName. Database is inaccessible.")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping $dbName. Database is inaccessible."

                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Database is not accessible"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($fsWarning) {
                        $fsRows = $dbFileTable.Tables[0].Select("dbname = '$dbName' and FileType = 'FileStream'")

                        if ($fsRows.Count -gt 0) {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Skipping $dbName (contains FILESTREAM).")) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping $dbName (contains FILESTREAM)."
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Contains FILESTREAM"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            }
                            continue
                        }
                    }

                    if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                        $fgRows = $dbFileTable.Tables[0].Select("dbname = '$dbName' and FileType = 'ROWS'")[0]
                        $remotePath = Split-Path $fgRows.Filename

                        if (!(Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $destServer -Path $remotePath)) {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "$remotePath does not exist on $destinstance and ReuseSourceFolderStructure was specified")) {
                                # Stop-Function -Message "Cannot resolve $remotePath on $source. `n`nYou have specified ReuseSourceFolderStructure and exact folder structure does not exist. Halting script."
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "$remotePath does not exist on $destinstance and ReuseSourceFolderStructure was specified" #"Can't resolve $remotePath"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            }
                            continue
                        }
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking Availability Group status."
                    if ($currentdb.AvailabilityGroupName -and !$force -and $DetachAttach) {
                        $agName = $currentdb.AvailabilityGroupName
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database is part of an Availability Group ($agName). Use -Force to drop from $agName and migrate. Alternatively, you can use the safer backup/restore method."
                        continue
                    }

                    $dbStatus = $currentdb.Status.ToString()

                    if ($dbStatus.StartsWith("Normal") -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "$dbName is not in a Normal state. Skipping.")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$dbName is not in a Normal state. Skipping."

                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Not in normal state"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($currentdb.ReplicationOptions -ne "None" -and $DetachAttach -eq $true) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "$dbName is part of replication. Skipping.")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$dbName is part of replication. Skipping."

                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Part of replication"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($currentdb.IsMirroringEnabled -and !$force -and $DetachAttach) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Database is being mirrored. Use -Force to break mirror and migrate. Alternatively, you can use the safer backup/restore method.")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database is being mirrored. Use -Force to break mirror and migrate. Alternatively, you can use the safer backup/restore method."

                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Database is mirrored"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }

                        continue
                    }

                    if (($null -ne $destServer.Databases[$DestinationdbName]) -and !$force -and !$WithReplace) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "$DestinationdbName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate. Aborting routine for this database.")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$DestinationdbName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate. Aborting routine for this database."

                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }
                        continue
                    } elseif ($null -ne $destServer.Databases[$DestinationdbName] -and $force) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "DROP DATABASE $DestinationdbName")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$DestinationdbName already exists. -Force was specified. Dropping $DestinationdbName on $destinstance."
                            $removeresult = Remove-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destserver -Database $DestinationdbName -Confirm:$false
                            $dropResult = $removeresult.Status -eq 'Dropped'

                            if ($dropResult -eq $false) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database could not be dropped. Aborting routine for this database."

                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Could not drop database"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                continue
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($force) {
                        $WithReplace = $true
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Started: $dbStart."

                    if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -ge 9) {
                        $sourceDbOwnerChaining = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].DatabaseOwnershipChaining
                        $sourceDbTrustworthy = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].Trustworthy
                        $sourceDbBrokerEnabled = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].BrokerEnabled
                    }

                    $sourceDbReadOnly = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].ReadOnly

                    if ($SetSourceReadOnly) {
                        If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($source, "Set $dbName to read-only")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting database to read-only."
                            try {
                                $result = Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Database $dbName -ReadOnly -EnableException
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Couldn't set database to read-only. Aborting routine for this database" -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($BackupRestore) {
                        if ($UseLastBackup) {
                            $whatifmsg = "Gathering last backup information for $dbName from $Source and restoring"
                        } else {
                            $whatifmsg = "Backup $dbName from $source and restoring"
                        }
                        If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, $whatifmsg)) {
                            if ($UseLastBackup) {
                                $backupTmpResult = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Database $dbName -IncludeCopyOnly -Last
                                if (-not $backupTmpResult) {
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Type = "Database (BackupRestore)"
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "No backups for $dbName on $source"
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                    continue
                                }
                            } else {
                                $backupTmpResult = $backupCollection | Where-Object Database -eq $dbName
                                if (-not $backupTmpResult) {
                                    $backupTmpResult = Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Database $dbName -BackupDirectory $SharedPath -FileCount $numberfiles -CopyOnly:$CopyOnly
                                }
                                if ($backupTmpResult) {
                                    $backupCollection += $backupTmpResult
                                }
                                $backupResult = $BackupTmpResult.BackupComplete
                                if (-not $backupResult) {
                                    $serviceAccount = $sourceServer.ServiceAccount
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backup Failed. Does SQL Server account $serviceAccount have access to $($SharedPath)? Aborting routine for this database."

                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Backup failed. Verify service account access to $SharedPath."
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                    continue
                                }
                            }
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reuse = $ReuseSourceFolderStructure."
                            try {
                                $msg = $null
                                $restoreResultTmp = $backupTmpResult | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destServer -DatabaseName $DestinationdbName -ReuseSourceFolderStructure:$ReuseSourceFolderStructure -NoRecovery:$NoRecovery -TrustDbBackupHistory -WithReplace:$WithReplace -Continue:$Continue -EnableException -ReplaceDbNameInFile
                            } catch {
                                $msg = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.Message
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failure attempting to restore $dbName to $destinstance" -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException
                            }
                            $restoreResult = $restoreResultTmp.RestoreComplete

                            if ($restoreResult -eq $true) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully restored $dbName to $destinstance."
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Successful"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            } else {
                                if ($ReuseSourceFolderStructure) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to restore $dbName to $destinstance. You specified -ReuseSourceFolderStructure. Does the exact same destination directory structure exist?"
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Aborting routine for this database."

                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Failed to restore. ReuseSourceFolderStructure was specified, verify same directory structure exist on destination."
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                    continue
                                } else {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to restore $dbName to $destinstance. Aborting routine for this database."

                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                    if (-not $msg) {
                                        $msg = "Failed to restore database"
                                    }
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = $msg
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                    continue
                                }
                            }
                            if (-not $NoBackupCleanUp -and $Destination.Count -eq 1) {
                                foreach ($backupFile in ($backupTmpResult.BackupPath)) {
                                    try {
                                        if (Test-Path $backupFile -ErrorAction Stop) {
                                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Deleting $backupFile."
                                            Remove-Item $backupFile -ErrorAction Stop
                                        }
                                    } catch {
                                        try {
                                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Trying alternate SQL method to delete $backupFile."
                                            $sql = "EXEC master.sys.xp_delete_file 0, '$backupFile'"
                                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                            $null = $sourceServer.Query($sql)
                                        } catch {
                                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Cannot delete backup file $backupFile."

                                            # Set NoBackupCleanup so that there's a warning at the end
                                            $NoBackupCleanup = $true
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        $dbFinish = Get-Date
                        if ($NoRecovery -eq $false) {
                            # needed because the newly restored database doesn't show up
                            $destServer.Databases.Refresh()
                            $dbOwner = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].Owner
                            if ($null -eq $dbOwner -or $destServer.Logins.Name -notcontains $dbOwner) {
                                $dbOwner = Get-SaLoginName -SqlInstance $destServer
                            }
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating database owner to $dbOwner."
                            $OwnerResult = Set-DbaDbOwner -SqlInstance $destServer -Database $dbName -TargetLogin $dbOwner -EnableException
                            if ($OwnerResult.Length -eq 0) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to update database owner."
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($DetachAttach) {

                        $copyDatabaseStatus.Type = "Database (DetachAttach)"

                        $sourceFileStructure = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
                        foreach ($file in $fileStructure.Databases[$dbName].Source.Values) {
                            $null = $sourceFileStructure.Add($file.Physical)
                        }

                        $dbOwner = $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].Owner

                        if ($null -eq $dbOwner -or $destServer.Logins.Name -notcontains $dbOwner) {
                            $dbOwner = Get-SaLoginName -SqlInstance $destServer
                        }

                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Detach $dbName from $source and attach, then update dbowner")) {
                            $migrationResult = Start-SqlDetachAttach $sourceServer $destServer $fileStructure $dbName

                            $dbFinish = Get-Date

                            if ($reattach -eq $true) {
                                $sourceServer.Databases.Refresh()
                                $destServer.Databases.Refresh()
                                $result = Mount-SqlDatabase $sourceServer $dbName $sourceFileStructure $dbOwner

                                if ($result -eq $true) {
                                    $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].DatabaseOwnershipChaining = $sourceDbOwnerChaining
                                    $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].Trustworthy = $sourceDbTrustworthy
                                    $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].BrokerEnabled = $sourceDbBrokerEnabled
                                    $sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].Alter()

                                    if ($SetSourceReadOnly -or $sourceDbReadOnly) {
                                        try {
                                            $result = Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Database $dbName -ReadOnly -EnableException
                                        } catch {
                                            Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't set database to read-only" -ErrorRecord $_
                                        }
                                    }
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully reattached $dbName to $source."
                                } else {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not reattach $dbName to $source."
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Could not reattach database to $source"
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                }
                            }

                            if ($migrationResult -eq $true) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully attached $dbName to $destinstance."
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Successful"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            } else {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to attach $dbName to $destinstance. Aborting routine for this database."

                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Notes = "Failed to attach database to destination"
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    $NewDatabase = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destServer -database $DestinationdbName

                    # restore potentially lost settings
                    if ($destServer.VersionMajor -ge 9 -and $NoRecovery -eq $false) {
                        if ($sourceDbOwnerChaining -ne $NewDatabase.DatabaseOwnershipChaining) {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Updating DatabaseOwnershipChaining on $DestinationdbName")) {
                                try {
                                    $NewDatabase.DatabaseOwnershipChaining = $sourceDbOwnerChaining
                                    $NewDatabase.Alter()
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully updated DatabaseOwnershipChaining for $sourceDbOwnerChaining on $DestinationdbName on $destinstance."
                                } catch {
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Successful - failed to apply DatabaseOwnershipChaining."
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to update DatabaseOwnershipChaining for $sourceDbOwnerChaining on $DestinationdbName on $destinstance." -Target $destinstance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($sourceDbTrustworthy -ne $NewDatabase.Trustworthy) {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Updating Trustworthy on $DestinationdbName")) {
                                try {
                                    $NewDatabase.Trustworthy = $sourceDbTrustworthy
                                    $NewDatabase.Alter()
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully updated Trustworthy to $sourceDbTrustworthy for $DestinationdbName on $destinstance"
                                } catch {
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Successful - failed to apply Trustworthy"
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to update Trustworthy to $sourceDbTrustworthy for $DestinationdbName on $destinstance." -Target $destinstance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($sourceDbBrokerEnabled -ne $NewDatabase.BrokerEnabled) {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Updating BrokerEnabled on $dbName")) {
                                try {
                                    $NewDatabase.BrokerEnabled = $sourceDbBrokerEnabled
                                    $NewDatabase.Alter()
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully updated BrokerEnabled to $sourceDbBrokerEnabled for $DestinationdbName on $destinstance."
                                } catch {
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Successful - failed to apply BrokerEnabled"
                                    $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to update BrokerEnabled to $sourceDbBrokerEnabled for $DestinationdbName on $destinstance." -Target $destinstance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($sourceDbReadOnly -ne $NewDatabase.ReadOnly -and -not $NoRecovery) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Updating ReadOnly status on $DestinationdbName")) {
                            try {
                                if ($sourceDbReadOnly) {
                                    $result = Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance $destserver -Database $DestinationdbName -ReadOnly -EnableException
                                } else {
                                    $result = Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance $destserver -Database $DestinationdbName -ReadWrite -EnableException
                                }
                            } catch {
                                $copyDatabaseStatus.Status = "Successful - failed to apply ReadOnly."
                                $copyDatabaseStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to update ReadOnly status on $DestinationdbName." -Target $destinstance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($SetSourceOffline -and $sourceServer.databases[$DestinationdbName].status -notlike '*offline*') {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Setting $DestinationdbName offline on $source")) {
                            Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Database $DestinationdbName
                            Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance $sourceServer -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -database $DestinationdbName -Offline
                        }
                    }

                    $dbTotalTime = $dbFinish - $dbStart
                    $dbTotalTime = ($dbTotalTime.ToString().Split(".")[0])

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finished: $dbFinish."
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Elapsed time: $dbTotalTime."

                } # end db by db processing
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }
        if (-not $NoBackupCleanUp -and $Destination.Count -gt 1) {
            foreach ($backupFile in ($backupCollection.BackupPath)) {
                try {
                    if (Test-Path $backupFile -ErrorAction Stop) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Deleting $backupFile."
                        Remove-Item $backupFile -ErrorAction Stop
                    }
                } catch {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Trying alternate SQL method to delete $backupFile."
                        $sql = "EXEC master.sys.xp_delete_file 0, '$backupFile'"
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        $null = $sourceServer.Query($sql)
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Cannot delete backup file $backupFile."
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }
        if ($null -ne $elapsed) {
            $totalTime = ($elapsed.Elapsed.toString().Split(".")[0])

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "`nDatabase migration finished"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migration started: $started"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migration completed: $(Get-Date)"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Total Elapsed time: $totalTime"

            if ($SharedPath -and $NoBackupCleanup) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backups still exist at $SharedPath."
            }
        } else {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No work was done, as we stopped during setup phase"
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlDatabase
    }
}
function Copy-DbaDataCollector {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Migrates user SQL Data Collector collection sets. SQL Data Collector configuration is on the agenda, but it's hard.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all data collector objects are migrated. If the object already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

        The -CollectionSet parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific objects.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination Sql Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER CollectionSet
        The collection set(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all collection sets will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeCollectionSet
        The collection set(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER NoServerReconfig
        Upcoming parameter to enable server reconfiguration

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If collection sets exists on destination server, it will be dropped and recreated.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration,DataCollection
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaDataCollector

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDataCollector -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all Data Collector Objects and Configurations from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDataCollector -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred

        Copies all Data Collector Objects and Configurations from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDataCollector -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDataCollector -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -CollectionSet 'Server Activity', 'Table Usage Analysis'

        Copies two Collection Sets, Server Activity and Table Usage Analysis, from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$CollectionSet,
        [object[]]$ExcludeCollectionSet,
        [switch]$NoServerReconfig,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $sourceSqlConn = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
        $sourceSqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $sourceSqlConn
        $sourceStore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Collector.CollectorConfigStore $sourceSqlStoreConnection
        $configDb = $sourceStore.ScriptAlter().GetScript() | Out-String
        $configDb = $configDb -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destReplace'"
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {

            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            if ($NoServerReconfig -eq $false) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Server reconfiguration not yet supported. Only Collection Set migration will be migrated at this time.")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server reconfiguration not yet supported. Only Collection Set migration will be migrated at this time."
                    $NoServerReconfig = $true

                    <# for future use when this support is added #>
                    $copyServerConfigStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                        DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                        Name              = $userName
                        Type              = "Data Collection Server Config"
                        Status            = "Skipped"
                        Notes             = "Not supported at this time"
                        DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }
                    $copyServerConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
            }
            $destSqlConn = $destServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            $destSqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $destSqlConn
            $destStore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Collector.CollectorConfigStore $destSqlStoreConnection

            if (!$NoServerReconfig) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Attempting to modify Data Collector configuration")) {
                    try {
                        $sql = "Unknown at this time"
                        $destServer.Query($sql)
                        $destStore.Alter()
                    } catch {
                        $copyServerConfigStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyServerConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue modifying Data Collector configuration" -Target $destServer -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($destStore.Enabled -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "The Data Collector must be setup initially for Collection Sets to be migrated. Setup the Data Collector and try again."
                continue
            }

            $storeCollectionSets = $sourceStore.CollectionSets | Where-Object { $_.IsSystem -eq $false }
            if ($CollectionSet) {
                $storeCollectionSets = $storeCollectionSets | Where-Object Name -In $CollectionSet
            }
            if ($ExcludeCollectionSet) {
                $storeCollectionSets = $storeCollectionSets | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeCollectionSet
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating collection sets"
            foreach ($set in $storeCollectionSets) {
                $collectionName = $set.Name

                $copyCollectionSetStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $collectionName
                    Type              = "Collection Set"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($null -ne $destStore.CollectionSets[$collectionName]) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Collection Set '$collectionName' was skipped because it already exists on $destinstance. Use -Force to drop and recreate")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collection Set '$collectionName' was skipped because it already exists on $destinstance. Use -Force to drop and recreate"

                            $copyCollectionSetStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyCollectionSetStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyCollectionSetStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Attempting to drop $collectionName")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collection Set '$collectionName' exists on $destinstance"
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force specified. Dropping $collectionName."

                            try {
                                $destStore.CollectionSets[$collectionName].Drop()
                            } catch {
                                $copyCollectionSetStatus.Status = "Failed to drop on destination"
                                $copyCollectionSetStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                                $copyCollectionSetStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping collection" -Target $collectionName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Migrating collection set $collectionName")) {
                    try {
                        $sql = $set.ScriptCreate().GetScript() | Out-String
                        $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destinstance'"
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating collection set $collectionName"
                        $destServer.Query($sql)

                        $copyCollectionSetStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyCollectionSetStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyCollectionSetStatus.Status = "Failed to create collection"
                        $copyCollectionSetStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating collection set" -Target $collectionName -ErrorRecord $_
                    }

                    try {
                        if ($set.IsRunning) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting collection set $collectionName"
                            $destStore.CollectionSets.Refresh()
                            $destStore.CollectionSets[$collectionName].Start()
                        }

                        $copyCollectionSetStatus.Status = "Successful started Collection"
                        $copyCollectionSetStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyCollectionSetStatus.Status = "Failed to start collection"
                        $copyCollectionSetStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                        $copyCollectionSetStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue starting collection set" -Target $collectionName -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlDataCollector
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-DbaSqlDataCollector
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
    }
}
function Copy-DbaDbAssembly {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaDbAssembly migrates assemblies from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all assemblies are copied.

        If the assembly already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

        This script does not yet copy dependencies or dependent objects.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Assembly
        The assembly(ies) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all assemblies will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeAssembly
        The assembly(ies) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, existing assemblies on Destination with matching names from Source will be dropped.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Assembly
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        http://dbatools.io/Get-SqlDatabaseAssembly

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbAssembly -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all assemblies from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If assemblies with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbAssembly -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Assembly dbname.assemblyname, dbname3.anotherassembly -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force

        Copies two assemblies, the dbname.assemblyname and dbname3.anotherassembly from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If an assembly with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.

        In this example, anotherassembly will be copied to the dbname3 database on the server sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbAssembly -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Assembly,
        [object[]]$ExcludeAssembly,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $sourceAssemblies = @()
        foreach ($database in ($sourceServer.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible)) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $database on source"

            try {
                # a bug here requires a try/catch
                $userAssemblies = $database.Assemblies | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
                foreach ($assembly in $userAssemblies) {
                    $sourceAssemblies += $assembly
                }
            } catch {
                #here to avoid an empty catch
                $null = 1
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            $destAssemblies = @()
            foreach ($database in $destServer.Databases) {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $database on destination"
                try {
                    # a bug here requires a try/catch
                    $userAssemblies = $database.Assemblies | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
                    foreach ($assembly in $userAssemblies) {
                        $destAssemblies += $assembly
                    }
                } catch {
                    #here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }
            }
            foreach ($currentAssembly in $sourceAssemblies) {
                $assemblyName = $currentAssembly.Name
                $dbName = $currentAssembly.Parent.Name
                $destDb = $destServer.Databases[$dbName]
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $assemblyName on $dbname"
                $copyDbAssemblyStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer        = $sourceServer.Name
                    SourceDatabase      = $dbName
                    DestinationServer   = $destServer.Name
                    DestinationDatabase = $destDb
                    type                = "Database Assembly"
                    Name                = $assemblyName
                    Status              = $null
                    Notes               = $null
                    DateTime            = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }


                if (!$destDb) {
                    $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Notes = "Destination database does not exist"
                    $copyDbAssemblyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Destination database $dbName does not exist. Skipping $assemblyName.";
                    continue
                }

                if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Assembly) -and $Assembly -notcontains "$dbName.$assemblyName" -or $ExcludeAssembly -contains "$dbName.$assemblyName") {
                    continue
                }

                if ($currentAssembly.AssemblySecurityLevel -eq "External" -and -not $destDb.Trustworthy) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Setting $dbName to External")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $dbName Security Level to External on $destinstance."
                        $sql = "ALTER DATABASE $dbName SET TRUSTWORTHY ON"
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                            $destServer.Query($sql)
                        } catch {
                            $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyDbAssemblyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue setting security level." -Target $destDb -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($destServer.Databases[$dbName].Assemblies.Name -contains $currentAssembly.name) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                        $copyDbAssemblyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Assembly $assemblyName exists at destination in the $dbName database. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping assembly $assemblyName and recreating")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping assembly $assemblyName."
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "This won't work if there are dependencies."
                                $destServer.Databases[$dbName].Assemblies[$assemblyName].Drop()
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying assembly $assemblyName."
                                $sql = $currentAssembly.Script()
                                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                $destServer.Query($sql, $dbName)
                            } catch {
                                $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyDbAssemblyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping assembly." -Target $assemblyName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating assembly $assemblyName")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying assembly $assemblyName from database."
                        $sql = $currentAssembly.Script()
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        $destServer.Query($sql, $dbName)

                        $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyDbAssemblyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    } catch {
                        $copyDbAssemblyStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyDbAssemblyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating assembly." -Target $assemblyName -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlDatabaseAssembly
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-DbaDatabaseAssembly
    }
}
function Copy-DbaDbMail {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Migrates Mail Profiles, Accounts, Mail Servers and Mail Server Configs from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all mail configurations for Profiles, Accounts, Mail Servers and Configs are copied.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Type
        Specifies the object type to migrate. Valid options are "Job", "Alert" and "Operator". When Type is specified, all categories from the selected type will be migrated.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, existing objects on Destination with matching names from Source will be dropped.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Mail
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaDbMail

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbMail -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all database mail objects from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials. If database mail objects with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbMail -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred

        Copies all database mail objects from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbMail -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbMail -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -EnableException

        Performs execution of function, and will throw a terminating exception if something breaks

    #>
    [cmdletbinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'SpecificTypes')]
        [ValidateSet('ConfigurationValues', 'Profiles', 'Accounts', 'mailServers')]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function Copy-DbaDbMailConfig {
            [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param ()

            Write-Message -Message "Migrating mail server configuration values." -Level Verbose
            $copyMailConfigStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Name              = "Server Configuration"
                Type              = "Mail Configuration"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }
            if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Migrating all mail server configuration values.")) {
                try {
                    $sql = $mail.ConfigurationValues.Script() | Out-String
                    $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destinstance'"
                    Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                    $destServer.Query($sql) | Out-Null
                    $mail.ConfigurationValues.Refresh()
                    $copyMailConfigStatus.Status = "Successful"
                } catch {
                    $copyMailConfigStatus.Status = "Failed"
                    $copyMailConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to migrate mail configuration." -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer
                }
                $copyMailConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
            }
        }

        function Copy-DbaDatabaseAccount {
            [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            $sourceAccounts = $sourceServer.Mail.Accounts
            $destAccounts = $destServer.Mail.Accounts

            Write-Message -Message "Migrating accounts." -Level Verbose
            foreach ($account in $sourceAccounts) {
                $accountName = $account.name
                $copyMailAccountStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $accountName
                    Type              = "Mail Account"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($accounts.count -gt 0 -and $accounts -notcontains $accountName) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destAccounts.name -contains $accountName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        If ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Account $accountName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate.")) {
                            $copyMailAccountStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyMailAccountStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyMailAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Message "Account $accountName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate." -Level Verbose
                        }
                        continue
                    }

                    If ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping account $accountName and recreating.")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Message "Dropping account $accountName." -Level Verbose
                            $destServer.Mail.Accounts[$accountName].Drop()
                            $destServer.Mail.Accounts.Refresh()
                        } catch {
                            $copyMailAccountStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyMailAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping account." -Target $accountName -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Migrating account $accountName.")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Copying mail account $accountName." -Level Verbose
                        $sql = $account.Script() | Out-String
                        $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destinstance'"
                        Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                        $destServer.Query($sql) | Out-Null
                        $copyMailAccountStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    } catch {
                        $copyMailAccountStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyMailAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying mail account." -Target $accountName -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_
                    }
                    $copyMailAccountStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
            }
        }

        function Copy-DbaDbMailProfile {

            $sourceProfiles = $sourceServer.Mail.Profiles
            $destProfiles = $destServer.Mail.Profiles

            Write-Message -Message "Migrating mail profiles." -Level Verbose
            foreach ($profile in $sourceProfiles) {

                $profileName = $profile.name
                $copyMailProfileStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $profileName
                    Type              = "Mail Profile"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($profiles.count -gt 0 -and $profiles -notcontains $profileName) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destProfiles.name -contains $profileName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        If ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Profile $profileName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate.")) {
                            $copyMailProfileStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyMailProfileStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyMailProfileStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Message "Profile $profileName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate." -Level Verbose
                        }
                        continue
                    }

                    If ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping profile $profileName and recreating.")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Message "Dropping profile $profileName." -Level Verbose
                            $destServer.Mail.Profiles[$profileName].Drop()
                            $destServer.Mail.Profiles.Refresh()
                        } catch {
                            $copyMailProfileStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyMailProfileStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping profile." -Target $profileName -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Migrating mail profile $profileName.")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Copying mail profile $profileName." -Level Verbose
                        $sql = $profile.Script() | Out-String
                        $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destinstance'"
                        Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                        $destServer.Query($sql) | Out-Null
                        $destServer.Mail.Profiles.Refresh()
                        $copyMailProfileStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    } catch {
                        $copyMailProfileStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyMailProfileStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying mail profile." -Target $profileName -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_
                    }
                    $copyMailProfileStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
            }
        }

        function Copy-DbaDbMailServer {
            [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            $sourceMailServers = $sourceServer.Mail.Accounts.MailServers
            $destMailServers = $destServer.Mail.Accounts.MailServers

            Write-Message -Message "Migrating mail servers." -Level Verbose
            foreach ($mailServer in $sourceMailServers) {
                $mailServerName = $mailServer.name
                $copyMailServerStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $mailServerName
                    Type              = "Mail Server"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }
                if ($mailServers.count -gt 0 -and $mailServers -notcontains $mailServerName) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destMailServers.name -contains $mailServerName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Mail server $mailServerName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate.")) {
                            $copyMailServerStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyMailServerStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyMailServerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Write-Message -Message "Mail server $mailServerName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate." -Level Verbose
                        }
                        continue
                    }

                    If ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping mail server $mailServerName and recreating.")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Message "Dropping mail server $mailServerName." -Level Verbose
                            $destServer.Mail.Accounts.MailServers[$mailServerName].Drop()
                        } catch {
                            $copyMailServerStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyMailServerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping mail server." -Target $mailServerName -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Migrating account mail server $mailServerName.")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Copying mail server $mailServerName." -Level Verbose
                        $sql = $mailServer.Script() | Out-String
                        $sql = $sql -replace [Regex]::Escape("'$source'"), "'$destinstance'"
                        Write-Message -Message $sql -Level Debug
                        $destServer.Query($sql) | Out-Null
                        $copyMailServerStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    } catch {
                        $copyMailServerStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyMailServerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue copying mail server" -Target $mailServerName -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_
                    }
                    $copyMailServerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
            }
        }

        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $mail = $sourceServer.mail
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            if ($type.Count -gt 0) {

                switch ($type) {
                    "ConfigurationValues" {
                        Copy-DbaDbMailConfig
                        $destServer.Mail.ConfigurationValues.Refresh()
                    }

                    "Profiles" {
                        Copy-DbaDbMailProfile
                        $destServer.Mail.Profiles.Refresh()
                    }

                    "Accounts" {
                        Copy-DbaDatabaseAccount
                        $destServer.Mail.Accounts.Refresh()
                    }

                    "mailServers" {
                        Copy-DbaDbMailServer
                    }
                }

                continue
            }

            if (($profiles.count + $accounts.count + $mailServers.count) -gt 0) {

                if ($profiles.count -gt 0) {
                    Copy-DbaDbMailProfile -Profiles $profiles
                    $destServer.Mail.Profiles.Refresh()
                }

                if ($accounts.count -gt 0) {
                    Copy-DbaDatabaseAccount -Accounts $accounts
                    $destServer.Mail.Accounts.Refresh()
                }

                if ($mailServers.count -gt 0) {
                    Copy-DbaDbMailServer -mailServers $mailServers
                }

                continue
            }

            Copy-DbaDbMailConfig
            $destServer.Mail.ConfigurationValues.Refresh()
            Copy-DbaDatabaseAccount
            $destServer.Mail.Accounts.Refresh()
            Copy-DbaDbMailProfile
            $destServer.Mail.Profiles.Refresh()
            Copy-DbaDbMailServer
            $copyMailConfigStatus
            $copyMailAccountStatus
            $copyMailProfileStatus
            $copyMailServerStatus
            $enableDBMailStatus

            <# ToDo: Use Get/Set-DbaSpConfigure once the dynamic parameters are replaced. #>

            if (($sourceDbMailEnabled -eq 1) -and ($destDbMailEnabled -eq 0)) {
                if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Enabling Database Mail")) {
                    $sourceDbMailEnabled = ($sourceServer.Configuration.DatabaseMailEnabled).ConfigValue
                    Write-Message -Message "$sourceServer DBMail configuration value: $sourceDbMailEnabled." -Level Verbose

                    $destDbMailEnabled = ($destServer.Configuration.DatabaseMailEnabled).ConfigValue
                    Write-Message -Message "$destServer DBMail configuration value: $destDbMailEnabled." -Level Verbose
                    $enableDBMailStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.name
                        DestinationServer = $destServer.name
                        Name              = "Enabled on Destination"
                        Type              = "Mail Configuration"
                        Status            = if ($destDbMailEnabled -eq 1) { "Enabled" } else { $null }
                        DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Enabling Database Mail on $destServer." -Level Verbose
                        $destServer.Configuration.DatabaseMailEnabled.ConfigValue = 1
                        $destServer.Alter()
                        $enableDBMailStatus.Status = "Successful"
                    } catch {
                        $enableDBMailStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $enableDBMailStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        Stop-Function -Message "Cannot enable Database Mail." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer
                    }
                    $enableDBMailStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlDatabaseMail
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-DbaDatabaseMail
    }
}
function Copy-DbaDbQueryStoreOption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copies the configuration of a Query Store enabled database and sets the copied configuration on other databases.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Copies the configuration of a Query Store enabled database and sets the copied configuration on other databases.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2016 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER SourceDatabase
        Specifies the database to copy the Query Store configuration from.

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2016 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER DestinationDatabase
        Specifies a list of databases that will receive a copy of the Query Store configuration of the SourceDatabase.

    .PARAMETER Exclude
        Specifies a list of databases which will NOT receive a copy of the Query Store configuration.

    .PARAMETER AllDatabases
        If this switch is enabled, the Query Store configuration will be copied to all databases on the destination instance.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: QueryStore
        Author: Enrico van de Laar (@evdlaar)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-QueryStoreConfig

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbQueryStoreOption -Source ServerA\SQL -SourceDatabase AdventureWorks -Destination ServerB\SQL -AllDatabases

        Copy the Query Store configuration of the AdventureWorks database in the ServerA\SQL instance and apply it on all user databases in the ServerB\SQL Instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbQueryStoreOption -Source ServerA\SQL -SourceDatabase AdventureWorks -Destination ServerB\SQL -DestinationDatabase WorldWideTraders

        Copy the Query Store configuration of the AdventureWorks database in the ServerA\SQL instance and apply it to the WorldWideTraders database in the ServerB\SQL Instance.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object]$SourceDatabase,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$DestinationDatabase,
        [object[]]$Exclude,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Copy-DbaQueryStoreConfig
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $Source." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            # Grab the Query Store configuration from the SourceDatabase through the Get-DbaQueryStoreConfig function
            $SourceQSConfig = Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOption -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Database $SourceDatabase

            if (!$DestinationDatabase -and !$Exclude -and !$AllDatabases) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify databases to execute against using either -DestinationDatabase, -Exclude or -AllDatabases." -Continue
            }

            foreach ($destinationServer in $destinstance) {

                try {
                    $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
                }

                # We have to exclude all the system databases since they cannot have the Query Store feature enabled
                $dbs = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destServer -ExcludeSystem

                if ($DestinationDatabase.count -gt 0) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $DestinationDatabase -contains $_.Name }
                }

                if ($Exclude.count -gt 0) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $exclude -notcontains $_.Name }
                }

                if ($dbs.count -eq 0) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "No matching databases found. Check the spelling and try again." -Continue
                }

                foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                    # skipping the database if the source and destination are the same instance
                    if (($sourceServer.Name -eq $destinationServer) -and ($SourceDatabase -eq $db.Name)) {
                        continue
                    }
                    Write-Message -Message "Processing destination database: $db on $destinationServer." -Level Verbose
                    $copyQueryStoreStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.name
                        SourceDatabase    = $SourceDatabase
                        DestinationServer = $destinationServer
                        Name              = $db.name
                        Type              = "QueryStore Configuration"
                        Status            = $null
                        DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }

                    if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                        $copyQueryStoreStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        Stop-Function -Message "The database $db on server $destinationServer is not accessible. Skipping database." -Continue
                    }

                    Write-Message -Message "Executing Set-DbaQueryStoreConfig." -Level Verbose
                    # Set the Query Store configuration through the Set-DbaQueryStoreConfig function
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db", "Copying QueryStoreConfig")) {
                        try {

                            $setDbaDbQueryStoreOptionParameters = @{

                                SqlInstance         = $destinationServer;
                                SqlCredential       = $DestinationSqlCredential;
                                Database            = $db.name;
                                State               = $SourceQSConfig.ActualState;
                                FlushInterval       = $SourceQSConfig.DataFlushIntervalInSeconds;
                                CollectionInterval  = $SourceQSConfig.StatisticsCollectionIntervalInMinutes;
                                MaxSize             = $SourceQSConfig.MaxStorageSizeInMB;
                                CaptureMode         = $SourceQSConfig.QueryCaptureMode;
                                CleanupMode         = $SourceQSConfig.SizeBasedCleanupMode;
                                StaleQueryThreshold = $SourceQSConfig.StaleQueryThresholdInDays;
                            }

                            $null = Set-DbaDbQueryStoreOption @setDbaDbQueryStoreOptionParameters;
                            $copyQueryStoreStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        } catch {
                            $copyQueryStoreStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue setting Query Store on $db." -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                        $copyQueryStoreStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Copy-DbaDbTableData {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copies data between SQL Server tables.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Copies data between SQL Server tables using SQL Bulk Copy.
        The same can be achieved also doing
        $sourcetable = Invoke-DbaQuery -SqlInstance instance1 ... -As DataTable
        Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance ... -InputObject $sourcetable
        but it will force buffering the contents on the table in memory (high RAM usage for large tables).
        With this function, a streaming copy will be done in the most speedy and least resource-intensive way.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Source SQL Server.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination Sql Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database to copy the table from.

    .PARAMETER DestinationDatabase
        The database to copy the table to. If not specified, it is assumed to be the same of Database

    .PARAMETER Table
        Define a specific table you would like to use as source. You can specify a three-part name like db.sch.tbl.
        If the object has special characters please wrap them in square brackets [ ].
        This dbo.First.Table will try to find table named 'Table' on schema 'First' and database 'dbo'.
        The correct way to find table named 'First.Table' on schema 'dbo' is passing dbo.[First.Table]

    .PARAMETER DestinationTable
        The table you want to use as destination. If not specified, it is assumed to be the same of Table

    .PARAMETER Query
        If you want to copy only a portion of a table or selected tables, specify the query.
        Ensure to select all required columns. Calculated Columns or columns with default values may be excluded.
        The tablename should be a full three-part name in form [Database].[Schema].[Table]

    .PARAMETER AutoCreateTable
        Creates the destination table if it does not already exist, based off of the "Export..." script of the source table.

    .PARAMETER BatchSize
        The BatchSize for the import defaults to 5000.

    .PARAMETER NotifyAfter
        Sets the option to show the notification after so many rows of import

    .PARAMETER NoTableLock
        If this switch is enabled, a table lock (TABLOCK) will not be placed on the destination table. By default, this operation will lock the destination table while running.

    .PARAMETER CheckConstraints
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to process check constraints will be enabled.

        Per Microsoft "Check constraints while data is being inserted. By default, constraints are not checked."

    .PARAMETER FireTriggers
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to fire insert triggers will be enabled.

        Per Microsoft "When specified, cause the server to fire the insert triggers for the rows being inserted into the Database."

    .PARAMETER KeepIdentity
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to preserve source identity values will be enabled.

        Per Microsoft "Preserve source identity values. When not specified, identity values are assigned by the destination."

    .PARAMETER KeepNulls
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to preserve NULL values will be enabled.

        Per Microsoft "Preserve null values in the destination table regardless of the settings for default values. When not specified, null values are replaced by default values where applicable."

    .PARAMETER Truncate
        If this switch is enabled, the destination table will be truncated after prompting for confirmation.

    .PARAMETER BulkCopyTimeOut
        Value in seconds for the BulkCopy operations timeout. The default is 30 seconds.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping of Table objects from Get-DbaDbTable

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration
        Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphlod)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaDbTableData

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbTableData -SqlInstance sql1 -Destination sql2 -Database dbatools_from -Table dbo.test_table

        Copies all the data from table dbo.test_table in database dbatools_from on sql1 to table test_table in database dbatools_from on sql2.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbTableData -SqlInstance sql1 -Destination sql2 -Database dbatools_from -DestinationDatabase dbatools_dest -Table [Schema].[test table]

        Copies all the data from table [Schema].[test table] in database dbatools_from on sql1 to table [Schema].[test table] in database dbatools_dest on sql2

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance sql1 -Database tempdb -Table tb1, tb2 | Copy-DbaDbTableData -DestinationTable tb3

        Copies all data from tables tb1 and tb2 in tempdb on sql1 to tb3 in tempdb on sql1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance sql1 -Database tempdb -Table tb1, tb2 | Copy-DbaDbTableData -Destination sql2

        Copies data from tbl1 in tempdb on sql1 to tbl1 in tempdb on sql2
        then
        Copies data from tbl2 in tempdb on sql1 to tbl2 in tempdb on sql2

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbTableData -SqlInstance sql1 -Destination sql2 -Database dbatools_from -Table test_table -KeepIdentity -Truncate

        Copies all the data in table test_table from sql1 to sql2, using the database dbatools_from, keeping identity columns and truncating the destination

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $params = @{
        >> SourceSqlInstance = 'sql1'
        >> DestinationSqlInstance = 'sql2'
        >> Database = 'dbatools_from'
        >> DestinationDatabase = 'dbatools_dest'
        >> Table = '[Schema].[Table]'
        >> DestinationTable = '[dbo].[Table.Copy]'
        >> KeepIdentity = $true
        >> KeepNulls = $true
        >> Truncate = $true
        >> BatchSize = 10000
        >> }
        >>
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaDbTableData @params

        Copies all the data from table [Schema].[Table] in database dbatools_from on sql1 to table [dbo].[Table.Copy] in database dbatools_dest on sql2
        Keeps identity columns and Nulls, truncates the destination and processes in BatchSize of 10000.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "Source")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [string]$Database,
        [string]$DestinationDatabase,
        [string[]]$Table,
        [string]$Query,
        [switch]$AutoCreateTable,
        [int]$BatchSize = 50000,
        [int]$NotifyAfter = 5000,
        [string]$DestinationTable,
        [switch]$NoTableLock,
        [switch]$CheckConstraints,
        [switch]$FireTriggers,
        [switch]$KeepIdentity,
        [switch]$KeepNulls,
        [switch]$Truncate,
        [int]$bulkCopyTimeOut = 5000,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Table[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Getting the total rows copied is a challenge. Use SqlBulkCopyExtension.
        # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1188384/sqlbulkcopy-row-count-when-complete

        $sourcecode = 'namespace System.Data.SqlClient {
            using Reflection;

            public static class SqlBulkCopyExtension
            {
                const String _rowsCopiedFieldName = "_rowsCopied";
                static FieldInfo _rowsCopiedField = null;

                public static int RowsCopiedCount(this SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy)
                {
                    if (_rowsCopiedField == null) _rowsCopiedField = typeof(SqlBulkCopy).GetField(_rowsCopiedFieldName, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.Instance);
                    return (int)_rowsCopiedField.GetValue(bulkCopy);
                }
            }
        }'
        
        Add-Type -ReferencedAssemblies System.Data.dll -TypeDefinition $sourcecode -ErrorAction Stop
        if (-not $script:core) {
            try {
                Add-Type -ReferencedAssemblies System.Data.dll -TypeDefinition $sourcecode -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                $null = 1
            }
        }
        
        $bulkCopyOptions = 0
        $options = "TableLock", "CheckConstraints", "FireTriggers", "KeepIdentity", "KeepNulls", "Default"

        foreach ($option in $options) {
            $optionValue = Get-Variable $option -ValueOnly -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            if ($option -eq "TableLock" -and (!$NoTableLock)) {
                $optionValue = $true
            }
            if ($optionValue -eq $true) {
                $bulkCopyOptions += $([Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopyOptions]::$option).value__
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Table, SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName InputObject)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must pipe in a table or specify SqlInstance, Database and Table."
            return
        }

        if ($SqlInstance) {
            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Database is required when passing a SqlInstance" -Target $Table
                return
            }

            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Destination, DestinationDatabase, DestinationTable)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot copy $Table into itself. One of destination Server, Database or Table must be specified " -Target $Table
                return
            }

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }

            if ($Database -notin $server.Databases.Name) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Database $Database doesn't exist on $server"
                return
            }

            try {
                foreach ($tbl in $Table) {
                    $dbTable = Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance $server -Table $tbl -Database $Database -EnableException -Verbose:$false
                    if ($dbTable.Count -eq 1) {
                        $InputObject += $dbTable
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "The table $tbl matches $($dbTable.Count) objects. Unable to determine which object to copy" -Continue
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to determine source table : $Table"
                return
            }
        }

        foreach ($sqltable in $InputObject) {
            $Database = $sqltable.Parent.Name
            $server = $sqltable.Parent.Parent

            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName DestinationTable)) {
                $DestinationTable = '[' + $sqltable.Schema + '].[' + $sqltable.Name + ']'
            }

            $newTableParts = Get-TableNameParts $DestinationTable
            #using FQTN to determine database name
            if ($newTableParts.Database) {
                $DestinationDatabase = $newTableParts.Database
            } elseif ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName DestinationDatabase)) {
                $DestinationDatabase = $Database
            }

            if (-not $Destination) {
                $Destination = $server
            }

            foreach ($destinationserver in $Destination) {
                try {
                    $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinationserver -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinationserver
                    return
                }

                if ($DestinationDatabase -notin $destServer.Databases.Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database $DestinationDatabase doesn't exist on $destServer"
                    return
                }

                $desttable = Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance $destServer -Table $DestinationTable -Database $DestinationDatabase -Verbose:$false | Select-Object -First 1
                if (-not $desttable -and $AutoCreateTable) {
                    try {
                        $tablescript = $sqltable | Export-DbaScript -Passthru | Out-String
                        #replacing table name
                        if ($newTableParts.Table) {
                            $rX = "(CREATE TABLE \[$([regex]::Escape($sqltable.Schema))\]\.\[)$([regex]::Escape($sqltable.Name))(\]\()"
                            $tablescript = $tablescript -replace $rX, "`$1$($newTableParts.Table)`$2"
                        }
                        #replacing table schema
                        if ($newTableParts.Schema) {
                            $rX = "(CREATE TABLE \[)$([regex]::Escape($sqltable.Schema))(\]\.\[$([regex]::Escape($newTableParts.Schema))\]\()"
                            $tablescript = $tablescript -replace $rX, "`$1$($newTableParts.Schema)`$2"
                        }

                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Creating new table: $DestinationTable")) {
                            Write-Message -Message "New table script: $tablescript" -Level VeryVerbose
                            Invoke-DbaQuery -SqlInstance $destServer -Database $DestinationDatabase -Query "$tablescript" -EnableException # add some string assurance there
                            #table list was updated, let's grab a fresh one
                            $destServer.Databases[$DestinationDatabase].Tables.Refresh()
                            $desttable = Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance $destServer -Table $DestinationTable -Database $DestinationDatabase -Verbose:$false
                            Write-Message -Message "New table created: $desttable" -Level Verbose
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Unable to determine destination table: $DestinationTable" -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                }
                if (-not $desttable) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Table $DestinationTable cannot be found in $DestinationDatabase. Use -AutoCreateTable to automatically create the table on the destination." -Continue
                }

                $connstring = $destServer.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString

                if ($server.DatabaseEngineType -eq "SqlAzureDatabase") {
                    $fqtnfrom = "$sqltable"
                } else {
                    $fqtnfrom = "$($server.Databases[$Database]).$sqltable"
                }

                if ($destServer.DatabaseEngineType -eq "SqlAzureDatabase") {
                    $fqtndest = "$desttable"
                } else {
                    $fqtndest = "$($destServer.Databases[$DestinationDatabase]).$desttable"
                }

                if ($fqtndest -eq $fqtnfrom -and $server.Name -eq $destServer.Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Cannot copy $fqtnfrom on $($server.Name) into $fqtndest on ($destServer.Name). Source and Destination must be different " -Target $Table
                    return
                }


                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Query -Not) {
                    $Query = "SELECT * FROM $fqtnfrom"
                }
                try {
                    if ($Truncate -eq $true) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Truncating table $fqtndest")) {
                            $null = $destServer.Databases[$DestinationDatabase].ExecuteNonQuery("TRUNCATE TABLE $fqtndest")
                        }
                    }
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Copy data from $fqtnfrom")) {
                        $cmd = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject.CreateCommand()
                        $cmd.CommandText = $Query
                        if ($server.ConnectionContext.IsOpen -eq $false) {
                            $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject.Open()
                        }
                        $bulkCopy = New-Object Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy("$connstring;Database=$DestinationDatabase", $bulkCopyOptions)
                        $bulkCopy.DestinationTableName = $fqtndest
                        $bulkCopy.EnableStreaming = $true
                        $bulkCopy.BatchSize = $BatchSize
                        $bulkCopy.NotifyAfter = $NotifyAfter
                        $bulkCopy.BulkCopyTimeOut = $BulkCopyTimeOut

                        $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
                        # Add RowCount output
                        $bulkCopy.Add_SqlRowsCopied( {
                                $RowsPerSec = [math]::Round($args[1].RowsCopied / $elapsed.ElapsedMilliseconds * 1000.0, 1)
                                Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting rows" -Status ([System.String]::Format("{0} rows ({1} rows/sec)", $args[1].RowsCopied, $RowsPerSec))
                            })
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Writing rows to $fqtndest")) {
                        $reader = $cmd.ExecuteReader()
                        $bulkCopy.WriteToServer($reader)
                        if ($script:core) {
                            $RowsTotal = "Unsupported in Core"
                        } else {
                            $RowsTotal = [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopyExtension]::RowsCopiedCount($bulkCopy)
                        }
                        $TotalTime = [math]::Round($elapsed.Elapsed.TotalSeconds, 1)
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$RowsTotal rows inserted in $TotalTime sec"
                        if ($rowCount -is [int]) {
                            Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting rows" -status "Complete" -Completed
                        }

                        $bulkCopy.Close()
                        $bulkCopy.Dispose()
                        $reader.Close()

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            SourceInstance      = $server.Name
                            SourceDatabase      = $Database
                            SourceTable         = $sqltable.Name
                            DestinationInstance = $destServer.name
                            DestinationDatabase = $DestinationDatabase
                            DestinationTable    = $desttable.Name
                            RowsCopied          = $rowstotal
                            Elapsed             = [prettytimespan]$elapsed.Elapsed
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-DbaTableData
    }
}
function Copy-DbaEndpoint {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaEndpoint migrates server endpoints from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all endpoints are copied.

        If the endpoint already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Endpoint
        The endpoint(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all endpoints will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeEndpoint
        The endpoint(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, existing endpoints on Destination with matching names from Source will be dropped.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Endpoint
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaEndpoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaEndpoint -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all server endpoints from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials. If endpoints with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaEndpoint -Source sqlserver2014a -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Destination sqlcluster -Endpoint tg_noDbDrop -Force

        Copies only the tg_noDbDrop endpoint from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If an endpoint with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaEndpoint -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Endpoint,
        [object[]]$ExcludeEndpoint,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $serverEndpoints = $sourceServer.Endpoints | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            $destEndpoints = $destServer.Endpoints

            foreach ($currentEndpoint in $serverEndpoints) {
                $endpointName = $currentEndpoint.Name

                $copyEndpointStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $endpointName
                    Type              = "Endpoint"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($Endpoint -and $Endpoint -notcontains $endpointName -or $ExcludeEndpoint -contains $endpointName) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destEndpoints.Name -contains $endpointName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        $copyEndpointStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyEndpointStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                        $copyEndpointStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server endpoint $endpointName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping server endpoint $endpointName and recreating.")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping server endpoint $endpointName."
                                $destServer.Endpoints[$endpointName].Drop()
                            } catch {
                                $copyEndpointStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyEndpointStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping server endpoint." -Target $endpointName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating server endpoint $endpointName.")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying server endpoint $endpointName."
                        $destServer.Query($currentEndpoint.Script()) | Out-Null

                        $copyEndpointStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyEndpointStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyEndpointStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyEndpointStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating server endpoint." -Target $endpointName -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlEndpoint
    }
}
function Copy-DbaLinkedServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaLinkedServer migrates Linked Servers from one SQL Server to another. Linked Server logins and passwords are migrated as well.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By using password decryption techniques provided by Antti Rantasaari (NetSPI, 2014), this script migrates SQL Server Linked Servers from one server to another, while maintaining username and password.

        Credit: https://blog.netspi.com/decrypting-mssql-database-link-server-passwords/

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server (2005 and above). You must have sysadmin access to both SQL Server and Windows.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server (2005 and above). You must have sysadmin access to both SQL Server and Windows.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER LinkedServer
        The linked server(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all linked servers will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeLinkedServer
        The linked server(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER UpgradeSqlClient
        Upgrade any SqlClient Linked Server to the current Version

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER Force
        By default, if a Linked Server exists on the source and destination, the Linked Server is not copied over. Specifying -force will drop and recreate the Linked Server on the Destination server.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: WSMan, Migration, LinkedServer
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers
        Limitations: This just copies the SQL portion. It does not copy files (i.e. a local SQLite database, or Microsoft Access DB), nor does it configure ODBC entries.

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaLinkedServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaLinkedServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all SQL Server Linked Servers on sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster. If Linked Server exists on destination, it will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaLinkedServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -LinkedServer SQL2K5,SQL2k -Force

        Copies over two SQL Server Linked Servers (SQL2K and SQL2K2) from sqlserver to sqlcluster. If the credential already exists on the destination, it will be dropped.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "", Justification = "Internal functions are ignored")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$LinkedServer,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLinkedServer,
        [switch]$UpgradeSqlClient,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $Source.ComputerName
        function Copy-DbaLinkedServers {
            param (
                [string[]]$LinkedServer,
                [bool]$force
            )

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting Linked Server logins and passwords on $($sourceServer.Name)."
            $sourcelogins = Get-DecryptedObject -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Type LinkedServer

            $serverlist = $sourceServer.LinkedServers

            if ($LinkedServer) {
                $serverlist = $serverlist | Where-Object Name -In $LinkedServer
            }
            if ($ExcludeLinkedServer) {
                $serverList = $serverlist | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeLinkedServer
            }

            foreach ($currentLinkedServer in $serverlist) {
                $provider = $currentLinkedServer.ProviderName
                try {
                    $destServer.LinkedServers.Refresh()
                    $destServer.LinkedServers.LinkedServerLogins.Refresh()
                } catch {
                    #here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }

                $linkedServerName = $currentLinkedServer.Name
                $linkedServerDataSource = $currentLinkedServer.DataSource

                $copyLinkedServer = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $linkedServerName
                    DataSource        = $linkedServerDataSource
                    Type              = "Linked Server"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $provider
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                # This does a check to warn of missing OleDbProviderSettings but should only be checked on SQL on Windows
                if ($destServer.Settings.OleDbProviderSettings.Name.Length -ne 0) {
                    if (!$destServer.Settings.OleDbProviderSettings.Name -contains $provider -and !$provider.StartsWith("SQLN")) {
                        $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyLinkedServer.Notes = "Missing provider"
                        $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($destServer.Name) does not support the $provider provider. Skipping $linkedServerName."
                        continue
                    }
                }

                if ($null -ne $destServer.LinkedServers[$linkedServerName]) {
                    if (!$force) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "$linkedServerName exists $($destServer.Name). Skipping.")) {
                            $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyLinkedServer.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$linkedServerName exists $($destServer.Name). Skipping."
                        }
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping $linkedServerName")) {
                            if ($currentLinkedServer.Name -eq 'repl_distributor') {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "repl_distributor cannot be dropped. Not going to try."
                                continue
                            }

                            $destServer.LinkedServers[$linkedServerName].Drop($true)
                            $destServer.LinkedServers.refresh()
                        }
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to migrate: $linkedServerName."
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Migrating $linkedServerName")) {
                    try {
                        $sql = $currentLinkedServer.Script() | Out-String
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

                        if ($UpgradeSqlClient -and $sql -match "sqlncli") {
                            $destProviders = $destServer.Settings.OleDbProviderSettings | Where-Object { $_.Name -like 'SQLNCLI*' }
                            $newProvider = $destProviders | Sort-Object Name -Descending | Select-Object -First 1 -ExpandProperty Name

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing sqlncli to $newProvider"
                            $sql = $sql -replace ("sqlncli[0-9]+", $newProvider)
                        }

                        $destServer.Query($sql)

                        if ($copyLinkedServer.Name -ne $copyLinkedServer.DataSource) {
                            $sql2 = "EXEC sp_setnetname '$($copyLinkedServer.Name)', '$($copyLinkedServer.DataSource)'; "
                            $destServer.Query($sql2)
                        }

                        $destServer.LinkedServers.Refresh()
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$linkedServerName successfully copied."

                        $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue adding linked server $destServer." -Target $linkedServerName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                        $skiplogins = $true
                    }
                }

                if ($skiplogins -ne $true) {
                    $destlogins = $destServer.LinkedServers[$linkedServerName].LinkedServerLogins
                    $lslogins = $sourcelogins | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $linkedServerName }

                    foreach ($login in $lslogins) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Migrating $($login.Login)")) {
                            $currentlogin = $destlogins | Where-Object { $_.RemoteUser -eq $login.Identity }

                            $copyLinkedServer.Type = $login.Identity

                            if ($currentlogin.RemoteUser.length -ne 0) {
                                try {
                                    $currentlogin.SetRemotePassword($login.Password)
                                    $currentlogin.Alter()

                                    $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Successful"
                                    $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                } catch {
                                    $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to copy login." -Target $login -InnerErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if ($null -ne $SourceSqlCredential.Username) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "You are using a SQL Credential. Note that this script requires Windows Administrator access on the source server. Attempting with $($SourceSqlCredential.Username)."
        }
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
            return
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $sourceServer -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $source. Quitting." -Target $sourceServer
            return
        }
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting NetBios name for $source."
        $sourceNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $sourceserver

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking if Remote Registry is enabled on $source."
        try {
            Invoke-Command2 -Raw -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -ScriptBlock { Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\" } -ErrorAction Stop
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to registry on $source." -Target $sourceNetBios -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $destServer -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $destinstance" -Target $destServer -Continue
            }

            # Magic happens here
            Copy-DbaLinkedServers $LinkedServer -Force:$force
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlLinkedServer
    }
}
function Copy-DbaLogin {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Migrates logins from source to destination SQL Servers. Supports SQL Server versions 2000 and newer.

    .DESCRIPTION
        SQL Server 2000: Migrates logins with SIDs, passwords, server roles and database roles.

        SQL Server 2005 & newer: Migrates logins with SIDs, passwords, defaultdb, server roles & securables, database permissions & securables, login attributes (enforce password policy, expiration, etc.)

        The login hash algorithm changed in SQL Server 2012, and is not backwards compatible with previous SQL Server versions. This means that while SQL Server 2000 logins can be migrated to SQL Server 2012, logins created in SQL Server 2012 can only be migrated to SQL Server 2012 and above.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Login
        The login(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeLogin
        The login(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemLogins
        If this switch is enabled, NT SERVICE accounts will be skipped.

    .PARAMETER ExcludePermissionSync
        Skips permission syncs

    .PARAMETER SyncOnly
        If this switch is enabled, only SQL Server login permissions, roles, etc. will be synced. Logins and users will not be added or dropped.  If a matching Login does not exist on the destination, the Login will be skipped.
        Credential removal is not currently supported for this parameter.

    .PARAMETER SyncSaName
        If this switch is enabled, the name of the sa account will be synced between Source and Destination

    .PARAMETER OutFile
        Calls Export-DbaLogin and exports all logins to a T-SQL formatted file. This does not perform a copy, so no destination is required.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Takes the parameters required from a Login object that has been piped into the command

    .PARAMETER LoginRenameHashtable
        Pass a hash table into this parameter to be passed into Rename-DbaLogin to update the Login and mappings after the Login is completed.

    .PARAMETER KillActiveConnection
        If this switch and -Force are enabled, all active connections and sessions on Destination will be killed.

        A login cannot be dropped when it has active connections on the instance.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Login(s) will be dropped and recreated on Destination. Logins that own Agent jobs cannot be dropped at this time.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Login
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaLogin

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaLogin -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Force

        Copies all logins from Source Destination. If a SQL Login on Source exists on the Destination, the Login on Destination will be dropped and recreated.

        If active connections are found for a login, the copy of that Login will fail as it cannot be dropped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaLogin -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Force -KillActiveConnection

        Copies all logins from Source Destination. If a SQL Login on Source exists on the Destination, the Login on Destination will be dropped and recreated.

        If any active connections are found they will be killed.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaLogin -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ExcludeLogin realcajun -SourceSqlCredential $scred -DestinationSqlCredential $dcred

        Copies all Logins from Source to Destination except for realcajun using SQL Authentication to connect to both instances.

        If a Login already exists on the destination, it will not be migrated.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaLogin -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Login realcajun, netnerds -force

        Copies ONLY Logins netnerds and realcajun. If Login realcajun or netnerds exists on Destination, the existing Login(s) will be dropped and recreated.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaLogin -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SyncOnly

        Syncs only SQL Server login permissions, roles, etc. Does not add or drop logins or users.

        If a matching Login does not exist on Destination, the Login will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaLogin -LoginRenameHashtable @{ "PreviousUser" = "newlogin" } -Source $Sql01 -Destination Localhost -SourceSqlCredential $sqlcred

        Copies PreviousUser and then renames it to newlogin.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 | Out-GridView -Passthru | Copy-DbaLogin -Destination sql2017

        Displays all available logins on sql2016 in a grid view, then copies all selected logins to sql2017.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "SqlInstance", Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Login,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLogin,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemLogins,
        [switch]$SyncOnly,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Live")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "SqlInstance")]
        [switch]$SyncSaName,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "File", Mandatory)]
        [string]$OutFile,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "InputObject", ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object]$InputObject,
        [hashtable]$LoginRenameHashtable,
        [switch]$KillActiveConnection,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$ExcludePermissionSync,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Copy-Login {
            foreach ($sourceLogin in $sourceServer.Logins) {
                $userName = $sourceLogin.name

                $copyLoginStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Type              = "Login - $($sourceLogin.LoginType)"
                    Name              = $userName
                    DestinationLogin  = $userName
                    SourceLogin       = $userName
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($Login -and $Login -notcontains $userName -or $ExcludeLogin -contains $userName) { continue }

                if ($sourceLogin.id -eq 1) { continue }

                if ($userName.StartsWith("##") -or $userName -eq 'sa') {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping $userName."
                    continue
                }

                $serverName = Resolve-NetBiosName $sourceServer

                $currentLogin = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.truelogin

                if ($currentLogin -eq $userName -and $force) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Stating $userName is skipped because it is performing the migration.")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Cannot drop login performing the migration. Skipping."
                        $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyLoginStatus.Notes = "Current login"
                        $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }
                    continue
                }

                if (($destServer.LoginMode -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ServerLoginMode]::Mixed) -and ($sourceLogin.LoginType -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$Destination does not have Mixed Mode enabled. [$userName] is an SQL Login. Enable mixed mode authentication after the migration completes to use this type of login."
                }

                $userBase = ($userName.Split("\")[0]).ToLower()

                if ($serverName -eq $userBase -or $userName.StartsWith("NT ")) {
                    if ($sourceServer.ComputerName -ne $destServer.ComputerName) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Stating $userName was skipped because it is a local machine name.")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$userName was skipped because it is a local machine name."
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyLoginStatus.Notes = "Local machine name"
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($ExcludeSystemLogins) {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "$userName was skipped because ExcludeSystemLogins was specified.")) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$userName was skipped because ExcludeSystemLogins was specified."

                                $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                                $copyLoginStatus.Notes = "System login"
                                $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                            }
                            continue
                        }

                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Stating local login $userName since the source and destination server reside on the same machine.")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying local login $userName since the source and destination server reside on the same machine."
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($null -ne $destServer.Logins.Item($userName) -and !$force) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Stating $userName is skipped because it exists at destination.")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$userName already exists in destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                        $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyLoginStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                        $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }
                    continue
                }

                if ($null -ne $destServer.Logins.Item($userName) -and $force) {
                    if ($userName -eq $destServer.ServiceAccount) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "$userName is the destination service account. Skipping drop.")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$userName is the destination service account. Skipping drop."

                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyLoginStatus.Notes = "Destination service account"
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping $userName")) {

                        # Kill connections, delete user
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to migrate $userName"
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force was specified. Attempting to drop $userName on $destinstance."

                        try {
                            $ownedDbs = $destServer.Databases | Where-Object Owner -eq $userName

                            foreach ($ownedDb in $ownedDbs) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing database owner for $($ownedDb.name) from $userName to sa."
                                $ownedDb.SetOwner('sa')
                                $ownedDb.Alter()
                            }

                            $ownedJobs = $destServer.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object OwnerLoginName -eq $userName

                            foreach ($ownedJob in $ownedJobs) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing job owner for $($ownedJob.name) from $userName to sa."
                                $ownedJob.Set_OwnerLoginName('sa')
                                $ownedJob.Alter()
                            }

                            $activeConnections = $destServer.EnumProcesses() | Where-Object Login -eq $userName

                            if ($activeConnections -and $KillActiveConnection) {
                                if (!$destServer.Logins.Item($userName).IsDisabled) {
                                    $disabled = $true
                                    $destServer.Logins.Item($userName).Disable()
                                }

                                $activeConnections | ForEach-Object { $destServer.KillProcess($_.Spid) }
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "-KillActiveConnection was provided. There are $($activeConnections.Count) active connections killed."
                                # just in case the kill didn't work, it'll leave behind a disabled account
                                if ($disabled) { $destServer.Logins.Item($userName).Enable() }
                            } elseif ($activeConnections) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "There are $($activeConnections.Count) active connections found for the login $userName. Utilize -KillActiveConnection with -Force to kill the connections."
                            }
                            $destServer.Logins.Item($userName).Drop()

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully dropped $userName on $destinstance."
                        } catch {
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyLoginStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_).Message
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not drop $userName." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue 3>$null
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Adding SQL login $userName")) {

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to add $userName to $destinstance."
                    $destLogin = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login($destServer, $userName)

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $userName SID to source username SID."
                    $destLogin.Set_Sid($sourceLogin.Get_Sid())

                    $defaultDb = $sourceLogin.DefaultDatabase

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting login language to $($sourceLogin.Language)."
                    $destLogin.Language = $sourceLogin.Language

                    if ($null -eq $destServer.databases[$defaultDb]) {
                        # we end up here when the default database on source doesn't exist on dest
                        # if source login is a sysadmin, then set the default database to master
                        # if not, set it to tempdb (see #303)
                        $OrigdefaultDb = $defaultDb
                        try { $sourcesysadmins = $sourceServer.roles['sysadmin'].EnumMemberNames() }
                        catch { $sourcesysadmins = $sourceServer.roles['sysadmin'].EnumServerRoleMembers() }
                        if ($sourcesysadmins -contains $userName) {
                            $defaultDb = "master"
                        } else {
                            $defaultDb = "tempdb"
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$OrigdefaultDb does not exist on destination. Setting defaultdb to $defaultDb."
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Set $userName defaultdb to $defaultDb."
                    $destLogin.DefaultDatabase = $defaultDb

                    $checkexpiration = "ON"; $checkpolicy = "ON"

                    if ($sourceLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced -eq $false) { $checkpolicy = "OFF" }

                    if (!$sourceLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled) { $checkexpiration = "OFF" }

                    $destLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced = $sourceLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced
                    $destLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled = $sourceLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled

                    # Attempt to add SQL Login User
                    if ($sourceLogin.LoginType -eq "SqlLogin") {
                        $destLogin.LoginType = "SqlLogin"
                        $sourceLoginname = $sourceLogin.name

                        switch ($sourceServer.versionMajor) {
                            0 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) as hashedpass FROM master.dbo.syslogins WHERE loginname='$sourceLoginname'" }
                            8 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) as hashedpass FROM dbo.syslogins WHERE name='$sourceLoginname'" }
                            9 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password_hash) as hashedpass FROM sys.sql_logins where name='$sourceLoginname'" }
                            default {
                                $sql = "SELECT CAST(CONVERT(VARCHAR(256), CAST(LOGINPROPERTY(name,'PasswordHash')
                        AS VARBINARY(256)), 1) AS NVARCHAR(max)) AS hashedpass FROM sys.server_principals
                        WHERE principal_id = $($sourceLogin.id)"
                            }
                        }

                        try {
                            $hashedPass = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
                        } catch {
                            $hashedPassDt = $sourceServer.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql)
                            $hashedPass = $hashedPassDt.Tables[0].Rows[0].Item(0)
                        }

                        if ($hashedPass.GetType().Name -ne "String") {
                            $passString = "0x"; $hashedPass | ForEach-Object { $passString += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
                            $hashedPass = $passString
                        }

                        try {
                            $destLogin.Create($hashedPass, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginCreateOptions]::IsHashed)
                            $destLogin.Refresh()
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $userName to $destinstance."

                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Successful"
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        } catch {
                            try {
                                $sid = "0x"; $sourceLogin.sid | ForEach-Object { $sid += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
                                $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$userName] WITH PASSWORD = $hashedPass HASHED, SID = $sid,
                                                DEFAULT_DATABASE = [$defaultDb], CHECK_POLICY = $checkpolicy,
                                                CHECK_EXPIRATION = $checkexpiration, DEFAULT_LANGUAGE = [$($sourceLogin.Language)]"

                                $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                                $destLogin = $destServer.logins[$userName]
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $userName to $destinstance."

                                $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Successful"
                                $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            } catch {
                                $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyLoginStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_).Message
                                $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $userName to $destinstance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue 3>$null
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    # Attempt to add Windows User
                    elseif ($sourceLogin.LoginType -eq "WindowsUser" -or $sourceLogin.LoginType -eq "WindowsGroup") {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding as login type $($sourceLogin.LoginType)"
                        $destLogin.LoginType = $sourceLogin.LoginType

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting language as $($sourceLogin.Language)"
                        $destLogin.Language = $sourceLogin.Language

                        try {
                            $destLogin.Create()
                            $destLogin.Refresh()
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $userName to $destinstance."

                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Successful"
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        } catch {
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyLoginStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_).Message
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $userName to $destinstance" -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer -Continue 3>$null
                        }
                    }
                    # This script does not currently support certificate mapped or asymmetric key users.
                    else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($sourceLogin.LoginType) logins not supported. $($sourceLogin.name) skipped."

                        $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyLoginStatus.Notes = "$($sourceLogin.LoginType) not supported"
                        $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        continue
                    }

                    if ($sourceLogin.IsDisabled) {
                        try {
                            $destLogin.Disable()
                        } catch {
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Successful - but could not disable on destination"
                            $copyLoginStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_).Message
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "$userName disabled on source, could not be disabled on $destinstance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer  3>$null
                        }
                    }
                    if ($sourceLogin.DenyWindowsLogin) {
                        try {
                            $destLogin.DenyWindowsLogin = $true
                        } catch {
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Successful - but could not deny login on destination"
                            $copyLoginStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_).Message
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "$userName denied login on source, could not be denied login on $destinstance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer 3>$null
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (-not $ExcludePermissionSync) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Updating SQL login $userName permissions")) {
                        Update-SqlPermission -sourceserver $sourceServer -sourcelogin $sourceLogin -destserver $destServer -destlogin $destLogin
                    }
                }

                if ($LoginRenameHashtable.Keys -contains $userName) {
                    $NewLogin = $LoginRenameHashtable[$userName]

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Renaming SQL Login $userName to $NewLogin")) {
                        try {
                            Rename-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $destServer -Login $userName -NewLogin $NewLogin

                            $copyLoginStatus.DestinationLogin = $NewLogin
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Successful"
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        } catch {
                            $copyLoginStatus.DestinationLogin = $NewLogin
                            $copyLoginStatus.Status = "Failed to rename"
                            $copyLoginStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_).Message
                            $copyLoginStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue renaming $userName to $NewLogin" -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destServer 3>$null
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        if ($InputObject) {
            $Source = $InputObject[0].Parent.Name
            $Sourceserver = $InputObject[0].Parent
            $Login = $InputObject.Name
        } else {
            try {
                $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
                return
            }
        }
        $sourceVersionMajor = $sourceServer.VersionMajor

        if ($OutFile) {
            Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $sourceServer -FilePath $OutFile -Login $Login -ExcludeLogin $ExcludeLogin
            continue
        }

        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            $destVersionMajor = $destServer.VersionMajor
            if ($sourceVersionMajor -gt 10 -and $destVersionMajor -lt 11) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Login migration from version $sourceVersionMajor to $destVersionMajor is not supported." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sourceServer
            }

            if ($sourceVersionMajor -lt 8 -or $destVersionMajor -lt 8) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server 7 and below are not supported." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sourceServer
            }

            if ($SyncOnly) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Syncing $Login permissions")) {
                    Sync-DbaLoginPermission -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destServer -Login $Login -ExcludeLogin $ExcludeLogin
                    continue
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting Login Migration."
            Copy-Login -sourceserver $sourceServer -destserver $destServer -Login $Login -Exclude $ExcludeLogin

            if ($SyncSaName) {
                $sa = $sourceServer.Logins | Where-Object id -eq 1
                $destSa = $destServer.Logins | Where-Object id -eq 1
                $saName = $sa.Name
                if ($saName -ne $destSa.name) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing sa username to match source ($saName)."
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Changing sa username to match source ($saName)")) {
                        $destSa.Rename($saName)
                        $destSa.Alter()
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlLogin
    }
}
function Copy-DbaPolicyManagement {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Migrates SQL Policy Based Management Objects, including both policies and conditions.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all policies and conditions are copied. If an object already exist on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

        The -Policy and -Condition parameters are auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific objects.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination Sql Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Policy
        The policy(ies) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all policies will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludePolicy
        The policy(ies) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER Condition
        The condition(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all conditions will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeCondition
        The condition(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER Force
        If policies exists on destination server, it will be dropped and recreated.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaPolicyManagement

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaPolicyManagement -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all policies and conditions from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaPolicyManagement -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred

        Copies all policies and conditions from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaPolicyManagement -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaPolicyManagement -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Policy 'xp_cmdshell must be disabled'

        Copies only one policy, 'xp_cmdshell must be disabled' from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster. No conditions are migrated.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Policy,
        [object[]]$ExcludePolicy,
        [object[]]$Condition,
        [object[]]$ExcludeCondition,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $sourceSqlConn = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
        $sourceSqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $sourceSqlConn
        $sourceStore = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.DMF.PolicyStore $sourceSqlStoreConnection
        $storePolicies = $sourceStore.Policies | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
        $storeConditions = $sourceStore.Conditions | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            $destSqlConn = $destServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            $destSqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $destSqlConn
            $destStore = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.DMF.PolicyStore $destSqlStoreConnection

            if ($Policy) {
                $storePolicies = $storePolicies | Where-Object Name -In $Policy
            }
            if ($ExcludePolicy) {
                $storePolicies = $storePolicies | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludePolicy
            }
            if ($Condition) {
                $storeConditions = $storeConditions | Where-Object Name -In $Condition
            }
            if ($ExcludeCondition) {
                $storeConditions = $storeConditions | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeCondition
            }

            if ($Policy -and $Condition) {
                $storeConditions = $null
                $storePolicies = $null
            }

            <#
                        Conditions
        #>

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating conditions"
            foreach ($condition in $storeConditions) {
                $conditionName = $condition.Name

                $copyConditionStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $conditionName
                    Type              = "Policy Condition"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($null -ne $destStore.Conditions[$conditionName]) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "condition '$conditionName' was skipped because it already exists on $destinstance. Use -Force to drop and recreate"

                        $copyConditionStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyConditionStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                        $copyConditionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Attempting to drop $conditionName")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Condition '$conditionName' exists on $destinstance. Force specified. Dropping $conditionName."

                            try {
                                $dependentPolicies = $destStore.Conditions[$conditionName].EnumDependentPolicies()
                                foreach ($dependent in $dependentPolicies) {
                                    $dependent.Drop()
                                    $destStore.Conditions.Refresh()
                                }
                                $destStore.Conditions[$conditionName].Drop()
                            } catch {
                                $copyConditionStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyConditionStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_).Message
                                $copyConditionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping condition on $destinstance" -Target $conditionName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Migrating condition $conditionName")) {
                    try {
                        $sql = $condition.ScriptCreate().GetScript() | Out-String
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying condition $conditionName"
                        $null = $destServer.Query($sql)
                        $destStore.Conditions.Refresh()

                        $copyConditionStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyConditionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyConditionStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyConditionStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_).Message
                        $copyConditionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating condition on $destinstance" -Target $conditionName -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }

            <#
                        Policies
        #>

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating policies"
            foreach ($policy in $storePolicies) {
                $policyName = $policy.Name

                $copyPolicyStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $policyName
                    Type              = "Policy"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($null -ne $destStore.Policies[$policyName]) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Policy '$policyName' was skipped because it already exists on $destinstance. Use -Force to drop and recreate"

                        $copyPolicyStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyPolicyStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                        $copyPolicyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Attempting to drop $policyName")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Policy '$policyName' exists on $destinstance. Force specified. Dropping $policyName."

                            try {
                                $destStore.Policies[$policyName].Drop()
                                $destStore.Policies.refresh()
                            } catch {
                                $copyPolicyStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyPolicyStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_).Message
                                $copyPolicyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping policy on $destinstance" -Target $policyName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Migrating policy $policyName")) {
                    try {
                        $destStore.Conditions.Refresh()
                        $destStore.Policies.Refresh()
                        $sql = $policy.ScriptCreateWithDependencies().GetScript() | Out-String
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying policy $policyName"
                        $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                        $copyPolicyStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyPolicyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyPolicyStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyPolicyStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_).Message
                        $copyPolicyStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        # This is usually because of a duplicate dependent from above. Just skip for now.
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating policy on $destinstance" -Target $policyName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlPolicyManagement
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-DbaSqlPolicyManagement
    }
}
function Copy-DbaResourceGovernor {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Migrates Resource Pools

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all non-system resource pools are migrated. If the pool already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

        The -ResourcePool parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific objects.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER ResourcePool
        Specifies the resource pool(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all resource pools will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeResourcePool
        Specifies the resource pool(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the policies will be dropped and recreated on Destination.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, ResourceGovernor
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaResourceGovernor

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaResourceGovernor -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all all non-system resource pools from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials to connect to the SQL Server instances..

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaResourceGovernor -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred

        Copies all all non-system resource pools from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials to connect to sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials to connect to sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaResourceGovernor -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$ResourcePool,
        [object[]]$ExcludeResourcePool,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $sourceClassifierFunction = Get-DbaRgClassifierFunction -SqlInstance $sourceServer

        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            $destClassifierFunction = Get-DbaRgClassifierFunction -SqlInstance $destServer

            $copyResourceGovSetting = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Type              = "Resource Governor Settings"
                Name              = "All Settings"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc = [pscustomobject]@{
                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                Type              = "Resource Governor Settings"
                Name              = "Classifier Function"
                Status            = $null
                Notes             = $null
                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Updating Resource Governor settings")) {
                if ($destServer.Edition -notmatch 'Enterprise' -and $destServer.Edition -notmatch 'Datacenter' -and $destServer.Edition -notmatch 'Developer') {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "The resource governor is not available in this edition of SQL Server. You can manipulate resource governor metadata but you will not be able to apply resource governor configuration. Only Enterprise edition of SQL Server supports resource governor."
                } else {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Managing classifier function."
                        if (!$sourceClassifierFunction) {
                            $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc.Notes = $null
                            $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        } else {
                            $fullyQualifiedFunctionName = $sourceClassifierFunction.Schema + "." + $sourceClassifierFunction.Name

                            if (!$destClassifierFunction) {
                                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
                                $destFunction = $destServer.Databases["master"].UserDefinedFunctions[$sourceClassifierFunction.Name]
                                if ($destFunction) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping the function with the source classifier function name."
                                    $destFunction.Drop()
                                }

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating function."
                                $destServer.Query($sourceClassifierFunction.Script())

                                $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR WITH (CLASSIFIER_FUNCTION = $fullyQualifiedFunctionName);"
                                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Mapping Resource Governor classifier function."
                                $destServer.Query($sql)

                                $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc.Status = "Successful"
                                $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc.Notes = "The new classifier function has been created"
                                $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE;"
                                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reconfiguring Resource Governor."
                                $destServer.Query($sql)
                            } else {
                                if ($Force -eq $false) {
                                    $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc.Status = "Skipped"
                                    $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                                    $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                } else {

                                    $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR WITH (CLASSIFIER_FUNCTION = NULL);"
                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Disabling the Resource Governor."
                                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                                    $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE;"
                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reconfiguring Resource Governor."
                                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping the destination classifier function."
                                    $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
                                    $destFunction = $destServer.Databases["master"].UserDefinedFunctions[$sourceClassifierFunction.Name]
                                    $destClassifierFunction.Drop()

                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Re-creating the Resource Governor classifier function."
                                    $destServer.Query($sourceClassifierFunction.Script())

                                    $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR WITH (CLASSIFIER_FUNCTION = $fullyQualifiedFunctionName);"
                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Mapping Resource Governor classifier function."
                                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                                    $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE;"
                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reconfiguring Resource Governor."
                                    $destServer.Query($sql)

                                    $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc.Status = "Successful"
                                    $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc.Notes = "The old classifier function has been overwritten."
                                    $copyResourceGovClassifierFunc | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } catch {
                        $copyResourceGovSetting.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyResourceGovSetting.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                        $copyResourceGovSetting | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE;"
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reconfiguring Resource Governor."
                        $destServer.Query($sql)

                        Stop-Function -Message "Not able to update settings." -Target $destServer -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }

            # Pools
            if ($ResourcePool) {
                $pools = $sourceServer.ResourceGovernor.ResourcePools | Where-Object Name -In $ResourcePool
            } elseif ($ExcludeResourcePool) {
                $pool = $sourceServer.ResourceGovernor.ResourcePools | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeResourcePool
            } else {
                $pools = $sourceServer.ResourceGovernor.ResourcePools | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin "internal", "default" }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating pools."
            foreach ($pool in $pools) {
                $poolName = $pool.Name

                $copyResourceGovPool = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Type              = "Resource Governor Pool"
                    Name              = $poolName
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($null -ne $destServer.ResourceGovernor.ResourcePools[$poolName]) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Pool '$poolName' was skipped because it already exists on $destinstance. Use -Force to drop and recreate."

                        $copyResourceGovPool.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyResourceGovPool.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                        $copyResourceGovPool | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Attempting to drop $poolName")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Pool '$poolName' exists on $destinstance."
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force specified. Dropping $poolName."

                            try {
                                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
                                $destPool = $destServer.ResourceGovernor.ResourcePools[$poolName]
                                $workloadGroups = $destPool.WorkloadGroups
                                foreach ($workloadGroup in $workloadGroups) {
                                    $workloadGroup.Drop()
                                }
                                $destPool.Drop()
                                $destServer.ResourceGovernor.Alter()
                            } catch {
                                $copyResourceGovPool.Status = "Failed to drop from Destination"
                                $copyResourceGovPool.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                                $copyResourceGovPool | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to drop: $_ Moving on." -Target $destPool -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue

                                $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE;"
                                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reconfiguring Resource Governor."
                                $destServer.Query($sql)
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Migrating pool $poolName")) {
                    try {
                        $sql = $pool.Script() | Out-String
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying pool $poolName."
                        $destServer.Query($sql)

                        $copyResourceGovPool.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyResourceGovPool | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        $workloadGroups = $pool.WorkloadGroups
                        foreach ($workloadGroup in $workloadGroups) {
                            $workgroupName = $workloadGroup.Name

                            $copyResourceGovWorkGroup = [pscustomobject]@{
                                SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                                DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                                Type              = "Resource Governor Pool Workgroup"
                                Name              = $workgroupName
                                Status            = $null
                                Notes             = $null
                                DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                            }

                            $sql = $workloadGroup.Script() | Out-String
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying $workgroupName."
                            $destServer.Query($sql)

                            $copyResourceGovWorkGroup.Status = "Successful"
                            $copyResourceGovWorkGroup | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE;"
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reconfiguring Resource Governor."
                            $destServer.Query($sql)
                        }
                    } catch {
                        if ($copyResourceGovWorkGroup) {
                            $copyResourceGovWorkGroup.Status = "Failed"
                            $copyResourceGovWorkGroup.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                            $copyResourceGovWorkGroup | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }
                        Stop-Function -Message "Unable to migrate pool." -Target $pool -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Reconfiguring")) {
                if ($destServer.Edition -notmatch 'Enterprise' -and $destServer.Edition -notmatch 'Datacenter' -and $destServer.Edition -notmatch 'Developer') {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "The resource governor is not available in this edition of SQL Server. You can manipulate resource governor metadata but you will not be able to apply resource governor configuration. Only Enterprise edition of SQL Server supports resource governor."
                } else {

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reconfiguring Resource Governor."
                    try {
                        if (!$sourceServer.ResourceGovernor.Enabled) {
                            $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR DISABLE"
                            $destServer.Query($sql)

                            $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE;"
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reconfiguring Resource Governor."
                            $destServer.Query($sql)
                        } else {
                            $sql = "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE"
                            $destServer.Query($sql)
                        }
                    } catch {
                        $altermsg = $_.Exception
                    }


                    $copyResourceGovReconfig = [pscustomobject]@{
                        SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                        DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                        Type              = "Reconfigure Resource Governor"
                        Name              = "Reconfigure Resource Governor"
                        Status            = "Successful"
                        Notes             = $altermsg
                        DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                    }
                    $copyResourceGovReconfig | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlResourceGovernor
    }
}
function Copy-DbaServerAudit {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaServerAudit migrates server audits from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all audits are copied. The -Audit parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific audits.

        If the audit already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Audit
        The audit(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all audits will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeAudit
        The audit(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Path
        Destination file path. If not specified, the file path of the source will be used (or the default data directory).

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the audits will be dropped and recreated on Destination.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaServerAudit

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaServerAudit -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all server audits from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials. If audits with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaServerAudit -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Audit tg_noDbDrop -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force

        Copies a single audit, the tg_noDbDrop audit from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If an audit with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaServerAudit -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaServerAudit -Source sqlserver-0 -Destination sqlserver-1 -Audit audit1 -Path 'C:\audit1'

        Copies audit audit1 from sqlserver-0 to sqlserver-1. The file path on sqlserver-1 will be set to 'C:\audit1'.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Audit,
        [object[]]$ExcludeAudit,
        [string]$Path,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $serverAudits = $sourceServer.Audits
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {

            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            $destAudits = $destServer.Audits
            foreach ($currentAudit in $serverAudits) {
                $auditName = $currentAudit.Name

                $copyAuditStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $auditName
                    Type              = "Server Audit"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($Audit -and $auditName -notin $Audit -or $auditName -in $ExcludeAudit) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($Path) {
                    $currentAudit.FilePath = $Path
                }

                if ($destAudits.Name -contains $auditName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Server audit $auditName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate.")) {
                            $copyAuditStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyAuditStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server audit $auditName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."
                        }
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping server audit $auditName")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping server audit $auditName."
                                foreach ($spec in $destServer.ServerAuditSpecifications) {
                                    if ($auditSpecification.Auditname -eq $auditName) {
                                        $auditSpecification.Drop()
                                    }
                                }

                                $destServer.audits[$auditName].Disable()
                                $destServer.audits[$auditName].Alter()
                                $destServer.audits[$auditName].Drop()
                            } catch {
                                $copyAuditStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyAuditStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping audit from destination." -Target $auditName -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($null -ne ($currentAudit.Filepath) -and -not (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $destServer -Path $currentAudit.Filepath)) {
                    if ($Force -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "$($currentAudit.Filepath) does not exist on $destinstance. Skipping $auditName. Specify -Force to create the directory.")) {
                            $copyAuditStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyAuditStatus.Notes = "$($currentAudit.Filepath) does not exist on $destinstance. Skipping $auditName. Specify -Force to create the directory."
                            $copyAuditStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        }
                        continue
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force specified. Creating directory."

                        $destNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $destServer
                        $root = $currentAudit.Filepath.Substring(0, 3)
                        $rootUnc = Join-AdminUnc $destNetBios $root

                        if ((Test-Path $rootUnc) -eq $true) {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating directory $($currentAudit.Filepath)")) {
                                try {
                                    $null = New-DbaDirectory -SqlInstance $destServer -Path $currentAudit.Filepath -EnableException
                                } catch {
                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't create directory $($currentAudit.Filepath). Using default data directory."
                                    $datadir = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer data
                                    $currentAudit.FilePath = $datadir
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            $datadir = Get-SqlDefaultPaths $destServer data
                            $currentAudit.FilePath = $datadir
                        }
                    }
                }
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating server audit $auditName")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "File path $($currentAudit.Filepath) exists on $destinstance."
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying server audit $auditName."
                        $sql = $currentAudit.Script() | Out-String
                        $destServer.Query($sql)
                        $copyAuditStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyAuditStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyAuditStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyAuditStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                        $copyAuditStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating audit." -Target $auditName -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlAudit
    }
}
function Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification migrates server audit specifications from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all audits are copied. The -AuditSpecification parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific audits.

        If the audit specification already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AuditSpecification
        The Server Audit Specification(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all Server Audit Specifications will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeAuditSpecification
        The Server Audit Specification(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Audits Specifications will be dropped and recreated on Destination.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration,ServerAudit,AuditSpecification
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all server audits from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials to connect. If audits with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -AuditSpecification tg_noDbDrop -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force

        Copies a single audit, the tg_noDbDrop audit from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials to connect to sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials to connect to sqlcluster. If an audit specification with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$AuditSpecification,
        [object[]]$ExcludeAuditSpecification,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }

        if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $sourceServer -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $source. Quitting."
            return
        }

        $AuditSpecifications = $sourceServer.ServerAuditSpecifications
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $destServer -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $destinstance. Quitting."
                return
            }

            if ($destServer.VersionMajor -lt $sourceServer.VersionMajor) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Migration from version $($destServer.VersionMajor) to version $($sourceServer.VersionMajor) is not supported."
                return
            }
            $destAudits = $destServer.ServerAuditSpecifications
            foreach ($auditSpec in $AuditSpecifications) {
                $auditSpecName = $auditSpec.Name

                $copyAuditSpecStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Type              = "Server Audit Specification"
                    Name              = $auditSpecName
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($AuditSpecification -and $auditSpecName -notin $AuditSpecification -or $auditSpecName -in $ExcludeAuditSpecification) {
                    continue
                }

                $destServer.Audits.Refresh()
                if ($destServer.Audits.Name -notcontains $auditSpec.AuditName) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Audit $($auditSpec.AuditName) does not exist on $destinstance. Skipping $auditSpecName.")) {
                        $copyAuditSpecStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyAuditSpecStatus.Notes = "Audit $($auditSpec.AuditName) does not exist on $destinstance. Skipping $auditSpecName."
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Audit $($auditSpec.AuditName) does not exist on $destinstance. Skipping $auditSpecName."
                        $copyAuditSpecStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }
                    continue
                }

                if ($destAudits.name -contains $auditSpecName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server audit $auditSpecName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."

                        $copyAuditSpecStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyAuditSpecStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                        $copyAuditSpecStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping server audit $auditSpecName and recreating")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping server audit $auditSpecName"
                                $destServer.ServerAuditSpecifications[$auditSpecName].Drop()
                            } catch {
                                $copyAuditSpecStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyAuditSpecStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                                $copyAuditSpecStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping audit spec" -Target $auditSpecName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating server audit $auditSpecName")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying server audit $auditSpecName"
                        $sql = $auditSpec.Script() | Out-String
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        $destServer.Query($sql)

                        $copyAuditSpecStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyAuditSpecStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyAuditSpecStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyAuditSpecStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                        $copyAuditSpecStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating audit spec on destination" -Target $auditSpecName -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlAuditSpecification
    }
}
function Copy-DbaServerTrigger {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaServerTrigger migrates server triggers from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all triggers are copied. The -ServerTrigger parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific triggers.

        If the trigger already exists on the destination, it will be skipped unless -Force is used.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination Sql Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER ServerTrigger
        The Server Trigger(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all Server Triggers will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeServerTrigger
        The Server Trigger(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Drops and recreates the Trigger if it exists

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaServerTrigger

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaServerTrigger -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all server triggers from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials. If triggers with the same name exist on sqlcluster, they will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaServerTrigger -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ServerTrigger tg_noDbDrop -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force

        Copies a single trigger, the tg_noDbDrop trigger from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster. If a trigger with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be dropped and recreated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaServerTrigger -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$ServerTrigger,
        [object[]]$ExcludeServerTrigger,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $serverTriggers = $sourceServer.Triggers
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }
            if ($destServer.VersionMajor -lt $sourceServer.VersionMajor) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Migration from version $($destServer.VersionMajor) to version $($sourceServer.VersionMajor) is not supported."
                return
            }
            $destTriggers = $destServer.Triggers

            foreach ($trigger in $serverTriggers) {
                $triggerName = $trigger.Name

                $copyTriggerStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $triggerName
                    Type              = "Server Trigger"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($ServerTrigger -and $triggerName -notin $ServerTrigger -or $triggerName -in $ExcludeServerTrigger) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($destTriggers.Name -contains $triggerName) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server trigger $triggerName exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and migrate."

                        $copyTriggerStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                        $copyTriggerStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                        $copyTriggerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping server trigger $triggerName and recreating")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping server trigger $triggerName"
                                $destServer.Triggers[$triggerName].Drop()
                            } catch {
                                $copyTriggerStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyTriggerStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                                $copyTriggerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping trigger on destination" -Target $triggerName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating server trigger $triggerName")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying server trigger $triggerName"
                        $sql = $trigger.Script() | Out-String
                        $sql = $sql -replace "CREATE TRIGGER", "`nGO`nCREATE TRIGGER"
                        $sql = $sql -replace "ENABLE TRIGGER", "`nGO`nENABLE TRIGGER"
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

                        foreach ($query in ($sql -split '\nGO\b')) {
                            $destServer.Query($query) | Out-Null
                        }

                        $copyTriggerStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyTriggerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyTriggerStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyTriggerStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                        $copyTriggerStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating trigger on destination" -Target $triggerName -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlServerTrigger
    }
}
function Copy-DbaSpConfigure {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaSpConfigure migrates configuration values from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all configuration values are copied. The -ConfigName parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion and can be used to copy only specific configs.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER ConfigName
        Specifies the configuration setting to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all ConfigNames will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeConfigName
        Specifies the configuration settings to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Configure, SpConfigure
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaSpConfigure

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaSpConfigure -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all sp_configure settings from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaSpConfigure -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ConfigName DefaultBackupCompression, IsSqlClrEnabled -SourceSqlCredential $cred

        Copies the values for IsSqlClrEnabled and DefaultBackupCompression from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials to authenticate to sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials to authenticate to sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaSpConfigure -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -ExcludeConfigName DefaultBackupCompression, IsSqlClrEnabled

        Copies all configs except for IsSqlClrEnabled and DefaultBackupCompression, from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaSpConfigure -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$ConfigName,
        [object[]]$ExcludeConfigName,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
            $sourceProps = Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $sourceServer
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
                $destProps = Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $destServer
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($sourceProp in $sourceProps) {
                $displayName = $sourceProp.DisplayName
                $sConfigName = $sourceProp.ConfigName
                $sConfiguredValue = $sourceProp.ConfiguredValue
                $requiresRestart = $sourceProp.IsDynamic

                $copySpConfigStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $sConfigName
                    Type              = "Configuration Value"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($ConfigName -and $sConfigName -notin $ConfigName -or $sConfigName -in $ExcludeConfigName) {
                    continue
                }

                $destProp = $destProps | Where-Object ConfigName -eq $sConfigName
                if (!$destProp) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Configuration $sConfigName ('$displayName') does not exist on the destination instance."

                    $copySpConfigStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                    $copySpConfigStatus.Notes = "Configuration does not exist on destination"
                    $copySpConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                    continue
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Updating $sConfigName [$displayName]")) {
                    try {
                        $destOldConfigValue = $destProp.ConfiguredValue

                        if ($sConfiguredValue -ne $destOldConfigValue) {
                            $result = Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $destServer -Name $sConfigName -Value $sConfiguredValue -EnableException -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                            if ($result) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updated $($destProp.ConfigName) ($($destProp.DisplayName)) from $destOldConfigValue to $sConfiguredValue."
                            }
                        }
                        if ($requiresRestart -eq $false) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Configuration option $sConfigName ($displayName) requires restart."
                            $copySpConfigStatus.Notes = "Requires restart"
                        }
                        $copySpConfigStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copySpConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        if ($_.Exception -match 'the same as the') {
                            $copySpConfigStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        } else {
                            $copySpConfigStatus.Status = "Failed"
                            $copySpConfigStatus.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                        }
                        $copySpConfigStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not set $($destProp.ConfigName) to $sConfiguredValue." -Target $sConfigName -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlSpConfigure
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Copy-DbaSsisCatalog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copy-DbaSsisCatalog migrates Folders, SSIS projects, and environments from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, all folders, projects, and environments are copied. The -Project parameter can be specified to copy only one project, if desired.

        The parameters get more granular from the Folder level. For example, specifying -Folder will only deploy projects/environments from within that folder.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the SSIS Catalog will be dropped and recreated on Destination if it already exists.

    .PARAMETER Project
        Specifies a source Project name.

    .PARAMETER Folder
        Specifies a source folder name.

    .PARAMETER Environment
        Specifies an environment to copy.

    .PARAMETER EnableSqlClr
        If this switch is enabled and Destination does not have the SQL CLR configuration option enabled, user prompts for enabling it on Destination will be skipped. SQL CLR is required for SSISDB.

    .PARAMETER CreateCatalogPassword
        Specifies a secure string to use in creating an SSISDB catalog on Destination. If this is specified, prompts for the password will be skipped.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, SSIS
        Author: Phil Schwartz (philschwartz.me, @pschwartzzz)

        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, [email protected])
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaSsisCatalog

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaSsisCatalog -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all folders, environments and SSIS Projects from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster, using Windows credentials to authenticate to both instances. If folders with the same name exist on the destination they will be skipped, but projects will be redeployed.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaSsisCatalog -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Project Archive_Tables -SourceSqlCredential $cred -Force

        Copies a single Project, the Archive_Tables Project, from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials to authenticate to sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials to authenticate to sqlcluster. If a Project with the same name exists on sqlcluster, it will be deleted and recreated because -Force was used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaSsisCatalog -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf -Force

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed using force.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $SecurePW = Read-Host "Enter password" -AsSecureString
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaSsisCatalog -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -CreateCatalogPassword $SecurePW

        Deploy entire SSIS catalog to an instance without a destination catalog. User prompts for creating the catalog on Destination will be bypassed.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [String]$Project,
        [String]$Folder,
        [String]$Environment,
        [System.Security.SecureString]$CreateCatalogPassword,
        [Switch]$EnableSqlClr,
        [Switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    <# Developer note: The throw calls must stay in this command #>
    begin {
        function Get-RemoteIntegrationService {
            param (
                [Object]$Computer
            )
            $result = Get-DbaService -ComputerName $Computer -Type SSIS
            if ($result) {
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                #$running = $false
                foreach ($service in $result) {
                    if (!$service.State -eq "Running") {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Service $($service.DisplayName) was found on the destination, but is currently not running."
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Service $($service.DisplayName) was found running on the destination."
                        #$running = $true
                    }
                }
            } else {
                throw "No Integration Services service was found on the destination, please ensure the feature is installed and running."
            }
        }
        function Invoke-ProjectDeployment {
            param (
                [String]$Project,
                [String]$Folder
            )
            $sqlConn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
            $sqlConn.ConnectionString = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
            if ($sqlConn.State -eq "Closed") {
                $sqlConn.Open()
            }
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Deploying project $Project from folder $Folder."
                $cmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
                $cmd.CommandType = "StoredProcedure"
                $cmd.connection = $sqlConn
                $cmd.CommandText = "SSISDB.Catalog.get_project"
                $cmd.Parameters.Add("@folder_name", $Folder) | out-null;
                $cmd.Parameters.Add("@project_name", $Project) | out-null;
                [byte[]]$results = $cmd.ExecuteScalar();
                if ($null -ne $results) {
                    $destFolder = $destinationFolders | Where-Object {
                        $_.Name -eq $Folder
                    }
                    $deployedProject = $destFolder.DeployProject($Project, $results)
                    if ($deployedProject.Status -ne "Success") {
                        Stop-Function -Message "An error occurred deploying project $Project." -Target $Project -Continue
                    }
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed deploying $Project from folder $Folder." -Target $Project -Continue
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to deploy project." -Target $Project -ErrorRecord $_
            } finally {
                if ($sqlConn.State -eq "Open") {
                    $sqlConn.Close()
                }
            }
        }
        function New-CatalogFolder {
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param (
                [String]$Folder,
                [String]$Description,
                [Switch]$Force
            )
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($folder, "Creating new Catalog Folder")) {
                if ($Force) {
                    $remove = $destinationFolders | Where-Object {
                        $_.Name -eq $Folder
                    }
                    $envs = $remove.Environments.Name
                    foreach ($e in $envs) {
                        $remove.Environments[$e].Drop()
                    }
                    $projs = $remove.Projects.Name
                    foreach ($p in $projs) {
                        $remove.Projects[$p].Drop()
                    }
                    $remove.Drop()
                    $destinationCatalog.Alter()
                    $destinationCatalog.Refresh()
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating folder $Folder."
                $destFolder = New-Object "$ISNamespace.CatalogFolder" ($destinationCatalog, $Folder, $Description)
                $destFolder.Create()
                $destFolder.Alter()
                $destFolder.Refresh()
            }
        }
        function New-FolderEnvironment {
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param (
                [String]$Folder,
                [String]$Environment,
                [Switch]$Force
            )
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($folder, "Creating new Environment Folder")) {
                $envDestFolder = $destinationFolders | Where-Object {
                    $_.Name -eq $Folder
                }
                if ($force) {
                    $envDestFolder.Environments[$Environment].Drop()
                    $envDestFolder.Alter()
                    $envDestFolder.Refresh()
                }
                $srcEnv = ($sourceFolders | Where-Object {
                        $_.Name -eq $Folder
                    }).Environments[$Environment]
                $targetEnv = New-Object "$ISNamespace.EnvironmentInfo" ($envDestFolder, $srcEnv.Name, $srcEnv.Description)
                foreach ($var in $srcEnv.Variables) {
                    if ($var.Value.ToString() -eq "") {
                        $finalValue = ""
                    } else {
                        $finalValue = $var.Value
                    }
                    $targetEnv.Variables.Add($var.Name, $var.Type, $finalValue, $var.Sensitive, $var.Description)
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating environment $Environment."
                $targetEnv.Create()
                $targetEnv.Alter()
                $targetEnv.Refresh()
            }
        }
        function New-SSISDBCatalog {
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param (
                [System.Security.SecureString]$SecurePassword
            )
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Creating New SSISDB Catalog")) {
                if (!$Password) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SSISDB Catalog requires a password."
                    $pass1 = Read-Host "Enter a password" -AsSecureString
                    $plainTextPass1 = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($pass1))
                    $pass2 = Read-Host "Re-enter password" -AsSecureString
                    $plainTextPass2 = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($pass2))
                    if ($plainTextPass1 -ne $plainTextPass2) {
                        throw "Validation error, passwords entered do not match."
                    }
                    $plainTextPass = $plainTextPass1
                } else {
                    $plainTextPass = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($Password))
                }

                $catalog = New-Object "$ISNamespace.Catalog" ($destinationSSIS, "SSISDB", $plainTextPass)
                $catalog.Create()
                $catalog.Refresh()
            }
        }

        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }

        try {
            $sourceSSIS = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.IntegrationServices.IntegrationServices $sourceServer
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "There was an error connecting to the source integration services." -Target $sourceServer -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }

        $sourceCatalog = $sourceSSIS.Catalogs | Where-Object {
            $_.Name -eq "SSISDB"
        }
        if (!$sourceCatalog) {
            Stop-Function -Message "The source SSISDB catalog on $Source does not exist."
            return
        }
        $sourceFolders = $sourceCatalog.Folders
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destinationConnection = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 1
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            try {
                Get-RemoteIntegrationService -Computer $destinstance.ComputerName
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "An error occurred when checking the destination for Integration Services. Is Integration Services installed?" -Target $destinstance -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            try {
                $destinationSSIS = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.IntegrationServices.IntegrationServices $destinationConnection
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "There was an error connecting to the destination integration services." -Target $destinationCon -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            $destinationCatalog = $destinationSSIS.Catalogs | Where-Object {
                $_.Name -eq "SSISDB"
            }
            $destinationFolders = $destinationCatalog.Folders

            if (!$destinationCatalog) {
                if (!$destinationConnection.Configuration.IsSqlClrEnabled.ConfigValue) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Enabling SQL CLR configuration option.")) {
                        if (!$EnableSqlClr) {
                            $message = "The destination does not have SQL CLR configuration option enabled (required by SSISDB), would you like to enable it?"
                            $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Enable SQL CLR on $destinstance."
                            $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Exit."
                            $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                            $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($null, $message, $options, 0)
                            switch ($result) {
                                0 {
                                    continue
                                }
                                1 {
                                    return
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Enabling SQL CLR configuration option at the destination."
                        if ($destinationConnection.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue -eq $false) {
                            $destinationConnection.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $true
                            $changeback = $true
                        }

                        $destinationConnection.Configuration.IsSqlClrEnabled.ConfigValue = $true

                        if ($changeback -eq $true) {
                            $destinationConnection.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $false
                        }
                        $destinationConnection.Configuration.Alter()
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL CLR configuration option is already enabled at the destination."
                }
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Create destination SSISDB Catalog")) {
                    if (!$CreateCatalogPassword) {
                        $message = "The destination SSISDB catalog does not exist, would you like to create one?"
                        $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Create an SSISDB catalog on $destinstance."
                        $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Exit."
                        $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                        $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($null, $message, $options, 0)
                        switch ($result) {
                            0 {
                                New-SSISDBCatalog
                            }
                            1 {
                                return
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        New-SSISDBCatalog -SecurePassword $CreateCatalogPassword
                    }

                    $destinationSSIS.Refresh()
                    $destinationCatalog = $destinationSSIS.Catalogs | Where-Object {
                        $_.Name -eq "SSISDB"
                    }
                    $destinationFolders = $destinationCatalog.Folders
                } else {
                    throw "The destination SSISDB catalog does not exist."
                }
            }
            if ($folder) {
                if ($sourceFolders.Name -contains $folder) {
                    $srcFolder = $sourceFolders | Where-Object {
                        $_.Name -eq $folder
                    }
                    if ($destinationFolders.Name -contains $folder) {
                        if (!$force) {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Integration services catalog folder $folder exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                        } else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping folder $folder and recreating")) {
                                try {
                                    New-CatalogFolder -Folder $srcFolder.Name -Description $srcFolder.Description -Force
                                } catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping folder" -Target $folder -ErrorRecord $_
                                }

                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating folder $folder")) {
                            try {
                                New-CatalogFolder -Folder $srcFolder.Name -Description $srcFolder.Description
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating folder" -Target $folder -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    throw "The source folder provided does not exist in the source Integration Services catalog."
                }
            } else {
                foreach ($srcFolder in $sourceFolders) {
                    if ($destinationFolders.Name -notcontains $srcFolder.Name) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Creating folder $($srcFolder.Name)")) {
                            try {
                                New-CatalogFolder -Folder $srcFolder.Name -Description $srcFolder.Description
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue creating folder" -Target $srcFolder -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (!$force) {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Integration services catalog folder $($srcFolder.Name) exists at destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                            continue
                        } else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping folder $($srcFolder.Name) and recreating")) {
                                try {
                                    New-CatalogFolder -Folder $srcFolder.Name -Description $srcFolder.Description -Force
                                } catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping folder" -Target $srcFolder -ErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            # Refresh folders for project and environment deployment
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Refresh folders for project deployment")) {
                try {
                    $destinationFolders.Alter()
                } catch {
                    # Sometimes it says Alter() doesn't exist
                    # here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }
                $destinationFolders.Refresh()
            }

            if ($folder) {
                $sourceFolders = $sourceFolders | Where-Object {
                    $_.Name -eq $folder
                }
                if (!$sourceFolders) {
                    throw "The source folder $folder does not exist in the source Integration Services catalog."
                }
            }
            if ($project) {
                $folderDeploy = $sourceFolders | Where-Object {
                    $_.Projects.Name -eq $project
                }
                if (!$folderDeploy) {
                    throw "The project $project cannot be found in the source Integration Services catalog."
                } else {
                    foreach ($f in $folderDeploy) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Deploying project $project from folder $($f.Name)")) {
                            try {
                                Invoke-ProjectDeployment -Folder $f.Name -Project $project
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue deploying project" -Target $project -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                foreach ($curFolder in $sourceFolders) {
                    foreach ($proj in $curFolder.Projects) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Deploying project $($proj.Name) from folder $($curFolder.Name)")) {
                            try {
                                Invoke-ProjectDeployment -Project $proj.Name -Folder $curFolder.Name
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue deploying project" -Target $proj -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($environment) {
                $folderDeploy = $sourceFolders | Where-Object {
                    $_.Environments.Name -eq $environment
                }
                if (!$folderDeploy) {
                    throw "The environment $environment cannot be found in the source Integration Services catalog."
                } else {
                    foreach ($f in $folderDeploy) {
                        if ($destinationFolders[$f.Name].Environments.Name -notcontains $environment) {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Deploying environment $environment from folder $($f.Name)")) {
                                try {
                                    New-FolderEnvironment -Folder $f.Name -Environment $environment
                                } catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue deploying environment" -Target $environment -ErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            if (!$force) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Integration services catalog environment $environment exists in folder $($f.Name) at destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                            } else {
                                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Dropping existing environment $environment and deploying environment $environment from folder $($f.Name)")) {
                                    try {
                                        New-FolderEnvironment -Folder $f.Name -Environment $environment -Force
                                    } catch {
                                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue dropping existing environment" -Target $environment -ErrorRecord $_
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                foreach ($curFolder in $sourceFolders) {
                    foreach ($env in $curFolder.Environments) {
                        if ($destinationFolders[$curFolder.Name].Environments.Name -notcontains $env.Name) {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Deploying environment $($env.Name) from folder $($curFolder.Name)")) {
                                try {
                                    New-FolderEnvironment -Environment $env.Name -Folder $curFolder.Name
                                } catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue deploying environment" -Target $env -ErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            if (!$force) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Integration services catalog environment $($env.Name) exists in folder $($curFolder.Name) at destination. Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                                continue
                            } else {
                                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Deploying environment $($env.Name) from folder $($curFolder.Name)")) {
                                    try {
                                        New-FolderEnvironment -Environment $env.Name -Folder $curFolder.Name -Force
                                    } catch {
                                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue deploying environment" -Target $env -ErrorRecord $_
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlSsisCatalog
    }
}
function Copy-DbaSysDbUserObject {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Imports all user objects found in source SQL Server's master, msdb and model databases to the destination.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Imports all user objects found in source SQL Server's master, msdb and model databases to the destination. This is useful because many DBAs store backup/maintenance procs/tables/triggers/etc (among other things) in master or msdb.

        It is also useful for migrating objects within the model database.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Classic
        Perform the migration the old way

    .PARAMETER Force
        Drop destination objects first. Has no effect if you use Classic. This doesn't work really well, honestly.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, SystemDatabase, UserObject
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaSysDbUserObject

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaSysDbUserObject -Source $sourceServer -Destination $destserver

        Copies user objects from source to destination

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$Classic,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function get-sqltypename ($type) {
            switch ($type) {
                "VIEW" { "view" }
                "SQL_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION" { "User table valued fsunction" }
                "DEFAULT_CONSTRAINT" { "User default constraint" }
                "SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE" { "User stored procedure" }
                "RULE" { "User rule" }
                "SQL_INLINE_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION" { "User inline table valued function" }
                "SQL_TRIGGER" { "User server trigger" }
                "SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION" { "User scalar function" }
                default { $type }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }

        if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $sourceServer -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $source. Quitting."
            return
        }

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $destServer -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $destinstance" -Continue
            }

            $systemDbs = "master", "model", "msdb"

            if (-not $Classic) {
                foreach ($systemDb in $systemDbs) {
                    $smodb = $sourceServer.databases[$systemDb]
                    $destdb = $destserver.databases[$systemDb]

                    $tables = $smodb.Tables | Where-Object IsSystemObject -ne $true
                    $schemas = $smodb.Schemas | Where-Object IsSystemObject -ne $true

                    foreach ($schema in $schemas) {
                        $copyobject = [pscustomobject]@{
                            SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                            DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                            Name              = $schema
                            Type              = "User schema in $systemDb"
                            Status            = $null
                            Notes             = $null
                            DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                        }

                        $destschema = $destdb.Schemas | Where-Object Name -eq $schema.Name
                        $schmadoit = $true

                        if ($destschema) {
                            if (-not $force) {
                                $copyobject.Status = "Skipped"
                                $copyobject.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                                $schmadoit = $false
                            } else {
                                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Dropping schema $schema in $systemDb")) {
                                    try {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force specified. Dropping $schema in $destdb on $destinstance"
                                        $destschema.Drop()
                                    } catch {
                                        $schmadoit = $false
                                        $copyobject.Status = "Failed"
                                        $copyobject.Notes = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.Message
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($schmadoit) {
                            $transfer = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Transfer $smodb
                            $null = $transfer.CopyAllObjects = $false
                            $null = $transfer.Options.WithDependencies = $true
                            $null = $transfer.ObjectList.Add($schema)
                            $sql = $transfer.ScriptTransfer()
                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Attempting to add schema $($schema.Name) to $systemDb")) {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "$sql"
                                    $null = $destServer.Query($sql, $systemDb)
                                    $copyobject.Status = "Successful"
                                    $copyobject.Notes = "May have also created dependencies"
                                } catch {
                                    $copyobject.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyobject.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        $copyobject | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }

                    foreach ($table in $tables) {
                        $copyobject = [pscustomobject]@{
                            SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                            DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                            Name              = $table
                            Type              = "User table in $systemDb"
                            Status            = $null
                            Notes             = $null
                            DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                        }

                        $desttable = $destdb.Tables.Item($table.Name, $table.Schema)
                        $doit = $true

                        if ($desttable) {
                            if (-not $force) {
                                $copyobject.Status = "Skipped"
                                $copyobject.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                                $doit = $false
                            } else {
                                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Dropping table $table in $systemDb")) {
                                    try {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force specified. Dropping $table in $destdb on $destinstance"
                                        $desttable.Drop()
                                    } catch {
                                        $doit = $false
                                        $copyobject.Status = "Failed"
                                        $copyobject.Notes = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.Message
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($doit) {
                            $transfer = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Transfer $smodb
                            $null = $transfer.CopyAllObjects = $false
                            $null = $transfer.Options.WithDependencies = $true
                            $null = $transfer.ObjectList.Add($table)
                            $sql = $transfer.ScriptTransfer()
                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Attempting to add table $table to $systemDb")) {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "$sql"
                                    $null = $destServer.Query($sql, $systemDb)
                                    $copyobject.Status = "Successful"
                                    $copyobject.Notes = "May have also created dependencies"
                                } catch {
                                    $copyobject.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyobject.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        $copyobject | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }

                    $userobjects = Get-DbaModule -SqlInstance $sourceserver -Database $systemDb -ExcludeSystemObjects | Sort-Object Type
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying from $systemDb"
                    foreach ($userobject in $userobjects) {

                        $name = "[$($userobject.SchemaName)].[$($userobject.Name)]"
                        $db = $userobject.Database
                        $type = get-sqltypename $userobject.Type
                        $sql = $userobject.Definition
                        $schema = $userobject.SchemaName

                        $copyobject = [pscustomobject]@{
                            SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                            DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                            Name              = $name
                            Type              = "$type in $systemDb"
                            Status            = $null
                            Notes             = $null
                            DateTime          = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Utility.DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Searching for $name in $db on $destinstance"
                            $result = Get-DbaModule -SqlInstance $destServer -ExcludeSystemObjects -Database $db |
                                Where-Object { $psitem.Name -eq $userobject.Name -and $psitem.Type -eq $userobject.Type }
                            if ($result) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found $name in $db on $destinstance"
                                if (-not $Force) {
                                    $copyobject.Status = "Skipped"
                                    $copyobject.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                                } else {
                                    $smobject = switch ($userobject.Type) {
                                        "VIEW" { $smodb.Views.Item($userobject.Name, $userobject.SchemaName) }
                                        "SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE" { $smodb.StoredProcedures.Item($userobject.Name, $userobject.SchemaName) }
                                        "RULE" { $smodb.Rules.Item($userobject.Name, $userobject.SchemaName) }
                                        "SQL_TRIGGER" { $smodb.Triggers.Item($userobject.Name, $userobject.SchemaName) }
                                        "SQL_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION" { $smodb.UserDefinedFunctions.Item($name) }
                                        "SQL_INLINE_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION" { $smodb.UserDefinedFunctions.Item($name) }
                                        "SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION" { $smodb.UserDefinedFunctions.Item($name) }
                                    }

                                    if ($smobject) {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force specified. Dropping $smobject on $destdb on $destinstance using SMO"
                                        $transfer = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Transfer $smodb
                                        $null = $transfer.CopyAllObjects = $false
                                        $null = $transfer.Options.WithDependencies = $true
                                        $null = $transfer.ObjectList.Add($smobject)
                                        $null = $transfer.Options.ScriptDrops = $true
                                        $dropsql = $transfer.ScriptTransfer()
                                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "$dropsql"
                                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Attempting to drop $type $name from $systemDb")) {
                                            $null = $destdb.Query("$dropsql")
                                        }
                                    } else {
                                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Attempting to drop $type $name from $systemDb using T-SQL")) {
                                            $null = $destdb.Query("DROP FUNCTION $($userobject.name)")
                                        }
                                    }
                                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Attempting to add $type $name to $systemDb")) {
                                        $null = $destdb.Query("$sql")
                                        $copyobject.Status = "Successful"
                                    }
                                }
                            } else {
                                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Attempting to add $type $name to $systemDb")) {
                                    $null = $destdb.Query("$sql")
                                    $copyobject.Status = "Successful"
                                }
                            }
                        } catch {
                            try {
                                $smobject = switch ($userobject.Type) {
                                    "VIEW" { $smodb.Views.Item($userobject.Name, $userobject.SchemaName) }
                                    "SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE" { $smodb.StoredProcedures.Item($userobject.Name, $userobject.SchemaName) }
                                    "RULE" { $smodb.Rules.Item($userobject.Name, $userobject.SchemaName) }
                                    "SQL_TRIGGER" { $smodb.Triggers.Item($userobject.Name, $userobject.SchemaName) }
                                }
                                if ($smobject) {
                                    $transfer = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Transfer $smodb
                                    $null = $transfer.CopyAllObjects = $false
                                    $null = $transfer.Options.WithDependencies = $true
                                    $null = $transfer.ObjectList.Add($smobject)
                                    $sql = $transfer.ScriptTransfer()
                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "$sql"
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding $smoobject on $destdb on $destinstance"
                                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, "Attempting to add $type $name to $systemDb")) {
                                        $null = $destdb.Query("$sql")
                                    }
                                    $copyobject.Status = "Successful"
                                    $copyobject.Notes = "May have also installed dependencies"
                                } else {
                                    $copyobject.Status = "Failed"
                                    $copyobject.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                                }
                            } catch {
                                $copyobject.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyobject.Notes = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                            }
                        }
                        $copyobject | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    }
                }
            } else {
                foreach ($systemDb in $systemDbs) {
                    $sysdb = $sourceServer.databases[$systemDb]
                    $transfer = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Transfer $sysdb
                    $transfer.CopyAllObjects = $false
                    $transfer.CopyAllDatabaseTriggers = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllDefaults = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllRoles = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllRules = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllSchemas = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllSequences = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllSqlAssemblies = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllSynonyms = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllTables = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllViews = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllStoredProcedures = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllUserDefinedAggregates = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllUserDefinedDataTypes = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllUserDefinedTableTypes = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllUserDefinedTypes = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllUserDefinedFunctions = $true
                    $transfer.CopyAllUsers = $true
                    $transfer.PreserveDbo = $true
                    $transfer.Options.AllowSystemObjects = $false
                    $transfer.Options.ContinueScriptingOnError = $true
                    $transfer.Options.IncludeDatabaseRoleMemberships = $true
                    $transfer.Options.Indexes = $true
                    $transfer.Options.Permissions = $true
                    $transfer.Options.WithDependencies = $false

                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Copying from $systemDb."
                    try {
                        $sqlQueries = $transfer.ScriptTransfer()

                        foreach ($sql in $sqlQueries) {
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "$sql"
                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destServer, $sql)) {
                                try {
                                    $destServer.Query($sql, $systemDb)
                                } catch {
                                    # Don't care - long story having to do with duplicate stuff
                                    # here to avoid an empty catch
                                    $null = 1
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } catch {
                        # Don't care - long story having to do with duplicate stuff
                        # here to avoid an empty catch
                        $null = 1
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlSysDbUserObjects
    }
}
function Copy-DbaXESession {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Migrates SQL Extended Event Sessions except the two default sessions, AlwaysOn_health and system_health.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Migrates SQL Extended Event Sessions except the two default sessions, AlwaysOn_health and system_health.

        By default, all non-system Extended Events are migrated.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER XeSession
        The Extended Event Session(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all Extended Event Sessions will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeXeSession
        The Extended Event Session(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, existing Extended Events sessions on Destination with matching names from Source will be dropped.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, ExtendedEvent, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaXESession

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaXESession -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Copies all Extended Event sessions from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using Windows credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaXESession -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred

        Copies all Extended Event sessions from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster using SQL credentials for sqlserver2014a and Windows credentials for sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaXESession -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaXESession -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -XeSession CheckQueries, MonitorUserDefinedException

        Copies only the Extended Events named CheckQueries and MonitorUserDefinedException from sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,
        [object[]]$XeSession,
        [object[]]$ExcludeXeSession,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Copy-DbaExtendedEvent
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
            return
        }
        $sourceSqlConn = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
        $sourceSqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $sourceSqlConn
        $sourceStore = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $sourceSqlStoreConnection
        $storeSessions = $sourceStore.Sessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin 'AlwaysOn_health', 'system_health' }
        if ($XeSession) {
            $storeSessions = $storeSessions | Where-Object Name -In $XeSession
        }
        if ($ExcludeXeSession) {
            $storeSessions = $storeSessions | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeXeSession
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destinstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance -Continue
            }

            $destSqlConn = $destServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            $destSqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $destSqlConn
            $destStore = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $destSqlStoreConnection

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating sessions."
            foreach ($session in $storeSessions) {
                $sessionName = $session.Name

                $copyXeSessionStatus = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer      = $sourceServer.Name
                    DestinationServer = $destServer.Name
                    Name              = $sessionName
                    Type              = "Extended Event"
                    Status            = $null
                    Notes             = $null
                    DateTime          = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }

                if ($null -ne $destStore.Sessions[$sessionName]) {
                    if ($force -eq $false) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Extended Event Session '$sessionName' was skipped because it already exists on $destinstance.")) {
                            $copyXeSessionStatus.Status = "Skipped"
                            $copyXeSessionStatus.Notes = "Already exists on destination"
                            $copyXeSessionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Extended Event Session '$sessionName' was skipped because it already exists on $destinstance."
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                        }
                        continue
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Attempting to drop $sessionName")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Extended Event Session '$sessionName' exists on $destinstance."
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Force specified. Dropping $sessionName."

                            try {
                                $destStore.Sessions[$sessionName].Drop()
                            } catch {
                                $copyXeSessionStatus.Status = "Failed"
                                $copyXeSessionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to drop session. Moving on." -Target $sessionName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destinstance, "Migrating session $sessionName")) {
                    try {
                        $sql = $session.ScriptCreate().GetScript() | Out-String

                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating session $sessionName."
                        $null = $destServer.Query($sql)

                        if ($session.IsRunning -eq $true) {
                            $destStore.Sessions.Refresh()
                            $destStore.Sessions[$sessionName].Start()
                        }

                        $copyXeSessionStatus.Status = "Successful"
                        $copyXeSessionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject
                    } catch {
                        $copyXeSessionStatus.Status = "Failed"
                        $copyXeSessionStatus | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject

                        Stop-Function -Message "Unable to create session." -Target $sessionName -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlExtendedEvent
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Copy-DbaXESessionTemplate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copies non-Microsoft templates from the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\) to $home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Copies non-Microsoft templates from the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\) to $home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates.

        Useful for when you want to use the SSMS GUI.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the template directory. Defaults to the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\).

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Path to the Destination directory, defaults to $home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaXESessionTemplate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaXESessionTemplate

        Copies non-Microsoft templates from the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\) to $home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Copy-DbaXESessionTemplate -Path C:\temp\xetemplates

        Copies your templates from C:\temp\xetemplates to $home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [string[]]$Path = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\xetemplates",
        [string]$Destination = "$home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates",
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($destinstance in $Destination) {
            if (-not (Test-Path -Path $destinstance)) {
                try {
                    $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $destinstance -ErrorAction Stop
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destinstance
                }
            }
            try {
                $files = (Get-DbaXESessionTemplate -Path $Path | Where-Object Source -ne Microsoft).Path
                foreach ($file in $files) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Copying $($file.Name) to $destinstance."
                    Copy-Item -Path $file -Destination $destinstance -ErrorAction Stop
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $path
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Disable-DbaAgHadr {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Disables the Hadr service setting on the specified SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        In order to build an AG a cluster has to be built and then the Hadr enabled for the SQL Server
        service. This function disables that feature for the SQL Server service.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the Windows server as a different user

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Will restart SQL Server and SQL Server Agent service to apply the change.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Hadr, AG, AvailabilityGroup
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton), http://wsmelton.github.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Disable-DbaAgHadr

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Disable-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance sql2016

        Sets Hadr service to disabled for the instance sql2016 but changes will not be applied until the next time the server restarts.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Disable-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance sql2016 -Force

        Sets Hadr service to disabled for the instance sql2016, and restart the service to apply the change.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Disable-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance sql2012\dev1 -Force

        Sets Hadr service to disabled for the instance dev1 on sq2012, and restart the service to apply the change.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $computer = $computerFullName = $instance.ComputerName
            $instanceName = $instance.InstanceName
            if (-not (Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance)) {
                return
            }
            $noChange = $false

            <#
            #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
            switch ($instance.InstanceName) {
                'MSSQLSERVER' { $agentName = 'SQLSERVERAGENT' }
                default { $agentName = "SQLAgent`$$instanceName" }
            }
            #>

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking current Hadr setting for $computer"
                $currentState = Get-WmiHadr -SqlInstance $instance -Credential $Credential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure to pull current state of Hadr setting on $computer" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $isHadrEnabled = $currentState.IsHadrEnabled
            Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "$instance Hadr current value: $isHadrEnabled"

            # hadr results from sql wmi can be iffy, skip the check
            <#
            if (-not $isHadrEnabled) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Hadr is already disabled for instance: $($instance.FullName)"
                $noChange = $true
                continue
            }
            #>

            $scriptblock = {
                $instance = $args[0]
                $sqlService = $wmi.Services | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($instance)"
                $sqlService.ChangeHadrServiceSetting(0)
            }

            if ($noChange -eq $false) {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing Hadr from $isHadrEnabled to 0 for $instance")) {
                    try {
                        Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $computerFullName -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $instancename
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure on $($instance.FullName) | This may be because AlwaysOn Availability Groups feature requires the x86(non-WOW) or x64 Enterprise Edition of SQL Server 2012 (or later version) running on Windows Server 2008 (or later version) with WSFC hotfix KB 2494036 installed."
                    }
                }
                if (Test-Bound 'Force') {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Force provided, restarting Engine and Agent service for $instance on $computerFullName")) {
                        try {
                            $null = Stop-DbaService -ComputerName $computerFullName -InstanceName $instanceName -Type Agent, Engine
                            $null = Start-DbaService -ComputerName $computerFullName -InstanceName $instanceName -Type Agent, Engine
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue restarting $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                $newState = Get-WmiHadr -SqlInstance $instance -Credential $Credential

                if (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Force) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must restart the SQL Server for it to take effect."
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName  = $newState.ComputerName
                    InstanceName  = $newState.InstanceName
                    SqlInstance   = $newState.SqlInstance
                    IsHadrEnabled = $false
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Disable-DbaFilestream {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets the status of FileStream on specified SQL Server instances both at the server level and the instance level

    .DESCRIPTION
        Connects to the specified SQL Server instances, and sets the status of the FileStream feature to the required value

        To perform the action, the SQL Server instance must be restarted. By default we will prompt for confirmation for this action, this can be overridden with the -Force switch

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Login to the target server using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Restart SQL Instance after changes. Use this parameter with care as it overrides whatif.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command runs. The command is not run unless Force is specified.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the command.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Filestream
        Author: Stuart Moore ( @napalmgram ) | Chrissy LeMaire ( @cl )
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Disable-DbaFilestream -SqlInstance server1\instance2

        Prompts for confirmation. Disables filestream on the service and instance levels.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Disable-DbaFilestream -SqlInstance server1\instance2 -Confirm:$false

        Does not prompt for confirmation. Disables filestream on the service and instance levels.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaFilestream -SqlInstance server1\instance2, server5\instance5, prod\hr | Where-Object InstanceAccessLevel -gt 0 | Disable-DbaFilestream -Force

        Using this pipeline you can scan a range of SQL instances and disable filestream on only those on which it's enabled.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $FileStreamLevel = $level = 0

        $OutputLookup = @{
            0 = 'Disabled'
            1 = 'FileStream enabled for T-Sql access'
            2 = 'FileStream enabled for T-Sql and IO streaming access'
            3 = 'FileStream enabled for T-Sql, IO streaming, and remote clients'
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure connecting to $computer" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Instance level
            $filestreamstate = [int]$server.Configuration.FilestreamAccessLevel.RunningValue

            if ($Force -or $PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing from '$($OutputLookup[$filestreamstate])' to '$($OutputLookup[$level])' at the instance level")) {
                try {
                    $null = Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $server -Name FilestreamAccessLevel -Value $level -EnableException
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }


                # Server level
                if ($server.IsClustered) {
                    $nodes = Get-DbaWsfcNode -ComputerName $instance -Credential $Credential
                    foreach ($node in $nodes.Name) {
                        $result = Set-FileSystemSetting -Instance $node -Credential $Credential -FilestreamLevel $FileStreamLevel
                    }
                } else {
                    $result = Set-FileSystemSetting -Instance $instance -Credential $Credential -FilestreamLevel $FileStreamLevel
                }

                if ($Force) {
                    #$restart replaced with $null as it was identified as a unused variable
                    $null = Restart-DbaService -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -InstanceName $server.ServiceName -Type Engine -Force
                }

                Get-DbaFilestream -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Credential $Credential

                if ($filestreamstate -ne $level -and -not $Force) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "[$instance] $result"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Disable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Disables Force Encryption for a SQL Server instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Disables Force Encryption for a SQL Server instance. Note that this requires access to the Windows Server, not the SQL instance itself.

        This setting is found in Configuration Manager.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the computer (not SQL Server instance) using alternative Windows credentials.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Disable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption

        Disables Force Encryption on the default (MSSQLSERVER) instance on localhost - requires (and checks for) RunAs admin.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Disable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption -SqlInstance sql01\SQL2008R2SP2

        Disables Force Network Encryption for the SQL2008R2SP2 on sql01. Uses Windows Credentials to both login and modify the registry.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Disable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption -SqlInstance sql01\SQL2008R2SP2 -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $instance." -Target $instance
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance -Continue

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving hostname."
            $resolved = $null
            $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance -Turbo

            if ($null -eq $resolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't resolve $instance." -Target $instance -Continue -Category InvalidArgument
            }

            try {
                $sqlwmi = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $resolved.FullComputerName -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($($instance.InstanceName))"
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to access $instance." -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
            $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
            try {
                $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(
            } catch {
                # Probably because the instance name has been aliased or does not exist or something
                # here to avoid an empty catch
                $null = 1
            }
            $serviceaccount = $sqlwmi.ServiceAccount

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $instance." -Continue -Category ObjectNotFound -Target $instance
                }
            }

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) { $vsname = $instance }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Regroot: $regroot" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "ServiceAcct: $serviceaccount" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "InstanceName: $instancename" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "VSNAME: $vsname" -Target $instance

            $scriptblock = {
                $regpath = "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$($args[0])\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib"
                $cert = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate).Certificate
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                #$oldvalue = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption).ForceEncryption
                Set-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption -Value $false
                $forceencryption = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption).ForceEncryption

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName          = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    InstanceName          = $args[2]
                    SqlInstance           = $args[1]
                    ForceEncryption       = ($forceencryption -eq $true)
                    CertificateThumbprint = $cert
                }
            }

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $instance to modify the ForceEncryption value in $regroot for $($instance.InstanceName)")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $resolved.FullComputerName -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $regroot, $vsname, $instancename -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop
                    Write-Message -Level Critical -Message "Force encryption was successfully set on $($resolved.FullComputerName) for the $instancename instance. You must now restart the SQL Server for changes to take effect." -Target $instance
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to $($resolved.FullComputerName) using PowerShell remoting!" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Disable-DbaTraceFlag {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Disable a Global Trace Flag that is currently running

    .DESCRIPTION
        The function will disable a Trace Flag that is currently running globally on the SQL Server instance(s) listed

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER TraceFlag
        Trace flag number to enable globally

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: TraceFlag
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Disable-DbaTraceFlag

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Disable-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance sql2016 -TraceFlag 3226

        Disable the globally running trace flag 3226 on SQL Server instance sql2016

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [int[]]$TraceFlag,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $current = Get-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance $server -EnableException

            foreach ($tf in $TraceFlag) {
                $TraceFlagInfo = [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    TraceFlag    = $tf
                    Status       = $null
                    Notes        = $null
                    DateTime     = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }
                if ($tf -notin $current.TraceFlag) {
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Status = 'Skipped'
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Notes = "Trace Flag is not running."
                    $TraceFlagInfo
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Trace Flag $tf is not currently running on $instance"
                    continue
                }

                try {
                    $query = "DBCC TRACEOFF ($tf, -1)"
                    $server.Query($query)
                } catch {
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Status = "Failed"
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                    $TraceFlagInfo
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
                $TraceFlagInfo.Status = "Successful"
                $TraceFlagInfo
            }
        }
    }
}
function Dismount-DbaDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Detach a SQL Server Database.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command detaches one or more SQL Server databases. If necessary, -Force can be used to break mirrors and remove databases from availability groups prior to detaching.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to detach.

    .PARAMETER FileStructure
        A StringCollection object value that contains a list database files. If FileStructure is not specified, BackupHistory will be used to guess the structure.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase), to be detached.

    .PARAMETER UpdateStatistics
        If this switch is enabled, statistics for the database will be updated prior to detaching it.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled and the database is part of a mirror, the mirror will be broken. If the database is part of an Availability Group, it will be removed from the AG.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Dismount-DbaDatabase

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Detach-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016b -Database SharePoint_Config, WSS_Logging

        Detaches SharePoint_Config and WSS_Logging from sql2016b

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016b -Database 'PerformancePoint Service Application_10032db0fa0041df8f913f558a5dc0d4' | Detach-DbaDatabase -Force

        Detaches 'PerformancePoint Service Application_10032db0fa0041df8f913f558a5dc0d4' from sql2016b. Since Force was specified, if the database is part of mirror, the mirror will be broken prior to detaching.

        If the database is part of an Availability Group, it will first be dropped prior to detachment.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016b -Database WSS_Logging | Detach-DbaDatabase -Force -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were to execute (without actually executing the detach/break/remove commands).

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'SqlInstance')]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'SqlInstance')]
        [string[]]$Database,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Pipeline', ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [Switch]$UpdateStatistics,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $InputObject += $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            } else {
                $InputObject += $server.Databases
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            $db.Refresh()
            $server = $db.Parent

            if ($db.IsSystemObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$db is a system database and cannot be detached using this method." -Target $db -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking replication status."
            if ($db.ReplicationOptions -ne "None") {
                Stop-Function -Message "Skipping $db  on $server because it is replicated." -Target $db -Continue
            }

            # repeat because different servers could be piped in
            $snapshots = (Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance $server).SnapshotOf
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for snaps"
            if ($db.Name -in $snapshots) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db has snapshots, you need to drop them before detaching. Skipping $db on $server."
                Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking mirror status"
            if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled -and !$Force) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$db on $server is being mirrored. Use -Force to break mirror or use the safer backup/restore method." -Target $db -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking Availability Group status"

            if ($db.AvailabilityGroupName -and !$Force) {
                $ag = $db.AvailabilityGroupName
                Stop-Function -Message "$db on $server is part of an Availability Group ($ag). Use -Force to drop from $ag availability group to detach. Alternatively, you can use the safer backup/restore method." -Target $db -Continue
            }

            $sessions = Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $db.Parent -Database $db.Name

            if ($sessions -and !$Force) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$db on $server currently has connected users and cannot be dropped. Use -Force to kill all connections and detach the database." -Target $db -Continue
            }

            if ($force) {

                if ($sessions) {
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Killing $($sessions.count) sessions which are connected to $db")) {
                        $null = $sessions | Stop-DbaProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                    }
                }

                if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled) {
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Breaking mirror for $db on $server")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Breaking mirror for $db on $server."
                            $db.ChangeMirroringState([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MirroringOption]::Off)
                            $db.Alter()
                            $db.Refresh()
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not break mirror for $db on $server - not detaching." -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($db.AvailabilityGroupName) {
                    $ag = $db.AvailabilityGroupName
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Attempting remove $db on $server from Availability Group $ag")) {
                        try {
                            $server.AvailabilityGroups[$ag].AvailabilityDatabases[$db.name].Drop()
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully removed $db from  detach from $ag on $server."
                        } catch {
                            if ($_.Exception.InnerException) {
                                $exception = $_.Exception.InnerException.ToString() -Split "System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: "
                                $exception = " | $(($exception[1] -Split "at Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common.ConnectionManager")[0])".TrimEnd()
                            }

                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove $db from $ag on $server $exception." -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                $sessions = Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $db.Parent -Database $db.Name

                if ($sessions) {
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Killing $($sessions.count) sessions which are still connected to $db")) {
                        $null = $sessions | Stop-DbaProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                    }
                }
            }

            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Detaching $db on $server")) {
                try {
                    $server.DetachDatabase($db.Name, $UpdateStatistics)

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $db.name
                        DetachResult = "Success"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Enable-DbaAgHadr {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Enables the Hadr service setting on the specified SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        In order to build an AG a cluster has to be built and then the Hadr enabled for the SQL Server
        service. This function enables that feature for the SQL Server service.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the Windows server as a different user

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Will restart SQL Server and SQL Server Agent service to apply the change.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Hadr, HA, AG, AvailabilityGroup
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton), http://wsmelton.github.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Enable-DbaAgHadr

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Enable-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance sql2016

        Sets Hadr service to enabled for the instance sql2016 but changes will not be applied until the next time the server restarts.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Enable-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance sql2016 -Force

        Sets Hadr service to enabled for the instance sql2016, and restart the service to apply the change.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Enable-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance sql2012\dev1 -Force

        Sets Hadr service to disabled for the instance dev1 on sq2012, and restart the service to apply the change.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $computer = $computerFullName = $instance.ComputerName
            $instanceName = $instance.InstanceName
            if (-not (Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance)) {
                return
            }
            $noChange = $false

            <#
            #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
            switch ($instance.InstanceName) {
                'MSSQLSERVER' { $agentName = 'SQLSERVERAGENT' }
                default { $agentName = "SQLAgent`$$instanceName" }
            }
            #>

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking current Hadr setting for $computer"
                $currentState = Get-WmiHadr -SqlInstance $instance -Credential $Credential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure to pull current state of Hadr setting on $computer" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $isHadrEnabled = $currentState.IsHadrEnabled
            Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "$instance Hadr current value: $isHadrEnabled"

            # hadr results from sql wmi can be iffy, skip the check
            <#
            if ($isHadrEnabled) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Hadr is already enabled for instance: $($instance.FullName)"
                $noChange = $true
                continue
            }
            #>

            $scriptblock = {
                $instance = $args[0]
                $sqlService = $wmi.Services | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($instance)"
                $sqlService.ChangeHadrServiceSetting(1)
            }

            if ($noChange -eq $false) {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing Hadr from $isHadrEnabled to 1 for $instance")) {
                    try {
                        Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $computerFullName -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $instancename
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure on $($instance.FullName) | This may be because AlwaysOn Availability Groups feature requires the x86(non-WOW) or x64 Enterprise Edition of SQL Server 2012 (or later version) running on Windows Server 2008 (or later version) with WSFC hotfix KB 2494036 installed."
                    }
                }
            }

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Force) {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Force provided, restarting Engine and Agent service for $instance on $computerFullName")) {
                    try {
                        $null = Stop-DbaService -ComputerName $computerFullName -InstanceName $instanceName -Type Agent, Engine
                        $null = Start-DbaService -ComputerName $computerFullName -InstanceName $instanceName -Type Agent, Engine
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue restarting $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
            $newState = Get-WmiHadr -SqlInstance $instance -Credential $Credential

            if (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Force) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must restart the SQL Server for it to take effect."
            }

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName  = $newState.ComputerName
                InstanceName  = $newState.InstanceName
                SqlInstance   = $newState.SqlInstance
                IsHadrEnabled = $true
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Enable-DbaFilestream {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Enables FileStream on specified SQL Server instances

    .DESCRIPTION
        Connects to the specified SQL Server instances, and Enables the FileStream feature to the required value

        To perform the action, the SQL Server instance must be restarted. By default we will prompt for confirmation for this action, this can be overridden with the -Force switch

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Login to the target server using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER FileStreamLevel
        The level to of FileStream to be enabled:
        1 or TSql - T-Sql Access Only
        2 or TSqlIoStreaming - T-Sql and Win32 access enabled
        3 or TSqlIoStreamingRemoteClient T-Sql, Win32 and Remote access enabled

    .PARAMETER ShareName
        Specifies the Windows file share name to be used for storing the FILESTREAM data.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Restart SQL Instance after changes. Use this parameter with care as it overrides whatif.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command runs. The command is not run unless Force is specified.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the command.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Filestream
        Author: Stuart Moore ( @napalmgram ) | Chrissy LeMaire ( @cl )
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Enable-DbaFilestream -SqlInstance server1\instance2 -FileStreamLevel TSql
        PS C:\> Enable-DbaFilestream -SqlInstance server1\instance2 -FileStreamLevel 1

        These commands are functionally equivalent, both will set Filestream level on server1\instance2 to T-Sql Only

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaFilestream -SqlInstance server1\instance2, server5\instance5, prod\hr | Where-Object InstanceAccessLevel -eq 0 | Enable-DbaFilestream -FileStreamLevel TSqlIoStreamingRemoteClient -Force

        Using this pipeline you can scan a range of SQL instances and enable filestream on only those on which it's disabled.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Medium")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [ValidateSet("TSql", "TSqlIoStreaming", "TSqlIoStreamingRemoteClient", 1, 2, 3)]
        [string]$FileStreamLevel = 1,
        [string]$ShareName,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($FileStreamLevel -notin (1, 2, 3)) {
            $FileStreamLevel = switch ($FileStreamLevel) {
                "TSql" {
                    1
                }
                "TSqlIoStreaming" {
                    2
                }
                "TSqlIoStreamingRemoteClient" {
                    3
                }
            }
        }
        # = $finallevel removed as it was identified as a unused variable
        $level = [int]$FileStreamLevel
        $OutputLookup = @{
            0 = 'Disabled'
            1 = 'FileStream enabled for T-Sql access'
            2 = 'FileStream enabled for T-Sql and IO streaming access'
            3 = 'FileStream enabled for T-Sql, IO streaming, and remote clients'
        }
    }
    process {
        if ($ShareName -and $level -lt 2) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Filestream must be at least level 2 when using ShareName"
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure connecting to $computer" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $filestreamstate = [int]$server.Configuration.FilestreamAccessLevel.ConfigValue

            if ($Force -or $PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing from '$($OutputLookup[$filestreamstate])' to '$($OutputLookup[$level])' at the instance level")) {
                # Server level
                if ($server.IsClustered) {
                    $nodes = Get-DbaWsfcNode -ComputerName $instance
                    foreach ($node in $nodes.Name) {
                        $result = Set-FileSystemSetting -Instance $node -Credential $Credential -ShareName $ShareName -FilestreamLevel $level
                    }
                } else {
                    $result = Set-FileSystemSetting -Instance $instance -Credential $Credential -ShareName $ShareName -FilestreamLevel $level
                }

                # Instance level
                if ($level -eq 3) {
                    $level = 2
                }

                try {
                    $null = Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $server -Name FilestreamAccessLevel -Value $level -EnableException
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }

                if ($Force) {
                    #$restart replaced with $null as it was identified as a unused variable
                    $null = Restart-DbaService -ComputerName $server.ComputerName -InstanceName $server.ServiceName -Type Engine -Force
                }

                Get-DbaFilestream -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Credential $Credential
                if ($filestreamstate -ne $level -and -not $Force) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "[$instance] $result"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Enable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Enables Force Encryption for a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Enables Force Encryption for a SQL Server instance. Note that this requires access to the Windows Server, not the SQL instance itself.

        This setting is found in Configuration Manager.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the computer (not SQL Server instance) using alternative Windows credentials

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate, Encryption
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Enable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption

        Enables Force Encryption on the default (MSSQLSERVER) instance on localhost. Requires (and checks for) RunAs admin.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Enable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption -SqlInstance sql01\SQL2008R2SP2

        Enables Force Network Encryption for the SQL2008R2SP2 on sql01. Uses Windows Credentials to both connect and modify the registry.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Enable-DbaForceNetworkEncryption -SqlInstance sql01\SQL2008R2SP2 -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low", DefaultParameterSetName = 'Default')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $instance." -Target $instance
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance -Continue

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving hostname."
            $resolved = $null
            $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance -Turbo

            if ($null -eq $resolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't resolve $instance." -Target $instance -Continue -Category InvalidArgument
            }

            try {
                $sqlwmi = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $resolved.FullComputerName -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($($instance.InstanceName))"
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to access $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
            $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
            try {
                $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(
            } catch {
                # Probably because the instance name has been aliased or does not exist or something
                # here to avoid an empty catch
                $null = 1
            }
            $serviceaccount = $sqlwmi.ServiceAccount

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $instance." -Continue -Category ObjectNotFound -Target $instance
                }
            }

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) { $vsname = $instance }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Regroot: $regroot" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "ServiceAcct: $serviceaccount" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "InstanceName: $instancename" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "VSNAME: $vsname" -Target $instance

            $scriptblock = {
                $regpath = "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$($args[0])\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib"
                $cert = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate).Certificate
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                #$oldvalue = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption).ForceEncryption
                Set-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption -Value $true
                $forceencryption = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption).ForceEncryption

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName          = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    InstanceName          = $args[2]
                    SqlInstance           = $args[1]
                    ForceEncryption       = ($forceencryption -eq $true)
                    CertificateThumbprint = $cert
                }
            }

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $instance to modify the ForceEncryption value in $regroot for $($instance.InstanceName)")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $resolved.FullComputerName -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $regroot, $vsname, $instancename -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop | Select-Object -Property * -ExcludeProperty PSComputerName, RunspaceId, PSShowComputerName
                    Write-Message -Level Critical -Message "Force encryption was successfully set on $($resolved.FullComputerName) for the $instancename instance. You must now restart the SQL Server for changes to take effect." -Target $instance
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to $($resolved.FullComputerName) using PowerShell remoting!" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Enable-DbaTraceFlag {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Enable Global Trace Flag(s)

    .DESCRIPTION
        The function will set one or multiple trace flags on the SQL Server instance(s) listed

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER TraceFlag
        Trace flag number(s) to enable globally

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: TraceFlag
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Enable-DbaTraceFlag

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Enable-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance sql2016 -TraceFlag 3226

        Enable the trace flag 3226 on SQL Server instance sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Enable-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance sql2016 -TraceFlag 1117, 1118

        Enable multiple trace flags on SQL Server instance sql2016

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [int[]]$TraceFlag,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $CurrentRunningTraceFlags = Get-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance $server -EnableException

            # We could combine all trace flags but the granularity is worth it
            foreach ($tf in $TraceFlag) {
                $TraceFlagInfo = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    SourceServer = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    TraceFlag    = $tf
                    Status       = $null
                    Notes        = $null
                    DateTime     = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date)
                }
                if ($CurrentRunningTraceFlags.TraceFlag -contains $tf) {
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Status = 'Skipped'
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Notes = "The Trace flag is already running."
                    $TraceFlagInfo
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The Trace flag [$tf] is already running globally."
                    continue
                }

                try {
                    $query = "DBCC TRACEON ($tf, -1)"
                    $server.Query($query)
                    $server.Refresh()
                } catch {
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Status = "Failed"
                    $TraceFlagInfo.Notes = $_.Exception.Message
                    $TraceFlagInfo
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
                $TraceFlagInfo.Status = "Successful"
                $TraceFlagInfo
            }
        }
    }
}
function Expand-DbaDbLogFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This command will help you to automatically grow your transaction log  file in a responsible way (preventing the generation of too many VLFs).

    .DESCRIPTION
        As you may already know, having a transaction log file with too many Virtual Log Files (VLFs) can hurt your database performance in many ways.

        Example:
        Too many VLFs can cause transaction log backups to slow down and can also slow down database recovery and, in extreme cases, even impact insert/update/delete performance.

        References:
        http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/kimberly/transaction-log-vlfs-too-many-or-too-few/
        http://blogs.msdn.com/b/saponsqlserver/archive/2012/02/22/too-many-virtual-log-files-vlfs-can-cause-slow-database-recovery.aspx
        http://www.brentozar.com/blitz/high-virtual-log-file-vlf-count/

        In order to get rid of this fragmentation we need to grow the file taking the following into consideration:
        - How many VLFs are created when we perform a grow operation or when an auto-grow is invoked?

        Note: In SQL Server 2014 this algorithm has changed (http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/important-change-vlf-creation-algorithm-sql-server-2014/)

        Attention:
        We are growing in MB instead of GB because of known issue prior to SQL 2012:
        More detail here:
        http://www.sqlskills.com/BLOGS/PAUL/post/Bug-log-file-growth-broken-for-multiples-of-4GB.aspx
        and
        http://connect.microsoft.com/SqlInstance/feedback/details/481594/log-growth-not-working-properly-with-specific-growth-sizes-vlfs-also-not-created-appropriately
        or
        https://connect.microsoft.com/SqlInstance/feedback/details/357502/transaction-log-file-size-will-not-grow-exactly-4gb-when-filegrowth-4gb

        Understanding related problems:
        http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/kimberly/transaction-log-vlfs-too-many-or-too-few/
        http://blogs.msdn.com/b/saponsqlserver/archive/2012/02/22/too-many-virtual-log-files-vlfs-can-cause-slow-database-recovery.aspx
        http://www.brentozar.com/blitz/high-virtual-log-file-vlf-count/

        Known bug before SQL Server 2012
        http://www.sqlskills.com/BLOGS/PAUL/post/Bug-log-file-growth-broken-for-multiples-of-4GB.aspx
        http://connect.microsoft.com/SqlInstance/feedback/details/481594/log-growth-not-working-properly-with-specific-growth-sizes-vlfs-also-not-created-appropriately
        https://connect.microsoft.com/SqlInstance/feedback/details/357502/transaction-log-file-size-will-not-grow-exactly-4gb-when-filegrowth-4gb

        How it works?
        The transaction log will grow in chunks until it reaches the desired size.
        Example: If you have a log file with 8192MB and you say that the target size is 81920MB (80GB) it will grow in chunks of 8192MB until it reaches 81920MB. 8192 -> 16384 -> 24576 ... 73728 -> 81920

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER TargetLogSize
        Specifies the target size of the transaction log file in megabytes.

    .PARAMETER IncrementSize
        Specifies the amount the transaction log should grow in megabytes. If this value differs from the suggested value based on your TargetLogSize, you will be prompted to confirm your choice.

        This value will be calculated if not specified.

    .PARAMETER LogFileId
        Specifies the file number(s) of additional transaction log files to grow.

        If this value is not specified, only the first transaction log file will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ShrinkLogFile
        If this switch is enabled, your transaction log files will be shrunk.

    .PARAMETER ShrinkSize
        Specifies the target size of the transaction log file for the shrink operation in megabytes.

    .PARAMETER BackupDirectory
        Specifies the location of your backups. Backups must be performed to shrink the transaction log.

        If this value is not specified, the SQL Server instance's default backup directory will be used.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDiskSpaceValidation
        If this switch is enabled, the validation for enough disk space using Get-DbaDiskSpace command will be skipped.
        This can be useful when you know that you have enough space to grow your TLog but you don't have PowerShell Remoting enabled to validate it.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Storage, Backup
        Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: ALTER DATABASE permission
        Limitations: Freespace cannot be validated on the directory where the log file resides in SQL Server 2005.
        This script uses Get-DbaDiskSpace dbatools command to get the TLog's drive free space

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Expand-DbaDbLogFile

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Expand-DbaDbLogFile -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database db1 -TargetLogSize 50000

        Grows the transaction log for database db1 on sqlcluster to 50000 MB and calculates the increment size.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Expand-DbaDbLogFile -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database db1, db2 -TargetLogSize 10000 -IncrementSize 200

        Grows the transaction logs for databases db1 and db2 on sqlcluster to 1000MB and sets the growth increment to 200MB.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Expand-DbaDbLogFile -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database db1 -TargetLogSize 10000 -LogFileId 9

        Grows the transaction log file  with FileId 9 of the db1 database on sqlcluster instance to 10000MB.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Expand-DbaDbLogFile -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database (Get-Content D:\DBs.txt) -TargetLogSize 50000

        Grows the transaction log of the databases specified in the file 'D:\DBs.txt' on sqlcluster instance to 50000MB.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Expand-DbaDbLogFile -SqlInstance SqlInstance -Database db1,db2 -TargetLogSize 100 -IncrementSize 10 -ShrinkLogFile -ShrinkSize 10 -BackupDirectory R:\MSSQL\Backup

        Grows the transaction logs for databases db1 and db2 on SQL server SQLInstance to 100MB, sets the incremental growth to 10MB, shrinks the transaction log to 10MB and uses the directory R:\MSSQL\Backup for the required backups.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = 'Default')]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Position = 3)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [parameter(Position = 4)]
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Position = 5, Mandatory)]
        [Alias('TargetLogSizeMB')]
        [int]$TargetLogSize,
        [parameter(Position = 6)]
        [Alias('IncrementSizeMB')]
        [int]$IncrementSize = -1,
        [parameter(Position = 7)]
        [int]$LogFileId = -1,
        [parameter(Position = 8, ParameterSetName = 'Shrink', Mandatory)]
        [switch]$ShrinkLogFile,
        [parameter(Position = 9, ParameterSetName = 'Shrink', Mandatory)]
        [Alias('ShrinkSizeMB')]
        [int]$ShrinkSize,
        [parameter(Position = 10, ParameterSetName = 'Shrink')]
        [AllowEmptyString()]
        [string]$BackupDirectory,
        [switch]$ExcludeDiskSpaceValidation,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Set ErrorActionPreference to Inquire."
        $ErrorActionPreference = 'Inquire'

        #Convert MB to KB (SMO works in KB)
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Convert variables MB to KB (SMO works in KB)."
        [int]$TargetLogSizeKB = $TargetLogSize * 1024
        [int]$LogIncrementSize = $IncrementSize * 1024
        [int]$ShrinkSizeKB = $ShrinkSize * 1024
        [int]$SuggestLogIncrementSize = 0
        [bool]$LogByFileID = if ($LogFileId -eq -1) {
            $false
        } else {
            $true
        }

        #Set base information
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Initialize the instance '$SqlInstance'."

        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

        if ($ShrinkLogFile -eq $true) {
            if ($BackupDirectory.length -eq 0) {
                $backupdirectory = $server.Settings.BackupDirectory
            }

            $pathexists = Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $backupdirectory

            if ($pathexists -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Backup directory does not exist."
            }
        }
    }

    process {

        try {

            [datetime]$initialTime = Get-Date

            #control the iteration number
            $databaseProgressbar = 0;

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving NetBIOS name."
            $sourcenetbios = Resolve-NetBiosName $server

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Number of databases found: $($databases.Count)."
            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            #go through all databases
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing...foreach database..."
            foreach ($db in $databases.Name) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Working on $db."
                $databaseProgressbar += 1

                #set step to reutilize on logging operations
                [string]$step = "$databaseProgressbar/$($Databases.Count)"

                if ($server.Databases[$db]) {
                    Write-Progress `
                        -Id 1 `
                        -Activity "Using database: $db on Instance: '$SqlInstance'" `
                        -PercentComplete ($databaseProgressbar / $Databases.Count * 100) `
                        -Status "Processing - $databaseProgressbar of $($Databases.Count)"

                    #Validate which file will grow
                    if ($LogByFileID) {
                        $logfile = $server.Databases[$db].LogFiles.ItemById($LogFileId)
                    } else {
                        $logfile = $server.Databases[$db].LogFiles[0]
                    }

                    $numLogfiles = $server.Databases[$db].LogFiles.Count

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Use log file: $logfile."
                    $currentSize = $logfile.Size
                    $currentSizeMB = $currentSize / 1024

                    #Get the number of VLFs
                    $initialVLFCount = Test-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance $server -Database $db

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Log file current size: $([System.Math]::Round($($currentSize/1024.0), 2)) MB "
                    [long]$requiredSpace = ($TargetLogSizeKB - $currentSize)

                    if ($ExcludeDiskSpaceValidation -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Verifying if sufficient space exists ($([System.Math]::Round($($requiredSpace / 1024.0), 2))MB) on the volume to perform this task."

                        [long]$TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB = 0
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Get TLog drive free space"

                        try {
                            [object]$AllDrivesFreeDiskSpace = Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName $sourcenetbios | Select-Object Name, SizeInKB

                            #Verify path using Split-Path on $logfile.FileName in backwards. This way we will catch the LUNs. Example: "K:\Log01" as LUN name. Need to add final backslash if not there
                            $DrivePath = Split-Path $logfile.FileName -parent
                            $DrivePath = if (!($DrivePath.EndsWith("\"))) { "$DrivePath\" }
                            else { $DrivePath }
                            Do {
                                if ($AllDrivesFreeDiskSpace | Where-Object { $DrivePath -eq "$($_.Name)" }) {
                                    $TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB = ($AllDrivesFreeDiskSpace | Where-Object { $DrivePath -eq $_.Name }).SizeInKB
                                    $match = $true
                                    break
                                } else {
                                    $match = $false
                                    $DrivePath = Split-Path $DrivePath -parent
                                    $DrivePath = if (!($DrivePath.EndsWith("\"))) { "$DrivePath\" }
                                    else { $DrivePath }
                                }

                            }
                            while (!$match -or ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($DrivePath)))

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Total TLog Free Disk Space in MB: $([System.Math]::Round($($TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB / 1024.0), 2))"

                        } catch {
                            #Could not validate the disk space. Will ask if we want to continue.
                            $TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB = 0
                        }

                        if (($TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB -le 0) -or ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB))) {
                            $title = "Choose increment value for database '$db':"
                            $message = "Cannot validate freespace on drive where the log file resides. Do you wish to continue? (Y/N)"
                            $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Will continue"
                            $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Will exit"
                            $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                            $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 0)
                            #no
                            if ($result -eq 1) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You have cancelled the execution"
                                return
                            }
                        } elseif ($requiredSpace -gt $TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "There is not enough space on volume to perform this task. `r`n" `
                                "Available space: $([System.Math]::Round($($TotalTLogFreeDiskSpaceKB / 1024.0), 2))MB;`r`n" `
                                "Required space: $([System.Math]::Round($($requiredSpace / 1024.0), 2))MB;"
                            return
                        }
                    }

                    if ($currentSize -ige $TargetLogSizeKB -and ($ShrinkLogFile -eq $false)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - [INFO] The T-Log file '$logfile' size is already equal or greater than target size - No action required."
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - [OK] There is sufficient free space to perform this task."

                        # If SQL Server version is greater or equal to 2012
                        if ($server.Version.Major -ge "11") {
                            switch ($TargetLogSize) {
                                { $_ -le 64 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 64 }
                                { $_ -ge 64 -and $_ -lt 256 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 256 }
                                { $_ -ge 256 -and $_ -lt 1024 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 512 }
                                { $_ -ge 1024 -and $_ -lt 4096 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 1024 }
                                { $_ -ge 4096 -and $_ -lt 8192 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 2048 }
                                { $_ -ge 8192 -and $_ -lt 16384 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 4096 }
                                { $_ -ge 16384 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 8192 }
                            }
                        }
                        # 2008 R2 or under
                        else {
                            switch ($TargetLogSize) {
                                { $_ -le 64 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 64 }
                                { $_ -ge 64 -and $_ -lt 256 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 256 }
                                { $_ -ge 256 -and $_ -lt 1024 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 512 }
                                { $_ -ge 1024 -and $_ -lt 4096 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 1024 }
                                { $_ -ge 4096 -and $_ -lt 8192 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 2048 }
                                { $_ -ge 8192 -and $_ -lt 16384 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 4000 }
                                { $_ -ge 16384 } { $SuggestLogIncrementSize = 8000 }
                            }

                            if (($IncrementSize % 4096) -eq 0) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Your instance version is below SQL 2012, remember the known BUG mentioned on HELP. `r`nUse Get-Help Expand-DbaTLogFileResponsibly to read help`r`nUse a different value for incremental size.`r`n"
                                return
                            }
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Instance $server version: $($server.Version.Major) - Suggested TLog increment size: $($SuggestLogIncrementSize)MB"

                        # Shrink Log File to desired size before re-growth to desired size (You need to remove as many VLF's as possible to ensure proper growth)
                        $ShrinkSize = $ShrinkSizeKB / 1024
                        if ($ShrinkLogFile -eq $true) {
                            if ($server.Databases[$db].RecoveryModel -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RecoveryModel]::Simple) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database '$db' is in Simple RecoveryModel which does not allow log backups. Do not specify -ShrinkLogFile and -ShrinkSize parameters."
                                Continue
                            }

                            try {
                                $sql = "SELECT last_log_backup_lsn FROM sys.database_recovery_status WHERE database_id = DB_ID('$db')"
                                $sqlResult = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql);

                                if ($sqlResult.Tables[0].Rows[0]["last_log_backup_lsn"] -is [System.DBNull]) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "First, you need to make a full backup before you can do Tlog backup on database '$db' (last_log_backup_lsn is null)."
                                    Continue
                                }
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Can't execute SQL on $server. `r`n $($_)" -Continue
                            }

                            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($($server.name), "Backing up TLog for $db")) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "We are about to backup the Tlog for database '$db' to '$backupdirectory' and shrink the log."
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Size = $currentSizeMB."

                                $DefaultCompression = $server.Configuration.DefaultBackupCompression.ConfigValue

                                if ($currentSizeMB -gt $ShrinkSize) {
                                    $backupRetries = 1
                                    Do {
                                        try {
                                            $percent = $null
                                            $backup = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Backup
                                            $backup.Action = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupActionType]::Log
                                            $backup.BackupSetDescription = "Transaction Log backup of " + $db
                                            $backup.BackupSetName = $db + " Backup"
                                            $backup.Database = $db
                                            $backup.MediaDescription = "Disk"
                                            $dt = get-date -format yyyyMMddHHmmssms
                                            $null = $backup.Devices.AddDevice($backupdirectory + "\" + $db + "_db_" + $dt + ".trn", 'File')
                                            if ($DefaultCompression -eq $true) {
                                                $backup.CompressionOption = 1
                                            } else {
                                                $backup.CompressionOption = 0
                                            }
                                            $null = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PercentCompleteEventHandler] {
                                                Write-Progress -id 2 -ParentId 1 -activity "Backing up $db to $server" -percentcomplete $_.Percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", $_.Percent))
                                            }
                                            $backup.add_PercentComplete($percent)
                                            $backup.PercentCompleteNotification = 10
                                            $backup.add_Complete($complete)
                                            Write-Progress -id 2 -ParentId 1 -activity "Backing up $db to $server" -percentcomplete 0 -Status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                                            $backup.SqlBackup($server)
                                            Write-Progress -id 2 -ParentId 1 -activity "Backing up $db to $server" -status "Complete" -Completed
                                            $logfile.Shrink($ShrinkSize, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.ShrinkMethod]::TruncateOnly)
                                            $logfile.Refresh()
                                        } catch {
                                            Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backup" -status "Failed" -completed
                                            Stop-Function -Message "Backup failed for database" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                                            Continue
                                        }

                                    }
                                    while (($logfile.Size / 1024) -gt $ShrinkSize -and ++$backupRetries -lt 6)

                                    $currentSize = $logfile.Size
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "TLog backup and truncate for database '$db' finished. Current TLog size after $backupRetries backups is $($currentSize/1024)MB"
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        # SMO uses values in KB
                        $SuggestLogIncrementSize = $SuggestLogIncrementSize * 1024

                        # If default, use $SuggestedLogIncrementSize
                        if ($IncrementSize -eq -1) {
                            $LogIncrementSize = $SuggestLogIncrementSize
                        } else {
                            $title = "Choose increment value for database '$db':"
                            $message = "The input value for increment size was $([System.Math]::Round($LogIncrementSize/1024, 0))MB. However the suggested value for increment is $($SuggestLogIncrementSize/1024)MB.`r`nDo you want to use the suggested value of $([System.Math]::Round($SuggestLogIncrementSize/1024, 0))MB insted of $([System.Math]::Round($LogIncrementSize/1024, 0))MB"
                            $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Uses recomended size."
                            $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Will use parameter value."
                            $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                            $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 0)
                            #yes
                            if ($result -eq 0) {
                                $LogIncrementSize = $SuggestLogIncrementSize
                            }
                        }

                        #start growing file
                        If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($($server.name), "Starting log growth. Increment chunk size: $($LogIncrementSize/1024)MB for database '$db'")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting log growth. Increment chunk size: $($LogIncrementSize/1024)MB for database '$db'"

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - While current size less than target log size."

                            while ($currentSize -lt $TargetLogSizeKB) {

                                Write-Progress `
                                    -Id 2 `
                                    -ParentId 1 `
                                    -Activity "Growing file $logfile on '$db' database" `
                                    -PercentComplete ($currentSize / $TargetLogSizeKB * 100) `
                                    -Status "Remaining - $([System.Math]::Round($($($TargetLogSizeKB - $currentSize) / 1024.0), 2)) MB"

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Verifying if the log can grow or if it's already at the desired size."
                                if (($TargetLogSizeKB - $currentSize) -lt $LogIncrementSize) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Log size is lower than the increment size. Setting current size equals $TargetLogSizeKB."
                                    $currentSize = $TargetLogSizeKB
                                } else {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Grow the $logfile file in $([System.Math]::Round($($LogIncrementSize / 1024.0), 2)) MB"
                                    $currentSize += $LogIncrementSize
                                }

                                #When -WhatIf Switch, do not run
                                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$step - File will grow to $([System.Math]::Round($($currentSize/1024.0), 2)) MB", "This action will grow the file $logfile on database $db to $([System.Math]::Round($($currentSize/1024.0), 2)) MB .`r`nDo you wish to continue?", "Perform grow")) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Set size $logfile to $([System.Math]::Round($($currentSize/1024.0), 2)) MB"
                                    $logfile.size = $currentSize

                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Applying changes"
                                    $logfile.Alter()
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Changes have been applied"

                                    #Will put the info like VolumeFreeSpace up to date
                                    $logfile.Refresh()
                                }
                            }

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "`r`n$step - [OK] Growth process for logfile '$logfile' on database '$db', has been finished."

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step - Grow $logfile log file on $db database finished."
                        }
                    }
                }
                #else verifying existence
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database '$db' does not exist on instance '$SqlInstance'."
                }

                #Get the number of VLFs
                $currentVLFCount = Test-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance $server -Database $db

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName    = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName    = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance     = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database        = $db
                    ID              = $logfile.ID
                    Name            = $logfile.Name
                    LogFileCount    = $numLogfiles
                    InitialSize     = [dbasize]($currentSizeMB * 1024 * 1024)
                    CurrentSize     = [dbasize]($TargetLogSize * 1024 * 1024)
                    InitialVLFCount = $initialVLFCount.Total
                    CurrentVLFCount = $currentVLFCount.Total
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty LogFileCount
            } #foreach database
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Logfile $logfile on database $db not processed. Error: $($_.Exception.Message). Line Number:  $($_InvocationInfo.ScriptLineNumber)" -Continue
        }
    }

    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Process finished $((Get-Date) - ($initialTime))"
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Expand-SqlTLogResponsibly
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter TargetLogSizeMB
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter IncrementSizeMB
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter ShrinkSizeMB
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Expand-DbaTLogResponsibly
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports SQL Server Availability Groups to a T-SQL file.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports SQL Server Availability Groups creation scripts to a T-SQL file. This is a function that is not available in SSMS.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. SQL Server 2012 and above supported.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        The directory name where the output files will be written. A sub directory with the format 'ServerName$InstanceName' will be created. A T-SQL scripts named 'AGName.sql' will be created under this subdirectory for each scripted Availability Group.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        The Availability Group(s) to export - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeAvailabilityGroup
        The Availability Group(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER NoClobber
        Do not overwrite existing export files.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows you what it'd output if you were to run the command

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Confirms each step/line of output

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Hadr, HA, AG, AvailabilityGroup
        Author: Chris Sommer (@cjsommer), cjsommer.com

        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2012

        Exports all Availability Groups from SQL server "sql2012". Output scripts are written to the Documents\SqlAgExports directory by default.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2012 -Path C:\temp\availability_group_exports

        Exports all Availability Groups from SQL server "sql2012". Output scripts are written to the C:\temp\availability_group_exports directory.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2012 -Path 'C:\dir with spaces\availability_group_exports' -AvailabilityGroup AG1,AG2

        Exports Availability Groups AG1 and AG2 from SQL server "sql2012". Output scripts are written to the C:\dir with spaces\availability_group_exports directory.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2014 -Path C:\temp\availability_group_exports -NoClobber

        Exports all Availability Groups from SQL server "sql2014". Output scripts are written to the C:\temp\availability_group_exports directory. If the export file already exists it will not be overwritten.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [object[]]$ExcludeAvailabilityGroup,
        [Alias("OutputLocation", "FilePath")]
        [string]$Path = "$([Environment]::GetFolderPath("MyDocuments"))\SqlAgExport",
        [switch]$NoClobber,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.IsHadrEnabled -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Hadr is not enabled on this instance" -Continue
            } else {
                # Get all of the Availability Groups and filter if required
                $ags = $server.AvailabilityGroups
            }

            if (Test-Bound 'AvailabilityGroup') {
                $ags = $ags | Where-Object Name -In $AvailabilityGroup
            }
            if (Test-Bound 'ExcludeAvailabilityGroup') {
                $ags = $ags | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeAvailabilityGroup
            }

            if ($ags) {

                # Set and create the OutputLocation if it doesn't exist
                $sqlinst = $instance.ToString().Replace('\', '$')
                $outputLocation = "$Path\$sqlinst"

                if (!(Test-Path $outputLocation -PathType Container)) {
                    $null = New-Item -Path $outputLocation -ItemType Directory -Force
                }

                # Script each Availability Group
                foreach ($ag in $ags) {
                    $agName = $ag.Name

                    # Set the outfile name
                    if ($AppendDateToOutputFilename.IsPresent) {
                        $formatteddate = (Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd_hhmm')
                        $outFile = "$outputLocation\${AGname}_${formatteddate}.sql"
                    } else {
                        $outFile = "$outputLocation\$agName.sql"
                    }

                    # Check NoClobber and script out the AG
                    if ($NoClobber.IsPresent -and (Test-Path -Path $outFile -PathType Leaf)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "OutputFile $outFile already exists. Skipping due to -NoClobber parameter"
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Scripting Availability Group [$agName] on $instance to $outFile"

                        # Create comment block header for AG script
                        "/*" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Force
                        " * Created by dbatools 'Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup' cmdlet on '$(Get-Date)'" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append
                        " * See https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaAvailabilityGroup for more help" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append

                        # Output AG and listener names
                        " *" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append
                        " * Availability Group Name: $($ag.name)" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append
                        $ag.AvailabilityGroupListeners | ForEach-Object { " * Listener Name: $($_.name)" } | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append

                        # Output all replicas
                        " *" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append
                        $ag.AvailabilityReplicas | ForEach-Object { " * Replica: $($_.name)" } | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append

                        # Output all databases
                        " *" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append
                        $ag.AvailabilityDatabases | ForEach-Object { " * Database: $($_.name)" } | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append

                        # $ag | Select-Object -Property * | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append

                        "*/" | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append

                        # Script the AG
                        try {
                            $ag.Script() | Out-File -FilePath $outFile -Encoding ASCII -Append
                            Get-ChildItem $outFile
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -ErrorRecord $_ -Message "Error scripting out the availability groups. This is likely due to a bug in SMO." -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No Availability Groups detected on $instance"
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Export-DbaCmsRegServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports registered servers and registered server groups to file

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports registered servers and registered server groups to file

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER CredentialPersistenceType
        Used to specify how the login and passwords are persisted. Valid values include None, PersistLoginName and PersistLoginNameAndPassword.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the exported file. If no path is specified, one will be created.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaCmsRegServer, Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup, CSVs and other objects.

        If importing from CSV or other object, a column named ServerName is required. Optional columns include Name, Description and Group.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: RegisteredServer, CMS
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaCmsRegServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2008

        Exports all Registered Server and Registered Server Groups on sql2008 to an automatically generated file name in the current directory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2008, sql2012 | Export-DbaCmsRegServer

        Exports all registered servers on sql2008 and sql2012. Warning - each one will have its own individual file. Consider piping groups.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sql2008, sql2012 | Export-DbaCmsRegServer

        Exports all registered servers on sql2008 and sql2012, organized by group.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "", Justification = "For Parameter CredentialPersistenceType")]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [string]$Path,
        [ValidateSet("None", "PersistLoginName", "PersistLoginNameAndPassword")]
        [string]$CredentialPersistenceType = "None",
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Path)) {
            if ($Path -notmatch '\\') {
                $Path = ".\$Path"
            }

            $directory = Split-Path $Path
            if (-not (Test-Path $directory)) {
                New-Item -Path $directory -ItemType Directory
            }
        } else {
            $timeNow = (Get-Date -uformat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Id 1
        }

        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
            try {
                if ($object -is [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServersStore]) {
                    $object = Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $object.ServerConnection.SqlConnectionObject -Id 1
                }

                if ($object -is [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServer]) {
                    if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Path -Not)) {
                        $servername = $object.SqlInstance.Replace('\', '$')
                        $regservername = $object.Name.Replace('\', '$')
                        $Path = "$serverName-regserver-$regservername-$timeNow.xml"
                    }
                    $object.Export($Path, $CredentialPersistenceType)
                } elseif ($object -is [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup]) {
                    if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Path -Not)) {
                        $servername = $object.SqlInstance.Replace('\', '$')
                        $regservergroup = $object.Name.Replace('\', '$')
                        $Path = "$serverName-reggroup-$regservergroup-$timeNow.xml"
                    }
                    $object.Export($Path, $CredentialPersistenceType)
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not a registered server or server group" -Continue
                }
                Get-ChildItem $Path -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }

    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Export-DbaRegisteredServer
    }
}
function Export-DbaCredential {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports credentials INCLUDING PASSWORDS, unless specified otherwise, to sql file.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports credentials INCLUDING PASSWORDS, unless specified otherwise, to sql file.

        Requires remote Windows access if exporting the password.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Login to the target OS using alternative credentials. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the exported sql file.

    .PARAMETER Identity
        The credentials to export. If unspecified, all credentials will be exported.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allow credentials to be piped in from Get-DbaCredential

    .PARAMETER ExcludePassword
        Exports the SQL credential without any sensitive information.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allow credentials to be piped in from Get-DbaCredential

    .PARAMETER Append
        Append to Path

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Credential
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaCredential -SqlInstance sql2017 -Path C:\temp\cred.sql

        Exports credentials, including passwords, from sql2017 to the file C:\temp\cred.sql

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [string[]]$Identity,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$Path,
        [switch]$ExcludePassword,
        [switch]$Append,
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Credential[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
                $InputObject += $server.Credentials
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Identity) {
                $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object Identity -in $Identity
            }

            if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $instance. Quitting." -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting NetBios name for $instance."
            $sourceNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $server

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking if Remote Registry is enabled on $instance."
            try {
                Invoke-Command2 -Raw -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -ScriptBlock { Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\" } -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to registry on $instance." -Target $sourceNetBios -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Path)) {
                $timenow = (Get-Date -uformat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")
                $mydocs = [Environment]::GetFolderPath('MyDocuments')
                $path = "$mydocs\$($server.name.replace('\', '$'))-$timenow-credential.sql"
            }

            $sql = @()

            if ($ExcludePassword) {
                Stop-Function -Message "So sorry, there's no other way around it for now. The password has to be exported in plain text."
                return
            } else {
                try {
                    $creds = Get-DecryptedObject -SqlInstance $server -Type Credential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                }
                foreach ($currentCred in $creds) {
                    $name = $currentCred.Name.Replace("'", "''")
                    $identity = $currentCred.Identity.Replace("'", "''")
                    $password = $currentCred.Password.Replace("'", "''")
                    $sql += "CREATE CREDENTIAL $name WITH IDENTITY = N'$identity', SECRET = N'$password'"
                }
            }

            try {
                if ($Append) {
                    Add-Content -Path $path -Value $sql
                } else {
                    Set-Content -Path $path -Value $sql
                }
                Get-ChildItem -Path $path
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't write to $path" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }


            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to migrate $credentialName"
            Get-ChildItem -Path $path
        }
    }
}
function Export-DbaDacPackage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports a dacpac from a server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Using SQLPackage, export a dacpac from an instance of SQL Server.

        Note - Extract from SQL Server is notoriously flaky - for example if you have three part references to external databases it will not work.

        For help with the extract action parameters and properties, refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh550080(v=vs.103).aspx

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative logins instead Integrated, accepts Credential object created by Get-Credential

    .PARAMETER Path
        The directory where the .dacpac files will be exported to. Defaults to documents.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER AllUserDatabases
        Run command against all user databases

    .PARAMETER Type
        Selecting the type of the export: Dacpac (default) or Bacpac.

    .PARAMETER Table
        List of the tables to include into the export. Should be provided as an array of strings: dbo.Table1, Table2, Schema1.Table3.

    .PARAMETER DacOption
        Export options for a corresponding export type. Can be created by New-DbaDacOption -Type Dacpac | Bacpac

    .PARAMETER ExtendedParameters
        Optional parameters used to extract the DACPAC. More information can be found at
        https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh550080.aspx

    .PARAMETER ExtendedProperties
        Optional properties used to extract the DACPAC. More information can be found at
        https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh550080.aspx

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Database, Dacpac
        Author: Richie lee (@richiebzzzt)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaDacPackage

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database SharePoint_Config

        Exports the dacpac for SharePoint_Config on sql2016 to $home\Documents\SharePoint_Config.dacpac

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $options = New-DbaDacOption -Type Dacpac -Action Export
        PS C:\> $options.ExtractAllTableData = $true
        PS C:\> $options.CommandTimeout = 0
        PS C:\> Export-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database DB1 -Options $options

        Uses DacOption object to set the CommandTimeout to 0 then extracts the dacpac for DB1 on sql2016 to $home\Documents\DB1.dacpac including all table data.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance sql2016 -AllUserDatabases -ExcludeDatabase "DBMaintenance","DBMonitoring" C:\temp

        Exports dacpac packages for all USER databases, excluding "DBMaintenance" & "DBMonitoring", on sql2016 and saves them to C:\temp

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $moreparams = "/OverwriteFiles:$true /Quiet:$true"
        PS C:\> Export-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database SharePoint_Config -Path C:\temp -ExtendedParameters $moreparams

        Using extended parameters to over-write the files and performs the extraction in quiet mode. Uses command line instead of SMO behind the scenes.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'SMO')]
    param
    (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllUserDatabases,
        [string]$Path = "$home\Documents",
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'SMO')]
        [Alias('ExtractOptions', 'ExportOptions', 'DacExtractOptions', 'DacExportOptions', 'Options', 'Option')]
        [object]$DacOption,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'CMD')]
        [string]$ExtendedParameters,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'CMD')]
        [string]$ExtendedProperties,
        [ValidateSet('Dacpac', 'Bacpac')]
        [string]$Type = 'Dacpac',
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'SMO')]
        [string[]]$Table,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName ExcludeDatabase) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName AllUserDatabases)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify databases to execute against using either -Database, -ExcludeDatabase or -AllUserDatabases"
            return
        }

        if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose "Assuming that $Path is a file path"
            $parentFolder = Split-Path $path -Parent
            if (-not (Test-Path $parentFolder)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$parentFolder doesn't exist or access denied"
                return
            }
            $leaf = Split-Path $path -Leaf
            $fileName = Join-Path (Get-Item $parentFolder) $leaf
        } else {
            $fileItem = Get-Item $Path
            if ($fileItem -is [System.IO.DirectoryInfo]) {
                $parentFolder = $fileItem.FullName
            } elseif ($fileItem -is [System.IO.FileInfo]) {
                $fileName = $fileItem.FullName
            }
        }

        if (-not $script:core) {
            $dacfxPath = Resolve-Path -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.dll"

            if ((Test-Path $dacfxPath) -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message 'Dac Fx library not found.' -EnableException $EnableException
                return
            } else {
                try {
                    Add-Type -Path $dacfxPath
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dac Fx loaded."
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message 'No usable version of Dac Fx found.' -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
            }
        }

        #check that at least one of the DB selection parameters was specified
        if (!$AllUserDatabases -and !$Database) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Either -Database or -AllUserDatabases should be specified" -Continue
        }
        #Check Option object types - should have a specific type
        if ($Type -eq 'Dacpac') {
            if ($DacOption -and $DacOption -isnot [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacExtractOptions]) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacExtractOptions object type is expected - got $($DacOption.GetType())."
                return
            }
        } elseif ($Type -eq 'Bacpac') {
            if ($DacOption -and $DacOption -isnot [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacExportOptions]) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacExportOptions object type is expected - got $($DacOption.GetType())."
                return
            }
        }

        #Create a tuple to be used as a table filter
        if ($Table) {
            $tblList = New-Object 'System.Collections.Generic.List[Tuple[String, String]]'
            foreach ($tableItem in $Table) {
                $tableSplit = $tableItem.Split('.')
                if ($tableSplit.Count -gt 1) {
                    $tblName = $tableSplit[-1]
                    $schemaName = $tableSplit[-2]
                } else {
                    $tblName = [string]$tableSplit
                    $schemaName = 'dbo'
                }
                $tblList.Add((New-Object "tuple[String, String]" -ArgumentList $schemaName, $tblName))
            }
        } else {
            $tblList = $null
        }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $cleaninstance = $instance.ToString().Replace('\', '-')

            $dbs = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -OnlyAccessible -ExcludeSystem -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
            if (-not $dbs) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Databases not found on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                $resultstime = [diagnostics.stopwatch]::StartNew()
                $dbname = $db.name
                $connstring = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                if ($connstring -notmatch 'Database=') {
                    $connstring = "$connstring;Database=$dbname"
                }
                if ($fileName) {
                    $currentFileName = $fileName
                } else {
                    if ($Type -eq 'Dacpac') { $ext = 'dacpac' }
                    elseif ($Type -eq 'Bacpac') { $ext = 'bacpac' }
                    $currentFileName = Join-Path $parentFolder "$cleaninstance-$dbname.$ext"
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using connection string $connstring"

                #using SMO by default
                if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'SMO') {
                    try {
                        $dacSvc = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacServices -ArgumentList $connstring -ErrorAction Stop
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to the connection string $connstring" -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                    if (!$DacOption) {
                        $opts = New-DbaDacOption -Type $Type -Action Export
                    } else {
                        $opts = $DacOption
                    }

                    $null = $output = Register-ObjectEvent -InputObject $dacSvc -EventName "Message" -SourceIdentifier "msg" -Action { $EventArgs.Message.Message }

                    if ($Type -eq 'Dacpac') {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Initiating Dacpac extract to $currentFileName"
                        #not sure how to extract that info from the existing DAC application, leaving 1.0.0.0 for now
                        $version = New-Object System.Version -ArgumentList '1.0.0.0'
                        try {
                            $dacSvc.Extract($currentFileName, $dbname, $dbname, $version, $null, $tblList, $opts, $null)
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "DacServices extraction failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        } finally {
                            Unregister-Event -SourceIdentifier "msg"
                        }
                    } elseif ($Type -eq 'Bacpac') {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Initiating Bacpac export to $currentFileName"
                        try {
                            $dacSvc.ExportBacpac($currentFileName, $dbname, $opts, $tblList, $null)
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "DacServices export failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        } finally {
                            Unregister-Event -SourceIdentifier "msg"
                        }
                    }
                    $finalResult = ($output.output -join "`r`n" | Out-String).Trim()
                } elseif ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'CMD') {
                    if ($Type -eq 'Dacpac') { $action = 'Extract' }
                    elseif ($Type -eq 'Bacpac') { $action = 'Export' }
                    $cmdConnString = $connstring.Replace('"', "'")

                    $sqlPackageArgs = "/action:$action /tf:""$currentFileName"" /SourceConnectionString:""$cmdConnString"" $ExtendedParameters $ExtendedProperties"

                    try {
                        $startprocess = New-Object System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo
                        $startprocess.FileName = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\sqlpackage.exe"
                        $startprocess.Arguments = $sqlPackageArgs
                        $startprocess.RedirectStandardError = $true
                        $startprocess.RedirectStandardOutput = $true
                        $startprocess.UseShellExecute = $false
                        $startprocess.CreateNoWindow = $true
                        $process = New-Object System.Diagnostics.Process
                        $process.StartInfo = $startprocess
                        $process.Start() | Out-Null
                        $stdout = $process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd()
                        $stderr = $process.StandardError.ReadToEnd()
                        $process.WaitForExit()
                        Write-Message -level Verbose -Message "StandardOutput: $stdout"
                        $finalResult = $stdout
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "SQLPackage Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }

                    if ($process.ExitCode -ne 0) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Standard output - $stderr" -Continue
                    }
                }
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database     = $dbname
                    Path         = $currentFileName
                    Elapsed      = [prettytimespan]($resultstime.Elapsed)
                    Result       = $finalResult
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ComputerName, InstanceName
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Export-DbaDacpac
    }
}
function Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery can convert output generated by Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery to CSV or Excel

    .DESCRIPTION
        The default output format of Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery is a custom object. It can also output to CSV and Excel.
        However, CSV output can generate a lot of files and Excel output depends on the ImportExcel module by Doug Finke (https://github.com/dfinke/ImportExcel)
        Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery can be used to convert from the default export type to the other available export types.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Specifies the objects to convert

    .PARAMETER ConvertTo
        Specifies the output type. Valid choices are Excel and CSV. CSV is the default.

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the path to the output files.

    .PARAMETER Suffix
        Suffix for the filename. It's datetime by default.

    .PARAMETER NoPlanExport
        Use this switch to suppress exporting of .sqlplan files

    .PARAMETER NoQueryExport
        Use this switch to suppress exporting of .sql files

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Query
        Author: Andre Kamman (@AndreKamman), http://clouddba.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -SqlInstance sql2016 | Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery -Path c:\temp

        Converts output from Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery to multiple CSV files

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $output = Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -SqlInstance sql2016
        PS C:\> Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery -InputObject $output -ConvertTo Excel

        Converts output from Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery to Excel worksheet(s) in the Documents folder

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [ValidateSet("Excel", "Csv")]
        [string]$ConvertTo = "Csv",
        [System.IO.FileInfo]$Path = [Environment]::GetFolderPath("mydocuments"),
        [string]$Suffix = "$(Get-Date -format 'yyyyMMddHHmmssms')",
        [switch]$NoPlanExport,
        [switch]$NoQueryExport,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($ConvertTo -eq "Excel") {
            try {
                Import-Module ImportExcel -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                $message = "Failed to load module, exporting to Excel feature is not available
                            Install the module from: https://github.com/dfinke/ImportExcel
                            Valid alternative conversion format is csv"
                Stop-Function -Message $message
                return
            }
        }

        if (!$(Test-Path $Path)) {
            try {
                New-Item $Path -ItemType Directory -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Created directory $Path"
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create directory $Path" -Continue
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($row in $InputObject) {
            $result = $row.Result
            $name = $row.Name
            $SqlInstance = $row.SqlInstance.Replace("\", "$")
            $dbname = $row.Database
            $number = $row.Number

            if ($null -eq $result) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Result was empty for $name" -Target $result -Continue
            }

            $queryname = Remove-InvalidFileNameChars -Name $Name
            $excelfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-DQ-$Suffix.xlsx"
            $exceldbfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-DQ-$dbname-$Suffix.xlsx"
            $csvdbfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-$dbname-DQ-$number-$queryname-$Suffix.csv"
            $csvfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-DQ-$number-$queryname-$Suffix.csv"

            $columnnameoptions = "Query Plan", "QueryPlan", "Query_Plan", "query_plan_xml"
            if (($result | Get-Member | Where-Object Name -in $columnnameoptions).Count -gt 0) {
                $plannr = 0
                $columnname = ($result | Get-Member | Where-Object Name -In $columnnameoptions).Name
                foreach ($plan in $result."$columnname") {
                    $plannr += 1
                    if ($row.DatabaseSpecific) {
                        $planfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-$dbname-DQ-$number-$queryname-$plannr-$Suffix.sqlplan"
                    } else {
                        $planfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-DQ-$number-$queryname-$plannr-$Suffix.sqlplan"
                    }

                    if (!$NoPlanExport) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $planfilename"
                        if ($plan) {$plan | Out-File -FilePath $planfilename}
                    }
                }

                $result = $result | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty "$columnname"
            }

            $columnnameoptions = "Complete Query Text", "QueryText", "Query Text", "Query_Text", "query_sql_text"
            if (($result | Get-Member | Where-Object Name -In $columnnameoptions ).Count -gt 0) {
                $sqlnr = 0
                $columnname = ($result | Get-Member | Where-Object Name -In $columnnameoptions).Name
                foreach ($sql in $result."$columnname") {
                    $sqlnr += 1
                    if ($row.DatabaseSpecific) {
                        $sqlfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-$dbname-DQ-$number-$queryname-$sqlnr-$Suffix.sql"
                    } else {
                        $sqlfilename = "$Path\$SqlInstance-DQ-$number-$queryname-$sqlnr-$Suffix.sql"
                    }

                    if (!$NoQueryExport) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $sqlfilename"
                        if ($sql) {$sql | Out-File -FilePath $sqlfilename}
                    }
                }

                $result = $result | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty "$columnname"
            }

            switch ($ConvertTo) {
                "Excel" {
                    if ($row.DatabaseSpecific) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $exceldbfilename"
                        $result | Export-Excel -Path $exceldbfilename -WorkSheetname $Name -AutoSize -AutoFilter -BoldTopRow -FreezeTopRow
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $excelfilename"
                        $result | Export-Excel -Path $excelfilename -WorkSheetname $Name -AutoSize -AutoFilter -BoldTopRow -FreezeTopRow
                    }
                }
                "csv" {
                    if ($row.DatabaseSpecific) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $csvdbfilename"
                        $result | Export-Csv -Path $csvdbfilename -NoTypeInformation -Append
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting $csvfilename"
                        $result | Export-Csv -Path $csvfilename -NoTypeInformation -Append
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Export-DbaExecutionPlan {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports execution plans to disk.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports execution plans to disk. Can pipe from Get-DbaExecutionPlan

        Thanks to
        https://www.simple-talk.com/sql/t-sql-programming/dmvs-for-query-plan-metadata/
        and
        http://www.scarydba.com/2017/02/13/export-plans-cache-sqlplan-file/
        for the idea and query.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER SinceCreation
        Datetime object used to narrow the results to a date

    .PARAMETER SinceLastExecution
        Datetime object used to narrow the results to a date

    .PARAMETER Path
        The directory where all of the sqlxml files will be exported

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER PipedObject
        Internal parameter

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance, ExecutionPlan
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaExecutionPlan

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Path C:\Temp

        Exports all execution plans for sqlserver2014a. Files saved in to C:\Temp

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2 -SinceLastExecution '2016-07-01 10:47:00' -Path C:\Temp

        Exports all execution plans for databases db1 and db2 on sqlserver2014a since July 1, 2016 at 10:47 AM. Files saved in to C:\Temp

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Export-DbaExecutionPlan -Path C:\Temp

        Gets all execution plans for sqlserver2014a. Using Pipeline exports them all to C:\Temp

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Export-DbaExecutionPlan -Path C:\Temp -WhatIf

        Gets all execution plans for sqlserver2014a. Then shows what would happen if the results where piped to Export-DbaExecutionPlan

    #>
    [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NotPiped', Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NotPiped')]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Piped', Mandatory)]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NotPiped', Mandatory)]
        [string]$Path,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NotPiped')]
        [datetime]$SinceCreation,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NotPiped')]
        [datetime]$SinceLastExecution,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Piped', Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$PipedObject,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        function Export-Plan {
            param(
                [object]$object
            )
            $instanceName = $object.SqlInstance
            $dbName = $object.DatabaseName
            $queryPosition = $object.QueryPosition
            $sqlHandle = "0x"; $object.SqlHandle | ForEach-Object { $sqlHandle += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
            $sqlHandle = $sqlHandle.TrimStart('0x02000000').TrimEnd('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000')
            $shortName = "$instanceName-$dbName-$queryPosition-$sqlHandle"

            foreach ($queryPlan in $object.BatchQueryPlanRaw) {
                $fileName = "$path\$shortName-batch.sqlplan"

                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("localhost", "Writing XML file to $fileName")) {
                        $queryPlan.Save($fileName)
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Skipped query plan for $fileName because it is null." -Target $fileName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            foreach ($statementPlan in $object.SingleStatementPlanRaw) {
                $fileName = "$path\$shortName.sqlplan"

                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("localhost", "Writing XML file to $fileName")) {
                        $statementPlan.Save($fileName)
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Skipped statement plan for $fileName because it is null." -Target $fileName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing output object")) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty -Name OutputFile -Value $fileName
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, DatabaseName, SqlHandle, CreationTime, LastExecutionTime, OutputFile
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (!(Test-Path $Path)) {
            $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $Path
        }

        if ($PipedObject) {
            foreach ($object in $pipedobject) {
                Export-Plan $object
                return
            }
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $select = "SELECT DB_NAME(deqp.dbid) as DatabaseName, OBJECT_NAME(deqp.objectid) as ObjectName,
                    detqp.query_plan AS SingleStatementPlan,
                    deqp.query_plan AS BatchQueryPlan,
                    ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY Statement_Start_offset ) AS QueryPosition,
                    sql_handle as SqlHandle,
                    plan_handle as PlanHandle,
                    creation_time as CreationTime,
                    last_execution_time as LastExecutionTime"

            $from = " FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats deqs
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_text_query_plan(deqs.plan_handle,
                            deqs.statement_start_offset,
                            deqs.statement_end_offset) AS detqp
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(deqs.plan_handle) AS deqp
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(deqs.plan_handle) AS execText"

            if ($ExcludeDatabase -or $Database -or $SinceCreation -or $SinceLastExecution -or $ExcludeEmptyQueryPlan -eq $true) {
                $where = " WHERE "
            }

            $whereArray = @()

            if ($Database -gt 0) {
                $dbList = $Database -join "','"
                $whereArray += " DB_NAME(deqp.dbid) in ('$dbList') "
            }

            if (Test-Bound 'SinceCreation') {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding creation time"
                $whereArray += " creation_time >= '" + $SinceCreation.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") + "' "
            }

            if (Test-Bound 'SinceLastExecution') {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding last execution time"
                $whereArray += " last_execution_time >= '" + $SinceLastExecution.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") + "' "
            }

            if (Test-Bound 'ExcludeDatabase') {
                $dbList = $ExcludeDatabase -join "','"
                $whereArray += " DB_NAME(deqp.dbid) not in ('$dbList') "
            }

            if (Test-Bound 'ExcludeEmptyQueryPlan') {
                $whereArray += " detqp.query_plan is not null"
            }

            if ($where.Length -gt 0) {
                $whereArray = $whereArray -join " and "
                $where = "$where $whereArray"
            }

            $sql = "$select $from $where"
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
            try {
                $dataTable = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting execution plans" -Target $instance -ErroRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            foreach ($row in ($dataTable.Rows)) {
                $sqlHandle = "0x"; $row.sqlhandle | ForEach-Object { $sqlHandle += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
                $planhandle = "0x"; $row.planhandle | ForEach-Object { $planhandle += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }

                $object = [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName           = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName           = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance            = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    DatabaseName           = $row.DatabaseName
                    SqlHandle              = $sqlHandle
                    PlanHandle             = $planhandle
                    SingleStatementPlan    = $row.SingleStatementPlan
                    BatchQueryPlan         = $row.BatchQueryPlan
                    QueryPosition          = $row.QueryPosition
                    CreationTime           = $row.CreationTime
                    LastExecutionTime      = $row.LastExecutionTime
                    BatchQueryPlanRaw      = [xml]$row.BatchQueryPlan
                    SingleStatementPlanRaw = [xml]$row.SingleStatementPlan
                }
                Export-Plan $object
            }
        }
    }
}
function Export-DbaInstance {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports SQL Server *ALL* database restore scripts, logins, database mail profiles/accounts, credentials, SQL Agent objects, linked servers,
        Central Management Server objects, server configuration settings (sp_configure), user objects in systems databases,
        system triggers and backup devices from one SQL Server to another.

        For more granular control, please use one of the -Exclude parameters and use the other functions available within the dbatools module.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Export-DbaInstance consolidates most of the export scripts in dbatools into one command.

        This is useful when you're looking to Export entire instances. It less flexible than using the underlying functions.
        Think of it as an easy button. Unless an -Exclude is specified, it exports:

        All database restore scripts.
        All logins.
        All database mail objects.
        All credentials.
        All objects within the Job Server (SQL Agent).
        All linked servers.
        All groups and servers within Central Management Server.
        All SQL Server configuration objects (everything in sp_configure).
        All user objects in system databases.
        All system triggers.
        All system backup devices.
        All Audits.
        All Endpoints.
        All Extended Events.
        All Policy Management objects.
        All Resource Governor objects.
        All Server Audit Specifications.
        All Custom Errors (User Defined Messages).
        All Server Roles.
        All Availability Groups.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Alternative Windows credentials for exporting Linked Servers and Credentials. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the export file

    .PARAMETER SharedPath
        Specifies the network location for the backup files. The SQL Server service accounts on both Source and Destination must have read/write permission to access this location.

    .PARAMETER WithReplace
        If this switch is used, databases are restored from backup using WITH REPLACE. This is useful if you want to stage some complex file paths.

    .PARAMETER NoRecovery
        If this switch is used, databases will be left in the No Recovery state to enable further backups to be added.

    .PARAMETER IncludeDbMasterKey
        Exports the db master key then logs into the server to copy it to the $Path

    .PARAMETER Exclude
        Exclude one or more objects to export

        Databases
        Logins
        AgentServer
        Credentials
        LinkedServers
        SpConfigure
        CentralManagementServer
        DatabaseMail
        SysDbUserObjects
        SystemTriggers
        BackupDevices
        Audits
        Endpoints
        ExtendedEvents
        PolicyManagement
        ResourceGovernor
        ServerAuditSpecifications
        CustomErrors
        ServerRoles
        AvailabilityGroups
        ReplicationSettings

    .PARAMETER BatchSeparator
        Batch separator for scripting output. "GO" by default.

    .PARAMETER ScriptingOption
        Add scripting options to scripting output for all objects except Registered Servers and Extended Events.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Export
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaInstance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sqlserver\instance

        All databases, logins, job objects and sp_configure options will be exported from
        sqlserver\instance to an automatically generated folder name in Documents.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Exclude Databases, Logins -Path C:\dr\sqlcluster

        Exports everything but logins and database restore scripts to C:\dr\sqlcluster

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$Path,
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [switch]$IncludeDbMasterKey,
        [ValidateSet('Databases', 'Logins', 'AgentServer', 'Credentials', 'LinkedServers', 'SpConfigure', 'CentralManagementServer', 'DatabaseMail', 'SysDbUserObjects', 'SystemTriggers', 'BackupDevices', 'Audits', 'Endpoints', 'ExtendedEvents', 'PolicyManagement', 'ResourceGovernor', 'ServerAuditSpecifications', 'CustomErrors', 'ServerRoles', 'AvailabilityGroups', 'ReplicationSettings')]
        [string[]]$Exclude,
        [string]$BatchSeparator = 'GO',
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions]$ScriptingOption,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Path)) {
            if (-not ((Get-Item $Path -ErrorAction Ignore) -is [System.IO.DirectoryInfo])) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Path must be a directory"
            }
        }

        if (-not $ScriptingOption) {
            $ScriptingOption = New-DbaScriptingOption
        }

        $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
        $started = Get-Date

        $ScriptingOptions = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions
        $ScriptingOptions.ScriptBatchTerminator = $true

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $stepCounter = $filecounter = 0
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Path)) {
                $timenow = (Get-Date -uformat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")
                $mydocs = [Environment]::GetFolderPath('MyDocuments')
                $path = "$mydocs\$($server.name.replace('\', '$'))-$timenow"
            }

            if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) {
                try {
                    $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $Path -ErrorAction Stop
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'SpConfigure') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting SQL Server Configuration"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting SQL Server Configuration"
                Export-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $server -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-sp_configure.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-sp_configure.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'CustomErrors') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting custom errors (user defined messages)"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting custom errors (user defined messages)"
                $null = Get-DbaCustomError -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-customererrors.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-customererrors.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-customererrors.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'ServerRoles') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting server roles"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting server roles"
                $null = Get-DbaServerRole -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-serverroles.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-serverroles.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-serverroles.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'Credentials') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting SQL credentials"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting SQL credentials"
                $null = Export-DbaCredential -SqlInstance $server -Credential $Credential -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-credentials.sql" -Append
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-credentials.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-credentials.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'DatabaseMail') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting database mail"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting database mail"
                $null = Get-DbaDbMailConfig -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-dbmail.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Get-DbaDbMailAccount -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-dbmail.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Get-DbaDbMailProfile -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-dbmail.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Get-DbaDbMailServer -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-dbmail.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Get-DbaDbMail -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-dbmail.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-dbmail.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-dbmail.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'CentralManagementServer') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting Central Management Server"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting Central Management Server"
                $null = Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-regserver.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator 'GO'
                $null = Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-regserver.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator 'GO'
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-regserver.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-regserver.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'BackupDevices') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting Backup Devices"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting Backup Devices"
                $null = Get-DbaBackupDevice -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-backupdevices.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-backupdevices.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-backupdevices.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'LinkedServers') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting linked servers"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting linked servers"
                Export-DbaLinkedServer -SqlInstance $server -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-linkedservers.sql" -Credential $Credential -Append
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-linkedservers.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'SystemTriggers') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting System Triggers"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting System Triggers"
                $null = Get-DbaServerTrigger -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-servertriggers.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $triggers = Get-Content -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-servertriggers.sql" -Raw -ErrorAction Ignore
                if ($triggers) {
                    $triggers = $triggers.ToString() -replace 'CREATE TRIGGER', "GO`r`nCREATE TRIGGER"
                    $triggers = $triggers.ToString() -replace 'ENABLE TRIGGER', "GO`r`nENABLE TRIGGER"
                    $null = $triggers | Set-Content -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-servertriggers.sql" -Force
                    Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-servertriggers.sql"
                }
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-servertriggers.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'Databases') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting database restores"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting database restores"
                Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Last | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -NoRecovery:$NoRecovery -WithReplace -OutputScriptOnly -WarningAction SilentlyContinue | Out-File -FilePath "$Path\$fileCounter-databases.sql" -Append
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-databases.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-databases.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'Logins') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting logins"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting logins"
                Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $server -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-logins.sql" -Append -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-logins.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'Audits') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting Audits"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting Audits"
                $null = Get-DbaServerAudit -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-audits.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-audits.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-audits.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'ServerAuditSpecifications') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting Server Audit Specifications"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting Server Audit Specifications"
                $null = Get-DbaServerAuditSpecification -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-auditspecs.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-auditspecs.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-auditspecs.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'Endpoints') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting Endpoints"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting Endpoints"
                $null = Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-endpoints.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-endpoints.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-endpoints.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'PolicyManagement') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting Policy Management"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting Policy Management"
                $null = Get-DbaPbmCondition -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-policymanagement.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator
                $null = Get-DbaPbmObjectSet -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-policymanagement.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator
                $null = Get-DbaPbmPolicy -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-policymanagement.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-policymanagement.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-policymanagement.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'ResourceGovernor') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting Resource Governor"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting Resource Governor"
                $null = Get-DbaResourceGovernor -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-resourcegov.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Get-DbaRgClassifierFunction -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-resourcegov.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Get-DbaRgResourcePool -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object Name -notin 'default', 'internal' | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-resourcegov.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Get-DbaRgWorkloadGroup -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object Name -notin 'default', 'internal' | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-resourcegov.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Add-Content -Value "ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE" -Path "$Path\$stepCounter-resourcegov.sql"
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-resourcegov.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-resourcegov.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'ExtendedEvents') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting Extended Events"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting Extended Events"
                $null = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-extendedevents.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator 'GO'
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-extendedevents.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-extendedevents.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'AgentServer') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting job server"

                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting job server"
                $null = Get-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-sqlagent.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Get-DbaAgentOperator -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-sqlagent.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Get-DbaAgentAlert -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-sqlagent.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Get-DbaAgentProxy -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript  -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-sqlagent.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Get-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-sqlagent.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                $null = Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $server | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-sqlagent.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator -ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-sqlagent.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-sqlagent.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'ReplicationSettings') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting replication settings"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting replication settings"
                $null = Export-DbaRepServerSetting -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-replication.sql"
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-replication.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-replication.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'SysDbUserObjects') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting user objects in system databases (this can take a minute)."
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting user objects in system databases (this can take a minute)."
                $null = Get-DbaSysDbUserObjectScript -SqlInstance $server | Out-File -FilePath "$Path\$fileCounter-userobjectsinsysdbs.sql" -Append
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-userobjectsinsysdbs.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-userobjectsinsysdbs.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains 'AvailabilityGroups') {
                $fileCounter++
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting availability group"
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Exporting availability groups"
                $null = Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $server -WarningAction SilentlyContinue | Export-DbaScript -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-DbaAvailabilityGroups.sql" -Append -BatchSeparator $BatchSeparator #-ScriptingOptionsObject $ScriptingOption
                Get-ChildItem -ErrorAction Ignore -Path "$Path\$fileCounter-DbaAvailabilityGroups.sql"
                if (-not (Test-Path "$Path\$fileCounter-DbaAvailabilityGroups.sql")) {
                    $fileCounter--
                }
            }

            Write-Progress -Activity "Performing Instance Export for $instance" -Completed
        }
    }
    end {
        $totaltime = ($elapsed.Elapsed.toString().Split(".")[0])
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server export complete."
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Export started: $started"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Export completed: $(Get-Date)"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Total Elapsed time: $totaltime"
    }
}
function Export-DbaLinkedServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports linked servers INCLUDING PASSWORDS, unless specified otherwise, to sql file.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports linked servers INCLUDING PASSWORDS, unless specified otherwise, to sql file.

        Requires remote Windows access if exporting the password.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2005 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative linked servers. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Login to the target OS using alternative linked servers. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the exported sql file.

    .PARAMETER LinkedServer
        The linked server(s) to export. If unspecified, all linked servers will be processed.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allow credentials to be piped in from Get-DbaLinkedServer

    .PARAMETER ExcludePassword
        Exports the linked server without any sensitive information.

    .PARAMETER Append
        Append to Path

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: LinkedServer
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaLinkedServer -SqlInstance sql2017 -Path C:\temp\ls.sql

        Exports the linked servers, including passwords, from sql2017 to the file C:\temp\ls.sql

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaLinkedServer -SqlInstance sql2017 -Path C:\temp\ls.sql -ExcludePassword

        Exports the linked servers, without passwords, from sql2017 to the file C:\temp\ls.sql

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [string[]]$LinkedServer,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$Path,
        [switch]$ExcludePassword,
        [switch]$Append,
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LinkedServer[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
                $InputObject += $server.LinkedServers
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($LinkedServer) {
                $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object Name -in $LinkedServer
            }

            if (-not $InputObject) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Nothing to export"
                continue
            }

            if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $instance. Quitting." -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting NetBios name for $instance."
            $sourceNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $server

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking if Remote Registry is enabled on $instance."
            try {
                Invoke-Command2 -Raw -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -ScriptBlock { Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\" } -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to registry on $instance." -Target $sourceNetBios -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Path)) {
                $timenow = (Get-Date -uformat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")
                $mydocs = [Environment]::GetFolderPath('MyDocuments')
                $path = "$mydocs\$($server.name.replace('\', '$'))-$timenow-linkedserver.sql"
            }

            $sql = @()

            if ($ExcludePassword) {
                $sql += $InputObject.Script()
            } else {
                try {
                    $decrypted = Get-DecryptedObject -SqlInstance $server -Type LinkedServer
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                }

                foreach ($ls in $InputObject) {
                    $currentls = $decrypted | Where-Object Name -eq $ls.Name

                    if ($currentls.Password) {
                        $password = $currentls.Password.Replace("'", "''")

                        $tempsql = $ls.Script()
                        $tempsql = $tempsql.Replace(' /* For security reasons the linked server remote logins password is changed with ######## */', '')
                        $tempsql = $tempsql.Replace("rmtpassword='########'", "rmtpassword='$password'")
                        $sql += $tempsql
                    } else {
                        $sql += $ls.Script()
                    }
                }
            }

            try {
                if ($Append) {
                    Add-Content -Path $path -Value $sql
                } else {
                    Set-Content -Path $path -Value $sql
                }
                Get-ChildItem -Path $path
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't write to $path" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Export-DbaLogin {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports Windows and SQL Logins to a T-SQL file. Export includes login, SID, password, default database, default language, server permissions, server roles, db permissions, db roles.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports Windows and SQL Logins to a T-SQL file. Export includes login, SID, password, default database, default language, server permissions, server roles, db permissions, db roles.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. SQL Server 2000 and above supported.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Login
        The login(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeLogin
        The login(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The file to write to.

    .PARAMETER NoClobber
        If this switch is enabled, a file already existing at the path specified by Path will not be overwritten.

    .PARAMETER Append
        If this switch is enabled, content will be appended to a file already existing at the path specified by Path. If the file does not exist, it will be created.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJobs
        If this switch is enabled, Agent job ownership will not be exported.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabases
        If this switch is enabled, mappings for databases will not be exported.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeGoBatchSeparator
        If specified, will NOT script the 'GO' batch separator.

    .PARAMETER DestinationVersion
        To say to which version the script should be generated. If not specified will use instance major version.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Export, Login
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaLogin

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2005 -Path C:\temp\sql2005-logins.sql

        Exports the logins for SQL Server "sql2005" and writes them to the file "C:\temp\sql2005-logins.sql"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -ExcludeLogin realcajun -SqlCredential $scred -Path C:\temp\logins.sql -Append

        Authenticates to sqlserver2014a using SQL Authentication. Exports all logins except for realcajun to C:\temp\logins.sql, and appends to the file if it exists. If not, the file will be created.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Login realcajun, netnerds -Path C:\temp\logins.sql

        Exports ONLY logins netnerds and realcajun FROM sqlserver2014a to the file  C:\temp\logins.sql

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Login realcajun, netnerds -Database HR, Accounting

        Exports ONLY logins netnerds and realcajun FROM sqlserver2014a with the permissions on databases HR and Accounting

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver2008 -Login realcajun, netnerds -Path C:\temp\login.sql -ExcludeGoBatchSeparator

        Exports ONLY logins netnerds and realcajun FROM sqlserver2008 server, to the C:\temp\login.sql file without the 'GO' batch separator.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver2008 -Login realcajun -Path C:\temp\users.sql -DestinationVersion SQLServer2016

        Exports login realcajun from sqlserver2008 to the file C:\temp\users.sql with syntax to run on SQL Server 2016

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Login,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLogin,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [Alias("OutFile", "FilePath", "FileName")]
        [string]$Path,
        [Alias("NoOverwrite")]
        [switch]$NoClobber,
        [switch]$Append,
        [switch]$ExcludeDatabases,
        [switch]$ExcludeJobs,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [switch]$ExcludeGoBatchSeparator,
        [ValidateSet('SQLServer2000', 'SQLServer2005', 'SQLServer2008/2008R2', 'SQLServer2012', 'SQLServer2014', 'SQLServer2016', 'SQLServer2017')]
        [string]$DestinationVersion
    )

    begin {

        if ($Path) {
            if ($Path -notlike "*\*") {
                $Path = ".\$Path"
            }
            $directory = Split-Path $Path
            $exists = Test-Path $directory

            if ($exists -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Parent directory $directory does not exist"
            }
        }

        $outsql = @()

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential

        if ($ExcludeDatabases -eq $false -or $Database) {
            # if we got a database or a list of databases passed
            # and we need to enumerate mappings, login.enumdatabasemappings() takes forever
            # the cool thing though is that database.enumloginmappings() is fast. A lot.
            # if we get a list of databases passed (or even the default list of all the databases)
            # we save outself a call to enumloginmappings if there is no map at all
            $DbMapping = @()
            $DbsToMap = $server.Databases
            if ($Database) {
                $DbsToMap = $DbsToMap | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            }
            foreach ($db in $DbsToMap) {
                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    continue
                }
                $dbmap = $db.EnumLoginMappings()
                foreach ($el in $dbmap) {
                    $DbMapping += [pscustomobject]@{
                        Database  = $db.Name
                        UserName  = $el.Username
                        LoginName = $el.LoginName
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        foreach ($sourceLogin in $server.Logins) {
            $userName = $sourceLogin.name

            if ($Login -and $Login -notcontains $userName -or $ExcludeLogin -contains $userName) {
                continue
            }

            if ($userName.StartsWith("##") -or $userName -eq 'sa') {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Skipping $userName"
                continue
            }

            $serverName = $server

            $userBase = ($userName.Split("\")[0]).ToLower()
            if ($serverName -eq $userBase -or $userName.StartsWith("NT ")) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Stating $userName is skipped because it is a local machine name")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$userName is skipped because it is a local machine name"
                    continue
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Outfile", "Adding T-SQL for login $userName")) {
                if ($Path) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting $userName"
                }

                $outsql += "`r`nUSE master`n"
                # Getting some attributes
                $defaultDb = $sourceLogin.DefaultDatabase
                $language = $sourceLogin.Language

                if ($sourceLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced -eq $false) {
                    $checkPolicy = "OFF"
                } else {
                    $checkPolicy = "ON"
                }

                if (!$sourceLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled) {
                    $checkExpiration = "OFF"
                } else {
                    $checkExpiration = "ON"
                }

                # Attempt to script out SQL Login
                if ($sourceLogin.LoginType -eq "SqlLogin") {
                    $sourceLoginName = $sourceLogin.name

                    switch ($server.versionMajor) {
                        0 {
                            $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) AS hashedpass FROM master.dbo.syslogins WHERE loginname='$sourceLoginName'"
                        }
                        8 {
                            $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) AS hashedpass FROM dbo.syslogins WHERE name='$sourceLoginName'"
                        }
                        9 {
                            $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password_hash) as hashedpass FROM sys.sql_logins WHERE name='$sourceLoginName'"
                        }
                        default {
                            $sql = "SELECT CAST(CONVERT(varchar(256), CAST(LOGINPROPERTY(name,'PasswordHash') AS VARBINARY(256)), 1) AS NVARCHAR(max)) AS hashedpass FROM sys.server_principals WHERE principal_id = $($sourceLogin.id)"
                        }
                    }

                    try {
                        $hashedPass = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
                    } catch {
                        $hashedPassDt = $server.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql)
                        $hashedPass = $hashedPassDt.Tables[0].Rows[0].Item(0)
                    }

                    if ($hashedPass.GetType().Name -ne "String") {
                        $passString = "0x"; $hashedPass | ForEach-Object {
                            $passString += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0")
                        }
                        $hashedPass = $passString
                    }

                    $sid = "0x"; $sourceLogin.sid | ForEach-Object {
                        $sid += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0")
                    }
                    $outsql += "IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT loginname FROM master.dbo.syslogins WHERE name = '$userName') CREATE LOGIN [$userName] WITH PASSWORD = $hashedPass HASHED, SID = $sid, DEFAULT_DATABASE = [$defaultDb], CHECK_POLICY = $checkPolicy, CHECK_EXPIRATION = $checkExpiration, DEFAULT_LANGUAGE = [$language]"
                }
                # Attempt to script out Windows User
                elseif ($sourceLogin.LoginType -eq "WindowsUser" -or $sourceLogin.LoginType -eq "WindowsGroup") {
                    $outsql += "IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT loginname FROM master.dbo.syslogins WHERE name = '$userName') CREATE LOGIN [$userName] FROM WINDOWS WITH DEFAULT_DATABASE = [$defaultDb], DEFAULT_LANGUAGE = [$language]"
                }
                # This script does not currently support certificate mapped or asymmetric key users.
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$($sourceLogin.LoginType) logins not supported. $($sourceLogin.Name) skipped"
                    continue
                }

                if ($sourceLogin.IsDisabled) {
                    $outsql += "ALTER LOGIN [$userName] DISABLE"
                }

                if ($sourceLogin.DenyWindowsLogin) {
                    $outsql += "DENY CONNECT SQL TO [$userName]"
                }
            }

            # Server Roles: sysadmin, bulklogin, etc
            foreach ($role in $server.Roles) {
                $roleName = $role.Name

                # SMO changed over time
                try {
                    $roleMembers = $role.EnumMemberNames()
                } catch {
                    $roleMembers = $role.EnumServerRoleMembers()
                }

                if ($roleMembers -contains $userName) {
                    if (($server.VersionMajor -lt 11 -and [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($destinationVersion)) -or ($DestinationVersion -in "SQLServer2000", "SQLServer2005", "SQLServer2008/2008R2")) {
                        $outsql += "EXEC sys.sp_addsrvrolemember @rolename=N'$roleName', @loginame=N'$userName'"
                    } else {
                        $outsql += "ALTER SERVER ROLE [$roleName] ADD MEMBER [$userName]"
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($ExcludeJobs -eq $false) {
                $ownedJobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.OwnerLoginName -eq $userName }

                foreach ($ownedJob in $ownedJobs) {
                    $outsql += "`n`rUSE msdb`n"
                    $outsql += "EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_update_job @job_name=N'$ownedJob', @owner_login_name=N'$userName'"
                }
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 9) {
                # These operations are only supported by SQL Server 2005 and above.
                # Securables: Connect SQL, View any database, Administer Bulk Operations, etc.

                $perms = $server.EnumServerPermissions($userName)
                $outsql += "`n`rUSE master`n"
                foreach ($perm in $perms) {
                    $permState = $perm.permissionstate
                    $permType = $perm.PermissionType
                    $grantor = $perm.grantor

                    if ($permState -eq "GrantWithGrant") {
                        $grantWithGrant = "WITH GRANT OPTION"
                        $permState = "GRANT"
                    } else {
                        $grantWithGrant = $null
                    }

                    $outsql += "$permState $permType TO [$userName] $grantWithGrant AS [$grantor]"
                }

                # Credential mapping. Credential removal not currently supported for Syncs.
                $loginCredentials = $server.Credentials | Where-Object { $_.Identity -eq $sourceLogin.Name }
                foreach ($credential in $loginCredentials) {
                    $credentialName = $credential.Name
                    $outsql += "PRINT '$userName is associated with the $credentialName credential'"
                }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabases -eq $false) {
                $dbs = $sourceLogin.EnumDatabaseMappings()

                if ($Database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $_.DBName -in $Database }
                }

                # Adding database mappings and securables
                foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                    $dbName = $db.dbname
                    $sourceDb = $server.Databases[$dbName]
                    $dbUserName = $db.username

                    $outsql += "`r`nUSE [$dbName]`n"
                    try {
                        $sql = $server.Databases[$dbName].Users[$dbUserName].Script()
                        $outsql += $sql
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "User cannot be found in selected database"
                    }

                    # Skipping updating dbowner

                    # Database Roles: db_owner, db_datareader, etc
                    foreach ($role in $sourceDb.Roles) {
                        if ($role.EnumMembers() -contains $dbUserName) {
                            $roleName = $role.Name
                            if (($server.VersionMajor -lt 11 -and [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($destinationVersion)) -or ($DestinationVersion -in "SQLServer2000", "SQLServer2005", "SQLServer2008/2008R2")) {
                                $outsql += "EXEC sys.sp_addrolemember @rolename=N'$roleName', @membername=N'$dbUserName'"
                            } else {
                                $outsql += "ALTER ROLE [$roleName] ADD MEMBER [$dbUserName]"
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    # Connect, Alter Any Assembly, etc
                    $perms = $sourceDb.EnumDatabasePermissions($dbUserName)
                    foreach ($perm in $perms) {
                        $permState = $perm.PermissionState
                        $permType = $perm.PermissionType
                        $grantor = $perm.Grantor

                        if ($permState -eq "GrantWithGrant") {
                            $grantWithGrant = "WITH GRANT OPTION"
                            $permState = "GRANT"
                        } else {
                            $grantWithGrant = $null
                        }

                        $outsql += "$permState $permType TO [$userName] $grantWithGrant AS [$grantor]"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        $sql = $sql | Where-Object { $_ -notlike "CREATE USER [dbo] FOR LOGIN * WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA=[dbo]" }

        if ($ExcludeGoBatchSeparator) {
            $sql = $outsql
        } else {
            $sql = $outsql -join "`r`nGO`r`n"
            #add the final GO
            $sql += "`r`nGO"
        }

        if ($Path) {
            $sql | Out-File -Encoding UTF8 -FilePath $Path -Append:$Append -NoClobber:$NoClobber
            Get-ChildItem $Path
        } else {
            $sql
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Export-SqlLogin
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Export-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports a new Data Collector Set XML Template.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports a Data Collector Set XML Template from Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet. Exports to "$home\Documents\Performance Monitor Templates" by default.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials. To use:

        $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER CollectorSet
        The name of the collector set(s) to export.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to export the file. Can be .xml or directory.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate via the pipeline.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance, DataCollector
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -ComputerName sql2017 -Path C:\temp\pf

        Exports all data collector sets from to the C:\temp\pf folder.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet ComputerName sql2017 -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Export-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -Path C:\temp

        Exports the 'System Correlation' data collector set from sql2017 to C:\temp.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [string]$Path = "$home\Documents\Performance Monitor Templates",
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($InputObject.Credential -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential -Not)) {
            $Credential = $InputObject.Credential
        }

        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet
            }
        }

        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
            if (-not $object.DataCollectorSetObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet."
                return
            }

            $csname = Remove-InvalidFileNameChars -Name $object.Name

            if ($path.EndsWith(".xml")) {
                $filename = $path
            } else {
                $filename = "$path\$csname.xml"
                if (-not (Test-Path -Path $path)) {
                    $null = New-Item -Type Directory -Path $path
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Wrote $csname to $filename."
            Set-Content -Path $filename -Value $object.Xml -Encoding Unicode
            Get-ChildItem -Path $filename
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Export-DbaRepServerSetting {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports replication server settings to file.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports replication server settings to file.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the path to a file which will contain the output.

    .PARAMETER Passthru
        Output script to console

    .PARAMETER NoClobber
        Do not overwrite file

    .PARAMETER Encoding
        Specifies the file encoding. The default is UTF8.

        Valid values are:
        -- ASCII: Uses the encoding for the ASCII (7-bit) character set.
        -- BigEndianUnicode: Encodes in UTF-16 format using the big-endian byte order.
        -- Byte: Encodes a set of characters into a sequence of bytes.
        -- String: Uses the encoding type for a string.
        -- Unicode: Encodes in UTF-16 format using the little-endian byte order.
        -- UTF7: Encodes in UTF-7 format.
        -- UTF8: Encodes in UTF-8 format.
        -- Unknown: The encoding type is unknown or invalid. The data can be treated as binary.

    .PARAMETER Append
        Append to file

    .PARAMETER ScriptOption
        Not real sure how to use this yet

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaRepServer

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Replication
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaRepServerSetting -SqlInstance sql2017 -Path C:\temp\replication.sql

        Exports the replication settings on sql2017 to the file C:\temp\replication.sql

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRepServer -SqlInstance sql2017 | Export-DbaRepServerSettings -Path C:\temp\replication.sql

        Exports the replication settings on sql2017 to the file C:\temp\replication.sql

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Path,
        [object[]]$ScriptOption,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Replication.ReplicationServer[]]$InputObject,
        [ValidateSet('ASCII', 'BigEndianUnicode', 'Byte', 'String', 'Unicode', 'UTF7', 'UTF8', 'Unknown')]
        [string]$Encoding = 'UTF8',
        [switch]$Passthru,
        [switch]$NoClobber,
        [switch]$Append,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaRepServer -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
        }

        foreach ($repserver in $InputObject) {
            $server = $repserver.SqlServerName
            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Path)) {
                $timenow = (Get-Date -uformat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")
                $mydocs = [Environment]::GetFolderPath('MyDocuments')
                $path = "$mydocs\$($server.replace('\', '$'))-$timenow-replication.sql"
            }
            try {
                if (-not $ScriptOption) {
                    $out = $repserver.Script([Microsoft.SqlServer.Replication.ScriptOptions]::Creation `
                            -bor [Microsoft.SqlServer.Replication.ScriptOptions]::IncludeAll `
                            -bor [Microsoft.SqlServer.Replication.ScriptOptions]::EnableReplicationDB `
                            -bor [Microsoft.SqlServer.Replication.ScriptOptions]::IncludeInstallDistributor
                    )
                } else {
                    $out = $repserver.Script($scriptOption)
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -ErrorRecord $_ -Message "Replication export failed. Is it setup?" -Continue
            }
            if ($Passthru) {
                "exec sp_dropdistributor @no_checks = 1, @ignore_distributor = 1" | Out-String
                $out | Out-String
            }

            if ($Path) {

                "exec sp_dropdistributor @no_checks = 1, @ignore_distributor = 1" | Out-File -FilePath $path -Encoding $encoding -Append
                $out | Out-File -FilePath $path -Encoding $encoding -Append
            }
        }
    }
}
function Export-DbaScript {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports scripts from SQL Management Objects (SMO)

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports scripts from SQL Management Objects

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A SQL Management Object such as the one returned from Get-DbaLogin

    .PARAMETER Path
        The output filename and location. If no path is specified, one will be created. If the file already exists, the output will be appended.

    .PARAMETER Encoding
        Specifies the file encoding. The default is UTF8.

        Valid values are:
        -- ASCII: Uses the encoding for the ASCII (7-bit) character set.
        -- BigEndianUnicode: Encodes in UTF-16 format using the big-endian byte order.
        -- Byte: Encodes a set of characters into a sequence of bytes.
        -- String: Uses the encoding type for a string.
        -- Unicode: Encodes in UTF-16 format using the little-endian byte order.
        -- UTF7: Encodes in UTF-7 format.
        -- UTF8: Encodes in UTF-8 format.
        -- Unknown: The encoding type is unknown or invalid. The data can be treated as binary.

    .PARAMETER Passthru
        Output script to console

    .PARAMETER ScriptingOptionsObject
        An SMO Scripting Object that can be used to customize the output - see New-DbaScriptingOption

    .PARAMETER BatchSeparator
        Specifies the Batch Separator to use. Default is None

    .PARAMETER NoPrefix
        Do not include a Prefix

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed

    .PARAMETER NoClobber
        Do not overwrite file

    .PARAMETER Append
        Append to file

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Backup, Export
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaScript

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 | Export-DbaScript

        Exports all jobs on the SQL Server sql2016 instance using a trusted connection - automatically determines filename as .\sql2016-Job-Export-date.sql

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 | Export-DbaScript -Path C:\temp\export.sql -Append

        Exports all jobs on the SQL Server sql2016 instance using a trusted connection - Will append the output to the file C:\temp\export.sql if it already exists
        Script does not include Batch Separator and will not compile

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database MyDatabase -Table 'dbo.Table1', 'dbo.Table2' -SqlCredential sqladmin | Export-DbaScript -Path C:\temp\export.sql

        Exports only script for 'dbo.Table1' and 'dbo.Table2' in MyDatabase to C:temp\export.sql and uses the SQL login "sqladmin" to login to sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 -Job syspolicy_purge_history, 'Hourly Log Backups' -SqlCredential sqladmin | Export-DbaScript -Path C:\temp\export.sql -NoPrefix

        Exports only syspolicy_purge_history and 'Hourly Log Backups' to C:temp\export.sql and uses the SQL login "sqladmin" to login to sql2016
        Suppress the output of a Prefix

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $options = New-DbaScriptingOption
        PS C:\> $options.ScriptSchema = $true
        PS C:\> $options.IncludeDatabaseContext  = $true
        PS C:\> $options.IncludeHeaders = $false
        PS C:\> $Options.NoCommandTerminator = $false
        PS C:\> $Options.ScriptBatchTerminator = $true
        PS C:\> $Options.AnsiFile = $true
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 -Job syspolicy_purge_history, 'Hourly Log Backups' -SqlCredential sqladmin | Export-DbaScript -Path C:\temp\export.sql -ScriptingOptionsObject $options

        Exports only syspolicy_purge_history and 'Hourly Log Backups' to C:temp\export.sql and uses the SQL login "sqladmin" to login to sql2016
        Appends a batch separator at end of each script.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2014 | Export-DbaScript -Passthru | ForEach-Object { $_.Replace('sql2014','sql2016') } | Set-Content -Path C:\temp\export.sql

        Exports jobs and replaces all instances of the servername "sql2014" with "sql2016" then writes to C:\temp\export.sql

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $options = New-DbaScriptingOption
        PS C:\> $options.ScriptSchema = $true
        PS C:\> $options.IncludeDatabaseContext  = $true
        PS C:\> $options.IncludeHeaders = $false
        PS C:\> $Options.NoCommandTerminator = $false
        PS C:\> $Options.ScriptBatchTerminator = $true
        PS C:\> $Options.AnsiFile = $true
        PS C:\> $Databases = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -ExcludeDatabase master, model, msdb, tempdb
        PS C:\> foreach ($db in $Databases) {
        >>        Export-DbaScript -InputObject $db -Path C:\temp\export.sql -Append -Encoding UTF8 -ScriptingOptionsObject $options -NoPrefix
        >> }

        Exports Script for each database on sql2016 excluding system databases
        Uses Scripting options to ensure Batch Terminator is set
        Will append the output to the file C:\temp\export.sql if it already exists

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias("ScriptingOptionObject")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions]$ScriptingOptionsObject,
        [string]$Path,
        [ValidateSet('ASCII', 'BigEndianUnicode', 'Byte', 'String', 'Unicode', 'UTF7', 'UTF8', 'Unknown')]
        [string]$Encoding = 'UTF8',
        [string]$BatchSeparator = '',
        [switch]$NoPrefix,
        [switch]$Passthru,
        [switch]$NoClobber,
        [switch]$Append,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $executingUser = [Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent().Name
        $commandName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name
        $timeNow = (Get-Date -uformat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")
        $prefixArray = @()
    }

    process {
        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {

            $typename = $object.GetType().ToString()

            if ($typename.StartsWith('Microsoft.SqlServer.')) {
                $shortype = $typename.Split(".")[-1]
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is of type $typename which is not a SQL Management Object. Only SMO objects are supported." -Category InvalidData -Target $object -Continue
            }

            if ($shortype -in "LinkedServer", "Credential", "Login") {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Support for $shortype is limited at this time. No passwords, hashed or otherwise, will be exported if they exist."
            }

            # Just gotta add the stuff that Nic Cain added to his script

            if ($shortype -eq "Configuration") {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Support for $shortype is limited at this time."
            }

            # Find the server object to pass on to the function
            $parent = $object.parent

            do {
                if ($parent.Urn.Type -ne "Server") {
                    $parent = $parent.Parent
                }
            }
            until (($parent.Urn.Type -eq "Server") -or (-not $parent))

            if (-not $parent -and -not (Get-Member -InputObject $object -Name ScriptCreate) ) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to find valid SMO server object in input: $object." -Category InvalidData -Target $object -Continue
            }

            try {
                $server = $parent
                if (-not $server) {
                    $server = $object.Parent
                }
                $serverName = $server.Name.Replace('\', '$')

                if ($ScriptingOptionsObject) {
                    $scripter = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Scripter $server
                    $scripter.Options = $ScriptingOptionsObject
                }

                if (!$passthru) {
                    if ($path) {
                        $actualPath = $path
                    } else {
                        $actualPath = "$serverName-$shortype-Export-$timeNow.sql"
                    }
                }

                if ($NoPrefix) {
                    $prefix = ""
                } else {
                    $prefix = "/*`n`tCreated by $executingUser using dbatools $commandName for objects on $serverName at $(Get-Date)`n`tSee https://dbatools.io/$commandName for more information`n*/"
                }

                if ($passthru) {
                    $prefix | Out-String
                } else {
                    if ($prefixArray -notcontains $actualPath) {

                        if ((Test-Path -Path $actualPath) -and $NoClobber) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "File already exists. If you want to overwrite it remove the -NoClobber parameter. If you want to append data, please Use -Append parameter." -Target $actualPath -Continue
                        }
                        #Only at the first output we use the passed variables Append & NoClobber. For this execution the next ones need to buse -Append
                        $prefix | Out-File -FilePath $actualPath -Encoding $encoding -Append:$Append -NoClobber:$NoClobber
                        $prefixArray += $actualPath
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Exporting $object from $server to $actualPath")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting $object"

                    if ($passthru) {
                        if ($ScriptingOptionsObject) {
                            foreach ($script in $scripter.EnumScript($object)) {
                                if ($BatchSeparator -ne "") {
                                    $script = "$script`r`n$BatchSeparator`r`n"
                                }
                                $script | Out-String
                            }
                        } else {
                            if (Get-Member -Name ScriptCreate -InputObject $object) {
                                $script = $object.ScriptCreate().GetScript()
                            } else {
                                $script = $object.Script()
                            }

                            if ($BatchSeparator -ne "") {
                                $script = "$script`r`n$BatchSeparator`r`n"
                            }
                            $script  | Out-String
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($ScriptingOptionsObject) {
                            if ($ScriptingOptionsObject.ScriptBatchTerminator) {
                                $ScriptingOptionsObject.AppendToFile = $true
                                $ScriptingOptionsObject.ToFileOnly = $true
                                $ScriptingOptionsObject.FileName = $actualPath
                                $object.Script($ScriptingOptionsObject)
                            } else {
                                foreach ($script in $scripter.EnumScript($object)) {
                                    if ($BatchSeparator -ne "") {
                                        $script = "$script`r`n$BatchSeparator`r`n"
                                    }
                                    $script | Out-File -FilePath $actualPath -Encoding $encoding -Append
                                }
                            }

                        } else {
                            if (Get-Member -Name ScriptCreate -InputObject $object) {
                                $script = $object.ScriptCreate().GetScript()
                            } else {
                                $script = $object.Script()
                            }
                            if ($BatchSeparator -ne "") {
                                $script = "$script`r`n$BatchSeparator`r`n"
                            }
                            $script | Out-File -FilePath $actualPath -Encoding $encoding -Append
                        }
                    }

                    if (-not $passthru) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exported $object on $($server.Name) to $actualPath"
                        Get-ChildItem -Path $actualPath
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                $message = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException.Message
                if (-not $message) {
                    $message = $_.Exception
                }
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure on $($server.Name) | $message" -Target $server
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Export-DbaSpConfigure {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports advanced sp_configure global configuration options to sql file.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports advanced sp_configure global configuration options to sql file.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input.
        You must have sysadmin access if needs to set 'show advanced options' to 1 and server version must be SQL Server version 2005 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the path to a file which will contain the sp_configure queries necessary to replicate the configuration settings on another instance. This file is suitable for input into Import-DbaSPConfigure.
        If not specified will output to My Documents folder with default name of ServerName-MMDDYYYYhhmmss-sp_configure.sql
        If a directory is passed then uses default name of ServerName-MMDDYYYYhhmmss-sp_configure.sql

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SpConfig, Configure, Configuration
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaSpConfigure

    .INPUTS
        A DbaInstanceParameter representing an array of SQL Server instances.

    .OUTPUTS
        Creates a new file for each SQL Server Instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance sourceserver

        Exports the SPConfigure settings on sourceserver. As no Path was defined outputs to My Documents folder with default name format of Servername-MMDDYYYYhhmmss-sp_configure.sql

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance sourceserver -Path C:\temp

        Exports the SPConfigure settings on sourceserver to the directory C:\temp using the default name format

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Export-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance sourceserver -SqlCredential $cred -Path C:\temp\sp_configure.sql

        Exports the SPConfigure settings on sourceserver to the file C:\temp\sp_configure.sql. Uses SQL Authentication to connect. Will require SysAdmin rights if needs to set 'show advanced options'

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Server1', 'Server2' | Export-DbaSpConfigure -Path C:\temp\configure.sql

        Exports the SPConfigure settings for Server1 and Server2 using pipeline. As more than 1 Server adds prefix of Servername and date to the file name and saves to file like  C:\temp\Servername-MMDDYYYYhhmmss-configure.sql

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Path,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Path)) {
                $timenow = (Get-Date -uformat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")
                $mydocs = [Environment]::GetFolderPath('MyDocuments')
                $filepath = "$mydocs\$($server.name.replace('\', '$'))-$timenow-sp_configure.sql"
            }

            if (Test-Path $Path -PathType Container) {
                $timenow = (Get-Date -uformat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")
                $filepath = Join-Path -Path $Path -ChildPath "$($server.name.replace('\', '$'))-$timenow-sp_configure.sql"
            } elseif (Test-Path $Path -PathType Leaf) {
                if ($SqlInstance.Count -gt 1) {
                    $timenow = (Get-Date -uformat "%m%d%Y%H%M%S")
                    $PathData = Get-ChildItem $Path
                    $filepath = "$($PathData.DirectoryName)\$($server.name.replace('\', '$'))-$timenow-$($PathData.Name)"
                } else {
                    $filepath = $Path
                }
            }

            If (-not $filepath) {
                $filepath = $Path
            }

            $topdir = Split-Path -Path $filepath

            if (-not (Test-Path -Path $topdir)) {
                New-Item -Path $topdir -ItemType Directory
            }

            $ShowAdvancedOptions = $server.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue

            if ($ShowAdvancedOptions -eq 0) {
                try {
                    $server.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $true
                    $server.Configuration.Alter($true)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't set 'show advanced options' to 1 on instance $instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            try {
                Set-Content -Path $filepath "EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options' , 1;  RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE"
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't write to $filepath" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            foreach ($sourceprop in $server.Configuration.Properties) {
                $displayname = $sourceprop.DisplayName
                $configvalue = $sourceprop.ConfigValue
                Add-Content -Path $filepath "EXEC sp_configure '$displayname' , $configvalue;"
            }

            if ($ShowAdvancedOptions -eq 0) {
                Add-Content -Path $filepath "EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options' , 0;"
                Add-Content -Path $filepath "RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE"

                $server.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $false
                $server.Configuration.Alter($true)
            }
            Get-ChildItem -Path $filepath
        }
    }

    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server configuration export finished"

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Export-SqlSpConfigure
    }
}
function Export-DbaUser {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports users creation and its permissions to a T-SQL file or host.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports users creation and its permissions to a T-SQL file or host. Export includes user, create and add to role(s), database level permissions, object level permissions.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. SQL Server 2000 and above supported.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials

        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter

        Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER User
        Export only the specified database user(s). If not specified will export all users from the database(s)

    .PARAMETER DestinationVersion
        To say to which version the script should be generated. If not specified will use database compatibility level

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the full path of a file to write the script to.

    .PARAMETER NoClobber
        Do not overwrite file

    .PARAMETER Append
        Append to file

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER ScriptingOptionsObject
        A Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions object with the options that you want to use to generate the t-sql script.
        You can use the NEw-DbaScriptingOption to generate it.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeGoBatchSeparator
        If specified, will NOT script the 'GO' batch separator.

    .NOTES
        Tags: User, Export
        Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaUser

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sql2005 -Path C:\temp\sql2005-users.sql

        Exports SQL for the users in server "sql2005" and writes them to the file "C:\temp\sql2005-users.sql"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a $scred -Path C:\temp\users.sql -Append

        Authenticates to sqlserver2014a using SQL Authentication. Exports all users to C:\temp\users.sql, and appends to the file if it exists. If not, the file will be created.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -User User1, User2 -Path C:\temp\users.sql

        Exports ONLY users User1 and User2 from sqlserver2014a to the file  C:\temp\users.sql

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2008 -User User1 -Path C:\temp\users.sql -DestinationVersion SQLServer2016

        Exports user User1 from sqlserver2008 to the file C:\temp\users.sql with syntax to run on SQL Server 2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2008 -Database db1,db2 -Path C:\temp\users.sql

        Exports ONLY users from db1 and db2 database on sqlserver2008 server, to the C:\temp\users.sql file.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $options = New-DbaScriptingOption
        PS C:\> $options.ScriptDrops = $false
        PS C:\> $options.WithDependencies = $true
        PS C:\> Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2008 -Database db1,db2 -Path C:\temp\users.sql -ScriptingOptionsObject $options

        Exports ONLY users from db1 and db2 database on sqlserver2008 server, to the C:\temp\users.sql file.
        It will not script drops but will script dependencies.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2008 -Database db1,db2 -Path C:\temp\users.sql -ExcludeGoBatchSeparator

        Exports ONLY users from db1 and db2 database on sqlserver2008 server, to the C:\temp\users.sql file without the 'GO' batch separator.


    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    [OutputType([String])]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [object[]]$User,
        [ValidateSet('SQLServer2000', 'SQLServer2005', 'SQLServer2008/2008R2', 'SQLServer2012', 'SQLServer2014', 'SQLServer2016', 'SQLServer2017')]
        [string]$DestinationVersion,
        [Alias("OutFile", "FilePath", "FileName")]
        [string]$Path,
        [Alias("NoOverwrite")]
        [switch]$NoClobber,
        [switch]$Append,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions]$ScriptingOptionsObject = $null,
        [switch]$ExcludeGoBatchSeparator
    )

    begin {
        if ($Path) {
            if ($Path -notlike "*\*") { $Path = ".\$Path" }
            $directory = Split-Path $Path
            $exists = Test-Path $directory

            if ($exists -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Parent directory $directory does not exist"
                return
            }
        }

        $outsql = @()

        $versions = @{
            'SQLServer2000'        = 'Version80'
            'SQLServer2005'        = 'Version90'
            'SQLServer2008/2008R2' = 'Version100'
            'SQLServer2012'        = 'Version110'
            'SQLServer2014'        = 'Version120'
            'SQLServer2016'        = 'Version130'
            'SQLServer2017'        = 'Version140'
        }

        $versionName = @{
            'Version80'  = 'SQLServer2000'
            'Version90'  = 'SQLServer2005'
            'Version100' = 'SQLServer2008/2008R2'
            'Version110' = 'SQLServer2012'
            'Version120' = 'SQLServer2014'
            'Version130' = 'SQLServer2016'
            'Version140' = 'SQLServer2017'
        }

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
        }

        if (!$database) {
            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name -and $_.IsAccessible -eq $true }
        } else {
            if ($pipedatabase) {
                $databases = $pipedatabase.name
            } else {
                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -eq $true -and ($database -contains $_.Name) }
            }
        }

        if ($exclude) {
            $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        if (@($databases).Count -gt 0) {

            #Database Permissions
            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($destinationVersion)) {
                    #Get compatibility level for scripting the objects
                    $scriptVersion = $db.CompatibilityLevel
                } else {
                    $scriptVersion = $versions[$destinationVersion]
                }
                $versionNameDesc = $versionName[$scriptVersion.ToString()]

                #If not passed create new ScriptingOption. Otherwise use the one that was passed
                if ($null -eq $ScriptingOptionsObject) {
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject = New-DbaScriptingOption
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject.TargetServerVersion = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.SqlServerVersion]::$scriptVersion
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject.AllowSystemObjects = $false
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject.IncludeDatabaseRoleMemberships = $true
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject.ContinueScriptingOnError = $false
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject.IncludeDatabaseContext = $false
                    $ScriptingOptionsObject.IncludeIfNotExists = $true
                }

                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Validating users on database $db"

                if ($User.Count -eq 0) {
                    $users = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and $_.Name -notlike "##*" }
                } else {
                    if ($pipedatabase) {
                        $users = $pipedatabase.name
                    } else {
                        $users = $db.Users | Where-Object { $User -contains $_.Name -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and $_.Name -notlike "##*" }
                    }
                }
                # Store roles between users so if we hit the same one we don't create it again
                $roles = @()
                if ($users.Count -gt 0) {
                    foreach ($dbuser in $users) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Generating script for user $dbuser"

                        #setting database
                        $outsql += "USE [" + $db.Name + "]"

                        try {
                            #Fixed Roles #Dependency Issue. Create Role, before add to role.
                            foreach ($rolePermission in ($db.Roles | Where-Object { $_.IsFixedRole -eq $false })) {
                                foreach ($rolePermissionScript in $rolePermission.Script($ScriptingOptionsObject)) {
                                    if ($rolePermission.ToString() -notin $roles) {
                                        $roles += , $rolePermission.ToString()
                                        $outsql += "$($rolePermissionScript.ToString())"
                                    }

                                }
                            }

                            #Database Create User(s) and add to Role(s)
                            foreach ($dbUserPermissionScript in $dbuser.Script($ScriptingOptionsObject)) {
                                if ($dbuserPermissionScript.Contains("sp_addrolemember")) {
                                    $execute = "EXEC "
                                } else {
                                    $execute = ""
                                }
                                $outsql += "$execute$($dbUserPermissionScript.ToString())"
                            }

                            #Database Permissions
                            foreach ($databasePermission in $db.EnumDatabasePermissions() | Where-Object { @("sa", "dbo", "information_schema", "sys") -notcontains $_.Grantee -and $_.Grantee -notlike "##*" -and ($dbuser.Name -contains $_.Grantee) }) {
                                if ($databasePermission.PermissionState -eq "GrantWithGrant") {
                                    $withGrant = " WITH GRANT OPTION"
                                    $grantDatabasePermission = 'GRANT'
                                } else {
                                    $withGrant = " "
                                    $grantDatabasePermission = $databasePermission.PermissionState.ToString().ToUpper()
                                }

                                $outsql += "$($grantDatabasePermission) $($databasePermission.PermissionType) TO [$($databasePermission.Grantee)]$withGrant AS [$($databasePermission.Grantor)];"
                            }

                            #Database Object Permissions
                            # NB: This is a bit of a mess for a couple of reasons
                            # 1. $db.EnumObjectPermissions() doesn't enumerate all object types
                            # 2. Some (x)Collection types can have EnumObjectPermissions() called
                            #    on them directly (e.g. AssemblyCollection); others can't (e.g.
                            #    ApplicationRoleCollection). Those that can't we iterate the
                            #    collection explicitly and add each object's permission.

                            $perms = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList

                            $null = $perms.AddRange($db.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))

                            foreach ($item in $db.ApplicationRoles) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.Assemblies) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.Certificates) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.DatabaseRoles) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.FullTextCatalogs) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.FullTextStopLists) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.SearchPropertyLists) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.ServiceBroker.MessageTypes) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.RemoteServiceBindings) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.ServiceBroker.Routes) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.ServiceBroker.ServiceContracts) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.ServiceBroker.Services) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            if ($scriptVersion -ne "Version80") {
                                foreach ($item in $db.AsymmetricKeys) {
                                    $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                                }
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.SymmetricKeys) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($item in $db.XmlSchemaCollections) {
                                $null = $perms.AddRange($item.EnumObjectPermissions($dbuser.Name))
                            }

                            foreach ($objectPermission in $perms | Where-Object { @("sa", "dbo", "information_schema", "sys") -notcontains $_.Grantee -and $_.Grantee -notlike "##*" -and $_.Grantee -eq $dbuser.Name }) {
                                switch ($objectPermission.ObjectClass) {
                                    'ApplicationRole' {
                                        $object = 'APPLICATION ROLE::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'AsymmetricKey' {
                                        $object = 'ASYMMETRIC KEY::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'Certificate' {
                                        $object = 'CERTIFICATE::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'DatabaseRole' {
                                        $object = 'ROLE::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'FullTextCatalog' {
                                        $object = 'FULLTEXT CATALOG::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'FullTextStopList' {
                                        $object = 'FULLTEXT STOPLIST::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'MessageType' {
                                        $object = 'Message Type::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'ObjectOrColumn' {
                                        if ($scriptVersion -ne "Version80") {
                                            $object = 'OBJECT::[{0}].[{1}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectSchema, $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                            if ($null -ne $objectPermission.ColumnName) {
                                                $object += '([{0}])' -f $objectPermission.ColumnName
                                            }
                                        }
                                        #At SQL Server 2000 OBJECT did not exists
                                        else {
                                            $object = '[{0}].[{1}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectSchema, $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                        }
                                    }
                                    'RemoteServiceBinding' {
                                        $object = 'REMOTE SERVICE BINDING::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'Schema' {
                                        $object = 'SCHEMA::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'SearchPropertyList' {
                                        $object = 'SEARCH PROPERTY LIST::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'Service' {
                                        $object = 'SERVICE::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'ServiceContract' {
                                        $object = 'CONTRACT::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'ServiceRoute' {
                                        $object = 'ROUTE::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'SqlAssembly' {
                                        $object = 'ASSEMBLY::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'SymmetricKey' {
                                        $object = 'SYMMETRIC KEY::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'User' {
                                        $object = 'USER::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'UserDefinedType' {
                                        $object = 'TYPE::[{0}].[{1}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectSchema, $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                    'XmlNamespace' {
                                        $object = 'XML SCHEMA COLLECTION::[{0}]' -f $objectPermission.ObjectName
                                    }
                                }

                                if ($objectPermission.PermissionState -eq "GrantWithGrant") {
                                    $withGrant = " WITH GRANT OPTION"
                                    $grantObjectPermission = 'GRANT'
                                } else {
                                    $withGrant = " "
                                    $grantObjectPermission = $objectPermission.PermissionState.ToString().ToUpper()
                                }

                                $outsql += "$grantObjectPermission $($objectPermission.PermissionType) ON $object TO [$($objectPermission.Grantee)]$withGrant AS [$($objectPermission.Grantor)];"
                            }

                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "This user may be using functionality from $($versionName[$db.CompatibilityLevel.ToString()]) that does not exist on the destination version ($versionNameDesc)." -Continue -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $db
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No users found on database '$db'"
                }

                #reset collection
                $users = $null
            }
        } else {
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No users found on instance '$server'"
        }
    }

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ($ExcludeGoBatchSeparator) {
            $sql = $outsql
        } else {
            $sql = $outsql -join "`r`nGO`r`n"
            #add the final GO
            $sql += "`r`nGO"
        }

        if ($Path) {
            $sql | Out-File -Encoding UTF8 -FilePath $Path -Append:$Append -NoClobber:$NoClobber
        } else {
            $sql
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Export-SqlUser
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Export-DbaXECsv {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports Extended Events to a CSV file.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports Extended Events to a CSV file.

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the InputObject to the output CSV file

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows Piping

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaXECsv

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-ChildItem -Path C:\temp\sample.xel | Export-DbaXECsv -Path c:\temp\sample.csv

        Writes Extended Events data to the file "C:\temp\events.csv".

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2014 -Session deadlocks | Export-DbaXECsv -Path c:\temp\events.csv

        Writes Extended Events data to the file "C:\temp\events.csv".

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('FullName')]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Path,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
            return
        }

        function Get-FileFromXE ($InputObject) {
            if ($InputObject.TargetFile) {
                if ($InputObject.TargetFile.Length -eq 0) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "This session does not have an associated Target File."
                    return
                }

                $instance = [dbainstance]$InputObject.ComputerName

                if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                    $xelpath = $InputObject.TargetFile
                } else {
                    $xelpath = $InputObject.RemoteTargetFile
                }

                if ($xelpath -notmatch ".xel") {
                    $xelpath = "$xelpath*.xel"
                }

                try {
                    Get-ChildItem -Path $xelpath -ErrorAction Stop
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        $getfiles = Get-FileFromXE $InputObject

        if ($getfiles) {
            $InputObject += $getfiles
        }

        foreach ($file in $InputObject) {
            if ($file -is [System.String]) {
                $currentfile = $file
            } elseif ($file -is [System.IO.FileInfo]) {
                $currentfile = $file.FullName
            } elseif ($file -is [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session]) {
                # it was taken care of above
                continue
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported file type."
                return
            }

            $accessible = Test-Path -Path $currentfile
            $whoami = whoami

            if (-not $accessible) {
                if ($file.Status -eq "Stopped") { continue }
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "$currentfile cannot be accessed from $($env:COMPUTERNAME). Does $whoami have access?"
            }

            if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) {
                if ([String]::IsNullOrEmpty([IO.Path]::GetExtension($Path))) {
                    New-Item $Path -ItemType directory | Out-Null
                    $outDir = $Path
                    $outFile = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($currentfile) + ".csv"
                } else {
                    $outDir = [IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($Path)
                    $outFile = [IO.Path]::GetFileName($Path)
                }
            } else {
                if ((Get-Item $Path) -is [System.IO.DirectoryInfo]) {
                    $outDir = $Path
                    $outFile = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($currentfile) + ".csv"
                } else {
                    $outDir = [IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($Path)
                    $outFile = [IO.Path]::GetFileName($Path)
                }
            }

            $adapter = New-Object XESmartTarget.Core.Utils.XELFileCSVAdapter
            $adapter.InputFile = $currentfile
            $adapter.OutputFile = (Join-Path $outDir $outFile)

            try {
                $adapter.Convert()
                $file = Get-ChildItem -Path $adapter.OutputFile

                if ($file.Length -eq 0) {
                    Remove-Item -Path $adapter.OutputFile
                } else {
                    $file
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget" -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Export-DbaXESessionTemplate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exports an XESession XML Template using XE Session(s) output by Get-DbaXESession

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exports an XESession XML Template either from the Target SQL Server or XE Session(s) output by Get-DbaXESession. Exports to "$home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates" by default

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Session
        The Name of the session(s) to export.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to export the file into. Can be .xml or directory.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Specifies an XE Session output by Get-DbaXESession.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Export-DbaXESessionTemplate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Export-DbaXESessionTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 -Path C:\temp\xe

        Exports an XESession XML Template for all Extended Event Sessions on sql2017 to the C:\temp\xe folder.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session system_health | Export-DbaXESessionTemplate -Path C:\temp\xe

        Gets the system_health Extended Events Session from sql2017 and then exports as an XESession XML Template to C:\temp\xe

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Session,
        [string]$Path = "$home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates",
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Session $Session -EnableException
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }

        foreach ($xes in $InputObject) {
            $xesname = Remove-InvalidFileNameChars -Name $xes.Name

            if (-not (Test-Path -Path $Path)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$Path does not exist." -Target $Path
            }

            if ($path.EndsWith(".xml")) {
                $filename = $path
            } else {
                $filename = "$path\$xesname.xml"
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Wrote $xesname to $filename"
            [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore]::SaveSessionToTemplate($xes, $filename, $true)
            Get-ChildItem -Path $filename
        }
    }
}
function Find-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Find-DbaAgentJob finds agent job/s that fit certain search filters.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command filters SQL Agent jobs giving the DBA a list of jobs that may need attention or could possibly be options for removal.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.

    .PARAMETER JobName
        Filter agent jobs to only the name(s) you list.
        Supports regular expression (e.g. MyJob*) being passed in.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJobName
        Allows you to enter an array of agent job names to ignore

    .PARAMETER StepName
        Filter based on StepName.
        Supports regular expression (e.g. MyJob*) being passed in.

    .PARAMETER LastUsed
        Find all jobs that havent ran in the INT number of previous day(s)

    .PARAMETER IsDisabled
        Find all jobs that are disabled

    .PARAMETER IsFailed
        Find all jobs that have failed

    .PARAMETER IsNotScheduled
        Find all jobs with no schedule assigned

    .PARAMETER IsNoEmailNotification
        Find all jobs without email notification configured

    .PARAMETER Category
        Filter based on agent job categories

    .PARAMETER Owner
        Filter based on owner of the job/s

    .PARAMETER Since
        Datetime object used to narrow the results to a date

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job
        Author: Stephen Bennett (https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaAgentJob

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01 -JobName *backup*

        Returns all agent job(s) that have backup in the name

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01, Dev02 -JobName Mybackup

        Returns all agent job(s) that are named exactly Mybackup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01 -LastUsed 10

        Returns all agent job(s) that have not ran in 10 days

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01 -IsDisabled -IsNoEmailNotification -IsNotScheduled

        Returns all agent job(s) that are either disabled, have no email notification or don't have a schedule. returned with detail

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers | Find-DbaAgentJob -IsFailed | Start-DbaAgentJob

        Finds all failed job then starts them. Consider using a -WhatIf at the end of Start-DbaAgentJob to see what it'll do first

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01 -LastUsed 10 -Exclude "Yearly - RollUp Workload", "SMS - Notification"

        Returns all agent jobs that have not ran in the last 10 days ignoring jobs "Yearly - RollUp Workload" and "SMS - Notification"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01 -Category "REPL-Distribution", "REPL-Snapshot" | Format-Table -AutoSize -Wrap

        Returns all job/s on Dev01 that are in either category "REPL-Distribution" or "REPL-Snapshot"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance Dev01, Dev02 -IsFailed -Since '2016-07-01 10:47:00'

        Returns all agent job(s) on Dev01 and Dev02 that have failed since July of 2016 (and still have history in msdb)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance CMSServer -Group Production | Find-DbaAgentJob -Disabled -IsNotScheduled | Format-Table -AutoSize -Wrap

        Queries CMS server to return all SQL instances in the Production folder and then list out all agent jobs that have either been disabled or have no schedule.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Name")]
        [string[]]$JobName,
        [string[]]$ExcludeJobName,
        [string[]]$StepName,
        [int]$LastUsed,
        [Alias("Disabled")]
        [switch]$IsDisabled,
        [Alias("Failed")]
        [switch]$IsFailed,
        [Alias("NoSchedule")]
        [switch]$IsNotScheduled,
        [Alias("NoEmailNotification")]
        [switch]$IsNoEmailNotification,
        [string[]]$Category,
        [string]$Owner,
        [datetime]$Since,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($IsFailed, [boolean]$JobName, [boolean]$StepName, [boolean]$LastUsed.ToString(), $IsDisabled, $IsNotScheduled, $IsNoEmailNotification, [boolean]$Category, [boolean]$Owner, [boolean]$ExcludeJobName -notcontains $true) {
            Stop-Function -Message "At least one search term must be specified"
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Running Scan on: $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $jobs = $server.JobServer.jobs
            $output = @()

            if ($IsFailed) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for failed jobs."
                $output += $jobs | Where-Object LastRunOutcome -eq "Failed"
            }

            if ($JobName) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Retrieving jobs by their name."
                $output += Get-JobList -SqlInstance $server -JobFilter $JobName
            }

            if ($StepName) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Retrieving jobs by their step names."
                $output += Get-JobList -SqlInstance $server -StepFilter $StepName
            }

            if ($LastUsed) {
                $DaysBack = $LastUsed * -1
                $SinceDate = (Get-date).AddDays($DaysBack)
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finding job/s not ran in last $LastUsed days"
                $output += $jobs | Where-Object { $_.LastRunDate -le $SinceDate }
            }

            if ($IsDisabled) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finding job/s that are disabled"
                $output += $jobs | Where-Object IsEnabled -eq $false
            }

            if ($IsNotScheduled) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finding job/s that have no schedule defined"
                $output += $jobs | Where-Object HasSchedule -eq $false
            }
            if ($IsNoEmailNotification) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finding job/s that have no email operator defined"
                $output += $jobs | Where-Object { [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($_.OperatorToEmail) -eq $true }
            }

            if ($Category) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finding job/s that have the specified category defined"
                $output += $jobs | Where-Object { $Category -contains $_.Category }
            }

            if ($Owner) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finding job/s with owner critera"
                if ($Owner -match "-") {
                    $OwnerMatch = $Owner -replace "-", ""
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for jobs that NOT owned by: $OwnerMatch"
                    $output += $server.JobServer.jobs | Where-Object { $OwnerMatch -notcontains $_.OwnerLoginName }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for jobs that are owned by: $owner"
                    $output += $server.JobServer.jobs | Where-Object { $Owner -contains $_.OwnerLoginName }
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Excluding job/s based on Exclude"
                $output = $output | Where-Object { $Exclude -notcontains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($Since) {
                #$Since = $Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting only jobs whose LastRunDate is greater than or equal to $since"
                $output = $output | Where-Object { $_.LastRunDate -ge $since }
            }

            $jobs = $output | Select-Object -Unique

            foreach ($job in $jobs) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $job -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $job -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $job -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $job -MemberType NoteProperty -Name JobName -value $job.Name


                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $job -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Category, OwnerLoginName, CurrentRunStatus, CurrentRunRetryAttempt, 'IsEnabled as Enabled', LastRunDate, LastRunOutcome, DateCreated, HasSchedule, OperatorToEmail, 'DateCreated as CreateDate'
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Find-DbaBackup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Finds SQL Server backups on disk.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Provides all of the same functionality for finding SQL backups to remove from disk as a standard maintenance plan would.

        As an addition you have the ability to check the Archive bit on files before deletion. This will allow you to ensure backups have been archived to your archive location before removal.

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the name of the base level folder to search for backup files.

    .PARAMETER BackupFileExtension
        Specifies the filename extension of the backup files you wish to find (typically 'bak', 'trn' or 'log'). Do not include the period.

    .PARAMETER RetentionPeriod
        Specifies the retention period for backup files. Correct format is ##U.

        ## is the retention value and must be an integer value
        U signifies the units where the valid units are:
        h = hours
        d = days
        w = weeks
        m = months

        Formatting Examples:
        '48h' = 48 hours
        '7d' = 7 days
        '4w' = 4 weeks
        '1m' = 1 month

    .PARAMETER CheckArchiveBit
        If this switch is enabled, the filesystem Archive bit is checked.
        If this bit is set (which translates to "it has not been backed up to another location yet"), the file won't be included.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Backup
        Author: Chris Sommer (@cjsommer), www.cjsommer.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaBackup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaBackup -Path 'C:\MSSQL\SQL Backup\' -BackupFileExtension trn -RetentionPeriod 48h

        Searches for all trn files in C:\MSSQL\SQL Backup\ and all subdirectories that are more than 48 hours old will be included.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaBackup -Path 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\' -BackupFileExtension bak -RetentionPeriod 7d -CheckArchiveBit

        Searches for all bak files in C:\MSSQL\Backup\ and all subdirectories that are more than 7 days old will be included, but only if the files have been backed up to another location as verified by checking the Archive bit.

#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, HelpMessage = "Full path to the root level backup folder (ex. 'C:\SQL\Backups'")]
        [Alias("BackupFolder")]
        [string]$Path,
        [parameter(Mandatory, HelpMessage = "Backup File extension to remove (ex. bak, trn, dif)")]
        [string]$BackupFileExtension ,
        [parameter(Mandatory, HelpMessage = "Backup retention period. (ex. 24h, 7d, 4w, 6m)")]
        [string]$RetentionPeriod ,
        [switch]$CheckArchiveBit = $false ,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        ### Local Functions
        function Convert-UserFriendlyRetentionToDatetime {
            [cmdletbinding()]
            param (
                [string]$UserFriendlyRetention
            )

            <#
            Convert a user friendly retention value into a datetime.
            The last character of the string will indicate units (validated)
            Valid units are: (h = hours, d = days, w = weeks, m = months)

            The preceeding characters are the value and must be an integer (validated)

            Examples:
                '48h' = 48 hours
                '7d' = 7 days
                '4w' = 4 weeks
                '1m' = 1 month
            #>

            [int]$Length = ($UserFriendlyRetention).Length
            $Value = ($UserFriendlyRetention).Substring(0, $Length - 1)
            $Units = ($UserFriendlyRetention).Substring($Length - 1, 1)

            # Validate that $Units is an accepted unit of measure
            if ( $Units -notin @('h', 'd', 'w', 'm') ) {
                throw "RetentionPeriod '$UserFriendlyRetention' units invalid! See Get-Help for correct formatting and examples."
            }

            # Validate that $Value is an INT
            if ( ![int]::TryParse($Value, [ref]"") ) {
                throw "RetentionPeriod '$UserFriendlyRetention' format invalid! See Get-Help for correct formatting and examples."
            }

            switch ($Units) {
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                'h' {<# $UnitString = 'Hours';#> [datetime]$ReturnDatetime = (Get-Date).AddHours( - $Value)  }
                'd' {<# $UnitString = 'Days';#> [datetime]$ReturnDatetime = (Get-Date).AddDays( - $Value)   }
                'w' {<# $UnitString = 'Weeks';#> [datetime]$ReturnDatetime = (Get-Date).AddDays( - $Value * 7) }
                'm' {<# $UnitString = 'Months';#> [datetime]$ReturnDatetime = (Get-Date).AddMonths( - $Value) }
            }
            $ReturnDatetime
        }

        # Validations
        # Ensure BackupFileExtension does not begin with a .
        if ($BackupFileExtension -match "^[.]") {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Parameter -BackupFileExtension begins with a period '$BackupFileExtension'. A period is automatically prepended to -BackupFileExtension and need not be passed in."
        }
        # Ensure Path is a proper path
        if (!(Test-Path $Path -PathType 'Container')) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$Path not found"
        }

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        # Process stuff
        Write-Message -Message "Finding backups on $Path" -Level Verbose
        # Convert Retention Value to an actual DateTime
        try {
            $RetentionDate = Convert-UserFriendlyRetentionToDatetime -UserFriendlyRetention $RetentionPeriod
            Write-Message -Message "Backup Retention Date set to $RetentionDate" -Level Verbose
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to interpret retention time!" -ErrorRecord $_
        }

        # Filter out unarchived files if -CheckArchiveBit parameter is used
        if ($CheckArchiveBit) {
            Write-Message -Message "Removing only archived files." -Level Verbose
            filter DbaArchiveBitFilter {
                if ($_.Attributes -notmatch "Archive") {
                    $_
                }
            }
        } else {
            filter DbaArchiveBitFilter {
                $_
            }
        }
        # Enumeration may take a while. Without resorting to "esoteric" file listing facilities
        # and given we need to fetch at least the LastWriteTime, let's just use "streaming" processing
        # here to avoid issues like described in #970
        Get-ChildItem $Path -Filter "*.$BackupFileExtension" -File -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable EnumErrors |
            Where-Object LastWriteTime -lt $RetentionDate | DbaArchiveBitFilter
        if ($EnumErrors) {
            Write-Message "Errors encountered enumerating files." -Level Warning -ErrorRecord $EnumErrors
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Find-DbaCommand {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Finds dbatools commands searching through the inline help text

    .DESCRIPTION
        Finds dbatools commands searching through the inline help text, building a consolidated json index and querying it because Get-Help is too slow

    .PARAMETER Tag
        Finds all commands tagged with this auto-populated tag

    .PARAMETER Author
        Finds all commands tagged with this author

    .PARAMETER MinimumVersion
        Finds all commands tagged with this auto-populated minimum version

    .PARAMETER MaximumVersion
        Finds all commands tagged with this auto-populated maximum version

    .PARAMETER Rebuild
        Rebuilds the index

    .PARAMETER Pattern
        Searches help for all commands in dbatools for the specified pattern and displays all results

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Confirms overwrite of index

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Displays what would happen if the command is run

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Find, Help, Command
        Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphold)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaCommand

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaCommand "snapshot"

        For lazy typers: finds all commands searching the entire help for "snapshot"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaCommand -Pattern "snapshot"

        For rigorous typers: finds all commands searching the entire help for "snapshot"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaCommand -Tag copy

        Finds all commands tagged with "copy"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaCommand -Tag copy,user

        Finds all commands tagged with BOTH "copy" and "user"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaCommand -Author chrissy

        Finds every command whose author contains our beloved "chrissy"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaCommand -Author chrissy -Tag copy

        Finds every command whose author contains our beloved "chrissy" and it tagged as "copy"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaCommand -Pattern snapshot -Rebuild

        Finds all commands searching the entire help for "snapshot", rebuilding the index (good for developers)

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [String]$Pattern,
        [String[]]$Tag,
        [String]$Author,
        [String]$MinimumVersion,
        [String]$MaximumVersion,
        [switch]$Rebuild,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function Get-DbaTrimmedString($Text) {
            return $Text.Trim() -replace '(\r\n){2,}', "`n"
        }

        $tagsRex = ([regex]'(?m)^[\s]{0,15}Tags:(.*)$')
        $authorRex = ([regex]'(?m)^[\s]{0,15}Author:(.*)$')
        $minverRex = ([regex]'(?m)^[\s]{0,15}MinimumVersion:(.*)$')
        $maxverRex = ([regex]'(?m)^[\s]{0,15}MaximumVersion:(.*)$')

        function Get-DbaHelp([String]$commandName) {
            $thishelp = Get-Help $commandName -Full
            $thebase = @{ }
            $thebase.CommandName = $commandName
            $thebase.Name = $thishelp.Name

            $alias = Get-Alias -Definition $commandName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            $thebase.Alias = $alias.Name -Join ','

            ## fetch the description
            $thebase.Description = $thishelp.Description.Text

            ## fetch examples
            $thebase.Examples = Get-DbaTrimmedString -Text ($thishelp.Examples | Out-String -Width 200)

            ## fetch help link
            $thebase.Links = ($thishelp.relatedLinks).NavigationLink.Uri

            ## fetch the synopsis
            $thebase.Synopsis = $thishelp.Synopsis

            ## fetch the syntax
            $thebase.Syntax = Get-DbaTrimmedString -Text ($thishelp.Syntax | Out-String -Width 600)

            ## store notes
            $as = $thishelp.AlertSet | Out-String -Width 600

            ## fetch the tags
            $tags = $tagsrex.Match($as).Groups[1].Value
            if ($tags) {
                $thebase.Tags = $tags.Split(',').Trim()
            }
            ## fetch the author
            $author = $authorRex.Match($as).Groups[1].Value
            if ($author) {
                $thebase.Author = $author.Trim()
            }

            ## fetch MinimumVersion
            $MinimumVersion = $minverRex.Match($as).Groups[1].Value
            if ($MinimumVersion) {
                $thebase.MinimumVersion = $MinimumVersion.Trim()
            }

            ## fetch MaximumVersion
            $MaximumVersion = $maxverRex.Match($as).Groups[1].Value
            if ($MaximumVersion) {
                $thebase.MaximumVersion = $MaximumVersion.Trim()
            }

            ## fetch Parameters
            $parameters = $thishelp.parameters.parameter
            $command = Get-Command $commandName
            $params = @()
            foreach ($p in $parameters) {
                $paramAlias = $command.parameters[$p.Name].Aliases
                $paramDescr = Get-DbaTrimmedString -Text ($p.Description | Out-String -Width 200)
                $params += , @($p.Name, $paramDescr, ($paramAlias -Join ','), ($p.Required -eq $true), $p.PipelineInput, $p.DefaultValue)
            }

            $thebase.Params = $params

            [pscustomobject]$thebase
        }

        function Get-DbaIndex() {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dest, "Recreating index")) {
                $dbamodule = Get-Module -Name dbatools
                $allCommands = $dbamodule.ExportedCommands.Values | Where-Object CommandType -EQ 'Function'

                $helpcoll = New-Object System.Collections.Generic.List[System.Object]
                foreach ($command in $allCommands) {
                    $x = Get-DbaHelp "$command"
                    $helpcoll.Add($x)
                }
                # $dest = Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -Name 'Path.TagCache' -Fallback "$(Resolve-Path $PSScriptRoot\..)\dbatools-index.json"
                $dest = "$moduleDirectory\bin\dbatools-index.json"
                $helpcoll | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 4 | Out-File $dest -Encoding UTF8
            }
        }

        $moduleDirectory = (Get-Module -Name dbatools).ModuleBase
    }
    process {
        $Pattern = $Pattern.TrimEnd("s")
        $idxFile = "$moduleDirectory\bin\dbatools-index.json"
        if (!(Test-Path $idxFile) -or $Rebuild) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Rebuilding index into $idxFile"
            $swRebuild = [system.diagnostics.stopwatch]::StartNew()
            Get-DbaIndex
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Rebuild done in $($swRebuild.ElapsedMilliseconds)ms"
        }
        $consolidated = Get-Content -Raw $idxFile | ConvertFrom-Json
        $result = $consolidated
        if ($Pattern.Length -gt 0) {
            $result = $result | Where-Object { $_.PsObject.Properties.Value -like "*$Pattern*" }
        }

        if ($Tag.Length -gt 0) {
            foreach ($t in $Tag) {
                $result = $result | Where-Object Tags -Contains $t
            }
        }

        if ($Author.Length -gt 0) {
            $result = $result | Where-Object Author -Like "*$Author*"
        }

        if ($MinimumVersion.Length -gt 0) {
            $result = $result | Where-Object MinimumVersion -GE $MinimumVersion
        }

        if ($MaximumVersion.Length -gt 0) {
            $result = $result | Where-Object MaximumVersion -LE $MaximumVersion
        }

        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $result -Property CommandName, Synopsis
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Find-DbaDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Find database/s on multiple servers that match criteria you input

    .DESCRIPTION
        Allows you to search SQL Server instances for database that have either the same name, owner or service broker guid.

        There a several reasons for the service broker guid not matching on a restored database primarily using alter database new broker. or turn off broker to return a guid of 0000-0000-0000-0000.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user

    .PARAMETER Property
        What you would like to search on. Either Database Name, Owner, or Service Broker GUID. Database name is the default.

    .PARAMETER Pattern
        Value that is searched for. This is a regular expression match but you can just use a plain ol string like 'dbareports'

    .PARAMETER Exact
        Search for an exact match instead of a pattern

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be depreciated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaDatabase

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance "DEV01", "DEV02", "UAT01", "UAT02", "PROD01", "PROD02" -Pattern Report

        Returns all database from the SqlInstances that have a database with Report in the name

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance "DEV01", "DEV02", "UAT01", "UAT02", "PROD01", "PROD02" -Pattern TestDB -Exact | Select-Object *

        Returns all database from the SqlInstances that have a database named TestDB with a detailed output.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance "DEV01", "DEV02", "UAT01", "UAT02", "PROD01", "PROD02" -Property ServiceBrokerGuid -Pattern '-faeb-495a-9898-f25a782835f5' | Select-Object *

        Returns all database from the SqlInstances that have the same Service Broker GUID with a detailed output

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('Name', 'ServiceBrokerGuid', 'Owner')]
        [string]$Property = 'Name',
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Pattern,
        [switch]$Exact,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($exact -eq $true) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible | Where-Object { $_.$property -eq $pattern }
            } else {
                try {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible | Where-Object { $_.$property.ToString() -match $pattern }
                } catch {
                    # they probably put asterisks thinking it's a like
                    $Pattern = $Pattern -replace '\*', ''
                    $Pattern = $Pattern -replace '\%', ''
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.$property.ToString() -match $pattern }
                }
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {

                $extendedproperties = @()
                foreach ($xp in $db.ExtendedProperties) {
                    $extendedproperties += [PSCustomObject]@{
                        Name  = $db.ExtendedProperties[$xp.Name].Name
                        Value = $db.ExtendedProperties[$xp.Name].Value
                    }
                }

                if ($extendedproperties.count -eq 0) { $extendedproperties = 0 }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName       = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance        = $server.Name
                    Name               = $db.Name
                    Size               = [dbasize]($db.Size * 1024 * 1024)
                    Owner              = $db.Owner
                    CreateDate         = $db.CreateDate
                    ServiceBrokerGuid  = $db.ServiceBrokerGuid
                    Tables             = ($db.Tables | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }).Count
                    StoredProcedures   = ($db.StoredProcedures | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }).Count
                    Views              = ($db.Views | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }).Count
                    ExtendedProperties = $extendedproperties
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Find-DbaDbGrowthEvent {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Finds any database AutoGrow events in the Default Trace.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Finds any database AutoGrow events in the Default Trace.

        The following events are included:
        92 - Data File Auto Grow
        93 - Log File Auto Grow
        94 - Data File Auto Shrink
        95 - Log File Auto Shrink

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER EventType
        Provide a filter on growth event type to filter the results.

        Allowed values: Growth, Shrink

    .PARAMETER FileType
        Provide a filter on file type to filter the results.

        Allowed values: Data, Log

    .PARAMETER UseLocalTime
        Return the local time of the instance instead of converting to UTC.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AutoGrow,Growth,Database
        Author: Aaron Nelson

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Query Extracted from SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) 2016.

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns any database AutoGrow events in the Default Trace with UTC time for the instance for every database on the localhost instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent -SqlInstance localhost -UseLocalTime

        Returns any database AutoGrow events in the Default Trace with the local time of the instance for every database on the localhost instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL2016, ServerA\SQL2014

        Returns any database AutoGrow events in the Default Traces for every database on ServerA\sql2016 & ServerA\SQL2014.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL2016 | Format-Table -AutoSize -Wrap

        Returns any database AutoGrow events in the Default Trace for every database on the ServerA\SQL2016 instance in a table format.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL2016 -EventType Shrink

        Returns any database Auto Shrink events in the Default Trace for every database on the ServerA\SQL2016 instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL2016 -EventType Growth -FileType Data

        Returns any database Auto Growth events on data files in the Default Trace for every database on the ServerA\SQL2016 instance.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [ValidateSet('Growth', 'Shrink')]
        [string]$EventType,
        [ValidateSet('Data', 'Log')]
        [string]$FileType,
        [switch]$UseLocalTime,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $eventClass = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
        92..95 | ForEach-Object { $null = $eventClass.Add($_) }

        if (Test-Bound 'EventType', 'FileType') {
            switch ($FileType) {
                'Data' {
                    <# should only contain events for data: 92 (grow), 94 (shrink) #>
                    $eventClass.Remove(93)
                    $eventClass.Remove(95)
                }
                'Log' {
                    <# should only contain events for log: 93 (grow), 95 (shrink) #>
                    $eventClass.Remove(92)
                    $eventClass.Remove(94)
                }
            }
            switch ($EventType) {
                'Growth' {
                    <# should only contain events for growth: 92 (data), 93 (log) #>
                    $eventClass.Remove(94)
                    $eventClass.Remove(95)
                }
                'Shrink' {
                    <# should only contain events for shrink: 94 (data), 95 (log) #>
                    $eventClass.Remove(92)
                    $eventClass.Remove(93)
                }
            }
        }

        $eventClassFilter = $eventClass -join ","

        $sqlTemplate = "
            BEGIN TRY
                IF (SELECT CONVERT(INT,[value_in_use]) FROM sys.configurations WHERE [name] = 'default trace enabled' ) = 1
                    BEGIN
                        DECLARE @curr_tracefilename VARCHAR(500);
                        DECLARE @base_tracefilename VARCHAR(500);
                        DECLARE @indx INT;

                        SELECT @curr_tracefilename = [path]
                        FROM sys.traces
                        WHERE is_default = 1 ;

                        SET @curr_tracefilename = REVERSE(@curr_tracefilename);
                        SELECT @indx  = PATINDEX('%\%', @curr_tracefilename);
                        SET @curr_tracefilename = REVERSE(@curr_tracefilename);
                        SET @base_tracefilename = LEFT( @curr_tracefilename,LEN(@curr_tracefilename) - @indx) + '\log.trc';

                        SELECT
                            SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                            ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                            SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                            CONVERT(INT,(DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY [StartTime] DESC))%2) AS OrderRank,
                                CONVERT(INT, [EventClass]) AS EventClass,
                            [DatabaseName],
                            [Filename],
                            CONVERT(INT,(Duration/1000)) AS Duration,
                            $(if (-not $UseLocalTime) { "
                            DATEADD (MINUTE, DATEDIFF(MINUTE, GETDATE(), GETUTCDATE()), [StartTime]) AS StartTime,  -- Convert to UTC time
                            DATEADD (MINUTE, DATEDIFF(MINUTE, GETDATE(), GETUTCDATE()), [EndTime]) AS EndTime,  -- Convert to UTC time"
                            }
                            else { "
                            [StartTime] AS StartTime,
                            [EndTime] AS EndTime,"
                            })
                            ([IntegerData]*8.0/1024) AS ChangeInSize,
                            ApplicationName,
                            HostName,
                            SessionLoginName,
                            SPID
                        FROM::fn_trace_gettable( @base_tracefilename, DEFAULT )
                        WHERE
                            [EventClass] IN ($eventClassFilter)
                            AND [ServerName] = @@SERVERNAME
                            AND [DatabaseName] IN (_DatabaseList_)
                        ORDER BY [StartTime] DESC;
                    END
                ELSE
                    SELECT
                        SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                        ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                        SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                        -100 AS [OrderRank],
                        -1 AS [OrderRank],
                        0 AS [EventClass],
                        0 [DatabaseName],
                        0 AS [Filename],
                        0 AS [Duration],
                        0 AS [StartTime],
                        0 AS [EndTime],
                        0 AS ChangeInSize,
                        0 AS [ApplicationName],
                        0 AS [HostName],
                        0 AS [SessionLoginName],
                        0 AS [SPID]
            END	TRY
            BEGIN CATCH
                SELECT
                    SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                    ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                    SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                    -100 AS [OrderRank],
                    -100 AS [OrderRank],
                    ERROR_NUMBER() AS [EventClass],
                    ERROR_SEVERITY() AS [DatabaseName],
                    ERROR_STATE() AS [Filename],
                    ERROR_MESSAGE() AS [Duration],
                    1 AS [StartTime],
                    1 AS [EndTime],
                    1 AS [ChangeInSize],
                    1 AS [ApplicationName],
                    1 AS [HostName],
                    1 AS [SessionLoginName],
                    1 AS [SPID]
            END CATCH"

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Find-DbaDatabaseGrowthEvent
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            #Create dblist name in 'db1', 'db2' format
            $dbsList = "'$($($dbs | ForEach-Object {$_.Name}) -join "','")'"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Executing query against $dbsList on $instance"

            $sql = $sqlTemplate -replace '_DatabaseList_', $dbsList
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Executing SQL Statement:`n $sql"

            $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'EventClass', 'DatabaseName', 'Filename', 'Duration', 'StartTime', 'EndTime', 'ChangeInSize', 'ApplicationName', 'HostName'

            try {
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $server.Query($sql) -Property $defaults
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting data on $server" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Find-DbaDbUnusedIndex {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Find unused indexes

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command will help you to find Unused indexes on a database or a list of databases

        For now only supported for CLUSTERED and NONCLUSTERED indexes

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server you want to check for unused indexes.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER IgnoreUptime
        Less than 7 days uptime can mean that analysis of unused indexes is unreliable, and normally no results will be returned. By setting this option results will be returned even if the Instance has been running for less that 7 days.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Index
        Author: Aaron Nelson (@SQLvariant), SQLvariant.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaDbUnusedIndex

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDbUnusedIndex -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database db1, db2

        Finds unused databases on db1 and db2 on sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDbUnusedIndex -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential $cred

        Finds unused databases on db1 and db2 on sql2016 using SQL Authentication to connect to the server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 | Find-DbaDbUnusedIndex

        Finds unused databases on all databases on sql2016

       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IgnoreUptime,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        # Support Compression 2008+
        $sql = "SELECT  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
        ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
        SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance, DB_NAME(database_id) AS 'Database'
        ,s.name AS 'Schema'
        ,t.name AS 'Table'
        ,i.object_id AS ObjectId
        ,i.name AS 'IndexName'
        ,i.index_id as 'IndexId'
        ,i.type_desc as 'TypeDesc'
        ,user_seeks as 'UserSeeks'
        ,user_scans as 'UserScans'
        ,user_lookups  as 'UserLookups'
        ,user_updates  as 'UserUpdates'
        ,last_user_seek  as 'LastUserSeek'
        ,last_user_scan  as 'LastUserScan'
        ,last_user_lookup  as 'LastUserLookup'
        ,last_user_update  as 'LastUserUpdate'
        ,system_seeks  as 'SystemSeeks'
        ,system_scans  as 'SystemScans'
        ,system_lookups  as 'SystemLookup'
        ,system_updates  as 'SystemUpdates'
        ,last_system_seek  as 'LastSystemSeek'
        ,last_system_scan  as 'LastSystemScan'
        ,last_system_lookup  as 'LastSystemLookup'
        ,last_system_update as 'LastSystemUpdate'
        FROM sys.tables t
        JOIN sys.schemas s
            ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id
        JOIN sys.indexes i
            ON i.object_id = t.object_id LEFT OUTER
        JOIN sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats iu
            ON iu.object_id = i.object_id
                AND iu.index_id = i.index_id
        WHERE iu.database_id = DB_ID()
                AND OBJECTPROPERTY(i.[object_id], 'IsMSShipped') = 0
                AND user_seeks = 0
                AND user_scans = 0
                AND user_lookups = 0
                AND i.type_desc NOT IN ('HEAP', 'CLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE')"
    }

    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            if ($db.Parent.Databases[$db].IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database [$db] is not accessible."
                continue
            }

            $server = $db.Parent
            $instance = $server.Name

            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
                Stop-Function -Message "This function does not support versions lower than SQL Server 2005 (v9)." -Continue
            }

            $lastRestart = $server.Databases['tempdb'].CreateDate
            $endDate = Get-Date -Date $lastRestart
            $diffDays = (New-TimeSpan -Start $endDate -End (Get-Date)).Days

            if ($diffDays -le 6) {
                if ($IgnoreUptime) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "The SQL Service was restarted on $lastRestart, which is not long enough for a solid evaluation."
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Service on $instance was restarted on $lastRestart, which is not long enough for a solid evaluation." -Continue
                }
            }

            <#
                Validate if server version is:
                    - sql 2012 and if have SP3 CU3 (Build 6537) or higher
                    - sql 2014 and if have SP2 (Build 5000) or higher
                If the major version is the same but the build is lower, throws the message
            #>

            if (($server.VersionMajor -eq 11 -and $server.BuildNumber -lt 6537) -or ($server.VersionMajor -eq 12 -and $server.BuildNumber -lt 5000)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "This SQL version has a known issue. Rebuilding an index clears any existing row entry from sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats for that index.`r`nPlease refer to connect item: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/3160407/fix-sys-dm-db-index-usage-stats-missing-information-after-index-rebuil" -Continue
            }

            if ($diffDays -le 33) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "The SQL Service on $instance was restarted on $lastRestart, which may not be long enough for a solid evaluation."
            }

            try {
                $db.Query($sql)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue gathering indexes" -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-SqlUnusedIndex
    }
}
function Find-DbaDisabledIndex {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Find Disabled indexes

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command will help you to find disabled indexes on a database or a list of databases.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER NoClobber
        If this switch is enabled, the output file will not be overwritten.

    .PARAMETER Append
        If this switch is enabled, content will be appended to the output file.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Index
        Author: Jason Squires, sqlnotnull.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbadisabledIndex

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDisabledIndex -SqlInstance sql2005

        Generates the SQL statements to drop the selected disabled indexes on server "sql2005".

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDisabledIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2016 -SqlCredential $cred

        Generates the SQL statements to drop the selected disabled indexes on server "sqlserver2016", using SQL Authentication to connect to the database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDisabledIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2016 -Database db1, db2

        Generates the SQL Statement to drop selected indexes in databases db1 & db2 on server "sqlserver2016".

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDisabledIndex -SqlInstance sqlserver2016

        Generates the SQL statements to drop selected indexes on all user databases.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$NoClobber,
        [switch]$Append,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "
        SELECT DB_NAME() AS 'DatabaseName'
        ,s.name AS 'SchemaName'
        ,t.name AS 'TableName'
        ,i.object_id AS ObjectId
        ,i.name AS 'IndexName'
        ,i.index_id as 'IndexId'
        ,i.type_desc as 'TypeDesc'
        FROM sys.tables t
        JOIN sys.schemas s
            ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id
        JOIN sys.indexes i
            ON i.object_id = t.object_id
        WHERE i.is_disabled = 1"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential  -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -in $database
            } else {
                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible -eq $true
            }

            if ($databases.Count -gt 0) {
                foreach ($db in $databases.name) {

                    if ($ExcludeDatabase -contains $db -or $null -eq $server.Databases[$db]) {
                        continue
                    }

                    try {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Getting disabled indexes")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting indexes from database '$db'."
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
                            $disabledIndex = $server.Databases[$db].ExecuteWithResults($sql)

                            if ($disabledIndex.Tables[0].Rows.Count -gt 0) {
                                $results = $disabledIndex.Tables[0];
                                if ($results.Count -gt 0 -or !([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($results))) {
                                    foreach ($index in $results) {
                                        $index
                                    }
                                }
                            } else {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No Disabled indexes found!"
                            }
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue gathering indexes" -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $db
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "There are no databases to analyse."
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-SqlDisabledIndex
    }
}
function Find-DbaDuplicateIndex {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Find duplicate and overlapping indexes.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command will help you to find duplicate and overlapping indexes on a database or a list of databases.

        On SQL Server 2008 and higher, the IsFiltered property will also be checked

        Only supports CLUSTERED and NONCLUSTERED indexes.

        Output:
        TableName
        IndexName
        KeyColumns
        IncludedColumns
        IndexSizeMB
        IndexType
        CompressionDescription (When 2008+)
        [RowCount]
        IsDisabled
        IsFiltered (When 2008+)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER IncludeOverlapping
        If this switch is enabled, indexes which are partially duplicated will be returned.

        Example: If the first key column is the same between two indexes, but one has included columns and the other not, this will be shown.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Index
        Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaDuplicateIndex

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDuplicateIndex -SqlInstance sql2005

        Returns duplicate indexes found on sql2005

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDuplicateIndex -SqlInstance sql2017 -SqlCredential sqladmin

        Finds exact duplicate indexes on all user databases present on sql2017, using SQL authentication.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDuplicateIndex -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database db1, db2

        Finds exact duplicate indexes on the db1 and db2 databases.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaDuplicateIndex -SqlInstance sql2017 -IncludeOverlapping

        Finds both duplicate and overlapping indexes on all user databases.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [switch]$IncludeOverlapping,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $exactDuplicateQuery2005 = "
            WITH CTE_IndexCols
            AS (
                SELECT i.[object_id]
                    ,i.index_id
                    ,OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS SchemaName
                    ,OBJECT_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS TableName
                    ,NAME AS IndexName
                    ,ISNULL(STUFF((
                                SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                        WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1
                                            THEN 'DESC'
                                        ELSE 'ASC'
                                        END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                    AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                    AND idxCol.is_included_column = 0
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                                FOR XML PATH('')
                                ), 1, 2, ''), '') AS KeyColumns
                    ,ISNULL(STUFF((
                                SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                        WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1
                                            THEN 'DESC'
                                        ELSE 'ASC'
                                        END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                    AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                    AND idxCol.is_included_column = 1
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                                FOR XML PATH('')
                                ), 1, 2, ''), '') AS IncludedColumns
                    ,i.[type_desc] AS IndexType
                    ,i.is_disabled AS IsDisabled
                FROM sys.indexes AS i
                WHERE i.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND i.[type_desc] IN (
                        'CLUSTERED'
                        ,'NONCLUSTERED'
                        )
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                )
                ,CTE_IndexSpace
            AS (
                SELECT s.[object_id]
                    ,s.index_id
                    ,SUM(s.[used_page_count]) * 8 / 1024.0 AS IndexSizeMB
                    ,SUM(p.[rows]) AS [RowCount]
                FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats AS s
                INNER JOIN sys.partitions p WITH (NOLOCK) ON s.[partition_id] = p.[partition_id]
                    AND s.[object_id] = p.[object_id]
                    AND s.index_id = p.index_id
                WHERE s.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(s.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                GROUP BY s.[object_id]
                    ,s.index_id
                )
            SELECT DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName
                ,CI1.SchemaName + '.' + CI1.TableName AS 'TableName'
                ,CI1.IndexName
                ,CI1.KeyColumns
                ,CI1.IncludedColumns
                ,CI1.IndexType
                ,COALESCE(CSPC.IndexSizeMB,0) AS 'IndexSizeMB'
                ,COALESCE(CSPC.[RowCount],0) AS 'RowCount'
                ,CI1.IsDisabled
            FROM CTE_IndexCols AS CI1
            LEFT JOIN CTE_IndexSpace AS CSPC ON CI1.[object_id] = CSPC.[object_id]
                AND CI1.index_id = CSPC.index_id
            WHERE EXISTS (
                    SELECT 1
                    FROM CTE_IndexCols CI2
                    WHERE CI1.SchemaName = CI2.SchemaName
                        AND CI1.TableName = CI2.TableName
                        AND CI1.KeyColumns = CI2.KeyColumns
                        AND CI1.IncludedColumns = CI2.IncludedColumns
                        AND CI1.IndexName <> CI2.IndexName
                    )"

        $overlappingQuery2005 = "
            WITH CTE_IndexCols
            AS (
                SELECT i.[object_id]
                    ,i.index_id
                    ,OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS SchemaName
                    ,OBJECT_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS TableName
                    ,NAME AS IndexName
                    ,ISNULL(STUFF((
                                SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                        WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1
                                            THEN 'DESC'
                                        ELSE 'ASC'
                                        END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                    AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                    AND idxCol.is_included_column = 0
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                                FOR XML PATH('')
                                ), 1, 2, ''), '') AS KeyColumns
                    ,ISNULL(STUFF((
                                SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                        WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1
                                            THEN 'DESC'
                                        ELSE 'ASC'
                                        END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                    AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                    AND idxCol.is_included_column = 1
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                                FOR XML PATH('')
                                ), 1, 2, ''), '') AS IncludedColumns
                    ,i.[type_desc] AS IndexType
                    ,i.is_disabled AS IsDisabled
                FROM sys.indexes AS i
                WHERE i.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND i.[type_desc] IN (
                        'CLUSTERED'
                        ,'NONCLUSTERED'
                        )
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                )
                ,CTE_IndexSpace
            AS (
                SELECT s.[object_id]
                    ,s.index_id
                    ,SUM(s.[used_page_count]) * 8 / 1024.0 AS IndexSizeMB
                    ,SUM(p.[rows]) AS [RowCount]
                FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats AS s
                INNER JOIN sys.partitions p WITH (NOLOCK) ON s.[partition_id] = p.[partition_id]
                    AND s.[object_id] = p.[object_id]
                    AND s.index_id = p.index_id
                WHERE s.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(s.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                GROUP BY s.[object_id]
                    ,s.index_id
                )
            SELECT DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName
                ,CI1.SchemaName + '.' + CI1.TableName AS 'TableName'
                ,CI1.IndexName
                ,CI1.KeyColumns
                ,CI1.IncludedColumns
                ,CI1.IndexType
                ,COALESCE(CSPC.IndexSizeMB,0) AS 'IndexSizeMB'
                ,COALESCE(CSPC.[RowCount],0) AS 'RowCount'
                ,CI1.IsDisabled
            FROM CTE_IndexCols AS CI1
            LEFT JOIN CTE_IndexSpace AS CSPC ON CI1.[object_id] = CSPC.[object_id]
                AND CI1.index_id = CSPC.index_id
            WHERE EXISTS (
                    SELECT 1
                    FROM CTE_IndexCols CI2
                    WHERE CI1.SchemaName = CI2.SchemaName
                        AND CI1.TableName = CI2.TableName
                        AND (
                            (
                                CI1.KeyColumns LIKE CI2.KeyColumns + '%'
                                AND SUBSTRING(CI1.KeyColumns, LEN(CI2.KeyColumns) + 1, 1) = ' '
                                )
                            OR (
                                CI2.KeyColumns LIKE CI1.KeyColumns + '%'
                                AND SUBSTRING(CI2.KeyColumns, LEN(CI1.KeyColumns) + 1, 1) = ' '
                                )
                            )
                        AND CI1.IndexName <> CI2.IndexName
                    )"

        # Support Compression 2008+
        $exactDuplicateQuery = "
            WITH CTE_IndexCols
            AS (
                SELECT i.[object_id]
                    ,i.index_id
                    ,OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS SchemaName
                    ,OBJECT_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS TableName
                    ,NAME AS IndexName
                    ,ISNULL(STUFF((
                                SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                        WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1
                                            THEN 'DESC'
                                        ELSE 'ASC'
                                        END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                    AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                    AND idxCol.is_included_column = 0
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                                FOR XML PATH('')
                                ), 1, 2, ''), '') AS KeyColumns
                    ,ISNULL(STUFF((
                                SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                        WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1
                                            THEN 'DESC'
                                        ELSE 'ASC'
                                        END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                    AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                    AND idxCol.is_included_column = 1
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                                FOR XML PATH('')
                                ), 1, 2, ''), '') AS IncludedColumns
                    ,i.[type_desc] AS IndexType
                    ,i.is_disabled AS IsDisabled
                    ,i.has_filter AS IsFiltered
                FROM sys.indexes AS i
                WHERE i.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND i.[type_desc] IN (
                        'CLUSTERED'
                        ,'NONCLUSTERED'
                        )
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                )
                ,CTE_IndexSpace
            AS (
                SELECT s.[object_id]
                    ,s.index_id
                    ,SUM(s.[used_page_count]) * 8 / 1024.0 AS IndexSizeMB
                    ,SUM(p.[rows]) AS [RowCount]
                    ,p.data_compression_desc AS CompressionDescription
                FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats AS s
                INNER JOIN sys.partitions p WITH (NOLOCK) ON s.[partition_id] = p.[partition_id]
                    AND s.[object_id] = p.[object_id]
                    AND s.index_id = p.index_id
                WHERE s.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(s.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                GROUP BY s.[object_id]
                    ,s.index_id
                    ,p.data_compression_desc
                )
            SELECT DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName
                ,CI1.SchemaName + '.' + CI1.TableName AS 'TableName'
                ,CI1.IndexName
                ,CI1.KeyColumns
                ,CI1.IncludedColumns
                ,CI1.IndexType
                ,COALESCE(CSPC.IndexSizeMB,0) AS 'IndexSizeMB'
                ,COALESCE(CSPC.CompressionDescription, 'NONE') AS 'CompressionDescription'
                ,COALESCE(CSPC.[RowCount],0) AS 'RowCount'
                ,CI1.IsDisabled
                ,CI1.IsFiltered
            FROM CTE_IndexCols AS CI1
            LEFT JOIN CTE_IndexSpace AS CSPC ON CI1.[object_id] = CSPC.[object_id]
                AND CI1.index_id = CSPC.index_id
            WHERE EXISTS (
                    SELECT 1
                    FROM CTE_IndexCols CI2
                    WHERE CI1.SchemaName = CI2.SchemaName
                        AND CI1.TableName = CI2.TableName
                        AND CI1.KeyColumns = CI2.KeyColumns
                        AND CI1.IncludedColumns = CI2.IncludedColumns
                        AND CI1.IsFiltered = CI2.IsFiltered
                        AND CI1.IndexName <> CI2.IndexName
                    )"

        $overlappingQuery = "
            WITH CTE_IndexCols AS
            (
                SELECT
                        i.[object_id]
                        ,i.index_id
                        ,OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS SchemaName
                        ,OBJECT_NAME(i.[object_id]) AS TableName
                        ,Name AS IndexName
                        ,ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                                                    WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1 THEN 'DESC'
                                                                    ELSE 'ASC'
                                                                END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                    INNER JOIN sys.columns col
                                    ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                AND idxCol.is_included_column = 0
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                        FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, ''), '') AS KeyColumns
                        ,ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT ', ' + col.NAME + ' ' + CASE
                                                                    WHEN idxCol.is_descending_key = 1 THEN 'DESC'
                                                                    ELSE 'ASC'
                                                                END -- Include column order (ASC / DESC)
                                FROM sys.index_columns idxCol
                                    INNER JOIN sys.columns col
                                    ON idxCol.[object_id] = col.[object_id]
                                    AND idxCol.column_id = col.column_id
                                WHERE i.[object_id] = idxCol.[object_id]
                                AND i.index_id = idxCol.index_id
                                AND idxCol.is_included_column = 1
                                ORDER BY idxCol.key_ordinal
                        FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, ''), '') AS IncludedColumns
                        ,i.[type_desc] AS IndexType
                        ,i.is_disabled AS IsDisabled
                        ,i.has_filter AS IsFiltered
                FROM sys.indexes AS i
                WHERE i.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                AND i.[type_desc] IN ('CLUSTERED', 'NONCLUSTERED')
                AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(i.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
            ),
            CTE_IndexSpace AS
            (
            SELECT
                        s.[object_id]
                        ,s.index_id
                        ,SUM(s.[used_page_count]) * 8 / 1024.0 AS IndexSizeMB
                        ,SUM(p.[rows]) AS [RowCount]
                        ,p.data_compression_desc AS CompressionDescription
                FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats AS s
                    INNER JOIN sys.partitions p WITH (NOLOCK)
                    ON s.[partition_id] = p.[partition_id]
                    AND s.[object_id] = p.[object_id]
                    AND s.index_id = p.index_id
                WHERE s.index_id > 0 -- Exclude HEAPS
                    AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(s.[object_id]) <> 'sys'
                GROUP BY s.[object_id], s.index_id, p.data_compression_desc
            )
            SELECT
                    DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName
                    ,CI1.SchemaName + '.' + CI1.TableName AS 'TableName'
                    ,CI1.IndexName
                    ,CI1.KeyColumns
                    ,CI1.IncludedColumns
                    ,CI1.IndexType
                    ,COALESCE(CSPC.IndexSizeMB,0) AS 'IndexSizeMB'
                    ,COALESCE(CSPC.CompressionDescription, 'NONE') AS 'CompressionDescription'
                    ,COALESCE(CSPC.[RowCount],0) AS 'RowCount'
                    ,CI1.IsDisabled
                    ,CI1.IsFiltered
            FROM CTE_IndexCols AS CI1
                LEFT JOIN CTE_IndexSpace AS CSPC
                ON CI1.[object_id] = CSPC.[object_id]
                AND CI1.index_id = CSPC.index_id
            WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1
                            FROM CTE_IndexCols CI2
                        WHERE CI1.SchemaName = CI2.SchemaName
                            AND CI1.TableName = CI2.TableName
                            AND (
                                        (CI1.KeyColumns like CI2.KeyColumns + '%' and SUBSTRING(CI1.KeyColumns,LEN(CI2.KeyColumns)+1,1) = ' ')
                                    OR (CI2.KeyColumns like CI1.KeyColumns + '%' and SUBSTRING(CI2.KeyColumns,LEN(CI1.KeyColumns)+1,1) = ' ')
                                )
                            AND CI1.IsFiltered = CI2.IsFiltered
                            AND CI1.IndexName <> CI2.IndexName
                        )"
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($database) {
                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -in $database
            } else {
                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible -eq $true
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting indexes from database '$db'."

                    $query = if ($server.versionMajor -eq 9) {
                        if ($IncludeOverlapping) { $overlappingQuery2005 }
                        else { $exactDuplicateQuery2005 }
                    } else {
                        if ($IncludeOverlapping) { $overlappingQuery }
                        else { $exactDuplicateQuery }
                    }

                    $db.Query($query)

                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Query failure" -Target $db
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-SqlDuplicateIndex
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Find-DbaInstance {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Search for SQL Server Instances.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function searches for SQL Server Instances.

        It supports a variety of scans for this purpose which can be separated in two categories:
        - Discovery
        - Scan

        Discovery:
        This is where it compiles a list of computers / addresses to check.
        It supports several methods of generating such lists (including Active Directory lookup or IP Ranges), but also supports specifying a list of computers to check.
        - For details on discovery, see the documentation on the '-DiscoveryType' parameter
        - For details on explicitly providing a list, see the documentation on the '-ComputerName' parameter

        Scan:
        Once a list of computers has been provided, this command will execute a variety of actions to determine any instances present for each of them.
        This is described in more detail in the documentation on the '-ScanType' parameter.
        Additional parameters allow more granular control over individual scans (e.g. Credentials to use).

        Note on logging and auditing:
        The Discovery phase is un-problematic since it is non-intrusive, however during the scan phase, all targeted computers may be accessed repeatedly.
        This may cause issues with security teams, due to many logon events and possibly failed authentication.
        This action constitutes a network scan, which may be illegal depending on the nation you are in and whether you own the network you scan.
        If you are unsure whether you may use this command in your environment, check the detailed description on the '-ScanType' parameter and contact your IT security team for advice.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The computer to scan. Can be a variety of input types, including text or the output of Get-ADComputer.
        Any extra instance information (such as connection strings or live sql server connections) beyond the computername will be discarded.

    .PARAMETER DiscoveryType
        The mechanisms to be used to discover instances.
        Supports any combination of:
        - Service Principal Name lookup ('Domain'; from Active Directory)
        - SQL Instance Enumeration ('DataSourceEnumeration'; same as SSMS uses)
        - IP Address range ('IPRange'; all IP Addresses will be scanned)

        SPN Lookup:
        The function tries to connect active directory to look up all computers with registered SQL Instances.
        Not all instances need to be registered properly, making this not 100% reliable.
        By default, your nearest Domain Controller is contacted for this scan.
        However it is possible to explicitly state the DC to contact using its DistinguishedName and the '-DomainController' parameter.
        If credentials were specified using the '-Credential' parameter, those same credentials are used to perform this lookup, allowing the scan of other domains.

        SQL Instance Enumeration:
        This uses the default UDP Broadcast based instance enumeration used by SSMS to detect instances.
        Note that the result from this is not used in the actual scan, but only to compile a list of computers to scan.
        To enable the same results for the scan, ensure that the 'Browser' scan is enabled.

        IP Address range:
        This 'Discovery' uses a range of IPAddresses and simply passes them on to be tested.
        See the 'Description' part of help on security issues of network scanning.
        By default, it will enumerate all ethernet network adapters on the local computer and scan the entire subnet they are on.
        By using the '-IpAddress' parameter, custom network ranges can be specified.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        The credentials to use on windows network connection.
        These credentials are used for:
        - Contact to domain controllers for SPN lookups (only if explicit Domain Controller is specified)
        - CIM/WMI contact to the scanned computers during the scan phase (see the '-ScanType' parameter documentation on affected scans).

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        The credentials used to connect to SqlInstances to during the scan phase.
        See the '-ScanType' parameter documentation on affected scans.

    .PARAMETER ScanType
    
        The scans are the individual methods used to retrieve information about the scanned computer and any potentially installed instances.
        This parameter is optional, by default all scans except for establishing an actual SQL connection are performed.
        Scans can be specified in any arbitrary combination, however at least one instance detecting scan needs to be specified in order for data to be returned.

        Scans:
         Browser
        - Tries discovering all instances via the browser service
        - This scan detects instances.
    
        SQLService
        - Tries listing all SQL Services using CIM/WMI
        - This scan uses credentials specified in the '-Credential' parameter if any.
        - This scan detects instances.
        - Success in this scan guarantees high confidence (See parameter '-MinimumConfidence' for details).
    
        SPN
        - Tries looking up the Service Principal Names for each instance
        - Will use the nearest Domain Controller by default
        - Target a specific domain controller using the '-DomainController' parameter
        - If using the '-DomainController' parameter, use the '-Credential' parameter to specify the credentials used to connect
    
        TCPPort
        - Tries connecting to the TCP Ports.
        - By default, port 1433 is connected to.
        - The parameter '-TCPPort' can be used to provide a list of port numbers to scan.
        - This scan detects possible instances. Since other services might bind to a given port, this is not the most reliable test.
        - This scan is also used to validate found SPNs if both scans are used in combination
   
        DNSResolve
        - Tries resolving the computername in DNS
    
        Ping
        - Tries pinging the computer. Failure will NOT terminate scans.
    
        SqlConnect
        - Tries to establish a SQL connection to the server
        - Uses windows credentials by default
        - Specify custom credentials using the '-SqlCredential' parameter
        - This scan is not used by default
        - Success in this scan guarantees high confidence (See parameter '-MinimumConfidence' for details).
    
        All
        - All of the above
    
    .PARAMETER IpAddress
        This parameter can be used to override the defaults for the IPRange discovery.
        This parameter accepts a list of strings supporting any combination of:
        - Plain IP Addresses (e.g.: "10.1.1.1")
        - IP Address Ranges (e.g.: "10.1.1.1-10.1.1.5")
        - IP Address & Subnet Mask (e.g.: "10.1.1.1/255.255.255.0")
        - IP Address & Subnet Length: (e.g.: "10.1.1.1/24)
        Overlapping addresses will not result in duplicate scans.

    .PARAMETER DomainController
        The domain controller to contact for SPN lookups / searches.
        Uses the credentials from the '-Credential' parameter if specified.

    .PARAMETER TCPPort
        The ports to scan in the TCP Port Scan method.
        Defaults to 1433.

    .PARAMETER MinimumConfidence
        This command tries to discover instances, which isn't always a sure thing.
        Depending on the number and type of scans completed, we have different levels of confidence in our results.
        By default, we will return anything that we have at least a low confidence of being an instance.
        These are the confidence levels we support and how they are determined:
        - High: Established SQL Connection (including rejection for bad credentials) or service scan.
        - Medium: Browser reply or a combination of TCPConnect _and_ SPN test.
        - Low: Either TCPConnect _or_ SPN
        - None: Computer existence could be verified, but no sign of an SQL Instance

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Instance, Connect, SqlServer
        Author: Scott Sutherland, 2018 NetSPI | Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Outside resources used and modified:
        https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/List-the-IP-addresses-in-a-60c5bb6b

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaInstance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaInstance -DiscoveryType Domain, DataSourceEnumeration

        Performs a network search for SQL Instances by:
        - Looking up the Service Principal Names of computers in active directory
        - Using the UDP broadcast based auto-discovery of SSMS
        After that it will extensively scan all hosts thus discovered for instances.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaInstance -DiscoveryType All

        Performs a network search for SQL Instances, using all discovery protocols:
        - Active directory search for Service Principal Names
        - SQL Instance Enumeration (same as SSMS does)
        - All IPAddresses in the current computer's subnets of all connected network interfaces
        Note: This scan will take a long time, due to including the IP Scan

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-ADComputer -Filter "*" | Find-DbaInstance

        Scans all computers in the domain for SQL Instances, using a deep probe:
        - Tries resolving the name in DNS
        - Tries pinging the computer
        - Tries listing all SQL Services using CIM/WMI
        - Tries discovering all instances via the browser service
        - Tries connecting to the default TCP Port (1433)
        - Tries connecting to the TCP port of each discovered instance
        - Tries to establish a SQL connection to the server using default windows credentials
        - Tries looking up the Service Principal Names for each instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-Content .\servers.txt | Find-DbaInstance -SqlCredential $cred -ScanType Browser, SqlConnect

        Reads all servers from the servers.txt file (one server per line),
        then scans each of them for instances using the browser service
        and finally attempts to connect to each instance found using the specified credentials.
        then scans each of them for instances using the browser service and SqlService

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaInstance -ComputerName localhost | Get-DbaDatabase | Format-Table -Wrap

        Scans localhost for instances using the browser service, traverses all instances for all databases and displays all information in a formatted table.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaInstance -ComputerName localhost | Get-DbaDatabase | Select-Object SqlInstance, Name, Status, RecoveryModel, SizeMB, Compatibility, Owner, LastFullBackup, LastDiffBackup, LastLogBackup | Format-Table -Wrap

        Scans localhost for instances using the browser service, traverses all instances for all databases and displays a subset of the important information in a formatted table.

        Using this method reguarly is not recommended. Use Get-DbaService or Get-DbaCmsRegServer instead.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseApprovedVerbs", "", Justification = "Internal functions are ignored")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Computer', ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Discover')]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceDiscoveryType]$DiscoveryType,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$Credential,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('Default', 'SQLService', 'Browser', 'TCPPort', 'All', 'SPN', 'Ping', 'SqlConnect', 'DNSResolve')]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceScanType[]]$ScanType = "Default",
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Discover')]
        [string[]]$IpAddress,
        [string]$DomainController,
        [int[]]$TCPPort = 1433,
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceConfidenceLevel]$MinimumConfidence = 'Low',
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        #region Utility Functions
        function Test-SqlInstance {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Performs the actual scanning logic

            .DESCRIPTION
                Performs the actual scanning logic
                Each potential target is accessed using the specified scan routines.

            .PARAMETER Target
                The target to scan.

            .EXAMPLE
                PS C:\> Test-SqlInstance
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)][DbaInstance[]]$Target,
                [PSCredential]$Credential,
                [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceScanType]$ScanType,
                [string]$DomainController,
                [int[]]$TCPPort = 1433,
                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceConfidenceLevel]$MinimumConfidence,
                [switch]$EnableException
            )

            begin {
                [System.Collections.ArrayList]$computersScanned = @()
            }

            process {
                foreach ($computer in $Target) {
                    if ($computersScanned.Contains($computer.ComputerName)) {
                        continue
                    } else {
                        $null = $computersScanned.Add($computer.ComputerName)
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing: $($computer)" -Target $computer -FunctionName Find-DbaInstance

                    #region Null variables to prevent scope lookup on conditional existence
                    $resolution = $null
                    $pingReply = $null
                    $sPNs = @()
                    $ports = @()
                    $browseResult = $null
                    $services = @()
                    #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                    #$serverObject = $null
                    #$browseFailed = $false
                    #endregion Null variables to prevent scope lookup on conditional existence

                    #region Gather data
                    if ($ScanType -band [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceScanType]::DNSResolve) {
                        try { $resolution = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($computer.ComputerName) }
                        catch {
                            # here to avoid an empty catch
                            $null = 1
                        }
                    }

                    if ($ScanType -band [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceScanType]::Ping) {
                        $ping = New-Object System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping
                        try { $pingReply = $ping.Send($computer.ComputerName) }
                        catch {
                            # here to avoid an empty catch
                            $null = 1
                        }
                    }

                    if ($ScanType -band [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceScanType]::SPN) {
                        $computerByName = $computer.ComputerName
                        if ($resolution.HostName) { $computerByName = $resolution.HostName }
                        if ($computerByName -notmatch "$([dbargx]::IPv4)|$([dbargx]::IPv6)") {
                            try { $sPNs = Get-DomainSPN -DomainController $DomainController -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $computerByName -GetSPN }
                            catch {
                                # here to avoid an empty catch
                                $null = 1
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    # $ports required for all scans
                    $ports = $TCPPort | Test-TcpPort -ComputerName $computer
                    
                    if ($ScanType -band [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceScanType]::Browser) {
                        try {
                            $browseResult = Get-SQLInstanceBrowserUDP -ComputerName $computer -EnableException
                        } catch {
                            # here to avoid an empty catch
                            $null = 1
                        }
                    }

                    if ($ScanType -band [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceScanType]::SqlService) {
                        if ($Credential) { $services = Get-DbaService -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -EnableException -ErrorAction Ignore -WarningAction SilentlyCOntinue }
                        else { $services = Get-DbaService -ComputerName $computer -ErrorAction Ignore -WarningAction SilentlyContinue }
                    }
                    #endregion Gather data

                    #region Gather list of found instance indicators
                    $instanceNames = @()
                    if ($Services) {
                        $Services | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InstanceName -Unique | Where-Object { $_ -and ($instanceNames -notcontains $_) } | ForEach-Object {
                            $instanceNames += $_
                        }
                    }
                    if ($browseResult) {
                        $browseResult | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InstanceName -Unique | Where-Object { $_ -and ($instanceNames -notcontains $_) } | ForEach-Object {
                            $instanceNames += $_
                        }
                    }

                    $portsDetected = @()
                    foreach ($portResult in $ports) {
                        if ($portResult.IsOpen) { $portsDetected += $portResult.Port }
                    }
                    foreach ($sPN in $sPNs) {
                        try { $inst = $sPN.Split(':')[1] }
                        catch { continue }

                        try {
                            [int]$portNumber = $inst
                            if ($portNumber -and ($portsDetected -notcontains $portNumber)) {
                                $portsDetected += $portNumber
                            }
                        } catch {
                            if ($inst -and ($instanceNames -notcontains $inst)) {
                                $instanceNames += $inst
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion Gather list of found instance indicators

                    #region Case: Nothing found
                    if ((-not $instanceNames) -and (-not $portsDetected)) {
                        if ($resolution -or ($pingReply.Status -like "Success")) {
                            if ($MinimumConfidence -eq [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceConfidenceLevel]::None) {
                                New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceReport -Property @{
                                    MachineName  = $computer.ComputerName
                                    ComputerName = $computer.ComputerName
                                    Ping         = $pingReply.Status -like 'Success'
                                }
                            } else {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Computer $computer could be contacted, but no trace of an SQL Instance was found. Skipping..." -Target $computer -FunctionName Find-DbaInstance
                            }
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Computer $computer could not be contacted, skipping." -Target $computer -FunctionName Find-DbaInstance
                        }

                        continue
                    }
                    #endregion Case: Nothing found

                    [System.Collections.ArrayList]$masterList = @()

                    #region Case: Named instance found
                    foreach ($instance in $instanceNames) {
                        $object = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceReport
                        $object.MachineName = $computer.ComputerName
                        $object.ComputerName = $computer.ComputerName
                        $object.InstanceName = $instance
                        $object.DnsResolution = $resolution
                        $object.Ping = $pingReply.Status -like 'Success'
                        $object.ScanTypes = $ScanType
                        $object.Services = $services | Where-Object InstanceName -EQ $instance
                        $object.SystemServices = $services | Where-Object { -not $_.InstanceName }
                        $object.SPNs = $sPNs

                        if ($result = $browseResult | Where-Object InstanceName -EQ $instance) {
                            $object.BrowseReply = $result
                        }
                        if ($ports) {
                            $object.PortsScanned = $ports
                        }

                        if ($object.BrowseReply) {
                            $object.Confidence = 'Medium'
                            if ($object.BrowseReply.TCPPort) {
                                $object.Port = $object.BrowseReply.TCPPort

                                $object.PortsScanned | Where-Object Port -EQ $object.Port | ForEach-Object {
                                    $object.TcpConnected = $_.IsOpen
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        if ($object.Services) {
                            $object.Confidence = 'High'

                            $engine = $object.Services | Where-Object ServiceType -EQ "Engine"
                            switch ($engine.State) {
                                "Running" { $object.Availability = 'Available' }
                                "Stopped" { $object.Availability = 'Unavailable' }
                                default { $object.Availability = 'Unknown' }
                            }
                        }

                        $object.Timestamp = Get-Date

                        $masterList += $object
                    }
                    #endregion Case: Named instance found

                    #region Case: Port number found
                    foreach ($port in $portsDetected) {
                        if ($masterList.Port -contains $port) { continue }

                        $object = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceReport
                        $object.MachineName = $computer.ComputerName
                        $object.ComputerName = $computer.ComputerName
                        $object.Port = $port
                        $object.DnsResolution = $resolution
                        $object.Ping = $pingReply.Status -like 'Success'
                        $object.ScanTypes = $ScanType
                        $object.SystemServices = $services | Where-Object { -not $_.InstanceName }
                        $object.SPNs = $sPNs
                        $object.Confidence = 'Low'
                        if ($ports) {
                            $object.PortsScanned = $ports

                            if (($ports | Where-Object IsOpen).Port -eq 1433) {
                                $object.Confidence = 'Medium'
                            }
                        }

                        if (($ports.Port -contains $port) -and ($sPNs | Where-Object { $_ -like "*:$port" })) {
                            $object.Confidence = 'Medium'
                        }

                        $object.PortsScanned | Where-Object Port -EQ $object.Port | ForEach-Object {
                            $object.TcpConnected = $_.IsOpen
                        }
                        $object.Timestamp = Get-Date

                        if ($masterList.SqlInstance -contains $object.SqlInstance) {
                            continue
                        }

                        $masterList += $object
                    }
                    #endregion Case: Port number found
                    
                    if ($ScanType -band [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceScanType]::SqlConnect) {
                        $instanceHash = @{ }
                        $toDelete = @()
                        foreach ($dataSet in $masterList) {
                            try {
                                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $dataSet.FullSmoName -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                                $dataSet.SqlConnected = $true
                                $dataSet.Confidence = 'High'

                                # Remove duplicates
                                if ($instanceHash.ContainsKey($server.DomainInstanceName)) {
                                    $toDelete += $dataSet
                                } else {
                                    $instanceHash[$server.DomainInstanceName] = $dataSet

                                    try {
                                        $dataSet.MachineName = $server.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS
                                    } catch {
                                        # here to avoid an empty catch
                                        $null = 1
                                    }
                                }
                            } catch {
                                # Error class definitions
                                # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/errors-events/database-engine-error-severities
                                # 24 or less means an instance was found, but had some issues

                                #region Processing error (Access denied, server error, ...)
                                if ($_.Exception.InnerException.Errors.Class -lt 25) {
                                    # There IS an SQL Instance and it listened to network traffic
                                    $dataSet.SqlConnected = $true
                                    $dataSet.Confidence = 'High'
                                }
                                #endregion Processing error (Access denied, server error, ...)

                                #region Other connection errors
                                else {
                                    $dataSet.SqlConnected = $false
                                }
                                #endregion Other connection errors
                            }
                        }

                        foreach ($item in $toDelete) {
                            $masterList.Remove($item)
                        }
                    }

                    $masterList
                }
            }
        }

        function Get-DomainSPN {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Returns all computernames with registered MSSQL SPNs.

            .DESCRIPTION
                Returns all computernames with registered MSSQL SPNs.

            .PARAMETER DomainController
                The domain controller to ask.

            .PARAMETER Credential
                The credentials to use while asking.

            .PARAMETER ComputerName
                Filter by computername

            .PARAMETER GetSPN
                Returns the service SPNs instead of the hostname

            .EXAMPLE
                PS C:\> Get-DomainSPN -DomainController $DomainController -Credential $Credential

                Returns all computernames with MSQL SPNs known to $DomainController, assuming credentials are valid.
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [string]$DomainController,
                [Pscredential]$Credential,
                [string]$ComputerName = "*",
                [switch]$GetSPN
            )

            try {
                if ($DomainController) {
                    if ($Credential) {
                        $entry = New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry -ArgumentList "LDAP://$DomainController", $Credential.UserName, $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                    } else {
                        $entry = New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry -ArgumentList "LDAP://$DomainController"
                    }
                } else {
                    $entry = [ADSI]''
                }
                $objSearcher = New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher -ArgumentList $entry

                $objSearcher.PageSize = 200
                $objSearcher.Filter = "(&(objectcategory=computer)(servicePrincipalName=MSSQLsvc*)(|(name=$ComputerName)(dnshostname=$ComputerName)))"
                $objSearcher.SearchScope = 'Subtree'

                $results = $objSearcher.FindAll()
                foreach ($computer in $results) {
                    if ($GetSPN) {
                        $computer.Properties["serviceprincipalname"] | Where-Object { $_ -like "MSSQLsvc*:*" }
                    } else {
                        if ($computer.Properties["dnshostname"]) {
                            $computer.Properties["dnshostname"][0]
                        } else {
                            $computer.Properties["name"][0]
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                throw
            }
        }

        function Get-SQLInstanceBrowserUDP {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Requests a list of instances from the browser service.

            .DESCRIPTION
                Requests a list of instances from the browser service.

            .PARAMETER ComputerName
                Computer name or IP address to enumerate SQL Instance from.

            .PARAMETER UDPTimeOut
                Timeout in seconds. Longer timeout = more accurate.

            .PARAMETER EnableException
                By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
                This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
                Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

            .EXAMPLE
                PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceBrowserUDP -ComputerName 'sql2017'

                Contacts the browsing service on sql2017 and requests its instance information.

            .NOTES
                Original Author: Eric Gruber
                Editors:
                - Scott Sutherland (Pipeline and timeout mods)
                - Friedrich Weinmann (Cleanup & dbatools Standardization)

        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)][DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName,
                [int]$UDPTimeOut = 2,
                [switch]$EnableException
            )

            process {
                foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                    try {
                        #region Connect to browser service and receive response
                        $UDPClient = New-Object -TypeName System.Net.Sockets.Udpclient
                        $UDPClient.Client.ReceiveTimeout = $UDPTimeOut * 1000
                        $UDPClient.Connect($computer.ComputerName, 1434)
                        $UDPPacket = 0x03
                        $UDPEndpoint = New-Object -TypeName System.Net.IpEndPoint -ArgumentList ([System.Net.Ipaddress]::Any, 0)
                        $UDPClient.Client.Blocking = $true
                        [void]$UDPClient.Send($UDPPacket, $UDPPacket.Length)
                        $BytesRecived = $UDPClient.Receive([ref]$UDPEndpoint)
                        # Skip first three characters, since those contain trash data (SSRP metadata)
                        #$Response = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($BytesRecived[3..($BytesRecived.Length - 1)])
                        $Response = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($BytesRecived)
                        #endregion Connect to browser service and receive response

                        #region Parse Output
                        $Response | Select-String "(ServerName;(\w+);InstanceName;(\w+);IsClustered;(\w+);Version;(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+);(tcp;(\d+)){0,1})" -AllMatches | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Matches | ForEach-Object {
                            $obj = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaBrowserReply -Property @{
                                MachineName  = $computer.ComputerName
                                ComputerName = $_.Groups[2].Value
                                SqlInstance  = "$($_.Groups[2].Value)\$($_.Groups[3].Value)"
                                InstanceName = $_.Groups[3].Value
                                Version      = $_.Groups[5].Value
                                IsClustered  = "Yes" -eq $_.Groups[4].Value
                            }
                            if ($_.Groups[7].Success) {
                                $obj.TCPPort = $_.Groups[7].Value
                            }
                            $obj
                        }
                        #endregion Parse Output

                        $UDPClient.Close()
                    } catch {
                        try {
                            $UDPClient.Close()
                        } catch {
                            # here to avoid an empty catch
                            $null = 1
                        }

                        if ($EnableException) { throw }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Test-TcpPort {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Tests whether a TCP Port is open or not.

            .DESCRIPTION
                Tests whether a TCP Port is open or not.

            .PARAMETER ComputerName
                The name of the computer to scan.

            .PARAMETER Port
                The port(s) to scan.

            .EXAMPLE
                PS C:\> $ports | Test-TcpPort -ComputerName "foo"

                Tests for each port in $ports whether the TCP port is open on computer "foo"
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [DbaInstance]$ComputerName,
                [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)][int[]]$Port
            )

            begin {
                $client = New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient
            }
            process {
                foreach ($item in $Port) {
                    try {
                        $client.Connect($ComputerName.ComputerName, $item)
                        if ($client.Connected) {
                            $client.Close()
                            New-Object -TypeName Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaPortReport -ArgumentList $ComputerName.ComputerName, $item, $true
                        } else {
                            New-Object -TypeName Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaPortReport -ArgumentList $ComputerName.ComputerName, $item, $false
                        }
                    } catch {
                        New-Object -TypeName Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaPortReport -ArgumentList $ComputerName.ComputerName, $item, $false
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Get-IPrange {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Get the IP addresses in a range

            .DESCRIPTION
                A detailed description of the Get-IPrange function.

            .PARAMETER Start
                A description of the Start parameter.

            .PARAMETER End
                A description of the End parameter.

            .PARAMETER IPAddress
                A description of the IPAddress parameter.

            .PARAMETER Mask
                A description of the Mask parameter.

            .PARAMETER Cidr
                A description of the Cidr parameter.

            .EXAMPLE
                Get-IPrange -Start 192.168.8.2 -End 192.168.8.20

            .EXAMPLE
                Get-IPrange -IPAddress 192.168.8.2 -Mask 255.255.255.0

            .EXAMPLE
                Get-IPrange -IPAddress 192.168.8.3 -Cidr 24

            .NOTES
                Author: BarryCWT
                Reference: https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/List-the-IP-addresses-in-a-60c5bb6b
        #>

            param
            (
                [string]$Start,
                [string]$End,
                [string]$IPAddress,
                [string]$Mask,
                [int]$Cidr
            )

            function IP-toINT64 {
                param ($ip)

                $octets = $ip.split(".")
                return [int64]([int64]$octets[0] * 16777216 + [int64]$octets[1] * 65536 + [int64]$octets[2] * 256 + [int64]$octets[3])
            }

            function INT64-toIP {
                param ([int64]$int)

                return ([System.Net.IPAddress](([math]::truncate($int / 16777216)).tostring() + "." + ([math]::truncate(($int % 16777216) / 65536)).tostring() + "." + ([math]::truncate(($int % 65536) / 256)).tostring() + "." + ([math]::truncate($int % 256)).tostring()))
            }

            if ($Cidr) {
                $maskaddr = [Net.IPAddress]::Parse((INT64-toIP -int ([convert]::ToInt64(("1" * $Cidr + "0" * (32 - $Cidr)), 2))))
            }
            if ($Mask) {
                $maskaddr = [Net.IPAddress]::Parse($Mask)
            }
            if ($IPAddress) {
                $ipaddr = [Net.IPAddress]::Parse($IPAddress)
                $networkaddr = new-object net.ipaddress ($maskaddr.address -band $ipaddr.address)
                $broadcastaddr = new-object net.ipaddress (([system.net.ipaddress]::parse("255.255.255.255").address -bxor $maskaddr.address -bor $networkaddr.address))
                $startaddr = IP-toINT64 -ip $networkaddr.ipaddresstostring
                $endaddr = IP-toINT64 -ip $broadcastaddr.ipaddresstostring
            } else {
                $startaddr = IP-toINT64 -ip $Start
                $endaddr = IP-toINT64 -ip $End
            }

            for ($i = $startaddr; $i -le $endaddr; $i++) {
                INT64-toIP -int $i
            }
        }

        function Resolve-IPRange {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Returns a number of IPAddresses based on range specified.

            .DESCRIPTION
                Returns a number of IPAddresses based on range specified.
                Warning: A too large range can lead to memory exceptions.

                Scans subnet of active computer if no address is specified.

            .PARAMETER IpAddress
                The address / range / mask / cidr to scan. Example input:
                - 10.1.1.1
                - 10.1.1.1/24
                - 10.1.1.1-10.1.1.254
                - 10.1.1.1/255.255.255.0
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [AllowEmptyString()][string]$IpAddress
            )

            #region Scan defined range
            if ($IpAddress) {
                #region Determine processing mode
                $mode = 'Unknown'
                if ($IpAddress -like "*/*") {
                    $parts = $IpAddress.Split("/")

                    $address = $parts[0]
                    if ($parts[1] -match ([dbargx]::IPv4)) {
                        $mask = $parts[1]
                        $mode = 'Mask'
                    } elseif ($parts[1] -as [int]) {
                        $cidr = [int]$parts[1]

                        if (($cidr -lt 8) -or ($cidr -gt 31)) {
                            throw "$IpAddress does not contain a valid cidr mask!"
                        }

                        $mode = 'CIDR'
                    } else {
                        throw "$IpAddress is not a valid IP Range!"
                    }
                } elseif ($IpAddress -like "*-*") {
                    $rangeStart = $IpAddress.Split("-")[0]
                    $rangeEnd = $IpAddress.Split("-")[1]

                    if ($rangeStart -notmatch ([dbargx]::IPv4)) {
                        throw "$IpAddress is not a valid IP Range!"
                    }
                    if ($rangeEnd -notmatch ([dbargx]::IPv4)) {
                        throw "$IpAddress is not a valid IP Range!"
                    }

                    $mode = 'Range'
                } else {
                    if ($IpAddress -notmatch ([dbargx]::IPv4)) {
                        throw "$IpAddress is not a valid IP Address!"
                    }
                    return $IpAddress
                }
                #endregion Determine processing mode

                switch ($mode) {
                    'CIDR' {
                        Get-IPrange -IPAddress $address -Cidr $cidr
                    }
                    'Mask' {
                        Get-IPrange -IPAddress $address -Mask $mask
                    }
                    'Range' {
                        Get-IPrange -Start $rangeStart -End $rangeEnd
                    }
                }
            }
            #endregion Scan defined range

            #region Scan own computer range
            else {
                foreach ($interface in ([System.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkInterface]::GetAllNetworkInterfaces() | Where-Object NetworkInterfaceType -Like '*Ethernet*')) {
                    foreach ($property in ($interface.GetIPProperties().UnicastAddresses | Where-Object { $_.Address.AddressFamily -like "InterNetwork" })) {
                        Get-IPrange -IPAddress $property.Address -Cidr $property.PrefixLength
                    }
                }
            }
            #endregion Scan own computer range
        }
        #endregion Utility Functions

        #region Build parameter Splat for scan
        $paramTestSqlInstance = @{
            ScanType          = $ScanType
            TCPPort           = $TCPPort
            EnableException   = $EnableException
            MinimumConfidence = $MinimumConfidence
        }

        # Only specify when passed by user to avoid credential prompts on PS3/4
        if ($SqlCredential) {
            $paramTestSqlInstance["SqlCredential"] = $SqlCredential
        }
        if ($Credential) {
            $paramTestSqlInstance["Credential"] = $Credential
        }
        if ($DomainController) {
            $paramTestSqlInstance["DomainController"] = $DomainController
        }
        #endregion Build parameter Splat for scan

        # Prepare item processing in a pipeline compliant way
        $wrappedCmd = $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.GetCommand('Test-SqlInstance', [System.Management.Automation.CommandTypes]::Function)
        $scriptCmd = {
            & $wrappedCmd @paramTestSqlInstance
        }
        $steppablePipeline = $scriptCmd.GetSteppablePipeline()
        $steppablePipeline.Begin($true)
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        #region Process items or discover stuff
        switch ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {
            'Computer' {
                $ComputerName | Invoke-SteppablePipeline -Pipeline $steppablePipeline
            }
            'Discover' {
                #region Discovery: DataSource Enumeration
                if ($DiscoveryType -band ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceDiscoveryType]::DataSourceEnumeration)) {
                    try {
                        # Discover instances
                        foreach ($instance in ([System.Data.Sql.SqlDataSourceEnumerator]::Instance.GetDataSources())) {
                            if ($instance.InstanceName -ne [System.DBNull]::Value) {
                                $steppablePipeline.Process("$($instance.Servername)\$($instance.InstanceName)")
                            } else {
                                $steppablePipeline.Process($instance.Servername)
                            }
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Datasource enumeration failed" -ErrorRecord $_ -EnableException $EnableException.ToBool()
                    }
                }
                #endregion Discovery: DataSource Enumeration

                #region Discovery: SPN Search
                if ($DiscoveryType -band ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceDiscoveryType]::Domain)) {
                    try {
                        Get-DomainSPN -DomainController $DomainController -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Invoke-SteppablePipeline -Pipeline $steppablePipeline
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to execute Service Principal Name discovery" -ErrorRecord $_ -EnableException $EnableException.ToBool()
                    }
                }
                #endregion Discovery: SPN Search

                #region Discovery: IP Range
                if ($DiscoveryType -band ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Discovery.DbaInstanceDiscoveryType]::IPRange)) {
                    if ($IpAddress) {
                        foreach ($address in $IpAddress) {
                            Resolve-IPRange -IpAddress $address | Invoke-SteppablePipeline -Pipeline $steppablePipeline
                        }
                    } else {
                        Resolve-IPRange | Invoke-SteppablePipeline -Pipeline $steppablePipeline
                    }
                }
                #endregion Discovery: IP Range
            }
            default {
                Stop-Function -Message "Invalid parameterset, some developer probably had a beer too much. Please file an issue so we can fix this" -EnableException $EnableException
                return
            }
        }
        #endregion Process items or discover stuff
    }

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }
        $steppablePipeline.End()
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Find-DbaLoginInGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Finds Logins in Active Directory groups that have logins on the SQL Instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Outputs all the active directory groups members for a server, or limits it to find a specific AD user in the groups

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        PSCredential object to connect under. If not specified, current Windows login will be used.

    .PARAMETER Login
        Find all AD Groups used on the instance that an individual login is a member of.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Login, Group, Security
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/ | Simone Bizzotto (@niphlod)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaLoginInGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaLoginInGroup -SqlInstance DEV01 -Login "MyDomain\Stephen.Bennett"

        Returns all active directory groups with logins on Sql Instance DEV01 that contain the AD user Stephen.Bennett.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaLoginInGroup -SqlInstance DEV01

        Returns all active directory users within all windows AD groups that have logins on the instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaLoginInGroup -SqlInstance DEV01 | Where-Object Login -like '*stephen*'

        Returns all active directory users within all windows AD groups that have logins on the instance whose login contains "stephen"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "", Justification = "Internal functions are ignored")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -AssemblyName System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to load Assembly needed" -ErrorRecord $_
        }

        function Get-AllLogins {
            param
            (
                [string]$ADGroup,
                [string[]]$discard,
                [string]$ParentADGroup
            )
            begin {
                $output = @()
            }
            process {
                try {
                    $domain = $AdGroup.Split("\")[0]
                    $ads = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.PrincipalContext('Domain', $domain)
                    [string]$groupName = $AdGroup
                    $group = [System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement.GroupPrincipal]::FindByIdentity($ads, $groupName);
                    $subgroups = @()
                    foreach ($member in $group.Members) {
                        $memberDomain = $member.DistinguishedName -Split "," | Where-Object { $_ -like "DC=*" } | Select-Object -first 1 | ForEach-Object { $_.ToUpper() -replace "DC=", '' }
                        if ($member.StructuralObjectClass -eq "group") {
                            $fullName = $memberDomain + "\" + $member.SamAccountName
                            if ($fullName -in $discard) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "skipping $fullName, already enumerated"
                                continue
                            } else {
                                $subgroups += $fullName
                            }
                        } else {
                            $output += [PSCustomObject]@{
                                SqlInstance        = $server.Name
                                InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                                ComputerName       = $server.ComputerName
                                Login              = $memberDomain + "\" + $member.SamAccountName
                                DisplayName        = $member.DisplayName
                                MemberOf           = $AdGroup
                                ParentADGroupLogin = $ParentADGroup
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to Group: $member." -Target $member -ErrorRecord $_
                }
                $discard += $ADGroup
                foreach ($gr in $subgroups) {
                    if ($gr -notin $discard) {
                        $discard += $gr
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking at $gr, recursively."
                        Get-AllLogins -ADGroup $gr -discard $discard -ParentADGroup $ParentADGroup
                    }
                }
            }
            end {
                $output
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $AdGroups = $server.Logins | Where-Object { $_.LoginType -eq "WindowsGroup" -and $_.Name -ne "BUILTIN\Administrators" -and $_.Name -notlike "*NT SERVICE*" }

            foreach ($AdGroup in $AdGroups) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking at Group: $AdGroup"
                $ADGroupOut += Get-AllLogins $AdGroup.Name -ParentADGroup $AdGroup.Name
            }

            if (-not $Login) {
                $res = $ADGroupOut
            } else {
                $res = $ADGroupOut | Where-Object { $Login -contains $_.Login }
                if ($res.Length -eq 0) {
                    continue
                }
            }
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $res -Property SqlInstance, Login, DisplayName, MemberOf, ParentADGroupLogin
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Find-DbaOrphanedFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Find-DbaOrphanedFile finds orphaned database files. Orphaned database files are files not associated with any attached database.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command searches all directories associated with SQL database files for database files that are not currently in use by the SQL Server instance.

        By default, it looks for orphaned .mdf, .ldf and .ndf files in the root\data directory, the default data path, the default log path, the system paths and any directory in use by any attached directory.

        You can specify additional filetypes using the -FileType parameter, and additional paths to search using the -Path parameter.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies one or more directories to search in addition to the default data and log directories.

    .PARAMETER FileType
        Specifies file extensions other than mdf, ldf and ndf to search for. Do not include the dot (".") when specifying the extension.

    .PARAMETER LocalOnly
        If this switch is enabled, only local filenames will be returned. Using this switch with multiple servers is not recommended since it does not return the associated server name.

    .PARAMETER RemoteOnly
        If this switch is enabled, only remote filenames will be returned.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Orphan, Database, DatabaseFile
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

        Thanks to Paul Randal's notes on FILESTREAM which can be found at http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/filestream-directory-structure/

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaOrphanedFile

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaOrphanedFile -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Connects to sqlserver2014a, authenticating with Windows credentials, and searches for orphaned files. Returns server name, local filename, and unc path to file.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaOrphanedFile -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred

        Connects to sqlserver2014a, authenticating with SQL Server authentication, and searches for orphaned files. Returns server name, local filename, and unc path to file.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaOrphanedFile -SqlInstance sql2014 -Path 'E:\Dir1', 'E:\Dir2'

        Finds the orphaned files in "E:\Dir1" and "E:Dir2" in addition to the default directories.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaOrphanedFile -SqlInstance sql2014 -LocalOnly

        Returns only the local file paths for orphaned files.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaOrphanedFile -SqlInstance sql2014 -RemoteOnly

        Returns only the remote file path for orphaned files.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaOrphanedFile -SqlInstance sql2014, sql2016 -FileType fsf, mld

        Finds the orphaned ending with ".fsf" and ".mld" in addition to the default filetypes ".mdf", ".ldf", ".ndf" for both the servers sql2014 and sql2016.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [pscredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Path,
        [string[]]$FileType,
        [switch]$LocalOnly,
        [switch]$RemoteOnly,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Get-SQLDirTreeQuery {
            param($PathList)
            # use sysaltfiles in lower versions

            $q1 = "CREATE TABLE #enum ( id int IDENTITY, fs_filename nvarchar(512), depth int, is_file int, parent nvarchar(512) ); DECLARE @dir nvarchar(512);"
            $q2 = "SET @dir = 'dirname';

                INSERT INTO #enum( fs_filename, depth, is_file )
                EXEC xp_dirtree @dir, 1, 1;

                UPDATE #enum
                SET parent = @dir,
                fs_filename = ltrim(rtrim(fs_filename))
                WHERE parent IS NULL;"

            $query_files_sql = "SELECT e.fs_filename AS filename, e.parent
                    FROM #enum AS e
                    WHERE e.fs_filename NOT IN( 'xtp', '5', '`$FSLOG', '`$HKv2', 'filestream.hdr' )
                    AND is_file = 1;"

            # build the query string based on how many directories they want to enumerate
            $sql = $q1
            $sql += $($PathList | Where-Object { $_ -ne '' } | ForEach-Object { "$([System.Environment]::Newline)$($q2 -Replace 'dirname', $_)" })
            $sql += $query_files_sql
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
            return $sql
        }
        function Get-SqlFileStructure {
            param
            (
                [Parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1)]
                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.SqlSmoObject]$smoserver
            )
            if ($smoserver.versionMajor -eq 8) {
                $sql = "select filename from sysaltfiles"
            } else {
                $sql = "select physical_name as filename from sys.master_files"
            }

            $dbfiletable = $smoserver.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql)
            $ftfiletable = $dbfiletable.Tables[0].Clone()
            $dbfiletable.Tables[0].TableName = "data"

            # Add support for Full Text Catalogs in Sql Server 2005 and below
            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
                $databaselist = $smoserver.Databases | Select-Object -property  Name, IsFullTextEnabled
                foreach ($db in $databaselist) {
                    if ($db.IsFullTextEnabled -eq $false) {
                        continue
                    }
                    $database = $db.name
                    $fttable = $null = $smoserver.Databases[$database].ExecuteWithResults('sp_help_fulltext_catalogs')
                    foreach ($ftc in $fttable.Tables[0].rows) {
                        $null = $ftfiletable.Rows.add($ftc.Path)
                    }
                }
            }

            $null = $dbfiletable.Tables.Add($ftfiletable)
            return $dbfiletable.Tables.Filename
        }

        function Format-Path {
            param ($path)

            $path = $path.Trim()
            #Thank you windows 2000
            $path = $path -replace '[^A-Za-z0-9 _\.\-\\:]', '__'
            return $path
        }

        $FileType += "mdf", "ldf", "ndf"
        $systemfiles = "distmdl.ldf", "distmdl.mdf", "mssqlsystemresource.ldf", "mssqlsystemresource.mdf"

        $FileTypeComparison = $FileType | ForEach-Object {$_.ToLower()} | Where-Object { $_ } | Sort-Object | Get-Unique
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            # Reset all the arrays
            $dirtreefiles = $valid = $paths = $matching = @()

            $filestructure = Get-SqlFileStructure $server

            # Get any paths associated with current data and log files
            foreach ($file in $filestructure) {
                $paths += Split-Path -Path $file -Parent
            }

            # Get the default data and log directories from the instance
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Adding paths"
            $paths += $server.RootDirectory + "\DATA"
            $paths += Get-SqlDefaultPaths $server data
            $paths += Get-SqlDefaultPaths $server log
            $paths += $server.MasterDBPath
            $paths += $server.MasterDBLogPath
            $paths += $Path
            $paths = $paths | ForEach-Object { "$_".TrimEnd("\") } | Sort-Object | Get-Unique
            $sql = Get-SQLDirTreeQuery $paths
            $datatable = $server.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables[0]

            foreach ($row in $datatable) {
                $fullpath = [IO.Path]::combine($row.parent, $row.filename)
                $dirtreefiles += [pscustomobject]@{
                    FullPath   = $fullpath
                    Comparison = [IO.Path]::GetFullPath($(Format-Path $fullpath))
                }
            }
            $dirtreefiles = $dirtreefiles | Where-Object { $_ } | Sort-Object Comparison -Unique

            foreach ($file in $filestructure) {
                $valid += [IO.Path]::GetFullPath($(Format-Path $file))
            }

            $valid = $valid | Sort-Object | Get-Unique

            foreach ($file in $dirtreefiles.Comparison) {
                foreach ($type in $FileTypeComparison) {
                    if ($file.ToLower().EndsWith($type)) {
                        $matching += $file
                        break
                    }
                }
            }

            $dirtreematcher = @{}
            foreach ($el in $dirtreefiles) {
                $dirtreematcher[$el.Comparison] = $el.Fullpath
            }

            foreach ($file in $matching) {
                if ($file -notin $valid) {
                    $fullpath = $dirtreematcher[$file]

                    $filename = Split-Path $fullpath -Leaf

                    if ($filename -in $systemfiles) { continue }

                    $result = [pscustomobject]@{
                        Server         = $server.name
                        ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Filename       = $fullpath
                        RemoteFilename = Join-AdminUnc -Servername $server.ComputerName -Filepath $fullpath
                    }

                    if ($LocalOnly -eq $true) {
                        ($result | Select-Object filename).filename
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($RemoteOnly -eq $true) {
                        ($result | Select-Object remotefilename).remotefilename
                        continue
                    }

                    $result | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Filename, RemoteFilename

                }
            }

        }
    }
    end {
        if ($result.count -eq 0) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No orphaned files found"
        }
    }
}
function Find-DbaSimilarTable {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns all tables/views that are similar in structure by comparing the column names of matching and matched tables/views

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function can either run against specific databases or all databases searching all/specific tables and views including in system databases.
        Typically one would use this to find for example archive version(s) of a table whose structures are similar.
        This can also be used to find tables/views that are very similar to a given table/view structure to see where a table/view might be used.

        More information can be found here: https://sqljana.wordpress.com/2017/03/31/sql-server-find-tables-with-similar-table-structure/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER SchemaName
        If you are looking in a specific schema whose table structures is to be used as reference structure, provide the name of the schema.
        If no schema is provided, looks at all schemas

    .PARAMETER TableName
        If you are looking in a specific table whose structure is to be used as reference structure, provide the name of the table.
        If no table is provided, looks at all tables
        If the table name exists in multiple schemas, all of them would qualify

    .PARAMETER ExcludeViews
        By default, views are included. You can exclude them by setting this switch to $false
        This excludes views in both matching and matched list

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDatabases
        By default system databases are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter

    .PARAMETER MatchPercentThreshold
        The minimum percentage of column names that should match between the matching and matched objects.
        Entries with no matches are eliminated

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Table
        Author: Jana Sattainathan (@SQLJana), http://sqljana.wordpress.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaSimilarTable

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaSimilarTable -SqlInstance DEV01

        Searches all user database tables and views for each, returns all tables or views with their matching tables/views and match percent

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaSimilarTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database AdventureWorks

        Searches AdventureWorks database and lists tables/views and their corresponding matching tables/views with match percent

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaSimilarTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database AdventureWorks -SchemaName HumanResource

        Searches AdventureWorks database and lists tables/views in the HumanResource schema with their corresponding matching tables/views with match percent

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaSimilarTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database AdventureWorks -SchemaName HumanResource -Table Employee

        Searches AdventureWorks database and lists tables/views in the HumanResource schema and table Employee with its corresponding matching tables/views with match percent

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaSimilarTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database AdventureWorks -MatchPercentThreshold 60

        Searches AdventureWorks database and lists all tables/views with its corresponding matching tables/views with match percent greater than or equal to 60

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [string]$SchemaName,
        [string]$TableName,
        [switch]$ExcludeViews,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDatabases,
        [int]$MatchPercentThreshold,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $everyServerVwCount = 0

        $sqlSelect = "WITH ColCountsByTable
                AS
                (
                      SELECT
                            c.TABLE_CATALOG,
                            c.TABLE_SCHEMA,
                            c.TABLE_NAME,
                            COUNT(1) AS Column_Count
                      FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
                      GROUP BY
                            c.TABLE_CATALOG,
                            c.TABLE_SCHEMA,
                            c.TABLE_NAME
                )
                SELECT
                      100 * COUNT(c2.COLUMN_NAME) /*Matching_Column_Count*/ / MIN(ColCountsByTable.Column_Count) /*Column_Count*/ AS MatchPercent,
                      DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY c.TABLE_CATALOG, c.TABLE_SCHEMA, c.TABLE_NAME) TableNameRankInDB,
                      c.TABLE_CATALOG AS DatabaseName,
                      c.TABLE_SCHEMA AS SchemaName,
                      c.TABLE_NAME AS TableName,
                      t.TABLE_TYPE AS TableType,
                      MIN(ColCountsByTable.Column_Count) AS ColumnCount,
                      c2.TABLE_CATALOG AS MatchingDatabaseName,
                      c2.TABLE_SCHEMA AS MatchingSchemaName,
                      c2.TABLE_NAME AS MatchingTableName,
                      t2.TABLE_TYPE AS MatchingTableType,
                      COUNT(c2.COLUMN_NAME) AS MatchingColumnCount
                FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES t
                      INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
                            ON t.TABLE_CATALOG = c.TABLE_CATALOG
                                  AND t.TABLE_SCHEMA = c.TABLE_SCHEMA
                                  AND t.TABLE_NAME = c.TABLE_NAME
                      INNER JOIN ColCountsByTable
                            ON t.TABLE_CATALOG = ColCountsByTable.TABLE_CATALOG
                                  AND t.TABLE_SCHEMA = ColCountsByTable.TABLE_SCHEMA
                                  AND t.TABLE_NAME = ColCountsByTable.TABLE_NAME
                      LEFT OUTER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c2
                            ON t.TABLE_NAME != c2.TABLE_NAME
                                  AND c.COLUMN_NAME = c2.COLUMN_NAME
                      LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES t2
                            ON c2.TABLE_NAME = t2.TABLE_NAME"

        $sqlWhere = "
                WHERE "

        $sqlGroupBy = "
                GROUP BY
                      c.TABLE_CATALOG,
                      c.TABLE_SCHEMA,
                      c.TABLE_NAME,
                      t.TABLE_TYPE,
                      c2.TABLE_CATALOG,
                      c2.TABLE_SCHEMA,
                      c2.TABLE_NAME,
                      t2.TABLE_TYPE "

        $sqlHaving = "
                HAVING
                    /*Match_Percent should be greater than 0 at minimum!*/
                    "

        $sqlOrderBy = "
                ORDER BY
                      MatchPercent DESC"


        $sql = ''
        $wherearray = @()

        if ($ExcludeViews) {
            $wherearray += " (t.TABLE_TYPE <> 'VIEW' AND t2.TABLE_TYPE <> 'VIEW') "
        }

        if ($SchemaName) {
            $wherearray += (" (c.TABLE_SCHEMA = '{0}') " -f $SchemaName.Replace("'", "''")) #Replace single quotes with two single quotes!
        }

        if ($TableName) {
            $wherearray += (" (c.TABLE_NAME = '{0}') " -f $TableName.Replace("'", "''")) #Replace single quotes with two single quotes!

        }

        if ($wherearray.length -gt 0) {
            $sqlWhere = "$sqlWhere " + ($wherearray -join " AND ")
        } else {
            $sqlWhere = ""
        }


        $matchThreshold = 0
        if ($MatchPercentThreshold) {
            $matchThreshold = $MatchPercentThreshold
        } else {
            $matchThreshold = 0
        }

        $sqlHaving += (" (100 * COUNT(c2.COLUMN_NAME) / MIN(ColCountsByTable.Column_Count) >= {0}) " -f $matchThreshold)



        $sql = "$sqlSelect $sqlWhere $sqlGroupBy $sqlHaving $sqlOrderBy"

        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

    }

    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }


            #Use IsAccessible instead of Status -eq 'normal' because databases that are on readable secondaries for AG or mirroring replicas will cause errors to be thrown
            if ($IncludeSystemDatabases) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -eq $true }
            } else {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -eq $true -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }


            $totalCount = 0
            $dbCount = $dbs.count
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Searching on database $db"
                $rows = $db.Query($sql)

                foreach ($row in $rows) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName              = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName              = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance               = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Table                     = "$($row.DatabaseName).$($row.SchemaName).$($row.TableName)"
                        MatchingTable             = "$($row.MatchingDatabaseName).$($row.MatchingSchemaName).$($row.MatchingTableName)"
                        MatchPercent              = $row.MatchPercent
                        OriginalDatabaseName      = $row.DatabaseName
                        OriginalSchemaName        = $row.SchemaName
                        OriginalTableName         = $row.TableName
                        OriginalTableNameRankInDB = $row.TableNameRankInDB
                        OriginalTableType         = $row.TableType
                        OriginalColumnCount       = $row.ColumnCount
                        MatchingDatabaseName      = $row.MatchingDatabaseName
                        MatchingSchemaName        = $row.MatchingSchemaName
                        MatchingTableName         = $row.MatchingTableName
                        MatchingTableType         = $row.MatchingTableType
                        MatchingColumnCount       = $row.MatchingColumnCount
                    }
                }

                $vwCount = $vwCount + $rows.Count
                $totalCount = $totalCount + $rows.Count
                $everyServerVwCount = $everyServerVwCount + $rows.Count

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found $vwCount tables/views in $db"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found $totalCount total tables/views in $dbCount databases"
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found $everyServerVwCount total tables/views"
    }
}
function Find-DbaStoredProcedure {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns all stored procedures that contain a specific case-insensitive string or regex pattern.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function can either run against specific databases or all databases searching all user or user and system stored procedures.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER Pattern
        String pattern that you want to search for in the stored procedure text body

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemObjects
        By default, system stored procedures are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter.

        Warning - this will likely make it super slow if you run it on all databases.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDatabases
        By default system databases are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: StoredProcedure, Proc
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaStoredProcedure

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaStoredProcedure -SqlInstance DEV01 -Pattern whatever

        Searches all user databases stored procedures for "whatever" in the text body

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaStoredProcedure -SqlInstance sql2016 -Pattern '\w+@\w+\.\w+'

        Searches all databases for all stored procedures that contain a valid email pattern in the text body

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaStoredProcedure -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database MyDB -Pattern 'some string' -Verbose

        Searches in "mydb" database stored procedures for "some string" in the text body

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaStoredProcedure -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database MyDB -Pattern RUNTIME -IncludeSystemObjects

        Searches in "mydb" database stored procedures for "runtime" in the text body

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Pattern,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemObjects,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDatabases,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(p.object_id) as ProcSchema, p.name, m.definition as TextBody FROM sys.sql_modules m, sys.procedures p WHERE m.object_id = p.object_id"
        if (!$IncludeSystemObjects) { $sql = "$sql AND p.is_ms_shipped = 0" }
        $everyserverspcount = 0
    }
    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to: $Instance"
                continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This command only supports SQL Server 2005 and above."
                Continue
            }

            if ($IncludeSystemDatabases) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "normal" }
            } else {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "normal" -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            $totalcount = 0
            $dbcount = $dbs.count
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Searching on database $db"

                # If system objects aren't needed, find stored procedure text using SQL
                # This prevents SMO from having to enumerate

                if (!$IncludeSystemObjects) {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    $rows = $db.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows
                    $sproccount = 0

                    foreach ($row in $rows) {
                        $totalcount++; $sproccount++; $everyserverspcount++

                        $procSchema = $row.ProcSchema
                        $proc = $row.Name

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in stored procedure: $procSchema.$proc textBody for $pattern"
                        if ($row.TextBody -match $Pattern) {
                            $sp = $db.StoredProcedures | Where-Object {$_.Schema -eq $procSchema -and $_.Name -eq $proc}

                            $StoredProcedureText = $sp.TextBody.split("`n")
                            $spTextFound = $StoredProcedureText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName             = $server.ComputerName
                                SqlInstance              = $server.ServiceName
                                Database                 = $db.Name
                                Schema                   = $sp.Schema
                                Name                     = $sp.Name
                                Owner                    = $sp.Owner
                                IsSystemObject           = $sp.IsSystemObject
                                CreateDate               = $sp.CreateDate
                                LastModified             = $sp.DateLastModified
                                StoredProcedureTextFound = $spTextFound -join "`n"
                                StoredProcedure          = $sp
                                StoredProcedureFullText  = $sp.TextBody
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty StoredProcedure, StoredProcedureFullText
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    $storedprocedures = $db.StoredProcedures

                    foreach ($sp in $storedprocedures) {
                        $totalcount++; $sproccount++; $everyserverspcount++

                        $procSchema = $sp.Schema
                        $proc = $sp.Name

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in stored procedure $procSchema.$proc textBody for $pattern"
                        if ($sp.TextBody -match $Pattern) {

                            $StoredProcedureText = $sp.TextBody.split("`n")
                            $spTextFound = $StoredProcedureText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName             = $server.ComputerName
                                SqlInstance              = $server.ServiceName
                                Database                 = $db.Name
                                Schema                   = $sp.Schema
                                Name                     = $sp.Name
                                Owner                    = $sp.Owner
                                IsSystemObject           = $sp.IsSystemObject
                                CreateDate               = $sp.CreateDate
                                LastModified             = $sp.DateLastModified
                                StoredProcedureTextFound = $spTextFound -join "`n"
                                StoredProcedure          = $sp
                                StoredProcedureFullText  = $sp.TextBody
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty StoredProcedure, StoredProcedureFullText
                        }
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $sproccount stored procedures in $db"
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $totalcount total stored procedures in $dbcount databases"
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $everyserverspcount total stored procedures"
    }
}
function Find-DbaTrigger {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns all triggers that contain a specific case-insensitive string or regex pattern.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function search on Instance, Database and Object level.
        If you specify one or more databases, search on Server level will not be preformed.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER Pattern
        String pattern that you want to search for in the trigger text body

    .PARAMETER TriggerLevel
        Allows specify the trigger level that you want to search. By default is All (Server, Database, Object).

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemObjects
        By default, system triggers are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter.

        Warning - this will likely make it super slow if you run it on all databases.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDatabases
        By default system databases are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Trigger
        Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaTrigger

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaTrigger -SqlInstance DEV01 -Pattern whatever

        Searches all user databases triggers for "whatever" in the text body

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaTrigger -SqlInstance sql2016 -Pattern '\w+@\w+\.\w+'

        Searches all databases for all triggers that contain a valid email pattern in the text body

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaTrigger -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database MyDB -Pattern 'some string' -Verbose

        Searches in "mydb" database triggers for "some string" in the text body

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaTrigger -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database MyDB -Pattern RUNTIME -IncludeSystemObjects

        Searches in "mydb" database triggers for "runtime" in the text body

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Pattern,
        [ValidateSet('All', 'Server', 'Database', 'Object')]
        [string]$TriggerLevel = 'All',
        [switch]$IncludeSystemObjects,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDatabases,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sqlDatabaseTriggers = "SELECT tr.name, m.definition as TextBody FROM sys.sql_modules m, sys.triggers tr WHERE m.object_id = tr.object_id AND tr.parent_class = 0"

        $sqlTableTriggers = "SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(tr.parent_id) TableSchema, OBJECT_NAME(tr.parent_id) AS TableName, tr.name, m.definition as TextBody FROM sys.sql_modules m, sys.triggers tr WHERE m.object_id = tr.object_id AND tr.parent_class = 1"
        if (!$IncludeSystemObjects) { $sqlTableTriggers = "$sqlTableTriggers AND tr.is_ms_shipped = 0" }

        $everyserverstcount = 0
    }
    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to: $Instance"
                continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This command only supports SQL Server 2005 and above."
                Continue
            }

            #search at instance level. Only if no database was specified
            if ((-Not $Database) -and ($TriggerLevel -in @('All', 'Server'))) {
                foreach ($trigger in $server.Triggers) {
                    $everyserverstcount++; $triggercount++
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Looking in Trigger: $trigger TextBody for $pattern"
                    if ($trigger.TextBody -match $Pattern) {

                        $triggerText = $trigger.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                        $trTextFound = $triggerText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                            SqlInstance      = $server.ServiceName
                            TriggerLevel     = "Server"
                            Database         = $null
                            Object           = $null
                            Name             = $trigger.Name
                            IsSystemObject   = $trigger.IsSystemObject
                            CreateDate       = $trigger.CreateDate
                            LastModified     = $trigger.DateLastModified
                            TriggerTextFound = $trTextFound -join "`n"
                            Trigger          = $trigger
                            TriggerFullText  = $trigger.TextBody
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Trigger, TriggerFullText
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $triggercount triggers in $server"
            }

            if ($IncludeSystemDatabases) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "normal" }
            } else {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "normal" -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            $totalcount = 0
            $dbcount = $dbs.count

            if ($TriggerLevel -in @('All', 'Database', 'Object')) {
                foreach ($db in $dbs) {

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Searching on database $db"

                    # If system objects aren't needed, find trigger text using SQL
                    # This prevents SMO from having to enumerate

                    if (!$IncludeSystemObjects) {
                        if ($TriggerLevel -in @('All', 'Database')) {
                            #Get Database Level triggers (DDL)
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sqlDatabaseTriggers
                            $rows = $db.ExecuteWithResults($sqlDatabaseTriggers).Tables.Rows
                            $triggercount = 0

                            foreach ($row in $rows) {
                                $totalcount++; $triggercount++; $everyserverstcount++

                                $trigger = $row.name

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in trigger $trigger for textBody with pattern $pattern on database $db"
                                if ($row.TextBody -match $Pattern) {
                                    $tr = $db.Triggers | Where-Object name -eq $row.name

                                    $triggerText = $tr.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                                    $trTextFound = $triggerText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                                        ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                                        SqlInstance      = $server.ServiceName
                                        TriggerLevel     = "Database"
                                        Database         = $db.name
                                        Object           = $tr.Parent
                                        Name             = $tr.Name
                                        IsSystemObject   = $tr.IsSystemObject
                                        CreateDate       = $tr.CreateDate
                                        LastModified     = $tr.DateLastModified
                                        TriggerTextFound = $trTextFound -join "`n"
                                        Trigger          = $tr
                                        TriggerFullText  = $tr.TextBody
                                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Trigger, TriggerFullText
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($TriggerLevel -in @('All', 'Object')) {
                            #Get Object Level triggers (DML)
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sqlTableTriggers
                            $rows = $db.ExecuteWithResults($sqlTableTriggers).Tables.Rows
                            $triggercount = 0

                            foreach ($row in $rows) {
                                $totalcount++; $triggercount++; $everyserverstcount++

                                $trigger = $row.name
                                $triggerParentSchema = $row.TableSchema
                                $triggerParent = $row.TableName

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in trigger $trigger for textBody with pattern $pattern in object $triggerParentSchema.$triggerParent at database $db"
                                if ($row.TextBody -match $Pattern) {

                                    $tr = ($db.Tables | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq $triggerParent -and $_.Schema -eq $triggerParentSchema}).Triggers | Where-Object name -eq $row.name

                                    $triggerText = $tr.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                                    $trTextFound = $triggerText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                                        ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                                        SqlInstance      = $server.ServiceName
                                        TriggerLevel     = "Object"
                                        Database         = $db.name
                                        Object           = $tr.Parent
                                        Name             = $tr.Name
                                        IsSystemObject   = $tr.IsSystemObject
                                        CreateDate       = $tr.CreateDate
                                        LastModified     = $tr.DateLastModified
                                        TriggerTextFound = $trTextFound -join "`n"
                                        Trigger          = $tr
                                        TriggerFullText  = $tr.TextBody
                                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Trigger, TriggerFullText
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($TriggerLevel -in @('All', 'Database')) {
                            #Get Database Level triggers (DDL)
                            $triggers = $db.Triggers

                            $triggercount = 0

                            foreach ($tr in $triggers) {
                                $totalcount++; $triggercount++; $everyserverstcount++
                                $trigger = $tr.Name

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in trigger $trigger for textBody with pattern $pattern on database $db"
                                if ($tr.TextBody -match $Pattern) {

                                    $triggerText = $tr.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                                    $trTextFound = $triggerText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                                        ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                                        SqlInstance      = $server.ServiceName
                                        TriggerLevel     = "Database"
                                        Database         = $db.name
                                        Object           = $tr.Parent
                                        Name             = $tr.Name
                                        IsSystemObject   = $tr.IsSystemObject
                                        CreateDate       = $tr.CreateDate
                                        LastModified     = $tr.DateLastModified
                                        TriggerTextFound = $trTextFound -join "`n"
                                        Trigger          = $tr
                                        TriggerFullText  = $tr.TextBody
                                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Trigger, TriggerFullText
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($TriggerLevel -in @('All', 'Object')) {
                            #Get Object Level triggers (DML)
                            $triggers = $db.Tables | ForEach-Object {$_.Triggers}

                            $triggercount = 0

                            foreach ($tr in $triggers) {
                                $totalcount++; $triggercount++; $everyserverstcount++
                                $trigger = $tr.Name

                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in trigger $trigger for textBody with pattern $pattern in object $($tr.Parent) at database $db"
                                if ($tr.TextBody -match $Pattern) {

                                    $triggerText = $tr.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                                    $trTextFound = $triggerText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                                        ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                                        SqlInstance      = $server.ServiceName
                                        TriggerLevel     = "Object"
                                        Database         = $db.name
                                        Object           = $tr.Parent
                                        Name             = $tr.Name
                                        IsSystemObject   = $tr.IsSystemObject
                                        CreateDate       = $tr.CreateDate
                                        LastModified     = $tr.DateLastModified
                                        TriggerTextFound = $trTextFound -join "`n"
                                        Trigger          = $tr
                                        TriggerFullText  = $tr.TextBody
                                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Trigger, TriggerFullText
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $triggercount triggers in $db"
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $totalcount total triggers in $dbcount databases"
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $everyserverstcount total triggers"
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Find-DbaUserObject {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Searches SQL Server to find user-owned objects (i.e. not dbo or sa) or for any object owned by a specific user specified by the Pattern parameter.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Looks at the below list of objects to see if they are either owned by a user or a specific user (using the parameter -Pattern)
        Database Owner
        Agent Job Owner
        Used in Credential
        USed in Proxy
        SQL Agent Steps using a Proxy
        Endpoints
        Server Roles
        Database Schemas
        Database Roles
        Database Assembles
        Database Synonyms

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Pattern
        The regex pattern that the command will search for

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Object
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaUserObject

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaUserObject -SqlInstance DEV01 -Pattern ad\stephen

        Searches user objects for owner ad\stephen

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaUserObject -SqlInstance DEV01 -Verbose

        Shows all user owned (non-sa, non-dbo) objects and verbose output

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstances")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Pattern,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($Pattern -match '^[\w\d\.-]+\\[\w\d\.-]+$') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Too few slashes, adding extra as required by regex"
            $Pattern = $Pattern.Replace('\', '\\')
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $saname = Get-SaLoginName $server

            ## Credentials
            if (-not $pattern) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathering data on instance objects"
                $creds = $server.Credentials
                $proxies = $server.JobServer.ProxyAccounts
                $endPoints = $server.Endpoints | Where-Object { $_.Owner -ne $saname }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gather data on Agent Jobs ownership"
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                #$jobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.OwnerLoginName -ne $saname }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathering data on instance objects"
                $creds = $server.Credentials | Where-Object { $_.Identity -match $pattern }
                $proxies = $server.JobServer.ProxyAccounts | Where-Object { $_.CredentialIdentity -match $pattern }
                $endPoints = $server.Endpoints | Where-Object { $_.Owner -match $pattern }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gather data on Agent Jobs ownership"
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                #$jobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.OwnerLoginName -match $pattern }
            }

            ## dbs
            if (-not $pattern) {
                foreach ($db in $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Owner -ne $saname }) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "checking if $db is owned "

                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Database"
                        Owner        = $db.Owner
                        Name         = $db.Name
                        Parent       = $db.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            } else {
                foreach ($db in $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Owner -match $pattern }) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Database"
                        Owner        = $db.Owner
                        Name         = $db.Name
                        Parent       = $db.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            }

            ## agent jobs
            if (-not $pattern) {
                foreach ($job in $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.OwnerLoginName -ne $saname }) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Agent Job"
                        Owner        = $job.OwnerLoginName
                        Name         = $job.Name
                        Parent       = $job.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            } else {
                foreach ($job in $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $_.OwnerLoginName -match $pattern }) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Agent Job"
                        Owner        = $job.OwnerLoginName
                        Name         = $job.Name
                        Parent       = $job.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            }

            ## credentials
            foreach ($cred in $creds) {
                ## list credentials using the account

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Type         = "Credential"
                    Owner        = $cred.Identity
                    Name         = $cred.Name
                    Parent       = $cred.Parent.Name
                }
            }

            ## proxies
            foreach ($proxy in $proxies) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Type         = "Proxy"
                    Owner        = $proxy.CredentialIdentity
                    Name         = $proxy.Name
                    Parent       = $proxy.Parent.Name
                }

                ## list agent jobs steps using proxy
                foreach ($job in $server.JobServer.Jobs) {
                    foreach ($step in $job.JobSteps | Where-Object { $_.ProxyName -eq $proxy.Name }) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Type         = "Agent Step"
                            Owner        = $step.ProxyName
                            Name         = $step.Name
                            Parent       = $step.Parent.Name #$step.Name
                        }
                    }
                }
            }


            ## endpoints
            foreach ($endPoint in $endPoints) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Type         = "Endpoint"
                    Owner        = $endpoint.Owner
                    Name         = $endPoint.Name
                    Parent       = $endPoint.Parent.Name
                }
            }

            ## Server Roles
            if (-not $pattern) {
                foreach ($role in $server.Roles | Where-Object { $_.Owner -ne $saname }) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "checking if $db is owned "
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Server Role"
                        Owner        = $role.Owner
                        Name         = $role.Name
                        Parent       = $role.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            } else {
                foreach ($role in $server.Roles | Where-Object { $_.Owner -match $pattern }) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Server Role"
                        Owner        = $role.Owner
                        Name         = $role.Name
                        Parent       = $role.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            }

            ## Loop internal database
            foreach ($db in $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gather user owned object in database: $db"
                ##schemas
                $sysSchemas = "DatabaseMailUserRole", "db_ssisadmin", "db_ssisltduser", "db_ssisoperator", "SQLAgentOperatorRole", "SQLAgentReaderRole", "SQLAgentUserRole", "TargetServersRole", "RSExecRole"

                if (-not $pattern) {
                    $schemas = $db.Schemas | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -ne "dbo" -and $sysSchemas -notcontains $_.Owner }
                } else {
                    $schemas = $db.Schemas | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -match $pattern -and $sysSchemas -notcontains $_.Owner }
                }
                foreach ($schema in $schemas) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Schema"
                        Owner        = $schema.Owner
                        Name         = $schema.Name
                        Parent       = $schema.Parent.Name
                    }
                }

                ## database roles
                if (-not $pattern) {
                    $roles = $db.Roles | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -ne "dbo" }
                } else {
                    $roles = $db.Roles | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -match $pattern }
                }
                foreach ($role in $roles) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Database Role"
                        Owner        = $role.Owner
                        Name         = $role.Name
                        Parent       = $role.Parent.Name
                    }
                }

                ## assembly
                if (-not $pattern) {
                    $assemblies = $db.Assemblies | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -ne "dbo" }
                } else {
                    $assemblies = $db.Assemblies | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -match $pattern }
                }

                foreach ($assembly in $assemblies) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Database Assembly"
                        Owner        = $assembly.Owner
                        Name         = $assembly.Name
                        Parent       = $assembly.Parent.Name
                    }
                }

                ## synonyms
                if (-not $pattern) {
                    $synonyms = $db.Synonyms | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -ne "dbo" }
                } else {
                    $synonyms = $db.Synonyms | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 -and $_.Owner -match $pattern }
                }

                foreach ($synonym in $synonyms) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Type         = "Database Synonyms"
                        Owner        = $synonym.Owner
                        Name         = $synonym.Name
                        Parent       = $synonym.Parent.Name
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Find-DbaView {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns all views that contain a specific case-insensitive string or regex pattern.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function can either run against specific databases or all databases searching all user or user and system views.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER Pattern
        String pattern that you want to search for in the view text body

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemObjects
        By default, system views are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter.

        Warning - this will likely make it super slow if you run it on all databases.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDatabases
        By default system databases are ignored but you can include them within the search using this parameter

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: View
        Author: Claudio Silva  (@ClaudioESSilva)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Find-DbaView

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaView -SqlInstance DEV01 -Pattern whatever

        Searches all user databases views for "whatever" in the text body

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaView -SqlInstance sql2016 -Pattern '\w+@\w+\.\w+'

        Searches all databases for all views that contain a valid email pattern in the text body

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaView -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database MyDB -Pattern 'some string' -Verbose

        Searches in "mydb" database views for "some string" in the text body

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaView -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database MyDB -Pattern RUNTIME -IncludeSystemObjects

        Searches in "mydb" database views for "runtime" in the text body

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Pattern,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemObjects,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDatabases,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(vw.object_id) as ViewSchema, vw.name, m.definition as TextBody FROM sys.sql_modules m, sys.views vw WHERE m.object_id = vw.object_id"
        if (!$IncludeSystemObjects) { $sql = "$sql AND vw.is_ms_shipped = 0" }
        $everyservervwcount = 0
    }
    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to: $Instance"
                continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This command only supports SQL Server 2005 and above."
                Continue
            }

            if ($IncludeSystemDatabases) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "normal" }
            } else {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "normal" -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            $totalcount = 0
            $dbcount = $dbs.count
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Searching on database $db"

                # If system objects aren't needed, find view text using SQL
                # This prevents SMO from having to enumerate

                if (!$IncludeSystemObjects) {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                    $rows = $db.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows
                    $vwcount = 0

                    foreach ($row in $rows) {
                        $totalcount++; $vwcount++; $everyservervwcount++

                        $viewSchema = $row.ViewSchema
                        $view = $row.name

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in View: $viewSchema.$view TextBody for $pattern"
                        if ($row.TextBody -match $Pattern) {
                            $vw = $db.Views | Where-Object {$_.Schema -eq $viewSchema -and $_.Name -eq $view}

                            $viewText = $vw.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                            $vwTextFound = $viewText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                                SqlInstance    = $server.ServiceName
                                Database       = $db.Name
                                Schema         = $vw.Schema
                                Name           = $vw.Name
                                Owner          = $vw.Owner
                                IsSystemObject = $vw.IsSystemObject
                                CreateDate     = $vw.CreateDate
                                LastModified   = $vw.DateLastModified
                                ViewTextFound  = $vwTextFound -join "`n"
                                View           = $vw
                                ViewFullText   = $vw.TextBody
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty View, ViewFullText
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    $Views = $db.Views

                    foreach ($vw in $Views) {
                        $totalcount++; $vwcount++; $everyservervwcount++

                        $viewSchema = $row.ViewSchema
                        $view = $vw.Name

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking in View: $viewSchema.$view TextBody for $pattern"
                        if ($vw.TextBody -match $Pattern) {

                            $viewText = $vw.TextBody.split("`n`r")
                            $vwTextFound = $viewText | Select-String -Pattern $Pattern | ForEach-Object { "(LineNumber: $($_.LineNumber)) $($_.ToString().Trim())" }

                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                                SqlInstance    = $server.ServiceName
                                Database       = $db.Name
                                Schema         = $vw.Schema
                                Name           = $vw.Name
                                Owner          = $vw.Owner
                                IsSystemObject = $vw.IsSystemObject
                                CreateDate     = $vw.CreateDate
                                LastModified   = $vw.DateLastModified
                                ViewTextFound  = $vwTextFound -join "`n"
                                View           = $vw
                                ViewFullText   = $vw.TextBody
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty View, ViewFullText
                        }
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $vwcount views in $db"
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $totalcount total views in $dbcount databases"
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Evaluated $everyservervwcount total views"
    }
}
function Format-DbaBackupInformation {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Transforms the data in a dbatools BackupHistory object for a restore

    .DESCRIPTION
        Performs various mapping on Backup History, ready restoring
        Options include changing restore paths, backup paths, database name and many others

    .PARAMETER BackupHistory
        A dbatools backupHistory object, normally this will have been created using Select-DbaBackupInformation

    .PARAMETER ReplaceDatabaseName
        If a single value is provided, this will be replaced do all occurrences a database name
        If a Hashtable is passed in, each database name mention will be replaced as specified. If a database's name does not appear it will not be replace
        DatabaseName will also be replaced where it  occurs in the file paths of data and log files.
        Please note, that this won't change the Logical Names of data files, that has to be done with a separate Alter DB call

    .PARAMETER DatabaseNamePrefix
        This string will be prefixed to all restored database's name

    .PARAMETER DataFileDirectory
        This will move ALL restored files to this location during the restore

    .PARAMETER LogFileDirectory
        This will move all log files to this location, overriding DataFileDirectory

    .PARAMETER DestinationFileStreamDirectory
        This move the FileStream folder and contents to the new location, overriding DataFileDirectory

    .PARAMETER FileNamePrefix
        This string will  be prefixed to all restored files (Data and Log)

    .PARAMETER RebaseBackupFolder
        Use this to rebase where your backups are stored.

    .PARAMETER Continue
        Indicates that this is a continuing restore

    .PARAMETER DatabaseFilePrefix
        A string that will be prefixed to every file restored

    .PARAMETER DatabaseFileSuffix
        A string that will be suffixed to every file restored

    .PARAMETER ReplaceDbNameInFile
        If set, will replace the old database name with the new name if it occurs in the file name

    .PARAMETER FileMapping
        A hashtable that can be used to move specific files to a location.
        `$FileMapping = @{'DataFile1'='c:\restoredfiles\Datafile1.mdf';'DataFile3'='d:\DataFile3.mdf'}`
        And files not specified in the mapping will be restored to their original location
        This Parameter is exclusive with DestinationDataDirectory
        If specified, this will override any other file renaming/relocation options.

    .PARAMETER PathSep
        By default is Windows's style (`\`) but you can pass also, e.g., `/` for Unix's style paths

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Format-DbaBackupInformation

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $History | Format-DbaBackupInformation -ReplaceDatabaseName NewDb

        Changes as database name references to NewDb, both in the database name and any restore paths. Note, this will fail if the BackupHistory object contains backups for more than 1 database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $History | Format-DbaBackupInformation -ReplaceDatabaseName @{'OldB'='NewDb';'ProdHr'='DevHr'}

        Will change all occurrences of original database name in the backup history (names and restore paths) using the mapping in the hashtable.
        In this example any occurrence of OldDb will be replaced with NewDb and ProdHr with DevPR

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $History | Format-DbaBackupInformation -DataFileDirectory 'D:\DataFiles\' -LogFileDirectory 'E:\LogFiles\

        This example with change the restore path for all data files (everything that is not a log file) to d:\datafiles
        And all Transaction Log files will be restored to E:\Logfiles

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $History | Format-DbaBackupInformation -RebaseBackupFolder f:\backups

        This example changes the location that SQL Server will look for the backups. This is useful if you've moved the backups to a different location

       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$BackupHistory,
        [object]$ReplaceDatabaseName,
        [switch]$ReplaceDbNameInFile,
        [string]$DataFileDirectory,
        [string]$LogFileDirectory,
        [string]$DestinationFileStreamDirectory,
        [string]$DatabaseNamePrefix,
        [string]$DatabaseFilePrefix,
        [string]$DatabaseFileSuffix,
        [string]$RebaseBackupFolder,
        [switch]$Continue,
        [hashtable]$FileMapping,
        [string]$PathSep = '\',
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {

        Write-Message -Message "Starting" -Level Verbose
        if ($null -ne $ReplaceDatabaseName) {
            if ($ReplaceDatabaseName -is [string] -or $ReplaceDatabaseName.ToString() -ne 'System.Collections.Hashtable') {
                Write-Message -Message "String passed in for DB rename" -Level Verbose
                $ReplaceDatabaseNameType = 'single'
            } elseif ($ReplaceDatabaseName -is [HashTable] -or $ReplaceDatabaseName.ToString() -eq 'System.Collections.Hashtable' ) {
                Write-Message -Message "Hashtable passed in for DB rename" -Level Verbose
                $ReplaceDatabaseNameType = 'multi'
            } else {
                Write-Message -Message "ReplacemenDatabaseName is $($ReplaceDatabaseName.Gettype().ToString()) - $ReplaceDatabaseName" -level Verbose
            }
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -Parameter DataFileDirectory) -and $DataFileDirectory.EndsWith($PathSep)) {
            $DataFileDirectory = $DataFileDirectory -Replace '.$'
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -Parameter DestinationFileStreamDirectory) -and $DestinationFileStreamDirectory.EndsWith($PathSep) ) {
            $DestinationFileStreamDirectory = $DestinationFileStreamDirectory -Replace '.$'
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -Parameter LogFileDirectory) -and $LogFileDirectory.EndsWith($PathSep) ) {
            $LogFileDirectory = $LogFileDirectory -Replace '.$'
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -Parameter RebaseBackupFolder) -and $RebaseBackupFolder.EndsWith($PathSep) ) {
            $RebaseBackupFolder = $RebaseBackupFolder -Replace '.$'
        }
    }


    process {

        foreach ($History in $BackupHistory) {
            if ("OriginalDatabase" -notin $History.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                $History | Add-Member -Name 'OriginalDatabase' -Type NoteProperty -Value $History.Database
            }
            if ("OriginalFileList" -notin $History.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                $History | Add-Member -Name 'OriginalFileList' -Type NoteProperty -Value ''
                $History | ForEach-Object {$_.OriginalFileList = $_.FileList}
            }
            if ("OriginalFullName" -notin $History.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                $History | Add-Member -Name 'OriginalFullName' -Type NoteProperty -Value $History.FullName
            }
            if ("IsVerified" -notin $History.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                $History | Add-Member -Name 'IsVerified' -Type NoteProperty -Value $False
            }
            switch ($History.Type) {
                'Full' {$History.Type = 'Database'}
                'Differential' {$History.Type = 'Database Differential'}
                'Log' {$History.Type = 'Transaction Log'}
            }


            if ($ReplaceDatabaseNameType -eq 'single' -and $ReplaceDatabaseName -ne '' ) {
                $History.Database = $ReplaceDatabaseName
                Write-Message -Message "New DbName (String) = $($History.Database)" -Level Verbose
            } elseif ($ReplaceDatabaseNameType -eq 'multi') {
                if ($null -ne $ReplaceDatabaseName[$History.Database]) {
                    $History.Database = $ReplaceDatabaseName[$History.Database]
                    Write-Message -Message "New DbName (Hash) = $($History.Database)" -Level Verbose
                }
            }
            $History.Database = $DatabaseNamePrefix + $History.Database
            if ($true -ne $Continue) {
                $History.FileList | ForEach-Object {
                    if ($null -ne $FileMapping ) {
                        if ($null -ne $FileMapping[$_.LogicalName]) {
                            $_.PhysicalName = $FileMapping[$_.LogicalName]
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($ReplaceDbNameInFile -eq $true) {
                            $_.PhysicalName = $_.PhysicalName -Replace $History.OriginalDatabase, $History.Database
                        }
                        Write-Message -Message " 1 PhysicalName = $($_.PhysicalName) " -Level Verbose
                        $Pname = [System.Io.FileInfo]$_.PhysicalName
                        $RestoreDir = $Pname.DirectoryName
                        if ($_.Type -eq 'D' -or $_.FileType -eq 'D') {
                            if ('' -ne $DataFileDirectory) {
                                $RestoreDir = $DataFileDirectory
                            }
                        } elseif ($_.Type -eq 'L' -or $_.FileType -eq 'L') {
                            if ('' -ne $LogFileDirectory) {
                                $RestoreDir = $LogFileDirectory
                            } elseif ('' -ne $DataFileDirectory) {
                                $RestoreDir = $DataFileDirectory
                            }
                        } elseif ($_.Type -eq 'S' -or $_.FileType -eq 'S') {
                            if ('' -ne $DestinationFileStreamDirectory) {
                                $RestoreDir = $DestinationFileStreamDirectory
                            } elseif ('' -ne $DataFileDirectory) {
                                $RestoreDir = $DataFileDirectory
                            }
                        }

                        $_.PhysicalName = $RestoreDir + $PathSep + $DatabaseFilePrefix + $Pname.BaseName + $DatabaseFileSuffix + $Pname.extension
                        Write-Message -Message "PhysicalName = $($_.PhysicalName) " -Level Verbose
                    }
                }
            }
            if ('' -ne $RebaseBackupFolder -and $History.FullName[0] -notmatch 'http') {
                Write-Message -Message 'Rebasing backup files' -Level Verbose

                for ($j = 0; $j -lt $History.fullname.count; $j++) {
                    $file = [System.IO.FileInfo]($History.fullname[$j])
                    $History.fullname[$j] = $RebaseBackupFolder + $PathSep + $file.BaseName + $file.Extension
                }

            }

            $History
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaAgDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets availability group databases from a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets availability group databases from a SQL Server instance.

        Default view provides most common set of properties for information on the database in an availability group.

        Information returned on the database will be specific to that replica, whether it is primary or a secondary.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        Specify the availability groups to query.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specify the database or databases to return. This list is auto-populated from the server for tab completion. Multiple databases can be specified. If none are specified all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piped input from Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Hadr, HA, AG, AvailabilityGroup, Replica
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton), https://wsmelton.github.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgDatabase

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance sql2017a

        Returns all the databases in each availability group found on sql2017a

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance sql2017a -AvailabilityGroup AG101

        Returns all the databases in the availability group AG101 on sql2017a

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlcluster -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint -Database Sharepoint_Config | Get-DbaAgDatabase

        Returns the database Sharepoint_Config found in the availability group SharePoint on server sqlcluster

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject.AvailabilityDatabases) {
            if ($Database) {
                if ($db.Name -notin $Database) { continue }
            }
            $server = $db.Parent.Parent
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Replica -value $server.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name DatabaseName -value $db.Name # for backwards compat
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AvailabilityGroup -value $db.Parent.Name

            $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'AvailabilityGroup', 'Replica', 'Name', 'SynchronizationState', 'IsFailoverReady', 'IsJoined', 'IsSuspended'
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $db -Property $defaults
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentAlert {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns all SQL Agent alerts on a SQL Server Agent.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns SQL Agent alerts.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, SMO
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentAlert

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentAlert -SqlInstance ServerA,ServerB\instanceB

        Returns all SQL Agent alerts on serverA and serverB\instanceB

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'serverA','serverB\instanceB' | Get-DbaAgentAlert

        Returns all SQL Agent alerts  on serverA and serverB\instanceB

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "Instance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Edition from $server"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$server is a $($server.Edition)"

            if ($server.Edition -like 'Express*') {
                Stop-Function -Message "There is no SQL Agent on $server, it's a $($server.Edition)" -Continue
            }

            $defaults = "ComputerName", "SqlInstance", "InstanceName", "Name", "ID", "JobName", "AlertType", "CategoryName", "Severity", "IsEnabled", "DelayBetweenResponses", "LastRaised", "OccurrenceCount"

            $alerts = $server.Jobserver.Alerts

            foreach ($alert in $alerts) {
                $lastraised = [dbadatetime]$alert.LastOccurrenceDate

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $alert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $alert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $alert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $alert -MemberType NoteProperty Notifications -value $alert.EnumNotifications()
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $alert -MemberType NoteProperty LastRaised -value $lastraised

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $alert -Property $defaults
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Get-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Agent Job information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaAgentJob returns connected SMO object for SQL Agent Job information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The job(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
        The job(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDisabledJobs
        Switch will exclude disabled jobs from the output.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Return jobs with T-SQL job steps associated with specific databases
    
    .PARAMETER Category
        Return jobs associated with specific category
    
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Job, Agent
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentJob

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all SQL Agent Jobs on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all SQl Agent Jobs for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost -Job BackupData, BackupDiff

        Returns all SQL Agent Jobs named BackupData and BackupDiff from the local SQL Server instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeJob BackupDiff

        Returns all SQl Agent Jobs for the local SQL Server instances, except the BackupDiff Job.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeDisabledJobs

        Returns all SQl Agent Jobs for the local SQL Server instances, excluding the disabled jobs.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaAgentJob | Out-GridView -PassThru | Start-DbaAgentJob -WhatIf

        Find all of your Jobs from SQL Server instances in the $servers collection, select the jobs you want to start then see jobs would start if you ran Start-DbaAgentJob

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Job,
        [string[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$Category,
        [switch]$ExcludeDisabledJobs,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $jobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs

            if ($Job) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Name -In $Job
            }
            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeJob
            }
            if ($ExcludeDisabledJobs) {
                $jobs = $Jobs | Where-Object IsEnabled -eq $true
            }
            if ($Database) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object {
                    $_.JobSteps.DatabaseName -in $Database
                }
            }
            if ($Category) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Category -in $Category
            }
            
            foreach ($agentJob in $jobs) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJob -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $agentJob.Parent.Parent.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJob -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $agentJob.Parent.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJob -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $agentJob.Parent.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $agentJob -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Category, OwnerLoginName, CurrentRunStatus, CurrentRunRetryAttempt, 'IsEnabled as Enabled', LastRunDate, LastRunOutcome, HasSchedule, OperatorToEmail, 'DateCreated as CreateDate'
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentJobCategory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get-DbaAgentJobCategory retrieves the job categories.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Get-DbaAgentJobCategory makes it possible to retrieve the job categories.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Category
        The name of the category to filter out. If no category is used all categories will be returned.

    .PARAMETER CategoryType
        The type of category. This can be "LocalJob", "MultiServerJob" or "None".
        If no category is used all categories types will be returned.

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, JobCategory
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentJobCategory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1

        Return all the job categories.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1 -Category 'Log Shipping'

        Return all the job categories that have the name 'Log Shipping'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sstad-pc -CategoryType MultiServerJob

        Return all the job categories that have a type MultiServerJob.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string[]]$Category,
        [ValidateSet("LocalJob", "MultiServerJob", "None")]
        [string]$CategoryType,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # get all the job categories
            $jobCategories = $server.JobServer.JobCategories |
                Where-Object {
                ($_.Name -in $Category -or !$Category) -and
                ($_.CategoryType -in $CategoryType -or !$CategoryType)
            }

            # Set the default output
            $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Name', 'ID', 'CategoryType', 'JobCount'

            # Loop through each of the categories
            try {
                foreach ($cat in $jobCategories) {

                    # Get the jobs associated with the category
                    $jobCount = ($server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object {$_.CategoryID -eq $cat.ID}).Count

                    # Add new properties to the category object
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name JobCount -Value $jobCount

                    # Show the result
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $cat -Property $defaults
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Message "Failure. Collection may have been modified" -Continue
            }

        } # for each instance

    } # end process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished retrieving job category." -Level Verbose
    }

}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaAgentJobHistory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets execution history of SQL Agent Job on instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Get-DbaAgentJobHistory returns all information on the executions still available on each instance(s) of SQL Server submitted.
        The cleanup of SQL Agent history determines how many records are kept.

        https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms201680.aspx
        https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.agent.jobhistoryfilter(v=sql.120).aspx

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The name of the job from which the history is wanted. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
        The job(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER StartDate
        The DateTime starting from which the history is wanted. If unspecified, all available records will be processed.

    .PARAMETER EndDate
        The DateTime before which the history is wanted. If unspecified, all available records will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJobSteps
        Use this switch to discard all job steps, and return only the job totals

    .PARAMETER WithOutputFile
        Use this switch to retrieve the output file (only if you want step details). Bonus points, we handle the quirks
        of SQL Agent tokens to the best of our knowledge (https://technet.microsoft.com/it-it/library/ms175575(v=sql.110).aspx)

    .PARAMETER JobCollection
        An array of SMO jobs

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Job, Agent
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDbaKlaas) | Simone Bizzotto (@niphold)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentJobHistory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all SQL Agent Job execution results on the local default SQL Server instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all SQL Agent Job execution results for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql1','sql2\Inst2K17' | Get-DbaAgentJobHistory

        Returns all SQL Agent Job execution results for sql1 and sql2\Inst2K17.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance sql2\Inst2K17 | Select-Object *

        Returns all properties for all SQl Agent Job execution results on sql2\Inst2K17.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance sql2\Inst2K17 -Job 'Output File Cleanup'

        Returns all properties for all SQl Agent Job execution results of the 'Output File Cleanup' job on sql2\Inst2K17.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance sql2\Inst2K17 -Job 'Output File Cleanup' -WithOutputFile

        Returns all properties for all SQl Agent Job execution results of the 'Output File Cleanup' job on sql2\Inst2K17,
        with additional properties that show the output filename path

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance sql2\Inst2K17 -ExcludeJobSteps

        Returns the SQL Agent Job execution results for the whole jobs on sql2\Inst2K17, leaving out job step execution results.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobHistory -SqlInstance sql2\Inst2K17 -StartDate '2017-05-22' -EndDate '2017-05-23 12:30:00'

        Returns the SQL Agent Job execution results between 2017/05/22 00:00:00 and 2017/05/23 12:30:00 on sql2\Inst2K17.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 | Where-Object Name -Match backup | Get-DbaAgentJobHistory

        Gets all jobs with the name that match the regex pattern "backup" and then gets the job history from those. You can also use -Like *backup* in this example.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Server")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [DateTime]$StartDate = "1900-01-01",
        [DateTime]$EndDate = $(Get-Date),
        [switch]$ExcludeJobSteps,
        [switch]$WithOutputFile,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Collection")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job]$JobCollection,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $filter = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobHistoryFilter
        $filter.StartRunDate = $StartDate
        $filter.EndRunDate = $EndDate


        if ($ExcludeJobSteps -and $WithOutputFile) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You can't use -ExcludeJobSteps and -WithOutputFile together"
        }

        function Get-JobHistory {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $Server,
                $Job,
                [switch]$WithOutputFile
            )
            $tokenrex = [regex]'\$\((?<method>[^()]+)\((?<tok>[^)]+)\)\)|\$\((?<tok>[^)]+)\)'
            $propmap = @{
                'INST'      = $Server.ServiceName
                'MACH'      = $Server.ComputerName
                'SQLDIR'    = $Server.InstallDataDirectory
                'SQLLOGDIR' = $Server.ErrorLogPath
                #'STEPCT' loop number ?
                'SRVR'      = $Server.DomainInstanceName
                # WMI( property ) impossible
            }


            $squote_rex = [regex]"(?<!')'(?!')"
            $dquote_rex = [regex]'(?<!")"(?!")'
            $rbrack_rex = [regex]'(?<!])](?!])'

            function Resolve-TokenEscape($method, $value) {
                if (!$method) {
                    return $value
                }
                $value = switch ($method) {
                    'ESCAPE_SQUOTE' { $squote_rex.Replace($value, "''") }
                    'ESCAPE_DQUOTE' { $dquote_rex.Replace($value, '""') }
                    'ESCAPE_RBRACKET' { $rbrack_rex.Replace($value, ']]') }
                    'ESCAPE_NONE' { $value }
                    default { $value }
                }
                return $value
            }

            #'STEPID' =  stepid
            #'STRTTM' job begin time
            #'STRTDT' job begin date
            #'JOBID' = JobId
            function Resolve-JobToken($exec, $outfile, $outcome) {
                $n = $tokenrex.Matches($outfile)
                foreach ($x in $n) {
                    $tok = $x.Groups['tok'].Value
                    $EscMethod = $x.Groups['method'].Value
                    if ($propmap.containskey($tok)) {
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value $propmap[$tok]
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    } elseif ($tok -eq 'STEPID') {
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value $exec.StepID
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    } elseif ($tok -eq 'JOBID') {
                        # convert(binary(16), ?)
                        $repl = @('0x') + @($exec.JobID.ToByteArray() | ForEach-Object -Process { $_.ToString('X2') }) -join ''
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value $repl
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    } elseif ($tok -eq 'STRTDT') {
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value $outcome.RunDate.toString('yyyyMMdd')
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    } elseif ($tok -eq 'STRTTM') {
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value ([int]$outcome.RunDate.toString('HHmmss')).toString()
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    } elseif ($tok -eq 'DATE') {
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value $exec.RunDate.toString('yyyyMMdd')
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    } elseif ($tok -eq 'TIME') {
                        $repl = Resolve-TokenEscape -method $EscMethod -value ([int]$exec.RunDate.toString('HHmmss')).toString()
                        $outfile = $outfile.Replace($x.Value, $repl)
                    }
                }
                return $outfile
            }
            try {
                Write-Message -Message "Attempting to get job history from $instance" -Level Verbose
                if ($Job) {
                    foreach ($currentjob in $Job) {
                        $filter.JobName = $currentjob
                        $executions += $server.JobServer.EnumJobHistory($filter)
                    }
                } else {
                    $executions = $server.JobServer.EnumJobHistory($filter)
                }
                if ($ExcludeJobSteps) {
                    $executions = $executions | Where-Object { $_.StepID -eq 0 }
                }

                if ($WithOutputFile) {
                    $outmap = @{}
                    $outfiles = Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance $Server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Job $Job

                    foreach ($out in $outfiles) {
                        if (!$outmap.ContainsKey($out.Job)) {
                            $outmap[$out.Job] = @{}
                        }
                        $outmap[$out.Job][$out.StepId] = $out.OutputFileName
                    }
                }
                $outcome = [pscustomobject]@{}
                foreach ($execution in $executions) {
                    $status = switch ($execution.RunStatus) {
                        0 { "Failed" }
                        1 { "Succeeded" }
                        2 { "Retry" }
                        3 { "Canceled" }
                    }

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    $DurationInSeconds = ($execution.RunDuration % 100) + [int]( ($execution.RunDuration % 10000 ) / 100 ) * 60 + [int]( ($execution.RunDuration % 1000000 ) / 10000 ) * 60 * 60
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name StartDate -value ([dbadatetime]$execution.RunDate)
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name EndDate -value ([dbadatetime]$execution.RunDate.AddSeconds($DurationInSeconds))
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Duration -value ([prettytimespan](New-TimeSpan -Seconds $DurationInSeconds))
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Status -value $status
                    if ($WithOutputFile) {
                        if ($execution.StepID -eq 0) {
                            $outcome = $execution
                        }
                        try {
                            $outname = $outmap[$execution.JobName][$execution.StepID]
                            $outname = Resolve-JobToken -exec $execution -outcome $outcome -outfile $outname
                            $outremote = Join-AdminUNC $Server.ComputerName $outname
                        } catch {
                            $outname = ''
                            $outremote = ''
                        }
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name OutputFileName -value $outname
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RemoteOutputFileName -value $outremote
                        # Add this in for easier ConvertTo-DbaTimeline Support
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name TypeName -value AgentJobHistory
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $execution -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, 'JobName as Job', StepName, RunDate, StartDate, EndDate, Duration, Status, OperatorEmailed, Message, OutputFileName, RemoteOutputFileName -TypeName AgentJobHistory
                    } else {
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $execution -MemberType NoteProperty -Name TypeName -value AgentJobHistory
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $execution -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, 'JobName as Job', StepName, RunDate, StartDate, EndDate, Duration, Status, OperatorEmailed, Message -TypeName AgentJobHistory
                    }

                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not get Agent Job History from $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ($JobCollection) {
            foreach ($currentjob in $JobCollection) {
                Get-JobHistory -Server $currentjob.Parent.Parent -Job $currentjob.Name -WithOutputFile:$WithOutputFile
            }
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }


            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs.Name | Where-Object { $_ -notin $ExcludeJob }
                foreach ($currentjob in $jobs) {
                    Get-JobHistory -Server $server -Job $currentjob -WithOutputFile:$WithOutputFile
                }
            } else {
                Get-JobHistory -Server $server -Job $Job -WithOutputFile:$WithOutputFile
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile {
    <#
    .Synopsis
        Returns the Output File for each step of one or many agent job with the Job Names provided dynamically if
        required for one or more SQL Instances

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns for one or more SQL Instances the output file value for each step of one or many agent job with the Job Names
        provided dynamically. It will not return anything if there is no Output File

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SQLCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user be it Windows or SQL Server. Windows users are determined by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash.

    .PARAMETER Job
        The job(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
        The job(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job
        Author: Rob Sewell (https://sqldbawithabeard.com) | Simone Bizzotto (@niphold)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME -Job 'The Agent Job'

        This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of the The Agent Job Job
        on the SERVERNAME instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME

        This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of all the Agent Jobs
        on the SERVERNAME instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME,SERVERNAME2 -Job 'The Agent Job'

        This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of the The Agent Job Job
        on the SERVERNAME instance and SERVERNAME2

    .EXAMPLE
        $Servers = 'SERVER','SERVER\INSTANCE1'
        Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance $Servers -Job 'The Agent Job' -OpenFile

        This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of the The Agent Job Job
        on the SERVER instance and the SERVER\INSTANCE1 and open the files if they are available

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME  | Out-GridView

        This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of all the Agent Jobs
        on the SERVERNAME instance and Pipe them to Out-GridView

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> (Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME | Out-GridView -PassThru).FileName | Invoke-Item

        This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of all the Agent Jobs
        on the SERVERNAME instance and Pipe them to Out-GridView and enable you to choose the output
        file and open it

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME -Verbose

        This will return the configured paths to the output files for each of the job step of all the Agent Jobs
        on the SERVERNAME instance and also show the job steps without an output file

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, HelpMessage = 'The SQL Server Instance',
            ValueFromPipeline,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false,
            Position = 0)]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(HelpMessage = 'SQL Credential',
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false,
            Position = 1)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $jobs = $Server.JobServer.Jobs
            if ($Job) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Name -In $Job
            }
            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeJob
            }
            foreach ($j in $Jobs) {
                foreach ($Step in $j.JobSteps) {
                    if ($Step.OutputFileName) {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName         = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName         = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance          = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Job                  = $j.Name
                            JobStep              = $Step.Name
                            OutputFileName       = $Step.OutputFileName
                            RemoteOutputFileName = Join-AdminUNC $Server.ComputerName $Step.OutputFileName
                            StepId               = $Step.Id
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty StepId
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$step for $j has no output file"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentJobStep {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Agent Job Step information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaAgentJobStep returns connected SMO object for SQL Agent Job Step for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The job(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
        The job(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDisabledJobs
        Switch will exclude disabled jobs from the output.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Job, Agent
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDbaKlaas), http://powerdba.eu

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentJobStep

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all SQL Agent Job Steps on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all SQL Agent Job Steps for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance localhost -Job BackupData, BackupDiff

        Returns all SQL Agent Job Steps for the jobs named BackupData and BackupDiff from the local SQL Server instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeJob BackupDiff

        Returns all SQL Agent Job Steps for the local SQL Server instances, except for the BackupDiff Job.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeDisabledJobs

        Returns all SQL Agent Job Steps for the local SQL Server instances, excluding the disabled jobs.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaAgentJobStep

        Find all of your Job Steps from SQL Server instances in the $servers collection

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [switch]$ExcludeDisabledJobs,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting jobs on $instance"
            $jobs = $server.JobServer.Jobs

            if ($Job) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Name -In $Job
            }
            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobs = $jobs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeJob
            }
            if ($ExcludeDisabledJobs) {
                $jobs = $Jobs | Where-Object IsEnabled -eq $true
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting job steps on $instance"
            foreach ($agentJobStep in $jobs.jobsteps) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJobStep -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $agentJobStep.Parent.Parent.Parent.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJobStep -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $agentJobStep.Parent.Parent.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJobStep -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $agentJobStep.Parent.Parent.Parent.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJobStep -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AgentJob -value $agentJobStep.Parent.Name

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $agentJobStep -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, AgentJob, Name, SubSystem, LastRunDate, LastRunOutcome, State
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the "SQL Agent Error Log" of an instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the "SQL Agent Error Log" of an instance. Returns all 10 error logs by default.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.

    .PARAMETER LogNumber
        An Int32 value that specifies the index number of the error log required. Error logs are listed 0 through 9 where 0 is the current error log and 9 is the oldest.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Logging
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentLog

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint

        Returns the entire error log for the SQL Agent on sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -LogNumber 3, 6

        Returns log numbers 3 and 6 for the SQL Agent on sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaAgentLog -LogNumber 0

        Returns the most recent SQL Agent error logs for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [ValidateRange(0, 9)]
        [int[]]$LogNumber,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($LogNumber) {
                foreach ($number in $lognumber) {
                    try {
                        foreach ($object in $server.JobServer.ReadErrorLog($number)) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $object"
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                            # Select all of the columns you'd like to show
                            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, LogDate, ProcessInfo, Text
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Continue -Target $server -Message "Could not read from SQL Server Agent"
                    }
                }
            } else {
                try {
                    foreach ($object in $server.JobServer.ReadErrorLog()) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $object"
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                        # Select all of the columns you'd like to show
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, LogDate, ProcessInfo, Text
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Continue -Target $server -Message "Could not read from SQL Server Agent"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentOperator {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns all SQL Agent operators on a SQL Server Agent.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns SQL Agent operators.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Operator
        The operator(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all operators will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeOperator
        The operator(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Operator
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentOperator

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentOperator -SqlInstance ServerA,ServerB\instanceB

        Returns any SQL Agent operators on serverA and serverB\instanceB

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'ServerA','ServerB\instanceB' | Get-DbaAgentOperator

        Returns all SQL Agent operators  on serverA and serverB\instanceB

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentOperator -SqlInstance ServerA -Operator Dba1,Dba2

        Returns only the SQL Agent Operators Dba1 and Dba2 on ServerA.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentOperator -SqlInstance ServerA,ServerB -ExcludeOperator Dba3

        Returns all the SQL Agent operators on ServerA and ServerB, except the Dba3 operator.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Operator,
        [object[]]$ExcludeOperator,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Edition from $server"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$server is a $($server.Edition)"

            if ($server.Edition -like 'Express*') {
                Stop-Function -Message "There is no SQL Agent on $server, it's a $($server.Edition)" -Continue -Target $server
            }

            $defaults = "ComputerName", "SqlInstance", "InstanceName", "Name", "ID", "Enabled as IsEnabled", "EmailAddress", "LastEmail"

            if ($Operator) {
                $operators = $server.JobServer.Operators | Where-Object Name -In $Operator
            } elseif ($ExcludeOperator) {
                $operators = $server.JobServer.Operators | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeOperator
            } else {
                $operators = $server.JobServer.Operators
            }

            $alerts = $server.JobServer.alerts

            foreach ($operat in $operators) {

                $jobs = $server.JobServer.jobs | Where-Object { $_.OperatorToEmail, $_.OperatorToNetSend, $_.OperatorToPage -contains $operat.Name }
                $lastemail = [dbadatetime]$operat.LastEmailDate

                $operatAlerts = @()
                foreach ($alert in $alerts) {
                    $dtAlert = $alert.EnumNotifications($operat.Name)
                    if ($dtAlert.Rows.Count -gt 0) {
                        $operatAlerts += $alert.Name
                        $alertlastemail = [dbadatetime]$alert.LastOccurrenceDate
                    }
                }

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $operat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $operat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $operat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $operat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RelatedJobs -Value $jobs
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $operat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastEmail -Value $lastemail
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $operat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RelatedAlerts -Value $operatAlerts
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $operat -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AlertLastEmail -Value $alertlastemail
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $operat -Property $defaults
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentProxy {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns all SQL Agent proxies on a SQL Server Agent.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns SQL Agent proxies.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Proxy
        The proxy to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all proxies will be processed.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, SMO
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentProxy

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentProxy -SqlInstance ServerA,ServerB\instanceB

        Returns all SQL Agent proxies on serverA and serverB\instanceB

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'serverA','serverB\instanceB' | Get-DbaAgentProxy

        Returns all SQL Agent proxies  on serverA and serverB\instanceB

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "Instance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Proxy,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Edition from $server"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$server is a $($server.Edition)"

            if ($server.Edition -like 'Express*') {
                Stop-Function -Message "There is no SQL Agent on $server, it's a $($server.Edition)" -Continue
            }

            $defaults = "ComputerName", "SqlInstance", "InstanceName", "Name", "ID", "CredentialID", "CredentialIdentity", "CredentialName", "Description", "IsEnabled"

            $proxies = $server.Jobserver.ProxyAccounts

            if ($proxy) {
                $proxies = $proxies | Where-Object Name -In $proxy
            }

            foreach ($px in $proxies) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $px -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $px -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $px -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $px -Property $defaults
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentSchedule {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns all SQL Agent Shared Schedules on a SQL Server Agent.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns SQL Agent Shared Schedules.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Schedule
        Parameter to filter the schedules returned

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Schedule
        Author: Chris McKeown (@devopsfu), http://www.devopsfu.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentSchedule

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all SQL Agent Shared Schedules on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all SQL Agent Shared Schedules for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql2016 -Schedule "Maintenance10min","Maintenance60min"

        Returns the "Maintenance10min" & "Maintenance60min" schedules from the sql2016 SQL Server instance
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "Instance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Schedules")]
        [object[]]$Schedule,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Get-ScheduleDescription {
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                [object]$Schedule

            )

            # Get the culture to make sure the right date and time format is displayed
            $datetimeFormat = (Get-culture).DateTimeFormat

            # Set the intial description
            $description = ""

            # Get the date and time values
            $startDate = Get-Date $Schedule.ActiveStartDate -format $datetimeFormat.ShortDatePattern
            $startTime = Get-Date ($Schedule.ActiveStartTimeOfDay.ToString()) -format $datetimeFormat.LongTimePattern
            $endDate = Get-Date $Schedule.ActiveEndDate -format $datetimeFormat.ShortDatePattern
            $endTime = Get-Date ($Schedule.ActiveEndTimeOfDay.ToString()) -format $datetimeFormat.LongTimePattern

            # Start setting the description based on the frequency type
            switch ($schedule.FrequencyTypes) {
                {($_ -eq 1) -or ($_ -eq "Once")} { $description += "Occurs on $startDate at $startTime" }
                {($_ -in 4, 8, 16, 32) -or ($_ -in "Daily", "Weekly", "Monthly")} { $description += "Occurs every "}
                {($_ -eq 64) -or ($_ -eq "AutoStart")} {$description += "Start automatically when SQL Server Agent starts "}
                {($_ -eq 128) -or ($_ -eq "OnIdle")} {$description += "Start whenever the CPUs become idle"}
            }

            # Check the frequency types for daily or weekly i.e.
            switch ($schedule.FrequencyTypes) {
                # Daily
                {$_ -in 4, "Daily"} {
                    if ($Schedule.FrequencyInterval -eq 1) {
                        $description += "day "
                    } elseif ($Schedule.FrequencyInterval -gt 1) {
                        $description += "$($Schedule.FrequencyInterval) day(s) "
                    }
                }

                # Weekly
                {$_ -in 8, "Weekly"} {
                    # Check if it's for one or more weeks
                    if ($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -eq 1) {
                        $description += "week on "
                    } elseif ($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -gt 1) {
                        $description += "$($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor) week(s) on "
                    }

                    # Save the interval for the loop
                    $frequencyInterval = $Schedule.FrequencyInterval

                    # Create the array to hold the days
                    $days = ($false, $false, $false, $false, $false, $false, $false)

                    # Loop through the days
                    while ($frequencyInterval -gt 0) {

                        switch ($FrequenctInterval) {
                            {($frequencyInterval - 64) -ge 0} {
                                $days[5] = "Saturday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 64
                            }
                            {($frequencyInterval - 32) -ge 0} {
                                $days[4] = "Friday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 32
                            }
                            {($frequencyInterval - 16) -ge 0} {
                                $days[3] = "Thursday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 16
                            }
                            {($frequencyInterval - 8) -ge 0} {
                                $days[2] = "Wednesday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 8
                            }
                            {($frequencyInterval - 4) -ge 0} {
                                $days[1] = "Tuesday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 4
                            }
                            {($frequencyInterval - 2) -ge 0} {
                                $days[0] = "Monday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 2
                            }
                            {($frequencyInterval - 1) -ge 0} {
                                $days[6] = "Sunday"
                                $frequencyInterval -= 1
                            }
                        }

                    }

                    # Add the days to the description by selecting the days and exploding the array
                    $description += ($days | Where-Object {$_ -ne $false}) -join ", "
                    $description += " "

                }

                # Monthly
                {$_ -in 16, "Monthly"} {
                    # Check if it's for one or more months
                    if ($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -eq 1) {
                        $description += "month "
                    } elseif ($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -gt 1) {
                        $description += "$($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor) month(s) "
                    }

                    # Add the interval
                    $description += "on day $($Schedule.FrequencyInterval) of that month "
                }

                # Monthly relative
                {$_ -in 32, "MonthlyRelative"} {
                    # Check for the relative day
                    switch ($Schedule.FrequencyRelativeIntervals) {
                        {$_ -in 1, "First"} {$description += "first "}
                        {$_ -in 2, "Second"} {$description += "second "}
                        {$_ -in 4, "Third"} {$description += "third "}
                        {$_ -in 8, "Fourth"} {$description += "fourth "}
                        {$_ -in 16, "Last"} {$description += "last "}
                    }

                    # Get the relative day of the week
                    switch ($Schedule.FrequencyInterval) {
                        1 { $description += "Sunday "}
                        2 { $description += "Monday "}
                        3 { $description += "Tuesday "}
                        4 { $description += "Wednesday "}
                        5 { $description += "Thursday "}
                        6 { $description += "Friday "}
                        7 { $description += "Saturday "}
                        8 { $description += "Day "}
                        9 { $description += "Weekday "}
                        10 { $description += "Weekend day "}
                    }

                    $description += "of every $($Schedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor) month(s) "

                }
            }

            # Check the frequency type
            if ($schedule.FrequencyTypes -notin 64, 128) {

                # Check the subday types for minutes or hours i.e.
                if ($schedule.FrequencySubDayInterval -in 0, 1) {
                    $description += "at $startTime. "
                } else {

                    switch ($Schedule.FrequencySubDayTypes) {
                        {$_ -in 2, "Seconds"} { $description += "every $($schedule.FrequencySubDayInterval) second(s) "}
                        {$_ -in 4, "Minutes"} {$description += "every $($schedule.FrequencySubDayInterval) minute(s) " }
                        {$_ -in 8, "Hours"} { $description += "every $($schedule.FrequencySubDayInterval) hour(s) " }
                    }

                    $description += "between $startTime and $endTime. "
                }

                # Check if an end date has been given
                if ($Schedule.ActiveEndDate.Year -eq 9999) {
                    $description += "Schedule will be used starting on $startDate."
                } else {
                    $description += "Schedule will used between $startDate and $endDate."
                }
            }

            return $description
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.Edition -like 'Express*') {
                Stop-Function -Message "$($server.Edition) does not support SQL Server Agent. Skipping $server." -Continue
            }

            if ($Schedule) {
                $scheduleCollection = $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Schedule }
            } else {
                $scheduleCollection = $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules
            }

        }

        $defaults = "ComputerName", "InstanceName", "SqlInstance", "Name as ScheduleName", "ActiveEndDate", "ActiveEndTimeOfDay", "ActiveStartDate", "ActiveStartTimeOfDay", "DateCreated", "FrequencyInterval", "FrequencyRecurrenceFactor", "FrequencyRelativeIntervals", "FrequencySubDayInterval", "FrequencySubDayTypes", "FrequencyTypes", "IsEnabled", "JobCount", "Description"

        foreach ($schedule in $scheduleCollection) {
            $description = Get-ScheduleDescription -Schedule $schedule

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $schedule -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $schedule -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $schedule -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $schedule -MemberType NoteProperty Description -Value $description

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $schedule -Property $defaults
        }

    }
}
function Get-DbaAgentServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Agent Server information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaAgentServer returns connected SMO object for SQL Agent Server information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Job, Agent
        Author: Cláudio Silva (@claudioessilva), https://claudioessilva.eu

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgentServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentServer -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns SQL Agent Server on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentServer -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns SQL Agent Servers for the localhost and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $jobServer = $server.JobServer

            $defaultView = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'AgentDomainGroup', 'AgentLogLevel', 'AgentMailType', 'AgentShutdownWaitTime', 'ErrorLogFile', 'IdleCpuDuration', 'IdleCpuPercentage', 'IsCpuPollingEnabled', 'JobServerType', 'LoginTimeout', 'JobHistoryIsEnabled', 'MaximumHistoryRows', 'MaximumJobHistoryRows', 'MsxAccountCredentialName', 'MsxAccountName', 'MsxServerName', 'Name', 'NetSendRecipient', 'ServiceAccount', 'ServiceStartMode', 'SqlAgentAutoStart', 'SqlAgentMailProfile', 'SqlAgentRestart', 'SqlServerRestart', 'State', 'SysAdminOnly'

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $jobServer -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $jobServer.Parent.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $jobServer -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $jobServer.Parent.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $jobServer -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $jobServer.Parent.DomainInstanceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $jobServer -MemberType ScriptProperty -Name JobHistoryIsEnabled -Value { switch ( $jobServer.MaximumHistoryRows ) { -1 { $false } default { $true } } }

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $jobServer -Property $defaultView
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaAgHadr {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the Hadr service setting on the specified SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the Hadr setting, from the service level, and returns true or false for the specified SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Hadr, HA, AG, AvailabilityGroup
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton), http://wsmelton.github.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgHadr

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgHadr -SqlInstance sql2016

        Returns a status of the Hadr setting for sql2016 SQL Server instance.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $server -Property 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'IsHadrEnabled'
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaAgListener {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns availability group listeners.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns availability group listeners.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        Specify the availability groups to query.

    .PARAMETER Listener
        Return only specific listeners.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piped input from Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AG, HA, AvailabilityGroup, Listener
        Author: Viorel Ciucu (@viorelciucu)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgListener

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgListener -SqlInstance sql2017a

        Returns all listeners found on sql2017a

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgListener -SqlInstance sql2017a -AvailabilityGroup AG-a

        Returns all listeners found on sql2017a on sql2017a for the availability group AG-a


    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2017a -AvailabilityGroup OPP | Get-DbaAgListener

        Returns all listeners found on sql2017a on sql2017a for the availability group OPP

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [string[]]$Listener,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Listener) {
            $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object { $_.AvailabilityGroupListeners.Name -contains $Listener }
        }

        $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'AvailabilityGroup', 'Name', 'PortNumber', 'ClusterIPConfiguration'

        foreach ($aglistener in $InputObject.AvailabilityGroupListeners) {
            $server = $aglistener.Parent.Parent
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $aglistener -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $aglistener -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $aglistener -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $aglistener -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AvailabilityGroup -value $aglistener.Parent.Name
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $aglistener -Property $defaults
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaAgReplica {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns the availability group replica object found on the server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns the availability group replica object found on the server.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        Specify the availability groups to query.

    .PARAMETER Replica
        Return only specific replicas.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piped input from Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AG, HA, AvailabilityGroup, Replica
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton) | Chrissy LeMaire (@cl)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAgReplica

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance sql2017a

        Returns basic information on all the availability group replicas found on sql2017a

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance sql2017a -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint

        Shows basic information on the replicas found on availability group SharePoint on sql2017a

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance sql2017a | Select-Object *

        Returns full object properties on all availability group replicas found on sql2017a

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [string[]]$Replica,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup
        }

        $availabilityReplicas = $InputObject.AvailabilityReplicas
        if ($Replica) {
            $availabilityReplicas = $InputObject.AvailabilityReplicas | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Replica }
        }

        $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'AvailabilityGroup', 'Name', 'Role', 'ConnectionState', 'RollupSynchronizationState', 'AvailabilityMode', 'BackupPriority', 'EndpointUrl', 'SessionTimeout', 'FailoverMode', 'ReadonlyRoutingList'

        foreach ($agreplica in $availabilityReplicas) {
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agreplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $agreplica.Parent.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agreplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $agreplica.Parent.InstanceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agreplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $agreplica.Parent.SqlInstance
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agreplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AvailabilityGroup -value $agreplica.Parent.Name
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agreplica -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Replica -value $agreplica.Name # backwards compat

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $agreplica -Property $defaults
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns availability group objects from a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns availability group objects from a SQL Server instance.

        Default view provides most common set of properties for information on the Availability Group(s).

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        Return only specific availability groups.

    .PARAMETER IsPrimary
        If this switch is enabled, a boolean indicating whether SqlInstance is the Primary replica in the AG is returned.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Hadr, HA, AG, AvailabilityGroup
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton) | Chrissy LeMaire (@cl)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Returns basic information on all the Availability Group(s) found on sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -AvailabilityGroup AG-a

        Shows basic information on the Availability Group AG-a on sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Select *

        Returns full object properties on all Availability Group(s) on sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Select-Object -ExpandProperty PrimaryReplicaServerName

        Returns the SQL Server instancename of the primary replica as a string

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -AvailabilityGroup AG-a -IsPrimary

        Returns true/false if the server, sqlserver2014a, is the primary replica for AG-a Availability Group.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [switch]$IsPrimary,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (-not $server.IsHadrEnabled) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Availability Group (HADR) is not configured for the instance: $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $ags = $server.AvailabilityGroups

            if ($AvailabilityGroup) {
                $ags = $ags | Where-Object Name -in $AvailabilityGroup
            }

            foreach ($ag in $ags) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ag -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ag -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ag -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                if ($IsPrimary) {
                    $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Name as AvailabilityGroup', 'IsPrimary'
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ag -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IsPrimary -Value ($ag.PrimaryReplicaServerName -eq $server.Name)
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $ag -Property $defaults
                } else {
                    $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'LocalReplicaRole', 'Name as AvailabilityGroup', 'PrimaryReplicaServerName as PrimaryReplica', 'ClusterType', 'DtcSupportEnabled', 'AutomatedBackupPreference', 'AvailabilityReplicas', 'AvailabilityDatabases', 'AvailabilityGroupListeners'
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $ag -Property $defaults
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaAvailableCollation {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Function to get available collations for a given SQL Server

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaAvailableCollation function returns the list of collations available on each SQL Server.
        Only the connect permission is required to get this information.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        TThe target SQL Server instance or instances. Only connect permission is required.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Collation, Configuration
        Author: Bryan Hamby (@galador)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaAvailableCollation

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailableCollation -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets all the collations from server sql2016 using NT authentication

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #Functions to get/cache the code page and language description.
        #It runs about 9x faster caching these (2 vs 18 seconds) in my test,
        #since there are so many duplicates

        #No longer supported by Windows, but still shows up in SQL Server
        #http://www.databaseteam.org/1-ms-sql-server/982faddda7a789a1.htm
        $locales = @{66577 = "Japanese_Unicode"}
        $codePages = @{}

        function Get-LocaleDescription ($LocaleId) {
            if ($locales.ContainsKey($LocaleId)) {
                $localeName = $locales.Get_Item($LocaleId)
            } else {
                try {
                    $localeName = (Get-Language $LocaleId).DisplayName
                } catch {
                    $localeName = $null
                }
                $locales.Set_Item($LocaleId, $localeName)
            }
            return $localeName
        }

        function Get-CodePageDescription ($codePageId) {
            if ($codePages.ContainsKey($codePageId)) {
                $codePageName = $codePages.Get_Item($codePageId)
            } else {
                try {
                    $codePageName = (Get-CodePage $codePageId).EncodingName
                } catch {
                    $codePageName = $null
                }
                $codePages.Set_Item($codePageId, $codePageName)
            }
            return $codePageName
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $sqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $availableCollations = $server.EnumCollations()
            foreach ($collation in $availableCollations) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $collation -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $collation -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $collation -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $collation -MemberType NoteProperty -Name CodePageName -Value (Get-CodePageDescription $collation.CodePage)
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $collation -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LocaleName -Value (Get-LocaleDescription $collation.LocaleID)
            }

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $availableCollations -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, CodePage, CodePageName, LocaleID, LocaleName, Description
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Get-DbaBackupDevice {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Backup Device information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaBackupDevice command gets SQL Backup Device information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Backup
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaBackupDevice

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupDevice -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all Backup Devices on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupDevice -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all Backup Devices for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($backupDevice in $server.BackupDevices) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $backupDevice -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $backupDevice.Parent.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $backupDevice -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $backupDevice.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $backupDevice -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $backupDevice.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $backupDevice -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, BackupDeviceType, PhysicalLocation, SkipTapeLabel
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaBackupHistory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns backup history details for databases on a SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns backup history details for some or all databases on a SQL Server.

        You can even get detailed information (including file path) for latest full, differential and log files.

        Backups taken with the CopyOnly option will NOT be returned, unless the IncludeCopyOnly switch is present

        Reference: http://www.sqlhub.com/2011/07/find-your-backup-history-in-sql-server.html

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server Instance as a different user. This can be a Windows or SQL Server account. Windows users are determined by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies one or more database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies one or more database(s) to exclude from processing.

    .PARAMETER IncludeCopyOnly
        By default Get-DbaBackupHistory will ignore backups taken with the CopyOnly option. This switch will include them

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, a large amount of information is returned, similar to what SQL Server itself returns.

    .PARAMETER Since
        Specifies a DateTime object to use as the starting point for the search for backups.

    .PARAMETER RecoveryFork
        Specifies the Recovery Fork you want backup history for

    .PARAMETER Last
        If this switch is enabled, the most recent full chain of full, diff and log backup sets is returned.

    .PARAMETER LastFull
        If this switch is enabled, the most recent full backup set is returned.

    .PARAMETER LastDiff
        If this switch is enabled, the most recent differential backup set is returned.

    .PARAMETER LastLog
        If this switch is enabled, the most recent log backup is returned.

    .PARAMETER DeviceType
        Specifies a filter for backup sets based on DeviceTypes. Valid options are 'Disk','Permanent Disk Device', 'Tape', 'Permanent Tape Device','Pipe','Permanent Pipe Device','Virtual Device', in addition to custom integers for your own DeviceTypes.

    .PARAMETER Raw
        If this switch is enabled, one object per backup file is returned. Otherwise, media sets (striped backups across multiple files) will be grouped into a single return object.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Specifies one or more types of backups to return. Valid options are 'Full', 'Log', 'Differential', 'File', 'Differential File', 'Partial Full', and 'Partial Differential'. Otherwise, all types of backups will be returned unless one of the -Last* switches is enabled.

    .PARAMETER LastLsn
        Specifies a minimum LSN to use in filtering backup history. Only backups with an LSN greater than this value will be returned, which helps speed the retrieval process.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl) | Stuart Moore (@napalmgram)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaBackupHistory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a

        Returns server name, database, username, backup type, date for all database backups still in msdb history on SqlInstance2014a. This may return many rows; consider using filters that are included in other examples.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a -SqlCredential $cred

        Does the same as above but connect to SqlInstance2014a as SQL user "sqladmin"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a -Database db1, db2 -Since '2016-07-01 10:47:00'

        Returns backup information only for databases db1 and db2 on SqlInstance2014a since July 1, 2016 at 10:47 AM.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014, pubs -Force | Format-Table

        Returns information only for AdventureWorks2014 and pubs and formats the results as a table.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Last

        Returns information about the most recent full, differential and log backups for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Last -DeviceType Disk

        Returns information about the most recent full, differential and log backups for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014, but only for backups to disk.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Last -DeviceType 148,107

        Returns information about the most recent full, differential and log backups for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014, but only for backups with device_type 148 and 107.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -LastFull

        Returns information about the most recent full backup for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Type Full

        Returns information about all Full backups for AdventureWorks2014 on sql2014.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2016 | Get-DbaBackupHistory

        Returns database backup information for every database on every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance SqlInstance2014a, sql2016 -Force

        Returns detailed backup history for all databases on SqlInstance2014a and sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database db1 -RecoveryFork 38e5e84a-3557-4643-a5d5-eed607bef9c6 -Last

        If db1 has multiple recovery forks, specifying the RecoveryFork GUID will restrict the search to that fork.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PsCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeCopyOnly,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "NoLast")]
        [switch]$Force,
        [DateTime]$Since = (Get-Date '01/01/1970'),
        [ValidateScript( {($_ -match '^(\{){0,1}[0-9a-fA-F]{8}\-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}\-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}\-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}\-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}(\}){0,1}$') -or ('' -eq $_)})]
        [string]$RecoveryFork,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Last")]
        [switch]$Last,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Last")]
        [switch]$LastFull,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Last")]
        [switch]$LastDiff,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Last")]
        [switch]$LastLog,
        [string[]]$DeviceType,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [bigint]$LastLsn,
        [ValidateSet("Full", "Log", "Differential", "File", "Differential File", "Partial Full", "Partial Differential")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level System -Message "Active Parameter set: $($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName)."
        Write-Message -Level System -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        $deviceTypeMapping = @{
            'Disk'                  = 2
            'Permanent Disk Device' = 102
            'Tape'                  = 5
            'Permanent Tape Device' = 105
            'Pipe'                  = 6
            'Permanent Pipe Device' = 106
            'Virtual Device'        = 7
            'URL'                   = 9
        }
        $deviceTypeFilter = @()
        foreach ($devType in $DeviceType) {
            if ($devType -in $deviceTypeMapping.Keys) {
                $deviceTypeFilter += $deviceTypeMapping[$devType]
            } else {
                $deviceTypeFilter += $devType
            }
        }
        $backupTypeMapping = @{
            'Log'                  = 'L'
            'Full'                 = 'D'
            'File'                 = 'F'
            'Differential'         = 'I'
            'Differential File'    = 'G'
            'Partial Full'         = 'P'
            'Partial Differential' = 'Q'
        }
        $backupTypeFilter = @()
        foreach ($typeFilter in $Type) {
            $backupTypeFilter += $backupTypeMapping[$typeFilter]
        }

    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 10) {
                $compressedFlag = $true
                # 2008 introduced compressed_backup_size
                $backupCols = "
                backupset.backup_size AS TotalSize,
                backupset.compressed_backup_size as CompressedBackupSize"
            } else {
                $compressedFlag = $false
                $backupCols = "
                backupset.backup_size AS TotalSize,
                NULL as CompressedBackupSize"
            }

            $databases = @()
            if ($null -ne $Database) {
                foreach ($db in $Database) {
                    $databases += [PSCustomObject]@{name = $db}
                }
            } else {
                $databases = $server.Databases
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }
            foreach ($d in $deviceTypeFilter) {
                $deviceTypeFilterRight = "IN ('" + ($deviceTypeFilter -Join "','") + "')"
            }

            foreach ($b in $backupTypeFilter) {
                $backupTypeFilterRight = "IN ('" + ($backupTypeFilter -Join "','") + "')"
            }

            if ($last) {
                foreach ($db in $databases) {
                    if ($since) {
                        $sinceSqlFilter = "AND backupset.backup_finish_date >= '$($Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"))'"
                    }
                    if ($RecoveryFork) {
                        $recoveryForkSqlFilter = "AND backupset.last_recovery_fork_guid ='$RecoveryFork'"
                    }
                    if ($null -eq (Get-PsCallStack)[1].Command) {
                        $forkCheckSql = "
                                SELECT
                                    database_name,
                                    MIN(database_backup_lsn) as 'FirstLsn',
                                    MAX(database_backup_lsn) as 'FinalLsn',
                                    MIN(backup_start_date) as 'MinDate',
                                    MAX(backup_finish_date) as 'MaxDate',
                                    last_recovery_fork_guid 'RecFork',
                                    count(1) as 'backupcount'
                                FROM msdb.dbo.backupset
                                WHERE database_name='$($db.name)'
                                $sinceSqlFilter
                                $recoveryForkSqlFilter
                                GROUP by database_name, last_recovery_fork_guid
                                "

                        $results = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($forkCheckSql).Tables.Rows
                        if ($results.count -gt 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Found backups from multiple recovery forks for $($db.name) on $($server.name), this may affect your results" -Level Warning
                            foreach ($result in $results) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Between $($result.MinDate)/$($result.FirstLsn) and $($result.MaxDate)/$($result.FinalLsn) $($result.name) was on Recovery Fork GUID $($result.RecFork) ($($result.backupcount) backups)"   -Level Warning
                            }

                        }
                    }
                    #Get the full and build upwards
                    $allBackups = @()
                    $allBackups += $fullDb = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -LastFull -raw:$Raw -DeviceType $DeviceType -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly -Since:$since -RecoveryFork $RecoveryFork
                    $diffDb = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -LastDiff -raw:$Raw -DeviceType $DeviceType -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly -Since:$since -RecoveryFork $RecoveryFork
                    if ($diffDb.LastLsn -gt $fullDb.LastLsn -and $diffDb.DatabaseBackupLSN -eq $fullDb.CheckPointLSN ) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Valid Differential backup "
                        $allBackups += $diffDb
                        $tlogStartDsn = ($diffDb.FirstLsn -as [bigint])
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No Diff found"
                        try {
                            [bigint]$tlogStartDsn = $fullDb.FirstLsn.ToString()
                        } catch {
                            continue
                        }
                    }
                    $allBackups += Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -raw:$raw -DeviceType $DeviceType -LastLsn $tlogStartDsn -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly -Since:$since -RecoveryFork $RecoveryFork | Where-Object {
                        $_.Type -eq 'Log' -and [bigint]$_.LastLsn -gt [bigint]$tlogStartDsn -and [bigint]$_.DatabaseBackupLSN -eq [bigint]$fullDb.CheckPointLSN -and $_.LastRecoveryForkGuid -eq $fullDb.LastRecoveryForkGuid
                    }
                    #This line does the output for -Last!!!
                    $allBackups |  Sort-Object -Property LastLsn, Type
                }
                continue
            }

            if ($LastFull -or $LastDiff -or $LastLog) {
                if ($LastFull) {
                    $first = 'D'; $second = 'P'
                }
                if ($LastDiff) {
                    $first = 'I'; $second = 'Q'
                }
                if ($LastLog) {
                    $first = 'L'; $second = 'L'
                }
                $databases = $databases | Select-Object -Unique -Property Name
                $sql = ""
                foreach ($db in $databases) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $($db.name)" -Target $db
                    if ($since) {
                        $sinceSqlFilter = "AND backupset.backup_finish_date >= '$($Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"))'"
                    }
                    if ($RecoveryFork) {
                        $recoveryForkSqlFilter = "AND backupset.last_recovery_fork_guid ='$RecoveryFork'"
                    }
                    if ((Get-PsCallStack)[1].Command -notlike 'Get-DbaBackupHistory*') {
                        $forkCheckSql = "
                            SELECT
                                database_name,
                                MIN(database_backup_lsn) as 'FirstLsn',
                                MAX(database_backup_lsn) as 'FinalLsn',
                                MIN(backup_start_date) as 'MinDate',
                                MAX(backup_finish_date) as 'MaxDate',
                                last_recovery_fork_guid 'RecFork',
                                count(1) as 'backupcount'
                            FROM msdb.dbo.backupset
                            WHERE database_name='$($db.name)'
                            $sinceSqlFilter
                            $recoveryForkSqlFilter
                            GROUP by database_name, last_recovery_fork_guid
                        "

                        $results = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($forkCheckSql).Tables.Rows
                        if ($results.count -gt 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Found backups from multiple recovery forks for $($db.name) on $($server.name), this may affect your results" -Level Warning
                            foreach ($result in $results) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Between $($result.MinDate)/$($result.FirstLsn) and $($result.MaxDate)/$($result.FinalLsn) $($result.name) was on Recovery Fork GUID $($result.RecFork) ($($result.backupcount) backups)"   -Level Warning
                            }

                        }
                    }
                    $whereCopyOnly = $null
                    if ($true -ne $IncludeCopyOnly) {
                        $whereCopyOnly = " AND is_copy_only='0' "
                    }
                    if ($deviceTypeFilter) {
                        $devTypeFilterWhere = "AND mediafamily.device_type $deviceTypeFilterRight"
                    }
                    if ($since) {
                        $sinceSqlFilter = "AND backupset.backup_finish_date >= '$($Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"))'"
                    }
                    # recap for future editors (as this has been discussed over and over):
                    #   - original editors (from hereon referred as "we") rank over backupset.last_lsn desc, backupset.backup_finish_date desc for a good reason: DST
                    #     all times are recorded with the timezone of the server
                    #   - we thought about ranking over backupset.backup_set_id desc, backupset.last_lsn desc, backupset.backup_finish_date desc
                    #     but there is no explicit documentation about "when" a row gets inserted into backupset. Theoretically it _could_
                    #     happen that backup_set_id for the same database has not the same order of last_lsn.
                    #   - given ultimately to restore something lsn IS the source of truth, we decided to trust that and only that
                    #   - we know that sometimes it happens to drop a database without deleting the history. Assuming then to create a database with the same name,
                    #     and given the lsn are composed in the first part by the VLF SeqID, it happens seldomly that for the same database_name backupset holds
                    #     last_lsn out of order. To avoid this behaviour, we filter by database_guid choosing the guid that has MAX(backup_finish_date), as we know
                    #     last_lsn cannot be out-of-order for the same database, and the same database cannot have different database_guid
                    $sql += "
                                SELECT
                                    a.BackupSetRank,
                                    a.Server,
                                    a.[Database],
                                    a.Username,
                                    a.Start,
                                    a.[End],
                                    a.Duration,
                                    a.[Path],
                                    a.Type,
                                    a.TotalSize,
                                    a.CompressedBackupSize,
                                    a.MediaSetId,
                                    a.BackupSetID,
                                    a.Software,
                                    a.position,
                                    a.first_lsn,
                                    a.database_backup_lsn,
                                    a.checkpoint_lsn,
                                    a.last_lsn,
                                    a.first_lsn as 'FirstLSN',
                                    a.database_backup_lsn as 'DatabaseBackupLsn',
                                    a.checkpoint_lsn as 'CheckpointLsn',
                                    a.last_lsn as 'LastLsn',
                                    a.software_major_version,
                                    a.DeviceType,
                                    a.is_copy_only,
                                    a.last_recovery_fork_guid,
                                    a.recovery_model
                                FROM (SELECT
                                  RANK() OVER (ORDER BY backupset.last_lsn desc, backupset.backup_finish_date DESC) AS 'BackupSetRank',
                                  backupset.database_name AS [Database],
                                  backupset.user_name AS Username,
                                  backupset.backup_start_date AS Start,
                                  backupset.server_name as [Server],
                                  backupset.backup_finish_date AS [End],
                                  DATEDIFF(SECOND, backupset.backup_start_date, backupset.backup_finish_date) AS Duration,
                                  mediafamily.physical_device_name AS Path,
                                  $backupCols,
                                  CASE backupset.type
                                    WHEN 'L' THEN 'Log'
                                    WHEN 'D' THEN 'Full'
                                    WHEN 'F' THEN 'File'
                                    WHEN 'I' THEN 'Differential'
                                    WHEN 'G' THEN 'Differential File'
                                    WHEN 'P' THEN 'Partial Full'
                                    WHEN 'Q' THEN 'Partial Differential'
                                    ELSE NULL
                                  END AS Type,
                                  backupset.media_set_id AS MediaSetId,
                                  mediafamily.media_family_id as mediafamilyid,
                                  backupset.backup_set_id as BackupSetID,
                                  CASE mediafamily.device_type
                                    WHEN 2 THEN 'Disk'
                                    WHEN 102 THEN 'Permanent Disk Device'
                                    WHEN 5 THEN 'Tape'
                                    WHEN 105 THEN 'Permanent Tape Device'
                                    WHEN 6 THEN 'Pipe'
                                    WHEN 106 THEN 'Permanent Pipe Device'
                                    WHEN 7 THEN 'Virtual Device'
                                    WHEN 9 THEN 'URL'
                                    ELSE 'Unknown'
                                    END AS DeviceType,
                                  backupset.position,
                                  backupset.first_lsn,
                                  backupset.database_backup_lsn,
                                  backupset.checkpoint_lsn,
                                  backupset.last_lsn,
                                  backupset.software_major_version,
                                  mediaset.software_name AS Software,
                                  backupset.is_copy_only,
                                  backupset.last_recovery_fork_guid,
                                  backupset.recovery_model
                                FROM msdb..backupmediafamily AS mediafamily
                                JOIN msdb..backupmediaset AS mediaset
                                  ON mediafamily.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id
                                JOIN msdb..backupset AS backupset
                                  ON backupset.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id
                                JOIN (
                                    SELECT DISTINCT database_guid, database_name, backup_finish_date
                                    FROM msdb..backupset
                                    WHERE backupset.database_name = '$($db.Name)'
                                ) dbguid
                                  ON dbguid.database_name = backupset.database_name
                                  AND dbguid.database_guid = backupset.database_guid
                                JOIN (
                                    SELECT database_name, MAX(backup_finish_date) max_finish_date
                                    FROM msdb..backupset
                                    WHERE backupset.database_name = '$($db.Name)'
                                    GROUP BY database_name
                                ) dbguid_support
                                  ON dbguid_support.database_name = backupset.database_name
                                  AND dbguid.backup_finish_date = dbguid_support.max_finish_date
                                WHERE backupset.database_name = '$($db.Name)' $whereCopyOnly
                                AND (type = '$first' OR type = '$second')
                                $devTypeFilterWhere
                                $sinceSqlFilter
                                $recoveryForkSqlFilter
                                ) AS a
                                WHERE a.BackupSetRank = 1
                                ORDER BY a.Type;
                                "
                }
                $sql = $sql -join "; "
            } else {
                if ($Force -eq $true) {
                    $select = "SELECT * "
                } else {
                    $select = "
                            SELECT
                              backupset.database_name AS [Database],
                              backupset.user_name AS Username,
                              backupset.server_name as [server],
                              backupset.backup_start_date AS [Start],
                              backupset.backup_finish_date AS [End],
                              DATEDIFF(SECOND, backupset.backup_start_date, backupset.backup_finish_date) AS Duration,
                              mediafamily.physical_device_name AS Path,
                              $backupCols,
                              CASE backupset.type
                                WHEN 'L' THEN 'Log'
                                WHEN 'D' THEN 'Full'
                                WHEN 'F' THEN 'File'
                                WHEN 'I' THEN 'Differential'
                                WHEN 'G' THEN 'Differential File'
                                WHEN 'P' THEN 'Partial Full'
                                WHEN 'Q' THEN 'Partial Differential'
                                ELSE NULL
                              END AS Type,
                              backupset.media_set_id AS MediaSetId,
                              mediafamily.media_family_id as MediaFamilyId,
                              backupset.backup_set_id as BackupSetId,
                              CASE mediafamily.device_type
                                WHEN 2 THEN 'Disk'
                                WHEN 102 THEN 'Permanent Disk Device'
                                WHEN 5 THEN 'Tape'
                                WHEN 105 THEN 'Permanent Tape Device'
                                WHEN 6 THEN 'Pipe'
                                WHEN 106 THEN 'Permanent Pipe Device'
                                WHEN 7 THEN 'Virtual Device'
                                WHEN 9 THEN 'URL'
                                ELSE 'Unknown'
                              END AS DeviceType,
                              backupset.position,
                              backupset.first_lsn,
                              backupset.database_backup_lsn,
                              backupset.checkpoint_lsn,
                              backupset.last_lsn,
                              backupset.first_lsn as 'FirstLSN',
                              backupset.database_backup_lsn as 'DatabaseBackupLsn',
                              backupset.checkpoint_lsn as 'CheckpointLsn',
                              backupset.last_lsn as 'LastLsn',
                              backupset.software_major_version,
                              mediaset.software_name AS Software,
                              backupset.is_copy_only,
                              backupset.last_recovery_fork_guid,
                              backupset.recovery_model"
                }

                $from = " FROM msdb..backupmediafamily mediafamily
                             INNER JOIN msdb..backupmediaset mediaset ON mediafamily.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id
                             INNER JOIN msdb..backupset backupset ON backupset.media_set_id = mediaset.media_set_id"
                if ($Database -or $Since -or $Last -or $LastFull -or $LastLog -or $LastDiff -or $deviceTypeFilter -or $LastLsn -or $backupTypeFilter) {
                    $where = " WHERE "
                }

                $whereArray = @()

                if ($Database.length -gt 0) {
                    $dbList = $Database -join "','"
                    $whereArray += "database_name IN ('$dbList')"
                }

                if ($true -ne $IncludeCopyOnly) {
                    $whereArray += "is_copy_only='0'"
                }

                if ($Last -or $LastFull -or $LastLog -or $LastDiff) {
                    $tempWhere = $whereArray -join " AND "
                    $whereArray += "type = 'Full' AND mediaset.media_set_id = (SELECT TOP 1 mediaset.media_set_id $from $tempWhere ORDER BY backupset.last_lsn DESC)"
                }

                if ($null -ne $Since) {
                    $whereArray += "backupset.backup_finish_date >= '$($Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"))'"
                }

                if ($deviceTypeFilter) {
                    $whereArray += "mediafamily.device_type $deviceTypeFilterRight"
                }
                if ($backupTypeFilter) {
                    $whereArray += "backupset.type $backupTypeFilterRight"
                }

                if ($LastLsn) {
                    $whereArray += "backupset.last_lsn > $LastLsn"
                }
                if ($where.Length -gt 0) {
                    $whereArray = $whereArray -join " AND "
                    $where = "$where $whereArray"
                }

                $sql = "$select $from $where ORDER BY backupset.last_lsn DESC"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: `n$sql"
            Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Executing sql query."
            $results = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty BackupSetRank, RowError, RowState, Table, ItemArray, HasErrors

            if ($raw) {
                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Processing as Raw Output."
                $results | Select-Object *, @{ Name = "FullName"; Expression = { $_.Path } }
                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "$($results.Count) result sets found."
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Processing as grouped output."
                $groupedResults = $results | Group-Object -Property BackupsetId
                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "$($groupedResults.Count) result-groups found."
                $groupResults = @()
                $backupSetIds = $groupedResults.Name
                $backupSetIdsList = $backupSetIds -Join ","
                if ($groupedResults.Count -gt 0) {
                    $backupSetIdsWhere = "backup_set_id IN ($backupSetIdsList)"
                    $fileAllSql = "SELECT backup_set_id, file_type as FileType, logical_name as LogicalName, physical_name as PhysicalName
                                   FROM msdb..backupfile WHERE $backupSetIdsWhere"
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "FileSQL: $fileAllSql"
                    $fileListResults = $server.Query($fileAllSql)
                } else {
                    $fileListResults = @()
                }
                $fileListHash = @{}
                foreach ($fl in $fileListResults) {
                    if (-not($fileListHash.ContainsKey($fl.backup_set_id))) {
                        $fileListHash[$fl.backup_set_id] = @()
                    }
                    $fileListHash[$fl.backup_set_id] += $fl
                }
                foreach ($group in $groupedResults) {
                    $commonFields = $group.Group[0]
                    $groupLength = $group.Group.Count
                    if ($groupLength -eq 1) {
                        $start = $commonFields.Start
                        $end = $commonFields.End
                        $duration = New-TimeSpan -Seconds $commonFields.Duration
                    } else {
                        $start = ($group.Group.Start | Measure-Object -Minimum).Minimum
                        $end = ($group.Group.End | Measure-Object -Maximum).Maximum
                        $duration = New-TimeSpan -Seconds ($group.Group.Duration | Measure-Object -Maximum).Maximum
                    }
                    $compressedBackupSize = $commonFields.CompressedBackupSize
                    if ($compressedFlag -eq $true) {
                        $ratio = [Math]::Round(($commonFields.TotalSize) / ($compressedBackupSize), 2)
                    } else {
                        $compressedBackupSize = $null
                        $ratio = 1
                    }
                    $historyObject = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Database.BackupHistory
                    $historyObject.ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    $historyObject.InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    $historyObject.SqlInstance = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    $historyObject.Database = $commonFields.Database
                    $historyObject.UserName = $commonFields.UserName
                    $historyObject.Start = $start
                    $historyObject.End = $end
                    $historyObject.Duration = $duration
                    $historyObject.Path = $group.Group.Path
                    $historyObject.TotalSize = $commonFields.TotalSize
                    $historyObject.CompressedBackupSize = $compressedBackupSize
                    $historyObject.CompressionRatio = $ratio
                    $historyObject.Type = $commonFields.Type
                    $historyObject.BackupSetId = $commonFields.BackupSetId
                    $historyObject.DeviceType = $commonFields.DeviceType
                    $historyObject.Software = $commonFields.Software
                    $historyObject.FullName = $group.Group.Path
                    $historyObject.FileList = $fileListHash[$commonFields.BackupSetID] | Select-Object FileType, LogicalName, PhysicalName
                    $historyObject.Position = $commonFields.Position
                    $historyObject.FirstLsn = $commonFields.First_LSN
                    $historyObject.DatabaseBackupLsn = $commonFields.database_backup_lsn
                    $historyObject.CheckpointLsn = $commonFields.checkpoint_lsn
                    $historyObject.LastLsn = $commonFields.Last_Lsn
                    $historyObject.SoftwareVersionMajor = $commonFields.Software_Major_Version
                    $historyObject.IsCopyOnly = ($commonFields.is_copy_only -eq 1)
                    $historyObject.LastRecoveryForkGuid = $commonFields.last_recovery_fork_guid
                    $historyObject.RecoveryModel = $commonFields.recovery_model
                    $historyObject
                }
                $groupResults | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn, Type
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaBackupInformation {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Scan backup files and creates a set, compatible with Restore-DbaDatabase

    .DESCRIPTION
        Upon being passed a list of potential backups files this command will scan the files, select those that contain SQL Server
        backup sets. It will then filter those files down to a set

        The function defaults to working on a remote instance. This means that all paths passed in must be relative to the remote instance.
        XpDirTree will be used to perform the file scans

        Various means can be used to pass in a list of files to be considered. The default is to non recursively scan the folder
        passed in.

    .PARAMETER Path
        Path to SQL Server backup files.

        Paths passed in as strings will be scanned using the desired method, default is a non recursive folder scan
        Accepts multiple paths separated by ','

        Or it can consist of FileInfo objects, such as the output of Get-ChildItem or Get-Item. This allows you to work with
        your own file structures as needed

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance to be used to read the headers of the backup files

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.

    .PARAMETER DatabaseName
        An array of Database Names to filter by. If empty all databases are returned.

    .PARAMETER SourceInstance
        If provided only backup originating from this destination will be returned. This SQL instance will not be connected to or involved in this work

    .PARAMETER NoXpDirTree
        If this switch is set, then Files will be parsed as locally files. This can cause failures if the running user can see files that the parsing SQL Instance cannot

    .PARAMETER DirectoryRecurse
        If specified the provided path/directory will be traversed (only applies if not using XpDirTree)

    .PARAMETER Anonymise
        If specified we will output the results with ComputerName, InstanceName, Database, UserName, Paths, and Logical and Physical Names hashed out
        This options is mainly for use if we need you to submit details for fault finding to the dbatools team

    .PARAMETER ExportPath
        If specified the output will export via CliXml format to the specified file. This allows you to store the backup history object for later usage, or move it between computers

    .PARAMETER NoClobber
        If specified will stop Export from overwriting an existing file, the default is to overwrite

    .PARAMETER PassThru
        When data is exported the cmdlet will return no other output, this switch means it will also return the normal output which can be then piped into another command

    .PARAMETER MaintenanceSolution
        This switch tells the function that the folder is the root of a Ola Hallengren backup folder

    .PARAMETER IgnoreLogBackup
        This switch only works with the MaintenanceSolution switch. With an Ola Hallengren style backup we can be sure that the LOG folder contains only log backups and skip it.
        For all other scenarios we need to read the file headers to be sure.

    .PARAMETER AzureCredential
        The name of the SQL Server credential to be used if restoring from an Azure hosted backup

    .PARAMETER Import
        When specified along with a path the command will import a previously exported BackupHistory object from an xml file.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        Replaces user friendly yellow warnings with bloody red exceptions of doom!
        Use this if you want the function to throw terminating errors you want to catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl) | Stuart Moore (@napalmgram)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaBackupInformation

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path c:\backups\ -DirectoryRecurse

        Will use the Server1 instance to recursively read all backup files under c:\backups, and return a dbatools BackupHistory object

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path c:\backups\ -DirectoryRecurse -ExportPath c:\store\BackupHistory.xml
        PS C:\> robocopy c:\store\ \\remoteMachine\C$\store\ BackupHistory.xml
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupInformation -Import -Path  c:\store\BackupHistory.xml | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance Server2 -TrustDbBackupHistory

        This example creates backup history output from server1 and copies the file to the remote machine in order to preserve backup history. It is then used to restore the databases onto server2.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path c:\backups\ -DirectoryRecurse -ExportPath C:\store\BackupHistory.xml -PassThru | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance Server2 -TrustDbBackupHistory

        In this example we gather backup information, export it to an xml file, and then pass it on through to Restore-DbaDatabase.
        This allows us to repeat the restore without having to scan all the backup files again

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-ChildItem c:\backups\ -recurse -files | Where-Object {$_.extension -in ('.bak','.trn') -and $_.LastWriteTime -gt (get-date).AddMonths(-1)} | Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -ExportPath C:\backupHistory.xml

        This lets you keep a record of all backup history from the last month on hand to speed up refreshes

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\network\backups
        PS C:\> $Backups += Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server2 -NoXpDirTree -Path c:\backups

        Scan the unc folder \\network\backups with Server1, and then scan the C:\backups folder on
        Server2 not using xp_dirtree, adding the results to the first set.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\network\backups -MaintenanceSolution

        When MaintenanceSolution is indicated we know we are dealing with the output from Ola Hallengren backup scripts. So we make sure that a FULL folder exists in the first level of Path, if not we shortcut scanning all the files as we have nothing to work with

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\network\backups -MaintenanceSolution -IgnoreLogBackup

        As we know we are dealing with an Ola Hallengren style backup folder from the MaintenanceSolution switch, when IgnoreLogBackup is also included we can ignore the LOG folder to skip any scanning of log backups. Note this also means they WON'T be restored

    #>
    [CmdletBinding( DefaultParameterSetName = "Create")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "", Justification = "For Parameter AzureCredential")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$Path,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Create")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Create")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$DatabaseName,
        [string[]]$SourceInstance,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Create")]
        [Switch]$NoXpDirTree,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Create")]
        [switch]$DirectoryRecurse,
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [switch]$MaintenanceSolution,
        [switch]$IgnoreLogBackup,
        [string]$ExportPath,
        [string]$AzureCredential,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Import")]
        [switch]$Import,
        [switch][Alias('Anonymize')]$Anonymise,
        [Switch]$NoClobber,
        [Switch]$PassThru

    )
    begin {
        function Get-HashString {
            param(
                [String]$InString
            )

            $StringBuilder = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder
            [System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithm]::Create("md5").ComputeHash([System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($InString))| ForEach-Object {
                [Void]$StringBuilder.Append($_.ToString("x2"))
            }
            return $StringBuilder.ToString()
        }
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting"
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Parameters bound: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExportPath) {
            if ($true -eq $NoClobber) {
                if (Test-Path $ExportPath) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$ExportPath exists and NoClobber set"
                    return
                }
            }
        }
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "Create") {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                return
            }
        }

        if ($true -eq $IgnoreLogBackup -and $true -ne $MaintenanceSolution) {
            Write-Message -Message "IgnoreLogBackup can only by used with MaintenanceSolution. Will not be used" -Level Warning
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        if ((Test-Bound -Parameter Import) -and ($true -eq $Import)) {
            foreach ($f in $Path) {
                if (Test-Path -Path $f) {
                    $GroupResults += Import-CliXml -Path $f
                    foreach ($group in  $GroupResults) {
                        $Group.FirstLsn = [BigInt]$group.FirstLSN.ToString()
                        $Group.CheckpointLSN = [BigInt]$group.CheckpointLSN.ToString()
                        $Group.DatabaseBackupLsn = [BigInt]$group.DatabaseBackupLsn.ToString()
                        $Group.LastLsn = [BigInt]$group.LastLsn.ToString()
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Message "$f does not exist or is unreadable" -Level Warning
                }
            }
        } else {
            $Files = @()
            $groupResults = @()
            if ($Path[0] -match 'http') { $NoXpDirTree = $true }
            if ($NoXpDirTree -ne $true) {
                foreach ($f in $path) {
                    if ([System.IO.Path]::GetExtension($f).Length -gt 1) {
                        if ("Fullname" -notin $f.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                            $f = $f | Select-Object *, @{ Name = "FullName"; Expression = { $f } }
                        }
                        Write-Message -Message "Testing a single file $f " -Level Verbose
                        if ((Test-DbaPath -Path $f.fullname -SqlInstance $server)) {
                            $files += $f
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$server cannot 'see' file $($f.FullName)"
                        }
                    } elseif ($True -eq $MaintenanceSolution) {
                        if ($true -eq $IgnoreLogBackup -and [System.IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($f) -like '*LOG') {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping Log Backups as requested"
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "OLA - Getting folder contents"
                            $Files += Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile -Path $f -SqlInstance $server
                        }
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Message "Testing a folder $f" -Level Verbose
                        $Files += $Check = Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile -Path $f -SqlInstance $server
                        if ($null -eq $check) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Nothing returned from $f" -Level Verbose
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                ForEach ($f in $path) {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Not using sql for $f"
                    if ($f -is [System.IO.FileSystemInfo]) {
                        if ($f.PsIsContainer -eq $true -and $true -ne $MaintenanceSolution) {
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "folder $($f.fullname)"
                            $Files += Get-ChildItem -Path $f.fullname -File -Recurse:$DirectoryRecurse
                        } elseif ($f.PsIsContainer -eq $true -and $true -eq $MaintenanceSolution) {
                            if ($IgnoreLogBackup -and $f -notlike '*LOG' ) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping Log backups for Maintenance backups"
                            } else {
                                $Files += Get-ChildItem -Path $f.fullname -File -Recurse:$DirectoryRecurse
                            }
                        } elseif ($true -eq $MaintenanceSolution) {
                            $Files += Get-ChildItem -Path $f.fullname -Recurse:$DirectoryRecurse
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "File"
                            $Files += $f.fullname
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($true -eq $MaintenanceSolution) {
                            $Files += Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile -Path $f\FULL -SqlInstance $server -NoRecurse
                            $Files += Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile -Path $f\DIFF -SqlInstance $server -NoRecurse
                            $Files += Get-XpDirTreeRestoreFile -Path $f\LOG -SqlInstance $server -NoRecurse
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "File"
                            $Files += $f
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($True -eq $MaintenanceSolution -and $True -eq $IgnoreLogBackup) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping Log Backups as requested"
                $Files = $Files | Where-Object {$_.FullName -notlike '*\LOG\*'}
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reading backup headers of $($Files.Count) files"
            try {
                $FileDetails = Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance $server -Path $Files -AzureCredential $AzureCredential -EnableException
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure reading backup header" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            $groupdetails = $FileDetails | Group-Object -Property BackupSetGUID

            foreach ($Group in $GroupDetails) {
                $dblsn = $group.Group[0].DatabaseBackupLSN
                if (-not $dblsn) {
                    $dblsn = 0
                }
                $description = $group.Group[0].BackupTypeDescription
                if (-not $description) {
                    $header = Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance $server -Path $Path | Select-Object -First 1
                    $description = switch ($header.BackupType) {
                        1 { "Full" }
                        2 { "Differential" }
                        3 { "Log"}
                    }
                }
                $historyObject = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Database.BackupHistory
                $historyObject.ComputerName = $group.group[0].MachineName
                $historyObject.InstanceName = $group.group[0].ServiceName
                $historyObject.SqlInstance = $group.group[0].ServerName
                $historyObject.Database = $group.Group[0].DatabaseName
                $historyObject.UserName = $group.Group[0].UserName
                $historyObject.Start = [DateTime]$group.Group[0].BackupStartDate
                $historyObject.End = [DateTime]$group.Group[0].BackupFinishDate
                $historyObject.Duration = ([DateTime]$group.Group[0].BackupFinishDate - [DateTime]$group.Group[0].BackupStartDate)
                $historyObject.Path = [string[]]$Group.Group.BackupPath
                $historyObject.FileList = ($group.Group.FileList | Select-Object Type, LogicalName, PhysicalName)
                $historyObject.TotalSize = ($Group.Group.BackupSize.Byte | Measure-Object -Sum).Sum
                $HistoryObject.CompressedBackupSize = ($Group.Group.CompressedBackupSize.Byte | Measure-Object -Sum).Sum
                $historyObject.Type = $description
                $historyObject.BackupSetId = $group.group[0].BackupSetGUID
                $historyObject.DeviceType = 'Disk'
                $historyObject.FullName = $Group.Group.BackupPath
                $historyObject.Position = $group.Group[0].Position
                $historyObject.FirstLsn = $group.Group[0].FirstLSN
                $historyObject.DatabaseBackupLsn = $dblsn
                $historyObject.CheckpointLSN = $group.Group[0].CheckpointLSN
                $historyObject.LastLsn = $group.Group[0].LastLsn
                $historyObject.SoftwareVersionMajor = $group.Group[0].SoftwareVersionMajor
                $historyObject.RecoveryModel = $group.Group.RecoveryModel
                $groupResults += $historyObject
            }
        }
        if (Test-Bound 'SourceInstance') {
            $groupResults = $groupResults | Where-Object {$_.InstanceName -in $SourceInstance}
        }

        if (Test-Bound 'DatabaseName') {
            $groupResults = $groupResults | Where-Object {$_.Database -in $DatabaseName}
        }
        if ($true -eq $Anonymise) {
            foreach ($group in $GroupResults) {
                $group.ComputerName = Get-HashString -InString $group.ComputerName
                $group.InstanceName = Get-HashString -InString $group.InstanceName
                $group.SqlInstance = Get-HashString -InString $group.SqlInstance
                $group.Database = Get-HashString -InString $group.Database
                $group.UserName = Get-HashString -InString $group.UserName
                $group.Path = Get-HashString -InString  $Group.Path
                $group.FullName = Get-HashString -InString $Group.Fullname
                $group.FileList = ($group.FileList | Select-Object Type,
                    @{Name = "LogicalName"; Expression = {Get-HashString -InString $_."LogicalName"}},
                    @{Name = "PhysicalName"; Expression = {Get-HashString -InString $_."PhysicalName"}})
            }
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -parameterName exportpath) -and $null -ne $ExportPath) {
            $groupResults | Export-CliXml -Path $ExportPath -Depth 5 -NoClobber:$NoClobber
            if ($true -ne $PassThru) {
                return
            }
        }
        $groupResults | Sort-Object -Property End -Descending
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaBuildReference {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns SQL Server Build infos on a SQL instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns info about the specific build of a SQL instance, including the SP, the CU and the reference KB, wherever possible.
        It also includes End Of Support dates as specified on Microsoft Life Cycle Policy

    .PARAMETER Build
        Instead of connecting to a real instance, pass a string identifying the build to get the info back.

    .PARAMETER Kb
        Get a KB information based on its number. Supported format: KBXXXXXX, or simply XXXXXX.

    .PARAMETER MajorVersion
        Get a KB information based on SQL Server version. Can be refined further by -ServicePack and -CumulativeUpdate parameters.
        Examples: SQL2008 | 2008R2 | 2016

    .PARAMETER ServicePack
        Get a KB information based on SQL Server Service Pack version. Can be refined further by -CumulativeUpdate parameter.
        Examples: SP0 | 2 | RTM

    .PARAMETER CumulativeUpdate
        Get a KB information based on SQL Server Cumulative Update version.
         Examples: CU0 | CU13 | CU0

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Target any number of instances, in order to return their build state.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        When connecting to an instance, use the credentials specified.

    .PARAMETER Update
        Looks online for the most up to date reference, replacing the local one.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SqlBuild
        Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphold) | Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaBuildReference

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBuildReference -Build "12.00.4502"

        Returns information about a build identified by  "12.00.4502" (which is SQL 2014 with SP1 and CU11)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBuildReference -Build "12.00.4502" -Update

        Returns information about a build trying to fetch the most up to date index online. When the online version is newer, the local one gets overwritten

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBuildReference -Build "12.0.4502","10.50.4260"

        Returns information builds identified by these versions strings

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Get-DbaBuildReference

        Integrate with other cmdlets to have builds checked for all your registered servers on sqlserver2014a

    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Build')]
    param (
        [version[]]
        $Build,

        [string[]]
        $Kb,

        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]
        $MajorVersion,

        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]
        [Alias('SP')]
        $ServicePack = 'RTM',

        [string]
        [Alias('CU')]
        $CumulativeUpdate,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance,

        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PsCredential]
        $SqlCredential,

        [switch]
        $Update,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #region verifying parameters
        $ComplianceSpec = @()
        $ComplianceSpecExclusiveParams = @('Build', 'Kb', @( 'MajorVersion', 'ServicePack', 'CumulativeUpdate'), 'SqlInstance')
        foreach ($exclParamGroup in $ComplianceSpecExclusiveParams) {
            foreach ($exclParam in $exclParamGroup) {
                if (Test-Bound -Parameter $exclParam) {
                    $ComplianceSpec += $exclParam
                    break
                }
            }
        }
        if ($ComplianceSpec.Length -gt 1) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "$($ComplianceSpec -join ', ') are mutually exclusive. Please choose one or the other. Quitting."
            return
        }
        if ($ComplianceSpec.Length -eq 0) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "You need to choose at least one parameter."
            return
        }
        if (((Test-Bound -Parameter ServicePack) -or (Test-Bound -Parameter CumulativeUpdate)) -and (Test-Bound -Not -Parameter MajorVersion)) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "-MajorVersion is required when specifying SP or CU."
            return
        }
        if ($MajorVersion) {
            if ($MajorVersion -match '^(SQL)?(\d{4}(R2)?)$') {
                $MajorVersion = $Matches[2]
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Incorrect SQL Server version format: use SQL2XXX or just 2XXXX - SQL2012, SQL2008R2"
                return
            }
            if (!$ServicePack) {
                $ServicePack = 'RTM'
            }
            if ($ServicePack -match '^(SP)?\s*(\d+)$') {
                if ($Matches[2] -eq '0') {
                    $ServicePack = 'RTM'
                } else {
                    $ServicePack = 'SP' + $Matches[2]
                }
            } elseif ($ServicePack -notmatch '^RTM$') {
                Stop-Function -Message "Incorrect SQL Server service pack format: use SPX, X or RTM, where X is a service pack number"
                return
            }
            if ($CumulativeUpdate) {
                if ($CumulativeUpdate -match '^(CU)?\s*(\d+)$') {
                    if ($Matches[2] -eq '0') {
                        $CumulativeUpdate = ''
                    } else {
                        $CumulativeUpdate = 'CU' + $Matches[2]
                    }
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Incorrect SQL Server cumulative update format: use CUX or X, where X is a cumulative update number"
                    return
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion verifying parameters
        #region Helper functions
        function Get-DbaBuildReferenceIndex {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [string]
                $Moduledirectory,

                [bool]
                $Update,

                [bool]
                $EnableException
            )

            $orig_idxfile = "$Moduledirectory\bin\dbatools-buildref-index.json"
            $DbatoolsData = Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -Name 'Path.DbatoolsData'
            $writable_idxfile = Join-Path $DbatoolsData "dbatools-buildref-index.json"

            if (-not (Test-Path $orig_idxfile)) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Unable to read local SQL build reference file. Check your module integrity!"
            }

            if ((-not (Test-Path $orig_idxfile)) -and (-not (Test-Path $writable_idxfile))) {
                throw "Build reference file not found, check module health!"
            }

            # If no writable copy exists, create one and return the module original
            if (-not (Test-Path $writable_idxfile)) {
                Copy-Item -Path $orig_idxfile -Destination $writable_idxfile -Force -ErrorAction Stop
                $result = Get-Content $orig_idxfile -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
            }

            # Else, if both exist, update the writeable if necessary and return the current version
            elseif (Test-Path $orig_idxfile) {
                $module_content = Get-Content $orig_idxfile -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
                $data_content = Get-Content $writable_idxfile -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json

                $module_time = Get-Date $module_content.LastUpdated
                $data_time = Get-Date $data_content.LastUpdated

                $offline_time = $module_time
                if ($module_time -gt $data_time) {
                    Copy-Item -Path $orig_idxfile -Destination $writable_idxfile -Force -ErrorAction Stop
                    $result = $module_content
                } else {
                    $result = $data_content
                    $offline_time = $data_time
                }
                # If Update is passed, try to fetch from online resource and store into the writeable
                if ($Update) {
                    $WebContent = Get-DbaBuildReferenceIndexOnline -EnableException $EnableException
                    if ($null -ne $WebContent) {
                        $webdata_content = $WebContent.Content | ConvertFrom-Json
                        $webdata_time = Get-Date $webdata_content.LastUpdated
                        if ($webdata_time -gt $offline_time) {
                            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Index updated correctly, last update on: $(Get-Date -Date $webdata_time -Format s), was $(Get-Date -Date $offline_time -Format s)"
                            $WebContent.Content | Out-File $writable_idxfile -Encoding utf8 -ErrorAction Stop
                            $result = Get-Content $writable_idxfile -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            # Else if the module version of the file no longer exists, but the writable version exists, return the writable version
            else {
                $result = Get-Content $writable_idxfile -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
            }

            $LastUpdated = Get-Date -Date $result.LastUpdated
            if ($LastUpdated -lt (Get-Date).AddDays(-45)) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Index is stale, last update on: $(Get-Date -Date $LastUpdated -Format s), try the -Update parameter to fetch the most up to date index"
            }

            $result.Data | Select-Object @{ Name = "VersionObject"; Expression = { [version]$_.Version } }, *
        }

        function Get-DbaBuildReferenceIndexOnline {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [bool]
                $EnableException
            )
            $url = Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -Name 'assets.sqlbuildreference'
            try {
                $WebContent = Invoke-TlsWebRequest $url -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Probably using a proxy for internet access, trying default proxy settings"
                    (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials
                    $WebContent = Invoke-TlsWebRequest $url -ErrorAction Stop
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't download updated index from $url"
                    return
                }
            }
            return $WebContent
        }

        function Resolve-DbaBuild {
            [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
            [CmdletBinding()]
            [OutputType([System.Collections.Hashtable])]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Build')]
                [version]
                $Build,

                [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'KB')]
                [string]
                $Kb,

                [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'HFLevel')]
                [string]
                $MajorVersion,

                [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'HFLevel')]
                [string]
                [Alias('SP')]
                $ServicePack = 'RTM',

                [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'HFLevel')]
                [string]
                [Alias('CU')]
                $CumulativeUpdate,

                $Data,

                [bool]
                $EnableException
            )

            if ($Build) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking for $Build"

                $IdxVersion = $Data | Where-Object Version -like "$($Build.Major).$($Build.Minor).*"
            } elseif ($Kb) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking for KB $Kb"
                if ($Kb -match '^(KB)?(\d+)$') {
                    $currentKb = $Matches[2]
                    $kbVersion = $Data | Where-Object KBList -contains $currentKb
                    $IdxVersion = $Data | Where-Object Version -like "$($kbVersion.VersionObject.Major).$($kbVersion.VersionObject.Minor).*"
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Wrong KB name $kb"
                    return
                }
            } elseif ($MajorVersion) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking for SQL $MajorVersion SP $ServicePack CU $CumulativeUpdate"
                $kbVersion = $Data | Where-Object Name -eq $MajorVersion
                $IdxVersion = $Data | Where-Object Version -like "$($kbVersion.VersionObject.Major).$($kbVersion.VersionObject.Minor).*"
            }

            $Detected = @{ }
            $Detected.MatchType = 'Approximate'
            $idxCount = $IdxVersion | Measure-Object | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Count
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "We have $idxCount builds in store for this Release"
            If ($idxCount -eq 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No info in store for this Release"
                $Detected.Warning = "No info in store for this Release"
            } else {
                $LastVer = $IdxVersion[0]
            }
            foreach ($el in $IdxVersion) {
                if ($null -ne $el.Name) {
                    $Detected.Name = $el.Name
                }
                if ($Build -and $el.VersionObject -gt $Build) {
                    $Detected.MatchType = 'Approximate'
                    $Detected.Warning = "$Build not found, closest build we have is $($LastVer.Version)"
                    break
                }
                $LastVer = $el
                $Detected.BuildLevel = $el.VersionObject
                if ($null -ne $el.SP) {
                    $Detected.SP = $el.SP
                    $Detected.CU = $null
                }
                if ($null -ne $el.CU) {
                    $Detected.CU = $el.CU
                }
                if ($null -ne $el.SupportedUntil) {
                    $Detected.SupportedUntil = (Get-Date -date $el.SupportedUntil)
                }
                $Detected.Build = $el.Version
                $Detected.KB = $el.KBList
                if (($Build -and $el.Version -eq $Build) -or ($Kb -and $el.KBList -eq $currentKb)) {
                    $Detected.MatchType = 'Exact'
                    break
                } elseif ($MajorVersion -and $Detected.SP -contains $ServicePack -and (!$CumulativeUpdate -or ($el.CU -and $el.CU -eq $CumulativeUpdate))) {
                    $Detected.MatchType = 'Exact'
                    break
                }
            }
            return $Detected
        }
        #endregion Helper functions

        $moduledirectory = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Module.ModuleBase

        try {
            $IdxRef = Get-DbaBuildReferenceIndex -Moduledirectory $moduledirectory -Update $Update -EnableException $EnableException
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Error loading SQL build reference" -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            #region Ensure the connection is established
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $null = $server.Version.ToString()
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            #endregion Ensure the connection is established

            $Detected = Resolve-DbaBuild -Build $server.Version -Data $IdxRef -EnableException $EnableException

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Build          = $server.Version
                NameLevel      = $Detected.Name
                SPLevel        = $Detected.SP
                CULevel        = $Detected.CU
                KBLevel        = $Detected.KB
                BuildLevel     = $Detected.BuildLevel
                SupportedUntil = $Detected.SupportedUntil
                MatchType      = $Detected.MatchType
                Warning        = $Detected.Warning
            }
        }

        foreach ($buildstr in $Build) {
            $Detected = Resolve-DbaBuild -Build $buildstr -Data $IdxRef -EnableException $EnableException

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                SqlInstance    = $null
                Build          = $buildstr
                NameLevel      = $Detected.Name
                SPLevel        = $Detected.SP
                CULevel        = $Detected.CU
                KBLevel        = $Detected.KB
                BuildLevel     = $Detected.BuildLevel
                SupportedUntil = $Detected.SupportedUntil
                MatchType      = $Detected.MatchType
                Warning        = $Detected.Warning
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty SqlInstance
        }

        foreach ($kbItem in $Kb) {
            $Detected = Resolve-DbaBuild -Kb $kbItem -Data $IdxRef -EnableException $EnableException

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                SqlInstance    = $null
                Build          = $Detected.Build
                NameLevel      = $Detected.Name
                SPLevel        = $Detected.SP
                CULevel        = $Detected.CU
                KBLevel        = $Detected.KB
                BuildLevel     = $Detected.BuildLevel
                SupportedUntil = $Detected.SupportedUntil
                MatchType      = $Detected.MatchType
                Warning        = $Detected.Warning
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty SqlInstance
        }

        if ($MajorVersion) {
            $Detected = Resolve-DbaBuild -MajorVersion $MajorVersion -ServicePack $ServicePack -CumulativeUpdate $CumulativeUpdate -Data $IdxRef -EnableException $EnableException

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                SqlInstance    = $null
                Build          = $Detected.Build
                NameLevel      = $Detected.Name
                SPLevel        = $Detected.SP
                CULevel        = $Detected.CU
                KBLevel        = $Detected.KB
                BuildLevel     = $Detected.BuildLevel
                SupportedUntil = $Detected.SupportedUntil
                MatchType      = $Detected.MatchType
                Warning        = $Detected.Warning
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty SqlInstance
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaSqlBuildReference
    }
}
function Get-DbaClientAlias {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets any SQL Server alias for the specified server(s)

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets SQL Server alias by reading HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\Client

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer where the alias has been created

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to remote computers using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Alias
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaClientAlias

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaClientAlias

        Gets all SQL Server client aliases on the local computer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaClientAlias -ComputerName workstationx

        Gets all SQL Server client aliases on Workstationx

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaClientAlias -ComputerName workstationx -Credential ad\sqldba

        Logs into workstationx as ad\sqldba then retrieves all SQL Server client aliases on Workstationx

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Server1', 'Server2' | Get-DbaClientAlias

        Gets all SQL Server client aliases on Server1 and Server2

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $scriptblock = {

                function Get-ItemPropertyValue {
                    param (
                        [parameter()]
                        [String]$Path,
                        [parameter()]
                        [String]$Name
                    )
                    (Get-ItemProperty -LiteralPath $Path -Name $Name).$Name
                }

                $basekeys = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\MSSQLServer", "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer"

                foreach ($basekey in $basekeys) {

                    if ((Test-Path $basekey) -eq $false) {
                        <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                        Write-Warning "Base key ($basekey) does not exist. Quitting."
                        continue
                    }

                    $client = "$basekey\Client"

                    if ((Test-Path $client) -eq $false) {
                        continue
                    }

                    $connect = "$client\ConnectTo"

                    if ((Test-Path $connect) -eq $false) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($basekey -like "*WOW64*") {
                        $architecture = "32-bit"
                    } else {
                        $architecture = "64-bit"
                    }

                    # "Get SQL Server alias for $ComputerName for $architecture"
                    $all = Get-Item -Path $connect
                    foreach ($entry in $all.Property) {
                        $value = Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path $connect -Name $entry
                        $clean = $value.Replace('DBNMPNTW,', '').Replace('DBMSSOCN,', '')
                        if ($value.StartsWith('DBMSSOCN')) { $protocol = 'TCP/IP' } else { $protocol = 'Named Pipes' }

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName   = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                            NetworkLibrary = $protocol
                            ServerName     = $clean
                            AliasName      = $entry
                            AliasString    = $value
                            Architecture   = $architecture
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            try {
                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop |
                    Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, Architecture, NetworkLibrary, ServerName, AliasName
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaClientProtocol {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the SQL Server related client protocols on a computer.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the SQL Server related client protocols on one or more computers.

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).
        The client protocols can be enabled and disabled when retrieved via WSMan.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Protocol
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaClientProtocol

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaClientProtocol -ComputerName sqlserver2014a

        Gets the SQL Server related client protocols on computer sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Get-DbaClientProtocol

        Gets the SQL Server related client protocols on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaClientProtocol -ComputerName sql1,sql2 | Out-GridView

        Gets the SQL Server related client protocols on computers sql1 and sql2, and shows them in a grid view.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> (Get-DbaClientProtocol -ComputerName sql2 | Where { $_.DisplayName = 'via' }).Disable()

        Disables the VIA ClientNetworkProtocol on computer sql2.
        If successful, return code 0 is shown.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential] $Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ( $computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName ) {
            $server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $credential
            if ( $server.FullComputerName ) {
                $computer = $server.FullComputerName
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting SQL Server namespace on $computer"
                $namespace = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $computer -Namespace root\Microsoft\SQLServer -Query "Select * FROM __NAMESPACE WHERE Name LIke 'ComputerManagement%'" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue |
                    Where-Object {(Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $computer -Namespace $("root\Microsoft\SQLServer\" + $_.Name) -ClassName ClientNetworkProtocol -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).count -gt 0} |
                    Sort-Object Name -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

                if ( $namespace.Name ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Cim class ClientNetworkProtocol in Namespace $($namespace.Name) on $computer"
                    try {
                        $prot = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $computer -Namespace $("root\Microsoft\SQLServer\" + $namespace.Name) -ClassName ClientNetworkProtocol -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                        $prot | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptProperty -Name IsEnabled -Value { switch ( $this.ProtocolOrder ) { 0 { $false } default { $true } } }
                        $prot | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name Enable -Value {Invoke-CimMethod -MethodName SetEnable -InputObject $this }
                        $prot | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name Disable -Value {Invoke-CimMethod -MethodName SetDisable -InputObject $this }

                        foreach ( $protocol in $prot ) {
                            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $protocol -Property 'PSComputerName as ComputerName', 'ProtocolDisplayName as DisplayName', 'ProtocolDll as DLL', 'ProtocolOrder as Order', 'IsEnabled'
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No Sql ClientNetworkProtocol found on $computer"
                    }
                } #if namespace
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No ComputerManagement Namespace on $computer. Please note that this function is available from SQL 2005 up."
                } #else no namespace
            } #if computername
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to $computer"
            }
        } #foreach computer
    }
}
function Get-DbaCmConnection {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Retrieves windows management connections from the cache

    .DESCRIPTION
        Retrieves windows management connections from the cache

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The computername to ComputerName for.

    .PARAMETER UserName
        Username on credentials to look for. Will not find connections using the default windows credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ComputerManagement, CIM
        Author: Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCmConnection

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmConnection

        List all cached connections.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmConnection sql2014

        List the cached connection - if any - to the server sql2014.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmConnection -UserName "*charles*"

        List all cached connection that use a username containing "charles" as default or override credentials.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param
    (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('Filter')]
        [String[]]
        $ComputerName = "*",

        [String]
        $UserName = "*",

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($name in $ComputerName) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing search. ComputerName: '$name' | Username: '$UserName'"
            ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections.Values | Where-Object { ($_.ComputerName -like $name) -and ($_.Credentials.UserName -like $UserName) })
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Ending"
    }
}
function Get-DbaCmObject {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Retrieves Wmi/Cim-Style information from computers.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function centralizes all requests for information retrieved from Get-WmiObject or Get-CimInstance.
        It uses different protocols as available in this order:
        - Cim over WinRM
        - Cim over DCOM
        - Wmi
        - Wmi over PowerShell Remoting
        It remembers channels that didn't work and will henceforth avoid them. It remembers invalid credentials and will avoid reusing them.
        Much of its behavior can be configured using Test-DbaCmConnection.

    .PARAMETER ClassName
        The name of the class to retrieve.

    .PARAMETER Query
        The Wmi/Cim query tu run against the server.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The computer(s) to connect to. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credentials to use. Invalid credentials will be stored in a credentials cache and not be reused.

    .PARAMETER Namespace
        The namespace of the class to use.

    .PARAMETER DoNotUse
        Connection Protocols that should not be used.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Overrides some checks that might otherwise halt execution as a precaution
        - Ignores timeout on bad connections

    .PARAMETER SilentlyContinue
        Use in conjunction with the -EnableException switch.
        By default, Get-DbaCmObject will throw a terminating exception when connecting to a target is impossible in exception enabled mode.
        Setting this switch will cause it write a non-terminating exception and continue with the next computer.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ComputerManagement, CIM
        Author: Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCmObject

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmObject win32_OperatingSystem

        Retrieves the common operating system information from the local computer.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmObject -Computername "sql2014" -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem -Credential $cred -DoNotUse CimRM

        Retrieves the common operating system information from the server sql2014.
        It will use the Credentials stored in $cred to connect, unless they are known to not work, in which case they will default to windows credentials (unless another default has been set).

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Class")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingWMICmdlet", "", Justification = "Using Get-WmiObject is used as a fallback for gathering information")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, Position = 0, ParameterSetName = "Class")]
        [Alias('Class')]
        [string]
        $ClassName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory, Position = 0, ParameterSetName = "Query")]
        [string]
        $Query,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter[]]
        $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [string]
        $Namespace = "root\cimv2",

        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnectionType[]]
        $DoNotUse = "None",

        [switch]
        $Force,

        [switch]
        $SilentlyContinue,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #region Configuration Values
        $disable_cache = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::DisableCache

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Configuration loaded | Cache disabled: $disable_cache"
        #endregion Configuration Values

        $ParSet = $PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName
    }
    process {
        # uses cim commands
        :main foreach ($connectionObject in $ComputerName) {
            if (-not $connectionObject.Success) { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to interpret input: $($connectionObject.Input)" -Category InvalidArgument -Target $connectionObject.Input -Continue -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue }

            # Since all connection caching runs using lower-case strings, making it lowercase here simplifies things.
            $computer = $connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName.ToLower()

            Write-Message -Message "[$computer] Retrieving Management Information" -Level VeryVerbose -Target $computer

            $connection = $connectionObject.Connection

            # Ensure using the right credentials
            try { $cred = $connection.GetCredential($Credential) }
            catch {
                $message = "Bad credentials! "
                if ($Credential) { $message += "The credentials for $($Credential.UserName) are known to not work. " }
                else { $message += "The windows credentials are known to not work. " }
                if ($connection.EnableCredentialFailover -or $connection.OverrideExplicitCredential) { $message += "The connection is configured to use credentials that are known to be good, but none have been registered yet. " }
                elseif ($connection.Credentials) { $message += "Working credentials are known for $($connection.Credentials.UserName), however the connection is not configured to automatically use them. This can be done using 'Set-DbaCmConnection -ComputerName $connection -OverrideExplicitCredential' " }
                elseif ($connection.UseWindowsCredentials) { $message += "The windows credentials are known to work, however the connection is not configured to automatically use them. This can be done using 'Set-DbaCmConnection -ComputerName $connection -OverrideExplicitCredential' " }
                $message += $_.Exception.Message
                Stop-Function -Message $message -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $connection -Continue -OverrideExceptionMessage
            }

            # Flags-Enumerations cannot be added in PowerShell 4 or older.
            # Thus we create a string and convert it afterwards.
            $enabledProtocols = "None"
            if ($connection.CimRM -notlike "Disabled") { $enabledProtocols += ", CimRM" }
            if ($connection.CimDCOM -notlike "Disabled") { $enabledProtocols += ", CimDCOM" }
            if ($connection.Wmi -notlike "Disabled") { $enabledProtocols += ", Wmi" }
            if ($connection.PowerShellRemoting -notlike "Disabled") { $enabledProtocols += ", PowerShellRemoting" }
            [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnectionType]$enabledProtocols = $enabledProtocols

            # Create list of excluded connection types (Duplicates don't matter)
            $excluded = @()
            foreach ($item in $DoNotUse) { $excluded += $item }

            :sub while ($true) {
                try { $conType = $connection.GetConnectionType(($excluded -join ","), $Force) }
                catch {
                    if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                    Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Unable to find a connection to the target system. Ensure the name is typed correctly, and the server allows any of the following protocols: $enabledProtocols" -Target $computer -Category OpenError -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -ErrorRecord $_
                }

                switch ($conType.ToString()) {
                    #region CimRM
                    "CimRM" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using Cim over WinRM"
                        try {
                            if ($ParSet -eq "Class") { $connection.GetCimRMInstance($cred, $ClassName, $Namespace) }
                            else { $connection.QueryCimRMInstance($cred, $Query, "WQL", $Namespace) }

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using Cim over WinRM - Success"
                            $connection.ReportSuccess('CimRM')
                            $connection.AddGoodCredential($cred)
                            if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                            continue main
                        } catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using Cim over WinRM - Failed"

                            # 1 = Generic runtime error
                            if ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 1) {
                                # 0x8007052e, 0x80070005 : Authentication error, bad credential
                                if (($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x8007052e) -or ($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x80070005)) {
                                    # Ignore the global setting for bad credential cache disabling, since the connection object is aware of that state and will ignore input if it should.
                                    # This is due to the ability to locally override the global setting, thus it must be done on the object and can then be done in code
                                    $connection.AddBadCredential($cred)
                                    if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                                    Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid connection credentials" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                } elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.MessageId -eq "HRESULT 0x80041013") {
                                    if ($ParSet -eq "Class") { Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Failed to access $class in namespace $Namespace" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException }
                                    else { Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Failed to execute $query in namespace $Namespace" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException }
                                } else {
                                    $connection.ReportFailure('CimRM')
                                    $excluded += "CimRM"
                                    continue sub
                                }
                            }

                            # 2 = Access to specific resource denied
                            elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 2) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Access to computer granted, but access to $Namespace\$ClassName denied" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            }

                            # 3 = Invalid Namespace
                            elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 3) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid namespace: $Namespace" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            }
                            # 5 = Invalid Class
                            # See here for code reference: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc150671(v=vs.85).aspx
                            elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 5) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid class name ($ClassName), not found in current namespace ($Namespace)" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            }

                            # 0 & ExtendedStatus = Weird issue beyond the scope of the CIM standard. Often a server-side issue
                            elseif (($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 0) -and ($_.Exception.InnerException.ErrorData.original_error -like "__ExtendedStatus")) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Something went wrong when looking for $ClassName, in $Namespace. This often indicates issues with the target system." -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue
                            } else {
                                $connection.ReportFailure('CimRM')
                                $excluded += "CimRM"
                                continue sub
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion CimRM

                    #region CimDCOM
                    "CimDCOM" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using Cim over DCOM"
                        try {
                            if ($ParSet -eq "Class") { $connection.GetCimDCOMInstance($cred, $ClassName, $Namespace) }
                            else { $connection.QueryCimDCOMInstance($cred, $Query, "WQL", $Namespace) }

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using Cim over DCOM - Success"
                            $connection.ReportSuccess('CimDCOM')
                            $connection.AddGoodCredential($cred)
                            if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                            continue main
                        } catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using Cim over DCOM - Failed"

                            # 1 = Generic runtime error
                            if ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 1) {
                                # 0x8007052e, 0x80070005 : Authentication error, bad credential
                                if (($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x8007052e) -or ($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x80070005)) {
                                    # Ignore the global setting for bad credential cache disabling, since the connection object is aware of that state and will ignore input if it should.
                                    # This is due to the ability to locally override the global setting, thus it must be done on the object and can then be done in code
                                    $connection.AddBadCredential($cred)
                                    if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                                    Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid connection credentials" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                } elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.MessageId -eq "HRESULT 0x80041013") {
                                    if ($ParSet -eq "Class") { Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Failed to access $class in namespace $Namespace" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException }
                                    else { Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Failed to execute $query in namespace $Namespace" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException }
                                } else {
                                    $connection.ReportFailure('CimDCOM')
                                    $excluded += "CimDCOM"
                                    continue sub
                                }
                            }

                            # 2 = Access to specific resource denied
                            elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 2) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Access to computer granted, but access to $Namespace\$ClassName denied" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            }

                            # 3 = Invalid Namespace
                            elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 3) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid namespace: $Namespace" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            }

                            # 5 = Invalid Class
                            # See here for code reference: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc150671(v=vs.85).aspx
                            elseif ($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 5) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid class name ($ClassName), not found in current namespace ($Namespace)" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            }

                            # 0 & ExtendedStatus = Weird issue beyond the scope of the CIM standard. Often a server-side issue
                            elseif (($_.Exception.InnerException.StatusCode -eq 0) -and ($_.Exception.InnerException.ErrorData.original_error -like "__ExtendedStatus")) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Something went wrong when looking for $ClassName, in $Namespace. This often indicates issues with the target system." -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue
                            }

                            else {
                                $connection.ReportFailure('CimDCOM')
                                $excluded += "CimDCOM"
                                continue sub
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion CimDCOM

                    #region Wmi
                    "Wmi" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using WMI"
                        try {
                            switch ($ParSet) {
                                "Class" {
                                    $parameters = @{
                                        ComputerName = $computer
                                        ClassName    = $ClassName
                                        ErrorAction  = 'Stop'
                                    }
                                    if ($cred) { $parameters["Credential"] = $cred }
                                    if (Test-Bound "Namespace") { $parameters["Namespace"] = $Namespace }

                                }
                                "Query" {
                                    $parameters = @{
                                        ComputerName = $computer
                                        Query        = $Query
                                        ErrorAction  = 'Stop'
                                    }
                                    if ($cred) { $parameters["Credential"] = $cred }
                                    if (Test-Bound "Namespace") { $parameters["Namespace"] = $Namespace }
                                }
                            }

                            Get-WmiObject @parameters

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using WMI - Success"
                            $connection.ReportSuccess('Wmi')
                            $connection.AddGoodCredential($cred)
                            if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                            continue main
                        } catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using WMI - Failed" -ErrorRecord $_

                            if ($_.CategoryInfo.Reason -eq "UnauthorizedAccessException") {
                                # Ignore the global setting for bad credential cache disabling, since the connection object is aware of that state and will ignore input if it should.
                                # This is due to the ability to locally override the global setting, thus it must be done on the object and can then be done in code
                                $connection.AddBadCredential($cred)
                                if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid connection credentials" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue
                            } elseif ($_.CategoryInfo.Category -eq "InvalidType") {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Invalid class name ($ClassName), not found in current namespace ($Namespace)" -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue
                            } elseif ($_.Exception.ErrorCode -eq "ProviderLoadFailure") {
                                Stop-Function -Message "[$computer] Failed to access: $ClassName, in namespace: $Namespace - There was a provider error. This indicates a potential issue with WMI on the server side." -Target $computer -Continue -ContinueLabel "main" -ErrorRecord $_ -SilentlyContinue:$SilentlyContinue
                            } else {
                                $connection.ReportFailure('Wmi')
                                $excluded += "Wmi"
                                continue sub
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion Wmi

                    #region PowerShell Remoting
                    "PowerShellRemoting" {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using PowerShell Remoting"
                            $scp_string = "Get-WmiObject -Class $ClassName -ErrorAction Stop"
                            if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("Namespace")) { $scp_string += " -Namespace $Namespace" }

                            $parameters = @{
                                ScriptBlock  = ([System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]::Create($scp_string))
                                ComputerName = $ComputerName
                                ErrorAction  = 'Stop'
                            }
                            if ($Credential) { $parameters["Credential"] = $Credential }
                            Invoke-Command @parameters

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$computer] Accessing computer using PowerShell Remoting - Success"
                            $connection.ReportSuccess('PowerShellRemoting')
                            $connection.AddGoodCredential($cred)
                            if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$computer] = $connection }
                            continue main
                        } catch {
                            # Will always consider authenticated, since any call with credentials to a server that doesn't exist will also carry invalid credentials error.
                            # There simply is no way to differentiate between actual authentication errors and server not reached
                            $connection.ReportFailure('PowerShellRemoting')
                            $excluded += "PowerShellRemoting"
                            continue sub
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion PowerShell Remoting
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaCmsRegServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets list of SQL Server objects stored in SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS).

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns an array of servers found in the CMS.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        Specifies one or more names to include. Name is the visible name in SSMS CMS interface (labeled Registered Server Name)

    .PARAMETER ServerName
        Specifies one or more server names to include. Server Name is the actual instance name (labeled Server Name)

    .PARAMETER Group
        Specifies one or more groups to include from SQL Server Central Management Server.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeGroup
        Specifies one or more Central Management Server groups to exclude.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeCmsServer
        Deprecated, now follows the Microsoft convention of not including it by default. If you'd like to include the CMS Server, use -IncludeSelf

    .PARAMETER Id
        Get server by Id(s)

    .PARAMETER IncludeSelf
        If this switch is enabled, the CMS server itself will be included in the results, along with all other Registered Servers.

    .PARAMETER ResolveNetworkName
        If this switch is enabled, the NetBIOS name and IP address(es) of each server will be returned.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: RegisteredServer, CMS
        Author: Bryan Hamby (@galador)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCmsRegServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Gets a list of servers from the CMS on sqlserver2014a, using Windows Credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -IncludeSelf

        Gets a list of servers from the CMS on sqlserver2014a and includes sqlserver2014a in the output results.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $credential | Select-Object -Unique -ExpandProperty ServerName

        Returns only the server names from the CMS on sqlserver2014a, using SQL Authentication to authenticate to the server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Group HR, Accounting

        Gets a list of servers in the HR and Accounting groups from the CMS on sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Group HR\Development

        Returns a list of servers in the HR and sub-group Development from the CMS on sqlserver2014a.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Name,
        [string[]]$ServerName,
        [Alias("Groups")]
        [object[]]$Group,
        [object[]]$ExcludeGroup,
        [int[]]$Id,
        [switch]$IncludeSelf,
        [switch]$ExcludeCmsServer,
        [switch]$ResolveNetworkName,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($ResolveNetworkName) {
            $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'FQDN', 'IPAddress', 'Name', 'ServerName', 'Group', 'Description'
        }
        $defaults = 'Name', 'ServerName', 'Group', 'Description'
    }
    process {
        $servers = @()
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ($Group) {
                $groupservers = Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Group $Group -ExcludeGroup $ExcludeGroup
                if ($groupservers) {
                    $servers += $groupservers.GetDescendantRegisteredServers()
                }
            } else {
                try {
                    $serverstore = Get-DbaCmsRegServerStore -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -EnableException
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Cannot access Central Management Server '$instance'." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
                $servers += ($serverstore.DatabaseEngineServerGroup.GetDescendantRegisteredServers())
                $serverstore.ServerConnection.Disconnect()
            }
        }

        if ($Name) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Filtering by name for $name"
            $servers = $servers | Where-Object Name -in $Name
        }

        if ($ServerName) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Filtering by servername for $servername"
            $servers = $servers | Where-Object ServerName -in $ServerName
        }

        if ($Id) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Filtering by id for $Id (1 = default/root)"
            $servers = $servers | Where-Object Id -in $Id
        }

        if ($ExcludeGroup) {
            $excluded = Get-DbaCmsRegServer $serverstore.ServerConnection.SqlConnectionObject -Group $ExcludeGroup
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Excluding $ExcludeGroup"
            $servers = $servers | Where-Object { $_.Urn.Value -notin $excluded.Urn.Value }
        }

        foreach ($server in $servers) {
            $groupname = Get-RegServerGroupReverseParse $server
            if ($groupname -eq $server.Name) {
                $groupname = $null
            } else {
                $groupname = ($groupname).Split("\")
                $groupname = $groupname[0 .. ($groupname.Count - 2)]
                $groupname = ($groupname -join "\")
            }


            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $serverstore.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $serverstore.InstanceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $serverstore.SqlInstance
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Group -value $groupname
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name FQDN -Value $null
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType NoteProperty -Name IPAddress -Value $null

            if ($ResolveNetworkName) {
                try {
                    $lookup = Resolve-DbaNetworkName $server.ServerName -Turbo
                    $server.ComputerName = $lookup.ComputerName
                    $server.FQDN = $lookup.FQDN
                    $server.IPAddress = $lookup.IPAddress
                } catch {
                    try {
                        $lookup = Resolve-DbaNetworkName $server.ServerName
                        $server.ComputerName = $lookup.ComputerName
                        $server.FQDN = $lookup.FQDN
                        $server.IPAddress = $lookup.IPAddress
                    } catch {
                        # here to avoid an empty catch
                        $null = 1
                    }
                }
            }
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $server -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name ToString -Value { $this.ServerName }
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $server -Property $defaults
        }

        if ($IncludeSelf -and $servers) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding CMS instance"
            $self = $servers[0].PsObject.Copy()
            $self | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Name -Value "CMS Instance" -Force
            $self.ServerName = $instance
            $self.Description = $null
            $self.SecureConnectionString = $null
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $self -Property $defaults
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter ExcludeCmsServer
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaRegisteredServerName
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-SqlRegisteredServerName
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets list of Server Groups objects stored in SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS).

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns an array of Server Groups found in the CMS.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Group
        Specifies one or more groups to include from SQL Server Central Management Server.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeGroup
        Specifies one or more Central Management Server groups to exclude.

    .PARAMETER Id
        Get group by Id(s). This parameter only works if the group has a registered server in it.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: RegisteredServer, CMS
        Author: Tony Wilhelm (@tonywsql)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Gets the top level groups from the CMS on sqlserver2014a, using Windows Credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $credential

        Gets the top level groups from the CMS on sqlserver2014a, using alternative credentials to authenticate to the server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Group HR, Accounting

        Gets the HR and Accounting groups from the CMS on sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Group HR\Development

        Returns the sub-group Development of the HR group from the CMS on sqlserver2014a.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Group,
        [object[]]$ExcludeGroup,
        [int[]]$Id,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Get-DbaCmsRegServerStore -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -EnableException
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot access Central Management Server '$instance'" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            $groups = @()

            if ($group) {
                foreach ($currentgroup in $Group) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $currentgroup"
                    if ($currentgroup -is [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup]) {
                        $currentgroup = Get-RegServerGroupReverseParse -object $currentgroup
                    }

                    if ($currentgroup -match 'DatabaseEngineServerGroup\\') {
                        $currentgroup = $currentgroup.Replace('DatabaseEngineServerGroup\', '')
                    }

                    if ($currentgroup -match '\\') {
                        $split = $currentgroup.Split('\\')
                        $i = 0
                        $groupobject = $server.DatabaseEngineServerGroup
                        do {
                            if ($groupobject) {
                                $groupobject = $groupobject.ServerGroups[$split[$i]]
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Parsed $($groupobject.Name)"
                            }
                        }
                        until ($i++ -eq $split.GetUpperBound(0))
                        if ($groupobject) {
                            $groups += $groupobject
                        }
                    } else {
                        try {
                            $thisgroup = $server.DatabaseEngineServerGroup.ServerGroups[$currentgroup]
                            if ($thisgroup) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Added $($thisgroup.Name)"
                                $groups += $thisgroup
                            }
                        } catch {
                            # here to avoid an empty catch
                            $null = 1
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Added all root server groups"
                $groups = $server.DatabaseEngineServerGroup.ServerGroups
            }

            if ($Group -eq 'DatabaseEngineServerGroup') {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Added root group"
                $groups = $server.DatabaseEngineServerGroup
            }

            if ($ExcludeGroup) {
                $excluded = Get-DbaCmsRegServer $server -Group $ExcludeGroup
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Excluding $ExcludeGroup"
                $groups = $groups | Where-Object { $_.Urn.Value -notin $excluded.Urn.Value }
            }

            if ($Id) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Filtering for id $Id. Id 1 = default."
                if ($Id -eq 1) {
                    $groups = $server.DatabaseEngineServerGroup | Where-Object Id -in $Id
                } else {
                    $groups = $server.DatabaseEngineServerGroup.GetDescendantRegisteredServers().Parent | Where-Object Id -in $Id
                }
            }
            $server.ServerConnection.Disconnect()
            foreach ($groupobject in $groups) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $groupobject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $groupobject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.InstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $groupobject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.SqlInstance

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $groupobject -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, DisplayName, Description, ServerGroups, RegisteredServers
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaRegisteredServerGroup
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaCmsRegServerStore {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns a SQL Server Registered Server Store Object

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns a SQL Server Registered Server Store object - useful for working with Central Management Store

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: RegisteredServer,CMS
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCmsRegServerStore

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServerStore -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Returns a SQL Server Registered Server Store Object from sqlserver2014a

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServerStore -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential sqladmin

        Returns a SQL Server Registered Server Store Object from sqlserver2014a  by logging in with the sqladmin login

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $store = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServersStore($server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot access Central Management Server on $instance" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $store -ExcludeProperty ServerConnection, DomainInstanceName, DomainName, Urn, Properties, Metadata, Parent, ConnectionContext, PropertyMetadataChanged, PropertyChanged
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaRegisteredServerStore
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaComputerCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Simplifies finding computer certificates that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets computer certificates on localhost that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
       The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost. If target is a cluster, you must specify the distinct nodes.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER Store
        Certificate store - defaults to LocalMachine

    .PARAMETER Folder
        Certificate folder - defaults to My (Personal)

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to a certificate - basically changes the path into a certificate object

    .PARAMETER Thumbprint
        Return certificate based on thumbprint

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaComputerCertificate

        Gets computer certificates on localhost that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName sql2016

        Gets computer certificates on sql2016 that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName sql2016 -Thumbprint 8123472E32AB412ED4288888B83811DB8F504DED, 04BFF8B3679BB01A986E097868D8D494D70A46D6

        Gets computer certificates on sql2016 that match thumbprints 8123472E32AB412ED4288888B83811DB8F504DED or 04BFF8B3679BB01A986E097868D8D494D70A46D6

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$Store = "LocalMachine",
        [string]$Folder = "My",
        [string]$Path,
        [string[]]$Thumbprint,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #region Scriptblock for remoting
        $scriptblock = {
            param (
                $Thumbprint,
                $Store,
                $Folder,
                $Path
            )

            if ($Path) {
                $bytes = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes($path)
                $Certificate = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2
                $Certificate.Import($bytes, $null, [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::DefaultKeySet)
                return $Certificate
            }
            
            function Get-CoreCertStore {
                [CmdletBinding()]
                param (
                    [ValidateSet("CurrentUser", "LocalMachine")]
                    [string]$Store,
                    [ValidateSet("AddressBook", "AuthRoot, CertificateAuthority", "Disallowed", "My", "Root", "TrustedPeople", "TrustedPublisher")]
                    [string]$Folder,
                    [ValidateSet("ReadOnly", "ReadWrite")]
                    [string]$Flag = "ReadOnly"
                )
                
                $storename = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.StoreLocation]::$Store
                $foldername = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.StoreName]::$Folder
                $flags = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.OpenFlags]::$Flag
                $certstore = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store]::New($foldername, $storename)
                $certstore.Open($flags)
                
                $certstore
            }
            
            function Get-CoreCertificate {
                [CmdletBinding()]
                param (
                    [ValidateSet("CurrentUser", "LocalMachine")]
                    [string]$Store,
                    [ValidateSet("AddressBook", "AuthRoot, CertificateAuthority", "Disallowed", "My", "Root", "TrustedPeople", "TrustedPublisher")]
                    [string]$Folder,
                    [ValidateSet("ReadOnly", "ReadWrite")]
                    [string]$Flag = "ReadOnly",
                    [string[]]$Thumbprint,
                    [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store[]]$InputObject
                )
                
                if (-not $InputObject) {
                    $InputObject += Get-CoreCertStore -Store $Store -Folder $Folder -Flag $Flag
                }
                
                $certs = ($InputObject).Certificates
                
                if ($Thumbprint) {
                    $certs = $certs | Where-Object Thumbprint -in $Thumbprint
                }
                
                $certs
            }
            
            if ($Thumbprint) {
                try {
                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Verbose "Searching Cert:\$Store\$Folder"
                    Get-CoreCertificate -Store $Store -Folder $Folder -Thumbprint $Thumbprint
                } catch {
                    # don't care - there's a weird issue with remoting where an exception gets thrown for no apparent reason
                    # here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }
            } else {
                try {
                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Verbose "Searching Cert:\$Store\$Folder"
                    Get-CoreCertificate -Store $Store -Folder $Folder | Where-Object EnhancedKeyUsageList -match '1\.3\.6\.1\.5\.5\.7\.3\.1'
                } catch {
                    # still don't care
                    # here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion Scriptblock for remoting
    }
    
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            try {
                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $thumbprint, $Store, $Folder, $Path -ErrorAction Stop | Select-DefaultView -Property FriendlyName, DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue connecting to computer" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaComputerSystem {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets computer system information from the server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets computer system information from the server and returns as an object.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        Target computer(s). If no computer name is specified, the local computer is targeted

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Alternate credential object to use for accessing the target computer(s).

    .PARAMETER IncludeAws
        If computer is hosted in AWS Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), additional information will be included.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ServerInfo
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton), https://wsmelton.github.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaComputerSystem

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaComputerSystem

        Returns information about the local computer's computer system

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaComputerSystem -ComputerName sql2016

        Returns information about the sql2016's computer system

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaComputerSystem -ComputerName sql2016 -IncludeAws

        Returns information about the sql2016's computer system and includes additional properties around the EC2 instance.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$IncludeAws,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            try {
                $server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Credential $Credential

                $computerResolved = $server.FullComputerName

                if (!$computerResolved) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to resolve hostname of $computer. Skipping." -Continue
                }

                if (Test-Bound "Credential") {
                    $computerSystem = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_ComputerSystem -ComputerName $computerResolved -Credential $Credential
                } else {
                    $computerSystem = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_ComputerSystem -ComputerName $computerResolved
                }

                $adminPasswordStatus =
                switch ($computerSystem.AdminPasswordStatus) {
                    0 { "Disabled" }
                    1 { "Enabled" }
                    2 { "Not Implemented" }
                    3 { "Unknown" }
                    default { "Unknown" }
                }

                $domainRole =
                switch ($computerSystem.DomainRole) {
                    0 { "Standalone Workstation" }
                    1 { "Member Workstation" }
                    2 { "Standalone Server" }
                    3 { "Member Server" }
                    4 { "Backup Domain Controller" }
                    5 { "Primary Domain Controller" }
                }

                $isHyperThreading = $false
                if ($computerSystem.NumberOfLogicalProcessors -gt $computerSystem.NumberofProcessors) {
                    $isHyperThreading = $true
                }

                if ($IncludeAws) {
                    $isAws = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computerResolved -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { ((Invoke-TlsWebRequest -TimeoutSec 15 -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254').StatusCode) -eq 200 } -Raw

                    if ($isAws) {
                        $scriptBlock = {
                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                AmiId            = (Invoke-TlsWebRequest -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/ami-id').Content
                                IamRoleArn       = ((Invoke-TlsWebRequest -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/info').Content | ConvertFrom-Json).InstanceProfileArn
                                InstanceId       = (Invoke-TlsWebRequest -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id').Content
                                InstanceType     = (Invoke-TlsWebRequest -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-type').Content
                                AvailabilityZone = (Invoke-TlsWebRequest -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone').Content
                                PublicHostname   = (Invoke-TlsWebRequest -Uri 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-hostname').Content
                            }
                        }
                        $awsProps = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computerResolved -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptBlock
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$computerResolved was not found to be an EC2 instance. Verify http://169.254.169.254 is accessible on the computer."
                    }
                }
                $inputObject = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName            = $computerResolved
                    Domain                  = $computerSystem.Domain
                    DomainRole              = $domainRole
                    Manufacturer            = $computerSystem.Manufacturer
                    Model                   = $computerSystem.Model
                    SystemFamily            = $computerSystem.SystemFamily
                    SystemSkuNumber         = $computerSystem.SystemSKUNumber
                    SystemType              = $computerSystem.SystemType
                    NumberLogicalProcessors = $computerSystem.NumberOfLogicalProcessors
                    NumberProcessors        = $computerSystem.NumberOfProcessors
                    IsHyperThreading        = $isHyperThreading
                    TotalPhysicalMemory     = [DbaSize]$computerSystem.TotalPhysicalMemory
                    IsDaylightSavingsTime   = $computerSystem.EnableDaylightSavingsTime
                    DaylightInEffect        = $computerSystem.DaylightInEffect
                    DnsHostName             = $computerSystem.DNSHostName
                    IsSystemManagedPageFile = $computerSystem.AutomaticManagedPagefile
                    AdminPasswordStatus     = $adminPasswordStatus
                }
                if ($IncludeAws -and $isAws) {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $inputObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AwsAmiId -Value $awsProps.AmiId
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $inputObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AwsIamRoleArn -Value $awsProps.IamRoleArn
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $inputObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AwsEc2InstanceId -Value $awsProps.InstanceId
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $inputObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AwsEc2InstanceType -Value $awsProps.InstanceType
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $inputObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AwsAvailabilityZone -Value $awsProps.AvailabilityZone
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $inputObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AwsPublicHostName -Value $awsProps.PublicHostname
                }
                $excludes = 'SystemSkuNumber', 'IsDaylightSavingsTime', 'DaylightInEffect', 'DnsHostName', 'AdminPasswordStatus'
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $inputObject -ExcludeProperty $excludes
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaConnection {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns a bunch of information from dm_exec_connections.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns a bunch of information from dm_exec_connections which, according to Microsoft:
        "Returns information about the connections established to this instance of SQL Server and the details of each connection. Returns server wide connection information for SQL Server. Returns current database connection information for SQL Database."

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server(s) must be SQL Server 2005 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Connection
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaConnection

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaConnection -SqlInstance sql2016, sql2017

        Returns client connection information from sql2016 and sql2017

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential", "Cred")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                            ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                            SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                            session_id as SessionId, most_recent_session_id as MostRecentSessionId, connect_time as ConnectTime,
                            net_transport as Transport, protocol_type as ProtocolType, protocol_version as ProtocolVersion,
                            endpoint_id as EndpointId, encrypt_option as EncryptOption, auth_scheme as AuthScheme, node_affinity as NodeAffinity,
                            num_reads as Reads, num_writes as Writes, last_read as LastRead, last_write as LastWrite,
                            net_packet_size as PacketSize, client_net_address as ClientNetworkAddress, client_tcp_port as ClientTcpPort,
                            local_net_address as ServerNetworkAddress, local_tcp_port as ServerTcpPort, connection_id as ConnectionId,
                            parent_connection_id as ParentConnectionId, most_recent_sql_handle as MostRecentSqlHandle
                            FROM sys.dm_exec_connections"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Getting results for the following query: $sql."
            try {
                $server.Query($sql)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $server -Exception $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaCpuRingBuffer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Collects CPU data from sys.dm_os_ring_buffers.  Works on SQL Server 2005 and above.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command is based off of Glen Berry's diagnostic query for average CPU

        The sys.dm_os_ring_buffers stores the average CPU utilization history
        by the current instance of SQL Server, plus the summed average CPU utilization
        by all other processes on your machine are captured in one minute increments
        for the past 256 minutes.

        Reference: https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/glenn/sql-server-diagnostic-information-queries-detailed-day-16//

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Allows you to specify a comma separated list of servers to query.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use:
        $cred = Get-Credential, this pass this $cred to the param.

        Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.

    .PARAMETER CollectionMinutes
        Allows you to specify a Collection Period in Minutes. Default is 60 minutes

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: CPU
        Author: Patrick Flynn (@sqllensman)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCpuRingBuffer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCpuRingBuffer -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Gets CPU Statistics from sys.dm_os_ring_buffers for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012 for last 60 minutes.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCpuRingBuffer -SqlInstance sql2008 -CollectionMinutes 240

        Gets CPU Statistics from sys.dm_os_ring_buffers for server sql2008 for last 240 minutes

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $output = Get-DbaCpuRingBuffer -SqlInstance sql2008 -CollectionMinutes 240 | Select * | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable

        Gets CPU Statistics from sys.dm_os_ring_buffers for server sql2008 for last 240 minutes into a Data Table.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql2008','sql2012' | Get-DbaCpuRingBuffer

        Gets CPU Statistics from sys.dm_os_ring_buffers for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCpuRingBuffer -SqlInstance sql2008 -SqlCredential $cred

        Connects using sqladmin credential and returns CPU Statistics from sys.dm_os_ring_buffers from sql2008
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int]$CollectionMinutes = 60,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -gt 9) {
                $currentTimestamp = ($server.Query("SELECT cpu_ticks / CONVERT (float, ( cpu_ticks / ms_ticks )) as TimeStamp FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info"))[0]
            } else {
                $currentTimestamp = ($server.Query("SELECT cpu_ticks / CONVERT(FLOAT, cpu_ticks_in_ms) as TimeStamp FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info"))[0]
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using current timestampe of $currentTimestamp"

            $sql = "With RingBufferSchedulerMonitor as
                (
                    SELECT
                        timestamp,
                        CONVERT(xml, record) AS record
                    FROM sys.dm_os_ring_buffers
                    WHERE (ring_buffer_type = N'RING_BUFFER_SCHEDULER_MONITOR')
                    AND (record LIKE '%%')
                ), RingBufferSchedulerMonitorValues as
                (
                    SELECT
                        record.value('(./Record/@id)[1]', 'int') AS record_id,
                        record.value('(./Record/SchedulerMonitorEvent/SystemHealth/SystemIdle)[1]', 'int') AS SystemIdle,
                        record.value('(./Record/SchedulerMonitorEvent/SystemHealth/ProcessUtilization)[1]', 'int') AS SQLProcessUtilization,
                        timestamp,
                        DATEADD(ss, (-1 * ($currentTimestamp - [timestamp]))/1000, GETDATE()) AS EventTime
                    FROM RingBufferSchedulerMonitor
                )
                Select
                    SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') as ServerName,
                    record_id,
                    EventTime,
                    SQLProcessUtilization,
                    SystemIdle,
                    100 - SystemIdle - SQLProcessUtilization AS OtherProcessUtilization
                From RingBufferSchedulerMonitorValues
                WHERE EventTime> DATEADD(MINUTE, -$CollectionMinutes, GETDATE()) ;"

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Executing Sql Staement: $sql"
            foreach ($row in $server.Query($sql)) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName            = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName            = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance             = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    RecordId                = $row.record_id
                    EventTime               = $row.EventTime
                    SQLProcessUtilization   = $row.SQLProcessUtilization
                    OtherProcessUtilization = $row.OtherProcessUtilization
                    SystemIdle              = $row.SystemIdle
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaCpuUsage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Provides detailed CPU usage information about a SQL Server's process

    .DESCRIPTION
        "If there are a lot of processes running on your instance and the CPU is very high,
        then it's hard to find the exact process eating up your CPU using just the SQL Server
        tools. One way to correlate the data between what is running within SQL Server and at
        the Windows level is to use SPID and KPID values to get the exact process."

        This command automates that process.

        References: https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/2454/how-to-find-out-how-much-cpu-a-sql-server-process-is-really-using/

        Note: This command returns results from all SQL instances on the destination server but the process
        column is specific to -SqlInstance passed.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to the SQL instance using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the Windows Server using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER Threshold
        CPU threshold.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: CPU
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCpuUsage

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCpuUsage -SqlInstance sql2017

        Logs into the SQL Server instance "sql2017" and also the Computer itself (via WMI) to gather information

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $usage = Get-DbaCpuUsage -SqlInstance sql2017
        PS C:\> $usage.Process

        Explores the processes (from Get-DbaProcess) associated with the usage results

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCpuUsage -SqlInstance sql2017 -SqlCredential sqladmin -Credential ad\sqldba

        Logs into the SQL instance using the SQL Login 'sqladmin' and then Windows instance as 'ad\sqldba'

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [int]$Threshold = 0,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        # This can likely be enumerated but I don't know hows
        $threadstates = [pscustomobject]@{
            0 = 'Initialized. It is recognized by the microkernel.'
            1 = 'Ready. It is prepared to run on the next available processor.'
            2 = 'Running. It is executing.'
            3 = 'Standby. It is about to run. Only one thread may be in this state at a time.'
            4 = 'Terminated. It is finished executing.'
            5 = 'Waiting. It is not ready for the processor. When ready, it will be rescheduled.'
            6 = 'Transition. The thread is waiting for resources other than the processor.'
            7 = 'Unknown. The thread state is unknown.'
        }

        $threadwaitreasons = [pscustomobject]@{
            0  = 'Executive'
            1  = 'FreePage'
            2  = 'PageIn'
            3  = 'PoolAllocation'
            4  = 'ExecutionDelay'
            5  = 'FreePage'
            6  = 'PageIn'
            7  = 'Executive'
            8  = 'FreePage'
            9  = 'PageIn'
            10 = 'PoolAllocation'
            11 = 'ExecutionDelay'
            12 = 'FreePage'
            13 = 'PageIn'
            14 = 'EventPairHigh'
            15 = 'EventPairLow'
            16 = 'LPCReceive'
            17 = 'LPCReply'
            18 = 'VirtualMemory'
            19 = 'PageOut'
            20 = 'Unknown'
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $processes = Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $server
            $threads = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -ClassName Win32_PerfFormattedData_PerfProc_Thread -Credential $Credential | Where-Object { $_.Name -like 'sql*' -and $_.PercentProcessorTime -ge $Threshold }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
                $spidcollection = $server.Query("select spid, kpid from sysprocesses")
            } else {
                $spidcollection = $server.Query("select t.os_thread_id as kpid, s.session_id as spid
            from sys.dm_exec_sessions s
            join sys.dm_exec_requests er on s.session_id = er.session_id
            join sys.dm_os_workers w on er.task_address = w.task_address
            join sys.dm_os_threads t on w.thread_address = t.thread_address")
            }

            foreach ($thread in $threads) {
                $spid = ($spidcollection | Where-Object kpid -eq $thread.IDThread).spid
                $process = $processes | Where-Object spid -eq $spid
                $threadwaitreason = $thread.ThreadWaitReason
                $threadstate = $thread.ThreadState
                $ThreadStateValue = $threadstates.$threadstate
                $ThreadWaitReasonValue = $threadwaitreasons.$threadwaitreason

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Processes -Value ($processes | Where-Object HostProcessID -eq $thread.IDProcess)
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ThreadStateValue -Value $ThreadStateValue
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ThreadWaitReasonValue -Value $ThreadWaitReasonValue
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Process -Value $process
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Query -Value $process.LastQuery
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $thread -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Spid -Value $spid

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $thread -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, ContextSwitchesPersec, ElapsedTime, IDProcess, Spid, PercentPrivilegedTime, PercentProcessorTime, PercentUserTime, PriorityBase, PriorityCurrent, StartAddress, ThreadStateValue, ThreadWaitReasonValue, Process, Query
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaCredential {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Credential information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaCredential command gets SQL Credential information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        Only include specific names
        Note: if spaces exist in the credential name, you will have to type "" or '' around it.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeName
        Excluded credential names

    .PARAMETER Identity
        Only include specific identities
        Note: if spaces exist in the credential identity, you will have to type "" or '' around it.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeIdentity
        Excluded identities

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Credential
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCredential

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCredential -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all SQL Credentials on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCredential -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016 -Name 'PowerShell Proxy'

        Returns the SQL Credentials named 'PowerShell Proxy' for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCredential -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016 -Identity ad\powershell

        Returns the SQL Credentials for the account 'ad\powershell' on the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "")]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Name,
        [string[]]$ExcludeName,
        [Alias('CredentialIdentity')]
        [string[]]$Identity,
        [Alias('ExcludeCredentialIdentity')]
        [string[]]$ExcludeIdentity,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $credential = $server.Credentials

            if ($Name) {
                $credential = $credential | Where-Object { $Name -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($ExcludeName) {
                $credential = $credential | Where-Object { $ExcludeName -notcontains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($Identity) {
                $credential = $credential | Where-Object { $Identity -contains $_.Identity }
            }

            if ($ExcludeIdentity) {
                $credential = $credential | Where-Object { $ExcludeIdentity -notcontains $_.Identity }
            }

            foreach ($currentcredential in $credential) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentcredential -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $currentcredential.Parent.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentcredential -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $currentcredential.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentcredential -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $currentcredential.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $currentcredential -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, Identity, MappedClassType, ProviderName
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaCustomError {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Custom Error Message information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaCustomError command gets SQL Custom Error Message information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Error, CustomError
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaCustomError

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCustomError -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all Custom Error Message(s) on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCustomError -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all Custom Error Message(s) for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($customError in $server.UserDefinedMessages) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $customError -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $customError.Parent.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $customError -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $customError.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $customError -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $customError.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $customError -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Text, LanguageID, Language
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Database information for each database that is present on the target instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaDatabase command gets SQL database information for each database that is present on the target instance(s) of
        SQL Server. If the name of the database is provided, the command will return only the specific database information.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies one or more database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies one or more database(s) to exclude from processing.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeUser
        If this switch is enabled, only databases which are not User databases will be processed.

        This parameter cannot be used with -ExcludeSystem.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystem
        If this switch is enabled, only databases which are not System databases will be processed.

        This parameter cannot be used with -ExcludeUser.

    .PARAMETER Status
        Specifies one or more database statuses to filter on. Only databases in the status(es) listed will be returned. Valid options for this parameter are 'Emergency', 'Normal', 'Offline', 'Recovering', 'Restoring', 'Standby', and 'Suspect'.

    .PARAMETER Access
        Filters databases returned by their access type. Valid options for this parameter are 'ReadOnly' and 'ReadWrite'. If omitted, no filtering is performed.

    .PARAMETER Owner
        Specifies one or more database owners. Only databases owned by the listed owner(s) will be returned.

    .PARAMETER Encrypted
        If this switch is enabled, only databases which have Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) enabled will be returned.

    .PARAMETER RecoveryModel
        Filters databases returned by their recovery model. Valid options for this parameter are 'Full', 'Simple', and 'BulkLogged'.

    .PARAMETER NoFullBackup
        If this switch is enabled, only databases without a full backup recorded by SQL Server will be returned. This will also indicate which of these databases only have CopyOnly full backups.

    .PARAMETER NoFullBackupSince
        Only databases which haven't had a full backup since the specified DateTime will be returned.

    .PARAMETER NoLogBackup
        If this switch is enabled, only databases without a log backup recorded by SQL Server will be returned. This will also indicate which of these databases only have CopyOnly log backups.

    .PARAMETER NoLogBackupSince
        Only databases which haven't had a log backup since the specified DateTime will be returned.

    .PARAMETER IncludeLastUsed
        If this switch is enabled, the last used read & write times for each database will be returned. This data is retrieved from sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats which is reset when SQL Server is restarted.

    .PARAMETER OnlyAccessible
        If this switch is enabled, only accessible databases are returned (huge speedup in SMO enumeration)

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com | Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDbaKlaas) | Simone Bizzotto ( @niphlod )

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDatabase

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all databases on the local default SQL Server instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeUser

        Returns only the system databases on the local default SQL Server instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeSystem

        Returns only the user databases on the local default SQL Server instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'localhost','sql2016' | Get-DbaDatabase

        Returns databases on multiple instances piped into the function.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL1\SQLExpress -RecoveryModel full,Simple

        Returns only the user databases in Full or Simple recovery model from SQL Server instance SQL1\SQLExpress.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL1\SQLExpress -Status Normal

        Returns only the user databases with status 'normal' from SQL Server instance SQL1\SQLExpress.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL1\SQLExpress -IncludeLastUsed

        Returns the databases from SQL Server instance SQL1\SQLExpress and includes the last used information
        from the sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats DMV.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL1\SQLExpress,SQL2 -ExcludeDatabase model,master

        Returns all databases except master and model from SQL Server instances SQL1\SQLExpress and SQL2.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL1\SQLExpress,SQL2 -Encrypted

        Returns only databases using TDE from SQL Server instances SQL1\SQLExpress and SQL2.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL1\SQLExpress,SQL2 -Access ReadOnly

        Returns only read only databases from SQL Server instances SQL1\SQLExpress and SQL2.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance SQL2,SQL3 -Database OneDB,OtherDB

        Returns databases 'OneDb' and 'OtherDB' from SQL Server instances SQL2 and SQL3 if databases by those names exist on those instances.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "", Justification = "Internal functions are ignored")]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias("SystemDbOnly", "NoUserDb", "ExcludeAllUserDb")]
        [switch]$ExcludeUser,
        [Alias("UserDbOnly", "NoSystemDb", "ExcludeAllSystemDb")]
        [switch]$ExcludeSystem,
        [string[]]$Owner,
        [switch]$Encrypted,
        [ValidateSet('EmergencyMode', 'Normal', 'Offline', 'Recovering', 'Restoring', 'Standby', 'Suspect')]
        [string[]]$Status = @('EmergencyMode', 'Normal', 'Offline', 'Recovering', 'Restoring', 'Standby', 'Suspect'),
        [ValidateSet('ReadOnly', 'ReadWrite')]
        [string]$Access,
        [ValidateSet('Full', 'Simple', 'BulkLogged')]
        [string[]]$RecoveryModel = @('Full', 'Simple', 'BulkLogged'),
        [switch]$NoFullBackup,
        [datetime]$NoFullBackupSince,
        [switch]$NoLogBackup,
        [datetime]$NoLogBackupSince,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [switch]$IncludeLastUsed,
        [switch]$OnlyAccessible
    )

    begin {

        if ($ExcludeUser -and $ExcludeSystem) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You cannot specify both ExcludeUser and ExcludeSystem." -Continue -EnableException $EnableException
        }

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (!$IncludeLastUsed) {
                $dblastused = $null
            } else {
                ## Get last used information from the DMV
                $querylastused = "WITH agg AS
                (
                  SELECT
                       max(last_user_seek) last_user_seek,
                       max(last_user_scan) last_user_scan,
                       max(last_user_lookup) last_user_lookup,
                       max(last_user_update) last_user_update,
                       sd.name dbname
                   FROM
                       sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats, master..sysdatabases sd
                   WHERE
                     database_id = sd.dbid AND database_id > 4
                      group by sd.name
                )
                SELECT
                   dbname,
                   last_read = MAX(last_read),
                   last_write = MAX(last_write)
                FROM
                (
                   SELECT dbname, last_user_seek, NULL FROM agg
                   UNION ALL
                   SELECT dbname, last_user_scan, NULL FROM agg
                   UNION ALL
                   SELECT dbname, last_user_lookup, NULL FROM agg
                   UNION ALL
                   SELECT dbname, NULL, last_user_update FROM agg
                ) AS x (dbname, last_read, last_write)
                GROUP BY
                   dbname
                ORDER BY 1;"
                # put a function around this to enable Pester Testing and also to ease any future changes
                function Invoke-QueryDBlastUsed {
                    $server.Query($querylastused)
                }
                $dblastused = Invoke-QueryDBlastUsed
            }

            if ($ExcludeUser) {
                $DBType = @($true)
            } elseif ($ExcludeSystem) {
                $DBType = @($false)
            } else {
                $DBType = @($false, $true)
            }

            $AccessibleFilter = switch ($OnlyAccessible) {
                $true { @($true) }
                default { @($true, $false) }
            }

            $Readonly = switch ($Access) {
                'Readonly' { @($true) }
                'ReadWrite' { @($false) }
                default { @($true, $false) }
            }
            $Encrypt = switch (Test-Bound $Encrypted) {
                $true { @($true) }
                default { @($true, $false, $null) }
            }
            function Invoke-QueryRawDatabases {
                try {
                    if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
                        $server.Query("SELECT *, SUSER_NAME(sid) AS [Owner] FROM master.dbo.sysdatabases")
                    } else {
                        $server.Query("SELECT *, SUSER_NAME(owner_sid) AS [Owner] FROM sys.databases")
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
            $backed_info = Invoke-QueryRawDatabases
            $backed_info = $backed_info | Where-Object {
                ($_.name -in $Database -or !$Database) -and
                ($_.name -notin $ExcludeDatabase -or !$ExcludeDatabase) -and
                ($_.Owner -in $Owner -or !$Owner) -and
                ($_.state -ne 6 -or !$OnlyAccessible)
            }

            $inputObject = @()
            foreach ($dt in $backed_info) {
                $inputObject += $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -ceq $dt.name
            }
            $inputobject = $inputObject |
                Where-Object {
                ($_.Name -in $Database -or !$Database) -and
                ($_.Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase -or !$ExcludeDatabase) -and
                ($_.Owner -in $Owner -or !$Owner) -and
                $_.ReadOnly -in $Readonly -and
                $_.IsAccessible -in $AccessibleFilter -and
                $_.IsSystemObject -in $DBType -and
                ((Compare-Object @($_.Status.tostring().split(',').trim()) $Status -ExcludeDifferent -IncludeEqual).inputobject.count -ge 1 -or !$status) -and
                ($_.RecoveryModel -in $RecoveryModel -or !$_.RecoveryModel) -and
                $_.EncryptionEnabled -in $Encrypt
            }
            if ($NoFullBackup -or $NoFullBackupSince) {
                $dabs = (Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -LastFull )
                if ($null -ne $NoFullBackupSince) {
                    $dabsWithinScope = ($dabs | Where-Object End -lt $NoFullBackupSince)

                    $inputobject = $inputobject | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $dabsWithinScope.Database -and $_.Name -ne 'tempdb' }
                } else {
                    $inputObject = $inputObject | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $dabs.Database -and $_.Name -ne 'tempdb' }
                }

            }
            if ($NoLogBackup -or $NoLogBackupSince) {
                $dabs = (Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -LastLog )
                if ($null -ne $NoLogBackupSince) {
                    $dabsWithinScope = ($dabs | Where-Object End -lt $NoLogBackupSince)
                    $inputobject = $inputobject |
                        Where-Object { $_.Name -in $dabsWithinScope.Database -and $_.Name -ne 'tempdb' -and $_.RecoveryModel -ne 'Simple' }
                } else {
                    $inputobject = $inputObject |
                        Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $dabs.Database -and $_.Name -ne 'tempdb' -and $_.RecoveryModel -ne 'Simple' }
                }
            }

            $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Name', 'Status', 'IsAccessible', 'RecoveryModel',
            'LogReuseWaitStatus', 'Size as SizeMB', 'CompatibilityLevel as Compatibility', 'Collation', 'Owner',
            'LastBackupDate as LastFullBackup', 'LastDifferentialBackupDate as LastDiffBackup',
            'LastLogBackupDate as LastLogBackup'

            if ($NoFullBackup -or $NoFullBackupSince -or $NoLogBackup -or $NoLogBackupSince) {
                $defaults += ('Notes')
            }
            if ($IncludeLastUsed) {
                # Add Last Used to the default view
                $defaults += ('LastRead as LastIndexRead', 'LastWrite as LastIndexWrite')
            }

            try {
                foreach ($db in $inputobject) {

                    $Notes = $null
                    if ($NoFullBackup -or $NoFullBackupSince) {
                        if (@($db.EnumBackupSets()).count -eq @($db.EnumBackupSets() | Where-Object { $_.IsCopyOnly }).count -and (@($db.EnumBackupSets()).count -gt 0)) {
                            $Notes = "Only CopyOnly backups"
                        }
                    }

                    $lastusedinfo = $dblastused | Where-Object { $_.dbname -eq $db.name }
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty BackupStatus -value $Notes
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastRead -value $lastusedinfo.last_read
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastWrite -value $lastusedinfo.last_write
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $db -Property $defaults
                    #try { $server.Databases.Refresh() } catch {}
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Message "Failure. Collection may have been modified. If so, please use parens (Get-DbaDatabase ....) | when working with commands that modify the collection such as Remove-DbaDatabase." -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaDbAssembly {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Database Assembly information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaDbAssembly command gets SQL Database Assembly information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Assembly, Database
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbAssembly

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbAssembly -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all Database Assembly on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbAssembly -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all Database Assembly for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($database in ($server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible)) {
                try {
                    foreach ($assembly in $database.assemblies) {

                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $assembly -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $assembly.Parent.Parent.ComputerName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $assembly -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $assembly.Parent.Parent.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $assembly -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $assembly.Parent.Parent.DomainInstanceName

                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $assembly -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, Owner, 'AssemblySecurityLevel as SecurityLevel', CreateDate, IsSystemObject, Version
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Issue pulling assembly information" -Target $assembly -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseAssembly
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbccHelp {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Execution of Database Console Command DBCC HELP

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns the results of DBCC HELP

        Read more:
            - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/database-console-commands/dbcc-help-transact-sql

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Statement
        Is the name of the DBCC command for which to receive syntax information.
        Provide only the part of the DBCC command that follows DBCC,
            for example, CHECKDB instead of DBCC CHECKDB.

    .PARAMETER IncludeUndocumented
        Allows getting help for undocumented DBCC commands. Requires Traceflag 2588
        This only works for SQL Server 2005 or Higher

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DBCC
        Author: Patrick Flynn (@sqllensman)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbccUserOptions

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbccHelp -SqlInstance SQLInstance -Statement FREESYSTEMCACHE -Verbose | Format-List

        Runs the command DBCC HELP(FREESYSTEMCACHE) WITH NO_INFOMSGS against the SQL Server instance SQLInstance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbccHelp -SqlInstance LensmanSB -Statement WritePage -IncludeUndocumented | Format-List

        Sets TraeFlag 2588 on for session and then runs the command DBCC HELP(WritePage) WITH NO_INFOMSGS against the SQL Server instance SQLInstance

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Statement,
        [switch]$IncludeUndocumented,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Statement) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a value for Statement"
            return
        }
        $stringBuilder = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName IncludeUndocumented) {
            $null = $stringBuilder.Append("DBCC TRACEON (2588) WITH NO_INFOMSGS;")
        }

        Write-Message -Message "Get Help Information for $Statement" -Level Verbose
        $null = $stringBuilder.Append("DBCC HELP($Statement) WITH NO_INFOMSGS;")
    }
    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting Connection to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $query = $StringBuilder.ToString()
                Write-Message -Message "Query to run: $query" -Level Verbose
                $results = $server | Invoke-DbaQuery  -Query $query -MessagesToOutput

            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                Operation = $Statement
                Cmd       = "DBCC HELP($Statement)"
                Output    = $results
            }

        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbccMemoryStatus {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the results of DBCC MEMORYSTATUS.  Works on SQL Server 2000-2019.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command is used to run the DBCC MEMORYSTATUS comand and collect results in a single usable recordset

        Reference:
            - https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/timchapman/2012/08/16/how-to-parse-dbcc-memorystatus-via-powershell/
            - https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/907877/how-to-use-the-dbcc-memorystatus-command-to-monitor-memory-usage-on-sq

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DBCC, Memory
        Author: Patrick Flynn (@sqllensman)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaMemoryStatus

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbccMemoryStatus -SqlInstance sqlcluster, sqlserver2012

        Get output of DBCC MEMORYSTATUS for instances "sqlcluster" and "sqlserver2012". Returns results in a single recordset.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlcluster | Get-DbaDbccMemoryStatus

        Get output of DBCC MEMORYSTATUS for all servers in Server Central Management Server

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $query = 'DBCC MEMORYSTATUS'
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting Connection to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting $query data from server: $instance"
            try {
                $sqlconnection = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
                $sqlconnection.ConnectionString = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                $sqlconnection.Open()

                $datatable = New-Object system.Data.DataSet
                $dataadapter = New-Object system.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter($query, $sqlconnection)
                $dataadapter.fill($datatable) | Out-Null

                $recordset = 0
                $rowId = 0
                $recordsetId = 0

                foreach ($dataset in $datatable.Tables) {
                    $dataSection = $dataset.Columns[0].ColumnName
                    $dataType = $dataset.Columns[1].ColumnName
                    $recordset = $recordset + 1
                    foreach ($row in $dataset.Rows) {
                        $rowId = $rowId + 1
                        $recordsetId = $recordsetId + 1
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            RecordSet    = $RecordSet
                            RowId        = $RowId
                            RecordSetId  = $RecordSetId
                            Type         = $dataSection
                            Name         = $Row[0]
                            Value        = $Row[1]
                            ValueType    = $dataType
                        }
                    }
                    $recordsetId = 0
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure Executing $query" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbccProcCache {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Execution of Database Console Command DBCC PROCCACHE

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns the results of DBCC PROCCACHE

        Read more:
            - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/database-console-commands/dbcc-proccache-transact-sql

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DBCC
        Author: Patrick Flynn (@sqllensman)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbccProcCache

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbccProcCache -SqlInstance Server1

        Get results of DBCC PROCCACHE for Instance Server1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDbccProcCache

        Get results of DBCC PROCCACHE for Instances Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbccProcCache -SqlInstance Server1 -SqlCredential $cred

        Connects using sqladmin credential and gets results of DBCC PROCCACHE for Instance Server1 using

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {

        $stringBuilder = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder
        $null = $stringBuilder.Append("DBCC PROCCACHE WITH NO_INFOMSGS")
    }
    process {
        $query = $StringBuilder.ToString()
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting Connection to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Execute the command $query")) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Query to run: $query" -Level Verbose
                    $results = $server.Query($query)
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }
            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Outputting object")) {
                foreach ($row in $results) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Count        = $row[0]
                        Used         = $row[1]
                        Active       = $row[2]
                        CacheSize    = $row[3]
                        CacheUsed    = $row[4]
                        CacheActive  = $row[5]
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbccUserOption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Execution of Database Console Command DBCC USEROPTIONS

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns the results of DBCC USEROPTIONS

        Read more:
            - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/database-console-commands/dbcc-useroptions-transact-sql

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Option
        Return only specific options. Returns all results if not specified.
        Accepts any values in set 'ansi_null_dflt_on', 'ansi_nulls', 'ansi_padding', 'ansi_warnings', 'arithabort', 'concat_null_yields_null', 'datefirst', 'dateformat', 'isolation level', 'language', 'lock_timeout', 'quoted_identifier', 'textsize'

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DBCC
        Author: Patrick Flynn (@sqllensman)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbccUserOptions

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbccUserOptions -SqlInstance Server1

        Get results of DBCC USEROPTIONS for Instance Server1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDbccUserOptions

        Get results of DBCC USEROPTIONS for Instances Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbccUserOptions -SqlInstance Server1 -SqlCredential $cred

        Connects using sqladmin credential and gets results of DBCC USEROPTIONS for Instance Server1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbccUserOptions -SqlInstance Server1 -Option ansi_nulls, ansi_warnings, datefirst

        Gets results of DBCC USEROPTIONS for Instance Server1. Only display results for the options ansi_nulls, ansi_warnings, datefirst

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('ansi_null_dflt_on', 'ansi_nulls', 'ansi_padding', 'ansi_warnings', 'arithabort', 'concat_null_yields_null', 'datefirst', 'dateformat', 'isolation level', 'language', 'lock_timeout', 'quoted_identifier', 'textsize')]
        [string[]]$Option,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $stringBuilder = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder
        $null = $stringBuilder.Append("DBCC USEROPTIONS WITH NO_INFOMSGS")
    }
    process {
        $query = $StringBuilder.ToString()

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting Connection to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Error connecting to $instance" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                Write-Message -Message "Query to run: $query" -Level Verbose
                $results = $server.Query($query)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure running $query against $instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }
            foreach ($row in $results) {
                if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Option) -or ($row[0] -in $Option)) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Option       = $row[0]
                        Value        = $row[1]
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaDbCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database certificates

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database certificates

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Database
        Get certificate from specific database

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Database(s) to ignore when retrieving certificates

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER Certificate
        Get specific certificate by name

    .PARAMETER Certificate
        Get specific certificate by subject

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets all certificates

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1

        Gets the certificate for the db1 database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Certificate cert1

        Gets the cert1 certificate within the db1 database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Subject 'Availability Group Cert'

        Gets the cert1 certificate within the db1 database

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [object[]]$Certificate, # sometimes it's text, other times cert
        [string[]]$Subject,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseCertificate
    }
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$db is not accessible, skipping"
                continue
            }

            #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
            #$dbName = $db.Name
            $certs = $db.Certificates

            if ($null -eq $certs) {
                Write-Message -Message "No certificate exists in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                continue
            }

            if ($Certificate) {
                $certs = $certs | Where-Object Name -in $Certificate
            }

            if ($Subject) {
                $certs = $certs | Where-Object Subject -in $Subject
            }

            foreach ($cert in $certs) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $db.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $db.InstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $db.SqlInstance
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $cert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $cert -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Name, Subject, StartDate, ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog, ExpirationDate, Issuer, LastBackupDate, Owner, PrivateKeyEncryptionType, Serial
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbCheckConstraint {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database Check constraints.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database Checks constraints.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Database
        To get Checks from specific database(s)

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemTable
        This switch removes all system objects from the table collection

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database
        Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva), https://claudioessilva.eu

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCheckConstraint -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets all database check constraints.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCheckConstraint -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1

        Gets the check constraints for the db1 database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCheckConstraint -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1

        Gets the check constraints for all databases except db1.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCheckConstraint -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeSystemTable

        Gets the check constraints for all databases that are not system objects.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDbCheckConstraint

        Gets the check constraints for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemTable,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping."
                    continue
                }

                foreach ($tbl in $db.Tables) {
                    if ( (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeSystemTable) -and $tbl.IsSystemObject ) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($tbl.Checks.Count -eq 0) {
                        Write-Message -Message "No Checks exist in $tbl table on the $db database on $instance" -Target $tbl -Level Verbose
                        continue
                    }

                    foreach ($ck in $tbl.Checks) {
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ck -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ck -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ck -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ck -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                        $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Database', 'Parent', 'ID', 'CreateDate',
                        'DateLastModified', 'Name', 'IsEnabled', 'IsChecked', 'NotForReplication', 'Text', 'State'
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $ck -Property $defaults
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbCompatibility {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays the compatibility level for SQL Server databases.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Get the current database compatibility level for all databases on a server or list of databases passed in to the function.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database or databases to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase)

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts for confirmation of every step. For example:

        Are you sure you want to perform this action?
        Performing the operation "Update database" on target "pubs on SQL2016\VNEXT".
        [Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "Y"):

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Compatibility, Database
        Author: Garry Bargsley, http://blog.garrybargsley.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbCompatibility

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCompatibility -SqlInstance localhost\sql2017

        Displays database compatibility level for all user databases on server localhost\sql2017

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCompatibility -SqlInstance localhost\sql2017 -Database Test

        Displays database compatibility level for database Test on server localhost\sql2017

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (Test-Bound -not 'SqlInstance', 'InputObject') {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must specify either a SQL instance or pipe a database collection"
            continue
        }

        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            $server = $db.Parent
            $ServerVersion = $server.VersionMajor
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server is using Version: $ServerVersion"

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName  = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName  = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Database      = $db.Name
                Compatibility = $db.CompatibilityLevel
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbCompression {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets tables and indexes size and current compression settings.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function gets the current size and compression for all objects in the specified database(s), if no database is specified it will return all objects in all user databases.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Compression, Table, Database
        Author: Jess Pomfret (@jpomfret), jesspomfret.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns objects size and current compression level for all user databases.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance localhost -Database TestDatabase

        Returns objects size and current compression level for objects within the TestDatabase database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeDatabase TestDatabases

        Returns objects size and current compression level for objects in all databases except the TestDatabase database.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 }

                if ($Database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $_.Name -In $Database }
                }

                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $_.Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to gather list of databases for $instance" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                try {
                    foreach ($obj in $server.Databases[$($db.name)].Tables) {
                        if ($obj.HasHeapIndex) {
                            foreach ($p in $obj.PhysicalPartitions) {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    ComputerName    = $server.ComputerName
                                    InstanceName    = $server.ServiceName
                                    SqlInstance     = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                    Database        = $db.Name
                                    Schema          = $obj.Schema
                                    TableName       = $obj.Name
                                    IndexName       = $null
                                    Partition       = $p.PartitionNumber
                                    IndexID         = 0
                                    IndexType       = "Heap"
                                    DataCompression = $p.DataCompression
                                    SizeCurrent     = [dbasize]($obj.DataSpaceUsed * 1024)
                                    RowCount        = $obj.RowCount
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        foreach ($index in $obj.Indexes) {
                            foreach ($p in $index.PhysicalPartitions) {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    ComputerName    = $server.ComputerName
                                    InstanceName    = $server.ServiceName
                                    SqlInstance     = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                    Database        = $db.Name
                                    Schema          = $obj.Schema
                                    TableName       = $obj.Name
                                    IndexName       = $index.Name
                                    Partition       = $p.PartitionNumber
                                    IndexID         = $index.ID
                                    IndexType       = $index.IndexType
                                    DataCompression = $p.DataCompression
                                    SizeCurrent     = if ($index.IndexType -eq "ClusteredIndex") { [dbasize]($obj.DataSpaceUsed * 1024) } else { [dbasize]($index.SpaceUsed * 1024) }
                                    RowCount        = $p.RowCount
                                }
                            }
                        }

                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to query $instance - $db" -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }

            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbEncryption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns a summary of encryption used on databases passed to it.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Shows if a database has Transparent Data Encryption (TDE), any certificates, asymmetric keys or symmetric keys with details for each.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDBs
        Switch parameter that when used will display system database information.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Encryption, Database
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbEncryption

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbEncryption -SqlInstance DEV01

        List all encryption found on the instance by database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbEncryption -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database MyDB

        List all encryption found for the MyDB database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbEncryption -SqlInstance DEV01 -ExcludeDatabase MyDB

        List all encryption found for all databases except MyDB.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbEncryption -SqlInstance DEV01 -IncludeSystemDBs

        List all encryption found for all databases including the system databases.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDBs,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            #For each SQL Server in collection, connect and get SMO object

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            #If IncludeSystemDBs is true, include systemdbs
            #only look at online databases (Status equal normal)
            try {
                if ($Database) {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
                } elseif ($IncludeSystemDBs) {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible
                } else {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 }
                }

                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to gather dbs for $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db"

                if ($db.EncryptionEnabled -eq $true) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName             = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database                 = $db.Name
                        Encryption               = "EncryptionEnabled (TDE)"
                        Name                     = $null
                        LastBackup               = $null
                        PrivateKeyEncryptionType = $null
                        EncryptionAlgorithm      = $null
                        KeyLength                = $null
                        Owner                    = $null
                        Object                   = $null
                        ExpirationDate           = $null
                    }

                }

                foreach ($cert in $db.Certificates) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName             = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database                 = $db.Name
                        Encryption               = "Certificate"
                        Name                     = $cert.Name
                        LastBackup               = $cert.LastBackupDate
                        PrivateKeyEncryptionType = $cert.PrivateKeyEncryptionType
                        EncryptionAlgorithm      = $null
                        KeyLength                = $null
                        Owner                    = $cert.Owner
                        Object                   = $cert
                        ExpirationDate           = $cert.ExpirationDate
                    }

                }

                foreach ($ak in $db.AsymmetricKeys) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName             = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database                 = $db.Name
                        Encryption               = "Asymmetric key"
                        Name                     = $ak.Name
                        LastBackup               = $null
                        PrivateKeyEncryptionType = $ak.PrivateKeyEncryptionType
                        EncryptionAlgorithm      = $ak.KeyEncryptionAlgorithm
                        KeyLength                = $ak.KeyLength
                        Owner                    = $ak.Owner
                        Object                   = $ak
                        ExpirationDate           = $null
                    }

                }
                foreach ($sk in $db.SymmetricKeys) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        Server                   = $server.name
                        Instance                 = $server.InstanceName
                        Database                 = $db.Name
                        Encryption               = "Symmetric key"
                        Name                     = $sk.Name
                        LastBackup               = $null
                        PrivateKeyEncryptionType = $sk.PrivateKeyEncryptionType
                        EncryptionAlgorithm      = $ak.EncryptionAlgorithm
                        KeyLength                = $sk.KeyLength
                        Owner                    = $sk.Owner
                        Object                   = $sk
                        ExpirationDate           = $null
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseEncryption
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbExtentDiff {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        What percentage of a database has changed since the last full backup

    .DESCRIPTION
        This is only an implementation of the script created by Paul S. Randal to find what percentage of a database has changed since the last full backup.
        https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/new-script-how-much-of-the-database-has-changed-since-the-last-full-backup/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Backup, Database
        Author: Viorel Ciucu, cviorel.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0

    .LINK
        http://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbExtentDiff

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbExtentDiff -SqlInstance SQL2016 -Database DBA

        Get the changes for the DBA database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $Cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbExtentDiff -SqlInstance SQL2017N1, SQL2017N2, SQL2016 -Database DB01 -SqlCredential $Cred

        Get the changes for the DB01 database on multiple servers.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('ServerInstance', 'SqlServer')]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $rex = [regex]':(?<extent>[\d]+)\)'
        function Get-DbaExtent ([string[]]$field) {
            $res = 0
            foreach ($f in $field) {
                $extents = $rex.Matches($f)
                if ($extents.Count -eq 1) {
                    $res += 1
                } else {
                    $pages = [int]$extents[1].Groups['extent'].Value - [int]$extents[0].Groups['extent'].Value
                    $res += $pages / 8 + 1
                }
            }
            return $res
        }
    }

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -NonPooled
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            $sourcedbs = @()
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                if ($db.IsAccessible -ne $true) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$db is not accessible on $instance, skipping"
                } else {
                    $sourcedbs += $db
                }
            }

            #Available from 2016 SP2
            if ($server.Version -ge [version]'13.0.5026') {
                foreach ($db in $sourcedbs) {
                    $DBCCPageQueryDMV = "
                        SELECT
                        SUM(total_page_count) / 8 as [ExtentsTotal],
                        SUM(modified_extent_page_count) / 8 as [ExtentsChanged],
                        100.0 * SUM(modified_extent_page_count)/SUM(total_page_count) as [ChangedPerc]
                        FROM sys.dm_db_file_space_usage
                    "
                    $DBCCPageResults = $server.Query($DBCCPageQueryDMV, $db.Name)
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        DatabaseName   = $db.Name
                        ExtentsTotal   = $DBCCPageResults.ExtentsTotal
                        ExtentsChanged = $DBCCPageResults.ExtentsChanged
                        ChangedPerc    = [math]::Round($DBCCPageResults.ChangedPerc, 2)
                    }
                }
            } else {
                $MasterFilesQuery = "
                        SELECT [file_id], [size], database_id, db_name(database_id) as dbname FROM master.sys.master_files
                        WHERE [type_desc] = N'ROWS'
                    "
                $MasterFiles = $server.Query($MasterFilesQuery)
                $MasterFiles = $MasterFiles | Where-Object dbname -In $sourcedbs.Name
                $MasterFilesGrouped = $MasterFiles | Group-Object -Property dbname

                foreach ($db in $MasterFilesGrouped) {
                    $sizeTotal = 0
                    $dbExtents = @()
                    foreach ($results in $db.Group) {
                        $extentID = 0
                        $sizeTotal = $sizeTotal + $results.size / 8
                        while ($extentID -lt $results.size) {
                            $pageID = $extentID + 6
                            $DBCCPageQuery = "DBCC PAGE ('$($results.dbname)', $($results.file_id), $pageID, 3)  WITH TABLERESULTS, NO_INFOMSGS"
                            $DBCCPageResults = $server.Query($DBCCPageQuery)
                            $dbExtents += $DBCCPageResults | Where-Object { $_.VALUE -eq '    CHANGED' -And $_.ParentObject -like 'DIFF_MAP*'}
                            $extentID = $extentID + 511232
                        }
                    }
                    $extents = Get-DbaExtent $dbExtents.Field
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        DatabaseName   = $db.Name
                        ExtentsTotal   = $sizeTotal
                        ExtentsChanged = $extents
                        ChangedPerc    = [math]::Round(($extents / $sizeTotal * 100), 2)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbFeatureUsage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Shows features that are enabled in the database but not supported on all editions of SQL Server. Basically checks for Enterprise feature usage.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Shows features that are enabled in the database but not supported on all editions of SQL Server.

        Basically checks for Enterprise feature usage.

        This feature must be removed before the database can be migrated to all available editions of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternate Windows or SQL Login Authentication. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase), to be tested.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Deprecated
        Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbFeatureUsage

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database testdb, db2 | Get-DbaDbFeatureUsage

        Shows features that are enabled in the testdb and db2 databases but
        not supported on the all the editions of SQL Server.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
            ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
            SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance, feature_id as Id,
            feature_name as Feature,  DB_NAME() as [Database] FROM sys.dm_db_persisted_sku_features"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
        }
        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $($db.Parent.Name)"

            if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping database." -Continue
            }

            try {
                $db.Query($sql)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaDbFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns detailed information about database files.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns detailed information about database files. Does not use SMO - SMO causes enumeration and this command avoids that.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credentials to connect to the SQL Server instance if the calling user doesn't have permission

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A piped collection of database objects

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbFile -SqlInstance sql2016

        Will return an object containing all file groups and their contained files for every database on the sql2016 SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbFile -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database Impromptu

        Will return an object containing all file groups and their contained files for the Impromptu Database on the sql2016 SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbFile -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database Impromptu, Trading

        Will return an object containing all file groups and their contained files for the Impromptu and Trading databases on the sql2016 SQL Server instance

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Pipe", Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $sql = "select
            fg.name as FileGroupName,
            df.file_id as 'ID',
            df.Type,
            df.type_desc as TypeDescription,
            df.name as LogicalName,
            mf.physical_name as PhysicalName,
            df.state_desc as State,
            df.max_size as MaxSize,
            case mf.is_percent_growth when 1 then df.growth else df.Growth*8 end as Growth,
            fileproperty(df.name, 'spaceused') as UsedSpace,
            df.size as Size,
            vfs.size_on_disk_bytes as size_on_disk_bytes,
            case df.state_desc when 'OFFLINE' then 'True' else 'False' End as IsOffline,
            case mf.is_read_only when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsReadOnly,
            case mf.is_media_read_only when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsReadOnlyMedia,
            case mf.is_sparse when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsSparse,
            case mf.is_percent_growth when 1 then 'Percent' when 0 then 'kb' End as GrowthType,
            case mf.is_read_only when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsReadOnly,
            vfs.num_of_writes as NumberOfDiskWrites,
            vfs.num_of_reads as NumberOfDiskReads,
            vfs.num_of_bytes_read as BytesReadFromDisk,
            vfs.num_of_bytes_written as BytesWrittenToDisk,
            fg.data_space_id as FileGroupDataSpaceId,
            fg.Type as FileGroupType,
            fg.type_desc as FileGroupTypeDescription,
            case fg.is_default When 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' end as FileGroupDefault,
            fg.is_read_only as FileGroupReadOnly"

            $sqlfrom = "from sys.database_files df
            left outer join  sys.filegroups fg on df.data_space_id=fg.data_space_id
            inner join sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(db_id(),NULL) vfs on df.file_id=vfs.file_id
            inner join sys.master_files mf on df.file_id = mf.file_id
            and mf.database_id = db_id()"

            $sql2008 = ",vs.available_bytes as 'VolumeFreeSpace'"
            $sql2008from = "cross apply sys.dm_os_volume_stats(db_id(),df.file_id) vs"

            $sql2000 = "select
            fg.groupname as FileGroupName,
            df.fileid as ID,
            CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x40) / 64 as Type,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x40) / 64 when 1 then 'LOG' else 'ROWS' end as TypeDescription,
            df.name as LogicalName,
            df.filename as PhysicalName,
            'Existing' as State,
            df.maxsize as MaxSize,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x100000) / 1048576 when 1 then df.growth when 0 then df.growth*8 End as Growth,
            fileproperty(df.name, 'spaceused') as UsedSpace,
            df.size as Size,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x20000000) / 536870912 when 1 then 'True' else 'False' End as IsOffline,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x10) / 16 when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsReadOnly,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x1000) / 4096 when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsReadOnlyMedia,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x10000000) / 268435456 when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsSparse,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x100000) / 1048576 when 1 then 'Percent' when 0 then 'kb' End as GrowthType,
            case CONVERT(INT,df.status & 0x1000) / 4096 when 1 then 'True' when 0 then 'False' End as IsReadOnly,
            fg.groupid as FileGroupDataSpaceId,
            NULL as FileGroupType,
            NULL AS FileGroupTypeDescription,
            CAST(fg.status & 0x10 as BIT) as FileGroupDefault,
            CAST(fg.status & 0x8 as BIT) as FileGroupReadOnly
            from sysfiles df
            left outer join  sysfilegroups fg on df.groupid=fg.groupid"

            if ($Database) {
                $InputObject = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -in $database
            } else {
                $InputObject = $server.Databases
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $InputObject) {

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Querying database $db"

                try {
                    $version = $server.Query("SELECT compatibility_level FROM sys.databases WHERE name = '$($db.Name)'")
                    $version = [int]($version.compatibility_level / 10)
                } catch {
                    $version = 8
                }

                if ($version -ge 11) {
                    $query = ($sql, $sql2008, $sqlfrom, $sql2008from) -Join "`n"
                } elseif ($version -ge 9) {
                    $query = ($sql, $sqlfrom) -Join "`n"
                } else {
                    $query = $sql2000
                }

                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $query"

                try {
                    $results = $server.Query($query, $db.Name)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }

                foreach ($result in $results) {
                    $size = [dbasize]($result.Size * 8192)
                    $usedspace = [dbasize]($result.UsedSpace * 8192)
                    $maxsize = $result.MaxSize
                    # calculation is done here because for snapshots or sparse files size is not the "virtual" size
                    # (master_files.Size) but the currently allocated one (dm_io_virtual_file_stats.size_on_disk_bytes)
                    $AvailableSpace = $size - $usedspace
                    if ($result.size_on_disk_bytes) {
                        $size = [dbasize]($result.size_on_disk_bytes)
                    }
                    if ($maxsize -gt -1) {
                        $maxsize = [dbasize]($result.MaxSize * 8192)
                    } else {
                        $maxsize = [dbasize]($result.MaxSize)
                    }

                    if ($result.VolumeFreeSpace) {
                        $VolumeFreeSpace = [dbasize]$result.VolumeFreeSpace
                    } else {
                        # to get drive free space for each drive that a database has files on
                        # when database compatibility lower than 110. Lets do this with query2
                        $query2 = @'
-- to get drive free space for each drive that a database has files on
DECLARE @FixedDrives TABLE(Drive CHAR(1), MB_Free BIGINT);
INSERT @FixedDrives EXEC sys.xp_fixeddrives;

SELECT DISTINCT fd.MB_Free, LEFT(df.physical_name, 1) AS [Drive]
FROM @FixedDrives AS fd
INNER JOIN sys.database_files AS df
ON fd.Drive = LEFT(df.physical_name, 1);
'@
                        # if the server has one drive xp_fixeddrives returns one row, but we still need $disks to be an array.
                        if ($server.VersionMajor -gt 8) {
                            $disks = @($server.Query($query2, $db.Name))
                            $MbFreeColName = $disks[0].psobject.Properties.Name
                            # get the free MB value for the drive in question
                            $free = $disks | Where-Object {
                                $_.drive -eq $result.PhysicalName.Substring(0, 1)
                            } | Select-Object $MbFreeColName

                            $VolumeFreeSpace = [dbasize](($free.MB_Free) * 1024 * 1024)
                        }
                    }
                    if ($result.GrowthType -eq "Percent") {
                        $nextgrowtheventadd = [dbasize]($result.size * ($result.Growth * 0.01) * 1024)
                    } else {
                        $nextgrowtheventadd = [dbasize]($result.Growth * 8 * 1024)
                    }
                    if ( ($nextgrowtheventadd.Byte -gt ($MaxSize.Byte - $size.Byte)) -and $maxsize -gt 0 ) { [dbasize]$nextgrowtheventadd = 0 }

                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName             = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database                 = $db.name
                        FileGroupName            = $result.FileGroupName
                        ID                       = $result.ID
                        Type                     = $result.Type
                        TypeDescription          = $result.TypeDescription
                        LogicalName              = $result.LogicalName.Trim()
                        PhysicalName             = $result.PhysicalName.Trim()
                        State                    = $result.State
                        MaxSize                  = $maxsize
                        Growth                   = $result.Growth
                        GrowthType               = $result.GrowthType
                        NextGrowthEventSize      = $nextgrowtheventadd
                        Size                     = $size
                        UsedSpace                = $usedspace
                        AvailableSpace           = $AvailableSpace
                        IsOffline                = $result.IsOffline
                        IsReadOnly               = $result.IsReadOnly
                        IsReadOnlyMedia          = $result.IsReadOnlyMedia
                        IsSparse                 = $result.IsSparse
                        NumberOfDiskWrites       = $result.NumberOfDiskWrites
                        NumberOfDiskReads        = $result.NumberOfDiskReads
                        ReadFromDisk             = [dbasize]$result.BytesReadFromDisk
                        WrittenToDisk            = [dbasize]$result.BytesWrittenToDisk
                        VolumeFreeSpace          = $VolumeFreeSpace
                        FileGroupDataSpaceId     = $result.FileGroupDataSpaceId
                        FileGroupType            = $result.FileGroupType
                        FileGroupTypeDescription = $result.FileGroupTypeDescription
                        FileGroupDefault         = $result.FileGroupDefault
                        FileGroupReadOnly        = $result.FileGroupReadOnly
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseFIle
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbForeignKey {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database Foreign Keys.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database Foreign Keys.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Database
        To get Foreign Keys from specific database(s)

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemTable
        This switch removes all system objects from the tables collection

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database,ForeignKey, Table
        Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva), https://claudioessilva.eu

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbForeignKey -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets all database Foreign Keys.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbForeignKey -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1

        Gets the Foreign Keys for the db1 database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbForeignKey -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1

        Gets the Foreign Keys for all databases except db1.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbForeignKey -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeSystemTable

        Gets the Foreign Keys from all tables that are not system objects from all databases.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDbForeignKey

        Gets the Foreign Keys for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemTable,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping."
                    continue
                }

                foreach ($tbl in $db.Tables) {
                    if ( (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeSystemTable) -and $tbl.IsSystemObject ) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($tbl.ForeignKeys.Count -eq 0) {
                        Write-Message -Message "No Foreign Keys exist in $tbl table on the $db database on $instance" -Target $tbl -Level Verbose
                        continue
                    }

                    foreach ($fk in $tbl.ForeignKeys) {
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $fk -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $fk -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $fk -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $fk -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                        $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Database', 'Table', 'ID', 'CreateDate',
                        'DateLastModified', 'Name', 'IsEnabled', 'IsChecked', 'NotForReplication', 'ReferencedKey', 'ReferencedTable', 'ReferencedTableSchema'
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $fk -Property $defaults
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbLogShipError {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get-DbaDbLogShipError returns all the log shipping errors that occurred

    .DESCRIPTION
        When your log shipping fails it's sometimes hard to see why is fails.
        Using this function you'll be able to find out what went wrong in a short amount of time.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Allows you to filter the results to only return the databases you're interested in. This can be one or more values separated by commas.
        This is not a wildcard and should be the exact database name. See examples for more info.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Allows you to filter the results to only return the databases you're not interested in. This can be one or more values separated by commas.
        This is not a wildcard and should be the exact database name.

    .PARAMETER Action
        Filter to get the log shipping action that has occurred like Backup, Copy, Restore.
        By default all the actions are returned.

    .PARAMETER DateTimeFrom
        Filter the results based on the date starting from datetime X

    .PARAMETER DateTimeTo
        Filter the results based on the date ending with datetime X

    .PARAMETER Primary
        Allows to filter the results to only return values that apply to the primary instance.

    .PARAMETER Secondary
        Allows to filter the results to only return values that apply to the secondary instance.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: LogShipping
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbLogShipError

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbLogShipError -SqlInstance sql1

        Get all the log shipping errors that occurred

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbLogShipError -SqlInstance sql1 -Action Backup

        Get the errors that have something to do with the backup of the databases

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbLogShipError -SqlInstance sql1 -Secondary

        Get the errors that occurred on the secondary instance.
        This will return the copy of the restore actions because those only occur on the secondary instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbLogShipError -SqlInstance sql1 -DateTimeFrom "01/05/2018"

        Get the errors that have occurred from "01/05/2018". This can also be of format "yyyy-MM-dd"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbLogShipError -SqlInstance sql1 -Secondary -DateTimeFrom "01/05/2018" -DateTimeTo "2018-01-07"

        Get the errors that have occurred between "01/05/2018" and "01/07/2018".
        See that is doesn't matter how the date is represented.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [ValidateSet("Backup", "Copy", "Restore")]
        [string[]]$Action,
        [datetime]$DateTimeFrom,
        [datetime]$DateTimeTo,
        [switch]$Primary,
        [switch]$Secondary,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.EngineEdition -match "Express") {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$instance is Express Edition which does not support Log Shipping"
                continue
            }

            $query = "
CREATE TABLE #DatabaseID
(
    DatabaseName VARCHAR(128),
    DatabaseID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,
    Instance VARCHAR(20)
);

INSERT INTO #DatabaseID
(
    DatabaseName,
    DatabaseID,
    Instance
)
SELECT secondary_database,
        secondary_id,
        'Secondary'
FROM msdb.dbo.log_shipping_secondary_databases;


INSERT INTO #DatabaseID
(
    DatabaseName,
    DatabaseID,
    Instance
)
SELECT primary_database,
        primary_id,
        'Primary'
FROM msdb.dbo.log_shipping_primary_databases;


SELECT di.DatabaseName,
        di.Instance,
        CASE lsmed.[agent_type]
            WHEN 0 THEN
                'Backup'
            WHEN 1 THEN
                'Copy'
            WHEN 2 THEN
                'Restore'
            ELSE
                ''
        END AS [Action],
        lsmed.[session_id] AS SessionID,
        lsmed.[sequence_number] AS SequenceNumber,
        lsmed.[log_time] AS LogTime,
        lsmed.[message] AS [Message]
FROM msdb.dbo.log_shipping_monitor_error_detail AS lsmed
    INNER JOIN #DatabaseID AS di
        ON di.DatabaseID = lsmed.agent_id
ORDER BY lsmed.[log_time],
            lsmed.[database_name],
            lsmed.[agent_type],
            lsmed.[session_id],
            lsmed.[sequence_number];

DROP TABLE #DatabaseID;"

            # Get the log shipping errors
            $results = $server.Query($query)

            if ($results.Count -ge 1) {

                # Filter the results
                if ($Database) {
                    $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseName -in $Database }
                }

                if ($Action) {
                    $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.Action -in $Action }
                }

                if ($DateTimeFrom) {
                    $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.Logtime -ge $DateTimeFrom }
                }

                if ($DateTimeTo) {
                    $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.Logtime -le $DateTimeTo }
                }

                if ($Primary) {
                    $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.Instance -eq 'Primary' }
                }

                if ($Secondary) {
                    $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.Instance -eq 'Secondary' }
                }

                foreach ($result in $results) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database       = $result.DatabaseName
                        Instance       = $result.Instance
                        Action         = $result.Action
                        SessionID      = $result.SessionID
                        SequenceNumber = $result.SequenceNumber
                        LogTime        = $result.LogTime
                        Message        = $result.Message
                    }

                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Message "No log shipping errors found" -Level Verbose
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaLogShippingError
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbMail {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the database mail from SQL Server

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the database mail from SQL Server

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        TThe target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DatabaseMail, DBMail, Mail
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbMail

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMail -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint

        Returns the db mail server object on sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMail -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint | Select *

        Returns the db mail server object on sql01\sharepoint then return a bunch more columns

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaDbMail

        Returns the db mail server object for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category Connectiondbmail -dbmailRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $mailserver = $server.Mail
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $mailserver -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $mailserver -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $mailserver -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                $mailserver | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Profiles, Accounts, ConfigurationValues, Properties
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbMailAccount {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database mail accounts from SQL Server

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database mail accounts from SQL Server

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Account
        Specifies one or more account(s) to get. If unspecified, all accounts will be returned.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeAccount
        Specifies one or more account(s) to exclude.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts pipeline input from Get-DbaDbMail

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DatabaseMail, DbMail, Mail
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MITIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbMailAccount

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailAccount -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint

        Returns Database Mail accounts on sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailAccount -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -Account 'The DBA Team'

        Returns The DBA Team Database Mail account from sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailAccount -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint | Select *

        Returns the Database Mail accounts on sql01\sharepoint then return a bunch more columns

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaDbMail | Get-DbaDbMailAccount

        Returns the Database Mail accounts for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Account,
        [string[]]$ExcludeAccount,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Mail.SqlMail[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDbMail -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }

        if (-not $InputObject) {
            Stop-Function -Message "No servers to process"
            return
        }

        foreach ($mailserver in $InputObject) {
            try {
                $accounts = $mailserver.Accounts

                if ($Account) {
                    $accounts = $accounts | Where-Object Name -in $Account
                }

                If ($ExcludeAccount) {
                    $accounts = $accounts | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeAccount
                }

                $accounts | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $mailserver.ComputerName
                $accounts | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $mailserver.InstanceName
                $accounts | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $mailserver.SqlInstance
                $accounts | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, DisplayName, Description, EmailAddress, ReplyToAddress, IsBusyAccount, MailServers
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbMailConfig {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database mail configs from SQL Server

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database mail configs from SQL Server

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        TThe target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        Specifies one or more config(s) to get. If unspecified, all configs will be returned.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts pipeline input from Get-DbaDbMail

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DatabaseMail, DBMail, Mail
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbMailConfig

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailConfig -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint

        Returns DBMail configs on sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailConfig -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -Name ProhibitedExtensions

        Returns the ProhibitedExtensions configuration on sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailConfig -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint | Select *

        Returns the DBMail configs on sql01\sharepoint then return a bunch more columns

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaDbMail | Get-DbaDbMailConfig

        Returns the DBMail configs for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Config", "ConfigName")]
        [string[]]$Name,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Mail.SqlMail[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDbMail -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }

        if (-not $InputObject) {
            Stop-Function -Message "No servers to process"
            return
        }

        foreach ($mailserver in $InputObject) {
            try {
                $configs = $mailserver.ConfigurationValues

                if ($Name) {
                    $configs = $configs | Where-Object Name -in $Name
                }

                $configs | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $mailserver.ComputerName
                $configs | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $mailserver.InstanceName
                $configs | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $mailserver.SqlInstance
                $configs | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Value, Description
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbMailHistory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the history of mail sent from a SQL instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the history of mail sent from a SQL instance

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        TThe target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.

    .PARAMETER Since
        Datetime object used to narrow the results to the send request date

    .PARAMETER Status
        Narrow the results by status. Valid values include Unsent, Sent, Failed and Retrying

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DatabaseMail, DBMail, Mail
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbMailHistory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailHistory -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint

        Returns the entire DBMail history on sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailHistory -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint | Select *

        Returns the entire DBMail history on sql01\sharepoint then return a bunch more columns

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaDbMailHistory

        Returns the all DBMail history for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [DateTime]$Since,
        [ValidateSet('Unsent', 'Sent', 'Failed', 'Retrying')]
        [string]$Status,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category Connectiondbmail -dbmailRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $sql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                    ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                    SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                    mailitem_id as MailItemId,
                    a.profile_id as ProfileId,
                    p.name as Profile,
                    recipients as Recipients,
                    copy_recipients as CopyRecipients,
                    blind_copy_recipients as BlindCopyRecipients,
                    subject as Subject,
                    body as Body,
                    body_format as BodyFormat,
                    importance as Importance,
                    sensitivity as Sensitivity,
                    file_attachments as FileAttachments,
                    attachment_encoding as AttachmentEncoding,
                    query as Query,
                    execute_query_database as ExecuteQueryDatabase,
                    attach_query_result_as_file as AttachQueryResultAsFile,
                    query_result_header as QueryResultHeader,
                    query_result_width as QueryResultWidth,
                    query_result_separator as QueryResultSeparator,
                    exclude_query_output as ExcludeQueryOutput,
                    append_query_error as AppendQueryError,
                    send_request_date as SendRequestDate,
                    send_request_user as SendRequestUser,
                    sent_account_id as SentAccountId,
                    CASE sent_status
                    WHEN 'unsent' THEN 'Unsent'
                    WHEN 'sent' THEN 'Sent'
                    WHEN 'failed' THEN 'Failed'
                    WHEN 'retrying' THEN 'Retrying'
                    END AS SentStatus,
                    sent_date as SentDate,
                    last_mod_date as LastModDate,
                    a.last_mod_user as LastModUser
                    from msdb.dbo.sysmail_allitems a
                    join msdb.dbo.sysmail_profile p
                    on a.profile_id = p.profile_id"

            if ($Since -or $Status) {
                $wherearray = @()

                if ($Since) {
                    $wherearray += "send_request_date >= '$($Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"))'"
                }

                if ($Status) {
                    $Status = $Status -join "', '"
                    $wherearray += "sent_status in ('$Status')"
                }

                $wherearray = $wherearray -join ' and '
                $where = "where $wherearray"
                $sql = "$sql $where"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

            try {
                $server.Query($sql) | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Profile, Recipients, CopyRecipients, BlindCopyRecipients, Subject, Importance, Sensitivity, FileAttachments, AttachmentEncoding, SendRequestDate, SendRequestUser, SentStatus, SentDate
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Query failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbMailLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the DBMail log from a SQL instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the DBMail log from a SQL instance

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        TThe target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.

    .PARAMETER Since
        Datetime object used to narrow the results to the send request date

    .PARAMETER Type
        Narrow the results by type. Valid values include Error, Warning, Success, Information, Internal

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DatabaseMail, DBMail, Mail
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbMailLog

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint

        Returns the entire DBMail log on sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint | Select *

        Returns the entire DBMail log on sql01\sharepoint, includes all returned information.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaDbMailLog -Type Error, Information

        Returns only the Error and Information DBMail log for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [DateTime]$Since,
        [ValidateSet('Error', 'Warning', 'Success', 'Information', 'Internal')]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category Connectiondbmail -dbmailRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $sql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
            ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
            SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
            log_id as LogId,
            CASE event_type
            WHEN 'error' THEN 'Error'
            WHEN 'warning' THEN 'Warning'
            WHEN 'information' THEN 'Information'
            WHEN 'success' THEN 'Success'
            WHEN 'internal' THEN 'Internal'
            ELSE event_type
            END as EventType,
            log_date as LogDate,
            REPLACE(description, CHAR(10)+')', '') as Description,
            process_id as ProcessId,
            mailitem_id as MailItemId,
            account_id as AccountId,
            last_mod_date as LastModDate,
            last_mod_user as LastModUser,
            last_mod_user as [Login]
            FROM msdb.dbo.sysmail_event_log"

            if ($Since -or $Type) {
                $wherearray = @()

                if ($Since) {
                    $wherearray += "log_date >= '$($Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"))'"
                }

                if ($Type) {
                    $combinedtype = $Type -join "', '"
                    $wherearray += "event_type in ('$combinedtype')"
                }

                $wherearray = $wherearray -join ' and '
                $where = "where $wherearray"
                $sql = "$sql $where"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

            try {
                $server.Query($sql) | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, LogDate, EventType, Description, Login
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbMailProfile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database mail profiles from SQL Server

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database mail profiles from SQL Server

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        TThe target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Profile
        Specifies one or more profile(s) to get. If unspecified, all profiles will be returned.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeProfile
        Specifies one or more profile(s) to exclude.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts pipeline input from Get-DbaDbMail

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DatabaseMail, DBMail, Mail
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbMailProfile

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailProfile -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint

        Returns DBMail profiles on sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailProfile -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -Profile 'The DBA Team'

        Returns The DBA Team DBMail profile from sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailProfile -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint | Select *

        Returns the DBMail profiles on sql01\sharepoint then return a bunch more columns

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaDbMail | Get-DbaDbMailProfile

        Returns the DBMail profiles for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Profile,
        [string[]]$ExcludeProfile,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Mail.SqlMail[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDbMail -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }

        if (-not $InputObject) {
            Stop-Function -Message "No servers to process"
            return
        }

        foreach ($mailserver in $InputObject) {
            try {
                $profiles = $mailserver.Profiles

                if ($Profile) {
                    $profiles = $profiles | Where-Object Name -in $Profile
                }

                If ($ExcludeProfile) {
                    $profiles = $profiles | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeProfile

                }

                $profiles | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $mailserver.ComputerName
                $profiles | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $mailserver.InstanceName
                $profiles | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $mailserver.SqlInstance

                $profiles | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, Description, ForceDeleteForActiveProfiles, IsBusyProfile
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbMailServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database mail servers from SQL Server

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database mail servers from SQL Server

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        TThe target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Server
        Specifies one or more server(s) to get. If unspecified, all servers will be returned.

    .PARAMETER Account
        Get only the mail server associated with specific accounts

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts pipeline input from Get-DbaDbMail

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DatabaseMail, DBMail, Mail
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbMailServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailServer -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint

        Returns all DBMail servers on sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailServer -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -Server DbaTeam

        Returns The DBA Team DBMail server from sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMailServer -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint | Select *

        Returns the DBMail servers on sql01\sharepoint then return a bunch more columns

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaDbMail | Get-DbaDbMailServer

        Returns the DBMail servers for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Name")]
        [string[]]$Server,
        [string[]]$Account,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Mail.SqlMail[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDbMail -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }

        if (-not $InputObject) {
            Stop-Function -Message "No servers to process"
            return
        }

        foreach ($mailserver in $InputObject) {
            try {
                $accounts = $mailserver | Get-DbaDbMailAccount -Account $Account
                $servers = $accounts.MailServers

                if ($Server) {
                    $servers = $servers | Where-Object Name -in $Server
                }

                if ($servers) {
                    $servers | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $mailserver.ComputerName
                    $servers | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $mailserver.InstanceName
                    $servers | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $mailserver.SqlInstance
                    $servers | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Account -value $servers[0].Parent.Name
                    $servers | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Account, Name, Port, EnableSsl, ServerType, UserName, UseDefaultCredentials, NoCredentialChange
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaDbMasterKey {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets specified database master key

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets specified database master key

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Database
        Get master key from specific database

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Database object piped in from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate, Database
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMasterKey -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets all master database keys

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1

        Gets the master key for the db1 database

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db on $($db.Parent) is not accessible. Skipping."
                continue
            }

            $masterkey = $db.MasterKey

            if (!$masterkey) {
                Write-Message -Message "No master key exists in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                continue
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $db.Parent.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $db.Parent.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $db.Parent.DomainInstanceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $masterkey -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, CreateDate, DateLastModified, IsEncryptedByServer
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseMasterKey
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbMemoryUsage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Determine buffer pool usage by database.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command can be utilized to determine which databases on a given instance are consuming buffer pool memory.

        This command is based on query provided by Aaron Bertrand.
        Reference: https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/2393/determine-sql-server-memory-use-by-database-and-object/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDb
        Switch to have the output include system database memory consumption.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Memory, Database
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton), https://wsmelton.github.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbMemoryUsage

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMemoryUsage -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Returns the buffer pool consumption for all user databases

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMemoryUsage -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -IncludeSystemDb

        Returns the buffer pool consumption for all user databases and system databases

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMemoryUsage -SqlInstance sql1 -IncludeSystemDb -Database tempdb

        Returns the buffer pool consumption for tempdb database only

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMemoryUsage -SqlInstance sql2 -IncludeSystemDb -Exclude 'master','model','msdb','ResourceDb'

        Returns the buffer pool consumption for all user databases and tempdb database
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDb,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "DECLARE @total_buffer INT;
            SELECT @total_buffer = cntr_value
            FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters
            WHERE RTRIM([object_name]) LIKE '%Buffer Manager'
            AND counter_name = 'Database Pages';

            ;WITH src AS (
                SELECT database_id, page_type, db_buffer_pages = COUNT_BIG(*)
                FROM sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors
                GROUP BY database_id, page_type
            )
            SELECT [DatabaseName] = CASE [database_id] WHEN 32767 THEN 'ResourceDb' ELSE DB_NAME([database_id]) END,
                page_type AS 'PageType',
                db_buffer_pages AS 'PageCount',
                (db_buffer_pages * 8)/1024 AS 'SizeMb',
                CAST(db_buffer_pages * 100.0 / @total_buffer AS FLOAT) AS 'PercentUsed'
            FROM src
            ORDER BY [DatabaseName];"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $results = $server.Query($sql)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting data" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
            }
            foreach ($row in $results) {
                if (Test-Bound 'Database') {
                    if ($row.DatabaseName -notin $Database) { continue }
                }
                if (Test-Bound 'ExcludeDatabase') {
                    if ($row.DatabaseName -in $ExcludeDatabase) { continue }
                }
                if (Test-Bound -Not 'IncludeSystemDb') {
                    if ($row.DatabaseName -in 'master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'ResourceDb') { continue }
                }

                if ($row.PercentUsed -is [System.DBNull]) {
                    $percentUsed = 0
                } else {
                    $percentUsed = [Math]::Round($row.PercentUsed)
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database     = $row.DatabaseName
                    PageType     = $row.PageType
                    PageCount    = [int]$row.PageCount
                    Size         = [DbaSize]$row.SizeMb * 1024
                    PercentUsed  = $percentUsed
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty 'PageCount'
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaDbMirror {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets properties of database mirrors and mirror witnesses.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets properties of database mirrors and mirror witnesses.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Mirror, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbMirror

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMirror -SqlInstance localhost

        Gets properties of database mirrors and mirror witnesses on localhost

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMirror -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Gets properties of database mirrors and mirror witnesses on localhost and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $dbs = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            $partners = $dbs | Where-Object MirroringPartner
            $partners | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, MirroringSafetyLevel, MirroringStatus, MirroringPartner, MirroringPartnerInstance, MirroringFailoverLogSequenceNumber, MirroringID, MirroringRedoQueueMaxSize, MirroringRoleSequence, MirroringSafetySequence, MirroringTimeout, MirroringWitness, MirroringWitnessStatus

            # The witness is kinda hidden. Go get it manually.
            try {
                $witnesses = $dbs[0].Parent.Query("select distinct database_name, principal_server_name, safety_level, safety_level_desc, partner_sync_state from master.sys.database_mirroring_witnesses")
            } catch { continue }

            foreach ($witness in $witnesses) {
                $witnessdb = $dbs | Where-Object Name -eq $witness.database_name
                $status = switch ($witness.partner_sync_state) {
                    0 { "None" }
                    1 { "Suspended" }
                    2 { "Disconnected" }
                    3 { "Synchronizing" }
                    4 { "PendingFailover" }
                    5 { "Synchronized" }
                }

                foreach ($db in $witnessdb) {
                    Add-Member -InputObject $db -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MirroringPartner -Value $witness.principal_server_name
                    Add-Member -InputObject $db -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MirroringSafetyLevel -Value $witness.safety_level_desc
                    Add-Member -InputObject $db -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MirroringWitnessStatus -Value $status
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $db -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, MirroringSafetyLevel, MirroringStatus, MirroringPartner, MirroringPartnerInstance, MirroringFailoverLogSequenceNumber, MirroringID, MirroringRedoQueueMaxSize, MirroringRoleSequence, MirroringSafetySequence, MirroringTimeout, MirroringWitness, MirroringWitnessStatus
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaDbMirrorMonitor {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns status rows for a monitored database from the status table in which database mirroring monitoring history is stored and allows you to choose whether the procedure obtains the latest status beforehand.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns status rows for a monitored database from the status table in which database mirroring monitoring history is stored and allows you to choose whether the procedure obtains the latest status beforehand.

        Basically executes sp_dbmmonitorresults.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternate Windows or SQL Login Authentication. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER Database
        The target database.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The target database.

    .PARAMETER Update
        Updates the status for the database by calling sp_dbmmonitorupdate before computing the results.
        However, if the status table has been updated within the previous 15 seconds, or the user is not a member of the sysadmin fixed server role, the command runs without updating the status.

    .PARAMETER LimitResults
        Limit results. Defaults to last two hours.

        Options include:
        LastRow
        LastTwoHours
        LastFourHours
        LastEightHours
        LastDay
        LastTwoDays
        Last100Rows
        Last500Rows
        Last1000Rows
        Last1000000Rows

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaDatabase.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Mirror, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbMirrorMonitor

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMirrorMonitor -SqlInstance sql2008, sql2012

        Returns last two hours' worth of status rows for a monitored database from the status table on sql2008 and sql2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMirrorMonitor -SqlInstance sql2005 -LimitResults LastDay -Update

        Updates monitor stats then returns the last 24 hours worth of status rows for a monitored database from the status table on sql2008 and sql2012.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Update,
        [ValidateSet('LastRow', 'LastTwoHours', 'LastFourHours', 'LastEightHours', 'LastDay', 'LastTwoDays', 'Last100Rows', 'Last500Rows', 'Last1000Rows', 'Last1000000Rows')]
        [string]$LimitResults = 'LastTwoHours',
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $rows = switch ($LimitResults) {
            'LastRow' { 0 }
            'LastTwoHours' { 1 }
            'LastFourHours' { 2 }
            'LastEightHours' { 3 }
            'LastDay' { 4 }
            'LastTwoDays' { 5 }
            'Last100Rows' { 6 }
            'Last500Rows' { 7 }
            'Last1000000Rows' { 8 }
        }
        $updatebool = switch ($Update) {
            $false { 0 }
            $true { 1 }
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            if (-not ($db.Parent.Databases['msdb'].Tables['dbm_monitor_data'].Name)) {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "mdbo.dbo.dbm_monitor_data not found. Please run Add-DbaDbMirrorMonitor then you can get monitor stats."
            }
            try {
                $sql = "msdb.dbo.sp_dbmmonitorresults $db, $rows, $updatebool"
                $results = $db.Parent.Query($sql)

                foreach ($result in $results) {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName          = $db.Parent.ComputerName
                        InstanceName          = $db.Parent.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance           = $db.Parent.DomainInstanceName
                        DatabaseName          = $result.database_name
                        Role                  = $result.role
                        MirroringState        = $result.mirroring_state
                        WitnessStatus         = $result.witness_status
                        LogGenerationRate     = $result.log_generation_rate
                        UnsentLog             = $result.unsent_log
                        SendRate              = $result.send_rate
                        UnrestoredLog         = $result.unrestored_log
                        RecoveryRate          = $result.recovery_rate
                        TransactionDelay      = $result.transaction_delay
                        TransactionsPerSecond = $result.transactions_per_sec
                        AverageDelay          = $result.average_delay
                        TimeRecorded          = $result.time_recorded
                        TimeBehind            = $result.time_behind
                        LocalTime             = $result.local_time
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaDbPageInfo {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get-DbaDbPageInfo will return page information for a database

    .DESCRIPTION
        Get-DbaDbPageInfo is able to return information about the pages in a database.
        It's possible to return the information for multiple databases and filter on specific databases, schemas and tables.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Filter to only get specific databases

    .PARAMETER Schema
        Filter to only get specific schemas

    .PARAMETER Table
        Filter to only get specific tables

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Page
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbPageInfo

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> et-DbaDbPageInfo -SqlInstance sql2017

        Returns page information for all databases on sql2017

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbPageInfo -SqlInstance sql2017, sql2016 -Database testdb

        Returns page information for the testdb on sql2017 and sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaDatabase -Database testdb | Get-DbaDbPageInfo

        Returns page information for the testdb on all $servers

    #>
    [CmdLetBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$Schema,
        [string[]]$Table,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
        ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
        SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance, [Database] = DB_NAME(DB_ID()),
        ss.name AS [Schema], st.name AS [Table], dbpa.page_type_desc AS PageType,
                        dbpa.page_free_space_percent AS PageFreePercent,
                        IsAllocated =
                          CASE dbpa.is_allocated
                             WHEN 0 THEN 'False'
                             WHEN 1 THEN 'True'
                          END,
                        IsMixedPage =
                          CASE dbpa.is_mixed_page_allocation
                             WHEN 0 THEN 'False'
                             WHEN 1 THEN 'True'
                          END
                        FROM sys.dm_db_database_page_allocations(DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, 'DETAILED') AS dbpa
                        INNER JOIN sys.tables AS st ON st.object_id = dbpa.object_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS ss ON ss.schema_id = st.schema_id"

        if ($Schema) {
            $sql = "$sql WHERE ss.name IN ('$($Schema -join "','")')"
        }

        if ($Table) {
            if ($schema) {
                $sql = "$sql AND st.name IN ('$($Table -join "','")')"
            } else {
                $sql = "$sql WHERE st.name IN ('$($Table -join "','")')"
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        # Loop through all the instances
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $InputObject += $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Database }
            } else {
                $InputObject += $server.Databases
            }
        }

        # Loop through each of databases
        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            # Revalidate the version of the server in case db is piped in
            try {
                if ($db.Parent.VersionMajor -ge 11) {
                    $db.Query($sql)
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported SQL Server version" -Target $db -Continue
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong executing the query" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbPartitionFunction {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database Partition Functions

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database Partition Functions

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Database
        To get users from specific database(s)

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDbaKlaas )

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbPartitionFunction -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets all database Partition Functions

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbPartitionFunction -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1

        Gets the Partition Functions for the db1 database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbPartitionFunction -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1

        Gets the Partition Functions for all databases except db1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDbPartitionFunction

        Gets the Partition Functions for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping."
                    continue
                }

                $partitionfunctions = $db.partitionfunctions

                if (!$partitionfunctions) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No Partition Functions exist in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }

                $partitionfunctions | ForEach-Object {

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $_ -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, CreateDate, Name, NumberOfPartitions
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaDatabasePartitionFunction
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbPartitionScheme {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database Partition Schemes

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database Partition Schemes

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Database
        To get users from specific database(s)

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDbaKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbPartitionScheme -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets all database Partition Schemes

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbPartitionScheme -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1

        Gets the Partition Schemes for the db1 database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbPartitionScheme -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1

        Gets the Partition Schemes for all databases except db1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDbPartitionScheme

        Gets the Partition Schemes for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping."
                    continue
                }

                $PartitionSchemes = $db.PartitionSchemes

                if (!$PartitionSchemes) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No Partition Schemes exist in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }

                $PartitionSchemes | ForEach-Object {

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $_ -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Name, PartitionFunction
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaDatabasePartitionScheme
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get the Query Store configuration for Query Store enabled databases.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Retrieves and returns the Query Store configuration for every database that has the Query Store feature enabled.

    .OUTPUTS
        Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.QueryStoreOptions

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: QueryStore
        Author: Enrico van de Laar (@evdlaar) | Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaQueryStoreOptions

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOption -SqlInstance ServerA\sql

        Returns Query Store configuration settings for every database on the ServerA\sql instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOption -SqlInstance ServerA\sql | Where-Object {$_.ActualState -eq "ReadWrite"}

        Returns the Query Store configuration for all databases on ServerA\sql where the Query Store feature is in Read/Write mode.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOption -SqlInstance localhost | format-table -AutoSize -Wrap

        Returns Query Store configuration settings for every database on the ServerA\sql instance inside a table format.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $ExcludeDatabase += 'master', 'tempdb'
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 13
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to $instance. Moving on."
                continue
            }

            # We have to exclude all the system databases since they cannot have the Query Store feature enabled
            $dbs = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase -Database $Database | Where-Object IsAccessible

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $($db.Name) on $instance"
                $QSO = $db.QueryStoreOptions

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $QSO -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $QSO -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $QSO -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $QSO -MemberType NoteProperty Database -value $db.Name
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $QSO -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, ActualState, DataFlushIntervalInSeconds, StatisticsCollectionIntervalInMinutes, MaxStorageSizeInMB, CurrentStorageSizeInMB, QueryCaptureMode, SizeBasedCleanupMode, StaleQueryThresholdInDays
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel displays the Recovery Model.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel displays the Recovery Model for all databases. This is the default, you can filter using -Database, -ExcludeDatabase, -RecoveryModel

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. if unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER RecoveryModel
        Filters the output based on Recovery Model. Valid options are Simple, Full and BulkLogged

        Details about the recovery models can be found here:
        https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/backup-restore/recovery-models-sql-server

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Recovery, RecoveryModel, Simple, Full, Bulk, BulkLogged
        Author: Viorel Ciucu (@viorelciucu), https://www.cviorel.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2014 -RecoveryModel BulkLogged -Verbose

        Gets all databases on SQL Server instance sql2014 having RecoveryModel set to BulkLogged.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database TestDB

        Gets recovery model information for TestDB. If TestDB does not exist on the instance nothing is returned.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('Simple', 'Full', 'BulkLogged')]
        [string[]]$RecoveryModel,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Name', 'Status', 'IsAccessible', 'RecoveryModel',
        'LastBackupDate as LastFullBackup', 'LastDifferentialBackupDate as LastDiffBackup',
        'LastLogBackupDate as LastLogBackup'
    }
    process {
        $params = @{
            SqlInstance     = $SqlInstance
            SqlCredential   = $SqlCredential
            Database        = $Database
            ExcludeDatabase = $ExcludeDatabase
            EnableException = $EnableException
        }

        if ($RecoveryModel) {
            Get-DbaDatabase @params | Where-Object RecoveryModel -in $RecoveryModel | Where-Object IsAccessible | Select-DefaultView -Property $defaults
        } else {
            Get-DbaDatabase @params | Select-DefaultView -Property $defaults
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaDbRestoreHistory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns restore history details for databases on a SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, this command will return the server name, database, username, restore type, date, from file and to files.

        Thanks to https://www.mssqltips.com/SqlInstancetip/1724/when-was-the-last-time-your-sql-server-database-was-restored/ for the query and https://sqlstudies.com/2016/07/27/when-was-this-database-restored/ for the idea.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Specifies the SQL Server instance(s) to operate on. Requires SQL Server 2005 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Since
        Specifies a datetime to use as the starting point for searching backup history.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Deprecated.

    .PARAMETER Last
        If this switch is enabled, the last restore action performed on each database is returned.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbRestoreHistory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbRestoreHistory -SqlInstance sql2016

        Returns server name, database, username, restore type, date for all restored databases on sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbRestoreHistory -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database db1, db2 -Since '2016-07-01 10:47:00'

        Returns restore information only for databases db1 and db2 on sql2016 since July 1, 2016 at 10:47 AM.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbRestoreHistory -SqlInstance sql2014, sql2016 -Exclude db1

        Returns restore information for all databases except db1 on sql2014 and sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbRestoreHistory -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014, pubs -SqlCredential $cred | Format-Table

        Returns database restore information for AdventureWorks2014 and pubs database on sql2014, connects using SQL Authentication via sqladmin account. Formats the data as a table.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2016 | Get-DbaDbRestoreHistory

        Returns database restore information for every database on every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2016.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [datetime]$Since,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$Last,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Parameter 'Force'

        if ($Since -ne $null) {
            $Since = $Since.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss")
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
                $computername = $server.ComputerName
                $instancename = $server.ServiceName
                $servername = $server.DomainInstanceName

                if ($force -eq $true) {
                    $select = "SELECT '$computername' AS [ComputerName],
                    '$instancename' AS [InstanceName],
                    '$servername' AS [SqlInstance], * "
                } else {
                    $select = "SELECT
                    '$computername' AS [ComputerName],
                    '$instancename' AS [InstanceName],
                    '$servername' AS [SqlInstance],
                     rsh.destination_database_name AS [Database],
                     --rsh.restore_history_id as RestoreHistoryID,
                     rsh.user_name AS [Username],
                     CASE
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'D' THEN 'Database'
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'F' THEN 'File'
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'G' THEN 'Filegroup'
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'I' THEN 'Differential'
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'L' THEN 'Log'
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'V' THEN 'Verifyonly'
                         WHEN rsh.restore_type = 'R' THEN 'Revert'
                         ELSE rsh.restore_type
                     END AS [RestoreType],
                     rsh.restore_date AS [Date],
                     ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT ', ' + bmf.physical_device_name
                                    FROM msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily bmf
                                   WHERE bmf.media_set_id = bs.media_set_id
                                 FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, ''), '') AS [From],
                     ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT ', ' + rf.destination_phys_name
                                    FROM msdb.dbo.restorefile rf
                                   WHERE rsh.restore_history_id = rf.restore_history_id
                                 FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, ''), '') AS [To],
                    bs.first_lsn,
                    bs.last_lsn,
                    bs.checkpoint_lsn,
                    bs.database_backup_lsn,
                    bs.backup_finish_date,
                    bs.backup_finish_date AS BackupFinishDate
                    "
                }

                $from = " FROM msdb.dbo.restorehistory rsh
                    INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupset bs ON rsh.backup_set_id = bs.backup_set_id"

                if ($ExcludeDatabase -or $Database -or $Since -or $last) {
                    $where = " WHERE "
                }

                $wherearray = @()

                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dblist = $ExcludeDatabase -join "','"
                    $wherearray += " destination_database_name not in ('$dblist')"
                }

                if ($Database) {
                    $dblist = $Database -join "','"
                    $wherearray += "destination_database_name in ('$dblist')"
                }

                if ($null -ne $Since) {
                    $wherearray += "rsh.restore_date >= '$since'"
                }


                if ($last) {
                    $wherearray += "rsh.backup_set_id in
                        (select max(backup_set_id) from msdb.dbo.restorehistory
                        group by destination_database_name
                        )"
                }

                if ($where.length -gt 0) {
                    $wherearray = $wherearray -join " and "
                    $where = "$where $wherearray"
                }

                $sql = "$select $from $where"

                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

                $results = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows
                if ($last) {
                    $ga = $results | Group-Object Database
                    $tmpres = @()
                    foreach ($g in $ga) {
                        $tmpres += $g.Group | Sort-Object -Property Date -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
                    }
                    $results = $tmpres
                }
                $results | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty first_lsn, last_lsn, checkpoint_lsn, database_backup_lsn, backup_finish_date
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $SqlInstance -Error $_ -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle, Messaging, FlowControl, Pipeline#
function Get-DbaDbRoleMember {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get members of database roles for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaDbRoleMember returns connected SMO object for database roles for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternate Windows or SQL Login Authentication. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Role
        The role(s) to process. If unspecified, all roles will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeRole
        The role(s) to exclude.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeFixedRole
        Excludes all members of fixed roles.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemUser
        Includes system users. By default system users are not included.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Role, Database, Security, Login
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbRoleMember

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbRoleMember -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all members of all database roles on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbRoleMember -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all members of all database roles on the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = Get-Content C:\servers.txt
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaDbRoleMember

        Returns all members of all database roles for every server in C:\servers.txt

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbRoleMember -SqlInstance localhost -Database msdb

        Returns non-system members of all roles in the msdb database on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbRoleMember -SqlInstance localhost -Database msdb -IncludeSystemUser -ExcludeFixedRole

        Returns all members of non-fixed roles in the msdb database on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbRoleMember -SqlInstance localhost -Database msdb -Role 'db_owner'

        Returns all members of the db_owner role in the msdb database on localhost.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [string[]]$Role,
        [string[]]$ExcludeRole,
        [switch]$ExcludeFixedRole,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemUser,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message 'Failure' -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -eq $true }

            if (Test-Bound -Parameter 'Database') {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Database }
            }

            if (Test-Bound -Parameter 'ExcludeDatabase') {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase}
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                Write-Message -Level 'Verbose' -Message "Getting Database Roles for $db on $instance"

                $dbRoles = $db.roles

                if (Test-Bound -Parameter 'Role') {
                    $dbRoles = $dbRoles | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Role }
                }

                if (Test-Bound -Parameter 'ExcludeRole') {
                    $dbRoles = $dbRoles | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $ExcludeRole }
                }

                if (Test-Bound -Parameter 'ExcludeFixedRole') {
                    $dbRoles = $dbRoles | Where-Object { $_.IsFixedRole -eq $false }
                }

                foreach ($dbRole in $dbRoles) {
                    Write-Message -Level 'Verbose' -Message "Getting Database Role Members for $dbRole in $db on $instance"

                    $members = $dbRole.EnumMembers()
                    foreach ($member in $members) {
                        $user = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $member }

                        if (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName 'IncludeSystemUser') {
                            $user = $user | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
                        }

                        if ($user) {
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $user -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $user -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $user -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $user -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -Value $db.Name
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $user -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Role -Value $dbRole.Name
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $user -MemberType NoteProperty -Name UserName -Value $user.Name

                            # Select object because Select-DefaultView causes strange behaviors when assigned to a variable (??)
                            Select-Object -InputObject $user -Property 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Database', 'Role', 'UserName', 'Login', 'IsSystemObject'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaRoleMember
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaDbSharePoint {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns databases that are part of a SharePoint Farm.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns databases that are part of a SharePoint Farm, as found in the SharePoint Configuration database.

        By default, this command checks SharePoint_Config. To use an alternate database, use the ConfigDatabase parameter.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternate Windows or SQL Login Authentication. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER ConfigDatabase
        The name of the SharePoint Configuration database. Defaults to SharePoint_Config.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaDatabase.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SharePoint
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbSharePoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSharePoint -SqlInstance sqlcluster

        Returns databases that are part of a SharePoint Farm, as found in SharePoint_Config on sqlcluster

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database SharePoint_Config_2016 | Get-DbaDbSharePoint

        Returns databases that are part of a SharePoint Farm, as found in SharePoint_Config_2016 on sqlcluster

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$ConfigDatabase = "SharePoint_Config",
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $ConfigDatabase
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            try {
                $guid = $db.Query("SELECT Id FROM Classes WHERE FullName LIKE 'Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration.SPDatabase,%'").Id.Guid
                $dbid = $db.Query("[dbo].[proc_getObjectsByBaseClass] @BaseClassId = '$guid', @ParentId = NULL").Id.Guid -join "', '"
                $dbname = $db.Query("SELECT [Name] FROM [SharePoint_Config].[dbo].[Objects] WHERE id in ('$dbid')").Name
                Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $db.Parent -Database $dbname
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaDbSnapshot {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get database snapshots with details

    .DESCRIPTION
        Retrieves the list of database snapshot available, along with their base (the db they are the snapshot of) and creation time

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user

    .PARAMETER Database
        Return information for only specific databases

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER Snapshot
        Return information for only specific snapshots

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSnapshot
        The snapshot(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Snapshot
        Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphlod)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbSnapshot

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Returns a custom object displaying Server, Database, DatabaseCreated, SnapshotOf, SizeMB, DatabaseCreated

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting

        Returns information for database snapshots having HR and Accounting as base dbs

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Snapshot HR_snapshot, Accounting_snapshot

        Returns information for database snapshots HR_snapshot and Accounting_snapshot

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [object[]]$Snapshot,
        [object[]]$ExcludeSnapshot,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object DatabaseSnapshotBaseName
            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName }
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName }
            }
            if ($Snapshot) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Snapshot -contains $_.Name }
            }
            if (!$Snapshot -and !$Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object IsDatabaseSnapshot -eq $true | Sort-Object DatabaseSnapshotBaseName, Name
            }
            if ($ExcludeSnapshot) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeSnapshot -notcontains $_.Name }
            }
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                try {
                    $BytesOnDisk = $db.Query("SELECT SUM(BytesOnDisk) AS BytesOnDisk FROM fn_virtualfilestats(DB_ID(),NULL) S JOIN sys.databases D on D.database_id = S.dbid", $db.Name)
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $db -MemberType NoteProperty -Name DiskUsage -value ([dbasize]($BytesOnDisk.BytesOnDisk))
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $db -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, 'DatabaseSnapshotBaseName as SnapshotOf', CreateDate, DiskUsage
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseSnapshot
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbSpace {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns database file space information for database files on a SQL instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns database file space information for a SQL Instance or group of SQL Instances. Information is based on a query against sys.database_files and the FILEPROPERTY function to query and return information.

        File free space script borrowed and modified from Glenn Berry's DMV scripts (http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/glenn/category/dmv-queries/)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDBs
        If this switch is enabled, system databases will be processed. By default, only user databases are processed.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Space, Storage
        Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbSpace

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSpace -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all user database files and free space information for the localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSpace -SqlInstance localhost | Where-Object {$_.PercentUsed -gt 80}

        Returns all user database files and free space information for the local host. Filters the output object by any files that have a percent used of greater than 80%.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'localhost','localhost\namedinstance' | Get-DbaDbSpace

        Returns all user database files and free space information for the localhost and localhost\namedinstance SQL Server instances. Processes data via the pipeline.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSpace -SqlInstance localhost -Database db1, db2 | Where-Object { $_.SpaceUntilMaxSize.Megabyte -lt 1 }

        Returns database files and free space information for the db1 and db2 on localhost where there is only 1MB left until the space is maxed out

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSpace -SqlInstance localhost -Database db1, db2 | Where-Object { $_.SpaceUntilMaxSize.Gigabyte -lt 1 }

        Returns database files and free space information for the db1 and db2 on localhost where there is only 1GB left until the space is maxed out

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param ([parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDBs,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level System -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")."

        $sql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                                   ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                                   SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                    DB_NAME() as DBName
                    ,f.name AS [FileName]
                    ,fg.name AS [Filegroup]
                    ,f.physical_name AS [PhysicalName]
                    ,f.type_desc AS [FileType]
                    ,CAST(CAST(FILEPROPERTY(f.name, 'SpaceUsed') AS int)/128.0 AS FLOAT) as [UsedSpaceMB]
                    ,CAST(f.size/128.0 - CAST(FILEPROPERTY(f.name, 'SpaceUsed') AS int)/128.0 AS FLOAT) AS [FreeSpaceMB]
                    ,CAST((f.size/128.0) AS FLOAT) AS [FileSizeMB]
                    ,CAST((FILEPROPERTY(f.name, 'SpaceUsed')/(f.size/1.0)) * 100 as FLOAT) as [PercentUsed]
                    ,CAST((f.growth/128.0) AS FLOAT) AS [GrowthMB]
                    ,CASE is_percent_growth WHEN 1 THEN 'pct' WHEN 0 THEN 'MB' ELSE 'Unknown' END AS [GrowthType]
                    ,CASE f.max_size WHEN -1 THEN 2147483648. ELSE CAST((f.max_size/128.0) AS FLOAT) END AS [MaxSizeMB]
                    ,CAST((f.size/128.0) AS FLOAT) - CAST(CAST(FILEPROPERTY(f.name, 'SpaceUsed') AS int)/128.0 AS FLOAT) AS [SpaceBeforeAutoGrow]
                    ,CASE f.max_size	WHEN (-1)
                                        THEN CAST(((2147483648.) - CAST(FILEPROPERTY(f.name, 'SpaceUsed') AS int))/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                        ELSE CAST((f.max_size - CAST(FILEPROPERTY(f.name, 'SpaceUsed') AS int))/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                        END AS [SpaceBeforeMax]
                    ,CASE f.growth	WHEN 0 THEN 0.00
                                    ELSE	CASE f.is_percent_growth	WHEN 0
                                                    THEN	CASE f.max_size
                                                            WHEN (-1)
                                                            THEN CAST(((((2147483648.)-f.Size)/f.Growth)*f.Growth)/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                                            ELSE CAST((((f.max_size-f.Size)/f.Growth)*f.Growth)/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                                            END
                                                    WHEN 1
                                                    THEN	CASE f.max_size
                                                            WHEN (-1)
                                                            THEN CAST(CONVERT([int],f.Size*power((1)+CONVERT([float],f.Growth)/(100),CONVERT([int],log10(CONVERT([float],(2147483648.))/CONVERT([float],f.Size))/log10((1)+CONVERT([float],f.Growth)/(100)))))/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                                            ELSE CAST(CONVERT([int],f.Size*power((1)+CONVERT([float],f.Growth)/(100),CONVERT([int],log10(CONVERT([float],f.Max_Size)/CONVERT([float],f.Size))/log10((1)+CONVERT([float],f.Growth)/(100)))))/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                                            END
                                                    ELSE (0)
                                                    END
                                    END AS [PossibleAutoGrowthMB]
                    , CASE f.max_size	WHEN -1 THEN 0
                                        ELSE CASE f.growth
                                                WHEN 0 THEN (f.max_size - f.size)/128
                                                ELSE	CASE f.is_percent_growth
                                                        WHEN 0
                                                        THEN CAST((f.max_size - f.size - (	CONVERT(FLOAT,FLOOR((f.max_size-f.Size)/f.Growth)*f.Growth)))/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                                        ELSE CAST((f.max_size - f.size - (	CONVERT([int],f.Size*power((1)+CONVERT([float],f.Growth)/(100),CONVERT([int],log10(CONVERT([float],f.Max_Size)/CONVERT([float],f.Size))/log10((1)+CONVERT([float],f.Growth)/(100)))))))/128.0 AS FLOAT)
                                                        END
                                                END
                                    END AS [UnusableSpaceMB]

                FROM sys.database_files AS f WITH (NOLOCK)
                LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.filegroups AS fg WITH (NOLOCK)
                ON f.data_space_id = fg.data_space_id"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "SQL Server 2000 not supported. $server skipped."
                continue
            }

            #If IncludeSystemDBs is true, include systemdbs
            #look at all databases, online/offline/accessible/inaccessible and tell user if a db can't be queried.
            try {
                if (Test-Bound "Database") {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
                } elseif ($IncludeSystemDBs) {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible
                } else {
                    $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 }
                }

                if (Test-Bound "ExcludeDatabase") {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to gather databases for $instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Querying $instance - $db."
                    If ($db.status -ne 'Normal' -or $db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$db is not accessible." -Target $db
                        continue
                    }
                    #Execute query against individual database and add to output
                    foreach ($row in ($db.ExecuteWithResults($sql)).Tables.Rows) {
                        if ($row.UsedSpaceMB -is [System.DBNull]) {
                            $UsedMB = 0
                        } else {
                            $UsedMB = [Math]::Round($row.UsedSpaceMB)
                        }
                        if ($row.FreeSpaceMB -is [System.DBNull]) {
                            $FreeMB = 0
                        } else {
                            $FreeMB = [Math]::Round($row.FreeSpaceMB)
                        }
                        if ($row.PercentUsed -is [System.DBNull]) {
                            $PercentUsed = 0
                        } else {
                            $PercentUsed = [Math]::Round($row.PercentUsed)
                        }
                        if ($row.SpaceBeforeMax -is [System.DBNull]) {
                            $SpaceUntilMax = 0
                        } else {
                            $SpaceUntilMax = [Math]::Round($row.SpaceBeforeMax)
                        }
                        if ($row.UnusableSpaceMB -is [System.DBNull]) {
                            $UnusableSpace = 0
                        } else {
                            $UnusableSpace = [Math]::Round($row.UnusableSpaceMB)
                        }

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName       = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database           = $row.DBName
                            FileName           = $row.FileName
                            FileGroup          = $row.FileGroup
                            PhysicalName       = $row.PhysicalName
                            FileType           = $row.FileType
                            UsedSpace          = [dbasize]($UsedMB * 1024 * 1024)
                            FreeSpace          = [dbasize]($FreeMB * 1024 * 1024)
                            FileSize           = [dbasize]($row.FileSizeMB * 1024 * 1024)
                            PercentUsed        = $PercentUsed
                            AutoGrowth         = [dbasize]($row.GrowthMB * 1024 * 1024)
                            AutoGrowType       = $row.GrowthType
                            SpaceUntilMaxSize  = [dbasize]($SpaceUntilMax * 1024 * 1024)
                            AutoGrowthPossible = [dbasize]($row.PossibleAutoGrowthMB * 1024 * 1024)
                            UnusableSpace      = [dbasize]($UnusableSpace * 1024 * 1024)
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to query $instance - $db." -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseFreeSpace
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseSpace
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaDbState {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets various options for databases, hereby called "states"

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets some common "states" on databases:
        - "RW" options : READ_ONLY or READ_WRITE
        - "Status" options : ONLINE, OFFLINE, EMERGENCY, RESTORING
        - "Access" options : SINGLE_USER, RESTRICTED_USER, MULTI_USER

        Returns an object with SqlInstance, Database, RW, Status, Access

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database
        Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphold)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbState

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Gets options for all databases of the sqlserver2014a instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting

        Gets options for both HR and Accounting database of the sqlserver2014a instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Exclude HR

        Gets options for all databases of the sqlserver2014a instance except HR

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sqlserver2014a', 'sqlserver2014b' | Get-DbaDbState

        Gets options for all databases of sqlserver2014a and sqlserver2014b instances

    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseLiteralInitializerForHashtable", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $DbStatesQuery = @'
SELECT
Name   = name,
Access = user_access_desc,
Status = state_desc,
RW     = CASE WHEN is_read_only = 0 THEN 'READ_WRITE' ELSE 'READ_ONLY' END
FROM sys.databases
'@

    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $dbStates = $server.Query($DbStatesQuery)
            $dbs = $dbStates | Where-Object { @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution') -notcontains $_.Name }
            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }
            # "normal" hashtable doesn't account for case sensitivity
            $dbStatesHash = New-Object -TypeName System.Collections.Hashtable
            foreach ($db in $dbStates) {
                $dbStatesHash.Add($db.Name, [pscustomobject]@{
                        Access = $db.Access
                        Status = $db.Status
                        RW     = $db.RW
                    })
            }
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                $db_status = $dbStatesHash[$db.Name]
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    SqlInstance  = $server.Name
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    DatabaseName = $db.Name
                    RW           = $db_status.RW
                    Status       = $db_status.Status
                    Access       = $db_status.Access
                    Database     = $server.Databases[$db.Name]
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Database
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseState
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database Stored Procedures

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database Stored Procedures

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Database
        To get Stored Procedures from specific database(s)

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemSp
        This switch removes all system objects from the Stored Procedure collection

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, StoredProcedure, Proc
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDbaKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets all database Stored Procedures

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1

        Gets the Stored Procedures for the db1 database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1

        Gets the Stored Procedures for all databases except db1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeSystemSp

        Gets the Stored Procedures for all databases that are not system objects

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure

        Gets the Stored Procedures for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemSp,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping."
                    continue
                }
                if ($db.StoredProcedures.Count -eq 0) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No Stored Procedures exist in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Output
                    continue
                }

                foreach ($proc in $db.StoredProcedures) {
                    if ( (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeSystemSp) -and $proc.IsSystemObject ) {
                        continue
                    }

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proc -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proc -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proc -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proc -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Database', 'Schema', 'ID as ObjectId', 'CreateDate',
                    'DateLastModified', 'Name', 'ImplementationType', 'Startup'
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $proc -Property $defaults
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbTable {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns a summary of information on the tables

    .DESCRIPTION
        Shows table information around table row and data sizes and if it has any table type information.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDBs
        Switch parameter that when used will display system database information

    .PARAMETER Table
        Define a specific table you would like to query. You can specify up to three-part name like db.sch.tbl.

        If the object has special characters please wrap them in square brackets [ ].
        Using dbo.First.Table will try to find table named 'Table' on schema 'First' and database 'dbo'.
        The correct way to find table named 'First.Table' on schema 'dbo' is by passing dbo.[First.Table]
        Any actual usage of the ] must be escaped by duplicating the ] character.
        The correct way to find a table Name] in schema Schema.Name is by passing [Schema.Name].[Name]]]

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Tables
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbTable

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database Test1

        Return all tables in the Test1 database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Database MyDB -Table MyTable

        Return only information on the table MyTable from the database MyDB

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Table MyTable

        Returns information on table called MyTable if it exists in any database on the server, under any schema

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Table dbo.[First.Table]

        Returns information on table called First.Table on schema dbo if it exists in any database on the server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'localhost','localhost\namedinstance' | Get-DbaDbTable -Database DBA -Table Commandlog

        Returns information on the CommandLog table in the DBA database on both instances localhost and the named instance localhost\namedinstance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance DEV01 -Table "[[DbName]]].[Schema.With.Dots].[`"[Process]]`"]" -Verbose

        For the instance Dev01 Returns information for a table named: "[Process]" in schema named: Schema.With.Dots in database named: [DbName]
        The Table name, Schema name and Database name must be wrapped in square brackets [ ]
        Special charcters like " must be escaped by a ` charcter.
        In addition any actual instance of the ] character must be escaped by being duplicated.
       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param ([parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDBs,
        [string[]]$Table,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($Table) {
            $fqtns = @()
            foreach ($t in $Table) {
                $fqtn = Get-TableNameParts -Table $t

                if (!$fqtn.Parsed) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Please check you are using proper three-part names. If your search value contains special characters you must use [ ] to wrap the name. The value $t could not be parsed as a valid name."
                    Continue
                }

                $fqtns += [PSCustomObject] @{
                    Database   = $fqtn.Database
                    Schema     = $fqtn.Schema
                    Table      = $fqtn.Table
                    InputValue = $fqtn.InputValue
                }
            }
            if (!$fqtns) {
                Stop-Function -Message "No Valid Table specified"  -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                #only look at online databases (Status equal normal)
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

                #If IncludeSystemDBs is false, exclude systemdbs
                if (!$IncludeSystemDBs -and !$Database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { !$_.IsSystemObject }
                }

                if ($Database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
                }

                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to gather dbs for $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db"

                if ($fqtns) {
                    $tables = @()
                    foreach ($fqtn in $fqtns) {
                        # If the user specified a database in a three-part name, and it's not the
                        # database currently being processed, skip this table.
                        if ($fqtn.Database) {
                            if ($fqtn.Database -ne $db.Name) {
                                continue
                            }
                        }

                        $tbl = $db.tables | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $fqtn.Table -and $fqtn.Schema -in ($_.Schema, $null) -and $fqtn.Database -in ($_.Parent.Name, $null) }

                        if (-not $tbl) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not find table $($fqtn.Table) in $db on $server"
                        }
                        $tables += $tbl
                    }
                } else {
                    $tables = $db.Tables
                }

                foreach ($sqltable in $tables) {
                    $sqltable | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                    $sqltable | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                    $sqltable | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    $sqltable | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -Value $db.Name

                    $defaultprops = "ComputerName", "InstanceName", "SqlInstance", "Database", "Schema", "Name", "IndexSpaceUsed", "DataSpaceUsed", "RowCount", "HasClusteredIndex", "IsFileTable", "IsMemoryOptimized", "IsPartitioned", "FullTextIndex", "ChangeTrackingEnabled"

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $sqltable -Property $defaultprops
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaTable
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbTrigger {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get all existing database triggers on one or more SQL instances.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Get all existing database triggers on one or more SQL instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allow pipedline input from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/ca

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Trigger
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbTrigger

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbTrigger -SqlInstance sql2017

        Returns all database triggers

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database supa | Get-DbaDbTrigger

        Returns all triggers for database supa on sql2017

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbTrigger -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database supa

        Returns all triggers for database supa on sql2017

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            try {
                foreach ($trigger in ($db.Triggers)) {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $trigger -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $db.Parent.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $trigger -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $db.Parent.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $trigger -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $db.Parent.DomainInstanceName
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $trigger -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, IsEnabled, DateLastModified
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbUdf {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database User Defined Functions

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database User Defined Functions

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Database
        To get User Defined Functions from specific database(s)

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemUdf
        This switch removes all system objects from the UDF collection

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Database
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDbaKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbUdf -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets all database User Defined Functions

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbUdf -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1

        Gets the User Defined Functions for the db1 database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbUdf -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1

        Gets the User Defined Functions for all databases except db1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbUdf -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeSystemUdf

        Gets the User Defined Functions for all databases that are not system objects (there can be 100+ system User Defined Functions in each DB)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDbUdf

        Gets the User Defined Functions for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemUdf,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {

                $UserDefinedFunctions = $db.UserDefinedFunctions

                if (!$UserDefinedFunctions) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No User Defined Functions exist in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeSystemUdf) {
                    $UserDefinedFunctions = $UserDefinedFunctions | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
                }

                $UserDefinedFunctions | ForEach-Object {

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $_ -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Schema, CreateDate, DateLastModified, Name, DataType
                }
            }
        }
    }

    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseUdf
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbUser {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database users

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database users

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Database
        To get users from specific database(s)

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemUser
        This switch removes all system objects from the user collection

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Database
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDbaKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets all database users

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1

        Gets the users for the db1 database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1

        Gets the users for all databases except db1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeSystemUser

        Gets the users for all databases that are not system objects, like 'dbo', 'guest' or 'INFORMATION_SCHEMA'

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDbUser

        Gets the users for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemUser,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {

                $users = $db.users

                if (!$users) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No users exist in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeSystemUser) {
                    $users = $users | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
                }

                $users | ForEach-Object {

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $_ -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, CreateDate, DateLastModified, Name, Login, LoginType, AuthenticationType, State, HasDbAccess, DefaultSchema
                }
            }
        }
    }

    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseUser
    }
}
function Get-DbaDbView {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets database views for each SqlInstance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets database views for each SqlInstance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        To get views from specific database(s) - this list is auto populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemView
        This switch removes all system objects from the view collection.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Database
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDbaKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbView -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets all database views

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbView -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1

        Gets the views for the db1 database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbView -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeDatabase db1

        Gets the views for all databases except db1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbView -SqlInstance Server1 -ExcludeSystemView

        Gets the views for all databases that are not system objects (there can be 400+ system views in each DB)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaDbView

        Gets the views for the databases on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemView,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                $views = $db.views

                if (!$views) {
                    Write-Message -Message "No views exist in the $db database on $instance" -Target $db -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeSystemView) {
                    $views = $views | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
                }

                $views | Foreach-Object {

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $_ -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $_ -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Schema, CreateDate, DateLastModified, Name
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaDatabaseView
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns database virtual log file information for database files on a SQL instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Having a transaction log file with too many virtual log files (VLFs) can hurt database performance.

        Too many VLFs can cause transaction log backups to slow down and can also slow down database recovery and, in extreme cases, even affect insert/update/delete performance.

        References:
        http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/kimberly/transaction-log-vlfs-too-many-or-too-few/
        http://blogs.msdn.com/b/saponsqlserver/archive/2012/02/22/too-many-virtual-log-files-vlfs-can-cause-slow-database-recovery.aspx

        If you've got a high number of VLFs, you can use Expand-SqlTLogResponsibly to reduce the number.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDBs
        If this switch is enabled, system database information will be displayed.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: VLF, Database, LogFile
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance sqlcluster

        Returns all user database virtual log file details for the sqlcluster instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance sqlserver | Group-Object -Property Database | Where-Object Count -gt 50

        Returns user databases that have 50 or more VLFs.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sqlserver','sqlcluster' | Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile

        Returns all VLF information for the sqlserver and sqlcluster SQL Server instances. Processes data via the pipeline.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database db1, db2

        Returns the VLF counts for the db1 and db2 databases on sqlcluster.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Collections.ArrayList])]
    param ([parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDBs,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if (!$IncludeSystemDBs) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                try {
                    $data = $db.Query("DBCC LOGINFO")

                    foreach ($d in $data) {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database       = $db.Name
                            RecoveryUnitId = $d.RecoveryUnitId
                            FileId         = $d.FileId
                            FileSize       = $d.FileSize
                            StartOffset    = $d.StartOffset
                            FSeqNo         = $d.FSeqNo
                            Status         = $d.Status
                            Parity         = $d.Parity
                            CreateLsn      = $d.CreateLSN
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to query $($db.name) on $instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDefaultPath {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the default SQL Server paths for data, logs and backups

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the default SQL Server paths for data, logs and backups

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        TThe target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Config
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDefaultPath

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint

        Returns the default file paths for sql01\sharepoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaDefaultPath

        Returns the default file paths for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "Instance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -AzureUnsupported
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dataPath = $server.DefaultFile
            if ($dataPath.Length -eq 0) {
                $dataPath = $server.Query("SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceDefaultdataPath') as Data").Data
            }

            if ($dataPath -eq [System.DBNull]::Value -or $dataPath.Length -eq 0) {
                $dataPath = Split-Path (Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -Database model).FileGroups[0].Files[0].FileName
            }

            if ($dataPath.Length -eq 0) {
                $dataPath = $server.Information.MasterDbPath
            }

            $logPath = $server.DefaultLog

            if ($logPath.Length -eq 0) {
                $logPath = $server.Query("SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceDefaultLogPath') as Log").Log
            }

            if ($logPath -eq [System.DBNull]::Value -or $logPath.Length -eq 0) {
                $logPath = Split-Path (Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -Database model).LogFiles.FileName
            }

            if ($logPath.Length -eq 0) {
                $logPath = $server.Information.MasterDbLogPath
            }

            $dataPath = $dataPath.Trim().TrimEnd("\")
            $logPath = $logPath.Trim().TrimEnd("\")

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Data         = $dataPath
                Log          = $logPath
                Backup       = $server.BackupDirectory
                ErrorLog     = $server.ErrorlogPath
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDependency {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Finds object dependencies and their relevant creation scripts.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function recursively finds all objects that depends on the input.
        It will then retrieve rich information from them, including their creation scripts and the order in which it should be applied.

        By using the 'Parents' switch, the function will instead retrieve all items that the input depends on (including their creation scripts).

        For more details on dependency, see:
        https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms345449(v=sql.105).aspx

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        The SMO object to parse

    .PARAMETER AllowSystemObjects
        Normally, system objects are ignored by this function as dependencies.
        This switch overrides that behavior.

    .PARAMETER Parents
        Causes the function to retrieve all objects that the input depends on, rather than retrieving everything that depends on the input.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSelf
        Includes the object whose dependencies are retrieves itself.
        Useful when exporting an entire logic structure in order to recreate it in another database.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER IncludeScript
        Setting this switch will cause the function to also retrieve the creation script of the dependency.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Dependent, Dependency, Object
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDependency

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $table = (Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2012 -Database Northwind).tables | Where Name -eq Customers
        PS C:\> $table | Get-DbaDependency

        Returns everything that depends on the "Customers" table

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        $InputObject,

        [switch]
        $AllowSystemObjects,

        [switch]
        $Parents,

        [switch]
        $IncludeSelf,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #region Utility functions
        function Get-DependencyTree {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $Object,

                $Server,

                [bool]
                $AllowSystemObjects,

                [bool]
                $EnumParents,

                [string]
                $FunctionName,

                [bool]
                $EnableException
            )

            $scripter = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Scripter
            $options = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions
            $options.DriAll = $true
            $options.AllowSystemObjects = $AllowSystemObjects
            $options.WithDependencies = $true
            $scripter.Options = $options
            $scripter.Server = $Server

            $urnCollection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.UrnCollection

            Write-Message -EnableException $EnableException -Level 5 -Message "Adding $Object which is a $($Object.urn.Type)" -FunctionName $FunctionName
            $urnCollection.Add([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.Urn]$Object.urn)

            #now we set up an event listnenr go get progress reports
            $progressReportEventHandler = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ProgressReportEventHandler] {
                $name = $_.Current.GetAttribute('Name');
                Write-Message -EnableException $EnableException -Level 5 -Message "Analysed $name" -FunctionName $FunctionName
            }
            $scripter.add_DiscoveryProgress($progressReportEventHandler)

            return $scripter.DiscoverDependencies($urnCollection, $EnumParents)
        }

        function Read-DependencyTree {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [System.Object]
                $InputObject,

                [int]
                $Tier,

                [System.Object]
                $Parent,

                [bool]
                $EnumParents
            )

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $InputObject -Name Parent -Value $Parent -MemberType NoteProperty
            if ($EnumParents) { Add-Member -Force -InputObject $InputObject -Name Tier -Value ($Tier * -1) -MemberType NoteProperty -PassThru }
            else { Add-Member -Force -InputObject $InputObject -Name Tier -Value $Tier -MemberType NoteProperty -PassThru }

            if ($InputObject.HasChildNodes) { Read-DependencyTree -InputObject $InputObject.FirstChild -Tier ($Tier + 1) -Parent $InputObject -EnumParents $EnumParents }
            if ($InputObject.NextSibling) { Read-DependencyTree -InputObject $InputObject.NextSibling -Tier $Tier -Parent $Parent -EnumParents $EnumParents }
        }

        function Get-DependencyTreeNodeDetail {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
                $SmoObject,

                $Server,

                $OriginalResource,

                [bool]
                $AllowSystemObjects
            )

            begin {
                $scripter = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Scripter
                $options = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions
                $options.DriAll = $true
                $options.AllowSystemObjects = $AllowSystemObjects
                $options.WithDependencies = $true
                $scripter.Options = $options
                $scripter.Server = $Server
            }

            process {
                foreach ($Item in $SmoObject) {
                    $richobject = $Server.GetSmoObject($Item.urn)
                    $parent = $Server.GetSmoObject($Item.Parent.Urn)

                    $NewObject = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Database.Dependency
                    $NewObject.ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    $NewObject.ServiceName = $server.ServiceName
                    $NewObject.SqlInstance = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    $NewObject.Dependent = $richobject.Name
                    $NewObject.Type = $Item.Urn.Type
                    $NewObject.Owner = $richobject.Owner
                    $NewObject.IsSchemaBound = $Item.IsSchemaBound
                    $NewObject.Parent = $parent.Name
                    $NewObject.ParentType = $parent.Urn.Type
                    $NewObject.Tier = $Item.Tier
                    $NewObject.Object = $richobject
                    $NewObject.Urn = $richobject.Urn
                    $NewObject.OriginalResource = $OriginalResource

                    $SQLscript = $scripter.EnumScriptWithList($richobject)

                    # I can't remember how to remove these options and their syntax is breaking stuff
                    $SQLscript = $SQLscript -replace "SET ANSI_NULLS ON", ""
                    $SQLscript = $SQLscript -replace "SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON", ""
                    $NewObject.Script = "$SQLscript `r`ngo"

                    $NewObject
                }
            }
        }

        function Select-DependencyPrecedence {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
                $Dependency
            )

            begin {
                $list = @()
            }
            process {
                foreach ($dep in $Dependency) {
                    # Killing the pipeline is generally a bad idea, but since we have to group and sort things, we have not really a choice
                    $list += $dep
                }
            }
            end {
                $list | Group-Object -Property Object | ForEach-Object { $_.Group | Sort-Object -Property Tier -Descending | Select-Object -First 1 } | Sort-Object Tier
            }
        }
        #endregion Utility functions
    }
    process {
        foreach ($Item in $InputObject) {
            Write-Message -EnableException $EnableException -Level Verbose -Message "Processing: $Item"
            if ($null -eq $Item.urn) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$Item is not a valid SMO object" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidData -Continue -Target $Item
            }

            # Find the server object to pass on to the function
            $parent = $Item.parent

            do { $parent = $parent.parent }
            until (($parent.urn.type -eq "Server") -or (-not $parent))

            if (-not $parent) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to find valid server object in input: $Item" -EnableException $EnableException -Category InvalidData -Continue -Target $Item
            }

            $server = $parent

            $tree = Get-DependencyTree -Object $Item -AllowSystemObjects $false -Server $server -FunctionName (Get-PSCallStack)[0].COmmand -EnableException $EnableException -EnumParents $Parents
            $limitCount = 2
            if ($IncludeSelf) { $limitCount = 1 }
            if ($tree.Count -lt $limitCount) {
                Write-Message -Message "No dependencies detected for $($Item)" -Level Host
                continue
            }

            if ($IncludeSelf) { $resolved = Read-DependencyTree -InputObject $tree.FirstChild -Tier 0 -Parent $tree.FirstChild -EnumParents $Parents }
            else { $resolved = Read-DependencyTree -InputObject $tree.FirstChild.FirstChild -Tier 1 -Parent $tree.FirstChild -EnumParents $Parents }
            $resolved | Get-DependencyTreeNodeDetail -Server $server -OriginalResource $Item -AllowSystemObjects $AllowSystemObjects | Select-DependencyPrecedence
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDeprecatedFeature {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays information relating to deprecated features for SQL Server 2005 and above.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Displays information relating to deprecated features for SQL Server 2005 and above.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternate Windows or SQL Login Authentication. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Deprecated
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDeprecatedFeature

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDeprecatedFeature -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Check deprecated features for all databases on the servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDeprecatedFeature -SqlInstance sql2008

        Check deprecated features on server sql2008.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
        ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
        SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance, object_name, instance_name as DeprecatedFeature, object_name as ObjectName, instance_name as deprecated_feature, cntr_value as UsageCount
        FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters WHERE object_name like '%Deprecated%'
        and cntr_value > 0 ORDER BY deprecated_feature"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $server.Query($sql) | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ObjectName, DeprecatedFeature, UsageCount
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDetachedDatabaseInfo {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get detailed information about detached SQL Server database files.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gathers the following information from detached database files: database name, SQL Server version (compatibility level), collation, and file structure.

        "Data files" and "Log file" report the structure of the data and log files as they were when the database was detached. "Database version" is the compatibility level.

        MDF files are most easily read by using a SQL Server to interpret them. Because of this, you must specify a SQL Server and the path must be relative to the SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Source SQL Server. This instance must be online and is required to parse the information contained with in the detached database file.

        This function will not attach the database file, it will only use SQL Server to read its contents.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the path to the MDF file to be read. This path must be readable by the SQL Server service account. Ideally, the MDF will be located on the SQL Server itself, or on a network share to which the SQL Server service account has access.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Detach
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDetachedDatabaseInfo

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDetachedDatabaseInfo -SqlInstance sql2016 -Path M:\Archive\mydb.mdf

        Returns information about the detached database file M:\Archive\mydb.mdf using the SQL Server instance sql2016. The M drive is relative to the SQL Server instance.

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("Mdf")]
        [string]$Path,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential
    )

    begin {
        function Get-MdfFileInfo {
            $datafiles = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
            $logfiles = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection

            $servername = $server.name
            $serviceaccount = $server.ServiceAccount

            $exists = Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $Path

            if ($exists -eq $false) {
                throw "$servername cannot access the file $path. Does the file exist and does the service account ($serviceaccount) have access to the path?"
            }

            try {
                $detachedDatabaseInfo = $server.DetachedDatabaseInfo($path)
                $dbname = ($detachedDatabaseInfo | Where-Object { $_.Property -eq "Database name" }).Value
                $exactdbversion = ($detachedDatabaseInfo | Where-Object { $_.Property -eq "Database version" }).Value
                $collationid = ($detachedDatabaseInfo | Where-Object { $_.Property -eq "Collation" }).Value
            } catch {
                throw "$servername cannot read the file $path. Is the database detached?"
            }

            switch ($exactdbversion) {
                852 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2016" }
                829 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2016 Prerelease" }
                782 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2014" }
                706 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2012" }
                684 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2012 CTP1" }
                661 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2008 R2" }
                660 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2008 R2" }
                655 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2008 SP2+" }
                612 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2005" }
                611 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2005" }
                539 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 2000" }
                515 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 7.0" }
                408 { $dbversion = "SQL Server 6.5" }
                default { $dbversion = "Unknown" }
            }

            $collationsql = "SELECT name FROM fn_helpcollations() where collationproperty(name, N'COLLATIONID')  = $collationid"

            try {
                $dataset = $server.databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($collationsql)
                $collation = "$($dataset.Tables[0].Rows[0].Item(0))"
            } catch {
                $collation = $collationid
            }

            if ($collation.length -eq 0) { $collation = $collationid }

            try {
                foreach ($file in $server.EnumDetachedDatabaseFiles($path)) {
                    $datafiles += $file
                }

                foreach ($file in $server.EnumDetachedLogFiles($path)) {
                    $logfiles += $file
                }
            } catch {
                throw "$servername unable to enumerate database or log structure information for $path"
            }

            $mdfinfo = [pscustomobject]@{
                Name         = $dbname
                Version      = $dbversion
                ExactVersion = $exactdbversion
                Collation    = $collation
                DataFiles    = $datafiles
                LogFiles     = $logfiles
            }

            return $mdfinfo
        }
    }

    process {

        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        $mdfinfo = Get-MdfFileInfo $server $path

    }

    end {
        $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
        return $mdfinfo
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaDiskSpace {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays disk information for all local disk on a server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns a custom object with server name, name of disk, label of disk, total size, free size, percent free, block size and filesystem.

        By default, this function only shows drives of types 2 and 3 (removable disk and local disk).

        Requires Windows administrator access on SQL Servers

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Unit
        This parameter has been deprecated and will be removed in 1.0.0
        All properties previously generated through this command are present at the same time, but hidden by default.

    .PARAMETER CheckForSql
        If this switch is enabled, disks will be checked for SQL Server data and log files. Windows Authentication is always used for this.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDrive
        Filter out drives - format is C:\

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release. Use Force Instead

    .PARAMETER CheckFragmentation
        If this switch is enabled, fragmentation of all filesystems will be checked.

        This will increase the runtime of the function by seconds or even minutes per volume.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Enabling this switch will cause the command to include ALL drives.
        By default, only local disks and removable disks are shown, and hidden volumes are excluded.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Storage, Disk
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net | Jakob Bindslet

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDiskSpace

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName srv0042

        Get disk space for the server srv0042.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName srv0042 -Unit MB

        Get disk space for the server srv0042 and displays in megabytes (MB).

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName srv0042, srv0007 -Unit TB

        Get disk space from two servers and displays in terabytes (TB).

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName srv0042 -Force

        Get all disk and volume space information.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDiskSpace -ComputerName srv0042 -ExcludeDrive 'C:\'

        Get all disk and volume space information.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('ServerInstance', 'SqlInstance', 'SqlServer')]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [ValidateSet('Bytes', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB', 'PB')]
        [string]$Unit = 'GB',
        [switch]$CheckForSql,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDrive,
        [Alias('Detailed', 'AllDrives')]
        [switch]$CheckFragmentation,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter AllDrives
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Unit

        $condition = " WHERE DriveType = 2 OR DriveType = 3"
        if (Test-Bound 'Force') {
            $condition = ""
        }

        # Keep track of what computer was already processed to avoid duplicates
        $processed = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList

        <# In order to support properly identifying if a disk/volume is involved with ANY instance on a given computer #>
        $sqlDisks = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            if ($computer.ComputerName -notin $processed) {
                $null = $processed.Add($computer.ComputerName)
            } else {
                continue
            }

            try {
                $disks = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Query "SELECT * FROM Win32_Volume$condition" -Credential $Credential -Namespace root\CIMv2 -ErrorAction Stop -WarningAction SilentlyContinue -EnableException
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to $computer." -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer.ComputerName -Continue
            }

            if ($CheckForSql) {
                try {
                    $sqlServices = Get-DbaService -ComputerName $computer -Type Engine
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to $computer to gather SQL Server instances, will not be reporting SQL Information." -ErrorRecord $_ -OverrideExceptionMessage -Target $computer.ComputerName
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Instances found on $($computer): $($sqlServices.InstanceName.Count)"
                if ($sqlServices.InstanceName.Count -gt 0) {
                    foreach ($sqlService in $sqlServices) {
                        if ($sqlService.InstanceName -eq "MSSQLSERVER") {
                            $instanceName = $sqlService.ComputerName
                        } else {
                            $instanceName = "$($sqlService.ComputerName)\$($sqlService.InstanceName)"
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing instance $($instanceName)"
                        try {
                            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instanceName -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                            if ($server.Version.Major -lt 9) {
                                $sql = "SELECT DISTINCT SUBSTRING(physical_name, 1, LEN(physical_name) - CHARINDEX('\', REVERSE(physical_name)) + 1) AS SqlDisk FROM sysaltfiles"
                            } else {
                                $sql = "SELECT DISTINCT SUBSTRING(physical_name, 1, LEN(physical_name) - CHARINDEX('\', REVERSE(physical_name)) + 1) AS SqlDisk FROM sys.master_files"
                            }
                            $results = $server.Query($sql)
                            if ($results.SqlDisk.Count -gt 0) {
                                foreach ($sqlDisk in $results.SqlDisk) {
                                    if (-not $sqlDisks.Contains($sqlDisk)) {
                                        $null = $sqlDisks.Add($sqlDisk)
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        } catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to $instanceName on $computer. SQL information may not be accurate or services have been stopped." -ErrorRecord $_ -OverrideExceptionMessage -Target $computer.ComputerName
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            foreach ($disk in $disks) {
                if ($disk.Name -in $ExcludeDrive) {
                    continue
                }
                if ($disk.Name.StartsWith('\\') -and (-not $Force)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping disk: $($disk.Name)" -Target $computer.ComputerName
                    continue
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing disk: $($disk.Name)" -Target $computer.ComputerName

                $info = New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Computer.DiskSpace
                $info.ComputerName = $computer.ComputerName
                $info.Name = $disk.Name
                $info.Label = $disk.Label
                $info.Capacity = $disk.Capacity
                $info.Free = $disk.Freespace
                $info.BlockSize = $disk.BlockSize
                $info.FileSystem = $disk.FileSystem
                $info.Type = $disk.DriveType

                if ($CheckForSql) {
                    $drivePath = $disk.Name
                    $info.IsSqlDisk = $false
                    foreach ($sqlDisk in $sqlDisks) {
                        if ($sqlDisk -like ($drivePath + '*')) {
                            $info.IsSqlDisk = $true
                            break
                        }
                    }
                }
                $info
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaDump {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Locate a SQL Server that has generated any memory dump files.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The type of dump included in the search include minidump, all-thread dump, or a full dump.  The files have an extendion of .mdmp.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Engine, Corruption
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaDump

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDump -SqlInstance sql2016

        Shows the detailed information for memory dump(s) located on sql2016 instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDump -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential sqladmin

        Shows the detailed information for memory dump(s) located on sql2016 instance. Logs into the SQL Server using the SQL login 'sqladmin'

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT filename,  creation_time,  size_in_bytes FROM sys.dm_server_memory_dumps"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 11 -and (-not ($server.versionMajor -eq 10 -and $server.versionMinor -eq 50))) {
                Stop-Function -Message "This function does not support versions lower than SQL Server 2008 R2 (v10.50). Skipping server '$instance'" -Continue
            }

            try {
                foreach ($result in $server.Query($sql)) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        FileName     = $result.filename
                        CreationTime = $result.creation_time
                        Size         = [dbasize]$result.size_in_bytes
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting data on $server" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaEndpoint {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns endpoint objects from a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns endpoint objects from a SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Endpoint
        Return only specific endpoints.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Return only specific types of endpoints. Options include: DatabaseMirroring, ServiceBroker, Soap, and TSql.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Endpoint
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaEndpoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all endpoints on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all endpoints for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Endpoint,
        [ValidateSet('DatabaseMirroring', 'ServiceBroker', 'Soap', 'TSql')]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Not sure why minimumversion isnt working
            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server version 9 required - $instance not supported." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $endpoints = $server.Endpoints

            if ($endpoint) {
                $endpoints = $endpoints | Where-Object Name -in $endpoint
            }
            if ($Type) {
                $endpoints = $endpoints | Where-Object EndpointType -in $Type
            }

            foreach ($end in $endpoints) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting endpoint $($end.Name) on $($server.Name)"
                if ($end.Protocol.Tcp.ListenerPort) {
                    if ($instance.ComputerName -match '\.') {
                        $dns = $instance.ComputerName
                    } else {
                        try {
                            $dns = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($instance.ComputerName).HostName
                        } catch {
                            try {
                                $dns = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($instance.ComputerName)
                            } catch {
                                $dns = $instance.ComputerName
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    $fqdn = "TCP://" + $dns + ":" + $end.Protocol.Tcp.ListenerPort
                } else {
                    $fqdn = $null
                }

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $end -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $end -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $end -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $end -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Fqdn -Value $fqdn
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $end -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Port -Value $end.Protocol.Tcp.ListenerPort
                if ($end.Protocol.Tcp.ListenerPort) {
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $end -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, Port, EndpointState, EndpointType, Owner, IsAdminEndpoint, Fqdn, IsSystemObject
                } else {
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $end -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, EndpointState, EndpointType, Owner, IsAdminEndpoint, Fqdn, IsSystemObject
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaErrorLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the "SQL Error Log" of an instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the "SQL Error Log" of an instance. Returns all 10 error logs by default.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        TThe target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.

    .PARAMETER LogNumber
        An Int32 value that specifies the index number of the error log required.
        Error logs are listed 0 through 99, where 0 is the current error log and 99 is potential oldest log file.

        SQL Server errorlog rollover defaults to 6, but can be increased to 99. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/configure-windows/scm-services-configure-sql-server-error-logs

    .PARAMETER Source
        Filter results based on the Source of the error (e.g. Logon, Server, etc.)

    .PARAMETER Text
        Filter results based on a pattern of text (e.g. "login failed", "error: 12345").

    .PARAMETER After
        Filter the results based on datetime value.

    .PARAMETER Before
        Filter the results based on datetime value.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Instance, ErrorLog
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaErrorLog

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaErrorLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint

        Returns every log entry from sql01\sharepoint SQL Server instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaErrorLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -LogNumber 3, 6

        Returns all log entries for log number 3 and 6 on sql01\sharepoint SQL Server instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaErrorLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -Source Logon

        Returns every log entry, with a source of Logon, from sql01\sharepoint SQL Server instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaErrorLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -LogNumber 3 -Text "login failed"

        Returns every log entry for log number 3, with "login failed" in the text, from sql01\sharepoint SQL Server instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sql2014","sql2016", "sqlcluster\sharepoint"
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaErrorLog -LogNumber 0

        Returns the most recent SQL Server error logs for "sql2014","sql2016" and "sqlcluster\sharepoint"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaErrorLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -After '2016-11-14 00:00:00'

        Returns every log entry found after the date 14 November 2016 from sql101\sharepoint SQL Server instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaErrorLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint -Before '2016-08-16 00:00:00'

        Returns every log entry found before the date 16 August 2016 from sql101\sharepoint SQL Server instance.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateRange(0, 99)]
        [int[]]$LogNumber,
        [object[]]$Source,
        [string]$Text,
        [datetime]$After,
        [datetime]$Before,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaLog
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($LogNumber) {
                foreach ($number in $lognumber) {
                    foreach ($object in $server.ReadErrorLog($number)) {
                        if ( ($Source -and $object.ProcessInfo -ne $Source) -or ($Text -and $object.Text -notlike "*$Text*") -or ($After -and $object.LogDate -lt $After) -or ($Before -and $object.LogDate -gt $Before) ) {
                            continue
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $object"
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                        # Select all of the columns you'd like to show
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, LogDate, 'ProcessInfo as Source', Text
                    }
                }
            } else {
                foreach ($object in $server.ReadErrorLog()) {
                    if ( ($Source -and $object.ProcessInfo -ne $Source) -or ($Text -and $object.Text -notlike "*$Text*") -or ($After -and $object.LogDate -lt $After) -or ($Before -and $object.LogDate -gt $Before) ) {
                        continue
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $object"
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                    # Select all of the columns you'd like to show
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, LogDate, 'ProcessInfo as Source', Text
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaErrorLogConfig {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Pulls the configuration for the ErrorLog on a given SQL Server instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Pulls the configuration for the ErrorLog on a given SQL Server instance.

        Includes error log path, number of log files configured and size (SQL Server 2012+ only)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Instance, ErrorLog
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton), https://wsmelton.github.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaErrorLogConfig

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaErrorLogConfig -SqlInstance server2017,server2014

        Returns error log configuration for server2017 and server2014

    #>
    [cmdletbinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $numLogs = $server.NumberOfLogFiles
            $logSize =
            if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 11) {
                [dbasize]($server.ErrorLogSizeKb * 1024)
            } else {
                $null
            }

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                LogCount     = $numLogs
                LogSize      = $logSize
                LogPath      = $server.ErrorLogPath
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaEstimatedCompletionTime {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets execution and estimated completion time information for queries

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets execution and estimated completion time information for queries

        Percent complete will show for the following commands

        ALTER INDEX REORGANIZE
        AUTO_SHRINK option with ALTER DATABASE
        BACKUP DATABASE
        DBCC CHECKDB
        DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP
        DBCC CHECKTABLE
        DBCC INDEXDEFRAG
        DBCC SHRINKDATABASE
        DBCC SHRINKFILE
        RECOVERY
        RESTORE DATABASE
        ROLLBACK
        TDE ENCRYPTION

        For additional information, check out https://blogs.sentryone.com/loriedwards/patience-dm-exec-requests/ and https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-exec-requests-transact-sql

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaEstimatedCompletionTime

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaEstimatedCompletionTime -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets estimated completion times for queries performed against the entire server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaEstimatedCompletionTime -SqlInstance sql2016 | Select *

        Gets estimated completion times for queries performed against the entire server PLUS the SQL query text of each command

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaEstimatedCompletionTime -SqlInstance sql2016 | Where-Object { $_.Text -match 'somequerytext' }

        Gets results for commands whose queries only match specific text (match is like LIKE but way more powerful)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaEstimatedCompletionTime -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database Northwind,pubs,Adventureworks2014

        Gets estimated completion times for queries performed against the Northwind, pubs, and Adventureworks2014 databases

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT
                DB_NAME(r.database_id) as [Database],
                USER_NAME(r.user_id) as [Login],
                Command,
                start_time as StartTime,
                percent_complete as PercentComplete,

                  RIGHT('00000' + CAST(((DATEDIFF(s,start_time,GetDate()))/3600) as varchar),
                                CASE
                                    WHEN LEN(((DATEDIFF(s,start_time,GetDate()))/3600)) < 2 THEN 2
                                    ELSE LEN(((DATEDIFF(s,start_time,GetDate()))/3600))
                                 END)  + ':'
                + RIGHT('00' + CAST((DATEDIFF(s,start_time,GetDate())%3600)/60 as varchar), 2) + ':'
                + RIGHT('00' + CAST((DATEDIFF(s,start_time,GetDate())%60) as varchar), 2) as RunningTime,

                  RIGHT('00000' + CAST((estimated_completion_time/3600000) as varchar),
                        CASE
                                    WHEN LEN((estimated_completion_time/3600000)) < 2 THEN 2
                                    ELSE LEN((estimated_completion_time/3600000))
                         END)  + ':'
                + RIGHT('00' + CAST((estimated_completion_time %3600000)/60000 as varchar), 2) + ':'
                + RIGHT('00' + CAST((estimated_completion_time %60000)/1000 as varchar), 2) as EstimatedTimeToGo,
                dateadd(second,estimated_completion_time/1000, getdate()) as EstimatedCompletionTime,
                s.Text
             FROM sys.dm_exec_requests r
            CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) s"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $includedatabases = $Database -join "','"
                $sql = "$sql WHERE DB_NAME(r.database_id) in ('$includedatabases')"
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $excludedatabases = $ExcludeDatabase -join "','"
                $sql = "$sql WHERE DB_NAME(r.database_id) not in ('$excludedatabases')"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
            foreach ($row in ($server.Query($sql))) {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName            = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName            = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance             = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database                = $row.Database
                    Login                   = $row.Login
                    Command                 = $row.Command
                    PercentComplete         = $row.PercentComplete
                    StartTime               = $row.StartTime
                    RunningTime             = $row.RunningTime
                    EstimatedTimeToGo       = $row.EstimatedTimeToGo
                    EstimatedCompletionTime = $row.EstimatedCompletionTime
                    Text                    = $row.Text
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Text
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaExecutionPlan {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets execution plans and metadata

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets execution plans and metadata. Can pipe to Export-DbaExecutionPlan

        Thanks to following for the queries:
        https://www.simple-talk.com/sql/t-sql-programming/dmvs-for-query-plan-metadata/
        http://www.scarydba.com/2017/02/13/export-plans-cache-sqlplan-file/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user

    .PARAMETER Database
        Return execution plans and metadata for only specific databases.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Return execution plans and metadata for all but these specific databases

    .PARAMETER SinceCreation
        Datetime object used to narrow the results to a date

    .PARAMETER SinceLastExecution
        Datetime object used to narrow the results to a date

    .PARAMETER ExcludeEmptyQueryPlan
        Exclude results with empty query plan

    .PARAMETER Force
        Returns a ton of raw information about the execution plans

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaExecutionPlan

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Gets all execution plans on  sqlserver2014a

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2 -SinceLastExecution '2016-07-01 10:47:00'

        Gets all execution plans for databases db1 and db2 on sqlserver2014a since July 1, 2016 at 10:47 AM.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 -Exclude db1 | Format-Table

        Gets execution plan info for all databases except db1 on sqlserver2014a and sql2016 and makes the output pretty

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaExecutionPlan -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014, pubs -Force

        Gets super detailed information for execution plans on only for AdventureWorks2014 and pubs

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sqlserver2014a","sql2016t"
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaExecutionPlan -Force

        Gets super detailed information for execution plans on sqlserver2014a and sql2016

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [datetime]$SinceCreation,
        [datetime]$SinceLastExecution,
        [switch]$ExcludeEmptyQueryPlan,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                if ($force -eq $true) {
                    $select = "SELECT * "
                } else {
                    $select = "SELECT DB_NAME(deqp.dbid) as DatabaseName, OBJECT_NAME(deqp.objectid) as ObjectName,
                    detqp.query_plan AS SingleStatementPlan,
                    deqp.query_plan AS BatchQueryPlan,
                    ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY Statement_Start_offset ) AS QueryPosition,
                    sql_handle as SqlHandle,
                    plan_handle as PlanHandle,
                    creation_time as CreationTime,
                    last_execution_time as LastExecutionTime"
                }

                $from = " FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats deqs
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_text_query_plan(deqs.plan_handle,
                            deqs.statement_start_offset,
                            deqs.statement_end_offset) AS detqp
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(deqs.plan_handle) AS deqp
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(deqs.plan_handle) AS execText"

                if ($ExcludeDatabase -or $Database -or $SinceCreation -or $SinceLastExecution -or $ExcludeEmptyQueryPlan -eq $true) {
                    $where = " WHERE "
                }

                $wherearray = @()

                if ($Database) {
                    $dblist = $Database -join "','"
                    $wherearray += " DB_NAME(deqp.dbid) in ('$dblist') "
                }

                if ($null -ne $SinceCreation) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding creation time"
                    $wherearray += " creation_time >= '" + $SinceCreation.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") + "' "
                }

                if ($null -ne $SinceLastExecution) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding last exectuion time"
                    $wherearray += " last_execution_time >= '" + $SinceLastExecution.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") + "' "
                }

                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dblist = $ExcludeDatabase -join "','"
                    $wherearray += " DB_NAME(deqp.dbid) not in ('$dblist') "
                }

                if ($ExcludeEmptyQueryPlan) {
                    $wherearray += " detqp.query_plan is not null"
                }

                if ($where.length -gt 0) {
                    $wherearray = $wherearray -join " and "
                    $where = "$where $wherearray"
                }

                $sql = "$select $from $where"
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

                if ($Force -eq $true) {
                    $server.Query($sql)
                } else {
                    foreach ($row in $server.Query($sql)) {
                        $simple = ([xml]$row.SingleStatementPlan).ShowPlanXML.BatchSequence.Batch.Statements.StmtSimple
                        $sqlhandle = "0x"; $row.sqlhandle | ForEach-Object { $sqlhandle += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
                        $planhandle = "0x"; $row.planhandle | ForEach-Object { $planhandle += ("{0:X}" -f $_).PadLeft(2, "0") }
                        $planWarnings = $simple.QueryPlan.Warnings.PlanAffectingConvert;

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName                      = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName                      = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance                       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            DatabaseName                      = $row.DatabaseName
                            ObjectName                        = $row.ObjectName
                            QueryPosition                     = $row.QueryPosition
                            SqlHandle                         = $SqlHandle
                            PlanHandle                        = $PlanHandle
                            CreationTime                      = $row.CreationTime
                            LastExecutionTime                 = $row.LastExecutionTime
                            StatementCondition                = ([xml]$row.SingleStatementPlan).ShowPlanXML.BatchSequence.Batch.Statements.StmtCond
                            StatementSimple                   = $simple
                            StatementId                       = $simple.StatementId
                            StatementCompId                   = $simple.StatementCompId
                            StatementType                     = $simple.StatementType
                            RetrievedFromCache                = $simple.RetrievedFromCache
                            StatementSubTreeCost              = $simple.StatementSubTreeCost
                            StatementEstRows                  = $simple.StatementEstRows
                            SecurityPolicyApplied             = $simple.SecurityPolicyApplied
                            StatementOptmLevel                = $simple.StatementOptmLevel
                            QueryHash                         = $simple.QueryHash
                            QueryPlanHash                     = $simple.QueryPlanHash
                            StatementOptmEarlyAbortReason     = $simple.StatementOptmEarlyAbortReason
                            CardinalityEstimationModelVersion = $simple.CardinalityEstimationModelVersion

                            ParameterizedText                 = $simple.ParameterizedText
                            StatementSetOptions               = $simple.StatementSetOptions
                            QueryPlan                         = $simple.QueryPlan
                            BatchConditionXml                 = ([xml]$row.BatchQueryPlan).ShowPlanXML.BatchSequence.Batch.Statements.StmtCond
                            BatchSimpleXml                    = ([xml]$row.BatchQueryPlan).ShowPlanXML.BatchSequence.Batch.Statements.StmtSimple
                            BatchQueryPlanRaw                 = [xml]$row.BatchQueryPlan
                            SingleStatementPlanRaw            = [xml]$row.SingleStatementPlan
                            PlanWarnings                      = $planWarnings
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty BatchQueryPlan, SingleStatementPlan, BatchConditionXmlRaw, BatchQueryPlanRaw, SingleStatementPlanRaw, PlanWarnings
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Query Failure Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaFeature {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Runs the SQL Server feature discovery report (setup.exe /Action=RunDiscovery)

    .DESCRIPTION
        Runs the SQL Server feature discovery report (setup.exe /Action=RunDiscovery)

        Inspired by Dave Mason's (@BeginTry) post at
        https://itsalljustelectrons.blogspot.be/2018/04/SQL-Server-Discovery-Report.html

        Assumptions:
        1. The sub-folder "Microsoft SQL Server" exists in $env:ProgramFiles,
        even if SQL was installed to a non-default path. This has been
        verified on SQL 2008R2 and SQL 2012. Further verification may be needed.
        2. The discovery report displays installed components for the version of SQL
        Server associated with setup.exe, along with installed components of all
        lesser versions of SQL Server that are installed.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. If the target is not localhost, it must have PowerShell remoting enabled.

        Note that this is not the SqlInstance, but rather the ComputerName

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:

        $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Feature, Component
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaFeature

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaFeature -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016, sql2005

        Gets all SQL Server features for all instances on sql2017, sql2016 and sql2005.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaFeature -Verbose

        Gets all SQL Server features for all instances on localhost. Outputs to screen if no instances are found.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaFeature -ComputerName sql2017 -Credential ad\sqldba

        Gets all SQL Server features for all instances on sql2017 using the ad\sqladmin credential (which has access to the Windows Server).

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $scriptblock = {
            $setup = Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Include setup.exe -Path "$env:ProgramFiles\Microsoft SQL Server" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue |
                Where-Object { $_.FullName -match 'Setup Bootstrap\\SQL' -or $_.FullName -match 'Bootstrap\\Release\\Setup.exe' -or $_.FullName -match 'Bootstrap\\Setup.exe' } |
                Sort-Object FullName -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
            if ($setup) {
                $null = Start-Process -FilePath $setup.FullName -ArgumentList "/Action=RunDiscovery /q" -Wait
                $parent = Split-Path (Split-Path $setup.Fullname)
                $xmlfile = Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Include SqlDiscoveryReport.xml -Path $parent | Sort-Object LastWriteTime -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

                if ($xmlfile) {
                    $xml = [xml](Get-Content -Path $xmlfile)
                    $xml.ArrayOfDiscoveryInformation.DiscoveryInformation
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            try {
                $results = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $Computer -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -Credential $Credential -Raw

                if (-not $results) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No features found on $computer"
                }

                foreach ($result in $results) {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $computer
                        Product      = $result.Product
                        Instance     = $result.Instance
                        InstanceID   = $result.InstanceID
                        Feature      = $result.Feature
                        Language     = $result.Language
                        Edition      = $result.Edition
                        Version      = $result.Version
                        Clustered    = $result.Clustered
                        Configured   = $result.Configured
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Message "Failure"
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaSqlFeature
    }
}
function Get-DbaFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get-DbaFile finds files in any directory specified on a remote SQL Server

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command searches all specified directories, allowing a DBA to see file information on a server without direct access

        You can filter by extension using the -FileType parameter. By default, the default data directory will be returned. You can provide and additional paths to search using the -Path parameter.

        Thanks to serg-52 for the query:  https://www.sqlservercentral.com/Forums/Topic1642213-391-1.aspx

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Path
        Used to specify extra directories to search in addition to the default data directory.

    .PARAMETER FileType
        Used to specify filter by filetype. No dot required, just pass the extension.

    .PARAMETER Depth
        Used to specify recursive folder depth.  Default is 1, non-recursive.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Discovery
        Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaFile

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Path E:\Dir1

        Logs into the SQL Server "sqlserver2014a" using Windows credentials and searches E:\Dir for all files

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred -Path 'E:\sql files'

        Logs into the SQL Server "sqlserver2014a" using alternative credentials and returns all files in 'E:\sql files'

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $all = Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance sql2014
        PS C:\> Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance sql2014 -Path $all.Data, $all.Log, $all.Backup -Depth 3

        Returns the files in the default data, log and backup directories on sql2014, 3 directories deep (recursively).

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance sql2014 -Path 'E:\Dir1', 'E:\Dir2'

        Returns the files in "E:\Dir1" and "E:Dir2" on sql2014

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance sql2014, sql2016 -Path 'E:\Dir1' -FileType fsf, mld

        Finds files in E:\Dir1 ending with ".fsf" and ".mld" for both the servers sql2014 and sql2016.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Path,
        [string[]]$FileType,
        [int]$Depth = 1,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $sql = ""

        function Get-SQLDirTreeQuery {
            param
            (
                $PathList
            )

            $q1 += "DECLARE @myPath nvarchar(4000);
                    DECLARE @depth SMALLINT = $Depth;

                    IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#DirectoryTree') IS NOT NULL
                    DROP TABLE #DirectoryTree;

                    CREATE TABLE #DirectoryTree (
                       id int IDENTITY(1,1)
                       ,subdirectory nvarchar(512)
                       ,depth int
                       ,isfile bit
                       , ParentDirectory int
                       ,flag tinyint default(0));"

            $q2 = "SET @myPath = 'dirname'
                    -- top level directory
                    INSERT #DirectoryTree (subdirectory,depth,isfile)
                       VALUES (@myPath,0,0);
                    -- all the rest under top level
                    INSERT #DirectoryTree (subdirectory,depth,isfile)
                       EXEC master.sys.xp_dirtree @myPath,@depth,1;


                    UPDATE #DirectoryTree
                       SET ParentDirectory = (
                          SELECT MAX(Id) FROM #DirectoryTree
                          WHERE Depth = d.Depth - 1 AND Id < d.Id   )
                    FROM #DirectoryTree d
                    WHERE ParentDirectory is NULL;"

            $query_files_sql = "-- SEE all with full paths
                    WITH dirs AS (
                        SELECT
                           Id,subdirectory,depth,isfile,ParentDirectory,flag
                           , CAST (null AS NVARCHAR(MAX)) AS container
                           , CAST([subdirectory] AS NVARCHAR(MAX)) AS dpath
                           FROM #DirectoryTree
                           WHERE ParentDirectory IS NULL
                        UNION ALL
                        SELECT
                           d.Id,d.subdirectory,d.depth,d.isfile,d.ParentDirectory,d.flag
                           , dpath as container
                           , dpath +'\'+d.[subdirectory]
                        FROM #DirectoryTree AS d
                        INNER JOIN dirs ON  d.ParentDirectory = dirs.id
                        WHERE dpath NOT LIKE '%RECYCLE.BIN%'
                    )
                    SELECT subdirectory as filename, container as filepath, isfile, dpath as fullpath FROM dirs
                    WHERE container IS NOT NULL
                    -- Dir style ordering
                    ORDER BY container, isfile, subdirectory"

            # build the query string based on how many directories they want to enumerate
            $sql = $q1
            $sql += $($PathList | Where-Object { $_ -ne '' } | ForEach-Object { "$([System.Environment]::Newline)$($q2 -Replace 'dirname', $_)" })
            $sql += $query_files_sql
            #Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
            return $sql
        }

        function Format-Path {
            param ($path)
            $path = $path.Trim()
            #Thank you windows 2000
            $path = $path -replace '[^A-Za-z0-9 _\.\-\\:]', '__'
            return $path
        }

        if ($FileType) {
            $FileTypeComparison = $FileType | ForEach-Object { $_.ToLower() } | Where-Object { $_ } | Sort-Object | Get-Unique
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
            #$paths = @()
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Get the default data and log directories from the instance
            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Path)) { $Path = (Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $server).Data }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding paths"
            $sql = Get-SQLDirTreeQuery $Path
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

            # This should remain as not .Query() to be compat with a PSProvider Chrissy is working on
            $datatable = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($datatable.Rows.Count) files found."
            if ($FileTypeComparison) {
                foreach ($row in $datatable) {
                    foreach ($type in $FileTypeComparison) {
                        if ($row.filename.ToLower().EndsWith(".$type")) {
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Filename       = $row.fullpath
                                RemoteFilename = Join-AdminUnc -Servername $server.ComputerName -Filepath $row.fullpath
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ComputerName, InstanceName, RemoteFilename
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                foreach ($row in $datatable) {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Filename       = $row.fullpath
                        RemoteFilename = Join-AdminUnc -Servername $server.ComputerName -Filepath $row.fullpath
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ComputerName, InstanceName, RemoteFilename
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaFilestream {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns the status of Filestream on specified SQL Server for both the Service and Instance levels.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns the status of Filestream on specified SQL Server for both the Service and Instance levels.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Login to the target Windows server using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Filestream
        Author: Stuart Moore ( @napalmgram ) | Chrissy LeMaire ( @cl )
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaFilestream

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaFilestream -SqlInstance server1\instance2

        Will return the status of Filestream configuration for the service and instance server1\instance2

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaFilestream -SqlInstance server1\instance2 -SqlCredential sqladmin

        Prompts for the password to the SQL Login "sqladmin" then returns the status of Filestream configuration for the service and instance server1\instance2
       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $idServiceFS = [ordered]@{
            0 = 'Disabled'
            1 = 'FileStream enabled for T-Sql access'
            2 = 'FileStream enabled for T-Sql and IO streaming access'
            3 = 'FileStream enabled for T-Sql, IO streaming, and remote clients'
        }

        $idInstanceFS = [ordered]@{
            0 = 'Disabled'
            1 = 'T-SQL access enabled'
            2 = 'Full access enabled'
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $computer = $instance.ComputerName
            $instanceName = $instance.InstanceName

            <# Get Service-Level information #>
            if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                $computerName = $computer
            } else {
                $computerName = (Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential).FullComputerName
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $computer"
            try {
                $ognamespace = Get-DbaCmObject -EnableException -ComputerName $computerName -Namespace root\Microsoft\SQLServer -Query "SELECT NAME FROM __NAMESPACE WHERE NAME LIKE 'ComputerManagement%'"
                $namespace = $ognamespace | Where-Object {
                    (Get-DbaCmObject -EnableException -ComputerName $computerName -Namespace $("root\Microsoft\SQLServer\" + $_.Name) -ClassName FilestreamSettings).Count -gt 0
                } |
                    Sort-Object Name -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

                if (-not $namespace) {
                    $namespace = $ognamespace
                }

                if ($namespace.Name) {
                    $serviceFS = Get-DbaCmObject -EnableException -ComputerName $computerName -Namespace $("root\Microsoft\SQLServer\" + $namespace.Name) -ClassName FilestreamSettings | Where-Object InstanceName -eq $instanceName | Select-Object -First 1
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No ComputerManagement was found on $computer. Service level information may not be collected." -Target $computer
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting service-level information on $computer for $instanceName" -Target $computer -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            <# Get Instance-Level information #>
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance."
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $instanceFS = Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $server -Name FilestreamAccessLevel | Select-Object ConfiguredValue, RunningValue
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collection instance-level configuration on $instanceName" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception -Continue
            }

            $pendingRestart = $instanceFS.ConfiguredValue -ne $instanceFS.RunningValue

            if (($serviceFS.AccessLevel -ne 0) -and ($instanceFS.RunningValue -ne 0)) {
                if (($serviceFS.AccessLevel -eq $instanceFS.RunningValue) -and $pendingRestart) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "A restart of the instance is pending before Filestream is configured."
                }
            }

            $runvalue = (Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $server -Name FilestreamAccessLevel | Select-Object RunningValue).RunningValue
            $servicelevel = [int]$serviceFS.AccessLevel

            [PsCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName        = $server.NetName
                InstanceName        = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance         = $server.DomainInstanceName
                InstanceAccess      = $idInstanceFS[$runvalue]
                ServiceAccess       = $idServiceFS[$servicelevel]
                ServiceShareName    = $serviceFS.ShareName
                InstanceAccessLevel = $instanceFS.RunningValue
                ServiceAccessLevel  = $serviceFS.AccessLevel
                Credential          = $Credential
                SqlCredential       = $SqlCredential
            } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, InstanceAccess, ServiceAccess, ServiceShareName
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaForceNetworkEncryption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets Force Encryption settings for a SQL Server instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets Force Encryption settings for a SQL Server instance. Note that this requires access to the Windows Server - not the SQL instance itself.

        This setting is found in Configuration Manager.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
       The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the computer (not sql instance) using alternative Windows credentials

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaForceNetworkEncryption

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaForceNetworkEncryption

        Gets Force Encryption properties on the default (MSSQLSERVER) instance on localhost - requires (and checks for) RunAs admin.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaForceNetworkEncryption -SqlInstance sql01\SQL2008R2SP2

        Gets Force Network Encryption for the SQL2008R2SP2 on sql01. Uses Windows Credentials to both login and view the registry.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $instance" -Target $instance
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance -Continue

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving hostname"
            $resolved = $null
            $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance

            if ($null -eq $resolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't resolve $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -Category InvalidArgument
            }

            try {
                $sqlwmi = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $resolved.FullComputerName -ScriptBlock {
                    $wmi.Services
                } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($($instance.InstanceName))"
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to access $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
            $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
            try {
                $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(
            } catch {
                # Probably because the instance name has been aliased or does not exist or something
                # here to avoid an empty catch
                $null = 1
            }
            $serviceaccount = $sqlwmi.ServiceAccount

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object {
                    $_ -match 'REGROOT'
                }
                $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object {
                    $_ -match 'VSNAME'
                }

                if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $instance" -Continue -Category ObjectNotFound -Target $instance
                }
            }

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) {
                $vsname = $instance
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Regroot: $regroot" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "ServiceAcct: $serviceaccount" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "InstanceName: $instancename" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "VSNAME: $vsname" -Target $instance

            $scriptblock = {
                $regpath = "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$($args[0])\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib"
                $cert = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate).Certificate
                $forceencryption = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name ForceEncryption).ForceEncryption

                # [pscustomobject] doesn't always work, unsure why. so return hashtable then turn it into  pscustomobject on client
                @{
                    ComputerName          = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    InstanceName          = $args[2]
                    SqlInstance           = $args[1]
                    ForceEncryption       = ($forceencryption -eq $true)
                    CertificateThumbprint = $cert
                }
            }

            try {
                $results = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $resolved.FullComputerName -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $regroot, $vsname, $instancename -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop -Raw
                foreach ($result in $results) {
                    [pscustomobject]$result
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to $($resolved.FullComputerName) using PowerShell remoting!" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaHelpIndex {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns size, row and configuration information for indexes in databases.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function will return detailed information on indexes (and optionally statistics) for all indexes in a database, or a given index should one be passed along.
        As this uses SQL Server DMVs to access the data it will only work in 2005 and up (sorry folks still running SQL Server 2000).
        For performance reasons certain statistics information will not be returned from SQL Server 2005 if an ObjectName is not provided.

        The data includes:
        - ObjectName: the table containing the index
        - IndexType: clustered/non-clustered/columnstore and whether the index is unique/primary key
        - KeyColumns: the key columns of the index
        - IncludeColumns: any include columns in the index
        - FilterDefinition: any filter that may have been used in the index
        - DataCompression: row/page/none depending upon whether or not compression has been used
        - IndexReads: the number of reads of the index since last restart or index rebuild
        - IndexUpdates: the number of writes to the index since last restart or index rebuild
        - SizeKB: the size the index in KB
        - IndexRows: the number of the rows in the index (note filtered indexes will have fewer rows than exist in the table)
        - IndexLookups: the number of lookups that have been performed (only applicable for the heap or clustered index)
        - MostRecentlyUsed: when the index was most recently queried (default to 1900 for when never read)
        - StatsSampleRows: the number of rows queried when the statistics were built/rebuilt (not included in SQL Server 2005 unless ObjectName is specified)
        - StatsRowMods: the number of changes to the statistics since the last rebuild
        - HistogramSteps: the number of steps in the statistics histogram (not included in SQL Server 2005 unless ObjectName is specified)
        - StatsLastUpdated: when the statistics were last rebuilt (not included in SQL Server 2005 unless ObjectName is specified)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER ObjectName
        The name of a table for which you want to obtain the index information. If the two part naming convention for an object is not used it will use the default schema for the executing user. If not passed it will return data on all indexes in a given database.

    .PARAMETER IncludeStats
        If this switch is enabled, statistics as well as indexes will be returned in the output (statistics information such as the StatsRowMods will always be returned for indexes).

    .PARAMETER IncludeDataTypes
        If this switch is enabled, the output will include the data type of each column that makes up a part of the index definition (key and include columns).

    .PARAMETER IncludeFragmentation
        If this switch is enabled, the output will include fragmentation information.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER Raw
        If this switch is enabled, results may be less user-readable but more suitable for processing by other code.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Index
        Author: Nic Cain, https://sirsql.net/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaHelpIndex

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB

        Returns information on all indexes on the MyDB database on the localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB,MyDB2

        Returns information on all indexes on the MyDB & MyDB2 databases.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB -ObjectName dbo.Table1

        Returns index information on the object dbo.Table1 in the database MyDB.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB -ObjectName dbo.Table1 -IncludeStats

        Returns information on the indexes and statistics for the table dbo.Table1 in the MyDB database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB -ObjectName dbo.Table1 -IncludeDataTypes

        Returns the index information for the table dbo.Table1 in the MyDB database, and includes the data types for the key and include columns.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB -ObjectName dbo.Table1 -Raw

        Returns the index information for the table dbo.Table1 in the MyDB database, and returns the numerical data without localized separators.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB -IncludeStats -Raw

        Returns the index information for all indexes in the MyDB database as well as their statistics, and formats the numerical data without localized separators.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaHelpIndex -SqlInstance localhost -Database MyDB -IncludeFragmentation

        Returns the index information for all indexes in the MyDB database as well as their fragmentation

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database MyDB | Get-DbaHelpIndex

        Returns the index information for all indexes in the MyDB database

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [string]$ObjectName,
        [switch]$IncludeStats,
        [switch]$IncludeDataTypes,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch]$IncludeFragmentation,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        #Add the table predicate to the query
        if (!$ObjectName) {
            $TablePredicate = "DECLARE @TableName NVARCHAR(256);";
        } else {
            $TablePredicate = "DECLARE @TableName NVARCHAR(256); SET @TableName = '$ObjectName';";
        }

        #Add Fragmentation info if requested
        $FragSelectColumn = ", NULL as avg_fragmentation_in_percent"
        $FragJoin = ''
        $OutputProperties = 'Database,Object,Index,IndexType,KeyColumns,IncludeColumns,FilterDefinition,DataCompression,IndexReads,IndexUpdates,SizeKB,IndexRows,IndexLookups,MostRecentlyUsed,StatsSampleRows,StatsRowMods,HistogramSteps,StatsLastUpdated'
        if ($IncludeFragmentation) {
            $FragSelectColumn = ', pstat.avg_fragmentation_in_percent'
            $FragJoin = "LEFT JOIN sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL , 'DETAILED') pstat
             ON pstat.database_id = ustat.database_id
             AND pstat.object_id = ustat.object_id
             AND pstat.index_id = ustat.index_id"
            $OutputProperties = 'Database,Object,Index,IndexType,KeyColumns,IncludeColumns,FilterDefinition,DataCompression,IndexReads,IndexUpdates,SizeKB,IndexRows,IndexLookups,MostRecentlyUsed,StatsSampleRows,StatsRowMods,HistogramSteps,StatsLastUpdated,IndexFragInPercent'
        }
        $OutputProperties = $OutputProperties.Split(',')
        #Figure out if we are including stats in the results
        if ($IncludeStats) {
            $IncludeStatsPredicate = "";
        } else {
            $IncludeStatsPredicate = "WHERE StatisticsName IS NULL";
        }

        #Data types being returns with the results?
        if ($IncludeDataTypes) {
            $IncludeDataTypesPredicate = 'DECLARE @IncludeDataTypes BIT; SET @IncludeDataTypes = 1';
        } else {
            $IncludeDataTypesPredicate = 'DECLARE @IncludeDataTypes BIT; SET @IncludeDataTypes = 0';
        }

        #region SizesQuery
        $SizesQuery = "
            SET NOCOUNT ON;
            SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;

            $TablePredicate
            $IncludeDataTypesPredicate
            ;

        DECLARE @IndexUsageStats TABLE
            (
            object_id INT ,
            index_id INT ,
            user_scans BIGINT ,
            user_seeks BIGINT ,
            user_updates BIGINT ,
            user_lookups BIGINT ,
            last_user_lookup DATETIME2(0) ,
            last_user_scan DATETIME2(0) ,
            last_user_seek DATETIME2(0) ,
            avg_fragmentation_in_percent FLOAT
            );

        DECLARE @StatsInfo TABLE
            (
            object_id INT ,
            stats_id INT ,
            stats_column_name NVARCHAR(128) ,
            stats_column_id INT ,
            stats_name NVARCHAR(128) ,
            stats_last_updated DATETIME2(0) ,
            stats_sampled_rows BIGINT ,
            rowmods BIGINT ,
            histogramsteps INT ,
            StatsRows BIGINT ,
            FullObjectName NVARCHAR(256)
            );

        INSERT  INTO @IndexUsageStats
                ( object_id ,
                index_id ,
                user_scans ,
                user_seeks ,
                user_updates ,
                user_lookups ,
                last_user_lookup ,
                last_user_scan ,
                last_user_seek ,
                avg_fragmentation_in_percent
                )
                SELECT  ustat.object_id ,
                        ustat.index_id ,
                        ustat.user_scans ,
                        ustat.user_seeks ,
                        ustat.user_updates ,
                        ustat.user_lookups ,
                        ustat.last_user_lookup ,
                        ustat.last_user_scan ,
                        ustat.last_user_seek
                        $FragSelectColumn
                FROM    sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats ustat
                $FragJoin
                WHERE   ustat.database_id = DB_ID();

        INSERT  INTO @StatsInfo
                ( object_id ,
                stats_id ,
                stats_column_name ,
                stats_column_id ,
                stats_name ,
                stats_last_updated ,
                stats_sampled_rows ,
                rowmods ,
                histogramsteps ,
                StatsRows ,
                FullObjectName
                )
                SELECT  s.object_id ,
                        s.stats_id ,
                        c.name ,
                        sc.stats_column_id ,
                        s.name ,
                        sp.last_updated ,
                        sp.rows_sampled ,
                        sp.modification_counter ,
                        sp.steps ,
                        sp.rows ,
                        QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t.name) AS FullObjectName
                FROM    [sys].[stats] AS [s]
                        INNER JOIN sys.stats_columns sc ON s.stats_id = sc.stats_id
                                                        AND s.object_id = sc.object_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON c.object_id = sc.object_id
                                                    AND c.column_id = sc.column_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.tables t ON c.object_id = t.object_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch ON sch.schema_id = t.schema_id
                        OUTER APPLY sys.dm_db_stats_properties([s].[object_id],
                                                            [s].[stats_id]) AS [sp]
                WHERE   s.object_id = CASE WHEN @TableName IS NULL THEN s.object_id
                                        else OBJECT_ID(@TableName)
                                    END;


        ;
        WITH    cteStatsInfo
                AS ( SELECT   object_id ,
                                si.stats_id ,
                                si.stats_name ,
                                STUFF((SELECT   N', ' + stats_column_name
                                    FROM     @StatsInfo si2
                                    WHERE    si2.object_id = si.object_id
                                                AND si2.stats_id = si.stats_id
                                    ORDER BY si2.stats_column_id
                                FOR   XML PATH(N'') ,
                                        TYPE).value(N'.[1]', N'nvarchar(1000)'), 1,
                                    2, N'') AS StatsColumns ,
                                MAX(si.stats_sampled_rows) AS SampleRows ,
                                MAX(si.rowmods) AS RowMods ,
                                MAX(si.histogramsteps) AS HistogramSteps ,
                                MAX(si.stats_last_updated) AS StatsLastUpdated ,
                                MAX(si.StatsRows) AS StatsRows,
                                FullObjectName
                    FROM     @StatsInfo si
                    GROUP BY si.object_id ,
                                si.stats_id ,
                                si.stats_name ,
                                si.FullObjectName
                    ),
                cteIndexSizes
                AS ( SELECT   object_id ,
                                index_id ,
                                CASE WHEN index_id < 2
                                    THEN ( ( SUM(in_row_data_page_count
                                                + lob_used_page_count
                                                + row_overflow_used_page_count)
                                            * 8192 ) / 1024 )
                                    else ( ( SUM(used_page_count) * 8192 ) / 1024 )
                                END AS SizeKB
                    FROM     sys.dm_db_partition_stats
                    GROUP BY object_id ,
                                index_id
                    ),
                cteRows
                AS ( SELECT   object_id ,
                                index_id ,
                                SUM(rows) AS IndexRows
                    FROM     sys.partitions
                    GROUP BY object_id ,
                                index_id
                    ),
                cteIndex
                AS ( SELECT   OBJECT_NAME(c.object_id) AS ObjectName ,
                                c.object_id ,
                                c.index_id ,
                                i.name COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS AS name ,
                                c.index_column_id ,
                                c.column_id ,
                                c.is_included_column ,
                                CASE WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 0
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 1
                                    THEN sc.name + ' DESC'
                                    WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 0
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 0 THEN sc.name
                                    WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 1
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 1
                                        AND c.is_included_column = 0
                                    THEN sc.name + ' DESC (' + t.name + ') '
                                    WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 1
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 0
                                        AND c.is_included_column = 0
                                    THEN sc.name + ' (' + t.name + ')'
                                    else sc.name
                                END AS ColumnName ,
                                i.filter_definition ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_scans, 0) AS user_scans ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_seeks, 0) AS user_seeks ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_updates, 0) AS user_updates ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_lookups, 0) AS user_lookups ,
                                CONVERT(DATETIME2(0), ISNULL(dd.last_user_lookup,
                                                            '1901-01-01')) AS LastLookup ,
                                CONVERT(DATETIME2(0), ISNULL(dd.last_user_scan,
                                                            '1901-01-01')) AS LastScan ,
                                CONVERT(DATETIME2(0), ISNULL(dd.last_user_seek,
                                                            '1901-01-01')) AS LastSeek ,
                                i.fill_factor ,
                                c.is_descending_key ,
                                p.data_compression_desc ,
                                i.type_desc ,
                                i.is_unique ,
                                i.is_unique_constraint ,
                                i.is_primary_key ,
                                ci.SizeKB ,
                                cr.IndexRows ,
                                QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(tbl.name) AS FullObjectName ,
                                ISNULL(dd.avg_fragmentation_in_percent, 0) as avg_fragmentation_in_percent
                    FROM     sys.indexes i
                                JOIN sys.index_columns c ON i.object_id = c.object_id
                                                            AND i.index_id = c.index_id
                                JOIN sys.columns sc ON c.object_id = sc.object_id
                                                    AND c.column_id = sc.column_id
                                INNER JOIN sys.tables tbl ON c.object_id = tbl.object_id
                                INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch ON sch.schema_id = tbl.schema_id
                                LEFT JOIN sys.types t ON sc.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
                                LEFT JOIN @IndexUsageStats dd ON i.object_id = dd.object_id
                                                                AND i.index_id = dd.index_id --and dd.database_id = db_id()
                                JOIN sys.partitions p ON i.object_id = p.object_id
                                                        AND i.index_id = p.index_id
                                JOIN cteIndexSizes ci ON i.object_id = ci.object_id
                                                        AND i.index_id = ci.index_id
                                JOIN cteRows cr ON i.object_id = cr.object_id
                                                AND i.index_id = cr.index_id
                    WHERE    i.object_id = CASE WHEN @TableName IS NULL
                                                THEN i.object_id
                                                else OBJECT_ID(@TableName)
                                            END
                    ),
                cteResults
                AS ( SELECT   ci.FullObjectName ,
                                ci.object_id ,
                                MAX(index_id) AS Index_Id ,
                                ci.type_desc
                                + CASE WHEN ci.is_primary_key = 1
                                    THEN ' (PRIMARY KEY)'
                                    WHEN ci.is_unique_constraint = 1
                                    THEN ' (UNIQUE CONSTRAINT)'
                                    WHEN ci.is_unique = 1 THEN ' (UNIQUE)'
                                    else ''
                                END AS IndexType ,
                                name AS IndexName ,
                                STUFF((SELECT   N', ' + ColumnName
                                    FROM     cteIndex ci2
                                    WHERE    ci2.name = ci.name
                                                AND ci2.is_included_column = 0
                                    GROUP BY ci2.index_column_id ,
                                                ci2.ColumnName
                                    ORDER BY ci2.index_column_id
                                FOR   XML PATH(N'') ,
                                        TYPE).value(N'.[1]', N'nvarchar(1000)'), 1,
                                    2, N'') AS KeyColumns ,
                                ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT    N',  ' + ColumnName
                                            FROM      cteIndex ci3
                                            WHERE     ci3.name = ci.name
                                                        AND ci3.is_included_column = 1
                                            GROUP BY  ci3.index_column_id ,
                                                        ci3.ColumnName
                                            ORDER BY  ci3.index_column_id
                                    FOR   XML PATH(N'') ,
                                                TYPE).value(N'.[1]',
                                                            N'nvarchar(1000)'), 1, 2,
                                            N''), '') AS IncludeColumns ,
                                ISNULL(filter_definition, '') AS FilterDefinition ,
                                ci.fill_factor ,
                                CASE WHEN ci.data_compression_desc = 'NONE' THEN ''
                                    else ci.data_compression_desc
                                END AS DataCompression ,
                                MAX(ci.user_seeks) + MAX(ci.user_scans)
                                + MAX(ci.user_lookups) AS IndexReads ,
                                MAX(ci.user_lookups) AS IndexLookups ,
                                ci.user_updates AS IndexUpdates ,
                                ci.SizeKB AS SizeKB ,
                                ci.IndexRows AS IndexRows ,
                                CASE WHEN LastScan > LastSeek
                                        AND LastScan > LastLookup THEN LastScan
                                    WHEN LastSeek > LastScan
                                        AND LastSeek > LastLookup THEN LastSeek
                                    WHEN LastLookup > LastScan
                                        AND LastLookup > LastSeek THEN LastLookup
                                    else ''
                                END AS MostRecentlyUsed ,
                                AVG(ci.avg_fragmentation_in_percent) as avg_fragmentation_in_percent
                    FROM     cteIndex ci
                    GROUP BY ci.ObjectName ,
                                ci.name ,
                                ci.filter_definition ,
                                ci.object_id ,
                                ci.LastLookup ,
                                ci.LastSeek ,
                                ci.LastScan ,
                                ci.user_updates ,
                                ci.fill_factor ,
                                ci.data_compression_desc ,
                                ci.type_desc ,
                                ci.is_primary_key ,
                                ci.is_unique ,
                                ci.is_unique_constraint ,
                                ci.SizeKB ,
                                ci.IndexRows ,
                                ci.FullObjectName
                    ),
                AllResults
                AS ( SELECT   c.FullObjectName ,
                                IndexType ,
                                ISNULL(IndexName, si.stats_name) AS IndexName ,
                                NULL as StatisticsName ,
                                ISNULL(KeyColumns, si.StatsColumns) AS KeyColumns ,
                                ISNULL(IncludeColumns, '') AS IncludeColumns ,
                                FilterDefinition ,
                                fill_factor AS [FillFactor] ,
                                DataCompression ,
                                IndexReads ,
                                IndexUpdates ,
                                SizeKB ,
                                IndexRows ,
                                IndexLookups ,
                                MostRecentlyUsed ,
                                SampleRows AS StatsSampleRows ,
                                RowMods AS StatsRowMods ,
                                si.HistogramSteps ,
                                si.StatsLastUpdated ,
                                avg_fragmentation_in_percent AS IndexFragInPercent,
                                1 AS Ordering
                    FROM     cteResults c
                                INNER JOIN cteStatsInfo si ON si.object_id = c.object_id
                                                            AND si.stats_id = c.Index_Id
                    UNION
                    SELECT   QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(tbl.name) AS FullObjectName ,
                                '' ,
                                '' ,
                                stats_name ,
                                StatsColumns ,
                                '' ,
                                '' AS FilterDefinition ,
                                '' AS Fill_Factor ,
                                '' AS DataCompression ,
                                '' AS IndexReads ,
                                '' AS IndexUpdates ,
                                '' AS SizeKB ,
                                StatsRows AS IndexRows ,
                                '' AS IndexLookups ,
                                '' AS MostRecentlyUsed ,
                                SampleRows AS StatsSampleRows ,
                                RowMods AS StatsRowMods ,
                                csi.HistogramSteps ,
                                csi.StatsLastUpdated ,
                                '' AS IndexFragInPercent ,
                                2
                    FROM     cteStatsInfo csi
                    INNER JOIN sys.tables tbl ON csi.object_id = tbl.object_id
                                INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch ON sch.schema_id = tbl.schema_id
                    WHERE    stats_id NOT IN (
                                SELECT  stats_id
                                FROM    cteResults c
                                        INNER JOIN cteStatsInfo si ON si.object_id = c.object_id
                                                                    AND si.stats_id = c.Index_Id )
                    )
            SELECT  FullObjectName ,
                    IndexType ,
                    IndexName ,
                    StatisticsName ,
                    KeyColumns ,
                    ISNULL(IncludeColumns, '') AS IncludeColumns ,
                    FilterDefinition ,
                    [FillFactor] AS [FillFactor] ,
                    DataCompression ,
                    IndexReads ,
                    IndexUpdates ,
                    SizeKB ,
                    IndexRows ,
                    IndexLookups ,
                    MostRecentlyUsed ,
                    StatsSampleRows ,
                    StatsRowMods ,
                    HistogramSteps ,
                    StatsLastUpdated ,
                    IndexFragInPercent
            FROM    AllResults
                    $IncludeStatsPredicate
        OPTION  ( RECOMPILE );
        "
        #endRegion SizesQuery


        #region sizesQuery2005
        $SizesQuery2005 = "
        SET NOCOUNT ON;
        SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;

        $TablePredicate
        $IncludeDataTypesPredicate
        ;

        DECLARE @AllResults TABLE
            (
                RowNum INT ,
                FullObjectName	NVARCHAR(300) ,
                IndexType	NVARCHAR(256) ,
                IndexName	NVARCHAR(256) ,
                KeyColumns	NVARCHAR(2000) ,
                IncludeColumns	NVARCHAR(2000) ,
                FilterDefinition	NVARCHAR(100) ,
                [FillFactor]	TINYINT ,
                DataCompression	CHAR(4) ,
                IndexReads	BIGINT ,
                IndexUpdates	BIGINT ,
                SizeKB	BIGINT ,
                IndexRows	BIGINT ,
                IndexLookups	BIGINT ,
                MostRecentlyUsed	DATETIME ,
                StatsSampleRows	BIGINT ,
                StatsRowMods	BIGINT ,
                HistogramSteps	INT	,
                StatsLastUpdated	DATETIME ,
                object_id BIGINT ,
                index_id BIGINT
            );

        DECLARE @IndexUsageStats TABLE
            (
            object_id INT ,
            index_id INT ,
            user_scans BIGINT ,
            user_seeks BIGINT ,
            user_updates BIGINT ,
            user_lookups BIGINT ,
            last_user_lookup DATETIME ,
            last_user_scan DATETIME ,
            last_user_seek DATETIME ,
            avg_fragmentation_in_percent FLOAT
            );

        DECLARE @StatsInfo TABLE
            (
            object_id INT ,
            stats_id INT ,
            stats_column_name NVARCHAR(128) ,
            stats_column_id INT ,
            stats_name NVARCHAR(128) ,
            stats_last_updated DATETIME ,
            stats_sampled_rows BIGINT ,
            rowmods BIGINT ,
            histogramsteps INT ,
            StatsRows BIGINT ,
            FullObjectName NVARCHAR(256)
            );

        INSERT  INTO @IndexUsageStats
                ( object_id ,
                index_id ,
                user_scans ,
                user_seeks ,
                user_updates ,
                user_lookups ,
                last_user_lookup ,
                last_user_scan ,
                last_user_seek ,
                avg_fragmentation_in_percent
                )
                SELECT  ustat.object_id ,
                        ustat.index_id ,
                        ustat.user_scans ,
                        ustat.user_seeks ,
                        ustat.user_updates ,
                        ustat.user_lookups ,
                        ustat.last_user_lookup ,
                        ustat.last_user_scan ,
                        ustat.last_user_seek
                        $FragSelectColumn
                FROM    sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats ustat
                $FragJoin
                WHERE   database_id = DB_ID();


        INSERT  INTO @StatsInfo
                ( object_id ,
                stats_id ,
                stats_column_name ,
                stats_column_id ,
                stats_name ,
                stats_last_updated ,
                stats_sampled_rows ,
                rowmods ,
                histogramsteps ,
                StatsRows ,
                FullObjectName
                )
                SELECT  s.object_id ,
                        s.stats_id ,
                        c.name ,
                        sc.stats_column_id ,
                        s.name ,
                        NULL AS last_updated ,
                        NULL AS rows_sampled ,
                        NULL AS modification_counter ,
                        NULL AS steps ,
                        NULL AS rows ,
                        QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t.name) AS FullObjectName
                FROM    [sys].[stats] AS [s]
                        INNER JOIN sys.stats_columns sc ON s.stats_id = sc.stats_id
                                                        AND s.object_id = sc.object_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON c.object_id = sc.object_id
                                                    AND c.column_id = sc.column_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.tables t ON c.object_id = t.object_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch ON sch.schema_id = t.schema_id
                    --   OUTER APPLY sys.dm_db_stats_properties([s].[object_id],
                    --                                        [s].[stats_id]) AS [sp]
                WHERE   s.object_id = CASE WHEN @TableName IS NULL THEN s.object_id
                                        else OBJECT_ID(@TableName)
                                    END;


        ;
        WITH    cteStatsInfo
                AS ( SELECT   object_id ,
                                si.stats_id ,
                                si.stats_name ,
                                STUFF((SELECT   N', ' + stats_column_name
                                    FROM     @StatsInfo si2
                                    WHERE    si2.object_id = si.object_id
                                                AND si2.stats_id = si.stats_id
                                    ORDER BY si2.stats_column_id
                                FOR   XML PATH(N'') ,
                                        TYPE).value(N'.[1]', N'nvarchar(1000)'), 1,
                                    2, N'') AS StatsColumns ,
                                MAX(si.stats_sampled_rows) AS SampleRows ,
                                MAX(si.rowmods) AS RowMods ,
                                MAX(si.histogramsteps) AS HistogramSteps ,
                                MAX(si.stats_last_updated) AS StatsLastUpdated ,
                                MAX(si.StatsRows) AS StatsRows,
                                FullObjectName
                    FROM     @StatsInfo si
                    GROUP BY si.object_id ,
                                si.stats_id ,
                                si.stats_name ,
                                si.FullObjectName
                    ),
                cteIndexSizes
                AS ( SELECT   object_id ,
                                index_id ,
                                CASE WHEN index_id < 2
                                    THEN ( ( SUM(in_row_data_page_count
                                                + lob_used_page_count
                                                + row_overflow_used_page_count)
                                            * 8192 ) / 1024 )
                                    else ( ( SUM(used_page_count) * 8192 ) / 1024 )
                                END AS SizeKB
                    FROM     sys.dm_db_partition_stats
                    GROUP BY object_id ,
                                index_id
                    ),
                cteRows
                AS ( SELECT   object_id ,
                                index_id ,
                                SUM(rows) AS IndexRows
                    FROM     sys.partitions
                    GROUP BY object_id ,
                                index_id
                    ),
                cteIndex
                AS ( SELECT   OBJECT_NAME(c.object_id) AS ObjectName ,
                                c.object_id ,
                                c.index_id ,
                                i.name COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS AS name ,
                                c.index_column_id ,
                                c.column_id ,
                                c.is_included_column ,
                                CASE WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 0
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 1
                                    THEN sc.name + ' DESC'
                                    WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 0
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 0 THEN sc.name
                                    WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 1
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 1
                                        AND c.is_included_column = 0
                                    THEN sc.name + ' DESC (' + t.name + ') '
                                    WHEN @IncludeDataTypes = 1
                                        AND c.is_descending_key = 0
                                        AND c.is_included_column = 0
                                    THEN sc.name + ' (' + t.name + ')'
                                    else sc.name
                                END AS ColumnName ,
                                '' AS filter_definition ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_scans, 0) AS user_scans ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_seeks, 0) AS user_seeks ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_updates, 0) AS user_updates ,
                                ISNULL(dd.user_lookups, 0) AS user_lookups ,
                                CONVERT(DATETIME, ISNULL(dd.last_user_lookup,
                                                            '1901-01-01')) AS LastLookup ,
                                CONVERT(DATETIME, ISNULL(dd.last_user_scan,
                                                            '1901-01-01')) AS LastScan ,
                                CONVERT(DATETIME, ISNULL(dd.last_user_seek,
                                                            '1901-01-01')) AS LastSeek ,
                                i.fill_factor ,
                                c.is_descending_key ,
                                'NONE' as data_compression_desc ,
                                i.type_desc ,
                                i.is_unique ,
                                i.is_unique_constraint ,
                                i.is_primary_key ,
                                ci.SizeKB ,
                                cr.IndexRows ,
                                QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(tbl.name) AS FullObjectName ,
                                ISNULL(dd.avg_fragmentation_in_percent, 0) as avg_fragmentation_in_percent
                    FROM     sys.indexes i
                                JOIN sys.index_columns c ON i.object_id = c.object_id
                                                            AND i.index_id = c.index_id
                                JOIN sys.columns sc ON c.object_id = sc.object_id
                                                    AND c.column_id = sc.column_id
                                INNER JOIN sys.tables tbl ON c.object_id = tbl.object_id
                                INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch ON sch.schema_id = tbl.schema_id
                                LEFT JOIN sys.types t ON sc.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
                                LEFT JOIN @IndexUsageStats dd ON i.object_id = dd.object_id
                                                                AND i.index_id = dd.index_id --and dd.database_id = db_id()
                                JOIN sys.partitions p ON i.object_id = p.object_id
                                                        AND i.index_id = p.index_id
                                JOIN cteIndexSizes ci ON i.object_id = ci.object_id
                                                        AND i.index_id = ci.index_id
                                JOIN cteRows cr ON i.object_id = cr.object_id
                                                AND i.index_id = cr.index_id
                    WHERE    i.object_id = CASE WHEN @TableName IS NULL
                                                THEN i.object_id
                                                else OBJECT_ID(@TableName)
                                            END
                    ),
                cteResults
                AS ( SELECT   ci.FullObjectName ,
                                ci.object_id ,
                                MAX(index_id) AS Index_Id ,
                                ci.type_desc
                                + CASE WHEN ci.is_primary_key = 1
                                    THEN ' (PRIMARY KEY)'
                                    WHEN ci.is_unique_constraint = 1
                                    THEN ' (UNIQUE CONSTRAINT)'
                                    WHEN ci.is_unique = 1 THEN ' (UNIQUE)'
                                    else ''
                                END AS IndexType ,
                                name AS IndexName ,
                                STUFF((SELECT   N', ' + ColumnName
                                    FROM     cteIndex ci2
                                    WHERE    ci2.name = ci.name
                                                AND ci2.is_included_column = 0
                                    GROUP BY ci2.index_column_id ,
                                                ci2.ColumnName
                                    ORDER BY ci2.index_column_id
                                FOR   XML PATH(N'') ,
                                        TYPE).value(N'.[1]', N'nvarchar(1000)'), 1,
                                    2, N'') AS KeyColumns ,
                                ISNULL(STUFF((SELECT    N',  ' + ColumnName
                                            FROM      cteIndex ci3
                                            WHERE     ci3.name = ci.name
                                                        AND ci3.is_included_column = 1
                                            GROUP BY  ci3.index_column_id ,
                                                        ci3.ColumnName
                                            ORDER BY  ci3.index_column_id
                                    FOR   XML PATH(N'') ,
                                                TYPE).value(N'.[1]',
                                                            N'nvarchar(1000)'), 1, 2,
                                            N''), '') AS IncludeColumns ,
                                ISNULL(filter_definition, '') AS FilterDefinition ,
                                ci.fill_factor ,
                                CASE WHEN ci.data_compression_desc = 'NONE' THEN ''
                                    else ci.data_compression_desc
                                END AS DataCompression ,
                                MAX(ci.user_seeks) + MAX(ci.user_scans)
                                + MAX(ci.user_lookups) AS IndexReads ,
                                MAX(ci.user_lookups) AS IndexLookups ,
                                ci.user_updates AS IndexUpdates ,
                                ci.SizeKB AS SizeKB ,
                                ci.IndexRows AS IndexRows ,
                                CASE WHEN LastScan > LastSeek
                                        AND LastScan > LastLookup THEN LastScan
                                    WHEN LastSeek > LastScan
                                        AND LastSeek > LastLookup THEN LastSeek
                                    WHEN LastLookup > LastScan
                                        AND LastLookup > LastSeek THEN LastLookup
                                    else ''
                                END AS MostRecentlyUsed ,
                                AVG(ci.avg_fragmentation_in_percent) as avg_fragmentation_in_percent
                    FROM     cteIndex ci
                    GROUP BY ci.ObjectName ,
                                ci.name ,
                                ci.filter_definition ,
                                ci.object_id ,
                                ci.LastLookup ,
                                ci.LastSeek ,
                                ci.LastScan ,
                                ci.user_updates ,
                                ci.fill_factor ,
                                ci.data_compression_desc ,
                                ci.type_desc ,
                                ci.is_primary_key ,
                                ci.is_unique ,
                                ci.is_unique_constraint ,
                                ci.SizeKB ,
                                ci.IndexRows ,
                                ci.FullObjectName
                    ), AllResults AS
                        (		 SELECT   c.FullObjectName ,
                                ISNULL(IndexType, 'STATISTICS') AS IndexType ,
                                ISNULL(IndexName, '') AS IndexName ,
                                ISNULL(KeyColumns, '') AS KeyColumns ,
                                ISNULL(IncludeColumns, '') AS IncludeColumns ,
                                FilterDefinition ,
                                fill_factor AS [FillFactor] ,
                                DataCompression ,
                                IndexReads ,
                                IndexUpdates ,
                                SizeKB ,
                                IndexRows ,
                                IndexLookups ,
                                MostRecentlyUsed ,
                                NULL AS StatsSampleRows ,
                                NULL AS StatsRowMods ,
                                NULL AS HistogramSteps ,
                                NULL AS StatsLastUpdated ,
                                avg_fragmentation_in_percent as IndexFragInPercent,
                                1 AS Ordering ,
                                c.object_id ,
                                c.Index_Id
                    FROM     cteResults c
                                INNER JOIN cteStatsInfo si ON si.object_id = c.object_id
                                                            AND si.stats_id = c.Index_Id
                        UNION
                    SELECT   QUOTENAME(sch.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(tbl.name) AS FullObjectName ,
                                'STATISTICS' ,
                                stats_name ,
                                StatsColumns ,
                                '' ,
                                '' AS FilterDefinition ,
                                '' AS Fill_Factor ,
                                '' AS DataCompression ,
                                '' AS IndexReads ,
                                '' AS IndexUpdates ,
                                '' AS SizeKB ,
                                StatsRows AS IndexRows ,
                                '' AS IndexLookups ,
                                '' AS MostRecentlyUsed ,
                                SampleRows AS StatsSampleRows ,
                                RowMods AS StatsRowMods ,
                                csi.HistogramSteps ,
                                csi.StatsLastUpdated ,
                                '' as IndexFragInPercent,
                                2 ,
                                csi.object_id ,
                                csi.stats_id
                    FROM     cteStatsInfo csi
                    INNER JOIN sys.tables tbl ON csi.object_id = tbl.object_id
                                INNER JOIN sys.schemas sch ON sch.schema_id = tbl.schema_id
                                LEFT JOIN (SELECT si.object_id, si.stats_id
                                            FROM    cteResults c
                                            INNER JOIN cteStatsInfo si ON si.object_id = c.object_id
                                                                    AND si.stats_id = c.Index_Id ) AS x on csi.object_id = x.object_id and csi.stats_id = x.stats_id
                        WHERE x.object_id is null
                    )
            INSERT INTO @AllResults
            SELECT  row_number() OVER (ORDER BY FullObjectName) AS RowNum ,
                    FullObjectName ,
                    ISNULL(IndexType, 'STATISTICS') AS IndexType ,
                    IndexName ,
                    KeyColumns ,
                    ISNULL(IncludeColumns, '') AS IncludeColumns ,
                    FilterDefinition ,
                    [FillFactor] AS [FillFactor] ,
                    DataCompression ,
                    IndexReads ,
                    IndexUpdates ,
                    SizeKB ,
                    IndexRows ,
                    IndexLookups ,
                    MostRecentlyUsed ,
                    StatsSampleRows ,
                    StatsRowMods ,
                    HistogramSteps ,
                    StatsLastUpdated ,
                    IndexFragInPercent ,
                    object_id ,
                    index_id
            FROM    AllResults
                    $IncludeStatsPredicate
        OPTION  ( RECOMPILE );

        /* Only update the stats data on 2005 for a single table, otherwise the run time for this is a potential problem for large table/index volumes */
        if @TableName IS NOT NULL
        BEGIN

            DECLARE @StatsInfo2005 TABLE (Name nvarchar(128), Updated DATETIME, Rows BIGINT, RowsSampled BIGINT, Steps INT, Density INT, AverageKeyLength INT, StringIndex NVARCHAR(20))

            DECLARE @SqlCall NVARCHAR(2000), @RowNum INT;
            SELECT @RowNum = min(RowNum) FROM @AllResults;
            WHILE @RowNum IS NOT NULL
            BEGIN
                SELECT @SqlCall = 'dbcc show_statistics('+FullObjectName+', '+IndexName+') with stat_header' FROM @AllResults WHERE RowNum = @RowNum;
                INSERT INTO @StatsInfo2005 exec (@SqlCall);
                UPDATE @AllResults
                    SET StatsSampleRows = RowsSampled,
                    HistogramSteps = Steps,
                    StatsLastUpdated = Updated
                    FROM @StatsInfo2005
                    WHERE RowNum = @RowNum;
                DELETE FROM @StatsInfo2005
                SELECT @RowNum = min(RowNum) FROM @AllResults WHERE RowNum > @RowNum;
            END;

        END;

        UPDATE a
        SET a.StatsRowMods = i.rowmodctr
        FROM @AllResults a
            JOIN sys.sysindexes i ON a.object_id = i.id AND a.index_id = i.indid;

        SELECT	FullObjectName ,
                IndexType ,
                IndexName ,
                KeyColumns ,
                IncludeColumns ,
                FilterDefinition ,
                [FillFactor] ,
                DataCompression ,
                IndexReads ,
                IndexUpdates ,
                SizeKB ,
                IndexRows ,
                IndexLookups ,
                MostRecentlyUsed ,
                StatsSampleRows ,
                StatsRowMods ,
                HistogramSteps ,
                StatsLastUpdated ,
                IndexFragInPercent
        FROM @AllResults;"

        #endregion sizesQuery2005
    }
    process {
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $SizesQuery
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $SizesQuery2005

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            $server = $db.Parent

            #Need to check the version of SQL
            if ($server.versionMajor -ge 10) {
                $indexesQuery = $SizesQuery
            } else {
                $indexesQuery = $SizesQuery2005
            }

            if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$db is not accessible. Skipping." -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "$indexesQuery"
            try {
                $IndexDetails = $db.Query($indexesQuery)

                if (!$Raw) {
                    foreach ($detail in $IndexDetails) {
                        $recentlyused = [datetime]$detail.MostRecentlyUsed

                        if ($recentlyused.year -eq 1900) {
                            $recentlyused = $null
                        }

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName       = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database           = $db.Name
                            Object             = $detail.FullObjectName
                            Index              = $detail.IndexName
                            IndexType          = $detail.IndexType
                            Statistics         = $detail.StatisticsName
                            KeyColumns         = $detail.KeyColumns
                            IncludeColumns     = $detail.IncludeColumns
                            FilterDefinition   = $detail.FilterDefinition
                            DataCompression    = $detail.DataCompression
                            IndexReads         = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.IndexReads
                            IndexUpdates       = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.IndexUpdates
                            Size               = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.SizeKB
                            IndexRows          = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.IndexRows
                            IndexLookups       = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.IndexLookups
                            MostRecentlyUsed   = $recentlyused
                            StatsSampleRows    = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.StatsSampleRows
                            StatsRowMods       = "{0:N0}" -f $detail.StatsRowMods
                            HistogramSteps     = $detail.HistogramSteps
                            StatsLastUpdated   = $detail.StatsLastUpdated
                            IndexFragInPercent = "{0:F2}" -f $detail.IndexFragInPercent
                        }
                    }
                }

                else {
                    foreach ($detail in $IndexDetails) {
                        $recentlyused = [datetime]$detail.MostRecentlyUsed

                        if ($recentlyused.year -eq 1900) {
                            $recentlyused = $null
                        }

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName       = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database           = $db.Name
                            Object             = $detail.FullObjectName
                            Index              = $detail.IndexName
                            IndexType          = $detail.IndexType
                            Statistics         = $detail.StatisticsName
                            KeyColumns         = $detail.KeyColumns
                            IncludeColumns     = $detail.IncludeColumns
                            FilterDefinition   = $detail.FilterDefinition
                            DataCompression    = $detail.DataCompression
                            IndexReads         = $detail.IndexReads
                            IndexUpdates       = $detail.IndexUpdates
                            Size               = [dbasize]($detail.SizeKB * 1024)
                            IndexRows          = $detail.IndexRows
                            IndexLookups       = $detail.IndexLookups
                            MostRecentlyUsed   = $recentlyused
                            StatsSampleRows    = $detail.StatsSampleRows
                            StatsRowMods       = $detail.StatsRowMods
                            HistogramSteps     = $detail.HistogramSteps
                            StatsLastUpdated   = $detail.StatsLastUpdated
                            IndexFragInPercent = $detail.IndexFragInPercent
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Message "Cannot process $db on $server"
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaInstanceProperty {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Server instance properties of one or more instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaInstanceProperty command gets SQL Server instance properties from the SMO object sqlserver.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER InstanceProperty
        SQL Server instance property(ies) to include.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeInstanceProperty
        SQL Server instance property(ies) to exclude.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Instance, Configure, Configuration
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@powerdbaklaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaInstanceProperty

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaInstanceProperty -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns SQL Server instance properties on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaInstanceProperty -SqlInstance sql2, sql4\sqlexpress

        Returns SQL Server instance properties on default instance on sql2 and sqlexpress instance on sql4

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql2','sql4' | Get-DbaInstanceProperty

        Returns SQL Server instance properties on sql2 and sql4

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaInstanceProperty -SqlInstance sql2,sql4 -InstanceProperty DefaultFile

        Returns SQL Server instance property DefaultFile on instance sql2 and sql4

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaInstanceProperty -SqlInstance sql2,sql4 -ExcludeInstanceProperty DefaultFile

        Returns all SQL Server instance properties except DefaultFile on instance sql2 and sql4

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Get-DbaInstanceProperty -SqlInstance sql2 -SqlCredential $cred

        Connects using sqladmin credential and returns SQL Server instance properties from sql2

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$InstanceProperty,
        [object[]]$ExcludeInstanceProperty,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $infoProperties = $server.Information.Properties

                if ($InstanceProperty) {
                    $infoProperties = $infoProperties | Where-Object Name -In $InstanceProperty
                }
                if ($ExcludeInstanceProperty) {
                    $infoProperties = $infoProperties | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeInstanceProperty
                }
                foreach ($prop in $infoProperties) {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PropertyType -Value 'Information'
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $prop -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Value, PropertyType
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue gathering information properties for $instance." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            try {
                $userProperties = $server.UserOptions.Properties

                if ($InstanceProperty) {
                    $userProperties = $userProperties | Where-Object Name -In $InstanceProperty
                }
                if ($ExcludeInstanceProperty) {
                    $userProperties = $userProperties | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeInstanceProperty
                }
                foreach ($prop in $userProperties) {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PropertyType -Value 'UserOption'
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $prop -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Value, PropertyType
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue gathering user options for $instance." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            try {
                $settingProperties = $server.Settings.Properties

                if ($InstanceProperty) {
                    $settingProperties = $settingProperties | Where-Object Name -In $InstanceProperty
                }
                if ($ExcludeInstanceProperty) {
                    $settingProperties = $settingProperties | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeInstanceProperty
                }
                foreach ($prop in $settingProperties) {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PropertyType -Value 'Setting'
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $prop -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Value, PropertyType
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue gathering settings for $instance." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaSqlInstanceProperty
    }
}
function Get-DbaInstanceUserOption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Instance user options of one or more instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaInstanceUserOption command gets SQL Instance user options from the SMO object sqlserver.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.
        This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Instance, Configure, UserOption
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@powerdbaklaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaInstanceUserOption

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaInstanceUserOption -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns SQL Instance user options on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaInstanceUserOption -SqlInstance sql2, sql4\sqlexpress

        Returns SQL Instance user options on default instance on sql2 and sqlexpress instance on sql4

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql2','sql4' | Get-DbaInstanceUserOption

        Returns SQL Instance user options on sql2 and sql4

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $props = $server.useroptions.properties
            foreach ($prop in $props) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $prop -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $prop -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Value
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaSqlInstanceUserOption
    }
}
function Get-DbaIoLatency {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays IO subsystem latency statistics from sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats.  Works on SQL Server 2005 and above.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command is based off of Paul Randal's post "Advanced SQL Server performance tuning"

        Returns both raw and aggregate information

        Reference:  https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/how-to-examine-io-subsystem-latencies-from-within-sql-server/
                    https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/capturing-io-latencies-period-time/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: IOLatency
        Author: Patrick Flynn (@sqllensman)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaIoLatency

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaIoLatency -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Get IO subsystem latency statistics for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $output = Get-DbaIoLatency -SqlInstance sql2008 | Select * | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable

        Collects all IO subsystem latency statistics on server sql2008 into a Data Table.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql2008','sqlserver2012' | Get-DbaIoLatency

        Get IO subsystem latency statistics for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012 via pipline

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Get-DbaIoLatency -SqlInstance sql2008 -SqlCredential $cred

        Connects using sqladmin credential and returns IO subsystem latency statistics from sql2008
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {
        $sql = "SELECT
            [vfs].[database_id],
            DB_NAME ([vfs].[database_id]) AS [DatabaseName],
            [vfs].[file_id],
            [mf].[physical_name],
            [num_of_reads],
            [io_stall_read_ms],
            [num_of_writes],
            [io_stall_write_ms],
            [io_stall],
            [num_of_bytes_read],
            [num_of_bytes_written],
            [sample_ms],
            [size_on_disk_bytes],
            [file_handle],
            [ReadLatency] =
            CASE WHEN [num_of_reads] = 0
                THEN 0
                ELSE ([io_stall_read_ms] / [num_of_reads])
            END,
            [WriteLatency] =
                CASE WHEN [num_of_writes] = 0
                    THEN 0
                    ELSE ([io_stall_write_ms] / [num_of_writes])
                END,
            [Latency] =
                CASE WHEN ([num_of_reads] = 0 AND [num_of_writes] = 0)
                    THEN 0
                    ELSE ([io_stall] / ([num_of_reads] + [num_of_writes]))
                END,
            [AvgBPerRead] =
                CASE WHEN [num_of_reads] = 0
                    THEN 0
                    ELSE ([num_of_bytes_read] / [num_of_reads])
                END,
            [AvgBPerWrite] =
                CASE WHEN [num_of_writes] = 0
                    THEN 0
                    ELSE ([num_of_bytes_written] / [num_of_writes])
                END,
            [AvgBPerTransfer] =
                CASE WHEN ([num_of_reads] = 0 AND [num_of_writes] = 0)
                    THEN 0
                    ELSE
                        (([num_of_bytes_read] + [num_of_bytes_written]) /
                        ([num_of_reads] + [num_of_writes]))
                    END
        FROM sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats (NULL,NULL) AS [vfs]
        INNER JOIN sys.master_files AS [mf]
            ON [vfs].[database_id] = [mf].[database_id]
            AND [vfs].[file_id] = [mf].[file_id];"

        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

        $excludeColumns = 'FileHandle', 'ReadLatency', 'WriteLatency', 'Latency', 'AvgBPerRead', 'AvgBPerWrite', 'AvgBPerTransfer'
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connected to $instance"

            foreach ($row in $server.Query($sql)) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName         = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName         = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance          = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    DatabaseId           = $row.database_id
                    DatabaseName         = $row.DatabaseName
                    FileId               = $row.file_id
                    PhysicalName         = $row.physical_name
                    NumberOfReads        = $row.num_of_reads
                    IoStallRead          = $row.io_stall_read_ms
                    NumberOfwrites       = $row.num_of_writes
                    IoStallWrite         = $row.io_stall_write_ms
                    IoStall              = $row.io_stall
                    NumberOfBytesRead    = $row.num_of_bytes_read
                    NumberOfBytesWritten = $row.num_of_bytes_written
                    SampleMilliseconds   = $row.sample_ms
                    SizeOnDiskBytes      = $row.num_of_bytes_written
                    FileHandle           = $row.file_handle
                    ReadLatency          = $row.ReadLatency
                    WriteLatency         = $row.WriteLatency
                    Latency              = $row.Latency
                    AvgBPerRead          = $row.AvgBPerRead
                    AvgBPerWrite         = $row.AvgBPerWrite
                    AvgBPerTransfer      = $row.AvgBPerTransfer
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty $excludeColumns
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaLastBackup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get date/time for last known backups of databases.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Retrieves and compares the date/time for the last known backups, as well as the creation date/time for the database.

        Default output includes columns Server, Database, RecoveryModel, LastFullBackup, LastDiffBackup, LastLogBackup, SinceFull, SinceDiff, SinceLog, Status, DatabaseCreated, DaysSinceDbCreated.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies one or more database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies one or more database(s) to exclude from processing.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        If this switch is enabled exceptions will be thrown to the caller, which will need to perform its own exception processing. Otherwise, the function will try to catch the exception, interpret it and provide a friendly error message.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaLastBackup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987

        Returns a custom object displaying Server, Database, RecoveryModel, LastFullBackup, LastDiffBackup, LastLogBackup, SinceFull, SinceDiff, SinceLog, Status, DatabaseCreated, DaysSinceDbCreated

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987

        Returns a custom object with Server name, Database name, and the date the last time backups were performed.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 | Select *

        Returns a custom object with Server name, Database name, and the date the last time backups were performed, and also recoverymodel and calculations on how long ago backups were taken and what the status is.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 | Select * | Out-Gridview

        Returns a gridview displaying Server, Database, RecoveryModel, LastFullBackup, LastDiffBackup, LastLogBackup, SinceFull, SinceDiff, SinceLog, Status, DatabaseCreated, DaysSinceDbCreated.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function Get-DbaDateOrNull ($TimeSpan) {
            if ($TimeSpan -eq 0) {
                return $null
            }
            return $TimeSpan
        }
        $StartOfTime = [DbaTimeSpan](New-TimeSpan -Start ([datetime]0))
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.name -ne 'tempdb' }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }
            # Get-DbaBackupHistory -Last would make the job in one query but SMO's (and this) report the last backup of this type irregardless of the chain
            $FullHistory = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $dbs.Name -LastFull -IncludeCopyOnly -Raw
            $DiffHistory = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $dbs.Name -LastDiff -IncludeCopyOnly -Raw
            $IncrHistory = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $dbs.Name -LastLog -IncludeCopyOnly -Raw
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The database $db on server $instance is not accessible. Skipping database."
                    Continue
                }
                $LastFullBackup = ($FullHistory | Where-Object Database -eq $db.Name | Sort-Object -Property End -Descending | Select-Object -First 1).End
                if ($null -ne $LastFullBackup) {
                    $SinceFull_ = [DbaTimeSpan](New-TimeSpan -Start $LastFullBackup)
                } else {
                    $SinceFull_ = $StartOfTime
                }

                $LastDiffBackup = ($DiffHistory | Where-Object Database -eq $db.Name | Sort-Object -Property End -Descending | Select-Object -First 1).End
                if ($null -ne $LastDiffBackup) {
                    $SinceDiff_ = [DbaTimeSpan](New-TimeSpan -Start $LastDiffBackup)
                } else {
                    $SinceDiff_ = $StartOfTime
                }

                $LastIncrBackup = ($IncrHistory | Where-Object Database -eq $db.Name | Sort-Object -Property End -Descending | Select-Object -First 1).End
                if ($null -ne $LastIncrBackup) {
                    $SinceLog_ = [DbaTimeSpan](New-TimeSpan -Start $LastIncrBackup)
                } else {
                    $SinceLog_ = $StartOfTime
                }

                $daysSinceDbCreated = (New-TimeSpan -Start $db.createDate).Days

                if ($daysSinceDbCreated -lt 1 -and $SinceFull_ -eq 0) {
                    $Status = 'New database, not backed up yet'
                } elseif ($SinceFull_.Days -gt 0 -and $SinceDiff_.Days -gt 0) {
                    $Status = 'No Full or Diff Back Up in the last day'
                } elseif ($db.RecoveryModel -eq "Full" -and $SinceLog_.Hours -gt 0) {
                    $Status = 'No Log Back Up in the last hour'
                } else {
                    $Status = 'OK'
                }

                $result = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName       = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database           = $db.Name
                    RecoveryModel      = $db.RecoveryModel
                    LastFullBackup     = [DbaDateTime]$LastFullBackup
                    LastDiffBackup     = [DbaDateTime]$LastDiffBackup
                    LastLogBackup      = [DbaDateTime]$LastIncrBackup
                    SinceFull          = Get-DbaDateOrNull -TimeSpan $SinceFull_
                    SinceDiff          = Get-DbaDateOrNull -TimeSpan $SinceDiff_
                    SinceLog           = Get-DbaDateOrNull -TimeSpan $SinceLog_
                    DatabaseCreated    = $db.createDate
                    DaysSinceDbCreated = $daysSinceDbCreated
                    Status             = $status
                }
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $result -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, LastFullBackup, LastDiffBackup, LastLogBackup
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaLastGoodCheckDb {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get date/time for last known good DBCC CHECKDB

    .DESCRIPTION
        Retrieves and compares the date/time for the last known good DBCC CHECKDB, as well as the creation date/time for the database.

        This function supports SQL Server 2005 and higher.

        Please note that this script uses the DBCC DBINFO() WITH TABLERESULTS. DBCC DBINFO has several known weak points, such as:
        - DBCC DBINFO is an undocumented feature/command.
        - The LastKnowGood timestamp is updated when a DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP is performed.
        - The LastKnowGood timestamp is updated when a DBCC CHECKDB WITH PHYSICAL_ONLY is performed.
        - The LastKnowGood timestamp does not get updated when a database in READ_ONLY.

        An empty ($null) LastGoodCheckDb result indicates that a good DBCC CHECKDB has never been performed.

        SQL Server 2008R2 has a "bug" that causes each databases to possess two dbi_dbccLastKnownGood fields, instead of the normal one.

        This script will only display this function to only display the newest timestamp. If -Verbose is specified, the function will announce every time more than one dbi_dbccLastKnownGood fields is encountered.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies one or more database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies one or more database(s) to exclude from processing.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: CHECKDB, Database
        Author: Jakob Bindslet ([email protected])

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Ref:
        DBCC CHECKDB:
        https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms176064.aspx
        http://www.sqlcopilot.com/dbcc-checkdb.html
        Data Purity:
        http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/checkdb-from-every-angle-how-to-tell-if-data-purity-checks-will-be-run/
        https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/1988/ensure-sql-server-data-purity-checks-are-performed/

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaLastGoodCheckDb

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLastGoodCheckDb -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987

        Returns a custom object displaying Server, Database, DatabaseCreated, LastGoodCheckDb, DaysSinceDbCreated, DaysSinceLastGoodCheckDb, Status and DataPurityEnabled

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLastGoodCheckDb -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 -SqlCredential sqladmin | Format-Table -AutoSize

        Returns a formatted table displaying Server, Database, DatabaseCreated, LastGoodCheckDb, DaysSinceDbCreated, DaysSinceLastGoodCheckDb, Status and DataPurityEnabled. Authenticates using SQL Server authentication.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLastGoodCheckDb -SqlInstance sql2016 -ExcludeDatabase "TempDB" | Format-Table -AutoSize

        Returns a formatted table displaying Server, Database, DatabaseCreated, LastGoodCheckDb, DaysSinceDbCreated, DaysSinceLastGoodCheckDb, Status and DataPurityEnabled. All databases except for "TempDB" will be displayed in the output.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 9) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Get-DbaLastGoodCheckDb is only supported on SQL Server 2005 and above. Skipping Instance." -Continue -Target $instance
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instances."

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping database." -Continue -Target $db
                }

                $sql = "DBCC DBINFO ([$($db.name)]) WITH TABLERESULTS"
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "T-SQL: $sql"

                $resultTable = $db.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables[0]
                [datetime[]]$lastKnownGoodArray = $resultTable | Where-Object Field -eq 'dbi_dbccLastKnownGood' | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Value

                ## look for databases with two or more occurrences of the field dbi_dbccLastKnownGood
                if ($lastKnownGoodArray.count -ge 2) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "The database $db has $($lastKnownGoodArray.count) dbi_dbccLastKnownGood fields. This script will only use the newest!"
                }
                [datetime]$lastKnownGood = $lastKnownGoodArray | Sort-Object -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

                [int]$createVersion = ($resultTable | Where-Object Field -eq 'dbi_createVersion').Value
                [int]$dbccFlags = ($resultTable | Where-Object Field -eq 'dbi_dbccFlags').Value

                if (($createVersion -lt 611) -and ($dbccFlags -eq 0)) {
                    $dataPurityEnabled = $false
                } else {
                    $dataPurityEnabled = $true
                }

                $daysSinceCheckDb = (New-TimeSpan -Start $lastKnownGood -End (Get-Date)).Days
                $daysSinceDbCreated = (New-TimeSpan -Start $db.createDate -End (Get-Date)).TotalDays

                if ($daysSinceCheckDb -lt 7) {
                    $Status = 'Ok'
                } elseif ($daysSinceDbCreated -lt 7) {
                    $Status = 'New database, not checked yet'
                } else {
                    $Status = 'CheckDB should be performed'
                }

                if ($lastKnownGood -eq '1/1/1900 12:00:00 AM') {
                    Remove-Variable -Name lastKnownGood, daysSinceCheckDb
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName             = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database                 = $db.name
                    DatabaseCreated          = $db.createDate
                    LastGoodCheckDb          = $lastKnownGood
                    DaysSinceDbCreated       = $daysSinceDbCreated
                    DaysSinceLastGoodCheckDb = $daysSinceCheckDb
                    Status                   = $status
                    DataPurityEnabled        = $dataPurityEnabled
                    CreateVersion            = $createVersion
                    DbccFlags                = $dbccFlags
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaLatchStatistic {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays latch statistics from sys.dm_os_latch_stats

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command is based off of Paul Randal's post "Advanced SQL Server performance tuning"

        Returns:
                LatchClass
                WaitSeconds
                WaitCount
                Percentage
                AverageWaitSeconds
                URL

        Reference:  https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/advanced-performance-troubleshooting-waits-latches-spinlocks/
                    https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/most-common-latch-classes-and-what-they-mean/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version 2005 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Threshold
        Threshold, in percentage of all latch stats on the system. Default per Paul's post is 95%.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: LatchStatistics, Waits
        Author: Patrick Flynn (@sqllensman)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaLatchStatistic

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLatchStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Check latch statistics for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLatchStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008 -Threshold 98

        Check latch statistics on server sql2008 for thresholds above 98%

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $output = Get-DbaLatchStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008 -Threshold 100 | Select * | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable

        Collects all latch statistics on server sql2008 into a Data Table.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql2008','sqlserver2012' | Get-DbaLatchStatistic

        Get latch statistics for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012 via pipline

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLatchStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008 -SqlCredential $cred

        Connects using sqladmin credential and returns latch statistics from sql2008

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $output = Get-DbaLatchStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008
        PS C:\> $output
        PS C:\> foreach ($row in ($output | Sort-Object -Unique Url)) { Start-Process ($row).Url }

        Displays the output then loads the associated sqlskills website for each result. Opens one tab per unique URL.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int]$Threshold = 95,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {
        $sql = "WITH [Latches] AS
               (
                   SELECT
                       [latch_class],
                       [wait_time_ms] / 1000.0 AS [WaitS],
                       [waiting_requests_count] AS [WaitCount],
                       Case WHEN SUM ([wait_time_ms]) OVER() = 0 THEN NULL ELSE 100.0 * [wait_time_ms] / SUM ([wait_time_ms]) OVER() END AS [Percentage],
                       ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY [wait_time_ms] DESC) AS [RowNum]
                   FROM sys.dm_os_latch_stats
                   WHERE [latch_class] NOT IN (N'BUFFER')
               )
               SELECT
                   MAX ([W1].[latch_class]) AS [LatchClass],
                   CAST (MAX ([W1].[WaitS]) AS DECIMAL(14, 2)) AS [WaitSeconds],
                   MAX ([W1].[WaitCount]) AS [WaitCount],
                   CAST (MAX ([W1].[Percentage]) AS DECIMAL(14, 2)) AS [Percentage],
                   CAST ((MAX ([W1].[WaitS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (14, 4)) AS [AvgWaitSeconds],
                   CAST ('https://www.sqlskills.com/help/latches/' + MAX ([W1].[latch_class]) as XML) AS [URL]
               FROM [Latches] AS [W1]
               INNER JOIN [Latches] AS [W2]
                   ON [W2].[RowNum] <= [W1].[RowNum]
               GROUP BY [W1].[RowNum]
               HAVING SUM ([W2].[Percentage]) - MAX ([W1].[Percentage]) < $Threshold;"

        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                Return
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connected to $instance"

            foreach ($row in $server.Query($sql)) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName       = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    WaitType           = $row.LatchClass
                    WaitSeconds        = $row.WaitSeconds
                    WaitCount          = $row.WaitCount
                    Percentage         = $row.Percentage
                    AverageWaitSeconds = $row.AvgWaitSeconds
                    URL                = $row.URL
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaLinkedServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets all linked servers and a summary of information from the linked servers listed.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Retrieves information about each linked server on the instance(s).

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER LinkedServer
        The linked server(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all linked servers will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeLinkedServer
        The linked server(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: LinkedServer, Linked
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaLinkedServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLinkedServer -SqlInstance DEV01

        Returns all linked servers for the SQL Server instance DEV01

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance DEV01 -Group SQLDEV | Get-DbaLinkedServer | Out-GridView

        Returns all linked servers for a group of servers from SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS). Send output to GridView.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Default')]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$LinkedServer,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLinkedServer,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $lservers = $server.LinkedServers

            if ($LinkedServer) {
                $lservers = $lservers | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $LinkedServer }
            }
            if ($ExcludeLinkedServer) {
                $lservers = $lservers | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $ExcludeLinkedServer }
            }

            foreach ($ls in $lservers) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ls -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ls -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ls -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ls -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Impersonate -value $ls.LinkedServerLogins.Impersonate
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $ls -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RemoteUser -value $ls.LinkedServerLogins.RemoteUser

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $ls -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, 'DataSource as RemoteServer', ProductName, Impersonate, RemoteUser, 'DistPublisher as Publisher', Distributor, DateLastModified
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaLocaleSetting {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the Locale settings on a computer.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the Locale settings on one or more computers.

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: OS
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaLocaleSetting

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLocaleSetting -ComputerName sqlserver2014a

        Gets the Locale settings on computer sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Get-DbaLocaleSetting

        Gets the Locale settings on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLocaleSetting -ComputerName sql1,sql2 -SqlCredential $credential | Out-Gridview

        Gets the Locale settings on computers sql1 and sql2 using SQL Authentication to authenticate to the servers, and shows them in a grid view.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [string[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential] $Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $ComputerName = $ComputerName | ForEach-Object {$_.split("\")[0]} | Select-Object -Unique
        $sessionoption = New-CimSessionOption -Protocol DCom
        $keyname = "Control Panel\International"
        $NS = 'root\cimv2'
        $Reg = 'StdRegProv'
        [UInt32]$CIMHiveCU = 2147483649
    }
    process {
        # uses cim commands
        
        
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $props = @{ "ComputerName" = $computer }
            $Server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $credential
            if ( $Server.FullComputerName ) {
                $Computer = $server.FullComputerName
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CIMSession on $computer over WSMan"
                $CIMsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                if ( -not $CIMSession ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CIMSession on $computer over WSMan failed. Creating CIMSession on $computer over DCom"
                    $CIMsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -SessionOption $sessionoption -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                }
                if ( $CIMSession ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting properties from Registry Key"
                    $PropNames = Invoke-CimMethod -CimSession $CIMsession -Namespace $NS -ClassName $Reg -MethodName enumvalues -Arguments @{hDefKey = $CIMHiveCU; sSubKeyName = $keyname} |
                        Select-Object -ExpandProperty snames

                    foreach ($Name in $PropNames) {
                        $sValue = Invoke-CimMethod -CimSession $CIMsession -Namespace $NS -ClassName $Reg -MethodName GetSTRINGvalue -Arguments @{hDefKey = $CIMHiveCU; sSubKeyName = $keyname; sValueName = $Name} |
                            Select-Object -ExpandProperty svalue
                        $props.add($Name, $sValue)
                    }
                    [PSCustomObject]$props
                } #if CIMSession
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't create CIMSession on $computer"
                }
            } #if computername
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to $computer"
            }
        } #foreach computer
    } #PROCESS
} #function
function Get-DbaLogin {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Function to get an SMO login object of the logins for a given SQL Server instance. Takes a server object from the pipeline.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaLogin function returns an SMO Login object for the logins passed, if there are no users passed it will return all logins.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.

    .PARAMETER Login
        The login(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeLogin
        The login(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER IncludeFilter
        A list of logins to include - accepts wildcard patterns

    .PARAMETER ExcludeFilter
        A list of logins to exclude - accepts wildcard patterns

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemLogin
        A Switch to remove System Logins from the output.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Filters logins by their type. Valid options are Windows and SQL.

    .PARAMETER Locked
        A Switch to return locked Logins.

    .PARAMETER Disabled
        A Switch to return disabled Logins.

    .PARAMETER SqlLogins
        Deprecated. Please use -Type SQL

    .PARAMETER WindowsLogins
        Deprecated. Please use -Type Windows.

    .PARAMETER HasAccess
        A Switch to return Logins that have access to the instance of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Login, Security
        Author: Mitchell Hamann (@SirCaptainMitch) | Rob Sewell (@SQLDBaWithBeard)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaLogin

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets all the logins from server sql2016 using NT authentication and returns the SMO login objects

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential $sqlcred

        Gets all the logins for a given SQL Server using a passed credential object and returns the SMO login objects

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential $sqlcred -Login dbatoolsuser,TheCaptain

        Get specific logins from server sql2016 returned as SMO login objects.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -IncludeFilter '##*','NT *'

        Get all user objects from server sql2016 beginning with '##' or 'NT ', returned as SMO login objects.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -ExcludeLogin dbatoolsuser

        Get all user objects from server sql2016 except the login dbatoolsuser, returned as SMO login objects.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -Type Windows

        Get all user objects from server sql2016 that are Windows Logins

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -Type Windows -IncludeFilter *Rob*

        Get all user objects from server sql2016 that are Windows Logins and have Rob in the name

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -Type SQL

        Get all user objects from server sql2016 that are SQL Logins

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -Type SQL -IncludeFilter *Rob*

        Get all user objects from server sql2016 that are SQL Logins and have Rob in the name

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -ExcludeSystemLogin

        Get all user objects from server sql2016 that are not system objects

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -ExcludeFilter '##*','NT *'

        Get all user objects from server sql2016 except any beginning with '##' or 'NT ', returned as SMO login objects.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql2016', 'sql2014' | Get-DbaLogin -SqlCredential $sqlcred

        Using Get-DbaLogin on the pipeline, you can also specify which names you would like with -Login.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql2016', 'sql2014' | Get-DbaLogin -SqlCredential $sqlcred -Locked

        Using Get-DbaLogin on the pipeline to get all locked logins on servers sql2016 and sql2014.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql2016', 'sql2014' | Get-DbaLogin -SqlCredential $sqlcred -HasAccess -Disabled

        Using Get-DbaLogin on the pipeline to get all Disabled logins that have access on servers sql2016 or sql2014.

#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Login,
        [object[]]$IncludeFilter,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLogin,
        [object[]]$ExcludeFilter,
        [Alias('ExcludeSystemLogins')]
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemLogin,
        [ValidateSet('Windows', 'SQL')]
        [string]$Type,
        [switch]$HasAccess,
        [switch]$SqlLogins,
        [switch]$WindowsLogins,
        [switch]$Locked,
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter SQLLogins
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter WindowsLogins

        if ($SQLLogins) {
            $Type = "SQL"
        }
        if ($WindowsLogins) {
            $Type = "Windows"
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $serverLogins = $server.Logins

            if ($Login) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object Name -in $Login
            }

            if ($ExcludeSystemLogin) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
            }

            if ($Type -eq 'Windows') {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object LoginType -eq 'WindowsUser'
            }

            if ($Type -eq 'SQL') {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object LoginType -eq 'SqlLogin'
            }

            if ($IncludeFilter) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object {
                    foreach ($filter in $IncludeFilter) {
                        if ($_.Name -like $filter) {
                            return $true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($ExcludeLogin) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeLogin
            }

            if ($ExcludeFilter) {
                foreach ($filter in $ExcludeFilter) {
                    $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object Name -NotLike $filter
                }
            }

            if ($HasAccess) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object HasAccess
            }

            if ($Locked) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object IsLocked
            }

            if ($Disabled) {
                $serverLogins = $serverLogins | Where-Object IsDisabled
            }

            foreach ($serverLogin in $serverlogins) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $serverLogin on $instance"

                if ($server.VersionMajor -gt 9) {
                    # There's no reliable method to get last login time with SQL Server 2000, so only show on 2005+
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting last login time"
                    $sql = "SELECT MAX(login_time) AS [login_time] FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions WHERE login_name = '$($serverLogin.name)'"
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serverLogin -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastLogin -Value $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
                } else {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serverLogin -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastLogin -Value $null
                }

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serverLogin -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serverLogin -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serverLogin -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $serverLogin -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, LoginType, CreateDate, LastLogin, HasAccess, IsLocked, IsDisabled
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Reads the log files generated by the IndexOptimize Agent Job from Ola Hallengren's MaintenanceSolution.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Ola wrote a .sql script to get the content from the commandLog table. However, if LogToTable='N', there will be no logging in that table. This function reads the text files that are written in the SQL Instance's Log directory.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER LogType
        Accepts 'IndexOptimize', 'DatabaseBackup', 'DatabaseIntegrityCheck'. ATM only IndexOptimize parsing is available

    .PARAMETER Since
        Consider only files generated since this date

    .PARAMETER Path
        Where to search for log files. By default it's the SQL instance errorlogpath path

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Ola, Maintenance
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@powerdbaklaas) | Simone Bizzotto ( @niphlod )

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Gets the outcome of the IndexOptimize job on sql instance sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $credential

        Gets the outcome of the IndexOptimize job on sqlserver2014a, using SQL Authentication.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sqlserver2014a', 'sqlserver2020test' | Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog

        Gets the outcome of the IndexOptimize job on sqlserver2014a and sqlserver2020test.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Path 'D:\logs\maintenancesolution\'

        Gets the outcome of the IndexOptimize job on sqlserver2014a, reading the log files in their custom location.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Since '2017-07-18'

        Gets the outcome of the IndexOptimize job on sqlserver2014a, starting from july 18, 2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaMaintenanceSolutionLog -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -LogType IndexOptimize

        Gets the outcome of the IndexOptimize job on sqlserver2014a, the other options are not yet available! sorry

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseApprovedVerbs", "", Justification = "Internal functions are ignored")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('IndexOptimize', 'DatabaseBackup', 'DatabaseIntegrityCheck')]
        [string[]]$LogType = 'IndexOptimize',
        [datetime]$Since,
        [string]$Path,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function process-block ($block) {
            $fresh = @{
                'ObjectType'     = $null
                'IndexType'      = $null
                'ImageText'      = $null
                'NewLOB'         = $null
                'FileStream'     = $null
                'ColumnStore'    = $null
                'AllowPageLocks' = $null
                'PageCount'      = $null
                'Fragmentation'  = $null
                'Error'          = $null
            }
            foreach ($l in $block) {
                $splitted = $l -split ': ', 2
                if (($splitted.Length -ne 2) -or ($splitted[0].length -gt 20)) {
                    if ($null -eq $fresh['Error']) {
                        $fresh['Error'] = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
                    }
                    $null = $fresh['Error'].Add($l)
                    continue
                }
                $k = $splitted[0]
                $v = $splitted[1]
                if ($k -eq 'Date and Time') {
                    # this is the end date, we already parsed the start date of the block
                    if ($fresh.ContainsKey($k)) {
                        continue
                    }
                }
                $fresh[$k] = $v
            }
            if ($fresh.ContainsKey('Command')) {
                if ($fresh['Command'] -match '(SET LOCK_TIMEOUT (?<timeout>\d+); )?ALTER INDEX \[(?<index>[^\]]+)\] ON \[(?<database>[^\]]+)\]\.\[(?<schema>[^]]+)\]\.\[(?<table>[^\]]+)\] (?<action>[^\ ]+)( PARTITION = (?<partition>\d+))? WITH \((?<options>[^\)]+)') {
                    $fresh['Index'] = $Matches.index
                    $fresh['Statistics'] = $null
                    $fresh['Schema'] = $Matches.Schema
                    $fresh['Table'] = $Matches.Table
                    $fresh['Action'] = $Matches.action
                    $fresh['Options'] = $Matches.options
                    $fresh['Timeout'] = $Matches.timeout
                    $fresh['Partition'] = $Matches.partition
                } elseif ($fresh['Command'] -match '(SET LOCK_TIMEOUT (?<timeout>\d+); )?UPDATE STATISTICS \[(?<database>[^\]]+)\]\.\[(?<schema>[^]]+)\]\.\[(?<table>[^\]]+)\] \[(?<stat>[^\]]+)\]') {
                    $fresh['Index'] = $null
                    $fresh['Statistics'] = $Matches.stat
                    $fresh['Schema'] = $Matches.Schema
                    $fresh['Table'] = $Matches.Table
                    $fresh['Action'] = $null
                    $fresh['Options'] = $null
                    $fresh['Timeout'] = $Matches.timeout
                    $fresh['Partition'] = $null
                }
            }
            if ($fresh.ContainsKey('Comment')) {
                $commentparts = $fresh['Comment'] -split ', '
                foreach ($part in $commentparts) {
                    $indkey, $indvalue = $part -split ': ', 2
                    if ($fresh.ContainsKey($indkey)) {
                        $fresh[$indkey] = $indvalue
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($null -ne $fresh['Error']) {
                $fresh['Error'] = $fresh['Error'] -join "`n"
            }

            return $fresh
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            $logdir = $logfiles = $null
            $computername = $instance.ComputerName

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $instance" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            if ($logtype -ne 'IndexOptimize') {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Parsing $logtype is not supported at the moment"
                Continue
            }
            if ($Path) {
                $logdir = Join-AdminUnc -Servername $server.ComputerName -Filepath $Path
            } else {
                $logdir = Join-AdminUnc -Servername $server.ComputerName -Filepath $server.errorlogpath # -replace '^(.):', "\\$computername\`$1$"
            }
            if (!$logdir) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No log directory returned from $instance"
                Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Log directory on $computername is $logdir"
            if (! (Test-Path $logdir)) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Directory $logdir is not accessible"
                continue
            }
            $logfiles = [System.IO.Directory]::EnumerateFiles("$logdir", "IndexOptimize_*.txt")
            if ($Since) {
                $filteredlogs = @()
                foreach ($l in $logfiles) {
                    $base = $($l.Substring($l.Length - 15, 15))
                    try {
                        $datefile = [DateTime]::ParseExact($base, 'yyyyMMdd_HHmmss', $null)
                    } catch {
                        $datefile = Get-ItemProperty -Path $l | Select-Object -ExpandProperty CreationTime
                    }
                    if ($datefile -gt $since) {
                        $filteredlogs += $l
                    }
                }
                $logfiles = $filteredlogs
            }
            if (! $logfiles.count -ge 1) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No log files returned from $computername"
                Continue
            }
            $instanceinfo = @{ }
            $instanceinfo['ComputerName'] = $server.ComputerName
            $instanceinfo['InstanceName'] = $server.ServiceName
            $instanceinfo['SqlInstance'] = $server.Name

            foreach ($File in $logfiles) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reading $file"
                $text = New-Object System.IO.StreamReader -ArgumentList "$File"
                $block = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
                $remember = @{}
                while ($line = $text.ReadLine()) {

                    $real = $line.Trim()
                    if ($real.Length -eq 0) {
                        $processed = process-block $block
                        if ('Procedure' -in $processed.Keys) {
                            $block = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
                            continue
                        }
                        if ('Database' -in $processed.Keys) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Index and Stats Optimizations on Database $($processed.Database) on $computername"
                            $processed.Remove('Is accessible')
                            $processed.Remove('User access')
                            $processed.Remove('Date and time')
                            $processed.Remove('Standby')
                            $processed.Remove('Recovery Model')
                            $processed.Remove('Updateability')
                            $processed['Database'] = $processed['Database'].Trim('[]')
                            $remember = $processed.Clone()
                        } else {
                            foreach ($k in $processed.Keys) {
                                $remember[$k] = $processed[$k]
                            }
                            $remember.Remove('Command')
                            $remember['StartTime'] = [dbadatetime]([DateTime]::ParseExact($remember['Date and time'] , "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", $null))
                            $remember.Remove('Date and time')
                            $remember['Duration'] = ($remember['Duration'] -as [timespan])
                            [pscustomobject]$remember
                        }
                        $block = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
                    } else {
                        $null = $block.Add($real)
                    }
                }
                $text.close()
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaManagementObject {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Mangaement Object versions installed on the machine.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaManagementObject returns an object with the Version and the
        Add-Type Load Template for each version on the server.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The name of the Windows Server(s) you would like to check.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        This command uses Windows credentials. This parameter allows you to connect remotely as a different user.

    .PARAMETER VersionNumber
        This is the specific version number you are looking for. The function will look
        for that version only.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SMO
        Author: Ben Miller (@DBAduck), http://dbaduck.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaManagementObject

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaManagementObject

        Returns all versions of SMO on the computer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaManagementObject -VersionNumber 13

        Returns just the version specified. If the version does not exist then it will return nothing.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]
        $Credential,
        [int]$VersionNumber,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if (!$VersionNumber) {
            $VersionNumber = 0
        }
        $scriptblock = {
            $VersionNumber = [int]$args[0]
            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
            Write-Verbose -Message "Checking currently loaded SMO version"
            $loadedversion = [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Where-Object { $_.Fullname -like "Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO,*" }
            if ($loadedversion) {
                $loadedversion = $loadedversion | ForEach-Object {
                    if ($_.Location -match "__") {
                        ((Split-Path (Split-Path $_.Location) -Leaf) -split "__")[0]
                    } else {
                        ((Get-ChildItem -Path $_.Location).VersionInfo.ProductVersion)
                    }
                }
            }
            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
            Write-Verbose -Message "Looking for included smo library"
            $localversion = [version](Get-ChildItem -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo.dll").VersionInfo.ProductVersion

            foreach ($version in $localversion) {
                if ($VersionNumber -eq 0) {
                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Verbose -Message "Did not pass a version"
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        Version      = $localversion
                        Loaded       = $loadedversion -contains $localversion
                        LoadTemplate = "Add-Type -Path $("$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo.dll")"
                    }
                } else {
                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Verbose -Message "Passed version $VersionNumber, looking for that specific version"
                    if ($localversion.ToString().StartsWith("$VersionNumber.")) {
                        <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                        Write-Verbose -Message "Found the Version $VersionNumber"
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                            Version      = $localversion
                            Loaded       = $loadedversion -contains $localversion
                            LoadTemplate = "Add-Type -Path $("$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo.dll")"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
            Write-Verbose -Message "Looking for SMO in the Global Assembly Cache"
            $smolist = (Get-ChildItem -Path "$env:SystemRoot\assembly\GAC_MSIL\Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo" | Sort-Object Name -Descending).Name

            foreach ($version in $smolist) {
                $array = $version.Split("__")
                if ($VersionNumber -eq 0) {
                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Verbose -Message "Did not pass a version, looking for all versions"
                    $currentversion = $array[0]
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        Version      = $currentversion
                        Loaded       = $loadedversion -contains $currentversion
                        LoadTemplate = "Add-Type -AssemblyName `"Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo, Version=$($array[0]), Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91`""
                    }
                } else {
                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Verbose -Message "Passed version $VersionNumber, looking for that specific version"
                    if ($array[0].StartsWith("$VersionNumber.")) {
                        <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                        Write-Verbose -Message "Found the Version $VersionNumber"
                        $currentversion = $array[0]
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                            Version      = $currentversion
                            Loaded       = $loadedversion -contains $currentversion
                            LoadTemplate = "Add-Type -AssemblyName `"Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo, Version=$($array[0]), Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91`""
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Executing scriptblock against $computer"
                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $VersionNumber -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ComputerName
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaSqlManagementObject
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaMaxMemory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the 'Max Server Memory' configuration setting and the memory of the server.  Works on SQL Server 2000-2014.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command retrieves the SQL Server 'Max Server Memory' configuration setting as well as the total physical installed on the server.

        Results are turned in megabytes (MB).

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: MaxMemory, Memory
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaMaxMemory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance sqlcluster, sqlserver2012

        Get memory settings for instances "sqlcluster" and "sqlserver2012". Returns results in megabytes (MB).

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlcluster | Get-DbaMaxMemory | Where-Object { $_.MaxValue -gt $_.Total }

        Find all servers in Server Central Management Server that have 'Max Server Memory' set to higher than the total memory of the server (think 2147483647)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Find-DbaInstance -ComputerName localhost | Get-DbaMaxMemory | Format-Table -AutoSize

        Scans localhost for instances using the browser service, traverses all instances and displays memory settings in a formatted table.
       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $totalMemory = $server.PhysicalMemory

            # Some servers under-report by 1.
            if (($totalMemory % 1024) -ne 0) {
                $totalMemory = $totalMemory + 1
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Total        = [int]$totalMemory
                MaxValue     = [int]$server.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue
                Server       = $server # This will allowing piping a non-connected object
            } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Total, MaxValue
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaMemoryCondition {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Determine the memory conditions from SQL Server ring buffers.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The information from SQL Server ring buffers can be used to determine the memory conditions on the server when paging occurs.

        This command is based on a query provided by Microsoft support.
        Reference KB article: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/918483/how-to-reduce-paging-of-buffer-pool-memory-in-the-64-bit-version-of-sq

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Memory
        Author: IJeb Reitsma
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaMemoryCondition

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaMemoryCondition -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Returns the memory conditions for the selected instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Group GroupName | Get-DbaMemoryCondition | Out-GridView

        Returns the memory conditions for a group of servers from SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS). Send output to GridView.
       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT CONVERT (varchar(30), GETDATE(), 121) as Runtime,
    DATEADD (ms, -1 * (sys.ms_ticks - a.[RecordTime]), GETDATE()) AS NotificationTime,
    [NotificationType],
    [MemoryUtilizationPercent],
    [TotalPhysicalMemoryKB],
    [AvailablePhysicalMemoryKB],
    [TotalPageFileKB],
    [AvailablePageFileKB],
    [TotalVirtualAddressSpaceKB],
    [AvailableVirtualAddressSpaceKB],
    [NodeId],
    [SQLReservedMemoryKB],
    [SQLCommittedMemoryKB],
    [RecordId],
    [Type],
    [Indicators],
    [RecordTime],
    sys.ms_ticks AS [CurrentTime]
    FROM
    (SELECT x.value('(//Record/ResourceMonitor/Notification)[1]', 'varchar(30)') AS [NotificationType],
    x.value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/MemoryUtilization)[1]', 'bigint') AS [MemoryUtilizationPercent],
    x.value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/TotalPhysicalMemory)[1]', 'bigint') AS [TotalPhysicalMemoryKB],
    x.value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/AvailablePhysicalMemory)[1]', 'bigint') AS [AvailablePhysicalMemoryKB],
    x.value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/TotalPageFile)[1]', 'bigint') AS [TotalPageFileKB],
    x.value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/AvailablePageFile)[1]', 'bigint') AS [AvailablePageFileKB],
    x.value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/TotalVirtualAddressSpace)[1]', 'bigint') AS [TotalVirtualAddressSpaceKB],
    x.value('(//Record/MemoryRecord/AvailableVirtualAddressSpace)[1]', 'bigint') AS [AvailableVirtualAddressSpaceKB],
    x.value('(//Record/MemoryNode/@id)[1]', 'bigint') AS [NodeId],
    x.value('(//Record/MemoryNode/ReservedMemory)[1]', 'bigint') AS [SQLReservedMemoryKB],
    x.value('(//Record/MemoryNode/CommittedMemory)[1]', 'bigint') AS [SQLCommittedMemoryKB],
    x.value('(//Record/@id)[1]', 'bigint') AS [RecordId],
    x.value('(//Record/@type)[1]', 'varchar(30)') AS [Type],
    x.value('(//Record/ResourceMonitor/Indicators)[1]', 'bigint') AS [Indicators],
    x.value('(//Record/@time)[1]', 'bigint') AS [RecordTime]
    FROM (SELECT CAST (record as xml) FROM sys.dm_os_ring_buffers
    WHERE ring_buffer_type = 'RING_BUFFER_RESOURCE_MONITOR') AS R(x)) a
CROSS JOIN sys.dm_os_sys_info sys
ORDER BY a.[RecordTime] ASC"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $results = $server.Query($sql)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting data" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
            }
            foreach ($row in $results) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName                 = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName                 = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance                  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Runtime                      = $row.runtime
                    NotificationTime             = $row.NotificationTime
                    NotificationType             = $row.NotificationType
                    MemoryUtilizationPercent     = $row.MemoryUtilizationPercent
                    TotalPhysicalMemory          = [dbasize]$row.TotalPhysicalMemoryKB * 1024
                    AvailablePhysicalMemory      = [dbasize]$row.AvailablePhysicalMemoryKB * 1024
                    TotalPageFile                = [dbasize]$row.TotalPageFileKB * 1024
                    AvailablePageFile            = [dbasize]$row.AvailablePageFileKB * 1024
                    TotalVirtualAddressSpace     = [dbasize]$row.TotalVirtualAddressSpaceKB * 1024
                    AvailableVirtualAddressSpace = [dbasize]$row.AvailableVirtualAddressSpaceKB * 1024
                    NodeId                       = $row.NodeId
                    SQLReservedMemory            = [dbasize]$row.SQLReservedMemoryKB * 1024
                    SQLCommittedMemory           = [dbasize]$row.SQLCommittedMemoryKB * 1024
                    RecordId                     = $row.RecordId
                    Type                         = $row.Type
                    Indicators                   = $row.Indicators
                    RecordTime                   = $row.RecordTime
                    CurrentTime                  = $row.CurrentTime
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaMemoryUsage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get amount of memory in use by *all* SQL Server components and instances

    .DESCRIPTION
        Retrieves the amount of memory per performance counter. Default output includes columns Server, counter instance, counter, number of pages, memory in KB, memory in MB
        SSAS and SSIS are included.

        SSRS does not have memory counters, only memory shrinks and memory pressure state.

        This function requires local admin role on the targeted computers.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The Windows Server that you are connecting to. Note that this will return all instances, but Out-GridView makes it easy to filter to specific instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Memory
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        SSIS Counters: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms137622.aspx

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaMemoryUsage

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaMemoryUsage -ComputerName sql2017

        Returns a custom object displaying Server, counter instance, counter, number of pages, memory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaMemoryUsage -ComputerName sql2017\sqlexpress -SqlCredential sqladmin | Where-Object { $_.Memory.Megabyte -gt 100 }

        Logs into the sql2017\sqlexpress as sqladmin using SQL Authentication then returns results only where memory exceeds 100 MB

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaMemoryUsage | Out-Gridview

       Gets results from an array of $servers then diplays them in a gridview.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("Host", "cn", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($Simple) {
            $Memcounters = '(Total Server Memory |Target Server Memory |Connection Memory |Lock Memory |SQL Cache Memory |Optimizer Memory |Granted Workspace Memory |Cursor memory usage|Maximum Workspace)'
            $Plancounters = 'total\)\\cache pages'
            $BufManpagecounters = 'Total pages'
            $SSAScounters = '(\\memory usage)'
            $SSIScounters = '(memory)'
        } else {
            $Memcounters = '(Total Server Memory |Target Server Memory |Connection Memory |Lock Memory |SQL Cache Memory |Optimizer Memory |Granted Workspace Memory |Cursor memory usage|Maximum Workspace)'
            $Plancounters = '(cache pages|procedure plan|ad hoc sql plan|prepared SQL Plan)'
            $BufManpagecounters = '(Free pages|Reserved pages|Stolen pages|Total pages|Database pages|target pages|extension .* pages)'
            $SSAScounters = '(\\memory )'
            $SSIScounters = '(memory)'
        }

        $scriptblock = {
            param ($Memcounters,
                $Plancounters,
                $BufManpagecounters,
                $SSAScounters,
                $SSIScounters)
            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
            Write-Verbose -Message "Searching for Memory Manager Counters on $Computer"
            try {
                $availablecounters = (Get-Counter -ListSet '*sql*:Memory Manager*' -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).paths
                (Get-Counter -Counter $availablecounters -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).countersamples |
                    Where-Object { $_.Path -match $Memcounters } |
                    ForEach-Object {
                    $instance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[0]
                    if ($instance -eq 'sqlserver') { $instance = 'mssqlserver' }
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName    = $env:computername
                        SqlInstance     = $instance
                        CounterInstance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[1]
                        Counter         = $_.Path.split("\")[-1]
                        Pages           = $null
                        Memory          = $_.cookedvalue / 1024
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                Write-Verbose -Message "No Memory Manager Counters on $Computer"
            }
            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
            Write-Verbose -Message "Searching for Plan Cache Counters on $Computer"
            try {
                $availablecounters = (Get-Counter -ListSet '*sql*:Plan Cache*' -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).paths
                (Get-Counter -Counter $availablecounters -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).countersamples |
                    Where-Object { $_.Path -match $Plancounters } |
                    ForEach-Object {
                    $instance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[0]
                    if ($instance -eq 'sqlserver') { $instance = 'mssqlserver' }
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName    = $env:computername
                        SqlInstance     = $instance
                        CounterInstance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[1]
                        Counter         = $_.Path.split("\")[-1]
                        Pages           = $_.cookedvalue
                        Memory          = $_.cookedvalue * 8192 / 1048576
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                Write-Verbose -Message "No Plan Cache Counters on $Computer"
            }
            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
            Write-Verbose -Message "Searching for Buffer Manager Counters on $Computer"
            try {
                $availablecounters = (Get-Counter -ListSet "*Buffer Manager*" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).paths
                (Get-Counter -Counter $availablecounters -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).countersamples |
                    Where-Object { $_.Path -match $BufManpagecounters } |
                    ForEach-Object {
                    $instance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[0]
                    if ($instance -eq 'sqlserver') { $instance = 'mssqlserver' }
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName    = $env:computername
                        SqlInstance     = $instance
                        CounterInstance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[1]
                        Counter         = $_.Path.split("\")[-1]
                        Pages           = $_.cookedvalue
                        Memory          = $_.cookedvalue * 8192 / 1048576.0
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                Write-Verbose -Message "No Buffer Manager Counters on $Computer"
            }
            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
            Write-Verbose -Message "Searching for SSAS Counters on $Computer"
            try {
                $availablecounters = (Get-Counter -ListSet "MSAS*:Memory" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).paths
                (Get-Counter -Counter $availablecounters -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).countersamples |
                    Where-Object { $_.Path -match $SSAScounters } |
                    ForEach-Object {
                    $instance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[0]
                    if ($instance -eq 'sqlserver') { $instance = 'mssqlserver' }
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName    = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        SqlInstance     = $instance
                        CounterInstance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[1]
                        Counter         = $_.Path.split("\")[-1]
                        Pages           = $null
                        Memory          = $_.cookedvalue / 1024
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                Write-Verbose -Message "No SSAS Counters on $Computer"
            }
            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
            Write-Verbose -Message "Searching for SSIS Counters on $Computer"
            try {
                $availablecounters = (Get-Counter -ListSet "*SSIS*" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).paths
                (Get-Counter -Counter $availablecounters -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).countersamples |
                    Where-Object { $_.Path -match $SSIScounters } |
                    ForEach-Object {
                    $instance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[0]
                    if ($instance -eq 'sqlserver') { $instance = 'mssqlserver' }
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName    = $env:computername
                        SqlInstance     = $instance
                        CounterInstance = (($_.Path.split("\")[-2]).replace("mssql`$", "")).split(':')[1]
                        Counter         = $_.Path.split("\")[-1]
                        Pages           = $null
                        Memory          = $_.cookedvalue / 1024 / 1024
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                Write-Verbose -Message "No SSIS Counters on $Computer"
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
            $reply = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            if ($reply.FullComputerName) {
                $Computer = $reply.FullComputerName
                try {
                    foreach ($result in (Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -argumentlist $Memcounters, $Plancounters, $BufManpagecounters, $SSAScounters, $SSIScounters)) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName    = $result.ComputerName
                            SqlInstance     = $result.SqlInstance
                            CounterInstance = $result.CounterInstance
                            Counter         = $result.Counter
                            Pages           = $result.Pages
                            Memory          = [dbasize]($result.Memory * 1024 * 1024)
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't resolve $Computer."
                Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaModule {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays all objects in sys.sys_modules after specified modification date.  Works on SQL Server 2008 and above.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Quickly find modules (Stored Procs, Functions, Views, Constraints, Rules, Triggers, etc) that have been modified in a database, or across all databases.
        Results will exclude the module definition, but can be queried explicitly.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude.

    .PARAMETER ModifiedSince
        DateTime value to use as minimum modified date of module.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Limit by specific type of module. Valid choices include: View, TableValuedFunction, DefaultConstraint, StoredProcedure, Rule, InlineTableValuedFunction, Trigger, ScalarFunction

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemDatabases
        Allows you to suppress output on system databases

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemObjects
        Allows you to suppress output on system objects

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: StoredProcedure, Trigger
        Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaModule

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaModule -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Return all modules for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012 sorted by Database, Modify_Date ASC.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaModule -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012 | Select *

        Shows hidden definition column (informative wall of text).

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaModule -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB -ModifiedSince "2017-01-01 10:00:00"

        Return all modules on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database with a modified date after 1 January 2017 10:00:00 AM.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaModule -SqlInstance sql2008 -Type View, Trigger, ScalarFunction

        Return all modules on server sql2008 for all databases that are triggers, views or scalar functions.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [datetime]$ModifiedSince = "1900-01-01",
        [ValidateSet("View", "TableValuedFunction", "DefaultConstraint", "StoredProcedure", "Rule", "InlineTableValuedFunction", "Trigger", "ScalarFunction")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemDatabases,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemObjects,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $types = @()

        foreach ($t in $type) {
            if ($t -eq "View") { $types += "VIEW" }
            if ($t -eq "TableValuedFunction") { $types += "SQL_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION" }
            if ($t -eq "DefaultConstraint") { $types += "DEFAULT_CONSTRAINT" }
            if ($t -eq "StoredProcedure") { $types += "SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE" }
            if ($t -eq "Rule") { $types += "RULE" }
            if ($t -eq "InlineTableValuedFunction") { $types += "SQL_INLINE_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION" }
            if ($t -eq "Trigger") { $types += "SQL_TRIGGER" }
            if ($t -eq "ScalarFunction") { $types += "SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION" }
        }


        $sql = "SELECT  DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName,
        so.name AS ModuleName,
        so.object_id ,
        SCHEMA_NAME(so.schema_id) AS SchemaName ,
        so.parent_object_id ,
        so.type ,
        so.type_desc ,
        so.create_date ,
        so.modify_date ,
        so.is_ms_shipped ,
        sm.definition,
         OBJECTPROPERTY(so.object_id, 'ExecIsStartUp') as startup
        FROM sys.sql_modules sm
        LEFT JOIN sys.objects so ON sm.object_id = so.object_id
        WHERE so.modify_date >= '$($ModifiedSince)'"
        if ($ExcludeSystemObjects) {
            $sql += "`n AND so.is_ms_shipped = 0"
        }
        if ($Type) {
            $sqltypes = $types -join "','"
            $sql += " AND type_desc in ('$sqltypes')"
        }
        $sql += "`n ORDER BY so.modify_date"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }


            foreach ($db in $databases) {

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping database." -Target $db -Continue
                }

                foreach ($row in $server.Query($sql, $db.name)) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName  = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName  = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database      = $row.DatabaseName
                        Name          = $row.ModuleName
                        ObjectID      = $row.object_id
                        SchemaName    = $row.SchemaName
                        Type          = $row.type_desc
                        CreateDate    = $row.create_date
                        ModifyDate    = $row.modify_date
                        IsMsShipped   = $row.is_ms_shipped
                        ExecIsStartUp = $row.startup
                        Definition    = $row.definition
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Definition
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaSqlModule
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Get-DbaMsdtc {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays information about the Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MSDTC) on a server

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns a custom object with Computer name, state of the MSDTC Service, security settings of MSDTC and CID's

        Requires: Windows administrator access on Servers

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Msdtc, dtc
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@powerdbaklaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaMsdtc

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaMsdtc -ComputerName srv0042

        Get DTC status for the server srv0042

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $Computers = (Get-Content D:\configfiles\SQL\MySQLInstances.txt | % {$_.split('\')[0]})
        PS C:\> $Computers | Get-DbaMsdtc

        Get DTC status for all the computers in a .txt file

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaMsdtc -Computername $Computers | where { $_.dtcservicestate -ne 'running' }

        Get DTC status for all the computers where the MSDTC Service is not running

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaMsdtc -ComputerName srv0042 | Out-Gridview

        Get DTC status for the computer srv0042 and show in a grid view

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('cn', 'host', 'Server')]
        [string[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
    )

    begin {
        $ComputerName = $ComputerName | ForEach-Object {$_.split("\")[0]} | Select-Object -Unique
        $query = "Select * FROM Win32_Service WHERE Name = 'MSDTC'"
        $dtcSecurity = {
            Get-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\MSDTC\Security |
                Select-Object PSPath, PSComputerName, AccountName, networkDTCAccess,
            networkDTCAccessAdmin, networkDTCAccessClients, networkDTCAccessInbound,
            networkDTCAccessOutBound, networkDTCAccessTip, networkDTCAccessTransactions, XATransactions
        }
        $dtcCids = {
            New-PSDrive -Name HKCR -PSProvider Registry -Root HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT | Out-Null
            Get-ItemProperty -Path HKCR:\CID\*\Description |
                Select-Object @{ l = 'Data'; e = { $_.'(default)' } }, @{ l = 'CID'; e = { $_.PSParentPath.split('\')[-1] } }
            Remove-PSDrive -Name HKCR | Out-Null
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $reg = $cids = $null
            $cidHash = @{}
            if ( Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $computer ) {
                $dtcservice = $null
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting DTC on $computer via WSMan"
                $dtcservice = Get-Ciminstance -ComputerName $computer -Query $query
                if ( $null -eq $dtcservice ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to CIM on $computer via WSMan"
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting MSDTC Security Registry Values on $computer"
                $reg = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $computer -ScriptBlock $dtcSecurity
                if ( $null -eq $reg ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to MSDTC Security registry on $computer"
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting MSDTC CID Registry Values on $computer"
                $cids = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $computer -ScriptBlock $dtcCids
                if ( $null -ne $cids ) {
                    foreach ($key in $cids) {
                        $cidHash.Add($key.Data, $key.CID)
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to MSDTC CID registry on $computer"
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "PSRemoting is not enabled on $computer"
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed To get DTC via WinRM. Getting DTC on $computer via DCom"
                    $SessionParams = @{ }
                    $SessionParams.ComputerName = $Computer
                    $SessionParams.SessionOption = (New-CimSessionOption -Protocol Dcom)
                    $Session = New-CimSession @SessionParams
                    $dtcservice = Get-Ciminstance -CimSession $Session -Query $query
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to CIM on $computer via DCom" -Target $computer -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
            if ( $dtcservice ) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName                 = $dtcservice.PSComputerName
                    DTCServiceName               = $dtcservice.DisplayName
                    DTCServiceState              = $dtcservice.State
                    DTCServiceStatus             = $dtcservice.Status
                    DTCServiceStartMode          = $dtcservice.StartMode
                    DTCServiceAccount            = $dtcservice.StartName
                    DTCCID_MSDTC                 = $cidHash['MSDTC']
                    DTCCID_MSDTCUIS              = $cidHash['MSDTCUIS']
                    DTCCID_MSDTCTIPGW            = $cidHash['MSDTCTIPGW']
                    DTCCID_MSDTCXATM             = $cidHash['MSDTCXATM']
                    networkDTCAccess             = $reg.networkDTCAccess
                    networkDTCAccessAdmin        = $reg.networkDTCAccessAdmin
                    networkDTCAccessClients      = $reg.networkDTCAccessClients
                    networkDTCAccessInbound      = $reg.networkDTCAccessInbound
                    networkDTCAccessOutBound     = $reg.networkDTCAccessOutBound
                    networkDTCAccessTip          = $reg.networkDTCAccessTip
                    networkDTCAccessTransactions = $reg.networkDTCAccessTransactions
                    XATransactions               = $reg.XATransactions
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaNetworkActivity {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the Current traffic on every Network Interface on a computer.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the Current traffic on every Network Interface on a computer.
        See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394293(v=vs.85).aspx

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Network
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaNetworkActivity

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaNetworkActivity -ComputerName sqlserver2014a

        Gets the Current traffic on every Network Interface on computer sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Get-DbaNetworkActivity

        Gets the Current traffic on every Network Interface on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaNetworkActivity -ComputerName sql1,sql2 | Out-Gridview

        Gets the Current traffic on every Network Interface on computers sql1 and sql2, and shows them in a grid view.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [string[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential] $Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $ComputerName = $ComputerName | ForEach-Object {$_.split("\")[0]} | Select-Object -Unique
        $sessionoption = New-CimSessionOption -Protocol DCom
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $Server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $credential
            if ( $Server.FullComputerName ) {
                $Computer = $server.FullComputerName
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CIMSession on $computer over WSMan"
                $CIMsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                if ( -not $CIMSession ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CIMSession on $computer over WSMan failed. Creating CIMSession on $computer over DCom"
                    $CIMsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -SessionOption $sessionoption -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                }
                if ( $CIMSession ) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting properties for Network Interfaces on $computer"
                    $NICs = Get-CimInstance -CimSession $CIMSession -ClassName Win32_PerfFormattedData_Tcpip_NetworkInterface
                    $NICs | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptProperty -Name ComputerName -Value { $computer }
                    $NICs | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptProperty -Name Bandwith -Value { switch ( $this.CurrentBandWidth ) { 10000000000 { '10Gb' } 1000000000 { '1Gb' } 100000000 { '100Mb' } 10000000 { '10Mb' } 1000000 { '1Mb' } 100000 { '100Kb' } default { 'Low' } } }
                    foreach ( $NIC in $NICs ) { Select-DefaultView -InputObject $NIC -Property 'ComputerName', 'Name as NIC', 'BytesReceivedPersec', 'BytesSentPersec', 'BytesTotalPersec', 'Bandwidth'}
                } #if CIMSession
                else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't create CIMSession on $computer"
                }
            } #if computername
            else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "can't connect to $computer"
            }
        } #foreach computer
    } #PROCESS
} #function
function Get-DbaNetworkCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Simplifies finding computer certificates that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets computer certificates on localhost that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
       The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost. If target is a cluster, you must specify the distinct nodes.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaNetworkCertificate

        Gets computer certificates on localhost that are candidates for using with SQL Server's network encryption

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaNetworkCertificate -ComputerName sql2016

        Gets computer certificates on sql2016 that are being used for SQL Server network encryption

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    
    process {
        # Registry access
        
        
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {

            try {
                $sqlwmis = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -match "SQL Server \("
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message $_ -Target $sqlwmi -Continue
            }

            foreach ($sqlwmi in $sqlwmis) {

                $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
                $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
                $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(
                $serviceaccount = $sqlwmi.ServiceAccount

                if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                    $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                    if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                        $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                        $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $env:COMPUTERNAME"
                        return
                    }
                }

                if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) { $vsname = $computer }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Regroot: $regroot"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "ServiceAcct: $serviceaccount"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "InstanceName: $instancename"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "VSNAME: $vsname"

                $scriptblock = {
                    $regroot = $args[0]
                    $serviceaccount = $args[1]
                    $instancename = $args[2]
                    $vsname = $args[3]

                    $regpath = "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$regroot\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib"

                    $thumbprint = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Certificate

                    try {
                        $cert = Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine -Recurse -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object Thumbprint -eq $Thumbprint
                    } catch {
                        # Don't care - sometimes there's errors that are thrown for apparent good reason
                        # here to avoid an empty catch
                        $null = 1
                    }

                    if (!$cert) { continue }

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName   = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        InstanceName   = $instancename
                        SqlInstance    = $vsname
                        ServiceAccount = $serviceaccount
                        FriendlyName   = $cert.FriendlyName
                        DnsNameList    = $cert.DnsNameList
                        Thumbprint     = $cert.Thumbprint
                        Generated      = $cert.NotBefore
                        Expires        = $cert.NotAfter
                        IssuedTo       = $cert.Subject
                        IssuedBy       = $cert.Issuer
                        Certificate    = $cert
                    }
                }

                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $regroot, $serviceaccount, $instancename, $vsname -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop |
                        Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Certificate
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message $_ -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ComputerName -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaOpenTransaction {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays all open transactions.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command is based on open transaction script published by Paul Randal.
        Reference: https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/script-open-transactions-with-text-and-plans/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Connect using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Process, Session, ActivityMonitor
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaOpenTransaction

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaOpenTransaction -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Returns open transactions for sqlserver2014a

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaOpenTransaction -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential sqladmin

        Logs into sqlserver2014a using the login "sqladmin"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "
            SELECT  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
            ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
            SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
            [s_tst].[session_id] as Spid,
            [s_es].[login_name] as Login,
            DB_NAME (s_tdt.database_id) AS [Database],
            [s_tdt].[database_transaction_begin_time] AS [BeginTime],
            [s_tdt].[database_transaction_log_bytes_used] AS [LogBytesUsed],
            [s_tdt].[database_transaction_log_bytes_reserved] AS [LogBytesReserved],
            [s_est].text AS [LastQuery],
            [s_eqp].[query_plan] AS [LastPlan]
            FROM
                sys.dm_tran_database_transactions [s_tdt]
            JOIN
                sys.dm_tran_session_transactions [s_tst]
            ON
                [s_tst].[transaction_id] = [s_tdt].[transaction_id]
            JOIN
                sys.[dm_exec_sessions] [s_es]
            ON
                [s_es].[session_id] = [s_tst].[session_id]
            JOIN
                sys.dm_exec_connections [s_ec]
            ON
                [s_ec].[session_id] = [s_tst].[session_id]
            LEFT OUTER JOIN
                sys.dm_exec_requests [s_er]
            ON
                [s_er].[session_id] = [s_tst].[session_id]
            CROSS APPLY
                sys.dm_exec_sql_text ([s_ec].[most_recent_sql_handle]) AS [s_est]
            OUTER APPLY
                sys.dm_exec_query_plan ([s_er].[plan_handle]) AS [s_eqp]
            ORDER BY
                [BeginTime] ASC"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $server.Query($sql)
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaOperatingSystem {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets operating system information from the server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets operating system information from the server and returns as an object.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        Target computer(s). If no computer name is specified, the local computer is targeted

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Alternate credential object to use for accessing the target computer(s).

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ServerInfo, OperatingSystem
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton), https://wsmelton.github.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaOperatingSystem

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaOperatingSystem

        Returns information about the local computer's operating system

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaOperatingSystem -ComputerName sql2016

        Returns information about the sql2016's operating system

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $wincred = Get-Credential ad\sqladmin
        PS C:\> 'sql2016', 'sql2017' | Get-DbaOperatingSystem -Credential $wincred

        Returns information about the sql2016 and sql2017 operating systems using alternative Windows credentials

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-Content .\servers.txt | Get-DbaOperatingSystem

        Returns information about all the servers operating system that are stored in the file. Every line in the file can only contain one hostname for a server.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $computer"

            $server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Credential $Credential

            $computerResolved = $server.FullComputerName
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolved $computerResolved"

            if (!$computerResolved) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Unable to resolve hostname of $computer. Skipping."
                continue
            }

            try {
                $TestWS = Test-WSMan -ComputerName $computerResolved -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Remoting not availablle on $computer. Skipping checks"
                $TestWS = $null
            }

            $splatDbaCmObject = @{
                ComputerName    = $computerResolved
                EnableException = $true
            }
            if (Test-Bound "Credential") {
                $splatDbaCmObject["Credential"] = $Credential
            }
            if ($TestWS) {
                try {
                    $psVersion = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computerResolved -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { $PSVersionTable.PSVersion }
                    $PowerShellVersion = "$($psVersion.Major).$($psVersion.Minor)"
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "PowerShell Version information not available on $computer."
                    $PowerShellVersion = 'Unavailable'
                }
            } else {
                $PowerShellVersion = 'Unknown'
            }

            try {
                $os = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure collecting OS information on $computer" -Target $computer -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            try {
                $tz = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_TimeZone
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure collecting TimeZone information on $computer" -Target $computer -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            try {
                $powerPlan = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_PowerPlan -Namespace "root\cimv2\power"  | Select-Object ElementName, InstanceId, IsActive
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Power plan information not available on $computer."
                $powerPlan = $null
            }

            if ($powerPlan) {
                $activePowerPlan = ($powerPlan | Where-Object IsActive).ElementName -join ','
            } else {
                $activePowerPlan = 'Not Avaliable'
            }

            $language = Get-Language $os.OSLanguage

            try {
                $ss = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -Class Win32_SystemServices
                if ($ss | Select-Object PartComponent | Where-Object {$_ -like "*ClusSvc*"}) {
                    $IsWsfc = $true
                } else {
                    $IsWsfc = $false
                }
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Unable to determine Cluster State of $computer."
                $IsWsfc = $null
            }

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName             = $computerResolved
                Manufacturer             = $os.Manufacturer
                Organization             = $os.Organization
                Architecture             = $os.OSArchitecture
                Version                  = $os.Version
                Build                    = $os.BuildNumber
                OSVersion                = $os.caption;
                SPVersion                = $os.servicepackmajorversion;
                InstallDate              = [DbaDateTime]$os.InstallDate
                LastBootTime             = [DbaDateTime]$os.LastBootUpTime
                LocalDateTime            = [DbaDateTime]$os.LocalDateTime
                PowerShellVersion        = $PowerShellVersion
                TimeZone                 = $tz.Caption
                TimeZoneStandard         = $tz.StandardName
                TimeZoneDaylight         = $tz.DaylightName
                BootDevice               = $os.BootDevice
                SystemDevice             = $os.SystemDevice
                SystemDrive              = $os.SystemDrive
                WindowsDirectory         = $os.WindowsDirectory
                PagingFileSize           = $os.SizeStoredInPagingFiles
                TotalVisibleMemory       = [DbaSize]($os.TotalVisibleMemorySize * 1024)
                FreePhysicalMemory       = [DbaSize]($os.FreePhysicalMemory * 1024)
                TotalVirtualMemory       = [DbaSize]($os.TotalVirtualMemorySize * 1024)
                FreeVirtualMemory        = [DbaSize]($os.FreeVirtualMemory * 1024)
                ActivePowerPlan          = $activePowerPlan
                Status                   = $os.Status
                Language                 = $language.Name
                LanguageId               = $language.LCID
                LanguageKeyboardLayoutId = $language.KeyboardLayoutId
                LanguageTwoLetter        = $language.TwoLetterISOLanguageName
                LanguageThreeLetter      = $language.ThreeLetterISOLanguageName
                LanguageAlias            = $language.DisplayName
                LanguageNative           = $language.NativeName
                CodeSet                  = $os.CodeSet
                CountryCode              = $os.CountryCode
                Locale                   = $os.Locale
                IsWsfc                   = $IsWsfc
            } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, Manufacturer, Organization, Architecture, Version, Caption, LastBootTime, LocalDateTime, PowerShellVersion, TimeZone, TotalVisibleMemory, ActivePowerPlan, LanguageNative
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaOrphanUser {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get orphaned users.

    .DESCRIPTION
        An orphan user is defined by a user that does not have their matching login. (Login property = "").

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Orphan, Database, User, Security, Login
        Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva) | Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley) | Simone Bizzotto (@niphlod)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaOrphanUser

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance localhost\sql2016

        Finds all orphan users without matching Logins in all databases present on server 'localhost\sql2016'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance localhost\sql2016 -SqlCredential $cred

        Finds all orphan users without matching Logins in all databases present on server 'localhost\sql2016'. SQL Server authentication will be used in connecting to the server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance localhost\sql2016 -Database db1

        Finds orphan users without matching Logins in the db1 database present on server 'localhost\sql2016'.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to: $instance."
                continue
            }
            $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if ($DatabaseCollection.Count -gt 0) {
                foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
                    try {
                        #if SQL 2012 or higher only validate databases with ContainmentType = NONE
                        if ($server.versionMajor -gt 10) {
                            if ($db.ContainmentType -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ContainmentType]::None) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database '$db' is a contained database. Contained databases can't have orphaned users. Skipping validation."
                                Continue
                            }
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Validating users on database '$db'."
                        $UsersToWork = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.Login -eq "" -and ($_.ID -gt 4) -and (($_.Sid.Length -gt 16 -and $_.LoginType -in @([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::Certificate)) -eq $false) }

                        if ($UsersToWork.Count -gt 0) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Orphan users found"
                            foreach ($user in $UsersToWork) {
                                [PSCustomObject]@{
                                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                    DatabaseName = $db.Name
                                    User         = $user.Name
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No orphan users found on database '$db'."
                        }
                        #reset collection
                        $UsersToWork = $null
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "There are no databases to analyse."
            }
        }
    }

}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Get-DbaPageFileSetting {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns information on the page file configuration of the target computer.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command uses CIM (or other, related computer management tools) to detect the page file configuration of the target computer(s).

        Note that this may require local administrator privileges for the relevant computers.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.
        This can be the name of a computer, a SMO object, an IP address, an AD Computer object, a connection string or a SQL Instance.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the Computer as a different user

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: CIM
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io)
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPageFileSetting

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPageFileSetting -ComputerName ServerA,ServerB

        Returns a custom object displaying ComputerName, AutoPageFile, FileName, Status, LastModified, LastAccessed, AllocatedBaseSize, InitialSize, MaximumSize, PeakUsage, CurrentUsage  for ServerA and ServerB

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'ServerA' | Get-DbaPageFileSetting

        Returns a custom object displaying ComputerName, AutoPageFile, FileName, Status, LastModified, LastAccessed, AllocatedBaseSize, InitialSize, MaximumSize, PeakUsage, CurrentUsage  for ServerA

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "ServerInstance", "Server", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $splatDbaCmObject = @{
                ComputerName    = $computer
                EnableException = $true
            }
            if ($Credential) { $splatDbaCmObject["Credential"] = $Credential }

            try {
                $compSys = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -Query "SELECT * FROM win32_computersystem"
                if (-not $CompSys.automaticmanagedpagefile) {
                    $pagefiles = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -Query "SELECT * FROM win32_pagefile"
                    $pagefileUsages = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -Query "SELECT * FROM win32_pagefileUsage"
                    $pagefileSettings = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -Query "SELECT * FROM win32_pagefileSetting"
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to retrieve information from $($computer.ComputerName)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }

            if (-not $CompSys.automaticmanagedpagefile) {
                foreach ($file in $pagefiles) {
                    $settings = $pagefileSettings | Where-Object Name -EQ $file.Name
                    $usage = $pagefileUsages | Where-Object Name -EQ $file.Name

                    # pagefile is not automatic managed, so return settings
                    New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Computer.PageFileSetting -Property @{
                        ComputerName      = $computer.ComputerName
                        AutoPageFile      = $CompSys.automaticmanagedpagefile
                        FileName          = $file.name
                        Status            = $file.status
                        SystemManaged     = ($settings.InitialSize -eq 0) -and ($settings.MaximumSize -eq 0)
                        LastModified      = $file.LastModified
                        LastAccessed      = $file.LastAccessed
                        AllocatedBaseSize = $usage.AllocatedBaseSize # in MB, between Initial and Maximum Size
                        InitialSize       = $settings.InitialSize # in MB
                        MaximumSize       = $settings.MaximumSize # in MB
                        PeakUsage         = $usage.peakusage # in MB
                        CurrentUsage      = $usage.currentusage # in MB
                    }
                }
            } else {
                # pagefile is automatic managed, so there are no settings
                New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Computer.PageFileSetting -Property @{
                    ComputerName      = $computer
                    AutoPageFile      = $CompSys.automaticmanagedpagefile
                    FileName          = $null
                    Status            = $null
                    SystemManaged     = $null
                    LastModified      = $null
                    LastAccessed      = $null
                    AllocatedBaseSize = $null
                    InitialSize       = $null
                    MaximumSize       = $null
                    PeakUsage         = $null
                    CurrentUsage      = $null
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPbmCategory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns policy categories from policy based management from an instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns policy categories from policy based management from an instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Category
        Filters results to only show specific condition

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemObject
        By default system objects are include. Use this parameter to exclude them.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaPbmStore

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Policy, PolicyBasedManagement, PBM
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPbmCategory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmCategory -SqlInstance sql2016

        Returns all policy categories from the sql2016 PBM server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmCategory -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential $cred

        Uses a credential $cred to connect and return all policy categories from the sql2016 PBM server

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Category,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Dmf.PolicyStore[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaPbmStore -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        foreach ($store in $InputObject) {
            $all = $store.PolicyCategories

            if (-not $ExcludeSystemObject) {
                $all = $all | Where-Object IsSystemObject -ne $true
            }

            if ($Category) {
                $all = $all | Where-Object Name -in $Category
            }

            foreach ($current in $all) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $current"
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $current -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $store.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $current -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $store.InstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $current -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $store.SqlInstance
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $current -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Id, Name, MandateDatabaseSubscriptions
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPbmCategorySubscription {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns policy category subscriptions from policy based management from an instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns policy category subscriptions from policy based management from an instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaPbmStore

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Policy, PolicyBasedManagement, PBM
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPbmCategorySubscription

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmCategorySubscription -SqlInstance sql2016

        Returns all policy category subscriptions from the sql2016 PBM server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmCategorySubscription -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential $cred

        Uses a credential $cred to connect and return all policy category subscriptions from the sql2016 PBM server

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Dmf.PolicyStore[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaPbmStore -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        foreach ($store in $InputObject) {
            $all = $store.PolicycategorySubscriptions

            foreach ($current in $all) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $current"
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $current -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $store.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $current -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $store.InstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $current -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $store.SqlInstance
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $current -ExcludeProperty Properties, Urn, Parent
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPbmCondition {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns conditions from policy based management from an instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns conditions from policy based management from an instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Condition
        Filters results to only show specific condition

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemObject
        By default system objects are filtered out. Use this parameter to include them.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaPbmStore

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Policy, PolicyBasedManagement, PBM
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPbmCondition

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmCondition -SqlInstance sql2016

        Returns all conditions from the sql2016 PBM server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmCondition -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential $cred

        Uses a credential $cred to connect and return all conditions from the sql2016 PBM server

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Condition,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Dmf.PolicyStore[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaPbmStore -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        foreach ($store in $InputObject) {
            $allconditions = $store.Conditions

            if (-not $IncludeSystemObject) {
                $allconditions = $allconditions | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
            }

            if ($Condition) {
                $allconditions = $allconditions | Where-Object Name -in $Condition
            }

            foreach ($currentcondition in $allconditions) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $currentcondition"
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentcondition -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $store.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentcondition -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $store.InstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentcondition -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $store.SqlInstance
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $currentcondition -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Id, Name, CreateDate, CreatedBy, DateModified, Description, ExpressionNode, Facet, HasScript, IsSystemObject, ModifiedBy
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPbmObjectSet {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns object sets from policy based management.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns object sets from policy based management.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER ObjectSet
        Filters results to only show specific object set

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemObject
        By default system objects are filtered out. Use this parameter to include them.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaPbmStore

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Policy, PolicyBasedManagement, PBM
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPbmObjectSet

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmObjectSet -SqlInstance sql2016

        Returns all object sets from the sql2016 PBM instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmObjectSet -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential $cred

        Uses a credential $cred to connect and return all object sets from the sql2016 PBM instance

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$ObjectSet,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Dmf.PolicyStore[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaPbmStore -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        foreach ($store in $InputObject) {
            $all = $store.ObjectSets

            if (-not $IncludeSystemObject) {
                $all = $all | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
            }

            if ($ObjectSet) {
                $all = $all | Where-Object Name -in $ObjectSet
            }

            foreach ($currentset in $all) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $currentset"
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentset -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $store.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentset -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $store.InstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentset -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $store.SqlInstance
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $currentset -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Id, Name, Facet, TargetSets, IsSystemObject
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPbmPolicy {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns policies from Policy-Based Management from an instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns details of policies with the option to filter on Category and SystemObjects.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Policy
        Filters results to only show specific policy

    .PARAMETER Category
        Filters results to only show policies in the category selected

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemObject
        By default system objects are filtered out. Use this parameter to INCLUDE them .

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaPbmStore

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Policy, PolicyBasedManagement, PBM
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPbmPolicy

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmPolicy -SqlInstance sql2016

        Returns all policies from sql2016 server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmPolicy -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential $cred

        Uses a credential $cred to connect and return all policies from sql2016 instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmPolicy -SqlInstance sql2016 -Category MorningCheck

        Returns all policies from sql2016 server that part of the PolicyCategory MorningCheck

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Policy,
        [string[]]$Category,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Dmf.PolicyStore[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaPbmStore -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        foreach ($store in $InputObject) {
            $allpolicies = $store.Policies

            if (-not $IncludeSystemObject) {
                $allpolicies = $allpolicies | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
            }

            if ($Category) {
                $allpolicies = $allpolicies | Where-Object PolicyCategory -in $Category
            }

            if ($Policy) {
                $allpolicies = $allpolicies | Where-Object Name -in $Policy
            }

            foreach ($currentpolicy in $allpolicies) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $currentpolicy"
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentpolicy -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $store.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentpolicy -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $store.InstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentpolicy -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $store.SqlInstance

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $currentpolicy -ExcludeProperty HelpText, HelpLink, Urn, Properties, Metadata, Parent, IdentityKey, HasScript, PolicyEvaluationStarted, ConnectionProcessingStarted, TargetProcessed, ConnectionProcessingFinished, PolicyEvaluationFinished, PropertyMetadataChanged, PropertyChanged
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaPolicy
    }
}
function Get-DbaPbmStore {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns the policy based management store.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns the policy based management store.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Policy
        Filters results to only show specific policy

    .PARAMETER Category
        Filters results to only show policies in the category selected

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemObject
        By default system objects are filtered out. Use this parameter to include them.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Policy, PolicyBasedManagement, PBM
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPbmStore

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmStore -SqlInstance sql2016

        Return the policy store from the sql2016 instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPbmStore -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential $cred

        Uses a credential $cred to connect and return the policy store from the sql2016 instance

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
                $sqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
                # DMF is the Declarative Management Framework, Policy Based Management's old name
                $store = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.DMF.PolicyStore $sqlStoreConnection
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $store -ExcludeProperty SqlStoreConnection, ConnectionContext, Properties, Urn, Parent, DomainInstanceName, Metadata, IdentityKey, Name
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPermission {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get a list of Server and Database level permissions

    .DESCRIPTION
        Retrieves a list of permissions

        Permissions link principals to securables.
        Principals exist on Windows, Instance and Database level.
        Securables exist on Instance and Database level.
        A permission state can be GRANT, DENY or REVOKE.
        The permission type can be SELECT, CONNECT, EXECUTE and more.

        See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191291.aspx for more information

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies one or more database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies one or more database(s) to exclude from processing.

    .PARAMETER IncludeServerLevel
        If this switch is enabled, information about Server Level Permissions will be output.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemObjects
        If this switch is enabled, permissions on system securables will be excluded.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        If this switch is enabled exceptions will be thrown to the caller, which will need to perform its own exception processing. Otherwise, the function will try to catch the exception, interpret it and provide a friendly error message.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Permissions, Databases
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPermission

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPermission -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987

        Returns a custom object with Server name, Database name, permission state, permission type, grantee and securable.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPermission -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 | Format-Table -AutoSize

        Returns a formatted table displaying Server, Database, permission state, permission type, grantee, granteetype, securable and securabletype.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPermission -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 -ExcludeSystemObjects -IncludeServerLevel

        Returns a custom object with Server name, Database name, permission state, permission type, grantee and securable
        in all databases and on the server level, but not on system securables.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPermission -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database master

        Returns a custom object with permissions for the master database.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeServerLevel,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemObjects,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($ExcludeSystemObjects) {
            $ExcludeSystemObjectssql = "WHERE major_id > 0 "
        }

        $ServPermsql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                       ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                       SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance
                        , [Database] = ''
                        , [PermState] = state_desc
                        , [PermissionName] = permission_name
                        , [SecurableType] = COALESCE(o.type_desc,sp.class_desc)
                        , [Securable] = CASE	WHEN class = 100 THEN @@SERVERNAME
                                                WHEN class = 105 THEN OBJECT_NAME(major_id)
                                                ELSE OBJECT_NAME(major_id)
                                                END
                        , [Grantee] = SUSER_NAME(grantee_principal_id)
                        , [GranteeType] = pr.type_desc
                        , [revokeStatement] = 'REVOKE ' + permission_name + ' ' + COALESCE(OBJECT_NAME(major_id),'') + ' FROM [' + SUSER_NAME(grantee_principal_id) + ']'
                        , [grantStatement] = 'GRANT ' + permission_name + ' ' + COALESCE(OBJECT_NAME(major_id),'') + ' TO [' + SUSER_NAME(grantee_principal_id) + ']'
                    FROM sys.server_permissions sp
                        JOIN sys.server_principals pr ON pr.principal_id = sp.grantee_principal_id
                        LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.all_objects o ON o.object_id = sp.major_id

                    $ExcludeSystemObjectssql

                    UNION ALL
                    SELECT	  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName
                            , ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName
                            , SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance
                            , [database] = ''
                            , [PermState] = 'GRANT'
                            , [PermissionName] = pb.[permission_name]
                            , [SecurableType] = pb.class_desc
                            , [Securable] = @@SERVERNAME
                            , [Grantee] = spr.name
                            , [GranteeType] = spr.type_desc
                            , [revokestatement] = ''
                            , [grantstatement] = ''
                    FROM sys.server_principals AS spr
                    INNER JOIN sys.fn_builtin_permissions('SERVER') AS pb ON
                        spr.[name]='bulkadmin' AND pb.[permission_name]='ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS'
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='dbcreator' AND pb.[permission_name]='CREATE ANY DATABASE'
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='diskadmin' AND pb.[permission_name]='ALTER RESOURCES'
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='processadmin' AND pb.[permission_name] IN ('ALTER ANY CONNECTION', 'ALTER SERVER STATE')
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='sysadmin' AND pb.[permission_name]='CONTROL SERVER'
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='securityadmin' AND pb.[permission_name]='ALTER ANY LOGIN'
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='serveradmin'  AND pb.[permission_name] IN ('ALTER ANY ENDPOINT', 'ALTER RESOURCES','ALTER SERVER STATE', 'ALTER SETTINGS','SHUTDOWN', 'VIEW SERVER STATE')
                        OR
                        spr.[name]='setupadmin' AND pb.[permission_name]='ALTER ANY LINKED SERVER'
                    WHERE spr.[type]='R'
                    ;"

        $DBPermsql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                    ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                    SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance
                    , [Database] = DB_NAME()
                    , [PermState] = state_desc
                    , [PermissionName] = permission_name
                    , [SecurableType] = COALESCE(o.type_desc,dp.class_desc)
                    , [Securable] = CASE	WHEN class = 0 THEN DB_NAME()
                                            WHEN class = 1 THEN ISNULL(s.name + '.','')+OBJECT_NAME(major_id)
                                            WHEN class = 3 THEN SCHEMA_NAME(major_id)
                                            WHEN class = 6 THEN SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id)+'.' + t.name
                                            END
                    , [Grantee] = USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id)
                    , [GranteeType] = pr.type_desc
                    , [revokeStatement] = 'REVOKE ' + permission_name + ' ON ' + isnull(schema_name(o.object_id)+'.','')+OBJECT_NAME(major_id)+ ' FROM [' + USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id) + ']'
                    , [grantStatement] = 'GRANT ' + permission_name + ' ON ' + isnull(schema_name(o.object_id)+'.','')+OBJECT_NAME(major_id)+ ' TO [' + USER_NAME(grantee_principal_id) + ']'
                FROM sys.database_permissions dp
                    JOIN sys.database_principals pr ON pr.principal_id = dp.grantee_principal_id
                    LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.all_objects o ON o.object_id = dp.major_id
                    LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.schemas s ON s.schema_id = o.schema_id
                    LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.types t on t.user_type_id = dp.major_id

                $ExcludeSystemObjectssql

                UNION ALL
                SELECT	  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName
                        , ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName
                        , SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance
                        , [database] = DB_NAME()
                        , [PermState] = ''
                        , [PermissionName] = p.[permission_name]
                        , [SecurableType] = p.class_desc
                        , [Securable] = DB_NAME()
                        , [Grantee] = dp.name
                        , [GranteeType] = dp.type_desc
                        , [revokestatement] = ''
                        , [grantstatement] = ''
                FROM sys.database_principals AS dp
                INNER JOIN sys.fn_builtin_permissions('DATABASE') AS p ON
                    dp.[name]='db_accessadmin' AND p.[permission_name] IN ('ALTER ANY USER', 'CREATE SCHEMA')
                    OR
                    dp.[name]='db_backupoperator' AND p.[permission_name] IN ('BACKUP DATABASE', 'BACKUP LOG', 'CHECKPOINT')
                    OR
                    dp.[name] IN ('db_datareader', 'db_denydatareader') AND p.[permission_name]='SELECT'
                    OR
                    dp.[name] IN ('db_datawriter', 'db_denydatawriter') AND p.[permission_name] IN ('INSERT', 'DELETE', 'UPDATE')
                    OR
                    dp.[name]='db_ddladmin' AND
                    p.[permission_name] IN ('ALTER ANY ASSEMBLY', 'ALTER ANY ASYMMETRIC KEY',
                                            'ALTER ANY CERTIFICATE', 'ALTER ANY CONTRACT',
                                            'ALTER ANY DATABASE DDL TRIGGER', 'ALTER ANY DATABASE EVENT',
                                            'NOTIFICATION', 'ALTER ANY DATASPACE', 'ALTER ANY FULLTEXT CATALOG',
                                            'ALTER ANY MESSAGE TYPE', 'ALTER ANY REMOTE SERVICE BINDING',
                                            'ALTER ANY ROUTE', 'ALTER ANY SCHEMA', 'ALTER ANY SERVICE',
                                            'ALTER ANY SYMMETRIC KEY', 'CHECKPOINT', 'CREATE AGGREGATE',
                                            'CREATE DEFAULT', 'CREATE FUNCTION', 'CREATE PROCEDURE',
                                            'CREATE QUEUE', 'CREATE RULE', 'CREATE SYNONYM', 'CREATE TABLE',
                                            'CREATE TYPE', 'CREATE VIEW', 'CREATE XML SCHEMA COLLECTION',
                                            'REFERENCES')
                    OR
                    dp.[name]='db_owner' AND p.[permission_name]='CONTROL'
                    OR
                    dp.[name]='db_securityadmin' AND p.[permission_name] IN ('ALTER ANY APPLICATION ROLE', 'ALTER ANY ROLE', 'CREATE SCHEMA', 'VIEW DEFINITION')

                WHERE dp.[type]='R'
                    AND dp.is_fixed_role=1
                ;"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($IncludeServerLevel) {
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "T-SQL: $ServPermsql"
                $server.Query($ServPermsql)
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance."

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping database."
                    Continue
                }

                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "T-SQL: $DBPermsql"
                $db.ExecuteWithResults($DBPermsql).Tables.Rows
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gathers list of all available counters on local or remote machines.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gathers list of all available counters on local or remote machines. Note, if you pass a credential object, it will be included in the output for easy reuse in your next piped command.

        Thanks to Daniel Streefkerk for this super fast way of counters
        https://daniel.streefkerkonline.com/2016/02/18/use-powershell-to-list-all-windows-performance-counters-and-their-numeric-ids

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:

        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER Pattern
        Specify a pattern for filtering.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance, DataCollector, PerfCounter
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter

        Gets all available counters on the local machine.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter -Pattern *sql*

        Gets all counters matching sql on the local machine.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter -ComputerName sql2017 -Pattern *sql*

        Gets all counters matching sql on the remote server sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter -Pattern *sql*

        Gets all counters matching sql on the local machine.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfAvailableCounter -Pattern *sql* | Add-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -CollectorSet 'Test Collector Set' -Collector DataCollector01

        Adds all counters matching "sql" to the DataCollector01 within the 'Test Collector Set' CollectorSet.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:ComputerName,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$Pattern,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $scriptblock = {
            $counters = Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Perflib\009' -Name 'counter' | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Counter |
                Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '[0-90000]' } | Sort-Object | Get-Unique

            foreach ($counter in $counters) {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    Name         = $counter
                    Credential   = $args
                }
            }
        }

        # In case people really want a "like" search, which is slower
        $Pattern = $Pattern.Replace("*", ".*").Replace("..*", ".*")
    }
    process {
        
        
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {

            try {
                if ($pattern) {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $credential -ErrorAction Stop |
                        Where-Object Name -match $pattern | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Credential
                } else {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $credential -ErrorAction Stop |
                        Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Credential
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaPfDataCollector {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets Performance Monitor Data Collectors.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets Performance Monitor Data Collectors.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:

        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER CollectorSet
        The Collector Set name.

    .PARAMETER Collector
        The Collector name.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet via the pipeline.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance, DataCollector, PerfCounter
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPfDataCollector

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollector

        Gets all Collectors on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollector -ComputerName sql2017

        Gets all Collectors on sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollector -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 -Credential ad\sqldba -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'

        Gets all Collectors for the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet on sql2017 and sql2016 using alternative credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Get-DbaPfDataCollector

        Gets all Collectors for the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [Alias("DataCollector")]
        [string[]]$Collector,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $columns = 'ComputerName', 'DataCollectorSet', 'Name', 'DataCollectorType', 'DataSourceName', 'FileName', 'FileNameFormat', 'FileNameFormatPattern', 'LatestOutputLocation', 'LogAppend', 'LogCircular', 'LogFileFormat', 'LogOverwrite', 'SampleInterval', 'SegmentMaxRecords', 'Counters'
    }
    process {
        
        
        if ($InputObject.Credential -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential -Not)) {
            $Credential = $InputObject.Credential
        }

        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet
            }
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.DataCollectorSetObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet."
                return
            }
        }

        foreach ($set in $InputObject) {
            $collectorxml = ([xml]$set.Xml).DataCollectorSet.PerformanceCounterDataCollector
            foreach ($col in $collectorxml) {
                if ($Collector -and $Collector -notcontains $col.Name) {
                    continue
                }

                $outputlocation = $col.LatestOutputLocation
                if ($outputlocation) {
                    $dir = ($outputlocation).Replace(':', '$')
                    $remote = "\\$($set.ComputerName)\$dir"
                } else {
                    $remote = $null
                }

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName               = $set.ComputerName
                    DataCollectorSet           = $set.Name
                    Name                       = $col.Name
                    FileName                   = $col.FileName
                    DataCollectorType          = $col.DataCollectorType
                    FileNameFormat             = $col.FileNameFormat
                    FileNameFormatPattern      = $col.FileNameFormatPattern
                    LogAppend                  = $col.LogAppend
                    LogCircular                = $col.LogCircular
                    LogOverwrite               = $col.LogOverwrite
                    LatestOutputLocation       = $col.LatestOutputLocation
                    DataCollectorSetXml        = $set.Xml
                    RemoteLatestOutputLocation = $remote
                    DataSourceName             = $col.DataSourceName
                    SampleInterval             = $col.SampleInterval
                    SegmentMaxRecords          = $col.SegmentMaxRecords
                    LogFileFormat              = $col.LogFileFormat
                    Counters                   = $col.Counter
                    CounterDisplayNames        = $col.CounterDisplayName
                    CollectorXml               = $col
                    DataCollectorObject        = $true
                    Credential                 = $Credential
                } | Select-DefaultView -Property $columns
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets Performance Counters.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets Performance Counters.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:

        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER CollectorSet
        The Collector Set name.

    .PARAMETER Collector
        The Collector name.

    .PARAMETER Counter
        The Counter name to capture. This must be in the form of '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet via the pipeline.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance, DataCollector, PerfCounter
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter

        Gets all counters for all Collector Sets on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName sql2017

        Gets all counters for all Collector Sets on  on sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName sql2017 -Counter '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'

        Gets the '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time' counter on sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 -Credential ad\sqldba -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'

        Gets all counters for the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet on sql2017 and sql2016 using alternative credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Get-DbaPfDataCollector | Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter

        Gets all counters for the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [Alias("DataCollector")]
        [string[]]$Collector,
        [string[]]$Counter,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
        #$columns = 'ComputerName', 'Name', 'DataCollectorSet', 'Counters', 'DataCollectorType', 'DataSourceName', 'FileName', 'FileNameFormat', 'FileNameFormatPattern', 'LatestOutputLocation', 'LogAppend', 'LogCircular', 'LogFileFormat', 'LogOverwrite', 'SampleInterval', 'SegmentMaxRecords'
    }
    process {
        
        
        if ($InputObject.Credential -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential -Not)) {
            $Credential = $InputObject.Credential
        }

        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollector -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet -Collector $Collector
            }
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.DataCollectorObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollector."
                return
            }
        }

        foreach ($counterobject in $InputObject) {
            foreach ($countername in $counterobject.Counters) {
                if ($Counter -and $Counter -notcontains $countername) { continue }
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName        = $counterobject.ComputerName
                    DataCollectorSet    = $counterobject.DataCollectorSet
                    DataCollector       = $counterobject.Name
                    DataCollectorSetXml = $counterobject.DataCollectorSetXml
                    Name                = $countername
                    FileName            = $counterobject.FileName
                    CounterObject       = $true
                    Credential          = $Credential
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty DataCollectorObject, Credential, CounterObject, DataCollectorSetXml
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets Performance Counter Samples.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets Performance Counter Samples.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:

        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER CollectorSet
        The Collector Set name.

    .PARAMETER Collector
        The Collector name.

    .PARAMETER Counter
        The Counter name. This must be in the form of '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'.

    .PARAMETER Continuous
        If this switch is enabled, samples will be retrieved continuously until you press CTRL+C. By default, this command gets only one counter sample. You can use the SampleInterval parameter to set the interval for continuous sampling.

    .PARAMETER ListSet
        Gets the specified performance counter sets on the computers. Enter the names of the counter sets. Wildcards are permitted.

    .PARAMETER MaxSamples
        Specifies the number of samples to get from each counter. The default is 1 sample. To get samples continuously (no maximum sample size), use the Continuous parameter.

        To collect a very large data set, consider running a Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample command as a Windows PowerShell background job.

    .PARAMETER SampleInterval
        Specifies the time between samples in seconds. The minimum value and the default value are 1 second.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter via the pipeline.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance, DataCollector, PerfCounter
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample

        Gets a single sample for all counters for all Collector Sets on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample -Counter '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'

        Gets a single sample for all counters for all Collector Sets on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 | Out-GridView -PassThru | Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample -MaxSamples 10

        Gets 10 samples for all counters for all Collector Sets for servers sql2016 and sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample -ComputerName sql2017

        Gets a single sample for all counters for all Collector Sets on sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 -Credential ad\sqldba -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'

        Gets a single sample for all counters for the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet on sql2017 and sql2016 using alternative credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounterSample -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'

        Gets a single sample for all counters for the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [Alias("DataCollector")]
        [string[]]$Collector,
        [string[]]$Counter,
        [switch]$Continuous,
        [switch[]]$ListSet,
        [int]$MaxSamples,
        [int]$SampleInterval,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        
        
        if ($InputObject.Credential -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential -Not)) {
            $Credential = $InputObject.Credential
        }

        if ($InputObject.Counter -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Counter -Not)) {
            $Counter = $InputObject.Counter
        }

        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet -Collector $Collector
            }
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.CounterObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter."
                return
            }
        }

        foreach ($counterobject in $InputObject) {
            if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Counter) -and ($Counter -notcontains $counterobject.Name)) { continue }
            $params = @{
                Counter = $counterobject.Name
            }

            if (-not ([dbainstance]$counterobject.ComputerName).IsLocalHost) {
                $params.Add("ComputerName", $counterobject.ComputerName)
            }

            if ($Credential) {
                $params.Add("Credential", $Credential)
            }

            if ($Continuous) {
                $params.Add("Continuous", $Continuous)
            }

            if ($ListSet) {
                $params.Add("ListSet", $ListSet)
            }

            if ($MaxSamples) {
                $params.Add("MaxSamples", $MaxSamples)
            }

            if ($SampleInterval) {
                $params.Add("SampleInterval", $SampleInterval)
            }

            if ($Continuous) {
                Get-Counter @params
            } else {
                try {
                    $pscounters = Get-Counter @params -ErrorAction Stop
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure for $($counterobject.Name) on $($counterobject.ComputerName)." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }

                foreach ($pscounter in $pscounters) {
                    foreach ($sample in $pscounter.CounterSamples) {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName           = $counterobject.ComputerName
                            DataCollectorSet       = $counterobject.DataCollectorSet
                            DataCollector          = $counterobject.DataCollector
                            Name                   = $counterobject.Name
                            Timestamp              = $pscounter.Timestamp
                            Path                   = $sample.Path
                            InstanceName           = $sample.InstanceName
                            CookedValue            = $sample.CookedValue
                            RawValue               = $sample.RawValue
                            SecondValue            = $sample.SecondValue
                            MultipleCount          = $sample.MultipleCount
                            CounterType            = $sample.CounterType
                            SampleTimestamp        = $sample.Timestamp
                            SampleTimestamp100NSec = $sample.Timestamp100NSec
                            Status                 = $sample.Status
                            DefaultScale           = $sample.DefaultScale
                            TimeBase               = $sample.TimeBase
                            Sample                 = $pscounter.CounterSamples
                            CounterSampleObject    = $true
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Sample, CounterSampleObject
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets Performance Monitor Data Collector Set.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets Performance Monitor Data Collector Set.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:

        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER CollectorSet
        The Collector set name.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance, DataCollector, PerfCounter
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

        Gets all Collector Sets on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017

        Gets all Collector Sets on sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017 -Credential ad\sqldba -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'

        Gets the 'System Correlation' CollectorSet on sql2017 using alternative credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet | Select-Object *

        Displays extra columns and also exposes the original COM object in DataCollectorSetObject.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $setscript = {
            # Get names / status info
            $schedule = New-Object -ComObject "Schedule.Service"
            $schedule.Connect()
            $folder = $schedule.GetFolder("Microsoft\Windows\PLA")
            $tasks = @()
            $tasknumber = 0
            $done = $false
            do {
                try {
                    $task = $folder.GetTasks($tasknumber)
                    $tasknumber++
                    if ($task) {
                        $tasks += $task
                    }
                } catch {
                    $done = $true
                }
            }
            while ($done -eq $false)
            $null = [System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($schedule)

            if ($args[0]) {
                $tasks = $tasks | Where-Object Name -in $args[0]
            }

            $sets = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            foreach ($task in $tasks) {
                $setname = $task.Name
                switch ($task.State) {
                    0 { $state = "Unknown" }
                    1 { $state = "Disabled" }
                    2 { $state = "Queued" }
                    3 { $state = "Ready" }
                    4 { $state = "Running" }
                }

                try {
                    # Query changes $sets so work from there
                    $sets.Query($setname, $null)
                    $set = $sets.PSObject.Copy()

                    $outputlocation = $set.OutputLocation
                    $latestoutputlocation = $set.LatestOutputLocation

                    if ($outputlocation) {
                        $dir = (Split-Path $outputlocation).Replace(':', '$')
                        $remote = "\\$env:COMPUTERNAME\$dir"
                    } else {
                        $remote = $null
                    }

                    if ($latestoutputlocation) {
                        $dir = ($latestoutputlocation).Replace(':', '$')
                        $remotelatest = "\\$env:COMPUTERNAME\$dir"
                    } else {
                        $remote = $null
                    }

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName               = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        Name                       = $setname
                        LatestOutputLocation       = $set.LatestOutputLocation
                        OutputLocation             = $set.OutputLocation
                        RemoteOutputLocation       = $remote
                        RemoteLatestOutputLocation = $remotelatest
                        RootPath                   = $set.RootPath
                        Duration                   = $set.Duration
                        Description                = $set.Description
                        DescriptionUnresolved      = $set.DescriptionUnresolved
                        DisplayName                = $set.DisplayName
                        DisplayNameUnresolved      = $set.DisplayNameUnresolved
                        Keywords                   = $set.Keywords
                        Segment                    = $set.Segment
                        SegmentMaxDuration         = $set.SegmentMaxDuration
                        SegmentMaxSize             = $set.SegmentMaxSize
                        SerialNumber               = $set.SerialNumber
                        Server                     = $set.Server
                        Status                     = $set.Status
                        Subdirectory               = $set.Subdirectory
                        SubdirectoryFormat         = $set.SubdirectoryFormat
                        SubdirectoryFormatPattern  = $set.SubdirectoryFormatPattern
                        Task                       = $set.Task
                        TaskRunAsSelf              = $set.TaskRunAsSelf
                        TaskArguments              = $set.TaskArguments
                        TaskUserTextArguments      = $set.TaskUserTextArguments
                        Schedules                  = $set.Schedules
                        SchedulesEnabled           = $set.SchedulesEnabled
                        UserAccount                = $set.UserAccount
                        Xml                        = $set.Xml
                        Security                   = $set.Security
                        StopOnCompletion           = $set.StopOnCompletion
                        State                      = $state.Trim()
                        DataCollectorSetObject     = $true
                        TaskObject                 = $task
                        Credential                 = $args[1]
                    }
                } catch {
                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Warning -Message "Issue with getting Collector Set $setname on $env:Computername : $_."
                    continue
                }
            }
        }

        $columns = 'ComputerName', 'Name', 'DisplayName', 'Description', 'State', 'Duration', 'OutputLocation', 'LatestOutputLocation',
        'RootPath', 'SchedulesEnabled', 'Segment', 'SegmentMaxDuration', 'SegmentMaxSize',
        'SerialNumber', 'Server', 'StopOnCompletion', 'Subdirectory', 'SubdirectoryFormat',
        'SubdirectoryFormatPattern', 'Task', 'TaskArguments', 'TaskRunAsSelf', 'TaskUserTextArguments', 'UserAccount'
    }
    process {
        
        
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
            try {
                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $CollectorSet, $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Select-DefaultView -Property $columns
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Parses Perf Monitor templates. Defaults to parsing templates in the dbatools template repository (\bin\perfmontemplates\).

    .DESCRIPTION
        Parses Perf Monitor XML templates. Defaults to parsing templates in the dbatools template repository (\bin\perfmontemplates\).

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the template directory. Defaults to the dbatools template repository (\bin\perfmontemplates\).

    .PARAMETER Pattern
        Specify a pattern for filtering. Alternatively, you can use Out-GridView -Passthru to select objects and pipe them to Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate.

    .PARAMETER Template
        Specifies one or more of the templates provided by dbatools. Press tab to cycle through the list to the options.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance, DataCollector, PerfCounter
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate

        Returns information about all the templates in the local dbatools repository.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate | Out-GridView -PassThru | Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -ComputerName sql2017 | Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

        Allows you to select a template, then deploys it to sql2017 and immediately starts the DataCollectorSet.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate | Select-Object *

        Returns more information about the template, including the full path/filename.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [string[]]$Path = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\perfmontemplates\collectorsets",
        [string]$Pattern,
        [string[]]$Template,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $metadata = Import-Clixml "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\perfmontemplates\collectorsets.xml"
        # In case people really want a "like" search, which is slower
        $Pattern = $Pattern.Replace("*", ".*").Replace("..*", ".*")
    }
    process {
        
        
        foreach ($directory in $Path) {
            $files = Get-ChildItem "$directory\*.xml"

            if ($Template) {
                $files = $files | Where-Object BaseName -in $Template
            }

            foreach ($file in $files) {
                try {
                    $xml = [xml](Get-Content $file)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $file -Continue
                }

                foreach ($dataset in $xml.DataCollectorSet) {
                    $meta = $metadata | Where-Object Name -eq $dataset.name
                    if ($Pattern) {
                        if (
                            ($dataset.Name -match $Pattern) -or
                            ($dataset.Description -match $Pattern)
                        ) {
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                Name        = $dataset.name
                                Source      = $meta.Source
                                UserAccount = $dataset.useraccount
                                Description = $dataset.Description
                                Path        = $file
                                File        = $file.Name
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty File, Path
                        }
                    } else {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            Name        = $dataset.name
                            Source      = $meta.Source
                            UserAccount = $dataset.useraccount
                            Description = $dataset.Description
                            Path        = $file
                            File        = $file.Name
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty File, Path
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPlanCache {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Provides information about adhoc and prepared plan cache usage

    .DESCRIPTION
        Checks adhoc and prepared plan cache for each database, if over 100 MB you should consider using Remove-DbaQueryPlan to clear the plan caches or turning on "optimize for adhoc workloads" configuration if running 2008 or later.

        References: https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/kimberly/plan-cache-adhoc-workloads-and-clearing-the-single-use-plan-cache-bloat/

        Note: This command returns results from all SQL server instances on the destination server but the process column is specific to -SqlInstance passed.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Memory
        Author: Tracy Boggiano, databasesuperhero.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPlanCache

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPlanCache -SqlInstance sql2017

        Returns the single use plan cache usage information for SQL Server instance 2017

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPlanCache -SqlInstance sql2017 -SqlCredential sqladmin

        Returns the single use plan cache usage information for SQL Server instance 2017 using login 'sqladmin'

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $Sql = "SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
    ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
    SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance, MB = SUM(CAST((CASE WHEN usecounts = 1 AND objtype IN ('Adhoc', 'Prepared') THEN size_in_bytes ELSE 0 END) AS DECIMAL(12, 2))) / 1024 / 1024,
    UseCount = SUM(CASE WHEN usecounts = 1 AND objtype IN ('Adhoc', 'Prepared') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
    FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans;"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $results = $server.Query($sql)
            $size = [dbasize]($results.MB * 1024 * 1024)
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $results -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Size -Value $size

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $results -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Size, UseCount
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPowerPlan {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the Power Plan settings for compliance with best practices, which recommend High Performance for SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the Power Plan settings on a computer against best practices recommendations.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The server(s) to check Power Plan settings on.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Specifies a PSCredential object to use in authenticating to the server(s), instead of the current user account.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: PowerPlan
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPowerPlan

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName sql2017

        Gets the Power Plan settings for sql2017

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName sql2017 -Credential ad\admin

        Gets the Power Plan settings for sql2017 using an alternative credential

       #>
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential

            $computerResolved = $server.FullComputerName

            if (-not $computerResolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't resolve hostname. Skipping." -Continue
            }

            $splatDbaCmObject = @{
                ComputerName    = $computerResolved
                EnableException = $true
            }

            if (Test-Bound "Credential") {
                $splatDbaCmObject["Credential"] = $Credential
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Power Plan information from $computer."

            try {
                $powerPlans = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_PowerPlan -Namespace "root\cimv2\power" | Select-Object ElementName, InstanceId, IsActive
            } catch {
                if ($_.Exception -match "namespace") {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't get Power Plan Info for $computer. Unsupported operating system." -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't get Power Plan Info for $computer. Check logs for more details." -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer
                }
            }

            $powerPlan = $powerPlans | Where-Object IsActive -eq 'True' | Select-Object ElementName, InstanceID
            $powerPlan.InstanceID = $powerPlan.InstanceID.Split('{')[1].Split('}')[0]

            if ($null -eq $powerPlan.InstanceID) {
                $powerPlan.ElementName = "Unknown"
            }

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName = $computer
                InstanceId   = $powerPlan.InstanceID
                PowerPlan    = $powerPlan.ElementName
                Credential   = $Credential
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Credential, InstanceId
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaPrivilege {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the users with local privileges on one or more computers.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the users with local privileges 'Lock Pages in Memory', 'Instant File Initialization', 'Logon as Batch' on one or more computers.

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Privilege
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaPrivilege

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPrivilege -ComputerName sqlserver2014a

        Gets the local privileges on computer sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Get-DbaPrivilege

        Gets the local privileges on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPrivilege -ComputerName sql1,sql2 | Out-GridView

        Gets the local privileges on computers sql1 and sql2, and shows them in a grid view.

             #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $ResolveSID = @"
    function Convert-SIDToUserName ([string] `$SID ) {
      `$objSID = New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier (`"`$SID`")
      `$objUser = `$objSID.Translate( [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount])
      `$objUser.Value
    }
"@
        $ComputerName = $ComputerName.ComputerName | Select-Object -Unique
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            try {
                $null = Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $Computer -EnableException
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure on $computer" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Privileges on $Computer"
                $Priv = $null
                $Priv = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock {
                    $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd(""); secedit /export /cfg $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg > $NULL;
                    Get-Content $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg | Where-Object {
                        $_ -match "SeBatchLogonRight" -or $_ -match 'SeManageVolumePrivilege' -or $_ -match 'SeLockMemoryPrivilege'
                    }
                }
                if ($Priv.count -eq 0) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No users with Batch Logon, Instant File Initialization, or Lock Pages in Memory Rights on $computer"
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Batch Logon Privileges on $Computer"
                $BL = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $ResolveSID -ScriptBlock {
                    param ($ResolveSID)
                    . ([ScriptBlock]::Create($ResolveSID))
                    $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("");
                    $blEntries = (Get-Content $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg | Where-Object {
                            $_ -like "SeBatchLogonRight*"
                        })

                    if ($null -ne $blEntries) {
                        $blEntries.substring(20).split(",").replace("`*", "") | ForEach-Object {
                            Convert-SIDToUserName -SID $_
                        }
                    }

                } -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                if ($BL.count -eq 0) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No users with Batch Logon Rights on $computer"
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Instant File Initialization Privileges on $Computer"
                $ifi = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $ResolveSID -ScriptBlock {
                    param ($ResolveSID)
                    . ([ScriptBlock]::Create($ResolveSID))
                    $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("");
                    $ifiEntries = (Get-Content $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg | Where-Object {
                            $_ -like 'SeManageVolumePrivilege*'
                        })

                    if ($null -ne $ifiEntries) {
                        $ifiEntries.substring(26).split(",").replace("`*", "") | ForEach-Object {
                            Convert-SIDToUserName -SID $_
                        }
                    }

                } -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                if ($ifi.count -eq 0) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No users with Instant File Initialization Rights on $computer"
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Lock Pages in Memory Privileges on $Computer"
                $lpim = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $ResolveSID -ScriptBlock {
                    param ($ResolveSID)
                    . ([ScriptBlock]::Create($ResolveSID))
                    $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("");
                    $lpimEntries = (Get-Content $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg | Where-Object {
                            $_ -like 'SeLockMemoryPrivilege*'
                        })

                    if ($null -ne $lpimEntries) {
                        $lpimEntries.substring(24).split(",").replace("`*", "") | ForEach-Object {
                            Convert-SIDToUserName -SID $_
                        }
                    }
                } -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                if ($lpim.count -eq 0) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No users with Lock Pages in Memory Rights on $computer"
                }
                $users = @() + $BL + $ifi + $lpim | Select-Object -Unique
                $users | ForEach-Object {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName              = $computer
                        User                      = $_
                        LogonAsBatch              = $BL -contains $_
                        InstantFileInitialization = $ifi -contains $_
                        LockPagesInMemory         = $lpim -contains $_
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing secpol file on $computer"
                Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock {
                    $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd(""); Remove-Item $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg -Force > $NULL
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaProcess {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This command displays SQL Server processes.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command displays processes associated with a spid, login, host, program or database.

        Thanks to Michael J Swart at https://sqlperformance.com/2017/07/sql-performance/find-database-connection-leaks for the query to get the last executed SQL statement, minutesasleep and host process ID.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Spid
        Specifies one or more process IDs (Spid) to be displayed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Login
        Specifies one or more Login names with active processes to look for. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Hostname
        Specifies one or more hostnames with active processes to look for. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Program
        Specifies one or more program names with active processes to look for. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies one or more databases with active processes to look for. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSpid
        Specifies one ore more process IDs to exclude from display. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.

        This is the last filter to run, so even if a Spid matches another filter, it will be excluded by this filter.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemSpids
        If this switch is enabled, system Spids will be ignored.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Process, Session, ActivityMonitor
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaProcess

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Login base\ctrlb, sa

        Shows information about the processes for base\ctrlb and sa on sqlserver2014a. Windows Authentication is used in connecting to sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $credential -Spid 56, 77

        Shows information about the processes for spid 56 and 57. Uses alternative (SQL or Windows) credentials to authenticate to sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Program 'Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio'

        Shows information about the processes that were created in Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Host workstationx, server100

        Shows information about the processes that were initiated by hosts (computers/clients) workstationx and server 1000.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$Spid,
        [int[]]$ExcludeSpid,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [string[]]$Hostname,
        [string[]]$Program,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemSpids,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance $instance : $_" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            $sql = "SELECT DATEDIFF(MINUTE, s.last_request_end_time, GETDATE()) AS MinutesAsleep,
                s.session_id AS spid,
                s.host_process_id AS HostProcessId,
                t.text AS Query,
                s.login_time AS LoginTime,
                s.client_version AS ClientVersion,
                s.last_request_start_time AS LastRequestStartTime,
                s.last_request_end_time AS LastRequestEndTime,
                c.net_transport AS NetTransport,
                c.encrypt_option AS EncryptOption,
                c.auth_scheme AS AuthScheme,
                c.net_packet_size AS NetPacketSize,
                c.client_net_address AS ClientNetAddress
            FROM sys.dm_exec_connections c
            JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions s
                on c.session_id = s.session_id
            CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(c.most_recent_sql_handle) t"

            if ($server.VersionMajor -gt 8) {
                $results = $server.Query($sql)
            } else {
                $results = $null
            }

            $allsessions = @()

            $processes = $server.EnumProcesses()

            if ($Login) {
                $allsessions += $processes | Where-Object { $_.Login -in $Login -and $_.Spid -notin $allsessions.Spid }
            }

            if ($Spid) {
                $allsessions += $processes | Where-Object { ($_.Spid -in $Spid -or $_.BlockingSpid -in $Spid) -and $_.Spid -notin $allsessions.Spid }
            }

            if ($Hostname) {
                $allsessions += $processes | Where-Object { $_.Host -in $Hostname -and $_.Spid -notin $allsessions.Spid }
            }

            if ($Program) {
                $allsessions += $processes | Where-Object { $_.Program -in $Program -and $_.Spid -notin $allsessions.Spid }
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $allsessions += $processes | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Database -and $_.Spid -notin $allsessions.Spid }
            }

            if (Test-Bound -not 'Login', 'Spid', 'ExcludeSpid', 'Hostname', 'Program', 'Database') {
                $allsessions = $processes
            }

            if ($ExcludeSystemSpids -eq $true) {
                $allsessions = $allsessions | Where-Object { $_.Spid -gt 50 }
            }

            if ($Exclude) {
                $allsessions = $allsessions | Where-Object { $Exclude -notcontains $_.SPID -and $_.Spid -notin $allsessions.Spid }
            }

            foreach ($session in $allsessions) {

                if ($session.Status -eq "") {
                    $status = "sleeping"
                } else {
                    $status = $session.Status
                }

                if ($session.Command -eq "") {
                    $command = "AWAITING COMMAND"
                } else {
                    $command = $session.Command
                }

                $row = $results | Where-Object { $_.Spid -eq $session.Spid }

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Parent -value $server
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Status -value $status
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Command -value $command
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name HostProcessId -value $row.HostProcessId
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MinutesAsleep -value $row.MinutesAsleep
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LoginTime -value $row.LoginTime
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ClientVersion -value $row.ClientVersion
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastRequestStartTime -value $row.LastRequestStartTime
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastRequestEndTime -value $row.LastRequestEndTime
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name NetTransport -value $row.NetTransport
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name EncryptOption -value $row.EncryptOption
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name AuthScheme -value $row.AuthScheme
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name NetPacketSize -value $row.NetPacketSize
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ClientNetAddress -value $row.ClientNetAddress
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $session -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LastQuery -value $row.Query

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $session -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Spid, Login, LoginTime, Host, Database, BlockingSpid, Program, Status, Command, Cpu, MemUsage, LastRequestStartTime, LastRequestEndTime, MinutesAsleep, ClientNetAddress, NetTransport, EncryptOption, AuthScheme, NetPacketSize, ClientVersion, HostProcessId, IsSystem, LastQuery
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaProductKey {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Server Product Keys from local or destination SQL Servers. Works with SQL Server 2005-2017

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command find the product key for all installed instances. Clustered instances are supported as well.

        Uses key decoder by Jakob Bindslet (http://goo.gl/1jiwcB)

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Login to the target Windows instance using alternative credentials. Windows Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        This command logs into the SQL instance to gather additional information.

        Use this parameter to connect to the discovered SQL instances using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ProductKey
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaProductKey

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaProductKey -ComputerName winxp, sqlservera, sqlserver2014a, win2k8

        Gets SQL Server versions, editions and product keys for all instances within each server or workstation.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory)]
        [Alias("SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $scriptblock = {
            $versionMajor = $args[0]
            $instanceReg = $args[1]
            $edition = $args[2]

            Function Unlock-SqlInstanceKey {
                [CmdletBinding()]
                param (
                    [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                    [byte[]]$data,
                    [int]$version
                )
                try {
                    if ($version -ge 11) {
                        $binArray = ($data)[0 .. 66]
                    } else {
                        $binArray = ($data)[52 .. 66]
                    }
                    $charsArray = "B", "C", "D", "F", "G", "H", "J", "K", "M", "P", "Q", "R", "T", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "2", "3", "4", "6", "7", "8", "9"
                    for ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) {
                        $k = 0
                        for ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) {
                            $k = $k * 256 -bxor $binArray[$j]
                            $binArray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24)
                            $k = $k % 24
                        }
                        $productKey = $charsArray[$k] + $productKey
                        if (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) {
                            $productKey = "-" + $productKey
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    $productkey = "Cannot decode product key."
                }
                return $productKey
            }
            $localmachine = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryHive]::LocalMachine
            $defaultview = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryView]::Default
            $reg = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]::OpenBaseKey($localmachine, $defaultview)

            switch ($versionMajor) {
                9 {
                    $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2005 $servicePack"
                    $findkeys = $reg.OpenSubKey("$($instanceReg.Path)\ProductID", $false)
                    foreach ($findkey in $findkeys.GetValueNames()) {
                        if ($findkey -like "DigitalProductID*") {
                            $key = @("$($instanceReg.Path)\ProductID\$findkey")
                        }
                    }
                }
                10 {
                    $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2008 $servicePack"
                    if ($server.VersionMinor -eq 50) {
                        $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2008 R2 $servicePack"
                    }
                    $key = @("$($instanceReg.Path)\Setup\DigitalProductID")
                }
                11 {
                    $key = @("$($instanceReg.Path)\Setup\DigitalProductID", "$($instanceReg.Path)\ClientSetup\DigitalProductID")
                    $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2012 $servicePack"
                }
                12 {
                    $key = @("$($instanceReg.Path)\Setup\DigitalProductID", "$($instanceReg.Path)\ClientSetup\DigitalProductID")
                    $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2014 $servicePack"
                }
                13 {
                    $key = @("$($instanceReg.Path)\Setup\DigitalProductID", "$($instanceReg.Path)\ClientSetup\DigitalProductID")
                    $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2016 $servicePack"
                }
                14 {
                    $key = @("$($instanceReg.Path)\Setup\DigitalProductID", "$($instanceReg.Path)\ClientSetup\DigitalProductID")
                    $sqlversion = "SQL Server 2017 $servicePack"
                }
                default {
                    Stop-Function -Message "SQL version not currently supported." -Continue
                }
            }
            if ($edition -notlike "*Express*") {
                $sqlkey = ''
                foreach ($k in $key) {
                    $subkey = Split-Path $k
                    $binaryvalue = Split-Path $k -Leaf
                    try {
                        $binarykey = $($reg.OpenSubKey($subkey)).GetValue($binaryvalue)
                        break
                    } catch {
                        $binarykey = $null
                    }
                }

                if ($null -eq $binarykey) {
                    $sqlkey = "Could not read Product Key from registry on $env:COMPUTERNAME"
                } else {
                    try {
                        $sqlkey = Unlock-SqlInstanceKey $binarykey $versionMajor
                    } catch {
                        $sqlkey = "Unable to unlock key"
                    }
                }
            } else {
                $sqlkey = "SQL Server Express Edition"
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                Version = $sqlversion
                Key     = $sqlkey
            }
            $reg.Close()
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            try {
                $registryroot = Get-DbaRegistryRoot -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -EnableException
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't access registry for $($computer.ComputerName). Is the Remote Registry service started?" -Continue
            }

            if (-not $registryroot) {
                Stop-Function -Message "No instances found on $($computer.ComputerName)" -Continue
            }

            # Get Product Keys for all instances on the server.
            foreach ($instanceReg in $registryroot) {
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instanceReg.SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instanceReg.SqlInstance -Continue
                }

                $servicePack = $server.ProductLevel
                $versionMajor = $server.VersionMajor
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "$instance $instanceName version is $($server.VersionMajor)"

                try {
                    $results = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $server.VersionMajor, $instanceReg, $server.Edition
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                }

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Version      = $results.Version
                    Edition      = $server.Edition
                    Key          = $results.Key
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-SqlServerKey
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaSqlProductKey
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaQueryExecutionTime {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays Stored Procedures and Ad hoc queries with the highest execution times.  Works on SQL Server 2008 and above.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Quickly find slow query executions within a database.  Results will include stored procedures and individual SQL statements.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER MaxResultsPerDb
        Allows you to limit the number of results returned, as many systems can have very large amounts of query plans.  Default value is 100 results.

    .PARAMETER MinExecs
        Allows you to limit the scope to queries that have been executed a minimum number of time. Default value is 100 executions.

    .PARAMETER MinExecMs
        Allows you to limit the scope to queries with a specified average execution time.  Default value is 500 (ms).

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystem
        Allows you to suppress output on system databases

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Query, Performance
        Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaQueryExecutionTime

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaQueryExecutionTime -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Return the top 100 slowest stored procedures or statements for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaQueryExecutionTime -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB

        Return the top 100 slowest stored procedures or statements on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaQueryExecutionTime -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB -MaxResultsPerDb 100 -MinExecs 200 -MinExecMs 1000

        Return the top 100 slowest stored procedures or statements on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database, limiting results to queries with more than 200 total executions and an execution time over 1000ms or higher.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Position = 1)]
        [int]$MaxResultsPerDb = 100,
        [parameter(Position = 2)]
        [int]$MinExecs = 100,
        [parameter(Position = 3)]
        [int]$MinExecMs = 500,
        [parameter(Position = 4)]
        [Alias("ExcludeSystemDatabases")]
        [switch]$ExcludeSystem,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = ";With StatsCTE AS
            (
                SELECT
                    DB_NAME() as DatabaseName,
                    (total_worker_time / execution_count) / 1000 AS AvgExec_ms ,
                    execution_count ,
                    max_worker_time / 1000 AS MaxExec_ms ,
                    OBJECT_NAME(object_id) as ProcName,
                    object_id,
                    type_desc,
                    cached_time,
                    last_execution_time,
                    total_worker_time / 1000 as total_worker_time_ms,
                    total_elapsed_time / 1000 as total_elapsed_time_ms,
                    OBJECT_NAME(object_id) as SQLText,
                    OBJECT_NAME(object_id) as full_statement_text
                FROM    sys.dm_exec_procedure_stats
                WHERE   database_id = DB_ID()"

        if ($MinExecs) { $sql += "`n AND execution_count >= " + $MinExecs }
        if ($MinExecMs) { $sql += "`n AND (total_worker_time / execution_count) / 1000 >= " + $MinExecMs }

        $sql += "`n UNION
            SELECT
                DB_NAME() as DatabaseName,
                ( qs.total_worker_time / qs.execution_count ) / 1000 AS AvgExec_ms ,
                qs.execution_count ,
                qs.max_worker_time / 1000 AS MaxExec_ms ,
                OBJECT_NAME(st.objectid) as ProcName,
                   st.objectid as [object_id],
                   'STATEMENT' as type_desc,
                   '1901-01-01 00:00:00' as cached_time,
                    qs.last_execution_time,
                    qs.total_worker_time / 1000 as total_worker_time_ms,
                    qs.total_elapsed_time / 1000 as total_elapsed_time_ms,
                    SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2)+1, 50) + '...' AS SQLText,
                    SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2)+1,
                        ((CASE qs.statement_end_offset
                          WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)
                         ELSE qs.statement_end_offset
                         END - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) AS full_statement_text
            FROM    sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
            CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(qs.plan_handle) as pa
            CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) as st
            WHERE st.dbid = DB_ID() OR (pa.attribute = 'dbid' and pa.value = DB_ID())"

        if ($MinExecs) { $sql += "`n AND execution_count >= " + $MinExecs }
        if ($MinExecMs) { $sql += "`n AND (total_worker_time / execution_count) / 1000 >= " + $MinExecMs }

        if ($MaxResultsPerDb) { $sql += ")`n SELECT TOP " + $MaxResultsPerDb }
        else {
            $sql += ")
                        SELECT "
        }

        $sql += "`n     DatabaseName,
                        AvgExec_ms,
                        execution_count,
                        MaxExec_ms,
                        ProcName,
                        object_id,
                        type_desc,
                        cached_time,
                        last_execution_time,
                        total_worker_time_ms,
                        total_elapsed_time_ms,
                        SQLText,
                        full_statement_text
                    FROM StatsCTE "

        if ($MinExecs -or $MinExecMs) {
            $sql += "`n WHERE `n"

            if ($MinExecs) {
                $sql += " execution_count >= " + $MinExecs
            }

            if ($MinExecMs -gt 0 -and $MinExecs) {
                $sql += "`n AND AvgExec_ms >= " + $MinExecMs
            } elseif ($MinExecMs) {
                $sql += "`n AvgExecs_ms >= " + $MinExecMs
            }
        }

        $sql += "`n ORDER BY AvgExec_ms DESC"
    }
    process {
        if (!$MaxResultsPerDb -and !$MinExecs -and !$MinExecMs) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Results may take time, depending on system resources and size of buffer cache."
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Consider limiting results using -MaxResultsPerDb, -MinExecs and -MinExecMs parameters."
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases
            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeSystem) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping database."
                    continue
                }

                try {
                    foreach ($row in $db.ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables.Rows) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName       = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database           = $row.DatabaseName
                            ProcName           = $row.ProcName
                            ObjectID           = $row.object_id
                            TypeDesc           = $row.type_desc
                            Executions         = $row.Execution_Count
                            AvgExecMs          = $row.AvgExec_ms
                            MaxExecMs          = $row.MaxExec_ms
                            CachedTime         = $row.cached_time
                            LastExecTime       = $row.last_execution_time
                            TotalWorkerTimeMs  = $row.total_worker_time_ms
                            TotalElapsedTimeMs = $row.total_elapsed_time_ms
                            SQLText            = $row.SQLText
                            FullStatementText  = $row.full_statement_text
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty FullStatementText
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not process $db on $instance" -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaRegistryRoot {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Uses SQL WMI to find the Registry Root of each SQL Server instance on a computer

    .DESCRIPTION
        Uses SQL WMI to find the Registry Root of each SQL Server instance on a computer

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. This is not a SQL Server service, though if you pass a named SQL instance, it'll parse properly down to the computer name

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative Windows credentials

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Configuration, Registry
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRegistryRoot

        Gets the registry root for all instances on localhost

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRegistryRoot -ComputerName server1

        Gets the registry root for all instances on server1

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            try {
                $sqlwmis = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -match "SQL Server \("
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message $_ -Target $sqlwmi -Continue
            }

            foreach ($sqlwmi in $sqlwmis) {

                $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
                $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
                $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(

                if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                    $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                    if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                        $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                        $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $env:COMPUTERNAME"
                        return
                    }
                }

                # vsname takes care of clusters
                if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) {
                    $vsname = $computer
                    if ($instancename -ne "MSSQLSERVER") {
                        $vsname = "$($computer.ComputerName)\$instancename"
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Regroot: $regroot"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "InstanceName: $instancename"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "VSNAME: $vsname"

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $computer.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $instancename
                    SqlInstance  = $vsname
                    Hive         = "HKLM"
                    Path         = $regroot
                    RegistryRoot = "HKLM:\$regroot"
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaSqlRegistryRoot
    }
}
function Get-DbaRepDistributor {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the information about a replication distributor for a given SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function locates and enumerates distributor information for a given SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Replication
        Author: William Durkin (@sql_williamd)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaRepDistributor

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRepDistributor -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Retrieve distributor information for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Position = 1)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($null -eq [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SqlServer.RMO")) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Replication management objects not available. Please install SQL Server Management Studio."
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            # connect to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to retrieve distributor information from $instance"

            # Connect to the distributor of the instance
            try {
                $sourceSqlConn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
                $distributor = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Replication.ReplicationServer $sourceSqlConn
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $distributor -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $distributor -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $distributor -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $distributor -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, IsPublisher, IsDistributor, DistributionServer, DistributionDatabase, DistributorInstalled, DistributorAvailable, HasRemotePublisher
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaDistributor
    }
}
function Get-DbaRepPublication {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays all publications for a server or database.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Quickly find all transactional, merge, and snapshot publications on a specific server or database.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER PublicationType
        Limit by specific type of publication. Valid choices include: Transactional, Merge, Snapshot

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        byng this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Replication
        Author: Colin Douglas

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaRepPublication

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRepPublication -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Return all publications for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRepPublication -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB

        Return all publications on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRepPublication -SqlInstance sql2008 -PublicationType Transactional

        Return all publications on server sql2008 for all databases that have Transactional publications

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet("Transactional", "Merge", "Snapshot")]
        [object[]]$PublicationType,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            # Connect to Publisher
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbList = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbList = $dbList | Where-Object name -in $Database
            }

            $dbList = $dbList | Where-Object { ($_.ID -gt 4) -and ($_.status -ne "Offline") }


            foreach ($db in $dbList) {

                if (($db.ReplicationOptions -ne "Published") -and ($db.ReplicationOptions -ne "MergePublished")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping $($db.name). Database is not published."
                }

                $repDB = Connect-ReplicationDB -Server $server -Database $db

                $pubTypes = $repDB.TransPublications + $repDB.MergePublications

                if ($PublicationType) {
                    $pubTypes = $pubTypes | Where-Object Type -in $PublicationType
                }

                foreach ($pub in $pubTypes) {

                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName    = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName    = $server.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance     = $server.SqlInstance
                        Server          = $server.name
                        Database        = $db.name
                        PublicationName = $pub.Name
                        PublicationType = $pub.Type
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaRepServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets a replication server object

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets a replication server object

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Replication
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRepServer -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets the replication server object for sql2016 using Windows authentication

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRepServer -SqlInstance sql2016 -SqlCredential repadmin

        Gets the replication server object for sql2016 using SQL authentication

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
                New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Replication.ReplicationServer $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaResourceGovernor {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the Resource Governor object

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the Resource Governor object

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ResourceGovernor
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaResourceGovernor

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaResourceGovernor -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets the resource governor object of the SqlInstance sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaResourceGovernor

        Gets the resource governor object on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $resourcegov = $server.ResourceGovernor

            if ($resourcegov) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $resourcegov -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $resourcegov -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $resourcegov -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
            }

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $resourcegov -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ClassifierFunction, Enabled, MaxOutstandingIOPerVolume, ReconfigurePending, ResourcePools, ExternalResourcePools
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaRgClassifierFunction {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the Resource Governor custom classifier Function

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the Resource Governor custom classifier Function which is used for customize the workload groups usage

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows input to be piped from Get-DbaResourceGovernor

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, ResourceGovernor
        Author: Alessandro Alpi (@suxstellino), alessandroalpi.blog

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaRgClassifierFunction

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRgClassifierFunction -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets the classifier function from sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaResourceGovernor | Get-DbaRgClassifierFunction

        Gets the classifier function object on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ResourceGovernor[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaResourceGovernor -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }

        foreach ($resourcegov in $InputObject) {
            $server = $resourcegov.Parent
            $classifierFunction = $null

            foreach ($currentFunction in $server.Databases["master"].UserDefinedFunctions) {
                $fullyQualifiedFunctionName = [string]::Format("[{0}].[{1}]", $currentFunction.Schema, $currentFunction.Name)
                if ($fullyQualifiedFunctionName -eq $InputObject.ClassifierFunction) {
                    $classifierFunction = $currentFunction
                }
            }

            if ($classifierFunction) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $classifierFunction -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $resourcegov.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $classifierFunction -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $resourcegov.InstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $classifierFunction -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $resourcegov.SqlInstance
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $classifierFunction -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value 'master'
            }

            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $classifierFunction -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Schema, CreateDate, DateLastModified, Name, DataType
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaRgResourcePool {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets Resource Governor Pool objects, including internal or external

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets Resource Governor Pool objects, including internal or external

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows input to be piped from Get-DbaResourceGovernor

    .PARAMETER Type
        Internal or External

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ResourceGovernor
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaRgResourcePool

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRgResourcePool -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets the internal resource pools on sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaResourceGovernor | Get-DbaRgResourcePool

        Gets the internal resource pools on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress instances

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Sql1','Sql2/sqlexpress' | Get-DbaResourceGovernor | Get-DbaRgResourcePool -Type External

        Gets the external resource pools on Sql1 and Sql2/sqlexpress instances


    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet("Internal", "External")]
        [string]$Type = "Internal",
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ResourceGovernor[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaResourceGovernor -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }

        foreach ($resourcegov in $InputObject) {
            if ($Type -eq "External") {
                $respool = $resourcegov.ExternalResourcePools
                if ($respool) {
                    $respool | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $resourcegov.ComputerName
                    $respool | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $resourcegov.InstanceName
                    $respool | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $resourcegov.SqlInstance
                    $respool | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Id, Name, CapCpuPercentage, IsSystemObject, MaximumCpuPercentage, MaximumIopsPerVolume, MaximumMemoryPercentage, MinimumCpuPercentage, MinimumIopsPerVolume, MinimumMemoryPercentage, WorkloadGroups
                }
            } else {
                $respool = $resourcegov.ResourcePools
                if ($respool) {
                    $respool | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $resourcegov.ComputerName
                    $respool | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $resourcegov.InstanceName
                    $respool | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $resourcegov.SqlInstance
                    $respool | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Id, Name, CapCpuPercentage, IsSystemObject, MaximumCpuPercentage, MaximumIopsPerVolume, MaximumMemoryPercentage, MinimumCpuPercentage, MinimumIopsPerVolume, MinimumMemoryPercentage, WorkloadGroups
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaRgWorkloadGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets all Resource Governor Pool objects, including both internal and external

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets all Resource Governor Pool objects, including both internal and external

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows input to be piped from Get-DbaRgResourcePool

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ResourceGovernor
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaRgWorkloadGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRgWorkloadGroup -SqlInstance sql2017

        Gets the workload groups on sql2017

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaResourceGovernor -SqlInstance sql2017 | Get-DbaRgResourcePool | Get-DbaRgWorkloadGroup

        Gets the workload groups on sql2017

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ResourcePool[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaRgResourcePool -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }

        foreach ($pool in $InputObject) {
            $group = $pool.WorkloadGroups
            if ($group) {
                $group | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $pool.ComputerName
                $group | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $pool.InstanceName
                $group | Add-Member -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $pool.SqlInstance
                $group | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Id, Name, ExternalResourcePoolName, GroupMaximumRequests, Importance, IsSystemObject, MaximumDegreeOfParallelism, RequestMaximumCpuTimeInSeconds, RequestMaximumMemoryGrantPercentage, RequestMemoryGrantTimeoutInSeconds
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaRunningJob {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns all non-idle Agent jobs running on the server

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns agent jobs that active on the SQL Server instance when calling the command

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piped input from Get-DbaAgentJob

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaRunningJob

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaRunningJob -SqlInstance sql2017

        Returns any active jobs on sql2017

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2017, sql2019 | Get-DbaRunningJob

        Returns all active jobs on multiple instances piped into the function.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaRunningJob

        Returns all active jobs on multiple instances piped into the function.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential | Where-Object CurrentRunStatus -ne 'Idle'
        }

        $InputObject | Where-Object CurrentRunStatus -ne 'Idle'
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaSchemaChangeHistory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets DDL changes logged in the system trace.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Queries the default system trace for any DDL changes in the specified time frame
        Only works with SQL 2005 and later, as the system trace didn't exist before then

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER Since
        A date from which DDL changes should be returned. Default is to start at the beginning of the current trace file

    .PARAMETER Object
        The name of a SQL Server object you want to look for changes on

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Backup, Database
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram - http://stuart-moore.com)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSchemaChangeHistory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSchemaChangeHistory -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all DDL changes made in all databases on the SQL Server instance localhost since the system trace began

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSchemaChangeHistory -SqlInstance localhost -Since (Get-Date).AddDays(-7)

        Returns all DDL changes made in all databases on the SQL Server instance localhost in the last 7 days

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSchemaChangeHistory -SqlInstance localhost -Database Finance, Prod -Since (Get-Date).AddDays(-7)

        Returns all DDL changes made in the Prod and Finance databases on the SQL Server instance localhost in the last 7 days

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSchemaChangeHistory -SqlInstance localhost -Database Finance -Object AccountsTable -Since (Get-Date).AddDays(-7)

        Returns all DDL changes made  to the AccountsTable object in the Finance database on the SQL Server instance localhost in the last 7 days

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [DbaDateTime]$Since,
        [string[]]$Object,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            if ($Server.Version.Major -le 8) {
                Stop-Function -Message "This command doesn't support SQL Server 2000, sorry about that"
                return
            }
            $TraceFileQuery = "select path from sys.traces where is_default = 1"

            $TraceFile = $server.Query($TraceFileQuery) | Select-Object Path

            $Databases = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) { $Databases = $Databases | Where-Object Name -in $database }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) { $Databases = $Databases | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase }

            foreach ($db in $Databases) {
                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($db.name) is not accessible, skipping"
                }

                $sql = "select SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                        ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                        SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                        tt.databasename as 'DatabaseName',
                        starttime as 'DateModified',
                        Sessionloginname as 'LoginName',
                        NTusername as 'UserName',
                        applicationname as 'ApplicationName',
                        case eventclass
                            When '46' Then 'Create'
                            when '47' Then 'Drop'
                            when '164' then 'Alter'
                        end as 'DDLOperation',
                        s.name+'.'+o.name as 'Object',
                        o.type_desc as 'ObjectType'
                        from
                        sys.objects o  inner join
                        sys.schemas s on s.schema_id=o.schema_id
                        cross apply (select * from ::fn_trace_gettable('$($TraceFile.path)',default) where ObjectID=o.object_id ) tt
                        where tt.objecttype not in (21587)
                        and tt.DatabaseID=db_id()
                        and tt.EventSubClass=0"

                if ($null -ne $since) {
                    $sql = $sql + " and tt.StartTime>'$Since' "
                }
                if ($null -ne $object) {
                    $sql = $sql + " and o.name in ('$($object -join ''',''')') "
                }

                $sql = $sql + " order by tt.StartTime asc"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Querying Database $db on $instance"
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL: $sql"

                $db.Query($sql) | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, DatabaseName, DateModified, LoginName, UserName, ApplicationName, DDLOperation, Object, ObjectType
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaServerAudit {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Security Audit information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaServerAudit command gets SQL Security Audit information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Audit
        Return only specific audits

    .PARAMETER ExcludeAudit
        Exclude specific audits

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Audit, Security, SqlAudit
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaServerAudit

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerAudit -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all Security Audits on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerAudit -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all Security Audits for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Audit,
        [string[]]$ExcludeAudit,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $audits = $server.Audits

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Audit) {
                $audits = $audits | Where-Object Name -in $Audit
            }
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExcludeAudit) {
                $audits = $audits | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeAudit
            }

            foreach ($currentaudit in $audits) {
                $directory = $currentaudit.FilePath.TrimEnd("\")
                $filename = $currentaudit.FileName
                $fullname = "$directory\$filename"
                $remote = $fullname.Replace(":", "$")
                $remote = "\\$($currentaudit.Parent.ComputerName)\$remote"

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentaudit -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $currentaudit.Parent.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentaudit -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $currentaudit.Parent.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentaudit -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $currentaudit.Parent.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentaudit -MemberType NoteProperty -Name FullName -value $fullname
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $currentaudit -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RemoteFullName -value $remote

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $currentaudit -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, 'Enabled as IsEnabled', FullName
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaServerAuditSpecification {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets SQL Security Audit Specification information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaServerAuditSpecification command gets SQL Security Audit Specification information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Audit, Security, SqlAudit
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, [email protected])
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaServerAuditSpecification

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerAuditSpecification -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all Security Audit Specifications on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerAuditSpecification -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all Security Audit Specifications for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($auditSpecification in $server.ServerAuditSpecifications) {
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $auditSpecification -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $auditSpecification -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $auditSpecification -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $auditSpecification -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, AuditName, Enabled, CreateDate, DateLastModified, Guid
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-SqlServerAuditSpecification
    }
}
function Get-DbaServerInstallDate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns the install date of a SQL Instance and Windows Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command returns:
        SqlInstallDate
        WindowsInstallDate (use -IncludeWindows)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server using SQL Authentication as a different user

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different Windows user

    .PARAMETER IncludeWindows
        Includes the Windows Server Install date information

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Install
        Author: Mitchell Hamann (@SirCaptainMitch), mitchellhamann.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaServerInstallDate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerInstallDate -SqlInstance SqlBox1\Instance2

        Returns an object with SQL Instance Install date as a string.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerInstallDate -SqlInstance winserver\sqlexpress, sql2016

        Returns an object with SQL Instance Install date as a string for both SQLInstances that are passed to the cmdlet.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sqlserver2014a', 'sql2016' | Get-DbaServerInstallDate

        Returns an object with SQL Instance Install date as a string for both SQLInstances that are passed to the cmdlet via the pipeline.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerInstallDate -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 -IncludeWindows

        Returns an object with the Windows Install date and the SQL install date as a string.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2014 | Get-DbaServerInstallDate

        Returns an object with SQL Instance install date as a string for every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2014

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]
        $Credential,
        [Switch]$IncludeWindows,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 9) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Install Date for: $instance"
                $sql = "SELECT create_date FROM sys.server_principals WHERE sid = 0x010100000000000512000000"
                [DbaDateTime]$sqlInstallDate = $server.Query($sql, 'master', $true).create_date

            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Install Date for: $instance"
                $sql = "SELECT schemadate FROM sysservers"
                [DbaDateTime]$sqlInstallDate = $server.Query($sql, 'master', $true).create_date
            }

            $WindowsServerName = $server.ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS

            if ($IncludeWindows) {
                try {
                    [DbaDateTime]$windowsInstallDate = (Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName win32_OperatingSystem -ComputerName $WindowsServerName -Credential $Credential -EnableException).InstallDate
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to: $WindowsServerName" -Continue -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }

            $object = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName       = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                SqlInstallDate     = $sqlInstallDate
                WindowsInstallDate = $windowsInstallDate
            }

            if ($IncludeWindows) {
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, SqlInstallDate, WindowsInstallDate
            } else {
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, SqlInstallDate
            }

        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaServerProtocol {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the SQL Server related server protocols on a computer.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the SQL Server related server protocols on one or more computers.

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).
        The server protocols can be enabled and disabled when retrieved via WSMan.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Protocol
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaServerProtocol

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerProtocol -ComputerName sqlserver2014a

        Gets the SQL Server related server protocols on computer sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Get-DbaServerProtocol

        Gets the SQL Server related server protocols on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerProtocol -ComputerName sql1,sql2 | Out-GridView

        Gets the SQL Server related server protocols on computers sql1 and sql2, and shows them in a grid view.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> (Get-DbaServerProtocol -ComputerName sql1 | Where { $_.DisplayName = 'via' }).Disable()

        Disables the VIA ServerNetworkProtocol on computer sql1.
        If successful, return code 0 is shown.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
            $Server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $credential
            if ($Server.FullComputerName) {
                $Computer = $server.FullComputerName
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting SQL Server namespace on $computer"
                $namespace = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $Computer -NameSpace root\Microsoft\SQLServer -Query "Select * FROM __NAMESPACE WHERE Name Like 'ComputerManagement%'" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue |
                    Where-Object { (Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $Computer -Namespace $("root\Microsoft\SQLServer\" + $_.Name) -ClassName ServerNetworkProtocol -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).count -gt 0 } |
                    Sort-Object Name -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
                if ($namespace.Name) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Cim class ServerNetworkProtocol in Namespace $($namespace.Name) on $Computer"
                    try {
                        $prot = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $Computer -Namespace $("root\Microsoft\SQLServer\" + $namespace.Name) -ClassName ServerNetworkProtocol -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                        $prot | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name Enable -Value { Invoke-CimMethod -MethodName SetEnable -InputObject $this }
                        $prot | Add-Member -Force -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name Disable -Value { Invoke-CimMethod -MethodName SetDisable -InputObject $this }
                        foreach ($protocol in $prot) { Select-DefaultView -InputObject $protocol -Property 'PSComputerName as ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'ProtocolDisplayName as DisplayName', 'ProtocolName as Name', 'MultiIpconfigurationSupport as MultiIP', 'Enabled as IsEnabled' }
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No Sql ServerNetworkProtocol found on $Computer"
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No ComputerManagement Namespace on $Computer. Please note that this function is available from SQL 2005 up."
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to $Computer"
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaServerRole {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the list of server-level roles.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the list of server-level roles for SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2005 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER ServerRole
        Server-Level role to filter results to that role only.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeServerRole
        Server-Level role to exclude from results.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeFixedRole
        Filter the fixed server-level roles. Only applies to SQL Server 2017 that supports creation of server-level roles.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ServerRole, Security
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaServerRole

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerRole -SqlInstance sql2016a

        Outputs list of server-level roles for sql2016a instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerRole -SqlInstance sql2017a -ExcludeFixedRole

        Outputs the server-level role(s) that are not fixed roles on sql2017a instance.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$ServerRole,
        [string[]]$ExcludeServerRole,
        [switch]$ExcludeFixedRole,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $serverroles = $server.Roles

            if ($ServerRole) {
                $serverroles = $serverroles | Where-Object Name -In $ServerRole
            }
            if ($ExcludeServerRole) {
                $serverroles = $serverroles | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeServerRole
            }
            if ($ExcludeFixedRole) {
                $serverroles = $serverroles | Where-Object IsFixedRole -eq $false
            }

            foreach ($role in $serverroles) {
                $members = $role.EnumMemberNames()

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $role -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Login -Value $members
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $role -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $role -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $role -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                $default = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Name as Role', 'IsFixedRole', 'DateCreated', 'DateModified'
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $role -Property $default
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaServerRoleMember {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get members of server roles for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Get-DbaServerRoleMember returns connected SMO object for server roles for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternate Windows or SQL Login Authentication. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER ServerRole
        The role(s) to process. If unspecified, all roles will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeServerRole
        The role(s) to exclude.

    .PARAMETER Login
        The login(s) to process. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeFixedRole
        Filter the fixed server-level roles. Only applies to SQL Server 2017 that supports creation of server-level roles.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ServerRole, Security, Login
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaServerRoleMember

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerRoleMember -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all members of all server roles on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerRoleMember -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all members of all server roles on the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = Get-Content C:\servers.txt
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaServerRoleMember

        Returns all members of all server roles for every server in C:\servers.txt

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerRoleMember -SqlInstance localhost -ServerRole 'sysadmin', 'dbcreator'

        Returns all members of the sysadmin or dbcreator roles on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerRoleMember -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeServerRole 'sysadmin'

        Returns all members of server-level roles other than sysadmin.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerRoleMember -SqlInstance sql2017a -ExcludeFixedRole

        Returns all members of server-level role(s) that are not fixed roles on sql2017a instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerRoleMember -SqlInstance localhost -Login 'MyFriendlyDeveloper'

        Returns all server-level role(s) for the MyFriendlyDeveloper login on localhost.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('ServerInstance', 'SqlServer')]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias('Credential')]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$ServerRole,
        [string[]]$ExcludeServerRole,
        [object[]]$Login,
        [switch]$ExcludeFixedRole,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to connect to $instance"

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message 'Failure' -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $roles = $server.Roles

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'Login') {
                $logins = Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $instance -Login $Login
                Write-Message -Level 'Verbose' -Message "Filtering by logins: $($logins -join ', ')"

                foreach ($l in $logins) {
                    $loginRoles += $l.ListMembers()
                }

                $loginRoles = $loginRoles | Select-Object -Unique
                Write-Message -Level 'Verbose' -Message "Filtering by roles: $($loginRoles -join ', ')"

                $roles = $roles | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $loginRoles }
            }

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'ServerRole') {
                $roles = $roles | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $ServerRole }
            }

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'ExcludeServerRole') {
                $roles = $roles | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $ExcludeServerRole }
            }

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'ExcludeFixedRole') {
                $roles = $roles | Where-Object { $_.IsFixedRole -eq $false }
            }

            foreach ($role in $roles) {
                Write-Message -Level 'Verbose' -Message "Getting Server Role Members for $role on $instance"

                $members = $role.EnumMemberNames()
                Write-Message -Level 'Verbose' -Message "$role members: $($members -join ', ')"

                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'Login') {
                    Write-Message -Level 'Verbose' -Message "Only returning results for $($logins.Name -join ', ')"
                    $members = $members | Where-Object { $_ -in $logins.Name }
                }

                foreach ($member in $members) {
                    $l = $server.Logins | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $member }

                    if ($l) {
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $l -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $l -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $l -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $l -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Role -Value $role.Name

                        # Select object because Select-DefaultView causes strange behaviors when assigned to a variable (??)
                        Select-Object -InputObject $l -Property 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Role', 'Name'
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaServerTrigger {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get all existing server triggers on one or more SQL instances.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Get all existing server triggers on one or more SQL instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Trigger
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaServerTrigger

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerTrigger -SqlInstance sql2017

        Returns all server triggers on sql2017

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($trigger in $server.Triggers) {
                try {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $trigger -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $trigger -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $trigger -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $trigger -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, AnsiNullsStatus, AssemblyName, BodyStartIndex, ClassName, CreateDate, DateLastModified, DdlTriggerEvents, ExecutionContext, ExecutionContextLogin, ImplementationType, IsDesignMode, IsEnabled, IsEncrypted, IsSystemObject, MethodName, QuotedIdentifierStatus, State, TextHeader, TextMode
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaService {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets the SQL Server related services on a computer.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets the SQL Server related services on one or more computers.

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER InstanceName
        Only returns services that belong to the specific instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Use -Type to collect only services of the desired SqlServiceType.
        Can be one of the following: "Agent","Browser","Engine","FullText","SSAS","SSIS","SSRS", "PolyBase"

    .PARAMETER ServiceName
        Can be used to specify service names explicitly, without looking for service types/instances.

    .PARAMETER AdvancedProperties
        Collect additional properties from the SqlServiceAdvancedProperty Namespace
        This collects information about Version, Service Pack Level", SkuName, Clustered status and the Cluster Service Name
        This adds additional overhead to the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Service, SqlServer, Instance, Connect
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaService

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaService -ComputerName sqlserver2014a

        Gets the SQL Server related services on computer sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Get-DbaService -AdvancedProperties

        Gets the SQL Server related services on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3. Includes Advanced Properties from the SqlServiceAdvancedProperty Namespace

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential WindowsUser
        PS C:\> Get-DbaService -ComputerName sql1,sql2 -Credential $cred  | Out-GridView

        Gets the SQL Server related services on computers sql1 and sql2 via the user WindowsUser, and shows them in a grid view.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaService -ComputerName sql1,sql2 -InstanceName MSSQLSERVER

        Gets the SQL Server related services related to the default instance MSSQLSERVER on computers sql1 and sql2.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaService -ComputerName $MyServers -Type SSRS

        Gets the SQL Server related services of type "SSRS" (Reporting Services) on computers in the variable MyServers.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $MyServers =  Get-Content .\servers.txt
        PS C:\> Get-DbaService -ComputerName $MyServers -ServiceName MSSQLSERVER,SQLSERVERAGENT

        Gets the SQL Server related services with ServiceName MSSQLSERVER or SQLSERVERAGENT  for all the servers that are stored in the file. Every line in the file can only contain one hostname for a server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $services = Get-DbaService -ComputerName sql1 -Type Agent,Engine
        PS C:\> $services.ChangeStartMode('Manual')

        Gets the SQL Server related services of types Sql Agent and DB Engine on computer sql1 and changes their startup mode to 'Manual'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> (Get-DbaService -ComputerName sql1 -Type Engine).Restart($true)

        Calls a Restart method for each Engine service on computer sql1.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Search")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Position = 1)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Search")]
        [Alias("Instance")]
        [string[]]$InstanceName,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Search")]
        [ValidateSet("Agent", "Browser", "Engine", "FullText", "SSAS", "SSIS", "SSRS", "PolyBase")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServiceName")]
        [string[]]$ServiceName,
        [switch]$AdvancedProperties,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #Dictionary to transform service type IDs into the names from Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Wmi.ManagedComputer.Services.Type
        $ServiceIdMap = @(
            @{ Name = "Engine"; Id = 1 },
            @{ Name = "Agent"; Id = 2 },
            @{ Name = "FullText"; Id = 3, 9 },
            @{ Name = "SSIS"; Id = 4 },
            @{ Name = "SSAS"; Id = 5 },
            @{ Name = "SSRS"; Id = 6 },
            @{ Name = "Browser"; Id = 7 },
            @{ Name = "PolyBase"; Id = 10, 11 },
            @{ Name = "Unknown"; Id = 8 }
        )
        if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -match 'Search') {
            if ($Type) {
                $searchClause = ""
                foreach ($itemType in $Type) {
                    foreach ($id in ($ServiceIdMap | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $itemType }).Id) {
                        if ($searchClause) { $searchClause += ' OR ' }
                        $searchClause += "SQLServiceType = $id"
                    }
                }
            } else {
                $searchClause = "SQLServiceType > 0"
            }
        } elseif ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -match 'ServiceName') {
            if ($ServiceName) {
                $searchClause = ""
                foreach ($sn in $ServiceName) {
                    if ($searchClause) { $searchClause += ' OR ' }
                    $searchClause += "ServiceName = '$sn'"
                }
            } else {
                $searchClause = "SQLServiceType > 0"
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
            $Server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $credential
            if ($Server.FullComputerName) {
                $Computer = $server.FullComputerName
                $outputServices = @()
                if (!$Type -or 'SSRS' -in $Type) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting SQL Reporting Server services on $Computer" -Target $Computer
                    $reportingServices = Get-DbaReportingService -ComputerName $Computer -InstanceName $InstanceName -Credential $Credential -ServiceName $ServiceName
                    $outputServices += $reportingServices
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting SQL Server namespace on $Computer" -Target $Computer
                try { $namespaces = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $Computer -NameSpace root\Microsoft\SQLServer -Query "Select Name FROM __NAMESPACE WHERE Name Like 'ComputerManagement%'" -EnableException -Credential $credential | Sort-Object Name -Descending }
                catch {
                    # here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }
                if ($namespaces) {
                    $servicesTemp = @()

                    ForEach ($namespace in $namespaces) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Cim class SqlService in Namespace $($namespace.Name) on $Computer." -Target $Computer
                            foreach ($service in (Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $Computer -Namespace "root\Microsoft\SQLServer\$($namespace.Name)" -Query "SELECT * FROM SqlService WHERE $searchClause" -EnableException -Credential $credential)) {
                                $servicesTemp += New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                                    Name      = $service.ServiceName
                                    Namespace = $namespace.Name
                                    Service   = $service
                                }
                            }
                        } catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to acquire services from namespace $($namespace.Name)." -Target $Computer -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }
                #use highest namespace available
                $services = ($servicesTemp | Group-Object Name | ForEach-Object { $_.Group | Sort-Object Namespace -Descending | Select-Object -First 1 }).Service
                #remove services returned by the SSRS namespace
                $services = $services | Where-Object ServiceName -notin $reportingServices.ServiceName
                #Add custom properties and methods to the service objects
                ForEach ($service in $services) {
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $service.HostName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ServiceType -Value ($ServiceIdMap | Where-Object { $_.Id -contains $service.SQLServiceType }).Name
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name State -Value $(switch ($service.State) { 1 { 'Stopped' } 2 { 'Start Pending' }  3 { 'Stop Pending' } 4 { 'Running' } })
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name StartMode -Value $(switch ($service.StartMode) { 1 { 'Unknown' } 2 { 'Automatic' }  3 { 'Manual' } 4 { 'Disabled' } })

                    if ($service.ServiceName -in ("MSSQLSERVER", "SQLSERVERAGENT", "ReportServer", "MSSQLServerOLAPService")) {
                        $instance = "MSSQLSERVER"
                    } else {
                        if ($service.ServiceType -in @("Agent", "Engine", "SSRS", "SSAS")) {
                            if ($service.ServiceName.indexof('$') -ge 0) {
                                $instance = $service.ServiceName.split('$')[1]
                            } else {
                                $instance = "Unknown"
                            }
                        } else {
                            $instance = ""
                        }
                    }
                    $priority = switch ($service.ServiceType) {
                        "Engine" { 200 }
                        default { 100 }
                    }
                    #If only specific instances are selected
                    if (!$InstanceName -or $instance -in $InstanceName) {
                        #Add other properties and methods
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -NotePropertyName InstanceName -NotePropertyValue $instance
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -NotePropertyName ServicePriority -NotePropertyValue $priority
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name "Stop" -Value {
                            param ([bool]$Force = $false)
                            Stop-DbaService -InputObject $this -Force:$Force
                        }
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name "Start" -Value { Start-DbaService -InputObject $this }
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name "Restart" -Value {
                            param ([bool]$Force = $false)
                            Restart-DbaService -InputObject $this -Force:$Force
                        }
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name "ChangeStartMode" -Value {
                            param (
                                [parameter(Mandatory)]
                                [string]$Mode
                            )
                            $supportedModes = @("Automatic", "Manual", "Disabled")
                            if ($Mode -notin $supportedModes) {
                                Stop-Function -Message ("Incorrect mode '$Mode'. Use one of the following values: {0}" -f ($supportedModes -join ' | ')) -EnableException $false -FunctionName 'Get-DbaService'
                                Return
                            }
                            Set-ServiceStartMode -InputObject $this -Mode $Mode -ErrorAction Stop
                            $this.StartMode = $Mode
                        }

                        if ($AdvancedProperties) {
                            $namespaceValue = $service.CimClass.ToString().ToUpper().Replace(":SQLSERVICE", "").Replace("ROOT/MICROSOFT/SQLSERVER/", "")
                            $serviceAdvancedProperties = Get-DbaCmObject -ComputerName $Computer -Namespace "root\Microsoft\SQLServer\$($namespaceValue)" -Query "SELECT * FROM SqlServiceAdvancedProperty WHERE ServiceName = '$($service.ServiceName)'"

                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Version -Value ($serviceAdvancedProperties | Where-Object PropertyName -eq 'VERSION' ).PropertyStrValue
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SPLevel -Value ($serviceAdvancedProperties | Where-Object PropertyName -eq 'SPLEVEL' ).PropertyNumValue
                            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SkuName -Value ($serviceAdvancedProperties | Where-Object PropertyName -eq 'SKUNAME' ).PropertyStrValue

                            $ClusterServiceTypeList = @(1, 2, 5, 7)
                            if ($ClusterServiceTypeList -contains $service.SQLServiceType) {
                                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Clustered -Value ($serviceAdvancedProperties | Where-Object PropertyName -eq 'CLUSTERED' ).PropertyNumValue
                                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name VSName -Value ($serviceAdvancedProperties | Where-Object PropertyName -eq 'VSNAME' ).PropertyStrValue
                            } else {
                                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Clustered -Value ''
                                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $service -MemberType NoteProperty -Name VSName -Value ''
                            }
                        }
                        $outputServices += $service
                    }
                }
                if ($AdvancedProperties) {
                    $defaults = "ComputerName", "ServiceName", "ServiceType", "InstanceName", "DisplayName", "StartName", "State", "StartMode", "Version", "SPLevel", "SkuName", "Clustered", "VSName"
                } else {
                    $defaults = "ComputerName", "ServiceName", "ServiceType", "InstanceName", "DisplayName", "StartName", "State", "StartMode"
                }
                if ($outputServices) {
                    $outputServices | Select-DefaultView -Property $defaults -TypeName DbaSqlService
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "No services found in relevant namespaces on $Computer. Please note that this function is available from SQL 2005 up."
                }
            } else {
                Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Failed to connect to $Computer" -Continue
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaSqlService
    }
}
function Get-DbaSpConfigure {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns all server level system configuration (sys.configuration/sp_configure) information

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns server level system configuration (sys.configuration/sp_configure) information. The information is gathered through SMO Configuration.Properties.
        The data includes the default value for each configuration, for quick identification of values that may have been changed.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        Return only specific configurations. Name can be either values from (sys.configuration/sp_configure) or from SMO object

    .PARAMETER ExcludeName
        Exclude specific configurations. Name can be either values from (sys.configuration/sp_configure) or from SMO object

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SpConfig, Configure, Configuration
        Author: Nic Cain, https://sirsql.net/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSpConfigure

    .INPUTS
        A DbaInstanceParameter representing an array of SQL Server instances.

    .OUTPUTS
        Returns PSCustomObject with properties ServerName, ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, DisplayName, Description, IsAdvanced, IsDynamic, MinValue, MaxValue, ConfiguredValue, RunningValue, DefaultValue, IsRunningDefaultValue

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all system configuration information on the localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'localhost','localhost\namedinstance' | Get-DbaSpConfigure

        Returns system configuration information on multiple instances piped into the function

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance sql2012 -Name 'max server memory (MB)'

        Returns only the system configuration for MaxServerMemory on sql2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance sql2012 -ExcludeName 'max server memory (MB)', RemoteAccess | Out-GridView

        Returns system configuration information on sql2012 but excludes for max server memory (MB) and remote access. Values returned in grid view

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential SqlCredential
        PS C:\> 'sql2012' | Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlCredential $cred -Name RemoteAccess, 'max server memory (MB)' -ExcludeName 'remote access' | Out-GridView

        Returns system configuration information on sql2012 using SQL Server Authentication. Only MaxServerMemory is returned as RemoteAccess was also excluded.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Config", "ConfigName")]
        [string[]]$Name,
        [string[]]$ExcludeName,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $smoName = [pscustomobject]@{
            "Ad Hoc Distributed Queries"         = "AdHocDistributedQueriesEnabled"
            "affinity I/O mask"                  = "AffinityIOMask"
            "affinity mask"                      = "AffinityMask"
            "affinity64 I/O mask"                = "Affinity64IOMask"
            "affinity64 mask"                    = "Affinity64Mask"
            "Agent XPs"                          = "AgentXPsEnabled"
            "allow updates"                      = "AllowUpdates"
            "awe enabled"                        = "AweEnabled"
            "backup compression default"         = "DefaultBackupCompression"
            "blocked process threshold"          = "BlockedProcessThreshold"
            "blocked process threshold (s)"      = "BlockedProcessThreshold"
            "c2 audit mode"                      = "C2AuditMode"
            "clr enabled"                        = "IsSqlClrEnabled"
            "common criteria compliance enabled" = "CommonCriteriaComplianceEnabled"
            "contained database authentication"  = "ContainmentEnabled"
            "cost threshold for parallelism"     = "CostThresholdForParallelism"
            "cross db ownership chaining"        = "CrossDBOwnershipChaining"
            "cursor threshold"                   = "CursorThreshold"
            "Database Mail XPs"                  = "DatabaseMailEnabled"
            "default full-text language"         = "DefaultFullTextLanguage"
            "default language"                   = "DefaultLanguage"
            "default trace enabled"              = "DefaultTraceEnabled"
            "disallow results from triggers"     = "DisallowResultsFromTriggers"
            "EKM provider enabled"               = "ExtensibleKeyManagementEnabled"
            "filestream access level"            = "FilestreamAccessLevel"
            "fill factor (%)"                    = "FillFactor"
            "ft crawl bandwidth (max)"           = "FullTextCrawlBandwidthMax"
            "ft crawl bandwidth (min)"           = "FullTextCrawlBandwidthMin"
            "ft notify bandwidth (max)"          = "FullTextNotifyBandwidthMax"
            "ft notify bandwidth (min)"          = "FullTextNotifyBandwidthMin"
            "index create memory (KB)"           = "IndexCreateMemory"
            "in-doubt xact resolution"           = "InDoubtTransactionResolution"
            "lightweight pooling"                = "LightweightPooling"
            "locks"                              = "Locks"
            "max degree of parallelism"          = "MaxDegreeOfParallelism"
            "max full-text crawl range"          = "FullTextCrawlRangeMax"
            "max server memory (MB)"             = "MaxServerMemory"
            "max text repl size (B)"             = "ReplicationMaxTextSize"
            "max worker threads"                 = "MaxWorkerThreads"
            "media retention"                    = "MediaRetention"
            "min memory per query (KB)"          = "MinMemoryPerQuery"
            "min server memory (MB)"             = "MinServerMemory"
            "nested triggers"                    = "NestedTriggers"
            "network packet size (B)"            = "NetworkPacketSize"
            "Ole Automation Procedures"          = "OleAutomationProceduresEnabled"
            "open objects"                       = "OpenObjects"
            "optimize for ad hoc workloads"      = "OptimizeAdhocWorkloads"
            "PH timeout (s)"                     = "ProtocolHandlerTimeout"
            "precompute rank"                    = "PrecomputeRank"
            "priority boost"                     = "PriorityBoost"
            "query governor cost limit"          = "QueryGovernorCostLimit"
            "query wait (s)"                     = "QueryWait"
            "recovery interval (min)"            = "RecoveryInterval"
            "remote access"                      = "RemoteAccess"
            "remote admin connections"           = "RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled"
            "remote data archive"                = "RemoteDataArchiveEnabled"
            "remote login timeout (s)"           = "RemoteLoginTimeout"
            "remote proc trans"                  = "RemoteProcTrans"
            "remote query timeout (s)"           = "RemoteQueryTimeout"
            "Replication XPs"                    = "ReplicationXPsEnabled"
            "scan for startup procs"             = "ScanForStartupProcedures"
            "server trigger recursion"           = "ServerTriggerRecursionEnabled"
            "set working set size"               = "SetWorkingSetSize"
            "show advanced options"              = "ShowAdvancedOptions"
            "SMO and DMO XPs"                    = "SmoAndDmoXPsEnabled"
            "SQL Mail XPs"                       = "SqlMailXPsEnabled"
            "transform noise words"              = "TransformNoiseWords"
            "two digit year cutoff"              = "TwoDigitYearCutoff"
            "user connections"                   = "UserConnections"
            "user options"                       = "UserOptions"
            "Web Assistant Procedures"           = "WebXPsEnabled"
            "xp_cmdshell"                        = "XPCmdShellEnabled"
            # Configurations without defined names - Created dummy entries
            "access check cache bucket count"    = "AccessCheckCacheBucketCount"
            "access check cache quota"           = "AccessCheckCacheQuota"
            "allow polybase export"              = "AllowPolybaseExport"
            "automatic soft-NUMA disabled"       = "AutomaticSoftnumaDisabled"
            "backup checksum default"            = "BackupChecksumDefault"
            "clr strict security"                = "ClrStrictSecurity"
            "external scripts enabled"           = "ExternalScriptsEnabled"
            "hadoop connectivity"                = "HadoopConnectivity"
            "polybase network encryption"        = "PolybaseNetworkEncryption"
            "User Instance Timeout"              = "UserInstanceTimeout"
            "user instances enabled"             = "UserInstancesEnabled"
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            #Get a list of the configuration Properties. This collection matches entries in sys.configurations
            try {
                $proplist = $server.Configuration.Properties
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to gather configuration properties $instance" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            if ($Name) {
                $proplist = $proplist | Where-Object { ($_.DisplayName -in $Name -or ($smoName).$($_.DisplayName) -in $Name) }
            }

            if (Test-Bound "ExcludeName") {
                $proplist = $proplist | Where-Object { ($_.DisplayName -NotIn $ExcludeName -and ($smoName).$($_.DisplayName) -NotIn $ExcludeName) }
            }

            #Grab the default sp_configure property values from the external function
            $defaultConfigs = (Get-SqlDefaultSpConfigure -SqlVersion $server.VersionMajor).psobject.properties;

            #Iterate through the properties to get the configuration settings
            foreach ($prop in $proplist) {
                $defaultConfig = $defaultConfigs | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $prop.DisplayName };

                if ($defaultConfig.Value -eq $prop.RunValue) { $isDefault = $true }
                else { $isDefault = $false }

                #Ignores properties that are not valid on this version of SQL
                if (!([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($prop.RunValue))) {

                    $DisplayName = $prop.DisplayName
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ServerName            = $server.Name
                        ComputerName          = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName          = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance           = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Name                  = ($smoName).$DisplayName
                        DisplayName           = $DisplayName
                        Description           = $prop.Description
                        IsAdvanced            = $prop.IsAdvanced
                        IsDynamic             = $prop.IsDynamic
                        MinValue              = $prop.Minimum
                        MaxValue              = $prop.Maximum
                        ConfiguredValue       = $prop.ConfigValue
                        RunningValue          = $prop.RunValue
                        DefaultValue          = $defaultConfig.Value
                        IsRunningDefaultValue = $isDefault
                        Parent                = $server
                        ConfigName            = ($smoName).$DisplayName
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ServerName, Parent, ConfigName
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSpinLockStatistic {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays information from sys.dm_os_spinlock_stats.  Works on SQL Server 2008 and above.

    .DESCRIPTION
            This command is based off of Paul Randal's post "Advanced SQL Server performance tuning"

            Returns:
                    SpinLockName
                    Collisions
                    Spins
                    SpinsPerCollision
                    SleepTime
                    Backoffs

            Reference:  https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/advanced-performance-troubleshooting-waits-latches-spinlocks/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SpinLockStatistics, Waits
        Author: Patrick Flynn (@sqllensman)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSpinLockStatistic

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSpinLockStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Get SpinLock Statistics for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $output = Get-DbaSpinLockStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008 | Select * | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable

        Collects all SpinLock Statistics on server sql2008 into a Data Table.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql2008','sqlserver2012' | Get-DbaSpinLockStatistic

        Get SpinLock Statistics for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012 via pipline

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSpinLockStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008 -SqlCredential $cred

        Connects using sqladmin credential and returns SpinLock Statistics from sql2008
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    BEGIN {

        $sql = "SELECT
                	name,
                	collisions,
                	spins,
                	spins_per_collision,
                	sleep_time,
                	backoffs
                FROM sys.dm_os_spinlock_stats;"

        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance"
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connected to $instance"

            foreach ($row in $server.Query($sql)) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName      = $server.NetName
                    InstanceName      = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    SpinLockName      = $row.name
                    Collisions        = $row.collisions
                    Spins             = $row.spins
                    SpinsPerCollision = $row.spins_per_collision
                    SleepTime         = $row.sleep_time
                    Backoffs          = $row.backoffs
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Get-DbaSpn {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns a list of set service principal names for a given computer/AD account

    .DESCRIPTION
        Get a list of set SPNs. SPNs are set at the AD account level. You can either retrieve set SPNs for a computer, or any SPNs set for
        a given active directory account. You can query one, or both. You'll get a list of every SPN found for either search term.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The servers you want to return set SPNs for. This is defaulted automatically to localhost.

    .PARAMETER AccountName
        The accounts you want to retrieve set SPNs for.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        User credential to connect to the remote servers or active directory.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SPN
        Author: Drew Furgiuele (@pittfurg), http://www.port1433.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSpn

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSpn -ComputerName SQLSERVERA -Credential ad\sqldba

        Returns a custom object with SearchTerm (ServerName) and the SPNs that were found

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSpn -AccountName domain\account -Credential ad\sqldba

        Returns a custom object with SearchTerm (domain account) and the SPNs that were found

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSpn -ComputerName SQLSERVERA,SQLSERVERB -Credential ad\sqldba

        Returns a custom object with SearchTerm (ServerName) and the SPNs that were found for multiple computers

    #>
    [cmdletbinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseApprovedVerbs", "", Justification = "Internal functions are ignored")]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [string[]]$ComputerName,
        [string[]]$AccountName,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Function Process-Account ($AccountName) {

            ForEach ($account in $AccountName) {
                Write-Message -Message "Looking for account $account..." -Level Verbose
                $searchfor = 'User'
                if ($account.EndsWith('$')) {
                    $searchfor = 'Computer'
                }
                try {
                    $Result = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $account -Type $searchfor -Credential $Credential -EnableException
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Message "AD lookup failure. This may be because the domain cannot be resolved for the SQL Server service account ($Account)." -Level Warning
                    continue
                }
                if ($Result.Count -gt 0) {
                    try {
                        $results = $Result.GetUnderlyingObject()
                        $spns = $results.Properties.servicePrincipalName
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Message "The SQL Service account ($Account) has been found, but you don't have enough permission to inspect its SPNs" -Level Warning
                        continue
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Message "The SQL Service account ($Account) has not been found" -Level Warning
                    continue
                }

                foreach ($spn in $spns) {
                    if ($spn -match "\:") {
                        try {
                            $port = [int]($spn -Split "\:")[1]
                        } catch {
                            $port = $null
                        }
                        #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                        # if ($spn -match "\/") {
                        #     $serviceclass = ($spn -Split "\/")[0]
                        # }
                    }
                    [pscustomobject] @{
                        Input        = $Account
                        AccountName  = $Account
                        ServiceClass = "MSSQLSvc" # $serviceclass
                        Port         = $port
                        SPN          = $spn
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if ($ComputerName.Count -eq 0 -and $AccountName.Count -eq 0) {
            $ComputerName = @($env:COMPUTERNAME)
        }
    }

    process {

        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            if ($computer) {
                if ($computer.EndsWith('$')) {
                    Write-Message -Message "$computer is an account name. Processing as account." -Level Verbose
                    Process-Account -AccountName $computer
                    continue
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Message "Getting SQL Server SPN for $computer" -Level Verbose
            $spns = Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential

            $sqlspns = 0
            $spncount = $spns.count
            Write-Message -Message "Calculated $spncount SQL SPN entries that should exist for $computer" -Level Verbose
            foreach ($spn in $spns | Where-Object { $_.IsSet -eq $true }) {
                $sqlspns++

                if ($accountName) {
                    if ($accountName -eq $spn.InstanceServiceAccount) {
                        [pscustomobject] @{
                            Input        = $computer
                            AccountName  = $spn.InstanceServiceAccount
                            ServiceClass = "MSSQLSvc"
                            Port         = $spn.Port
                            SPN          = $spn.RequiredSPN
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    [pscustomobject] @{
                        Input        = $computer
                        AccountName  = $spn.InstanceServiceAccount
                        ServiceClass = "MSSQLSvc"
                        Port         = $spn.Port
                        SPN          = $spn.RequiredSPN
                    }
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Found $sqlspns set SQL SPN entries for $computer" -Level Verbose
        }

        if ($AccountName) {
            foreach ($account in $AccountName) {
                Process-Account -AccountName $account
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This command gets specified SSIS Environment and all its variables

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command gets all variables from specified environment from SSIS Catalog. All sensitive values are decrypted.
        The function communicates directly with SSISDB database, "SQL Server Integration Services" service isn't queried there.
        Each parameter (besides SqlInstance and SqlCredential) acts as the filter to only include or exclude particular element

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.
        This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Environment
        The SSIS Environments names that we want to get variables from

    .PARAMETER EnvironmentExclude
        The SSIS Environments to exclude. Acts as a filter for environments, best used without 'Environment' parameter
        to get variables for all environments but excluded ones

    .PARAMETER Folder
        The Folders names that contain the environments

    .PARAMETER FolderExclude
        The Folders names to exclude. Acts as a filter for folders containing environments, best user without 'Folder' parameter
        to get variables for all folders but excluded ones

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SSIS, SSISDB, Variable
        Author: Bartosz Ratajczyk (@b_ratajczyk)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -SqlInstance localhost -Environment DEV -Folder DWH_ETL

        Gets variables of 'DEV' environment located in 'DWH_ETL' folder on 'localhost' Server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -SqlInstance localhost -Environment DEV -Folder DWH_ETL, DEV2, QA

        Gets variables of 'DEV' environment(s) located in folders 'DWH_ETL', 'DEV2' and 'QA' on 'localhost' server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -SqlInstance localhost -Environment DEV -FolderExclude DWH_ETL, DEV2, QA

        Gets variables of 'DEV' environments located in folders other than 'DWH_ETL', 'DEV2' and 'QA' on 'localhost' server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -SqlInstance localhost -Environment DEV, PROD -Folder DWH_ETL, DEV2, QA

        Gets variables of 'DEV' and 'PROD' environment(s) located in folders 'DWH_ETL', 'DEV2' and 'QA' on 'localhost' server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -SqlInstance localhost -EnvironmentExclude DEV, PROD -Folder DWH_ETL, DEV2, QA

        Gets variables of environments other than 'DEV' and 'PROD' located in folders 'DWH_ETL', 'DEV2' and 'QA' on 'localhost' server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -SqlInstance localhost -EnvironmentExclude DEV, PROD -FolderExclude DWH_ETL, DEV2, QA

        Gets variables of environments other than 'DEV' and 'PROD' located in folders other than 'DWH_ETL', 'DEV2' and 'QA' on 'localhost' server

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'localhost' | Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -EnvironmentExclude DEV, PROD

        Gets all SSIS environments except 'DEV' and 'PROD' from 'localhost' server. The server name comes from pipeline

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'SRV1', 'SRV3' | Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable

        Gets all SSIS environments from 'SRV1' and 'SRV3' servers. The server's names come from pipeline

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'SRV1', 'SRV2' | Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable DEV | Out-GridView

        Gets all variables from 'DEV' Environment(s) on servers 'SRV1' and 'SRV2' and outputs it as the GridView.
        The server names come from the pipeline.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'localhost' | Get-DbaSsisEnvironmentVariable -EnvironmentExclude DEV, PROD | Select-Object -Property Name, Value | Where-Object {$_.Name -match '^a'} | Out-GridView

        Gets all variables from Environments other than 'DEV' and 'PROD' on 'localhost' server,
        selects Name and Value properties for variables that names start with letter 'a' and outputs it as the GridView

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('SqlServer', 'ServerInstance')]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Environment,
        [object[]]$EnvironmentExclude,
        [object[]]$Folder,
        [object[]]$FolderExclude,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -MinimumVersion 11
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $ISNamespace = "Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.IntegrationServices"

                $SSIS = New-Object "$ISNamespace.IntegrationServices" $server
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to SSIS Catalog on $instance or current SMO library does not support SSIS catalog"
                return
            }

            Write-Message -Message "Fetching SSIS Catalog and its folders" -Level Verbose
            $catalog = $SSIS.Catalogs | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "SSISDB" }

            # get all folders names if none provided
            if ($null -eq $Folder) {
                $searchFolders = $catalog.Folders.Name
            } else {
                $searchFolders = $Folder
            }

            # filter unwanted folders
            if ($FolderExclude) {
                $searchFolders = $searchFolders | Where-Object { $_ -notin $FolderExclude }
            }

            if ($null -eq $searchFolders) {
                Write-Message -Message "Instance: $instance > -Folder and -FolderExclude filters return an empty collection. Skipping" -Level Warning
            } else {
                foreach ($f in $searchFolders) {
                    # get all environments names if none provided
                    if ($null -eq $Environment) {
                        $searchEnvironments = $catalog.Folders.Environments.Name
                    } else {
                        $searchEnvironments = $Environment
                    }

                    #filter unwanted environments
                    if ($EnvironmentExclude) {
                        $searchEnvironments = $searchEnvironments | Where-Object { $_ -notin $EnvironmentExclude }
                    }

                    if ($null -eq $searchEnvironments) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Instance: $instance / Folder: $f > -Environment and -EnvironmentExclude filters return an empty collection. Skipping." -Level Warning
                    } else {
                        $Environments = $catalog.Folders[$f].Environments | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $searchEnvironments }

                        foreach ($e in $Environments) {
                            #encryption handling
                            $encKey = 'MS_Enckey_Env_' + $e.EnvironmentId
                            $encCert = 'MS_Cert_Env_' + $e.EnvironmentId

                            <#
                            SMO does not return sensitive values (gets data from catalog.environment_variables)
                            We have to manually query internal.environment_variables instead and use symmetric keys
                            within T-SQL code
                            #>

                            $sql = @"
                            OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY $encKey DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE $encCert;

                            SELECT
                                ev.variable_id,
                                ev.name,
                                ev.description,
                                ev.type,
                                ev.sensitive,
                                value = ev.value,
                                ev.sensitive_value,
                                ev.base_data_type,
                                decrypted = decrypted.value
                            FROM internal.environment_variables ev

                                CROSS APPLY (
                                    SELECT
                                        value   = CASE base_data_type
                                                    WHEN 'nvarchar' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value))
                                                    WHEN 'bit' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(bit, DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'datetime' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(datetime2(0), DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'single' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(DECIMAL(38, 18), DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'float' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(DECIMAL(38, 18), DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'decimal' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(DECIMAL(38, 18), DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'tinyint' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(tinyint, DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'smallint' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(smallint, DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'int' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(INT, DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                    WHEN 'bigint' THEN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), CONVERT(bigint, DECRYPTBYKEY(sensitive_value)))
                                                END
                                ) decrypted
                            WHERE environment_id = $($e.EnvironmentId);
                            CLOSE SYMMETRIC KEY $encKey;
"@

                            $ssisVariables = $server.Query($sql, "SSISDB")

                            foreach ($variable in $ssisVariables) {
                                if ($variable.sensitive -eq $true) {
                                    $value = $variable.decrypted
                                } else {
                                    $value = $variable.value
                                }

                                [PSCustomObject]@{
                                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                    Folder       = $f
                                    Environment  = $e.Name
                                    Id           = $variable.variable_id
                                    Name         = $variable.Name
                                    Description  = $variable.description
                                    Type         = $variable.type
                                    IsSensitive  = $variable.sensitive
                                    BaseDataType = $variable.base_data_type
                                    Value        = $value
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging#
function Get-DbaSsisExecutionHistory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get-DbaSsisHistory Retreives SSIS project and package execution History, and environments from one SQL Server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command gets execution history for SSIS executison given one or more instances and can be filtered by Project, Environment,Folder or Status.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.
        This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Project
        Specifies a filter by project

    .PARAMETER Folder
        Specifies a filter by folder

    .PARAMETER Environment
        Specifies a filter by environment

    .PARAMETER Status
        Specifies a filter by status (created,running,cancelled,failed,pending,halted,succeeded,stopping,completed)

    .PARAMETER Since
        Datetime object used to narrow the results to a date

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, SSIS
        Author: Chris Tucker (@ChrisTuc47368095)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaSsisExecutionHistory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSsisExecutionHistory -SqlInstance SMTQ01 -Folder SMTQ_PRC

        Get all history items for SMTQ01 in folder SMTQ_PRC.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSsisExecutionHistory -SqlInstance SMTQ01 -Status Failed,Cancelled

        Gets all failed or canceled executions for SMTQ01.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSsisExecutionHistory -SqlInstance SMTQ01,SMTQ02 -Status Failed,Cancelled -Whatif

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed and would return the SQL statement that would be executed per instance.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [datetime]$Since,
        [ValidateSet("Created", "Running", "Cancelled", "Failed", "Pending", "Halted", "Succeeded", "Stopping", "Completed")]
        [String[]]$Status,
        [String[]]$Project,
        [String[]]$Folder,
        [String[]]$Environment,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $params = @{}

        #build status parameter
        $statuses = @{
            'Created'   = 1
            'Running'   = 2
            'Cancelled' = 3
            'Failed'    = 4
            'Pending'   = 5
            'Halted'    = 6
            'Succeeded' = 7
            'Stopping'  = 8
            'Completed' = 9
        }
        if ($Status) {
            $csv = ($statuses[$Status] -join ',')
            $statusq = "`n`t`tAND e.[Status] in ($csv)"
        } else {
            $statusq = ''
        }

        #construct parameterized collection predicate for project array
        if ($Project) {
            $projectq = "`n`t`tAND ( 1=0 "
            $i = 0
            foreach ($p in $Project) {
                $i ++
                $projectq += "`n`t`t`tOR e.[project_name] = @project$i"
                $params.Add("project$i", $p)
            }
            $projectq += "`n`t`t)"
        } else {
            $projectq = ''
        }

        #construct parameterized collection predicate for folder array
        if ($Folder) {
            $folderq = "`n`t`tAND ( 1=0 "
            $i = 0
            foreach ($f in $Folder) {
                $i ++
                $folderq += "`n`t`t`tOR e.[folder_name] = @folder$i"
                $params.Add("folder$i" , $f)
            }
            $folderq += "`n`t`t)"
        } else {
            $folderq = ''
        }

        #construct parameterized collection predicate for environment array
        if ($Environment) {
            $environmentq = "`n`t`tAND ( 1=0 "
            $i = 0
            foreach ($e in $Environment) {
                $i ++
                $environmentq += "`n`t`t`tOR e.[environment_name] = @environment$i"
                $params.Add("environment$i" , $e)
            }
            $environmentq += "`n`t`t)"
        } else {
            $environmentq = ''
        }

        #construct date filter for since
        if ($Since) {
            $sinceq = "`n`t`tAND e.[start_time] >= @since"
            $params.Add('since', $Since )
        }

        $sql = "
        WITH
            cteLoglevel as (
                SELECT
                    execution_id as ExecutionID,
                    cast(parameter_value AS INT) AS LoggingLevel
                FROM
                    [catalog].[execution_parameter_values]
                WHERE
                    parameter_name = 'LOGGING_LEVEL'
            )
            , cteStatus AS (
                SELECT
                     [key]
                    ,[code]
                FROM (
                    VALUES
                          ( 1,'Created'  )
                        , ( 2,'Running'  )
                        , ( 3,'Cancelled')
                        , ( 4,'Failed'   )
                        , ( 5,'Pending'  )
                        , ( 6,'Halted'   )
                        , ( 7,'Succeeded')
                        , ( 8,'Stopping' )
                        , ( 9,'Completed')
                ) codes([key],[code])
            )
            SELECT
                      e.execution_id as ExecutionID
                    , e.folder_name as FolderName
                    , e.project_name as ProjectName
                    , e.package_name as PackageName
                    , e.project_lsn as ProjectLsn
                    , Environment = isnull(e.environment_folder_name, '') + isnull('\' + e.environment_name,  '')
                    , s.code AS StatusCode
                    , start_time as StartTime
                    , end_time as EndTime
                    , ElapsedMinutes = DATEDIFF(ss, e.start_time, e.end_time)
                    , l.LoggingLevel
            FROM
                [catalog].executions e
                LEFT OUTER JOIN cteLoglevel l
                    ON e.execution_id = l.ExecutionID
                LEFT OUTER JOIN cteStatus s
                    ON s.[key] = e.status
            WHERE 1=1$statusq$projectq$folderq$environmentq$sinceq
            OPTION  ( RECOMPILE );
        "

        #debug verbose output
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "`nSQL statement: $sql"
        $paramout = ($params | Out-String)
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "`nParameters:$paramout"
    }


    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $results = Invoke-DbaQuery -SqlInstance $instance -Database SSISDB -Query $sql -as PSObject -SqlParameters $params -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            foreach ($row in $results) {
                $row.StartTime = [dbadatetime]$row.StartTime.DateTime
                $row.EndTime = [dbadatetime]$row.EndTime.DateTime
                $row
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaStartupParameter {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays values for a detailed list of SQL Server Startup Parameters.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Displays values for a detailed list of SQL Server Startup Parameters including Master Data Path, Master Log path, Error Log, Trace Flags, Parameter String and much more.

        This command relies on remote Windows Server (SQL WMI/WinRm) access. You can pass alternative Windows credentials by using the -Credential parameter.

        See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190737.aspx for more information.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternate Windows credentials.

        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER Simple
        If this switch is enabled, simplified output will be produced including only Server, Master Data Path, Master Log path, ErrorLog, TraceFlags and ParameterString.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        If this switch is enabled, exceptions will be thrown to the caller, which will need to perform its own exception processing. Otherwise, the function will try to catch the exception, interpret it and provide a friendly error message.

    .NOTES
        Tags: WSMan, SQLWMI, Memory
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaStartupParameter

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2014

        Logs into SQL WMI as the current user then displays the values for numerous startup parameters.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $wincred = Get-Credential ad\sqladmin
        PS C:\> Get-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2014 -Credential $wincred -Simple

        Logs in to WMI using the ad\sqladmin credential and gathers simplified information about the SQL Server Startup Parameters.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("SqlCredential")]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Simple,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $computerName = $instance.ComputerName
                $instanceName = $instance.InstanceName
                $ogInstance = $instance.FullSmoName

                $computerName = (Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computerName).FullComputerName


                if ($instanceName.Length -eq 0) { $instanceName = "MSSQLSERVER" }

                $displayname = "SQL Server ($instanceName)"

                $Scriptblock = {
                    $computerName = $args[0]
                    $displayname = $args[1]

                    $wmisvc = $wmi.Services | Where-Object DisplayName -eq $displayname

                    $params = $wmisvc.StartupParameters -split ';'

                    $masterdata = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-d') }
                    $masterlog = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-l') }
                    $errorlog = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-e') }
                    $traceflags = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-T') }

                    $debugflag = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-t') }

                    if ($debugflag.length -ne 0) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning "$instance is using the lowercase -t trace flag. This is for internal debugging only. Please ensure this was intentional."
                    }
                    #>

                    if ($traceflags.length -eq 0) {
                        $traceflags = "None"
                    } else {
                        $traceflags = $traceflags.substring(2)
                    }

                    if ($Simple -eq $true) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName    = $computerName
                            InstanceName    = $instanceName
                            SqlInstance     = $ogInstance
                            MasterData      = $masterdata.TrimStart('-d')
                            MasterLog       = $masterlog.TrimStart('-l')
                            ErrorLog        = $errorlog.TrimStart('-e')
                            TraceFlags      = $traceflags -join ','
                            ParameterString = $wmisvc.StartupParameters
                        }
                    } else {
                        # From https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190737.aspx

                        $commandpromptparm = $params | Where-Object { $_ -eq '-c' }
                        $minimalstartparm = $params | Where-Object { $_ -eq '-f' }
                        $memorytoreserve = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-g') }
                        $noeventlogsparm = $params | Where-Object { $_ -eq '-n' }
                        $instancestartparm = $params | Where-Object { $_ -eq '-s' }
                        $disablemonitoringparm = $params | Where-Object { $_ -eq '-x' }
                        $increasedextentsparm = $params | Where-Object { $_ -ceq '-E' }

                        $minimalstart = $noeventlogs = $instancestart = $disablemonitoring = $false
                        $increasedextents = $commandprompt = $singleuser = $false

                        if ($null -ne $commandpromptparm) {
                            $commandprompt = $true
                        }
                        if ($null -ne $minimalstartparm) {
                            $minimalstart = $true
                        }
                        if ($null -eq $memorytoreserve) {
                            $memorytoreserve = 0
                        }
                        if ($null -ne $noeventlogsparm) {
                            $noeventlogs = $true
                        }
                        if ($null -ne $instancestartparm) {
                            $instancestart = $true
                        }
                        if ($null -ne $disablemonitoringparm) {
                            $disablemonitoring = $true
                        }
                        if ($null -ne $increasedextentsparm) {
                            $increasedextents = $true
                        }

                        $singleuserparm = $params | Where-Object { $_.StartsWith('-m') }

                        if ($singleuserparm.length -ne 0) {
                            $singleuser = $true
                            $singleuserdetails = $singleuserparm.TrimStart('-m')
                        }

                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName         = $computerName
                            InstanceName         = $instanceName
                            SqlInstance          = $ogInstance
                            MasterData           = $masterdata -replace '^-[dD]', ''
                            MasterLog            = $masterlog -replace '^-[lL]', ''
                            ErrorLog             = $errorlog -replace '^-[eE]', ''
                            TraceFlags           = $traceflags -join ','
                            CommandPromptStart   = $commandprompt
                            MinimalStart         = $minimalstart
                            MemoryToReserve      = $memorytoreserve
                            SingleUser           = $singleuser
                            SingleUserName       = $singleuserdetails
                            NoLoggingToWinEvents = $noeventlogs
                            StartAsNamedInstance = $instancestart
                            DisableMonitoring    = $disablemonitoring
                            IncreasedExtents     = $increasedextents
                            ParameterString      = $wmisvc.StartupParameters
                        }
                    }
                }

                # This command is in the internal function
                # It's sorta like Invoke-Command.
                if ($credential) {
                    Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -Server $computerName -Credential $credential -ScriptBlock $Scriptblock -ArgumentList $computerName, $displayname
                } else {
                    Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -Server $computerName -ScriptBlock $Scriptblock -ArgumentList $computerName, $displayname
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "$instance failed." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -Target $instance
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaSuspectPage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns data that is stored in SQL for Suspect Pages on the specified SQL Server Instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns any records that were stored due to suspect pages in databases on a SQL Server Instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        A credential to use to connect to the SQL Instance rather than using Windows Authentication

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database to return. If unspecified, all records will be returned.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Pages, DBCC
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSuspectPage -SqlInstance sql2016

        Retrieve any records stored for Suspect Pages on the sql2016 SQL Server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSuspectPage -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database Test

        Retrieve any records stored for Suspect Pages on the sql2016 SQL Server and the Test database only.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [object]$Database,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                return
            }

            $sql = "Select
            DB_NAME(database_id) as DBName,
            file_id,
            page_id,
            CASE event_type
            WHEN 1 THEN '823 or 824 or Torn Page'
            WHEN 2 THEN 'Bad Checksum'
            WHEN 3 THEN 'Torn Page'
            WHEN 4 THEN 'Restored'
            WHEN 5 THEN 'Repaired (DBCC)'
            WHEN 7 THEN 'Deallocated (DBCC)'
            END as EventType,
            error_count,
            last_update_date
            from msdb.dbo.suspect_pages"

            try {
                $results = $server.Query($sql)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting data on $server" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $results = $results | Where-Object DBName -EQ $Database
            }

        }
        foreach ($row in $results) {
            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Database       = $row.DBName
                FileId         = $row.file_id
                PageId         = $row.page_id
                EventType      = $row.EventType
                ErrorCount     = $row.error_count
                LastUpdateDate = $row.last_update_date
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaTcpPort {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns the TCP port used by the specified SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, this function returns just the TCP port used by the specified SQL Server.

        If -All is specified, the server name, IPAddress (ipv4 and ipv6), port number and an indicator of whether or not the port assignment is static are returned.

        Remote sqlwmi is used by default. If this doesn't work, then remoting is used. If neither work, it defaults to T-SQL which can provide only the port.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to connect to servers using alternate Windows credentials

        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.

    .PARAMETER All
        If this switch is enabled, an object with server name, IPAddress (ipv4 and ipv6), port and static ($true/$false) for one or more SQL Servers is returned.

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release. Use All instead.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeIpv6
        If this switch is enabled, IPv6 information is excluded from All output.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SQLWMI, tcp
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaTcpPort

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Returns just the port number for the default instance on sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance winserver\sqlexpress, sql2016

        Returns an object with server name and port number for the sqlexpress on winserver and the default instance on sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 -All

        Returns an object with server name, IPAddress (ipv4 and ipv6), port and static ($true/$false) for sqlserver2014a and sql2016.

        Remote sqlwmi is used by default. If this doesn't work, then remoting is used. If neither work, it defaults to T-SQL which can provide only the port.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2014 | Get-DbaTcpPort -ExcludeIpv6 -All

        Returns an object with server name, IPAddress (just ipv4), port and static ($true/$false) for every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2014.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [switch]$All,
        [Alias("Ipv4")]
        [switch]$ExcludeIpv6,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ($All) {
                try {
                    $scriptblock = {
                        $instance = $args[0]

                        Add-Type -AssemblyName Microsoft.VisualBasic

                        foreach ($servername in $wmi.ServerInstances) {
                            $instanceName = $servername.Name
                            $wmiinstance = $wmi.Services | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($instanceName)" }
                            $vsname = ($wmiinstance.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }).Value

                            if ($vsname.length -eq 0) {
                                $vsname = "$instance\$instanceName"
                            }

                            $vsname = $vsname.Replace("\MSSQLSERVER", "")

                            try {
                                $regroot = ($wmiinstance.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }).Value
                                $dacport = (Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:\$regroot\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib\AdminConnection\Tcp").TcpDynamicPorts

                                [PsCustomObject]@{
                                    ComputerName = $instance
                                    InstanceName = $instanceName
                                    SqlInstance  = $vsname
                                    IPAddress    = "0.0.0.0"
                                    Port         = $dacport
                                    Static       = $false
                                    Type         = "DAC"
                                }
                            } catch {
                                # Shouldn't have an empty catch block
                                # Use write-verbose becaues it's remote and write-message may note exist
                                Write-Verbose -Message "it's just not our day"
                            }

                            $tcp = $servername.ServerProtocols | Where-Object Name -eq Tcp
                            $ips = $tcp.IPAddresses

                            # This is a remote command so do not use Write-message
                            Write-Verbose "Parsing information for $($ips.count) IP addresses."
                            foreach ($ip in $ips) {
                                $props = $ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "TcpPort" -or $_.Name -eq "TcpDynamicPorts" }

                                foreach ($prop in $props) {
                                    if ([Microsoft.VisualBasic.Information]::IsNumeric($prop.value)) {
                                        $port = $prop.value
                                        if ($prop.name -eq 'TcpPort') {
                                            $static = $true
                                        } else {
                                            $static = $false
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                [PsCustomObject]@{
                                    ComputerName = $instance
                                    InstanceName = $instanceName
                                    SqlInstance  = $vsname
                                    IPAddress    = $ip.IPAddress.IPAddressToString
                                    Port         = $port
                                    Static       = $static
                                    Type         = "Normal"
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    $computer = $instance.ComputerName
                    $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance
                    $computername = $resolved.FullComputerName
                    $fqdn = $resolved.Fqdn

                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Trying with ComputerName ($computer)."
                        $someIps = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $computer -ScriptBlock $scriptblock
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Trying with FullComputerName because ComputerName failed."
                        $someIps = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $computername -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $fqdn -ScriptBlock $scriptblock
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not get all information." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                }

                $results = $someIps | Sort-Object IPAddress

                if ($ExcludeIpv6) {
                    $octet = '(?:0?0?[0-9]|0?[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-5][0-5]|2[0-4][0-9])'
                    [regex]$ipv4 = "^(?:$octet\.){3}$octet$"
                    $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.IPAddress -match $ipv4 }
                }

                $results
            }
            #Default Execution of Get-DbaTcpPort
            if (-not $All -or ($All -and ($null -eq $someIps))) {
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance "TCP:$instance" -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "TCP:$instance" -Continue
                }

                # WmiComputer can be unreliable :( Use T-SQL
                $sql = "SELECT local_net_address,local_tcp_port FROM sys.dm_exec_connections WHERE session_id = @@SPID"
                $port = $server.Query($sql)

                [PsCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    IPAddress    = $port.local_net_address
                    Port         = $port.local_tcp_port
                    Static       = $true
                    Type         = "Normal"
                } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, IPAddress, Port
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaTempdbUsage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets Tempdb usage for running queries.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function queries DMVs for running sessions using tempdb and returns results if those sessions have user or internal space allocated or deallocated against them.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        If you want to use alternative credentials to connect to the server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Tempdb, Space
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaTempdbUsage

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTempdbUsage -SqlInstance localhost\SQLDEV2K14

        Gets tempdb usage for localhost\SQLDEV2K14

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -le 9) {
                Stop-Function -Message "This function is only supported in SQL Server 2008 or higher." -Continue
            }

            $sql = "SELECT  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
        ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
        SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
        t.session_id AS Spid,
        r.command AS StatementCommand,
        SUBSTRING(   est.[text],
                     (r.statement_start_offset / 2) + 1,
                     ((CASE r.statement_end_offset
                            WHEN-1
                            THEN DATALENGTH(est.[text])
                            ELSE
                            r.statement_end_offset
                       END - r.statement_start_offset
                      ) / 2
                     ) + 1
                 ) AS QueryText,
        QUOTENAME(DB_NAME(r.database_id)) + N'.' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(est.objectid, est.dbid)) + N'.'
        + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(est.objectid, est.dbid)) AS ProcedureName,
        r.start_time AS StartTime,
        tdb.UserObjectAllocated * 8 AS CurrentUserAllocatedKB,
        (t.user_objects_alloc_page_count + tdb.UserObjectAllocated) * 8 AS TotalUserAllocatedKB,
        tdb.UserObjectDeallocated * 8 AS UserDeallocatedKB,
        (t.user_objects_dealloc_page_count + tdb.UserObjectDeallocated) * 8 AS TotalUserDeallocatedKB,
        tdb.InternalObjectAllocated * 8 AS InternalAllocatedKB,
        (t.internal_objects_alloc_page_count + tdb.InternalObjectAllocated) * 8 AS TotalInternalAllocatedKB,
        tdb.InternalObjectDeallocated * 8 AS InternalDeallocatedKB,
        (t.internal_objects_dealloc_page_count + tdb.InternalObjectDeallocated) * 8 AS TotalInternalDeallocatedKB,
        r.reads AS RequestedReads,
        r.writes AS RequestedWrites,
        r.logical_reads AS RequestedLogicalReads,
        r.cpu_time AS RequestedCPUTime,
        s.is_user_process AS IsUserProcess,
        s.[status] AS [Status],
        DB_NAME(r.database_id) AS [Database],
        s.login_name AS LoginName,
        s.original_login_name AS OriginalLoginName,
        s.nt_domain AS NTDomain,
        s.nt_user_name AS NTUserName,
        s.[host_name] AS HostName,
        s.[program_name] AS ProgramName,
        s.login_time AS LoginTime,
        s.last_request_start_time AS LastRequestedStartTime,
        s.last_request_end_time AS LastRequestedEndTime
FROM    sys.dm_db_session_space_usage AS t
INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions AS s
    ON s.session_id = t.session_id
LEFT JOIN sys.dm_exec_requests AS r
    ON r.session_id = s.session_id
LEFT JOIN
          (   SELECT    _tsu.session_id,
                        _tsu.request_id,
                        SUM(_tsu.user_objects_alloc_page_count)       AS UserObjectAllocated,
                        SUM(_tsu.user_objects_dealloc_page_count)     AS UserObjectDeallocated,
                        SUM(_tsu.internal_objects_alloc_page_count)   AS InternalObjectAllocated,
                        SUM(_tsu.internal_objects_dealloc_page_count) AS InternalObjectDeallocated
              FROM      tempdb.sys.dm_db_task_space_usage AS _tsu
              GROUP BY  _tsu.session_id,
                        _tsu.request_id
          ) AS tdb
    ON  tdb.session_id = r.session_id
   AND  tdb.request_id = r.request_id
OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.[sql_handle]) AS est
WHERE   t.session_id != @@SPID
  AND   (tdb.UserObjectAllocated - tdb.UserObjectDeallocated + tdb.InternalObjectAllocated - tdb.InternalObjectDeallocated) != 0
OPTION (RECOMPILE);"

            $server.Query($sql)
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbatoolsLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns log entries for dbatools

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns log entries for dbatools. Handy when debugging or developing a script using it.

    .PARAMETER FunctionName
        Default: "*"
        Only messages written by similar functions will be returned.

    .PARAMETER ModuleName
        Default: "*"
        Only messages written by commands from similar modules will be returned.

    .PARAMETER Target
        Only messags handling the specified target will be returned.

    .PARAMETER Tag
        Only messages containing one of these tags will be returned.

    .PARAMETER Last
        Only messages written by the last X executions will be returned.
        Uses Get-History to determine execution. Ignores Get-message commands.
        By default, this will also include messages from other runspaces. If your command executes in parallel, that's useful.
        If it doesn't and you were offloading executions to other runspaces, consider also filtering by runspace using '-Runspace'

    .PARAMETER Skip
        How many executions to skip when specifying '-Last'.
        Has no effect without the '-Last' parameter.

    .PARAMETER Raw
        By default, messages such as SQL statements are flattened. Use raw to see the output without flattened formatting.

    .PARAMETER Runspace
        The guid of the runspace to return messages from.
        By default, messages from all runspaces are returned.
        Run the following line to see the list of guids:

        Get-Runspace | ft Id, Name, InstanceId -Autosize

    .PARAMETER Level
        Limit the message selection by level.
        Message levels have a numeric value, making it easier to select a range:

        -Level (1..6)

        Will select the first 6 levels (Critical - SomewhatVerbose).

    .PARAMETER Errors
        Instead of log entries, the error entries will be retrieved

    .NOTES
        Tags: Debug
        Author: Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbatoolsLog

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbatoolsLog

        Returns all log entries currently in memory.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbatoolsLog -Target "a" -Last 1 -Skip 1

        Returns all log entries that targeted the object "a" in the second last execution sent.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbatoolsLog -Tag "fail" -Last 5

        Returns all log entries within the last 5 executions that contained the tag "fail"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [string]$FunctionName = "*",
        [string]$ModuleName = "*",
        [AllowNull()]
        [object]$Target,
        [string[]]$Tag,
        [int]$Last,
        [int]$Skip = 0,
        [guid]$Runspace,
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Message.MessageLevel[]]$Level,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch]$Errors
    )
    process {
        if ($Errors) {
            $messages = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Message.LogHost]::GetErrors() | Where-Object {
                ($_.FunctionName -like $FunctionName) -and ($_.ModuleName -like $ModuleName)
            }
        } else {
            $messages = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Message.LogHost]::GetLog() | Where-Object {
                ($_.FunctionName -like $FunctionName) -and ($_.ModuleName -like $ModuleName)
            }
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Target) {
            $messages = $messages | Where-Object TargetObject -eq $Target
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Tag) {
            $messages = $messages | Where-Object {
                $_.Tags | Where-Object {
                    $_ -in $Tag
                }
            }
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Runspace) {
            $messages = $messages | Where-Object Runspace -eq $Runspace
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Last) {
            $history = Get-History | Where-Object CommandLine -NotLike "Get-DbatoolsLog*" | Select-Object -Last $Last -Skip $Skip
            $start = $history[0].StartExecutionTime
            $end = $history[-1].EndExecutionTime

            $messages = $messages | Where-Object {
                ($_.Timestamp -gt $start) -and ($_.Timestamp -lt $end) -and ($_.Runspace -eq ([System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.Runspace]::DefaultRunspace.InstanceId))
            }
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Level) {
            $messages = $messages | Where-Object Level -In $Level
        }

        if ($Raw) {
            return $messages
        } else {
            $messages | Select-Object -Property CallStack, ComputerName, File, FunctionName, Level, Line, @{
                Name       = "Message"
                Expression = {
                    $msg = ($_.Message.Split("`n") -join " ")
                    do {
                        $msg = $msg.Replace('  ', ' ')
                    } until ($msg -notmatch '  ')
                    $msg
                }
            }, ModuleName, Runspace, Tags, TargetObject, Timestamp, Type, Username
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaTopResourceUsage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns the top 20 resource consumers for cached queries based on four different metrics: duration, frequency, IO, and CPU.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns the top 20 resource consumers for cached queries based on four different metrics: duration, frequency, IO, and CPU.

        This command is based off of queries provided by Michael J. Swart at http://michaeljswart.com/go/Top20

        Per Michael: "I've posted queries like this before, and others have written many other versions of this query. All these queries are based on sys.dm_exec_query_stats."

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystem
        This will exclude system objects like replication procedures from being returned.

    .PARAMETER Type
        By default, all Types run but you can specify one or more of the following: Duration, Frequency, IO, or CPU

    .PARAMETER Limit
        By default, these query the Top 20 worst offenders (though more than 20 results can be returned if each of the top 20 have more than 1 subsequent result)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Query, Performance
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaTopResourceUsage

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTopResourceUsage -SqlInstance sql2008, sql2012

        Return the 80 (20 x 4 types) top usage results by duration, frequency, IO, and CPU servers for servers sql2008 and sql2012

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTopResourceUsage -SqlInstance sql2008 -Type Duration, Frequency -Database TestDB

        Return the highest usage by duration (top 20) and frequency (top 20) for the TestDB on sql2008

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTopResourceUsage -SqlInstance sql2016 -Limit 30

        Return the highest usage by duration (top 30) and frequency (top 30) for the TestDB on sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTopResourceUsage -SqlInstance sql2008, sql2012 -ExcludeSystem

        Return the 80 (20 x 4 types) top usage results by duration, frequency, IO, and CPU servers for servers sql2008 and sql2012 without any System Objects

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTopResourceUsage -SqlInstance sql2016| Select-Object *

        Return all the columns plus the QueryPlan column

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [ValidateSet("All", "Duration", "Frequency", "IO", "CPU")]
        [string[]]$Type = "All",
        [int]$Limit = 20,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [switch]$ExcludeSystem
    )

    begin {

        $instancecolumns = " SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
        ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
        SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance, "

        if ($database) {
            $wheredb = " and coalesce(db_name(st.dbid), db_name(cast(pa.value AS INT)), 'Resource') in ('$($database -join '', '')')"
        }

        if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
            $wherenotdb = " and coalesce(db_name(st.dbid), db_name(cast(pa.value AS INT)), 'Resource') notin '$($excludedatabase -join '', '')'"
        }

        if ($ExcludeSystem) {
            $whereexcludesystem = " AND coalesce(object_name(st.objectid, st.dbid), '<none>') NOT LIKE 'sp_MS%' "
        }
        $duration = ";with long_queries as
                        (
                            select top $Limit
                                query_hash,
                                sum(total_elapsed_time) elapsed_time
                            from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
                            where query_hash <> 0x0
                            group by query_hash
                            order by sum(total_elapsed_time) desc
                        )
                        select $instancecolumns
                            coalesce(db_name(st.dbid), db_name(cast(pa.value AS INT)), 'Resource') AS [Database],
                            coalesce(object_name(st.objectid, st.dbid), '<none>') as ObjectName,
                            qs.query_hash as QueryHash,
                            qs.total_elapsed_time / 1000 as TotalElapsedTimeMs,
                            qs.execution_count as ExecutionCount,
                            cast((total_elapsed_time / 1000) / (execution_count + 0.0) as money) as AverageDurationMs,
                            lq.elapsed_time / 1000 as QueryTotalElapsedTimeMs,
                            SUBSTRING(st.TEXT,(qs.statement_start_offset + 2) / 2,
                                (CASE
                                    WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1  THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),st.text)) * 2
                                    ELSE qs.statement_end_offset
                                    END - qs.statement_start_offset) / 2) as QueryText,
                            qp.query_plan as QueryPlan
                        from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
                        join long_queries lq
                            on lq.query_hash = qs.query_hash
                        cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st
                        cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan (qs.plan_handle) qp
                        outer apply sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(qs.plan_handle) pa
                        where pa.attribute = 'dbid' $wheredb $wherenotdb $whereexcludesystem
                        order by lq.elapsed_time desc,
                            lq.query_hash,
                            qs.total_elapsed_time desc
                        option (recompile)"

        $frequency = ";with frequent_queries as
                        (
                            select top $Limit
                                query_hash,
                                sum(execution_count) executions
                            from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
                            where query_hash <> 0x0
                            group by query_hash
                            order by sum(execution_count) desc
                        )
                        select $instancecolumns
                            coalesce(db_name(st.dbid), db_name(cast(pa.value AS INT)), 'Resource') AS [Database],
                            coalesce(object_name(st.objectid, st.dbid), '<none>') as ObjectName,
                            qs.query_hash as QueryHash,
                            qs.execution_count as ExecutionCount,
                            executions as QueryTotalExecutions,
                            SUBSTRING(st.TEXT,(qs.statement_start_offset + 2) / 2,
                                (CASE
                                    WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1  THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),st.text)) * 2
                                    ELSE qs.statement_end_offset
                                    END - qs.statement_start_offset) / 2) as QueryText,
                            qp.query_plan as QueryPlan
                        from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
                        join frequent_queries fq
                            on fq.query_hash = qs.query_hash
                        cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st
                        cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan (qs.plan_handle) qp
                        outer apply sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(qs.plan_handle) pa
                        where pa.attribute = 'dbid'  $wheredb $wherenotdb $whereexcludesystem
                        order by fq.executions desc,
                            fq.query_hash,
                            qs.execution_count desc
                        option (recompile)"

        $io = ";with high_io_queries as
                (
                    select top $Limit
                        query_hash,
                        sum(total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes) io
                    from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
                    where query_hash <> 0x0
                    group by query_hash
                    order by sum(total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes) desc
                )
                select $instancecolumns
                    coalesce(db_name(st.dbid), db_name(cast(pa.value AS INT)), 'Resource') AS [Database],
                    coalesce(object_name(st.objectid, st.dbid), '<none>') as ObjectName,
                    qs.query_hash as QueryHash,
                    qs.total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes as TotalIO,
                    qs.execution_count as ExecutionCount,
                    cast((total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes) / (execution_count + 0.0) as money) as AverageIO,
                    io as QueryTotalIO,
                    SUBSTRING(st.TEXT,(qs.statement_start_offset + 2) / 2,
                        (CASE
                            WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1  THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),st.text)) * 2
                            ELSE qs.statement_end_offset
                            END - qs.statement_start_offset) / 2) as QueryText,
                    qp.query_plan as QueryPlan
                from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
                join high_io_queries fq
                    on fq.query_hash = qs.query_hash
                cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st
                cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan (qs.plan_handle) qp
                outer apply sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(qs.plan_handle) pa
                where pa.attribute = 'dbid' $wheredb $wherenotdb $whereexcludesystem
                order by fq.io desc,
                    fq.query_hash,
                    qs.total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes desc
                option (recompile)"

        $cpu = ";with high_cpu_queries as
                (
                    select top $Limit
                        query_hash,
                        sum(total_worker_time) cpuTime
                    from sys.dm_exec_query_stats
                    where query_hash <> 0x0
                    group by query_hash
                    order by sum(total_worker_time) desc
                )
                select $instancecolumns
                    coalesce(db_name(st.dbid), db_name(cast(pa.value AS INT)), 'Resource') AS [Database],
                    coalesce(object_name(st.objectid, st.dbid), '<none>') as ObjectName,
                    qs.query_hash as QueryHash,
                    qs.total_worker_time as CpuTime,
                    qs.execution_count as ExecutionCount,
                    cast(total_worker_time / (execution_count + 0.0) as money) as AverageCpuMs,
                    cpuTime as QueryTotalCpu,
                    SUBSTRING(st.TEXT,(qs.statement_start_offset + 2) / 2,
                        (CASE
                            WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1  THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX),st.text)) * 2
                            ELSE qs.statement_end_offset
                            END - qs.statement_start_offset) / 2) as QueryText,
                    qp.query_plan as QueryPlan
                from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
                join high_cpu_queries hcq
                    on hcq.query_hash = qs.query_hash
                cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st
                cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan (qs.plan_handle) qp
                outer apply sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(qs.plan_handle) pa
                where pa.attribute = 'dbid' $wheredb $wherenotdb $whereexcludesystem
                order by hcq.cpuTime desc,
                    hcq.query_hash,
                    qs.total_worker_time desc
                option (recompile)"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            if ($server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout -ne 0) {
                $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
            }

            if ($Type -in "All", "Duration") {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Executing SQL: $duration"
                    $server.Query($duration) | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty QueryPlan
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure executing query for duration." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Type -in "All", "Frequency") {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Executing SQL: $frequency"
                    $server.Query($frequency) | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty QueryPlan
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure executing query for frequency." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Type -in "All", "IO") {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Executing SQL: $io"
                    $server.Query($io) | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty QueryPlan
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure executing query for IO." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Type -in "All", "CPU") {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Executing SQL: $cpu"
                    $server.Query($cpu) | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty QueryPlan
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure executing query for CPU." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaTrace {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets a list of trace(s) from specified SQL Server Instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns a list of traces on a SQL Server instance and identifies the default trace file

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        A credential to use to connect to the SQL Instance rather than using Windows Authentication

    .PARAMETER Id
        The id(s) of the Trace

    .PARAMETER Default
        Switch that will only return the information for the default system trace

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Trace
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), http://blog.garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2016

        Lists all the trace files on the sql2016 SQL Server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2016 -Default

        Lists the default trace information on the sql2016 SQL Server.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$Id,
        [switch]$Default,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Get-DbaTraceFile

        # A Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Trace.TraceServer class exists but is buggy
        # and requires x86 PowerShell. So we'll go with T-SQL.
        $sql = "SELECT id, status, path, max_size, stop_time, max_files, is_rowset, is_rollover, is_shutdown, is_default, buffer_count, buffer_size, file_position, reader_spid, start_time, last_event_time, event_count, dropped_event_count FROM sys.traces"

        if ($Id) {
            $idstring = $Id -join ","
            $sql = "$sql WHERE id in ($idstring)"
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                return
            }

            try {
                $results = $server.Query($sql)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting trace data on $server" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            if ($Default) {
                $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.is_default }
            }

            foreach ($row in $results) {
                if ($row.Path.ToString().Length -gt 0) {
                    $remotefile = Join-AdminUnc -servername $server.ComputerName -filepath $row.path
                } else {
                    $remotefile = $null
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName      = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName      = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Id                = $row.id
                    Status            = $row.status
                    IsRunning         = ($row.status -eq 1)
                    Path              = $row.path
                    RemotePath        = $remotefile
                    MaxSize           = $row.max_size
                    StopTime          = $row.stop_time
                    MaxFiles          = $row.max_files
                    IsRowset          = $row.is_rowset
                    IsRollover        = $row.is_rollover
                    IsShutdown        = $row.is_shutdown
                    IsDefault         = $row.is_default
                    BufferCount       = $row.buffer_count
                    BufferSize        = $row.buffer_size
                    FilePosition      = $row.file_position
                    ReaderSpid        = $row.reader_spid
                    StartTime         = $row.start_time
                    LastEventTime     = $row.last_event_time
                    EventCount        = $row.event_count
                    DroppedEventCount = $row.dropped_event_count
                    Parent            = $server
                    SqlCredential     = $SqlCredential
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Parent, RemotePath, RemoStatus, SqlCredential
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaTraceFlag {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get global Trace Flag(s) information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns Trace Flags that are enabled globally on each instance(s) of SQL Server as an object.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER TraceFlag
        Use this switch to filter to a specific Trace Flag.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: TraceFlag
        Author: Kevin Bullen (@sqlpadawan)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        References:  https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/database-console-commands/dbcc-traceon-trace-flags-transact-sql

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaTraceFlag

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all Trace Flag information on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all Trace Flag(s) for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTraceFlag -SqlInstance localhost -TraceFlag 4199,3205

        Returns Trace Flag status for TF 4199 and 3205 for the local SQL Server instance if they are enabled.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$TraceFlag,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $tflags = $server.EnumActiveGlobalTraceFlags()

            if ($tFlags.Rows.Count -eq 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No global trace flags enabled"
                return
            }

            if ($TraceFlag) {
                $tflags = $tflags | Where-Object TraceFlag -In $TraceFlag
            }

            foreach ($tflag in $tflags) {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    TraceFlag    = $tflag.TraceFlag
                    Global       = $tflag.Global
                    Session      = $tflag.Session
                    Status       = $tflag.Status
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty 'Session'
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaUptime {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns the uptime of the SQL Server instance, and if required the hosting windows server

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, this command returns for each SQL Server instance passed in:
        SQL Instance last startup time, Uptime as a PS TimeSpan, Uptime as a formatted string
        Hosting Windows server last startup time, Uptime as a PS TimeSpan, Uptime as a formatted string

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:

        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.

        Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.

        To connect to SQL Server as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the computer (not SQL Server instance) using alternative Windows credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: CIM
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaUptime

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaUptime -SqlInstance SqlBox1\Instance2

        Returns an object with SQL Server start time, uptime as TimeSpan object, uptime as a string, and Windows host boot time, host uptime as TimeSpan objects and host uptime as a string for the sqlexpress instance on winserver

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaUptime -SqlInstance winserver\sqlexpress, sql2016

        Returns an object with SQL Server start time, uptime as TimeSpan object, uptime as a string, and Windows host boot time, host uptime as TimeSpan objects and host uptime as a string for the sqlexpress instance on host winserver  and the default instance on host sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2014 | Get-DbaUptime

        Returns an object with SQL Server start time, uptime as TimeSpan object, uptime as a string, and Windows host boot time, host uptime as TimeSpan objects and host uptime as a string for every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2014

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $nowutc = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime()
    }
    process {
        # uses cim commands
        
        
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ($instance.Gettype().FullName -eq [System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject] ) {
                $servername = $instance.SqlInstance
            } elseif ($instance.Gettype().FullName -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server]) {
                $servername = $instance.ComputerName
            } else {
                $servername = $instance.ComputerName;
            }

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting start times for $servername"
            #Get tempdb creation date
            [dbadatetime]$SQLStartTime = $server.Databases["tempdb"].CreateDate
            $SQLUptime = New-TimeSpan -Start $SQLStartTime.ToUniversalTime() -End $nowutc
            $SQLUptimeString = "{0} days {1} hours {2} minutes {3} seconds" -f $($SQLUptime.Days), $($SQLUptime.Hours), $($SQLUptime.Minutes), $($SQLUptime.Seconds)

            $WindowsServerName = (Resolve-DbaNetworkName $servername -Credential $Credential).FullComputerName

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting WinBootTime via CimInstance for $servername"
                $WinBootTime = (Get-DbaOperatingSystem -ComputerName $windowsServerName -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).LastBootTime
                $WindowsUptime = New-TimeSpan -start $WinBootTime.ToUniversalTime() -end $nowutc
                $WindowsUptimeString = "{0} days {1} hours {2} minutes {3} seconds" -f $($WindowsUptime.Days), $($WindowsUptime.Hours), $($WindowsUptime.Minutes), $($WindowsUptime.Seconds)
            } catch {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting WinBootTime via CimInstance DCOM"
                    $CimOption = New-CimSessionOption -Protocol DCOM
                    $CimSession = New-CimSession -Credential:$Credential -ComputerName $WindowsServerName -SessionOption $CimOption
                    [dbadatetime]$WinBootTime = ($CimSession | Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem).LastBootUpTime
                    $WindowsUptime = New-TimeSpan -start $WinBootTime.ToUniversalTime() -end $nowutc
                    $WindowsUptimeString = "{0} days {1} hours {2} minutes {3} seconds" -f $($WindowsUptime.Days), $($WindowsUptime.Hours), $($WindowsUptime.Minutes), $($WindowsUptime.Seconds)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure getting WinBootTime" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName     = $WindowsServerName
                InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                SqlServer        = $server.Name
                SqlUptime        = $SQLUptime
                WindowsUptime    = $WindowsUptime
                SqlStartTime     = $SQLStartTime
                WindowsBootTime  = $WinBootTime
                SinceSqlStart    = $SQLUptimeString
                SinceWindowsBoot = $WindowsUptimeString
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaUserPermission {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays detailed permissions information for the server and database roles and securables.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command will display all server logins, server level securable, database logins and database securables.

        DISA STIG implementators will find this command useful as it uses Permissions.sql provided by DISA.

        Note that if you Ctrl-C out of this command and end it prematurely, it will leave behind a STIG schema in tempdb.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystemDatabase
        Allows you to suppress output on system databases

    .PARAMETER IncludePublicGuest
        Allows you to include output for public and guest grants.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemObjects
        Allows you to include output on sys schema objects.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Discovery, Permissions, Security
        Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaUserPermission

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaUserPermission -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Check server and database permissions for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaUserPermission -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB

        Check server and database permissions on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaUserPermission -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB -IncludePublicGuest -IncludeSystemObjects

        Check server and database permissions on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database,
        including public and guest grants, and sys schema objects.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Position = 1)]
        [switch]$ExcludeSystemDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludePublicGuest,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemObjects,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sql = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText("$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\stig.sql")

        $endSQL = "	   BEGIN TRY DROP FUNCTION STIG.server_effective_permissions END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP VIEW STIG.server_permissions END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP FUNCTION STIG.members_of_server_role END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP FUNCTION STIG.server_roles_of END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP VIEW STIG.server_role_members END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP FUNCTION STIG.database_effective_permissions END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP VIEW STIG.database_permissions END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP FUNCTION STIG.members_of_db_role END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP FUNCTION STIG.database_roles_of END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP VIEW STIG.database_role_members END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO
                       BEGIN TRY DROP SCHEMA STIG END TRY BEGIN CATCH END CATCH;
                       GO"


        $serverSQL = "SELECT  'SERVER LOGINS' AS Type ,
                                    sl.name AS Member ,
                                    ISNULL(srm.role, 'None') AS [Role/Securable/Class] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Schema/Owner] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Securable] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Grantee Type] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Grantee] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Permission] ,
                                    ' ' AS [State] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Grantor] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Grantor Type] ,
                                    ' ' AS [Source View]
                            FROM    master.sys.syslogins sl
                                    LEFT JOIN tempdb.[STIG].[server_role_members] srm ON sl.name = srm.member
                            WHERE   sl.name NOT LIKE 'NT %'
                                    AND sl.name NOT LIKE '##%'
                            UNION
                            SELECT  'SERVER SECURABLES' AS Type ,
                                    sl.name ,
                                    sp.[Securable Class] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                    ' ' ,
                                    sp.[Securable] ,
                                    sp.[Grantee Type] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                    sp.Grantee ,
                                    sp.Permission COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                    sp.State COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                    sp.Grantor ,
                                    sp.[Grantor Type] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                    sp.[Source View]
                            FROM    master.sys.syslogins sl
                                    LEFT JOIN tempdb.[STIG].[server_permissions] sp ON sl.name = sp.Grantee
                            WHERE   sl.name NOT LIKE 'NT %'
                                    AND sl.name NOT LIKE '##%';"

        $dbSQL = "SELECT  'DB ROLE MEMBERS' AS type ,
                                Member ,
                                Role ,
                                ' ' AS [Schema/Owner] ,
                                ' ' AS [Securable] ,
                                ' ' AS [Grantee Type] ,
                                ' ' AS [Grantee] ,
                                ' ' AS [Permission] ,
                                ' ' AS [State] ,
                                ' ' AS [Grantor] ,
                                ' ' AS [Grantor Type] ,
                                ' ' AS [Source View]
                        FROM    tempdb.[STIG].[database_role_members]
                        UNION
                        SELECT DISTINCT
                                'DB SECURABLES' AS Type ,
                                drm.member ,
                                dp.[Securable Type or Class] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                dp.[Schema/Owner] ,
                                dp.Securable ,
                                dp.[Grantee Type] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                dp.Grantee ,
                                dp.Permission COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                dp.State COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                dp.Grantor ,
                                dp.[Grantor Type] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS ,
                                dp.[Source View]
                        FROM    tempdb.[STIG].[database_role_members] drm
                                LEFT JOIN tempdb.[STIG].[database_permissions] dp ON ( drm.member = dp.grantee
                                                                                      OR drm.role = dp.grantee
                                                                                     )
                        WHERE	dp.Grantor IS NOT NULL
                                AND [Schema/Owner] <> 'sys'"

        if ($IncludePublicGuest) { $dbSQL = $dbSQL.Replace("LEFT JOIN", "FULL JOIN") }
        if ($IncludeSystemObjects) { $dbSQL = $dbSQL.Replace("AND [Schema/Owner] <> 'sys'", "") }

    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if ($ExcludeSystemDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
            }

            #reset $serverDT
            $serverDT = $null

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not accessible" -Continue
                }

                $sql = $sql.Replace("<TARGETDB>", $db.Name)

                #Create objects in active database
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating objects"
                try {
                    $db.ExecuteNonQuery($sql)
                } catch {
                    # here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                } # sometimes it complains about not being able to drop the stig schema if the person Ctrl-C'd before.

                #Grab permissions data
                if (-not $serverDT) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Building data table for server objects"

                    try {
                        $serverDT = $db.Query($serverSQL)
                    } catch {
                        # here to avoid an empty catch
                        $null = 1
                    }

                    foreach ($row in $serverDT) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName       = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Object             = 'SERVER'
                            Type               = $row.Type
                            Member             = $row.Member
                            RoleSecurableClass = $row.'Role/Securable/Class'
                            SchemaOwner        = $row.'Schema/Owner'
                            Securable          = $row.Securable
                            GranteeType        = $row.'Grantee Type'
                            Grantee            = $row.Grantee
                            Permission         = $row.Permission
                            State              = $row.State
                            Grantor            = $row.Grantor
                            GrantorType        = $row.'Grantor Type'
                            SourceView         = $row.'Source View'
                        }
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Building data table for $db objects"
                try {
                    $dbDT = $db.Query($dbSQL)
                } catch {
                    # here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }

                foreach ($row in $dbDT) {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName       = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Object             = $db.Name
                        Type               = $row.Type
                        Member             = $row.Member
                        RoleSecurableClass = $row.'Role/Securable/Class'
                        SchemaOwner        = $row.'Schema/Owner'
                        Securable          = $row.Securable
                        GranteeType        = $row.'Grantee Type'
                        Grantee            = $row.Grantee
                        Permission         = $row.Permission
                        State              = $row.State
                        Grantor            = $row.Grantor
                        GrantorType        = $row.'Grantor Type'
                        SourceView         = $row.'Source View'
                    }
                }

                #Delete objects
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Deleting objects"
                try {
                    $db.ExecuteNonQuery($endSQL)
                } catch {
                    # here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }
                $sql = $sql.Replace($db.Name, "<TARGETDB>")

                #Sashay Away
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaUserLevelPermission
    }
}
function Get-DbaWaitingTask {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays waiting task.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command is based on waiting task T-SQL script published by Paul Randal.
        Reference: https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/updated-sys-dm_os_waiting_tasks-script-2/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version XXXX or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Spid
        Find the waiting task of one or more specific process ids

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemSpid
        If this switch is enabled, the output will include the system sessions.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Waits,Task,WaitTask
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton), https://wsmelton.github.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWaitingTask

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWaitingTask -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Returns the waiting task for all sessions on sqlserver2014a

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWaitingTask -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -IncludeSystemSpid

        Returns the waiting task for all sessions (user and system) on sqlserver2014a

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [object[]]$Spid,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemSpid,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "
            SELECT
                [owt].[session_id] AS [Spid],
                [owt].[exec_context_id] AS [Thread],
                [ot].[scheduler_id] AS [Scheduler],
                [owt].[wait_duration_ms] AS [WaitMs],
                [owt].[wait_type] AS [WaitType],
                [owt].[blocking_session_id] AS [BlockingSpid],
                [owt].[resource_description] AS [ResourceDesc],
                CASE [owt].[wait_type]
                    WHEN N'CXPACKET' THEN
                        RIGHT ([owt].[resource_description],
                            CHARINDEX (N'=', REVERSE ([owt].[resource_description])) - 1)
                    ELSE NULL
                END AS [NodeId],
                [eqmg].[dop] AS [Dop],
                [er].[database_id] AS [DbId],
                [est].text AS [SqlText],
                [eqp].[query_plan] AS [QueryPlan],
                CAST ('https://www.sqlskills.com/help/waits/' + [owt].[wait_type] as XML) AS [URL]
            FROM sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks [owt]
            INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_tasks [ot] ON
                [owt].[waiting_task_address] = [ot].[task_address]
            INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions [es] ON
                [owt].[session_id] = [es].[session_id]
            INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_requests [er] ON
                [es].[session_id] = [er].[session_id]
            FULL JOIN sys.dm_exec_query_memory_grants [eqmg] ON
                [owt].[session_id] = [eqmg].[session_id]
            OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text ([er].[sql_handle]) [est]
            OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan ([er].[plan_handle]) [eqp]
            WHERE
                [es].[is_user_process] = $(if (Test-Bound 'IncludeSystemSpid') {0} else {1})
            ORDER BY
                [owt].[session_id],
                [owt].[exec_context_id]
            OPTION(RECOMPILE);"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $results = $server.Query($sql)
            foreach ($row in $results) {
                if (Test-Bound 'Spid') {
                    if ($row.Spid -notin $Spid) { continue }
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Spid         = $row.Spid
                    Thread       = $row.Thread
                    Scheduler    = $row.Scheduler
                    WaitMs       = $row.WaitMs
                    WaitType     = $row.WaitType
                    BlockingSpid = $row.BlockingSpid
                    ResourceDesc = $row.ResourceDesc
                    NodeId       = $row.NodeId
                    Dop          = $row.Dop
                    DbId         = $row.DbId
                    SqlText      = $row.SqlText
                    QueryPlan    = $row.QueryPlan
                    InfoUrl      = $row.InfoUrl
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty 'SqlText', 'QueryPlan', 'InfoUrl'
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaWaitResource {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns the resource being waited upon

    .DESCRIPTION
        Given a wait resource in the form of 'PAGE: 10:1:9180084' returns the database, data file and the system object which is being waited up.

        Given a wait resource in the form of 'KEY: 7:35457594073541168 (de21f92a1572)', returns the database, object and index that is being waited on, With the -row switch the row data will also be returned.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.

    .PARAMETER WaitResource
        The wait resource value as supplied in sys.dm_exec_requests

    .PARAMETER Row
        If this switch provided also returns the value of the row being waited on with KEY wait resources

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        Replaces user friendly yellow warnings with bloody red exceptions of doom!
        Use this if you want the function to throw terminating errors you want to catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Pages, DBCC
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWaitResource

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWaitResource -SqlInstance server1 -WaitResource 'PAGE: 10:1:9180084'

        Will return an object containing; database name, data file name, schema name and the object which owns the resource

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWaitResource -SqlInstance server2 -WaitResource 'KEY: 7:35457594073541168 (de21f92a1572)'

        Will return an object containing; database name, schema name and index name which is being waited on.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWaitResource -SqlInstance server2 -WaitResource 'KEY: 7:35457594073541168 (de21f92a1572)' -row

        Will return an object containing; database name, schema name and index name which is being waited on, and in addition the contents of the locked row at the time the command is run.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance]$SqlInstance,
        [PsCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [string]$WaitResource,
        [switch]$Row,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if ($WaitResource -notmatch '^PAGE: [0-9]*:[0-9]*:[0-9]*$' -and $WaitResource -notmatch '^KEY: [0-9]*:[0-9]* \([a-f0-9]*\)$') {
            Stop-Function -Message "Row input - $WaitResource - Improperly formatted"
            return
        }

        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        } catch {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Cannot connect to $SqlInstance"
        }

        $null = $WaitResource -match '^(?<Type>[A-Z]*): (?<dbid>[0-9]*):*'
        $ResourceType = $matches.Type
        $DbId = $matches.DbId
        $DbName = ($server.Databases | Where-Object ID -eq $dbid).Name
        if ($null -eq $DbName) {
            stop-function -Message "Database with id $dbid does not exist on $server"
            return
        }
        if ($ResourceType -eq 'PAGE') {
            $null = $WaitResource -match '^(?<Type>[A-Z]*): (?<dbid>[0-9]*):(?<FileID>[0-9]*):(?<PageID>[0-9]*)$'
            $DataFileSql = "select name, physical_name from sys.master_files where database_id=$DbID and file_ID=$($matches.FileID);"
            $DataFile = $server.query($DataFileSql)
            if ($null -eq $DataFile) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Datafile with id $($matches.FileID) for $dbname not found"
                return
            }
            $ObjectIdSQL = "dbcc traceon (3604); dbcc page ($dbid,$($matches.fileID),$($matches.PageID),2) with tableresults;"
            try {
                $ObjectID = ($server.databases[$dbname].Query($ObjectIdSQL) | Where-Object Field -eq 'Metadata: ObjectId').Value
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "You've requested a page beyond the end of the database, exiting"
                return
            }
            if ($null -eq $ObjectID) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Object not found, could have been delete, or a transcription error when copying the Wait_resource to PowerShell"
                return
            }
            $ObjectSql = "select SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) as SchemaName, name, type_desc from sys.all_objects where object_id=$objectID;"
            $Object = $server.databases[$dbname].query($ObjectSql)
            if ($null -eq $Object) {
                Write-Message -Warning "Object could not be found. Could have been removed, or could be a transcription error copying the Wait_resource to sowerShell"
            }
            [PsCustomObject]@{
                DatabaseID   = $DbId
                DatabaseName = $DbName
                DataFileName = $Datafile.name
                DataFilePath = $DataFile.physical_name
                ObjectID     = $ObjectID
                ObjectName   = $Object.Name
                ObjectSchema = $Object.SchemaName
                ObjectType   = $Object.type_desc
            }
        }
        if ($ResourceType -eq 'KEY') {
            $null = $WaitResource -match '^(?<Type>[A-Z]*): (?<dbid>[0-9]*):(?<frodo>[0-9]*) (?<physloc>\(.*\))$'
            $IndexSql = "select
                            sp.object_id as ObjectID,
                            OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(sp.object_id) as SchemaName,
                            sao.name as ObjectName,
                            si.name as IndexName
                        from
                            sys.partitions sp inner join sys.indexes si on sp.index_id=si.index_id and sp.object_id=si.object_id
                                inner join sys.all_objects sao on sp.object_id=sao.object_id
                        where
                            hobt_id = $($matches.frodo);
                "
            $Index = $server.databases[$dbname].Query($IndexSql)
            if ($null -eq $Index) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Heap or B-Tree with ID $($matches.frodo) can not be found in $dbname on $server"
                return
            }
            $output = [PsCustomObject]@{
                DatabaseID   = $DbId
                DatabaseName = $DbName
                SchemaName   = $Index.SchemaName
                IndexName    = $Index.IndexName
                ObjectID     = $index.ObjectID
                Objectname   = $index.ObjectName
                HobtID       = $matches.frodo
            }
            if ($row -eq $True) {
                $DataSql = "select * from $($Index.SchemaName).$($Index.ObjectName) with (NOLOCK) where %%lockres%% ='$($matches.physloc)'"
                $Data = $server.databases[$dbname].query($DataSql)
                if ($null -eq $data) {
                    Write-Message -Level warning -Message "Could not retrieve the data. It may have been deleted or moved since the wait resource value was generated"
                } else {
                    $output | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name ObjectData -Value $Data
                    $output | Select-Object * -ExpandProperty ObjectData
                }
            } else {
                $output
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaWaitStatistic {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays wait statistics

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command is based off of Paul Randal's post "Wait statistics, or please tell me where it hurts"

        Returns:
        WaitType
        Category
        WaitSeconds
        ResourceSeconds
        SignalSeconds
        WaitCount
        Percentage
        AverageWaitSeconds
        AverageResourceSeconds
        AverageSignalSeconds
        URL

        Reference: https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/wait-statistics-or-please-tell-me-where-it-hurts/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2005 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Threshold
        Threshold, in percentage of all waits on the system. Default per Paul's post is 95%.

    .PARAMETER IncludeIgnorable
        Some waits are no big deal and can be safely ignored in most circumstances. If you've got weird issues with mirroring or AGs.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: WaitStatistic
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWaitStatistic

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWaitStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Check wait statistics for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWaitStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008 -Threshold 98 -IncludeIgnorable

        Check wait statistics on server sql2008 for thresholds above 98% and include wait stats that are most often, but not always, ignorable

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWaitStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008 | Select *

        Shows detailed notes, if available, from Paul's post

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $output = Get-DbaWaitStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008 -Threshold 100 -IncludeIgnorable | Select-Object * | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable

        Collects all Wait Statistics (including ignorable waits) on server sql2008 into a Data Table.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $output = Get-DbaWaitStatistic -SqlInstance sql2008
        PS C:\> foreach ($row in ($output | Sort-Object -Unique Url)) { Start-Process ($row).Url }

        Displays the output then loads the associated sqlskills website for each result. Opens one tab per unique URL.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int]$Threshold = 95,
        [switch]$IncludeIgnorable,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $details = [pscustomobject]@{
            CXPACKET                         = "This indicates parallelism, not necessarily that there's a problem. The coordinator thread in a parallel query always accumulates these waits. If the parallel threads are not given equal amounts of work to do, or one thread blocks, the waiting threads will also accumulate CXPACKET waits, which will make them aggregate a lot faster - this is a problem. One thread may have a lot more to do than the others, and so the whole query is blocked while the long-running thread completes. If this is combined with a high number of PAGEIOLATCH_XX waits, it could be large parallel table scans going on because of incorrect non-clustered indexes, or a bad query plan. If neither of these are the issue, you might want to try setting MAXDOP to 4, 2, or 1 for the offending queries (or possibly the whole instance). Make sure that if you have a NUMA system that you try setting MAXDOP to the number of cores in a single NUMA node first to see if that helps the problem. You also need to consider the MAXDOP effect on a mixed-load system. Play with the cost threshold for parallelism setting (bump it up to, say, 25) before reducing the MAXDOP of the whole instance. And don't forget Resource Governor in Enterprise Edition of  SQL Server 2008 onward that allows DOP governing for a particular group of connections to the server."
            PAGEIOLATCH_XX                   = "This is where SQL Server is waiting for a data page to be read from disk into memory. It may indicate a bottleneck at the IO subsystem level (which is a common knee-jerk response to seeing these), but why is the I/O subsystem having to service so many reads? It could be buffer pool/memory pressure (i.e. not enough memory for the workload), a sudden change in query plans causing a large parallel scan instead of a seek, plan cache bloat, or a number of other things. Don't assume the root cause is the I/O subsystem."
            ASYNC_NETWORK_IO                 = "This is usually where SQL Server is waiting for a client to finish consuming data. It could be that the client has asked for a very large amount of data or just that it's consuming it reeeeeally slowly because of poor programming - I rarely see this being a network issue. Clients often process one row at a time - called RBAR or Row-By-Agonizing-Row - instead of caching the data on the client and acknowledging to SQL Server immediately."
            WRITELOG                         = "This is the log management system waiting for a log flush to disk. It commonly indicates that the I/O subsystem can't keep up with the log flush volume, but on very high-volume systems it could also be caused by internal log flush limits, that may mean you have to split your workload over multiple databases or even make your transactions a little longer to reduce log flushes. To be sure it is the I/O subsystem, use the DMV sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats to examine the I/O latency for the log file and see if it correlates to the average WRITELOG time. If WRITELOG is longer, you've got internal contention and need to shard. If not, investigate why you're creating so much transaction log."
            BROKER_RECEIVE_WAITFOR           = "This is just Service Broker waiting around for new messages to receive. I would add this to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            MSQL_XP                          = "This is SQL Server waiting for an extended stored-proc to finish. This could indicate a problem in your XP code."
            OLEDB                            = "As its name suggests, this is a wait for something communicating using OLEDB - e.g. a linked server. However, OLEDB is also used by all DMVs and by DBCC CHECKDB, so don't assume linked servers are the problem - it could be a third-party monitoring tool making excessive DMV calls. If it *is* a linked server (wait times in the 10s or 100s of milliseconds), go to the linked server and do wait stats analysis there to figure out what the performance issue is there."
            BACKUPIO                         = "This can show up when you're backing up to a slow I/O subsystem, like directly to tape, which is slooooow, or over a network."
            LCK_M_XX                         = "This is simply the thread waiting for a lock to be granted and indicates blocking problems. These could be caused by unwanted lock escalation or bad programming, but could also be from I/Os taking a long time causing locks to be held for longer than usual. Look at the resource associated with the lock using the DMV sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks. Don't assume that locking is the root cause."
            ONDEMAND_TASK_QUEUE              = "This is normal and is part of the background task system (e.g. deferred drop, ghost cleanup).  I would add this to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            BACKUPBUFFER                     = "This commonly show up with BACKUPIO and is a backup thread waiting for a buffer to write backup data into."
            IO_COMPLETION                    = "This is SQL Server waiting for non-data page I/Os to complete and could be an indication that the I/O subsystem is overloaded if the latencies look high (see Are I/O latencies killing your performance?)"
            SOS_SCHEDULER_YIELD              = "This is code running that doesn't hit any resource waits."
            DBMIRROR_EVENTS_QUEUE            = "These two are database mirroring just sitting around waiting for something to do. I would add these to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            DBMIRRORING_CMD                  = "These two are database mirroring just sitting around waiting for something to do. I would add these to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            PAGELATCH_XX                     = "This is contention for access to in-memory copies of pages. The most well-known cases of these are the PFS and SGAM contention that can occur in tempdb under certain workloads. To find out what page the contention is on, you'll need to use the DMV sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks to figure out what page the latch is for. For tempdb issues, Robert Davis (blog | twitter) has a good post showing how to do this. Another common cause I've seen is an index hot-spot with concurrent inserts into an index with an identity value key."
            LATCH_XX                         = "This is contention for some non-page structure inside SQL Server - so not related to I/O or data at all. These can be hard to figure out and you're going to be using the DMV sys.dm_os_latch_stats. More on this in my Latches category."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_PIPEOPS            = "This is SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something, and this particular wait is usually from using xp_cmdshell. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            THREADPOOL                       = "This says that there aren't enough worker threads on the system to satisfy demand. Commonly this is large numbers of high-DOP queries trying to execute and taking all the threads from the thread pool."
            BROKER_TRANSMITTER               = "This is just Service Broker waiting around for new messages to send. I would add this to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            SQLTRACE_WAIT_ENTRIES            = "Part of SQL Trace. I would add this to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            DBMIRROR_DBM_MUTEX               = "This one is undocumented and is contention for the send buffer that database mirroring shares between all the mirroring sessions on a server. It could indicate that you've got too many mirroring sessions."
            RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE               = "This is queries waiting for execution memory (the memory used to process the query operators - like a sort). This could be memory pressure or a very high concurrent workload."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHENTICATIONOPS  = "These are SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GENERICOPS         = "These are SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            SLEEP_BPOOL_FLUSH                = "This is normal to see and indicates that checkpoint is throttling itself to avoid overloading the IO subsystem. I would add this to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
            MSQL_DQ                          = "This is SQL Server waiting for a distributed query to finish. This could indicate a problem with the distributed query, or it could just be normal."
            RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE_QUERY_COMPILE = "When there are too many concurrent query compilations going on, SQL Server will throttle them. I don't remember the threshold, but this can indicate excessive recompilation, or maybe single-use plans."
            DAC_INIT                         = "This is the Dedicated Admin Connection initializing."
            MSSEARCH                         = "This is normal to see for full-text operations.  If this is the highest wait, it could mean your system is spending most of its time doing full-text queries. You might want to consider adding this to the filter list."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FILEOPS            = "These are SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_LIBRARYOPS         = "These are SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_LOOKUPACCOUNTSID   = "These are SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_QUERYREGISTRY      = "These are SQL Server switching to preemptive scheduling mode to call out to Windows for something. These were added for 2008 and aren't documented anywhere except through the links to my waits library."
            SQLTRACE_LOCK                    = "Part of SQL Trace. I would add this to the list of waits to filter out and re-run the wait stats query."
        }

        # Thanks Brent Ozar via https://gist.github.com/BrentOzar/42e82ee0603a1917c17d74c3fca26d34
        # Thanks Marcin Gminski via https://www.dropbox.com/s/x3zr7u18tc1ojey/WaitStats.sql?dl=0

        $category = [pscustomobject]@{
            ASYNC_IO_COMPLETION                             = 'Other Disk IO'
            ASYNC_NETWORK_IO                                = 'Network IO'
            BACKUPIO                                        = 'Other Disk IO'
            BROKER_CONNECTION_RECEIVE_TASK                  = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_DISPATCHER                               = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_ENDPOINT_STATE_MUTEX                     = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_EVENTHANDLER                             = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_FORWARDER                                = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_INIT                                     = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_MASTERSTART                              = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_RECEIVE_WAITFOR                          = 'User Wait'
            BROKER_REGISTERALLENDPOINTS                     = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_SERVICE                                  = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_SHUTDOWN                                 = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_START                                    = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TASK_SHUTDOWN                            = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TASK_STOP                                = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TASK_SUBMIT                              = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TO_FLUSH                                 = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TRANSMISSION_OBJECT                      = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TRANSMISSION_TABLE                       = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TRANSMISSION_WORK                        = 'Service Broker'
            BROKER_TRANSMITTER                              = 'Service Broker'
            CHECKPOINT_QUEUE                                = 'Idle'
            CHKPT                                           = 'Tran Log IO'
            CLR_AUTO_EVENT                                  = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_CRST                                        = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_JOIN                                        = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_MANUAL_EVENT                                = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_MEMORY_SPY                                  = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_MONITOR                                     = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_RWLOCK_READER                               = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_RWLOCK_WRITER                               = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_SEMAPHORE                                   = 'SQL CLR'
            CLR_TASK_START                                  = 'SQL CLR'
            CLRHOST_STATE_ACCESS                            = 'SQL CLR'
            CMEMPARTITIONED                                 = 'Memory'
            CMEMTHREAD                                      = 'Memory'
            CXPACKET                                        = 'Parallelism'
            DBMIRROR_DBM_EVENT                              = 'Mirroring'
            DBMIRROR_DBM_MUTEX                              = 'Mirroring'
            DBMIRROR_EVENTS_QUEUE                           = 'Mirroring'
            DBMIRROR_SEND                                   = 'Mirroring'
            DBMIRROR_WORKER_QUEUE                           = 'Mirroring'
            DBMIRRORING_CMD                                 = 'Mirroring'
            DTC                                             = 'Transaction'
            DTC_ABORT_REQUEST                               = 'Transaction'
            DTC_RESOLVE                                     = 'Transaction'
            DTC_STATE                                       = 'Transaction'
            DTC_TMDOWN_REQUEST                              = 'Transaction'
            DTC_WAITFOR_OUTCOME                             = 'Transaction'
            DTCNEW_ENLIST                                   = 'Transaction'
            DTCNEW_PREPARE                                  = 'Transaction'
            DTCNEW_RECOVERY                                 = 'Transaction'
            DTCNEW_TM                                       = 'Transaction'
            DTCNEW_TRANSACTION_ENLISTMENT                   = 'Transaction'
            DTCPNTSYNC                                      = 'Transaction'
            EE_PMOLOCK                                      = 'Memory'
            EXCHANGE                                        = 'Parallelism'
            EXTERNAL_SCRIPT_NETWORK_IOF                     = 'Network IO'
            FCB_REPLICA_READ                                = 'Replication'
            FCB_REPLICA_WRITE                               = 'Replication'
            FT_COMPROWSET_RWLOCK                            = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_IFTS_RWLOCK                                  = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_IFTS_SCHEDULER_IDLE_WAIT                     = 'Idle'
            FT_IFTSHC_MUTEX                                 = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_IFTSISM_MUTEX                                = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_MASTER_MERGE                                 = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_MASTER_MERGE_COORDINATOR                     = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_METADATA_MUTEX                               = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_PROPERTYLIST_CACHE                           = 'Full Text Search'
            FT_RESTART_CRAWL                                = 'Full Text Search'
            'FULLTEXT GATHERER'                             = 'Full Text Search'
            HADR_AG_MUTEX                                   = 'Replication'
            HADR_AR_CRITICAL_SECTION_ENTRY                  = 'Replication'
            HADR_AR_MANAGER_MUTEX                           = 'Replication'
            HADR_AR_UNLOAD_COMPLETED                        = 'Replication'
            HADR_ARCONTROLLER_NOTIFICATIONS_SUBSCRIBER_LIST = 'Replication'
            HADR_BACKUP_BULK_LOCK                           = 'Replication'
            HADR_BACKUP_QUEUE                               = 'Replication'
            HADR_CLUSAPI_CALL                               = 'Replication'
            HADR_COMPRESSED_CACHE_SYNC                      = 'Replication'
            HADR_CONNECTIVITY_INFO                          = 'Replication'
            HADR_DATABASE_FLOW_CONTROL                      = 'Replication'
            HADR_DATABASE_VERSIONING_STATE                  = 'Replication'
            HADR_DATABASE_WAIT_FOR_RECOVERY                 = 'Replication'
            HADR_DATABASE_WAIT_FOR_RESTART                  = 'Replication'
            HADR_DATABASE_WAIT_FOR_TRANSITION_TO_VERSIONING = 'Replication'
            HADR_DB_COMMAND                                 = 'Replication'
            HADR_DB_OP_COMPLETION_SYNC                      = 'Replication'
            HADR_DB_OP_START_SYNC                           = 'Replication'
            HADR_DBR_SUBSCRIBER                             = 'Replication'
            HADR_DBR_SUBSCRIBER_FILTER_LIST                 = 'Replication'
            HADR_DBSEEDING                                  = 'Replication'
            HADR_DBSEEDING_LIST                             = 'Replication'
            HADR_DBSTATECHANGE_SYNC                         = 'Replication'
            HADR_FABRIC_CALLBACK                            = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_BLOCK_FLUSH                     = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_FILE_CLOSE                      = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_FILE_REQUEST                    = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_IOMGR                           = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_IOMGR_IOCOMPLETION              = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_MANAGER                         = 'Replication'
            HADR_FILESTREAM_PREPROC                         = 'Replication'
            HADR_GROUP_COMMIT                               = 'Replication'
            HADR_LOGCAPTURE_SYNC                            = 'Replication'
            HADR_LOGCAPTURE_WAIT                            = 'Replication'
            HADR_LOGPROGRESS_SYNC                           = 'Replication'
            HADR_NOTIFICATION_DEQUEUE                       = 'Replication'
            HADR_NOTIFICATION_WORKER_EXCLUSIVE_ACCESS       = 'Replication'
            HADR_NOTIFICATION_WORKER_STARTUP_SYNC           = 'Replication'
            HADR_NOTIFICATION_WORKER_TERMINATION_SYNC       = 'Replication'
            HADR_PARTNER_SYNC                               = 'Replication'
            HADR_READ_ALL_NETWORKS                          = 'Replication'
            HADR_RECOVERY_WAIT_FOR_CONNECTION               = 'Replication'
            HADR_RECOVERY_WAIT_FOR_UNDO                     = 'Replication'
            HADR_REPLICAINFO_SYNC                           = 'Replication'
            HADR_SEEDING_CANCELLATION                       = 'Replication'
            HADR_SEEDING_FILE_LIST                          = 'Replication'
            HADR_SEEDING_LIMIT_BACKUPS                      = 'Replication'
            HADR_SEEDING_SYNC_COMPLETION                    = 'Replication'
            HADR_SEEDING_TIMEOUT_TASK                       = 'Replication'
            HADR_SEEDING_WAIT_FOR_COMPLETION                = 'Replication'
            HADR_SYNC_COMMIT                                = 'Replication'
            HADR_SYNCHRONIZING_THROTTLE                     = 'Replication'
            HADR_TDS_LISTENER_SYNC                          = 'Replication'
            HADR_TDS_LISTENER_SYNC_PROCESSING               = 'Replication'
            HADR_THROTTLE_LOG_RATE_GOVERNOR                 = 'Log Rate Governor'
            HADR_TIMER_TASK                                 = 'Replication'
            HADR_TRANSPORT_DBRLIST                          = 'Replication'
            HADR_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL                     = 'Replication'
            HADR_TRANSPORT_SESSION                          = 'Replication'
            HADR_WORK_POOL                                  = 'Replication'
            HADR_WORK_QUEUE                                 = 'Replication'
            HADR_XRF_STACK_ACCESS                           = 'Replication'
            INSTANCE_LOG_RATE_GOVERNOR                      = 'Log Rate Governor'
            IO_COMPLETION                                   = 'Other Disk IO'
            IO_QUEUE_LIMIT                                  = 'Other Disk IO'
            IO_RETRY                                        = 'Other Disk IO'
            LATCH_DT                                        = 'Latch'
            LATCH_EX                                        = 'Latch'
            LATCH_KP                                        = 'Latch'
            LATCH_NL                                        = 'Latch'
            LATCH_SH                                        = 'Latch'
            LATCH_UP                                        = 'Latch'
            LAZYWRITER_SLEEP                                = 'Idle'
            LCK_M_BU                                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_BU_ABORT_BLOCKERS                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_BU_LOW_PRIORITY                           = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IS                                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IS_ABORT_BLOCKERS                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IS_LOW_PRIORITY                           = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IU                                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IU_ABORT_BLOCKERS                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IU_LOW_PRIORITY                           = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IX                                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IX_ABORT_BLOCKERS                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_IX_LOW_PRIORITY                           = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_NL                                    = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_NL_ABORT_BLOCKERS                     = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_NL_LOW_PRIORITY                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_S                                     = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_S_ABORT_BLOCKERS                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_S_LOW_PRIORITY                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_U                                     = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_U_ABORT_BLOCKERS                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_U_LOW_PRIORITY                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_X                                     = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_X_ABORT_BLOCKERS                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RIn_X_LOW_PRIORITY                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RS_S                                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RS_S_ABORT_BLOCKERS                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RS_S_LOW_PRIORITY                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RS_U                                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RS_U_ABORT_BLOCKERS                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RS_U_LOW_PRIORITY                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_S                                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_S_ABORT_BLOCKERS                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_S_LOW_PRIORITY                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_U                                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_U_ABORT_BLOCKERS                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_U_LOW_PRIORITY                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_X                                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_X_ABORT_BLOCKERS                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_RX_X_LOW_PRIORITY                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_S                                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_S_ABORT_BLOCKERS                          = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_S_LOW_PRIORITY                            = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SCH_M                                     = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SCH_M_ABORT_BLOCKERS                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SCH_M_LOW_PRIORITY                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SCH_S                                     = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SCH_S_ABORT_BLOCKERS                      = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SCH_S_LOW_PRIORITY                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SIU                                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SIU_ABORT_BLOCKERS                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SIU_LOW_PRIORITY                          = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SIX                                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SIX_ABORT_BLOCKERS                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_SIX_LOW_PRIORITY                          = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_U                                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_U_ABORT_BLOCKERS                          = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_U_LOW_PRIORITY                            = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_UIX                                       = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_UIX_ABORT_BLOCKERS                        = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_UIX_LOW_PRIORITY                          = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_X                                         = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_X_ABORT_BLOCKERS                          = 'Lock'
            LCK_M_X_LOW_PRIORITY                            = 'Lock'
            LOGBUFFER                                       = 'Tran Log IO'
            LOGMGR                                          = 'Tran Log IO'
            LOGMGR_FLUSH                                    = 'Tran Log IO'
            LOGMGR_PMM_LOG                                  = 'Tran Log IO'
            LOGMGR_QUEUE                                    = 'Idle'
            LOGMGR_RESERVE_APPEND                           = 'Tran Log IO'
            MEMORY_ALLOCATION_EXT                           = 'Memory'
            MEMORY_GRANT_UPDATE                             = 'Memory'
            MSQL_XACT_MGR_MUTEX                             = 'Transaction'
            MSQL_XACT_MUTEX                                 = 'Transaction'
            MSSEARCH                                        = 'Full Text Search'
            NET_WAITFOR_PACKET                              = 'Network IO'
            ONDEMAND_TASK_QUEUE                             = 'Idle'
            PAGEIOLATCH_DT                                  = 'Buffer IO'
            PAGEIOLATCH_EX                                  = 'Buffer IO'
            PAGEIOLATCH_KP                                  = 'Buffer IO'
            PAGEIOLATCH_NL                                  = 'Buffer IO'
            PAGEIOLATCH_SH                                  = 'Buffer IO'
            PAGEIOLATCH_UP                                  = 'Buffer IO'
            PAGELATCH_DT                                    = 'Buffer Latch'
            PAGELATCH_EX                                    = 'Buffer Latch'
            PAGELATCH_KP                                    = 'Buffer Latch'
            PAGELATCH_NL                                    = 'Buffer Latch'
            PAGELATCH_SH                                    = 'Buffer Latch'
            PAGELATCH_UP                                    = 'Buffer Latch'
            POOL_LOG_RATE_GOVERNOR                          = 'Log Rate Governor'
            PREEMPTIVE_ABR                                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_CLOSEBACKUPMEDIA                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_CLOSEBACKUPTAPE                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_CLOSEBACKUPVDIDEVICE                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_CLUSAPI_CLUSTERRESOURCECONTROL       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_COCREATEINSTANCE                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_COGETCLASSOBJECT                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_CREATEACCESSOR                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_DELETEROWS                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_GETCOMMANDTEXT                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_GETDATA                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_GETNEXTROWS                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_GETRESULT                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_GETROWSBYBOOKMARK                = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBFLUSH                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBLOCKREGION                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBREADAT                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBSETSIZE                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBSTAT                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBUNLOCKREGION                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_LBWRITEAT                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_QUERYINTERFACE                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_RELEASE                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_RELEASEACCESSOR                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_RELEASEROWS                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_RELEASESESSION                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_RESTARTPOSITION                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_SEQSTRMREAD                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_SEQSTRMREADANDWRITE              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_SETDATAFAILURE                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_SETPARAMETERINFO                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_SETPARAMETERPROPERTIES           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_STRMLOCKREGION                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_STRMSEEKANDREAD                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_STRMSEEKANDWRITE                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_STRMSETSIZE                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_STRMSTAT                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_COM_STRMUNLOCKREGION                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_CONSOLEWRITE                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_CREATEPARAM                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DEBUG                                = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSADDLINK                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSLINKEXISTCHECK                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSLINKHEALTHCHECK                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSREMOVELINK                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSREMOVEROOT                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSROOTFOLDERCHECK                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSROOTINIT                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DFSROOTSHARECHECK                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DTC_ABORT                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DTC_ABORTREQUESTDONE                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DTC_BEGINTRANSACTION                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DTC_COMMITREQUESTDONE                = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DTC_ENLIST                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_DTC_PREPAREREQUESTDONE               = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_FILESIZEGET                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_FSAOLEDB_ABORTTRANSACTION            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_FSAOLEDB_COMMITTRANSACTION           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_FSAOLEDB_STARTTRANSACTION            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_FSRECOVER_UNCONDITIONALUNDO          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_GETRMINFO                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_HADR_LEASE_MECHANISM                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_HTTP_EVENT_WAIT                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_HTTP_REQUEST                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_LOCKMONITOR                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_MSS_RELEASE                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_ODBCOPS                              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLE_UNINIT                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_ABORTORCOMMITTRAN              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_ABORTTRAN                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_GETDATASOURCE                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_GETLITERALINFO                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_GETPROPERTIES                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_GETPROPERTYINFO                = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_GETSCHEMALOCK                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_JOINTRANSACTION                = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_RELEASE                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDB_SETPROPERTIES                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OLEDBOPS                             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_ACCEPTSECURITYCONTEXT             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_ACQUIRECREDENTIALSHANDLE          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHENTICATIONOPS                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHORIZATIONOPS                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHZGETINFORMATIONFROMCONTEXT    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHZINITIALIZECONTEXTFROMSID     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHZINITIALIZERESOURCEMANAGER    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_BACKUPREAD                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CLOSEHANDLE                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CLUSTEROPS                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_COMOPS                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_COMPLETEAUTHTOKEN                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_COPYFILE                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CREATEDIRECTORY                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CREATEFILE                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CRYPTACQUIRECONTEXT               = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CRYPTIMPORTKEY                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_CRYPTOPS                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DECRYPTMESSAGE                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DELETEFILE                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DELETESECURITYCONTEXT             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DEVICEIOCONTROL                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DEVICEOPS                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DIRSVC_NETWORKOPS                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DISCONNECTNAMEDPIPE               = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DOMAINSERVICESOPS                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DSGETDCNAME                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_DTCOPS                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_ENCRYPTMESSAGE                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FILEOPS                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FINDFILE                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FLUSHFILEBUFFERS                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FORMATMESSAGE                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FREECREDENTIALSHANDLE             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_FREELIBRARY                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GENERICOPS                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETADDRINFO                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETCOMPRESSEDFILESIZE             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETDISKFREESPACE                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETFILEATTRIBUTES                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETFILESIZE                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETFINALFILEPATHBYHANDLE          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETLONGPATHNAME                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETPROCADDRESS                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETVOLUMENAMEFORVOLUMEMOUNTPOINT  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_GETVOLUMEPATHNAME                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_INITIALIZESECURITYCONTEXT         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_LIBRARYOPS                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_LOADLIBRARY                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_LOGONUSER                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_LOOKUPACCOUNTSID                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_MESSAGEQUEUEOPS                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_MOVEFILE                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETGROUPGETUSERS                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETLOCALGROUPGETMEMBERS           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETUSERGETGROUPS                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETUSERGETLOCALGROUPS             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETUSERMODALSGET                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETVALIDATEPASSWORDPOLICY         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_NETVALIDATEPASSWORDPOLICYFREE     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_OPENDIRECTORY                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_PDH_WMI_INIT                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_PIPEOPS                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_PROCESSOPS                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_QUERYCONTEXTATTRIBUTES            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_QUERYREGISTRY                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_QUERYSECURITYCONTEXTTOKEN         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_REMOVEDIRECTORY                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_REPORTEVENT                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_REVERTTOSELF                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_RSFXDEVICEOPS                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SECURITYOPS                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SERVICEOPS                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SETENDOFFILE                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SETFILEPOINTER                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SETFILEVALIDDATA                  = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SETNAMEDSECURITYINFO              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SQLCLROPS                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_SQMLAUNCH                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_VERIFYSIGNATURE                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_VERIFYTRUST                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_VSSOPS                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_WAITFORSINGLEOBJECT               = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_WINSOCKOPS                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_WRITEFILE                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_WRITEFILEGATHER                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_OS_WSASETLASTERROR                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_REENLIST                             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_RESIZELOG                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_ROLLFORWARDREDO                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_ROLLFORWARDUNDO                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SB_STOPENDPOINT                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SERVER_STARTUP                       = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SETRMINFO                            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SHAREDMEM_GETDATA                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SNIOPEN                              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SOSHOST                              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SOSTESTING                           = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_SP_SERVER_DIAGNOSTICS                = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_STARTRM                              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_STREAMFCB_CHECKPOINT                 = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_STREAMFCB_RECOVER                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_STRESSDRIVER                         = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_TESTING                              = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_TRANSIMPORT                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_UNMARSHALPROPAGATIONTOKEN            = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_VSS_CREATESNAPSHOT                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_VSS_CREATEVOLUMESNAPSHOT             = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_CALLBACKEXECUTE                   = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_CX_FILE_OPEN                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_CX_HTTP_CALL                      = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_DISPATCHER                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_ENGINEINIT                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_GETTARGETSTATE                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_SESSIONCOMMIT                     = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_TARGETFINALIZE                    = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_TARGETINIT                        = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XE_TIMERRUN                          = 'Preemptive'
            PREEMPTIVE_XETESTING                            = 'Preemptive'
            PWAIT_HADR_ACTION_COMPLETED                     = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_CHANGE_NOTIFIER_TERMINATION_SYNC     = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_CLUSTER_INTEGRATION                  = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_FAILOVER_COMPLETED                   = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_JOIN                                 = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_OFFLINE_COMPLETED                    = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_ONLINE_COMPLETED                     = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_POST_ONLINE_COMPLETED                = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_SERVER_READY_CONNECTIONS             = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADR_WORKITEM_COMPLETED                   = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_HADRSIM                                   = 'Replication'
            PWAIT_RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE_FT_PARALLEL_QUERY_SYNC = 'Full Text Search'
            QUERY_TRACEOUT                                  = 'Tracing'
            REPL_CACHE_ACCESS                               = 'Replication'
            REPL_HISTORYCACHE_ACCESS                        = 'Replication'
            REPL_SCHEMA_ACCESS                              = 'Replication'
            REPL_TRANFSINFO_ACCESS                          = 'Replication'
            REPL_TRANHASHTABLE_ACCESS                       = 'Replication'
            REPL_TRANTEXTINFO_ACCESS                        = 'Replication'
            REPLICA_WRITES                                  = 'Replication'
            REQUEST_FOR_DEADLOCK_SEARCH                     = 'Idle'
            RESERVED_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_EXT                  = 'Memory'
            RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE                              = 'Memory'
            RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE_QUERY_COMPILE                = 'Compilation'
            SLEEP_BPOOL_FLUSH                               = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_BUFFERPOOL_HELPLW                         = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_DBSTARTUP                                 = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_DCOMSTARTUP                               = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_MASTERDBREADY                             = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_MASTERMDREADY                             = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_MASTERUPGRADED                            = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_MEMORYPOOL_ALLOCATEPAGES                  = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_MSDBSTARTUP                               = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_RETRY_VIRTUALALLOC                        = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_SYSTEMTASK                                = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_TASK                                      = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_TEMPDBSTARTUP                             = 'Idle'
            SLEEP_WORKSPACE_ALLOCATEPAGE                    = 'Idle'
            SOS_SCHEDULER_YIELD                             = 'CPU'
            SQLCLR_APPDOMAIN                                = 'SQL CLR'
            SQLCLR_ASSEMBLY                                 = 'SQL CLR'
            SQLCLR_DEADLOCK_DETECTION                       = 'SQL CLR'
            SQLCLR_QUANTUM_PUNISHMENT                       = 'SQL CLR'
            SQLTRACE_BUFFER_FLUSH                           = 'Idle'
            SQLTRACE_FILE_BUFFER                            = 'Tracing'
            SQLTRACE_FILE_READ_IO_COMPLETION                = 'Tracing'
            SQLTRACE_FILE_WRITE_IO_COMPLETION               = 'Tracing'
            SQLTRACE_INCREMENTAL_FLUSH_SLEEP                = 'Idle'
            SQLTRACE_PENDING_BUFFER_WRITERS                 = 'Tracing'
            SQLTRACE_SHUTDOWN                               = 'Tracing'
            SQLTRACE_WAIT_ENTRIES                           = 'Idle'
            THREADPOOL                                      = 'Worker Thread'
            TRACE_EVTNOTIF                                  = 'Tracing'
            TRACEWRITE                                      = 'Tracing'
            TRAN_MARKLATCH_DT                               = 'Transaction'
            TRAN_MARKLATCH_EX                               = 'Transaction'
            TRAN_MARKLATCH_KP                               = 'Transaction'
            TRAN_MARKLATCH_NL                               = 'Transaction'
            TRAN_MARKLATCH_SH                               = 'Transaction'
            TRAN_MARKLATCH_UP                               = 'Transaction'
            TRANSACTION_MUTEX                               = 'Transaction'
            WAIT_FOR_RESULTS                                = 'User Wait'
            WAITFOR                                         = 'User Wait'
            WRITE_COMPLETION                                = 'Other Disk IO'
            WRITELOG                                        = 'Tran Log IO'
            XACT_OWN_TRANSACTION                            = 'Transaction'
            XACT_RECLAIM_SESSION                            = 'Transaction'
            XACTLOCKINFO                                    = 'Transaction'
            XACTWORKSPACE_MUTEX                             = 'Transaction'
            XE_DISPATCHER_WAIT                              = 'Idle'
            XE_TIMER_EVENT                                  = 'Idle'
            ABR                                             = 'Other'
            ASSEMBLY_LOAD                                   = 'SQLCLR'
            ASYNC_DISKPOOL_LOCK                             = 'Buffer I/O'
            BACKUP                                          = 'Backup'
            BACKUP_CLIENTLOCK                               = 'Backup'
            BACKUP_OPERATOR                                 = 'Backup'
            BACKUPBUFFER                                    = 'Backup'
            BACKUPTHREAD                                    = 'Backup'
            BAD_PAGE_PROCESS                                = 'Other'
            BUILTIN_HASHKEY_MUTEX                           = 'Other'
            CHECK_PRINT_RECORD                              = 'Other'
            CPU                                             = 'CPU'
            CURSOR                                          = 'Other'
            CURSOR_ASYNC                                    = 'Other'
            DAC_INIT                                        = 'Other'
            DBCC_COLUMN_TRANSLATION_CACHE                   = 'Other'
            DBTABLE                                         = 'Other'
            DEADLOCK_ENUM_MUTEX                             = 'Latch'
            DEADLOCK_TASK_SEARCH                            = 'Other'
            DEBUG                                           = 'Other'
            DISABLE_VERSIONING                              = 'Other'
            DISKIO_SUSPEND                                  = 'Backup'
            DLL_LOADING_MUTEX                               = 'Other'
            DROPTEMP                                        = 'Other'
            DUMP_LOG_COORDINATOR                            = 'Other'
            DUMP_LOG_COORDINATOR_QUEUE                      = 'Other'
            DUMPTRIGGER                                     = 'Other'
            EC                                              = 'Other'
            EE_SPECPROC_MAP_INIT                            = 'Other'
            ENABLE_VERSIONING                               = 'Other'
            ERROR_REPORTING_MANAGER                         = 'Other'
            EXECSYNC                                        = 'Parallelism'
            EXECUTION_PIPE_EVENT_INTERNAL                   = 'Other'
            FAILPOINT                                       = 'Other'
            FS_GARBAGE_COLLECTOR_SHUTDOWN                   = 'SQLCLR'
            FSAGENT                                         = 'Idle'
            FT_RESUME_CRAWL                                 = 'Other'
            GUARDIAN                                        = 'Other'
            HTTP_ENDPOINT_COLLCREATE                        = 'Other'
            HTTP_ENUMERATION                                = 'Other'
            HTTP_START                                      = 'Other'
            IMP_IMPORT_MUTEX                                = 'Other'
            IMPPROV_IOWAIT                                  = 'Other'
            INDEX_USAGE_STATS_MUTEX                         = 'Latch'
            INTERNAL_TESTING                                = 'Other'
            IO_AUDIT_MUTEX                                  = 'Other'
            KSOURCE_WAKEUP                                  = 'Idle'
            KTM_ENLISTMENT                                  = 'Other'
            KTM_RECOVERY_MANAGER                            = 'Other'
            KTM_RECOVERY_RESOLUTION                         = 'Other'
            LOWFAIL_MEMMGR_QUEUE                            = 'Memory'
            MIRROR_SEND_MESSAGE                             = 'Other'
            MISCELLANEOUS                                   = 'Other'
            MSQL_DQ                                         = 'Network I/O'
            MSQL_SYNC_PIPE                                  = 'Other'
            MSQL_XP                                         = 'Other'
            OLEDB                                           = 'Network I/O'
            PARALLEL_BACKUP_QUEUE                           = 'Other'
            PRINT_ROLLBACK_PROGRESS                         = 'Other'
            QNMANAGER_ACQUIRE                               = 'Other'
            QPJOB_KILL                                      = 'Other'
            QPJOB_WAITFOR_ABORT                             = 'Other'
            QRY_MEM_GRANT_INFO_MUTEX                        = 'Other'
            QUERY_ERRHDL_SERVICE_DONE                       = 'Other'
            QUERY_EXECUTION_INDEX_SORT_EVENT_OPEN           = 'Other'
            QUERY_NOTIFICATION_MGR_MUTEX                    = 'Other'
            QUERY_NOTIFICATION_SUBSCRIPTION_MUTEX           = 'Other'
            QUERY_NOTIFICATION_TABLE_MGR_MUTEX              = 'Other'
            QUERY_NOTIFICATION_UNITTEST_MUTEX               = 'Other'
            QUERY_OPTIMIZER_PRINT_MUTEX                     = 'Other'
            QUERY_REMOTE_BRICKS_DONE                        = 'Other'
            RECOVER_CHANGEDB                                = 'Other'
            REQUEST_DISPENSER_PAUSE                         = 'Other'
            RESOURCE_QUEUE                                  = 'Idle'
            RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE_MUTEX                        = 'Compilation'
            RESOURCE_SEMAPHORE_SMALL_QUERY                  = 'Compilation'
            SEC_DROP_TEMP_KEY                               = 'Other'
            SEQUENTIAL_GUID                                 = 'Other'
            SERVER_IDLE_CHECK                               = 'Idle'
            SHUTDOWN                                        = 'Other'
            SNI_CRITICAL_SECTION                            = 'Other'
            SNI_HTTP_ACCEPT                                 = 'Idle'
            SNI_HTTP_WAITFOR_0_DISCON                       = 'Other'
            SNI_LISTENER_ACCESS                             = 'Other'
            SNI_TASK_COMPLETION                             = 'Other'
            SOAP_READ                                       = 'Full Text Search'
            SOAP_WRITE                                      = 'Full Text Search'
            SOS_CALLBACK_REMOVAL                            = 'Other'
            SOS_DISPATCHER_MUTEX                            = 'Other'
            SOS_LOCALALLOCATORLIST                          = 'Other'
            SOS_OBJECT_STORE_DESTROY_MUTEX                  = 'Other'
            SOS_PROCESS_AFFINITY_MUTEX                      = 'Other'
            SOS_RESERVEDMEMBLOCKLIST                        = 'Memory'
            SOS_STACKSTORE_INIT_MUTEX                       = 'Other'
            SOS_SYNC_TASK_ENQUEUE_EVENT                     = 'Other'
            SOS_VIRTUALMEMORY_LOW                           = 'Memory'
            SOSHOST_EVENT                                   = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_INTERNAL                                = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_MUTEX                                   = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_RWLOCK                                  = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_SEMAPHORE                               = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_SLEEP                                   = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_TRACELOCK                               = 'Other'
            SOSHOST_WAITFORDONE                             = 'Other'
            SQLSORT_NORMMUTEX                               = 'Other'
            SQLSORT_SORTMUTEX                               = 'Other'
            SQLTRACE_LOCK                                   = 'Other'
            SRVPROC_SHUTDOWN                                = 'Other'
            TEMPOBJ                                         = 'Other'
            TIMEPRIV_TIMEPERIOD                             = 'Other'
            UTIL_PAGE_ALLOC                                 = 'Memory'
            VIA_ACCEPT                                      = 'Other'
            VIEW_DEFINITION_MUTEX                           = 'Latch'
            WAITFOR_TASKSHUTDOWN                            = 'Idle'
            WAITSTAT_MUTEX                                  = 'Other'
            WCC                                             = 'Other'
            WORKTBL_DROP                                    = 'Other'
            XE_BUFFERMGR_ALLPROCECESSED_EVENT               = 'Other'
            XE_BUFFERMGR_FREEBUF_EVENT                      = 'Other'
            XE_DISPATCHER_JOIN                              = 'Other'
            XE_MODULEMGR_SYNC                               = 'Other'
            XE_OLS_LOCK                                     = 'Other'
            XE_SERVICES_MUTEX                               = 'Other'
            XE_SESSION_CREATE_SYNC                          = 'Other'
            XE_SESSION_SYNC                                 = 'Other'
            XE_STM_CREATE                                   = 'Other'
            XE_TIMER_MUTEX                                  = 'Other'
            XE_TIMER_TASK_DONE                              = 'Other'
        }

        $ignorable = 'BROKER_EVENTHANDLER', 'BROKER_RECEIVE_WAITFOR', 'BROKER_TASK_STOP',
        'BROKER_TO_FLUSH', 'BROKER_TRANSMITTER', 'CHECKPOINT_QUEUE',
        'CHKPT', 'CLR_AUTO_EVENT', 'CLR_MANUAL_EVENT', 'CLR_SEMAPHORE', 'CXCONSUMER',
        'DBMIRROR_DBM_EVENT', 'DBMIRROR_EVENTS_QUEUE', 'DBMIRROR_WORKER_QUEUE',
        'DBMIRRORING_CMD', 'DIRTY_PAGE_POLL', 'DISPATCHER_QUEUE_SEMAPHORE',
        'EXECSYNC', 'FSAGENT', 'FT_IFTS_SCHEDULER_IDLE_WAIT', 'FT_IFTSHC_MUTEX',
        'HADR_CLUSAPI_CALL', 'HADR_FILESTREAM_IOMGR_IOCOMPLETION', 'HADR_LOGCAPTURE_WAIT',
        'HADR_NOTIFICATION_DEQUEUE', 'HADR_TIMER_TASK', 'HADR_WORK_QUEUE',
        'KSOURCE_WAKEUP', 'LAZYWRITER_SLEEP', 'LOGMGR_QUEUE',
        'MEMORY_ALLOCATION_EXT', 'ONDEMAND_TASK_QUEUE',
        'PARALLEL_REDO_DRAIN_WORKER', 'PARALLEL_REDO_LOG_CACHE', 'PARALLEL_REDO_TRAN_LIST', 'PARALLEL_REDO_WORKER_SYNC',
        'PREEMPTIVE_SP_SERVER_DIAGNOSTICS',
        'PARALLEL_REDO_WORKER_WAIT_WORK', 'PREEMPTIVE_HADR_LEASE_MECHANISM',
        'PREEMPTIVE_OS_LIBRARYOPS', 'PREEMPTIVE_OS_COMOPS', 'PREEMPTIVE_OS_CRYPTOPS',
        'PREEMPTIVE_OS_PIPEOPS', 'PREEMPTIVE_OS_AUTHENTICATIONOPS',
        'PREEMPTIVE_OS_GENERICOPS', 'PREEMPTIVE_OS_VERIFYTRUST',
        'PREEMPTIVE_OS_FILEOPS', 'PREEMPTIVE_OS_DEVICEOPS', 'PREEMPTIVE_OS_QUERYREGISTRY',
        'PREEMPTIVE_OS_WRITEFILE', 'PREEMPTIVE_XE_CALLBACKEXECUTE', 'PREEMPTIVE_XE_DISPATCHER',
        'PREEMPTIVE_XE_GETTARGETSTATE', 'PREEMPTIVE_XE_SESSIONCOMMIT',
        'PREEMPTIVE_XE_TARGETINIT', 'PREEMPTIVE_XE_TARGETFINALIZE',
        'PWAIT_ALL_COMPONENTS_INITIALIZED', 'PWAIT_DIRECTLOGCONSUMER_GETNEXT',
        'QDS_PERSIST_TASK_MAIN_LOOP_SLEEP', 'QDS_ASYNC_QUEUE',
        'QDS_CLEANUP_STALE_QUERIES_TASK_MAIN_LOOP_SLEEP', 'REDO_THREAD_PENDING_WORK',
        'QDS_SHUTDOWN_QUEUE', 'REQUEST_FOR_DEADLOCK_SEARCH',
        'RESOURCE_QUEUE', 'SERVER_IDLE_CHECK', 'SLEEP_BPOOL_FLUSH', 'SLEEP_DBSTARTUP',
        'SLEEP_DCOMSTARTUP', 'SLEEP_MASTERDBREADY', 'SLEEP_MASTERMDREADY',
        'SLEEP_MASTERUPGRADED', 'SLEEP_MSDBSTARTUP', 'SLEEP_SYSTEMTASK', 'SLEEP_TASK',
        'SLEEP_TEMPDBSTARTUP', 'SNI_HTTP_ACCEPT', 'SP_SERVER_DIAGNOSTICS_SLEEP',
        'SQLTRACE_BUFFER_FLUSH', 'SQLTRACE_INCREMENTAL_FLUSH_SLEEP', 'SQLTRACE_WAIT_ENTRIES',
        'WAIT_FOR_RESULTS', 'WAITFOR', 'WAITFOR_TASKSHUTDOWN', 'WAIT_XTP_HOST_WAIT',
        'WAIT_XTP_OFFLINE_CKPT_NEW_LOG', 'WAIT_XTP_CKPT_CLOSE', 'WAIT_XTP_RECOVERY',
        'XE_BUFFERMGR_ALLPROCESSED_EVENT', 'XE_DISPATCHER_JOIN',
        'XE_DISPATCHER_WAIT', 'XE_LIVE_TARGET_TVF', 'XE_TIMER_EVENT'

        if ($IncludeIgnorable) {
            $sql = "WITH [Waits] AS
                (SELECT
                    [wait_type],
                    [wait_time_ms] / 1000.0 AS [WaitS],
                    ([wait_time_ms] - [signal_wait_time_ms]) / 1000.0 AS [ResourceS],
                    [signal_wait_time_ms] / 1000.0 AS [SignalS],
                    [waiting_tasks_count] AS [WaitCount],
                    Case WHEN SUM ([wait_time_ms]) OVER() = 0 THEN NULL ELSE 100.0 * [wait_time_ms] / SUM ([wait_time_ms]) OVER() END AS [Percentage],
                    ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY [wait_time_ms] DESC) AS [RowNum]
                FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats
                WHERE [waiting_tasks_count] > 0
                )
                SELECT
                    MAX ([W1].[wait_type]) AS [WaitType],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[WaitS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [WaitSeconds],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[ResourceS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [ResourceSeconds],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[SignalS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [SignalSeconds],
                    MAX ([W1].[WaitCount]) AS [WaitCount],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[Percentage]) AS DECIMAL (5,2)) AS [Percentage],
                    CAST ((MAX ([W1].[WaitS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgWaitSeconds],
                    CAST ((MAX ([W1].[ResourceS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgResSeconds],
                    CAST ((MAX ([W1].[SignalS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgSigSeconds],
                    CAST ('https://www.sqlskills.com/help/waits/' + MAX ([W1].[wait_type]) as XML) AS [URL]
                FROM [Waits] AS [W1]
                INNER JOIN [Waits] AS [W2]
                    ON [W2].[RowNum] <= [W1].[RowNum]
                GROUP BY [W1].[RowNum] HAVING SUM ([W2].[Percentage]) - MAX([W1].[Percentage]) < $Threshold"
        } else {
            $IgnorableList = "'$($ignorable -join "','")'"
            $sql = "WITH [Waits] AS
                (SELECT
                    [wait_type],
                    [wait_time_ms] / 1000.0 AS [WaitS],
                    ([wait_time_ms] - [signal_wait_time_ms]) / 1000.0 AS [ResourceS],
                    [signal_wait_time_ms] / 1000.0 AS [SignalS],
                    [waiting_tasks_count] AS [WaitCount],
                    Case WHEN SUM ([wait_time_ms]) OVER() = 0 THEN NULL ELSE 100.0 * [wait_time_ms] / SUM ([wait_time_ms]) OVER() END AS [Percentage],
                    ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY [wait_time_ms] DESC) AS [RowNum]
                FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats
                WHERE [waiting_tasks_count] > 0
                AND Cast([wait_type] as VARCHAR(60)) NOT IN ($IgnorableList)
                )
                SELECT
                    MAX ([W1].[wait_type]) AS [WaitType],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[WaitS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [WaitSeconds],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[ResourceS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [ResourceSeconds],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[SignalS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [SignalSeconds],
                    MAX ([W1].[WaitCount]) AS [WaitCount],
                    CAST (MAX ([W1].[Percentage]) AS DECIMAL (5,2)) AS [Percentage],
                    CAST ((MAX ([W1].[WaitS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgWaitSeconds],
                    CAST ((MAX ([W1].[ResourceS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgResSeconds],
                    CAST ((MAX ([W1].[SignalS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgSigSeconds],
                    CAST ('https://www.sqlskills.com/help/waits/' + MAX ([W1].[wait_type]) as XML) AS [URL]
                FROM [Waits] AS [W1]
                INNER JOIN [Waits] AS [W2]
                    ON [W2].[RowNum] <= [W1].[RowNum]
                GROUP BY [W1].[RowNum] HAVING SUM ([W2].[Percentage]) - MAX([W1].[Percentage]) < $Threshold"

        }
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connected to $instance"
            if ($IncludeIgnorable) {
                $excludeColumns = 'Notes'
            } else {
                $excludeColumns = 'Notes', 'Ignorable'
            }

            foreach ($row in $server.Query($sql)) {
                $waitType = $row.WaitType
                if (-not $IncludeIgnorable) {
                    if ($ignorable -contains $waitType) { continue }
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName           = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName           = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance            = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    WaitType               = $waitType
                    Category               = ($category).$waitType
                    WaitSeconds            = $row.WaitSeconds
                    ResourceSeconds        = $row.ResourceSeconds
                    SignalSeconds          = $row.SignalSeconds
                    WaitCount              = $row.WaitCount
                    Percentage             = $row.Percentage
                    AverageWaitSeconds     = $row.AvgWaitSeconds
                    AverageResourceSeconds = $row.AvgResSeconds
                    AverageSignalSeconds   = $row.AvgSigSeconds
                    Ignorable              = ($ignorable -contains $waitType)
                    URL                    = $row.URL
                    Notes                  = ($details).$waitType
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty $excludeColumns
            }
        }
    }
}
function Get-DbaWindowsLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets Windows Application events associated with an instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets Windows Application events associated with an instance

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The instance(s) to retrieve the event logs from

    .PARAMETER Start
        Default: 1970
        Retrieve all events starting from this timestamp.

    .PARAMETER End
        Default: Now
        Retrieve all events that happened before this timestamp

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential to be used to connect to the Server. Note this is a Windows credential, as this command requires we communicate with the computer and not with the SQL instance.

    .PARAMETER MaxThreads
        Default: Unlimited
        The maximum number of parallel threads used on the local computer.
        Given that those will mostly be waiting for the remote system, there is usually no need to limit this.

    .PARAMETER MaxRemoteThreads
        Default: 2
        The maximum number of parallel threads that are executed on the target sql server.
        These processes will cause considerable CPU load, so a low limit is advisable in most scenarios.
        Any value lower than 1 disables the limit

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Logging
        Author: Drew Furgiuele | Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWindowsLog

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $ErrorLogs = Get-DbaWindowsLog -SqlInstance sql01\sharepoint
        PS C:\> $ErrorLogs | Where-Object ErrorNumber -eq 18456

        Returns all lines in the errorlogs that have event number 18456 in them

    #>
    #This exists to ignore the Script Analyzer rule for Start-Runspace
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]
        $SqlInstance = $env:COMPUTERNAME,

        [DateTime]
        $Start = "1/1/1970 00:00:00",

        [DateTime]
        $End = (Get-Date),


        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [int]
        $MaxThreads = 0,

        [int]
        $MaxRemoteThreads = 2,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        #region Helper Functions
        function Start-Runspace {
            $Powershell = [PowerShell]::Create().AddScript($scriptBlock_ParallelRemoting).AddParameter("SqlInstance", $instance).AddParameter("Start", $Start).AddParameter("End", $End).AddParameter("Credential", $Credential).AddParameter("MaxRemoteThreads", $MaxRemoteThreads).AddParameter("ScriptBlock", $scriptBlock_RemoteExecution)
            $Powershell.RunspacePool = $RunspacePool
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Launching remote runspace against <c='green'>$instance</c>" -Target $instance
            $null = $RunspaceCollection.Add((New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{ Runspace = $PowerShell.BeginInvoke(); PowerShell = $PowerShell; Instance = $instance.FullSmoName }))
        }

        function Receive-Runspace {
            [Parameter()]
            param (
                [switch]
                $Wait
            )

            do {
                foreach ($Run in $RunspaceCollection.ToArray()) {
                    if ($Run.Runspace.IsCompleted) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Receiving results from <c='green'>$($Run.Instance)</c>" -Target $Run.Instance
                        $Run.PowerShell.EndInvoke($Run.Runspace)
                        $Run.PowerShell.Dispose()
                        $RunspaceCollection.Remove($Run)
                    }
                }

                if ($Wait -and ($RunspaceCollection.Count -gt 0)) { Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 250 }
            }
            while ($Wait -and ($RunspaceCollection.Count -gt 0))
        }
        #endregion Helper Functions

        #region Scriptblocks
        $scriptBlock_RemoteExecution = {
            param (
                [System.DateTime]
                $Start,

                [System.DateTime]
                $End,

                [string]
                $InstanceName,

                [int]
                $Throttle
            )

            #region Helper function
            function Convert-ErrorRecord {
                param (
                    $Line
                )

                if (Get-Variable -Name codesAndStuff -Scope 1) {
                    $line2 = (Get-Variable -Name codesAndStuff -Scope 1).Value
                    Remove-Variable -Name codesAndStuff -Scope 1

                    $groups = [regex]::Matches($line2, '^([\d- :]+.\d\d) (\w+)[ ]+Error: (\d+), Severity: (\d+), State: (\d+)').Groups
                    $groups2 = [regex]::Matches($line, '^[\d- :]+.\d\d \w+[ ]+(.*)$').Groups

                    New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                        Timestamp   = [DateTime]::ParseExact($groups[1].Value, "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.ff", $null)
                        Spid        = $groups[2].Value
                        Message     = $groups2[1].Value
                        ErrorNumber = [int]($groups[3].Value)
                        Severity    = [int]($groups[4].Value)
                        State       = [int]($groups[5].Value)
                    }
                }

                if ($Line -match '^\d{4}-\d\d-\d\d \d\d:\d\d:\d\d\.\d\d[\w ]+((\w+): (\d+)[,\.]\s?){3}') {
                    Set-Variable -Name codesAndStuff -Value $Line -Scope 1
                }
            }
            #endregion Helper function

            #region Script that processes an individual file
            $scriptBlock = {
                param (
                    [System.IO.FileInfo]
                    $File
                )

                try {
                    $stream = New-Object System.IO.FileStream($File.FullName, "Open", "Read", "ReadWrite, Delete")
                    $reader = New-Object System.IO.StreamReader($stream)

                    while (-not $reader.EndOfStream) {
                        Convert-ErrorRecord -Line $reader.ReadLine()
                    }
                } catch {
                    # here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }
            }
            #endregion Script that processes an individual file

            #region Gather list of files to process
            $eventSource = "MSSQLSERVER"
            if ($InstanceName -notmatch "^DEFAULT$|^MSSQLSERVER$") {
                $eventSource = 'MSSQL$' + $InstanceName
            }

            $event = Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{
                LogName      = "Application"
                ID           = 17111
                ProviderName = $eventSource
            } -MaxEvents 1 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

            if (-not $event) { return }

            $path = $event.Properties[0].Value
            $errorLogPath = Split-Path -Path $path
            $errorLogFileName = Split-Path -Path $path -Leaf
            $errorLogFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path $errorLogPath | Where-Object { ($_.Name -like "$errorLogFileName*") -and ($_.LastWriteTime -gt $Start) -and ($_.CreationTime -lt $End) }
            #endregion Gather list of files to process

            #region Prepare Runspaces
            [Collections.Arraylist]$RunspaceCollection = @()

            $InitialSessionState = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.InitialSessionState]::CreateDefault()
            $Command = Get-Item function:Convert-ErrorRecord
            $InitialSessionState.Commands.Add((New-Object System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.SessionStateFunctionEntry($command.Name, $command.Definition)))

            $RunspacePool = [RunspaceFactory]::CreateRunspacePool($InitialSessionState)
            $null = $RunspacePool.SetMinRunspaces(1)
            if ($Throttle -gt 0) { $null = $RunspacePool.SetMaxRunspaces($Throttle) }
            $RunspacePool.Open()
            #endregion Prepare Runspaces

            #region Process Error files
            $countDone = 0
            $countStarted = 0
            $countTotal = ($errorLogFiles | Measure-Object).Count

            while ($countDone -lt $countTotal) {
                while (($RunspacePool.GetAvailableRunspaces() -gt 0) -and ($countStarted -lt $countTotal)) {
                    $Powershell = [PowerShell]::Create().AddScript($scriptBlock).AddParameter("File", $errorLogFiles[$countStarted])
                    $Powershell.RunspacePool = $RunspacePool
                    $null = $RunspaceCollection.Add((New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{ Runspace = $PowerShell.BeginInvoke(); PowerShell = $PowerShell }))
                    $countStarted++
                }

                foreach ($Run in $RunspaceCollection.ToArray()) {
                    if ($Run.Runspace.IsCompleted) {
                        $Run.PowerShell.EndInvoke($Run.Runspace) | Where-Object { ($_.Timestamp -gt $Start) -and ($_.Timestamp -lt $End) }
                        $Run.PowerShell.Dispose()
                        $RunspaceCollection.Remove($Run)
                        $countDone++
                    }
                }

                Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 250
            }
            $RunspacePool.Close()
            $RunspacePool.Dispose()
            #endregion Process Error files
        }

        $scriptBlock_ParallelRemoting = {
            param (
                [DbaInstanceParameter]
                $SqlInstance,

                [DateTime]
                $Start,

                [DateTime]
                $End,

                [PSCredential]
                $Credential,

                [int]
                $MaxRemoteThreads,

                [System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]
                $ScriptBlock
            )

            $params = @{
                ArgumentList = $Start, $End, $SqlInstance.InstanceName, $MaxRemoteThreads
                ScriptBlock  = $ScriptBlock
            }
            if (-not $SqlInstance.IsLocalhost) { $params["ComputerName"] = $SqlInstance.ComputerName }
            if ($Credential) { $params["Credential"] = $Credential }

            Invoke-Command @params | Select-Object @{ n = "InstanceName"; e = { $SqlInstance.FullSmoName } }, Timestamp, Spid, Severity, ErrorNumber, State, Message
        }
        #endregion Scriptblocks

        #region Setup Runspace
        [Collections.Arraylist]$RunspaceCollection = @()
        $InitialSessionState = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.InitialSessionState]::CreateDefault()
        $defaultrunspace = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.Runspace]::DefaultRunspace
        $RunspacePool = [RunspaceFactory]::CreateRunspacePool($InitialSessionState)
        $RunspacePool.SetMinRunspaces(1) | Out-Null
        if ($MaxThreads -gt 0) { $null = $RunspacePool.SetMaxRunspaces($MaxThreads) }
        $RunspacePool.Open()

        $countStarted = 0
        #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
        #$countReceived = 0
        #endregion Setup Runspace
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing <c='green'>$instance</c>" -Target $instance
            Start-Runspace
            Receive-Runspace
        }
    }

    end {
        Receive-Runspace -Wait
        $RunspacePool.Close()
        $RunspacePool.Dispose()
        [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.Runspace]::DefaultRunspace = $defaultrunspace
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaWsfcAvailableDisk {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets information about the disks that can support Failover Clustering and are visible to all nodes, but are not yet part of the set of clustered disks.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets information about the disks that can support Failover Clustering and are visible to all nodes, but are not yet part of the set of clustered disks.

        All Windows Server Failover Clustering (Wsfc) commands require local admin on each member node.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target cluster name. Can be a node or the cluster name itself.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the cluster using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Cluster, WSFC, FCI, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWsfcAvailableDisk

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcAvailableDisk -ComputerName cluster01

        Gets available disks from the failover cluster cluster01

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            $cluster = Get-DbaWsfcCluster -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential
            $disk = Get-DbaCmObject -Computername $computer -Credential $Credential -Namespace root\MSCluster -ClassName MSCluster_AvailableDisk

            # I don't have an available disk, so I can't see how to clean this up: Passthru
            $disk | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName State -NotePropertyValue (Get-ResourceState $resource.State)
            $disk | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterName -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Name
            $disk | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterFqdn -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Fqdn -PassThru
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaWsfcCluster {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets information about one or more failover clusters in a given domain.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets information about one or more failover clusters in a given domain.

        All Windows Server Failover Clustering (Wsfc) commands require local admin on each member node.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target cluster name. Can be a node or the cluster name itself.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the cluster using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Cluster, WSFC, FCI, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWsfcCluster

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcCluster -ComputerName cluster01

        Gets failover cluster information about cluster01

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcCluster -ComputerName cluster01 | Select *

        Shows all cluster values, including the ones not shown in the default view

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            $cluster = Get-DbaCmObject -Computername $computer -Credential $Credential -Namespace root\MSCluster -ClassName MSCluster_Cluster
            $cluster | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName State -NotePropertyValue (Get-ResourceState $resource.State)
            $cluster | Select-DefaultView -Property Name, Fqdn, State, DrainOnShutdown, DynamicQuorumEnabled, EnableSharedVolumes, SharedVolumesRoot, QuorumPath, QuorumType, QuorumTypeValue, RequestReplyTimeout
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaWsfcDisk {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets information about the clustered disks on one or more failover clusters in a given domain.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets information about the clustered disks on one or more failover clusters in a given domain.

        All Windows Server Failover Clustering (Wsfc) commands require local admin on each member node.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target cluster name. Can be a node or the cluster name itself.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the cluster using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Cluster, WSFC, FCI, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWsfcDisk

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcDisk -ComputerName cluster01

        Gets disk information from the failover cluster cluster01

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            $resources = Get-DbaWsfcResource -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential | Where-Object Type -eq 'Physical Disk'
            foreach ($resource in $resources) {
                $disks = $resource | Get-CimAssociatedInstance -ResultClassName MSCluster_Disk
                foreach ($disk in $disks) {
                    $diskpart = $disk | Get-CimAssociatedInstance -ResultClassName MSCluster_DiskPartition
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ClusterName     = $resource.ClusterName
                        ClusterFqdn     = $resource.ClusterFqdn
                        ResourceGroup   = $resource.OwnerGroup
                        Disk            = $resource.Name
                        State           = $resource.State
                        FileSystem      = $diskpart.FileSystem
                        Path            = $diskpart.Path
                        Label           = $diskpart.VolumeLabel
                        Size            = [dbasize]($diskpart.TotalSize * 1MB)
                        Free            = [dbasize]($diskpart.FreeSpace * 1MB)
                        MountPoints     = $diskpart.MountPoints
                        SerialNumber    = $diskpart.SerialNumber
                        ClusterDisk     = $disk
                        ClusterDiskPart = $diskpart
                        ClusterResource = $resource
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ClusterDisk, ClusterDiskPart, ClusterResource
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaWsfcNetwork {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets information about one or more networks in a failover cluster.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets information about one or more networks in a failover cluster.

        All Windows Server Failover Clustering (Wsfc) commands require local admin on each member node.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target cluster name. Can be a Network or the cluster name itself.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the cluster using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Cluster, WSFC, FCI, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWsfcNetwork

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcNetwork -ComputerName cluster01

        Gets network information from the failover cluster cluster01

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            $cluster = Get-DbaWsfcCluster -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential

            $network = Get-DbaCmObject -Computername $computer -Credential $Credential -Namespace root\MSCluster -ClassName MSCluster_Network
            $network | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterName -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Name
            $network | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterFqdn -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Fqdn

            $network | Select-DefaultView -Property ClusterName, ClusterFqdn, Name, Address, AddressMask, IPv4Addresses, IPv4PrefixLengths, IPv6Addresses, IPv6PrefixLengths, QuorumType, QuorumTypeValue, RequestReplyTimeout, Role
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaWsfcNetworkInterface {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets information about one or more network adapters in a failover cluster.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets information about one or more network adapters in a failover cluster.

        All Windows Server Failover Clustering (Wsfc) commands require local admin on each member node.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target cluster name. Can be a Network or the cluster name itself.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the cluster using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Cluster, WSFC, FCI, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWsfcNetworkInterface

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcNetworkInterface -ComputerName cluster01

        Gets network interface information from the failover cluster cluster01

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcNetworkInterface -ComputerName cluster01 | Select *

        Shows all network interface  values, including the ones not shown in the default view

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            $cluster = Get-DbaWsfcCluster -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential
            $network = Get-DbaCmObject -Computername $computer -Credential $Credential -Namespace root\MSCluster -ClassName MSCluster_NetworkInterface
            $network | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterName -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Name
            $network | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterFqdn -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Fqdn
            $network | Select-DefaultView -Property ClusterName, ClusterFqdn, Name, Network, Node, Adapter, Address, DhcpEnabled, IPv4Addresses, IPv6Addresses, IPv6Addresses
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaWsfcNode {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets information about one or more nodes, or servers, in a failover cluster.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets information about one or more nodes, or servers, in a failover cluster.

        All Windows Server Failover Clustering (Wsfc) commands require local admin on each member node.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target cluster name. Can be a node or the cluster name itself.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the cluster using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Cluster, WSFC, FCI, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWsfcNode

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcNode -ComputerName cluster01

        Gets node information from the failover cluster cluster01

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcNode -ComputerName cluster01 | Select-Object *

        Shows all node values, including the ones not shown in the default view

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            $cluster = Get-DbaWsfcCluster -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential
            $node = Get-DbaCmObject -Computername $computer -Credential $Credential -Namespace root\MSCluster -ClassName MSCluster_Node
            $node | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterName -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Name
            $node | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterFqdn -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Fqdn
            $node | Select-DefaultView -Property ClusterName, ClusterFqdn, Name, PrimaryOwnerName, PrimaryOwnerContact, Dedicated, NodeHighestVersion, NodeLowestVersion
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaWsfcResource {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets information about one or more resources in a failover cluster.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets information about one or more resources in a failover cluster.

        All Windows Server Failover Clustering (Wsfc) commands require local admin on each member node.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target cluster name. Can be a node or the cluster name itself.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the cluster using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Cluster, WSFC, FCI, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWsfcResource

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcResource -ComputerName cluster01

        Gets resource information from the failover cluster cluster01

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcResource -ComputerName cluster01 | Select *

        Shows all resource values, including the ones not shown in the default view

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            $cluster = Get-DbaWsfcCluster -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential
            $resources = Get-DbaCmObject -Computername $computer -Credential $Credential -Namespace root\MSCluster -ClassName MSCluster_Resource
            foreach ($resource in $resources) {
                $resource | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName State -NotePropertyValue (Get-ResourceState $resource.State)
                $resource | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterName -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Name
                $resource | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterFqdn -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Fqdn
                $resource | Select-DefaultView -Property ClusterName, ClusterFqdn, Name, State, Type, OwnerGroup, OwnerNode, PendingTimeout, PersistentState, QuorumCapable, RequiredDependencyClasses, RequiredDependencyTypes, RestartAction, RestartDelay, RestartPeriod, RestartThreshold, RetryPeriodOnFailure, SeparateMonitor
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaWsfcResourceType {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets information about one or more resource types in a failover cluster.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets information about one or more resource types in a failover cluster.

        All Windows Server Failover Clustering (Wsfc) commands require local admin on each member node.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target cluster name. Can be a node or the cluster name itself.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the cluster using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Cluster, WSFC, FCI, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWsfcResourceType

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcResourceType -ComputerName cluster01

        Gets resource type information from the failover cluster cluster01

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            $cluster = Get-DbaWsfcCluster -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential
            $resource = Get-DbaCmObject -Computername $computer -Credential $Credential -Namespace root\MSCluster -ClassName MSCluster_ResourceType
            $resource | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterName -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Name
            $resource | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterFqdn -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Fqdn
            $resource | Select-DefaultView -Property ClusterName, ClusterFqdn, Name, DisplayName, DllName, RequiredDependencyTypes
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaWsfcRole {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets information about one or more clustered roles (resource groups) in a failover cluster.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets information about one or more clustered roles (resource groups) in a failover cluster.

        All Windows Server Failover Clustering (Wsfc) commands require local admin on each member node.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target cluster name. Can be a Role or the cluster name itself.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the cluster using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Cluster, WSFC, FCI, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWsfcRole

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcRole -ComputerName cluster01

        Gets role information from the failover cluster cluster01

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcRole -ComputerName cluster01 | Select *

        Shows all role values, including the ones not shown in the default view

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            $cluster = Get-DbaWsfcCluster -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential
            $role = Get-DbaCmObject -Computername $computer -Credential $Credential -Namespace root\MSCluster -ClassName MSCluster_ResourceGroup
            $role | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName State -NotePropertyValue (Get-ResourceState $resource.State)
            $role | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterName -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Name
            $role | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterFqdn -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Fqdn
            $role | Select-DefaultView -Property ClusterName, ClusterFqdn, Name, OwnerNode, State
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaWsfcSharedVolume {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets information about Cluster Shared Volumes in a failover cluster.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets information about Cluster Shared Volumes in a failover cluster.

        All Windows Server Failover Clustering (Wsfc) commands require local admin on each member node.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target cluster name. Can be a node or the cluster name itself.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the cluster using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Cluster, WSFC, FCI, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaWsfcSharedVolume

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaWsfcSharedVolume -ComputerName cluster01

        Gets shared volume (CSV) information from the failover cluster cluster01

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            $cluster = Get-DbaWsfcCluster -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential
            $volume = Get-DbaCmObject -Computername $computer -Credential $Credential -Namespace root\MSCluster -ClassName ClusterSharedVolume
            # I don't have a shared volume, so I can't see how to clean this up: Passthru
            $volume | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterName -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Name
            $volume | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName ClusterFqdn -NotePropertyValue $cluster.Fqdn
            $volume | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName State -NotePropertyValue (Get-ResourceState $resource.State) -PassThru
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaXEObject {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets a list of extended events objects exposed by event packages from specified SQL Server instance(s).

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns a list of extended events objects exposed by event packages from specified SQL Server instance(s).

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Type
        Used to specify the type. Valid types include:

        Action
        Event
        Map
        Message
        PredicateComparator
        PredicateSource
        Target
        Type

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXEObject -SqlInstance sql2016

        Lists all the XE Objects on the sql2016 SQL Server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXEObject -SqlInstance sql2017 -Type Action, Event

        Lists all the XE Objects of type Action and Event on the sql2017 SQL Server.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet("Type", "Event", "Target", "Action", "Map", "Message", "PredicateComparator", "PredicateSource")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($Type) {
            $join = $Type -join "','"
            $where = "AND o.object_type in ('$join')"
            $where.Replace("PredicateComparator", "pred_compare")
            $where.Replace("PredicateSource", "pred_source")
        }
        $sql = "SELECT  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                p.name AS PackageName,
                ObjectType =
                      CASE o.object_type
                         WHEN 'type' THEN 'Type'
                         WHEN 'event' THEN 'Event'
                         WHEN 'target' THEN 'Target'
                         WHEN 'pred_compare' THEN 'PredicateComparator'
                         WHEN 'pred_source' THEN 'PredicateSource'
                         WHEN 'action' THEN 'Action'
                         WHEN 'map' THEN 'Map'
                         WHEN 'message' THEN 'Message'
                         ELSE o.object_type
                      END,
                o.object_type as ObjectTypeRaw,
                o.name AS TargetName,
                o.description as Description
                FROM sys.dm_xe_packages AS p
                JOIN sys.dm_xe_objects AS o ON p.guid = o.package_guid
                WHERE (p.capabilities IS NULL OR p.capabilities & 1 = 0)
                $where
                AND (o.capabilities IS NULL OR o.capabilities & 1 = 0)
                ORDER BY o.object_type
                "
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                return
            }

            try {
                $server.Query($sql) | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ComputerName, InstanceName, ObjectTypeRaw
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting trace data on $server." -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaXESession {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets a list of Extended Events Sessions from the specified SQL Server instance(s).

    .DESCRIPTION
        Retrieves a list of Extended Events Sessions present on the specified SQL Server instance(s).

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Session
        Only return specific sessions. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaXESession

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987

        Returns a custom object with ComputerName, SQLInstance, Session, StartTime, Status and other properties.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 | Format-Table ComputerName, SqlInstance, Session, Status -AutoSize

        Returns a formatted table displaying ComputerName, SqlInstance, Session, and Status.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'ServerA\sql987','ServerB' | Get-DbaXESession

        Returns a custom object with ComputerName, SqlInstance, Session, StartTime, Status and other properties, from multiple SQL instances.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Sessions")]
        [object[]]$Session,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Get-DbaXEsSession
    }

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11 -AzureUnsupported
                $SqlConn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
                $SqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $SqlConn
                $XEStore = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $SqlStoreConnection
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting XEvents Sessions on $instance."
            $xesessions = $XEStore.sessions

            if ($Session) {
                $xesessions = $xesessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Session }
            }

            foreach ($x in $xesessions) {
                $status = switch ($x.IsRunning) { $true { "Running" } $false { "Stopped" } }
                $files = $x.Targets.TargetFields | Where-Object Name -eq Filename | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Value

                $filecollection = $remotefile = @()

                if ($files) {
                    foreach ($file in $files) {
                        if ($file -notmatch ':\\' -and $file -notmatch '\\\\') {
                            $directory = $server.ErrorLogPath.TrimEnd("\")
                            $file = "$directory\$file"
                        }
                        $filecollection += $file
                        $remotefile += Join-AdminUnc -servername $server.ComputerName -filepath $file
                    }
                }

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Status -Value $status
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Session -Value $x.Name
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name TargetFile -Value $filecollection
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RemoteTargetFile -Value $remotefile
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Parent -Value $server
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $x -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Store -Value $XEStore
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $x -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Status, StartTime, AutoStart, State, Targets, TargetFile, Events, MaxMemory, MaxEventSize
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaXESessionTarget {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get a list of Extended Events Session Targets from the specified SQL Server instance(s).

    .DESCRIPTION
        Retrieves a list of Extended Events Session Targets from the specified SQL Server instance(s).

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Session
        Only return a specific session. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Target
        Only return a specific target.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Specifies an XE session returned by Get-DbaXESession to search.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaXESessionTarget

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESessionTarget -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987 -Session system_health

        Shows targets for the system_health session on ServerA\sql987.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2016 -Session system_health | Get-DbaXESessionTarget

        Returns the targets for the system_health session on sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2016 -Session system_health | Get-DbaXESessionTarget -Target package0.event_file

        Return only the package0.event_file target for the system_health session on sql2016.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "instance", Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Session,
        [string[]]$Target,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "piped", Mandatory)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$InputObject,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Get-Target {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $Sessions,
                $Session,
                $Server,
                $Target
            )

            foreach ($xsession in $Sessions) {

                if ($null -eq $server) {
                    $server = $xsession.Parent
                }

                if ($Session -and $xsession.Name -notin $Session) { continue }
                $status = switch ($xsession.IsRunning) { $true { "Running" } $false { "Stopped" } }
                $sessionname = $xsession.Name

                foreach ($xtarget in $xsession.Targets) {
                    if ($Target -and $xtarget.Name -notin $Target) { continue }

                    $files = $xtarget.TargetFields | Where-Object Name -eq Filename | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Value

                    $filecollection = $remotefile = @()

                    if ($files) {
                        foreach ($file in $files) {
                            if ($file -notmatch ':\\' -and $file -notmatch '\\\\') {
                                $directory = $server.ErrorLogPath.TrimEnd("\")
                                $file = "$directory\$file"
                            }
                            $filecollection += $file
                            $remotefile += Join-AdminUnc -servername $server.ComputerName -filepath $file
                        }
                    }

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Session -Value $sessionname
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SessionStatus -Value $status
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name TargetFile -Value $filecollection
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $xtarget -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RemoteTargetFile -Value $remotefile

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $xtarget -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Session, SessionStatus, Name, ID, 'TargetFields as Field', PackageName, 'TargetFile as File', Description, ScriptName
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Session $Session
        }
        Get-Target -Sessions $InputObject -Session $Session -Target $Target
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaXESessionTargetFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get a file system object from the Extended Events Session Target Files.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Get a file system object from the Extended Events Session Target Files.

        Note: this performs a Get-ChildItem on remote servers if the specified target SQL Server is remote.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to SQL instnace with alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Session
        Only return files from a specific session. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Target
        Only return files from a specific target.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows results from piping in Get-DbaXESessionTarget.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaXESessionTargetFile

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESessionTargetFile -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session 'Long Running Queries'

        Shows Target Files for the 'Long Running Queries' session on sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2016 -Session 'Long Running Queries' | Get-DbaXESessionTarget | Get-DbaXESessionTargetFile

        Returns the Target Files for the system_health session on sql2016.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "instance", Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Session,
        [string[]]$Target,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "piped", Mandatory)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Target[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaXESessionTarget -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Session $Session -Target $Target | Where-Object File -ne $null
        }

        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
            $computer = [dbainstance]$object.ComputerName
            try {
                if ($computer.IsLocal) {
                    $file = $object.TargetFile
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting $file"
                    Get-ChildItem "$file*" -ErrorAction Stop
                } else {
                    $file = $object.RemoteTargetFile
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting $file"
                    Get-ChildItem -Recurse "$file*" -ErrorAction Stop
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaXESessionTemplate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Parses Extended Event XML templates. Defaults to parsing templates in the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\).

    .DESCRIPTION
        Parses Extended Event XML templates. Defaults to parsing templates in the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\).

        The default repository contains templates from:
        Microsoft's Templates that come with SSMS
        Jes Borland's "Everyday Extended Events" presentation and GitHub repository (https://github.com/grrlgeek/extended-events)
        Christian Grafe (@ChrGraefe) XE Repo: https://github.com/chrgraefe/sqlscripts/blob/master/XE-Events/
        Erin Stellato's Blog: https://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/erin/

        Some profile templates converted using:
        sp_SQLskills_ConvertTraceToExtendedEvents.sql
        Jonathan M. Kehayias, SQLskills.com
        http://sqlskills.com/blogs/jonathan

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the template directory. Defaults to the dbatools template repository (\bin\xetemplates\).

    .PARAMETER Pattern
        Specify a pattern for filtering. Alternatively, you can use Out-GridView -Passthru to select objects and pipe them to Import-DbaXESessionTemplate

    .PARAMETER Template
        Specifies one or more of the templates provided by dbatools. Press tab to cycle through the list of options.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaXESessionTemplate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESessionTemplate

        Returns information about all the templates in the local dbatools repository.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESessionTemplate | Out-GridView -PassThru | Import-DbaXESessionTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 | Start-DbaXESession

        Allows you to select a Session template, then import it to the specified instance and start the session.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESessionTemplate -Path "$home\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Templates\XEventTemplates"

        Returns information about all the templates in your local XEventTemplates repository.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESessionTemplate -Pattern duration

        Returns information about all the templates that match the word "duration" in the title, category or body.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESessionTemplate | Select-Object *

        Returns more information about the template, including the full path/filename.

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [string[]]$Path = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\xetemplates",
        [string]$Pattern,
        [string[]]$Template,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $metadata = Import-Clixml "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\xetemplates-metadata.xml"
        # In case people really want a "like" search, which is slower
        $Pattern = $Pattern.Replace("*", ".*").Replace("..*", ".*")
    }
    process {
        foreach ($directory in $Path) {
            $files = Get-ChildItem "$directory\*.xml"

            if ($Template) {
                $files = $files | Where-Object BaseName -in $Template
            }

            foreach ($file in $files) {
                try {
                    $xml = [xml](Get-Content $file)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $file -Continue
                }

                foreach ($session in $xml.event_sessions) {
                    $meta = $metadata | Where-Object Name -eq $session.event_session.name
                    if ($Pattern) {
                        if (
                            # There's probably a better way to do this
                            ($session.event_session.name -match $Pattern) -or
                            ($session.event_session.TemplateCategory.'#text' -match $Pattern) -or
                            ($session.event_session.TemplateSource -match $Pattern) -or
                            ($session.event_session.TemplateDescription.'#text' -match $Pattern) -or
                            ($session.event_session.TemplateName.'#text' -match $Pattern) -or
                            ($meta.Source -match $Pattern)
                        ) {
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                Name          = $session.event_session.name
                                Category      = $session.event_session.TemplateCategory.'#text'
                                Source        = $meta.Source
                                Compatibility = ("$($meta.Compatibility)").ToString().Replace(",", "")
                                Description   = $session.event_session.TemplateDescription.'#text'
                                TemplateName  = $session.event_session.TemplateName.'#text'
                                Path          = $file
                                File          = $file.Name
                            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty File, TemplateName, Path
                        }
                    } else {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            Name          = $session.event_session.name
                            Category      = $session.event_session.TemplateCategory.'#text'
                            Source        = $meta.Source
                            Compatibility = $meta.Compatibility.ToString().Replace(",", "")
                            Description   = $session.event_session.TemplateDescription.'#text'
                            TemplateName  = $session.event_session.TemplateName.'#text'
                            Path          = $file
                            File          = $file.Name
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty File, TemplateName, Path
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaXESmartTarget {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets an XESmartTarget PowerShell job created by Start-DbaXESmartTarget.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Gets an XESmartTarget PowerShell job created by Start-DbaXESmartTarget.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl) | SmartTarget by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaXESmartTarget

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESmartTarget

        Gets an XESmartTarget PowerShell Job created by Start-DbaXESmartTarget.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        try {
            Get-Job | Where-Object Name -Match SmartTarget | Select-Object -Property ID, Name, State
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Get-DbaXEStore {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Get a Extended Events store

    .DESCRIPTION
        Get a Extended Events store

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Get-DbaXEStore

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXEStore -SqlInstance ServerA\sql987

        Returns an XEvent Store.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $SqlConn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            $SqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $SqlConn
            $store = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $SqlStoreConnection

            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $store -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $store -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ServerName, Sessions, Packages, RunningSessionCount
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Grant-DbaAgPermission {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Grants endpoint and availability group permissions to a login.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Grants endpoint and availability group permissions to a login. If the account is a Windows login and does not exist, it will be automatically added.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Login
        The login or logins to modify.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        Only modify specific availability groups.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Specify type: Endpoint or AvailabilityGroup. Endpoint will modify the DatabaseMirror endpoint type.

    .PARAMETER Permission
        Grants one or more permissions:
            Alter
            Connect
            Control
            CreateSequence
            CreateAnyDatabase
            Delete
            Execute
            Impersonate
            Insert
            Receive
            References
            Select
            Send
            TakeOwnership
            Update
            ViewChangeTracking
            ViewDefinition

            CreateAnyDatabase

        Connect is default.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaLogin.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Grant-DbaAgPermission

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Grant-DbaAgPermission -SqlInstance sql2017a -Type AvailabilityGroup -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint -Login ad\spservice -Permission CreateAnyDatabase

        Adds CreateAnyDatabase permissions to ad\spservice on the SharePoint availability group on sql2017a. Does not prompt for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Grant-DbaAgPermission -SqlInstance sql2017a -Type AvailabilityGroup -AvailabilityGroup ag1, ag2 -Login ad\spservice -Permission CreateAnyDatabase -Confirm

        Adds CreateAnyDatabase permissions to ad\spservice on the ag1 and ag2 availability groups on sql2017a. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2017a | Out-GridView -Passthru | Grant-DbaAgPermission -Type EndPoint

        Grants the selected logins Connect permissions on the DatabaseMirroring endpoint for sql2017a
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateSet('Endpoint', 'AvailabilityGroup')]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [ValidateSet('Alter', 'Connect', 'Control', 'CreateAnyDatabase', 'CreateSequence', 'Delete', 'Execute', 'Impersonate', 'Insert', 'Receive', 'References', 'Select', 'Send', 'TakeOwnership', 'Update', 'ViewChangeTracking', 'ViewDefinition')]
        [string[]]$Permission = "Connect",
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance -and -not $Login -and -not $AvailabilityGroup) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify one or more logins when using the SqlInstance parameter."
            return
        }

        if ($Type -contains "AvailabilityGroup" -and -not $AvailabilityGroup) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify at least one availability group when using the AvailabilityGroup type."
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ($perm -contains "CreateAnyDatabase") {
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                foreach ($ag in $AvailabilityGroup) {
                    try {
                        $server.Query("ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP $ag GRANT CREATE ANY DATABASE")
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                        return
                    }
                }
            } elseif ($Login) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Login $Login
                foreach ($account in $Login) {
                    if ($account -notin $InputObject.Name) {
                        try {
                            $InputObject += New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $server -Login $account -EnableException
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                            return
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        foreach ($account in $InputObject) {
            $server = $account.Parent
            if ($Type -contains "Endpoint") {
                $server.Endpoints.Refresh()
                $endpoint = $server.Endpoints | Where-Object EndpointType -eq DatabaseMirroring

                if (-not $endpoint) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "DatabaseMirroring endpoint does not exist on $server" -Target $server -Continue
                }

                foreach ($perm in $Permission) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Granting $perm on $endpoint")) {
                        if ($perm -in 'CreateAnyDatabase') {
                            Stop-Function -Message "$perm not supported by endpoints" -Continue
                        }
                        try {
                            $bigperms = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ObjectPermissionSet([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ObjectPermission]::$perm)
                            $endpoint.Grant($bigperms, $account.Name)
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                ComputerName = $account.ComputerName
                                InstanceName = $account.InstanceName
                                SqlInstance  = $account.SqlInstance
                                Name         = $account.Name
                                Permission   = $perm
                                Type         = "Grant"
                                Status       = "Success"
                            }
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ag -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Type -contains "AvailabilityGroup") {
                $ags = Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $account.Parent -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup
                foreach ($ag in $ags) {
                    foreach ($perm in $Permission) {
                        if ($perm -notin 'Alter', 'Control', 'TakeOwnership', 'ViewDefinition') {
                            Stop-Function -Message "$perm not supported by availability groups" -Continue
                        }
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Granting $perm on $ags")) {
                            try {
                                $bigperms = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ObjectPermissionSet([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ObjectPermission]::$perm)
                                $ag.Grant($bigperms, $account.Name)
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    ComputerName = $account.ComputerName
                                    InstanceName = $account.InstanceName
                                    SqlInstance  = $account.SqlInstance
                                    Name         = $account.Name
                                    Permission   = $perm
                                    Type         = "Grant"
                                    Status       = "Success"
                                }
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ag -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Import-DbaCmsRegServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Imports registered servers and registered server groups to SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS)

    .DESCRIPTION
        Imports registered servers and registered server groups to SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Group
        Imports to specific group

    .PARAMETER Path
        Optional path to exported reg server XML

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaCmsRegServer, Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup, CSVs and other objects.

        If importing from CSV or other object, a column named ServerName is required. Optional columns include Name, Description and Group.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: RegisteredServer, CMS
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Import-DbaCmsRegServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2012 -Path C:\temp\corp-regservers.xml

        Imports C:\temp\corp-regservers.xml to the CMS on sql2012

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2008 -Group hr\Seattle -Path C:\temp\Seattle.xml

        Imports C:\temp\Seattle.xml to Seattle subgroup within the hr group on sql2008

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2008, sql2012 | Import-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2017

        Imports all registered servers from sql2008 and sql2012 to sql2017

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sql2008 -Group hr\Seattle | Import-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2017 -Group Seattle

        Imports all registered servers from the hr\Seattle group on sql2008 to the Seattle group on sql2017

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("FullName")]
        [string[]]$Path,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [object]$Group,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            # Prep to import from file
            if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Path)) {
                $InputObject += Get-ChildItem -Path $Path
            }
            if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Group) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Path)) {
                if ($Group -is [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup]) {
                    $groupobject = $Group
                } else {
                    $groupobject = Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Group $Group
                }
                if (-not $groupobject) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Group $Group cannot be found on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }

            foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
                if ($object -is [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServer]) {

                    $groupexists = Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Group $object.Parent.Name
                    if (-not $groupexists) {
                        $groupexists = Add-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Name $object.Parent.Name
                    }
                    Add-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Name $object.Name -ServerName $object.ServerName -Description $object.Description -Group $groupexists
                } elseif ($object -is [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup]) {
                    foreach ($regserver in $object.RegisteredServers) {
                        $groupexists = Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Group $regserver.Parent.Name
                        if (-not $groupexists) {
                            $groupexists = Add-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Name $regserver.Parent.Name
                        }
                        Add-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Name $regserver.Name -ServerName $regserver.ServerName -Description $regserver.Description -Group $groupexists
                    }
                } elseif ($object -is [System.IO.FileInfo]) {
                    if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Group)) {
                        if ($Group -is [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup]) {
                            $reggroups = $Group
                        } else {
                            $reggroups = Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Group $Group
                        }
                    } else {
                        $reggroups = Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Id 1
                    }

                    foreach ($file in $object) {
                        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $file)) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "$file cannot be found" -Target $file -Continue
                        }

                        foreach ($reggroup in $reggroups) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Importing $file to $($reggroup.Name) on $instance"
                                $urnlist = $reggroup.RegisteredServers.Urn.Value
                                $reggroup.Import($file.FullName)
                                Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential | Where-Object { $_.Urn.Value -notin $urnlist }
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failure attempting to import $file to $instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    if (-not $object.ServerName) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Property 'ServerName' not found in InputObject. No servers added." -Continue
                    }
                    Add-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Name $object.Name -ServerName $object.ServerName -Description $object.Description -Group $groupobject
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Import-DbaRegisteredServer
    }
}
function Import-DbaCsv {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Efficiently imports very large (and small) CSV files into SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Import-DbaCsv takes advantage of .NET's super fast SqlBulkCopy class to import CSV files into SQL Server.

        The entire import is performed within a transaction, so if a failure occurs or the script is aborted, no changes will persist.

        If the table or view specified does not exist and -AutoCreateTable, it will be automatically created using slow and efficient but accomodating data types.

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies path to the CSV file(s) to be imported. Multiple files may be imported at once.

    .PARAMETER NoHeaderRow
        By default, the first row is used to determine column names for the data being imported.

        Use this switch if the first row contains data and not column names.

    .PARAMETER Delimiter
        Specifies the delimiter used in the imported file(s). If no delimiter is specified, comma is assumed.

        Valid delimiters are '`t`, '|', ';',' ' and ',' (tab, pipe, semicolon, space, and comma).

    .PARAMETER SingleColumn
        Specifies that the file contains a single column of data. Otherwise, the delimiter check bombs.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server Instance to import data into.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the name of the database the CSV will be imported into. Options for this this parameter are  auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Schema
        Specifies the schema in which the SQL table or view where CSV will be imported into resides. Default is dbo

        If a schema name is not specified, and a CSV name with multiple dots is specified (ie; something.data.csv) then this will be interpreted as a request to import into a table [data] in the schema [something].

        If a schema does not currently exist, it will be created, after a prompt to confirm this. Authorization will be set to dbo by default

    .PARAMETER Table
        Specifies the SQL table or view where CSV will be imported into.

        If a table name is not specified, the table name will be automatically determined from the filename.

        If the table specified does not exist and -AutoCreateTable, it will be automatically created using slow and efficient but accomodating data types.

        If the automatically generated table datatypes do not work for you, please create the table prior to import.

        If you want to import specific columns from a CSV, create a view with corresponding columns.

    .PARAMETER Column
        Import only specific columns. To remap column names, use the ColumnMap.

    .PARAMETER ColumnMap
        By default, the bulk copy tries to automap columns. When it doesn't work as desired, this parameter will help. Check out the examples for more information.

    .PARAMETER AutoCreateTable
        Creates a table if it does not already exist. The table will be created with sub-optimal data types such as nvarchar(max)

    .PARAMETER Truncate
        If this switch is enabled, the destination table will be truncated prior to import.

    .PARAMETER NotifyAfter
        Specifies the import row count interval for reporting progress. A notification will be shown after each group of this many rows has been imported.

    .PARAMETER BatchSize
        Specifies the batch size for the import. Defaults to 50000.

    .PARAMETER TableLock
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to acquire a table lock will be used. This is automatically used if -Turbo is enabled.

        Per Microsoft "Obtain a bulk update lock for the duration of the bulk copy operation. When not
        specified, row locks are used."

    .PARAMETER CheckConstraints
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to check constraints will be used.

        Per Microsoft "Check constraints while data is being inserted. By default, constraints are not checked."

    .PARAMETER FireTriggers
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to allow insert triggers to be executed will be used.

        Per Microsoft "When specified, cause the server to fire the insert triggers for the rows being inserted into the database."

    .PARAMETER KeepIdentity
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to keep identity values from the source will be used.

        Per Microsoft "Preserve source identity values. When not specified, identity values are assigned by the destination."

    .PARAMETER KeepNulls
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to keep NULL values in the table will be used.

        Per Microsoft "Preserve null values in the destination table regardless of the settings for default values. When not specified, null values are replaced by default values where applicable."

    .PARAMETER NoProgress
        The progress bar is pretty but can slow down imports. Use this parameter to quietly import.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Import
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Import-DbaCsv

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaCsv -Path C:\temp\housing.csv -SqlInstance sql001 -Database markets

        Imports the entire comma-delimited housing.csv to the SQL "markets" database on a SQL Server named sql001, using the first row as column names.

        Since a table name was not specified, the table name is automatically determined from filename as "housing".

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaCsv -Path .\housing.csv -SqlInstance sql001 -Database markets -Table housing -Delimiter "`t" -NoHeaderRow

        Imports the entire comma-delimited housing.csv, including the first row which is not used for colum names, to the SQL markets database, into the housing table, on a SQL Server named sql001.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaCsv -Path C:\temp\huge.txt -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database locations -Table latitudes -Delimiter "|"

        Imports the entire pipe-delimited huge.txt to the locations database, into the latitudes table on a SQL Server named sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaCsv -Path c:\temp\SingleColumn.csv -SqlInstance sql001 -Database markets -Table TempTable -SingleColumn

        Imports the single column CSV into TempTable

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-ChildItem -Path \\FileServer\csvs | Import-DbaCsv -SqlInstance sql001, sql002 -Database tempdb -AutoCreateTable

        Imports every CSV in the \\FileServer\csvs path into both sql001 and sql002's tempdb database. Each CSV will be imported into an automatically determined table name.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-ChildItem -Path \\FileServer\csvs | Import-DbaCsv -SqlInstance sql001, sql002 -Database tempdb -AutoCreateTable -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were to be executed

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaCsv -Path c:\temp\dataset.csv -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database tempdb -Column Name, Address, Mobile

        Import only Name, Address and Mobile even if other columns exist. All other columns are ignored and therefore null or default values.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $columns = @{
        >> Text = 'FirstName'
        >> Number = 'PhoneNumber'
        >> }
        PS C:\> Import-DbaCsv -Path c:\temp\supersmall.csv -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database tempdb -ColumnMap $columns

        The CSV column 'Text' is inserted into SQL column 'FirstName' and CSV column Number is inserted into the SQL Column 'PhoneNumber'. All other columns are ignored and therefore null or default values.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseDeclaredVarsMoreThanAssignments", "line", Justification = "Variable line is used, False Positive on line 330")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("Csv", "FullPath")]
        [object[]]$Path,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [pscredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Database,
        [string]$Table,
        [string]$Schema = "dbo",
        [switch]$Truncate,
        [string]$Delimiter = ",",
        [switch]$SingleColumn,
        [int]$BatchSize = 50000,
        [int]$NotifyAfter = 50000,
        [switch]$TableLock,
        [switch]$CheckConstraints,
        [switch]$FireTriggers,
        [switch]$KeepIdentity,
        [switch]$KeepNulls,
        [string[]]$Column,
        [hashtable[]]$ColumnMap,
        [switch]$AutoCreateTable,
        [switch]$NoProgress,
        [switch]$NoHeaderRow,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $FirstRowHeader = $NoHeaderRow -eq $false
        $scriptelapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()

        try {
            # SilentContinue isn't enough
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\csv\LumenWorks.Framework.IO.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        } catch {
            $null = 1
        }

        function New-SqlTable {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Creates new Table using existing SqlCommand.

                    SQL datatypes based on best guess of column data within the -ColumnText parameter.
                    Columns parameter determine column names.

                .EXAMPLE
                    New-SqlTable -Path $Path -Delimiter $Delimiter -Columns $columns -ColumnText $columntext -SqlConn $sqlconn -Transaction $transaction

                .OUTPUTS
                    Creates new table
            #>
            [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [string]$Path,
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [string]$Delimiter,
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [bool]$FirstRowHeader,
                [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection]$sqlconn,
                [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlTransaction]$transaction
            )
            $reader = New-Object LumenWorks.Framework.IO.Csv.CsvReader((New-Object System.IO.StreamReader($Path)), $FirstRowHeader, $Delimiter, 1)
            $columns = $reader.GetFieldHeaders()
            $reader.Close()
            $reader.Dispose()

            # Get SQL datatypes by best guess on first data row
            $sqldatatypes = @(); $index = 0

            foreach ($column in $Columns) {
                $sqldatatypes += "[$column] varchar(MAX)"
            }

            $sql = "BEGIN CREATE TABLE [$schema].[$table] ($($sqldatatypes -join ' NULL,')) END"
            $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)

            try {
                $null = $sqlcmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
            } catch {
                $errormessage = $_.Exception.Message.ToString()
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failed to execute $sql. `nDid you specify the proper delimiter? `n$errormessage"
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully created table $schema.$table with the following column definitions:`n $($sqldatatypes -join "`n ")"
            # Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "All columns are created using a best guess, and use their maximum datatype."
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "This is inefficient but allows the script to import without issues."
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Consider creating the table first using best practices if the data will be used in production."
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Started at $(Get-Date)"

        # Getting the total rows copied is a challenge. Use SqlBulkCopyExtension.
        # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1188384/sqlbulkcopy-row-count-when-complete

        $sourcecode = 'namespace System.Data.SqlClient
        {
            using Reflection;

            public static class SqlBulkCopyExtension
            {
                const String _rowsCopiedFieldName = "_rowsCopied";
                static FieldInfo _rowsCopiedField = null;

                public static int RowsCopiedCount(this SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy)
                {
                    if (_rowsCopiedField == null) _rowsCopiedField = typeof(SqlBulkCopy).GetField(_rowsCopiedFieldName, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.Instance);
                    return (int)_rowsCopiedField.GetValue(bulkCopy);
                }
            }
        }
    '
        if (-not $script:core) {
            try {
                Add-Type -ReferencedAssemblies System.Data.dll -TypeDefinition $sourcecode -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                $null = 1
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($filename in $Path) {

            if ($filename.FullName) {
                $filename = $filename.FullName
            }

            if (-not (Test-Path -Path $filename)) {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "$filename cannot be found"
            }

            $file = (Resolve-Path -Path $filename).ProviderPath

            # Does the second line contain the specified delimiter?
            try {
                $firstline = Get-Content -Path $file -TotalCount 2 -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure reading $file" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
            if (-not $SingleColumn) {
                if ($firstline -notmatch $Delimiter) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Delimiter ($Delimiter) not found in first few rows of $file. If this is a single column import, please specify -SingleColumn"
                    return
                }
            }

            # Automatically generate Table name if not specified, then prompt user to confirm
            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Table)) {
                $table = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($file)
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Table name not specified, using $table"
            }

            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
                # Open Connection to SQL Server
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -StatementTimeout 0 -MinimumVersion 9
                    $sqlconn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
                    $sqlconn.Open()
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Starting transaction in $Database")) {
                    # Everything will be contained within 1 transaction, even creating a new table if required
                    # and truncating the table, if specified.
                    $transaction = $sqlconn.BeginTransaction()
                }

                # Ensure database exists
                $sql = "select count(*) from master.dbo.sysdatabases where name = '$Database'"
                $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
                if (($sqlcmd.ExecuteScalar()) -eq 0) {
                    Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Database does not exist on $instance"
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database exists"
                $sqlconn.ChangeDatabase($Database)

                # Ensure Schema exists
                $sql = "select count(*) from $Database.sys.schemas where name='$schema'"
                $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)

                # If Schema doesn't exist create it
                # Defaulting to dbo.
                if (($sqlcmd.ExecuteScalar()) -eq 0) {
                    if (-not $AutoCreateTable) {
                        Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Schema $Schema does not exist and AutoCreateTable was not specified"
                    }
                    $sql = "CREATE SCHEMA [$schema] AUTHORIZATION dbo"
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating schema $schema")) {
                        $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
                        try {
                            $null = $sqlcmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Could not create $schema" -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Ensure table or view exists
                $sql = "select count(*) from $Database.sys.tables where name = '$table' and schema_id=schema_id('$schema')"
                $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)

                $sql2 = "select count(*) from $Database.sys.views where name = '$table' and schema_id=schema_id('$schema')"
                $sqlcmd2 = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql2, $sqlconn, $transaction)

                # Create the table if required. Remember, this will occur within a transaction, so if the script fails, the
                # new table will no longer exist.
                if (($sqlcmd.ExecuteScalar()) -eq 0 -and ($sqlcmd2.ExecuteScalar()) -eq 0) {
                    if (-not $AutoCreateTable) {
                        Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Table or view $table does not exist and AutoCreateTable was not specified"
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Table does not exist"
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating table $table")) {
                        New-SqlTable -Path $file -Delimiter $Delimiter -FirstRowHeader $FirstRowHeader -SqlConn $sqlconn -Transaction $transaction
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Table exists"
                }

                # Truncate if specified. Remember, this will occur within a transaction, so if the script fails, the
                # truncate will not be committed.
                if ($Truncate) {
                    $sql = "TRUNCATE TABLE [$schema].[$table]"
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Performing TRUNCATE TABLE [$schema].[$table] on $Database")) {
                        $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $sqlconn, $transaction)
                        try {
                            $null = $sqlcmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Could not truncate $schema.$table" -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Setup bulk copy
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting bulk copy for $(Split-Path $file -Leaf)"

                # Setup bulk copy options
                $bulkCopyOptions = @()
                $options = "TableLock", "CheckConstraints", "FireTriggers", "KeepIdentity", "KeepNulls", "Default"
                foreach ($option in $options) {
                    $optionValue = Get-Variable $option -ValueOnly -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                    if ($optionValue -eq $true) {
                        $bulkCopyOptions += "$option"
                    }
                }
                $bulkCopyOptions = $bulkCopyOptions -join " & "

                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Performing import from $file")) {
                    try {
                        # Create SqlBulkCopy using default options, or options specified in command line.
                        if ($bulkCopyOptions) {
                            $bulkcopy = New-Object Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy($oleconnstring, $bulkCopyOptions, $transaction)
                        } else {
                            $bulkcopy = New-Object Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy($sqlconn, "Default", $transaction)
                        }

                        $bulkcopy.DestinationTableName = "[$schema].[$table]"
                        $bulkcopy.BulkCopyTimeout = 0
                        $bulkCopy.BatchSize = $BatchSize
                        $bulkCopy.NotifyAfter = $NotifyAfter
                        $bulkCopy.EnableStreaming = $true

                        if ($ColumnMap) {
                            foreach ($columnname in $ColumnMap) {
                                foreach ($key in $columnname.Keys) {
                                    $null = $bulkcopy.ColumnMappings.Add($key, $columnname[$key])
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($Column) {
                            foreach ($columnname in $Column) {
                                $null = $bulkcopy.ColumnMappings.Add($columnname, $columnname)
                            }
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                    }

                    # Write to server :D
                    try {
                        # Open the text file from disk
                        # // or using (CsvReader csv = new CsvReader(File.OpenRead(path), false, Encoding.UTF8, addMark))
                        # When addMark is true, consecutive null bytes will be replaced by [removed x null bytes] to indicate the removal
                        $reader = New-Object LumenWorks.Framework.IO.Csv.CsvReader((New-Object System.IO.StreamReader($file)), $FirstRowHeader, $Delimiter, 1)

                        # Add rowcount output
                        $bulkCopy.Add_SqlRowsCopied( {
                                $script:totalrows = $args[1].RowsCopied
                                if (-not $NoProgress) {
                                    $timetaken = [math]::Round($elapsed.Elapsed.TotalSeconds, 2)
                                    Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber 1 -TotalSteps 2 -Activity "Importing from $file" -Message ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} rows in {2} seconds", $script:totalrows, $percent, $timetaken)) -ExcludePercent
                                }
                            })

                        $bulkCopy.WriteToServer($reader)

                        if ($resultcount -is [int]) {
                            Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting $resultcount rows" -status "Complete" -Completed
                        }

                        $reader.Close()
                        $reader.Dispose()
                        $completed = $true
                    } catch {
                        $completed = $false

                        if ($resultcount -is [int]) {
                            Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting $resultcount rows" -status "Failed" -Completed
                        }
                        Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Committing transaction")) {
                    if ($completed) {
                        # "Note: This count does not take into consideration the number of rows actually inserted when Ignore Duplicates is set to ON."
                        $null = $transaction.Commit()
                        if ($script:core) {
                            $rowscopied = "Unsupported in Core"
                        } else {
                            $rowscopied = [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopyExtension]::RowsCopiedCount($bulkcopy)
                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$rowscopied total rows copied"

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $Database
                            Table        = $table
                            Schema       = $schema
                            RowsCopied   = $rowscopied
                            Elapsed      = [prettytimespan]$elapsed.Elapsed
                            Path         = $file
                        }
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Transaction rolled back. Was the proper delimiter specified? Is the first row the column name?" -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                }

                # Close everything just in case & ignore errors
                try {
                    $null = $sqlconn.close(); $null = $sqlconn.Dispose();
                    $null = $bulkCopy.close(); $bulkcopy.dispose();
                    $null = $reader.close(); $null = $reader.dispose()
                } catch {
                    #here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        # Close everything just in case & ignore errors
        try {
            $null = $sqlconn.close(); $null = $sqlconn.Dispose();
            $null = $bulkCopy.close(); $bulkcopy.dispose();
            $null = $reader.close(); $null = $reader.dispose()
        } catch {
            #here to avoid an empty catch
            $null = 1
        }

        # Script is finished. Show elapsed time.
        $totaltime = [math]::Round($scriptelapsed.Elapsed.TotalSeconds, 2)
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Total Elapsed Time for everything: $totaltime seconds"

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Import-DbaCsvtoSql
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Import-CsvToSql
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Imports a new Performance Monitor Data Collector Set Template either from the dbatools repository or a file you specify.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Imports a new Performance Monitor Data Collector Set Template either from the dbatools repository or a file you specify.
        When importing data collector sets from the local instance, Run As Admin is required.

        Note: The included counters will be added for all SQL instances on the machine by default.
        For specific instances in addition to the default, use -Instance.

        See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa371952 for more information

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials. To use:

        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the xml file or files.

    .PARAMETER Template
        From one or more of the templates from the dbatools repository. Press Tab to cycle through the available options.

    .PARAMETER RootPath
        Sets the base path where the subdirectories are created.

    .PARAMETER DisplayName
        Sets the display name of the data collector set.

    .PARAMETER SchedulesEnabled
        If this switch is enabled, sets a value that indicates whether the schedules are enabled.

    .PARAMETER Segment
        Sets a value that indicates whether PLA creates new logs if the maximum size or segment duration is reached before the data collector set is stopped.

    .PARAMETER SegmentMaxDuration
        Sets the duration that the data collector set can run before it begins writing to new log files.

    .PARAMETER SegmentMaxSize
        Sets the maximum size of any log file in the data collector set.

    .PARAMETER Subdirectory
        Sets a base subdirectory of the root path where the next instance of the data collector set will write its logs.

    .PARAMETER SubdirectoryFormat
        Sets flags that describe how to decorate the subdirectory name. PLA appends the decoration to the folder name. For example, if you specify plaMonthDayHour, PLA appends the current month, day, and hour values to the folder name. If the folder name is MyFile, the result could be MyFile110816.

    .PARAMETER SubdirectoryFormatPattern
        Sets a format pattern to use when decorating the folder name. Default is 'yyyyMMdd\-NNNNNN'.

    .PARAMETER Task
        Sets the name of a Task Scheduler job to start each time the data collector set stops, including between segments.

    .PARAMETER TaskRunAsSelf
        If this switch is enabled, sets a value that determines whether the task runs as the data collector set user or as the user specified in the task.

    .PARAMETER TaskArguments
        Sets the command-line arguments to pass to the Task Scheduler job specified in the IDataCollectorSet::Task property.
        See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa371992 for more information.

    .PARAMETER TaskUserTextArguments
        Sets the command-line arguments that are substituted for the {usertext} substitution variable in the IDataCollectorSet::TaskArguments property.
        See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa371993 for more information.

    .PARAMETER StopOnCompletion
        If this switch is enabled, sets a value that determines whether the data collector set stops when all the data collectors in the set are in a completed state.

    .PARAMETER Instance
        By default, the template will be applied to all instances. If you want to set specific ones in addition to the default, supply just the instance name.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance, DataCollector, PerfCounter
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -ComputerName sql2017 -Template 'Long Running Query'

        Creates a new data collector set named 'Long Running Query' from the dbatools repository on the SQL Server sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -ComputerName sql2017 -Template 'Long Running Query' -DisplayName 'New Long running query' -Confirm

        Creates a new data collector set named "New Long Running Query" using the 'Long Running Query' template. Forces a confirmation if the template exists.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017 -Session db_ola_health | Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet
        Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -ComputerName sql2017 -Template db_ola_health | Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

        Imports a session if it exists, then recreates it using a template.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate | Out-GridView -PassThru | Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -ComputerName sql2017

        Allows you to select a Session template then import to an instance named sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaPfDataCollectorSetTemplate -ComputerName sql2017 -Template 'Long Running Query' -Instance SHAREPOINT

        Creates a new data collector set named 'Long Running Query' from the dbatools repository on the SQL Server sql2017 for both the default and the SHAREPOINT instance.

        If you'd like to remove counters for the default instance, use Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$DisplayName,
        [switch]$SchedulesEnabled,
        [string]$RootPath,
        [switch]$Segment,
        [int]$SegmentMaxDuration,
        [int]$SegmentMaxSize,
        [string]$Subdirectory,
        [int]$SubdirectoryFormat = 3,
        [string]$SubdirectoryFormatPattern = 'yyyyMMdd\-NNNNNN',
        [string]$Task,
        [switch]$TaskRunAsSelf,
        [string]$TaskArguments,
        [string]$TaskUserTextArguments,
        [switch]$StopOnCompletion,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("FullName")]
        [string[]]$Path,
        [string[]]$Template,
        [string[]]$Instance,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
        #$metadata = Import-Clixml "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\perfmontemplates\collectorsets.xml"

        $setscript = {
            $setname = $args[0]; $templatexml = $args[1]
            $collectorset = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            $collectorset.SetXml($templatexml)
            $null = $collectorset.Commit($setname, $null, 0x0003) #add or modify.
            $null = $collectorset.Query($setname, $Null)
        }

        $instancescript = {
            $services = Get-Service -DisplayName *sql* | Select-Object -ExpandProperty DisplayName
            [regex]::matches($services, '(?<=\().+?(?=\))').Value | Where-Object { $PSItem -ne 'MSSQLSERVER' } | Select-Object -Unique
        }
    }
    process {
        
        
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Path -Not) -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Template -Not)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify Path or Template"
        }

        if (($Path.Count -gt 1 -or $Template.Count -gt 1) -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Template)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Name cannot be specified with multiple files or templates because the Session will already exist"
        }

        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue

            foreach ($file in $template) {
                $templatepath = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\perfmontemplates\collectorsets\$file.xml"
                if ((Test-Path $templatepath)) {
                    $Path += $templatepath
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Invalid template ($templatepath does not exist)" -Continue
                }
            }

            foreach ($file in $Path) {

                if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName DisplayName -Not)) {
                    Set-Variable -Name DisplayName -Value (Get-ChildItem -Path $file).BaseName
                }

                $Name = $DisplayName

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $file for $computer"

                if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName RootPath -Not)) {
                    Set-Variable -Name RootName -Value "%systemdrive%\PerfLogs\Admin\$Name"
                }

                # Perform replace
                $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("").TrimEnd("\")
                $tempfile = "$temp\import-dbatools-perftemplate.xml"

                try {
                    # Get content
                    $contents = Get-Content $file -ErrorAction Stop

                    # Replace content
                    $replacements = 'RootPath', 'DisplayName', 'SchedulesEnabled', 'Segment', 'SegmentMaxDuration', 'SegmentMaxSize', 'SubdirectoryFormat', 'SubdirectoryFormatPattern', 'Task', 'TaskRunAsSelf', 'TaskArguments', 'TaskUserTextArguments', 'StopOnCompletion', 'DisplayNameUnresolved'

                    foreach ($replacement in $replacements) {
                        $phrase = "<$replacement></$replacement>"
                        $value = (Get-Variable -Name $replacement -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Value
                        if ($value -eq $false) {
                            $value = "0"
                        }
                        if ($value -eq $true) {
                            $value = "1"
                        }
                        $replacephrase = "<$replacement>$value</$replacement>"
                        $contents = $contents.Replace($phrase, $replacephrase)
                    }

                    # Set content
                    $null = Set-Content -Path $tempfile -Value $contents -Encoding Unicode
                    $xml = [xml](Get-Content $tempfile -ErrorAction Stop)
                    $plainxml = Get-Content $tempfile -ErrorAction Stop -Raw
                    $file = $tempfile
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $file -Continue
                }
                if (-not $xml.DataCollectorSet) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$file is not a valid Performance Monitor template document" -Continue
                }

                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Importing $file as $name "

                    if ($instance) {
                        $instances = $instance
                    } else {
                        $instances = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $instancescript -ErrorAction Stop -Raw
                    }

                    $scriptblock = {
                        try {
                            $results = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $Name, $plainxml -ErrorAction Stop
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message " $results"
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failure starting $setname on $computer" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    if ((Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -CollectorSet $Name)) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "CollectorSet $Name already exists. Modify?")) {
                            Invoke-Command -Scriptblock $scriptblock
                            $output = Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -CollectorSet $Name
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Importing collector set $Name")) {
                            Invoke-Command -Scriptblock $scriptblock
                            $output = Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -CollectorSet $Name
                        }
                    }

                    $newcollection = @()
                    foreach ($instance in $instances) {
                        $datacollector = Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -CollectorSet $Name | Get-DbaPfDataCollector
                        $sqlcounters = $datacollector | Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter | Where-Object { $_.Name -match 'sql.*\:' -and $_.Name -notmatch 'sqlclient' } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name

                        foreach ($counter in $sqlcounters) {
                            $split = $counter.Split(":")
                            $firstpart = switch ($split[0]) {
                                'SQLServer' { 'MSSQL' }
                                '\SQLServer' { '\MSSQL' }
                                default { $split[0] }
                            }
                            $secondpart = $split[-1]
                            $finalcounter = "$firstpart`$$instance`:$secondpart"
                            $newcollection += $finalcounter
                        }
                    }

                    if ($newcollection.Count) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Adding $($newcollection.Count) additional counters")) {
                            $null = Add-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -InputObject $datacollector -Counter $newcollection
                        }
                    }

                    Remove-Item $tempfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                    $output
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $store -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Import-DbaSpConfigure {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Updates sp_configure settings on destination server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Updates sp_configure settings on destination server.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Specifies a SQL Server instance to set up sp_configure values on using a SQL file.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Use this SQL credential if you are setting up sp_configure values from a SQL file.

        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the path to a SQL script file holding sp_configure queries for each of the settings to be changed. Export-DbaSPConfigure creates a suitable file as its output.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, no version check between Source and Destination is performed. By default, the major and minor versions of Source and Destination must match when copying sp_configure settings.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SpConfig, Configure, Configuration
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Import-DbaSpConfigure

    .INPUTS
        None You cannot pipe objects to Import-DbaSpConfigure

    .OUTPUTS
        $true if success
        $false if failure

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaSpConfigure -Source sqlserver -Destination sqlcluster

        Imports the sp_configure settings from the source server sqlserver and sets them on the sqlcluster server using Windows Authentication

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaSpConfigure -Source sqlserver -Destination sqlcluster -Force

        Imports the sp_configure settings from the source server sqlserver and sets them on the sqlcluster server using Windows Authentication. Will not do a version check between Source and Destination

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaSpConfigure -Source sqlserver -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential

        Imports the sp_configure settings from the source server sqlserver and sets them on the sqlcluster server using the SQL credentials stored in the variables $SourceSqlCredential and $DestinationSqlCredential

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance sqlserver -Path .\spconfig.sql -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

        Imports the sp_configure settings from the file .\spconfig.sql and sets them on the sqlserver server using the SQL credential stored in the variable $SqlCredential

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServerCopy")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServerCopy")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServerCopy")]
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServerCopy")]
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "FromFile")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "FromFile")]
        [string]$Path,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "FromFile")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {

        if ($Path.length -eq 0) {
            try {
                $sourceserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Source" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
                return
            }

            if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $sourceserver -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $sourceserver. Quitting." -Category PermissionDenied -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            try {
                $destserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Destination" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Destination
                return
            }

            if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $destserver -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $destserver. Quitting." -Category PermissionDenied -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            $source = $sourceserver.DomainInstanceName
            $destination = $destserver.DomainInstanceName
        } else {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $SqlInstance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
            }

            if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $server. Quitting." -Category PermissionDenied -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            if ((Test-Path $Path) -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "File $Path Not Found" -Category InvalidArgument -Target $Path -Continue
            }
        }

    }
    process {
        if ($Path.length -eq 0) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Export sp_configure")) {
                $sqlfilename = Export-DbaSpConfigure $sourceserver
            }

            if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -ne $destserver.versionMajor -and $force -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Source SQL Server major version and Destination SQL Server major version must match for sp_configure migration. Use -Force to override this precaution or check the exported sql file, $sqlfilename, and run manually."
                return
            }

            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Execute sp_configure")) {
                $sourceserver.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $true
                $sourceserver.Configuration.Alter($true)
                $destserver.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $true
                $sourceserver.Configuration.Alter($true)

                $destprops = $destserver.Configuration.Properties

                foreach ($sourceprop in $sourceserver.Configuration.Properties) {
                    $displayname = $sourceprop.DisplayName

                    $destprop = $destprops | where-object { $_.Displayname -eq $displayname }
                    if ($null -ne $destprop) {
                        try {
                            $destprop.configvalue = $sourceprop.configvalue
                            $null = $destserver.Query("RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE")
                            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "updated $($destprop.displayname) to $($sourceprop.configvalue)."
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not set $($destprop.displayname) to $($sourceprop.configvalue). Feature may not be supported." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                try {
                    $destserver.Configuration.Alter()
                } catch {
                    $needsrestart = $true
                }

                $sourceserver.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $false
                $sourceserver.Configuration.Alter($true)
                $destserver.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $false
                $destserver.Configuration.Alter($true)

                if ($needsrestart -eq $true) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Some configuration options will be updated once SQL Server is restarted."
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Configuration option has been updated."
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Removing temp file")) {
                Remove-Item $sqlfilename -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }

        } else {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Importing sp_configure from $Path")) {
                $server.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $true
                $sql = Get-Content $Path
                foreach ($line in $sql) {
                    try {
                        $null = $server.Query($line)
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Successfully executed $line."
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "$line failed. Feature may not be supported." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
                $server.Configuration.ShowAdvancedOptions.ConfigValue = $false
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Some configuration options will be updated once SQL Server is restarted."
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        if ($Path.length -gt 0) {
            $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
        } else {
            $sourceserver.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
            $destserver.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
        }

        If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing finished message")) {
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "SQL Server configuration options migration finished."
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Import-SqlSpConfigure
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Import-DbaXESessionTemplate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Imports a new XESession XML Template

    .DESCRIPTION
        Imports a new XESession XML Template either from the dbatools repository or a file you specify.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        The Name of the session to create.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the xml file or files for the session(s).

    .PARAMETER Template
        Specifies the name of one of the templates from the dbatools repository. Press tab to cycle through the provided templates.

    .PARAMETER TargetFilePath
        By default, files will be created in the default xel directory. Use TargetFilePath to change all instances of
        filename = "file.xel" to filename = "$TargetFilePath\file.xel". Only specify the directory, not the file itself.

        This path is relative to the destination directory

    .PARAMETER TargetFileMetadataPath
        By default, files will be created in the default xem directory. Use TargetFileMetadataPath to change all instances of
        filename = "file.xem" to filename = "$TargetFilePath\file.xem". Only specify the directory, not the file itself.

        This path is relative to the destination directory

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Import-DbaXESessionTemplate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaXESessionTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 -Template db_query_wait_stats

        Creates a new XESession named db_query_wait_stats from the dbatools repository to the SQL Server sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-DbaXESessionTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 -Template db_query_wait_stats -Name "Query Wait Stats"

        Creates a new XESession named "Query Wait Stats" using the db_query_wait_stats template.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session db_ola_health | Remove-DbaXESession
        PS C:\> Import-DbaXESessionTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017 -Template db_ola_health | Start-DbaXESession

        Imports a session if it exists, then recreates it using a template.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESessionTemplate | Out-GridView -PassThru | Import-DbaXESessionTemplate -SqlInstance sql2017

        Allows you to select a Session template then import to an instance named sql2017.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Name,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("FullName")]
        [string[]]$Path,
        [string[]]$Template,
        [string]$TargetFilePath,
        [string]$TargetFileMetadataPath,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $metadata = Import-Clixml "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\xetemplates-metadata.xml"
    }
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Path -Not) -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Template -Not)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify Path or Template."
        }

        if (($Path.Count -gt 1 -or $Template.Count -gt 1) -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Template)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Name cannot be specified with multiple files or templates because the Session will already exist."
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $SqlConn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            $SqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $SqlConn
            $store = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $SqlStoreConnection

            foreach ($file in $template) {
                $templatepath = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\xetemplates\$file.xml"
                if ((Test-Path $templatepath)) {
                    $Path += $templatepath
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Invalid template ($templatepath does not exist)." -Continue
                }
            }

            foreach ($file in $Path) {

                if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName TargetFilePath)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Importing $file to $instance"
                    try {
                        $xml = [xml](Get-Content $file -ErrorAction Stop)
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $file -Continue
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "TargetFilePath specified, changing all file locations in $file for $instance."
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "TargetFileMetadataPath specified, changing all metadata file locations in $file for $instance."

                    # Handle whatever people specify
                    $TargetFilePath = $TargetFilePath.TrimEnd("\")
                    $TargetFileMetadataPath = $TargetFileMetadataPath.TrimEnd("\")
                    $TargetFilePath = "$TargetFilePath\"
                    $TargetFileMetadataPath = "$TargetFileMetadataPath\"

                    # Perform replace
                    $xelphrase = 'name="filename" value="'
                    $xemphrase = 'name="metadatafile" value="'

                    try {
                        $basename = (Get-ChildItem $file).Basename
                        $contents = Get-Content $file -ErrorAction Stop
                        $contents = $contents.Replace($xelphrase, "$xelphrase$TargetFilePath")
                        $contents = $contents.Replace($xemphrase, "$xemphrase$TargetFileMetadataPath")
                        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("").TrimEnd("\")
                        $tempfile = "$temp\$basename"
                        $null = Set-Content -Path $tempfile -Value $contents -Encoding UTF8
                        $xml = [xml](Get-Content $tempfile -ErrorAction Stop)
                        $file = $tempfile
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $file -Continue
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$TargetFilePath does not exist on $server, creating now."
                    try {
                        if (-not (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $TargetFilePath)) {
                            $null = New-DbaDirectory -SqlInstance $server -Path $TargetFilePath
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $file -Continue
                    }
                }

                if (-not $xml.event_sessions) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$file is not a valid XESession template document." -Continue
                }

                if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Name -not)) {
                    $Name = (Get-ChildItem $file).BaseName
                }

                # This could be done better but not today
                $no2012 = ($metadata | Where-Object Compatibility -gt 2012).Name
                $no2014 = ($metadata | Where-Object Compatibility -gt 2014).Name

                if ($Name -in $no2012 -and $server.VersionMajor -eq 11) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$Name is not supported in SQL Server 2012 ($server)" -Continue
                }

                if ($Name -in $no2014 -and $server.VersionMajor -eq 12) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$Name is not supported in SQL Server 2014 ($server)" -Continue
                }

                if ((Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server -Session $Name)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$Name already exists on $instance" -Continue
                }

                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Importing $file as $name "
                    $session = $store.CreateSessionFromTemplate($Name, $file)
                    $session.Create()
                    if ($file -eq $tempfile) {
                        Remove-Item $tempfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                    }
                    Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server -Session $session.Name
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $store -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Install-DbaFirstResponderKit {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Installs or updates the First Responder Kit stored procedures.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Downloads, extracts and installs the First Responder Kit stored procedures:
        sp_Blitz, sp_BlitzWho, sp_BlitzFirst, sp_BlitzIndex, sp_BlitzCache and sp_BlitzTrace, etc.

        First Responder Kit links:
        http://FirstResponderKit.org
        https://github.com/BrentOzarULTD/SQL-Server-First-Responder-Kit

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database to instal the First Responder Kit stored procedures into

    .PARAMETER Branch
        Specifies an alternate branch of the First Responder Kit to install. (master or dev)

    .PARAMETER LocalFile
        Specifies the path to a local file to install FRK from. This *should* be the zipfile as distributed by the maintainers.
        If this parameter is not specified, the latest version will be downloaded and installed from https://github.com/BrentOzarULTD/SQL-Server-First-Responder-Kit

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the FRK will be downloaded from the internet even if previously cached.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts to confirm actions

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: BrentOzar, FRK, FirstResponderKit
        Author: Tara Kizer, Brent Ozar Unlimited (https://www.brentozar.com/)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Install-DbaFirstResponderKit

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaFirstResponderKit -SqlInstance server1 -Database master

        Logs into server1 with Windows authentication and then installs the FRK in the master database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaFirstResponderKit -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Database DBA

        Logs into server1\instance1 with Windows authentication and then installs the FRK in the DBA database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaFirstResponderKit -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Database master -SqlCredential $cred

        Logs into server1\instance1 with SQL authentication and then installs the FRK in the master database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaFirstResponderKit -SqlInstance sql2016\standardrtm, sql2016\sqlexpress, sql2014

        Logs into sql2016\standardrtm, sql2016\sqlexpress and sql2014 with Windows authentication and then installs the FRK in the master database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sql2016\standardrtm", "sql2016\sqlexpress", "sql2014"
        PS C:\> $servers | Install-DbaFirstResponderKit

        Logs into sql2016\standardrtm, sql2016\sqlexpress and sql2014 with Windows authentication and then installs the FRK in the master database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaFirstResponderKit -SqlInstance sql2016 -Branch dev

        Installs the dev branch version of the FRK in the master database on sql2016 instance.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('master', 'dev')]
        [string]$Branch = "master",
        [object]$Database = "master",
        [string]$LocalFile,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $DbatoolsData = Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName "Path.DbatoolsData"

        if (-not $DbatoolsData) {
            $DbatoolsData = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
        }

        $url = "https://github.com/BrentOzarULTD/SQL-Server-First-Responder-Kit/archive/$Branch.zip"

        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
        $zipfile = "$temp\SQL-Server-First-Responder-Kit-$Branch.zip"
        $zipfolder = "$temp\SQL-Server-First-Responder-Kit-$Branch\"
        $FRKLocation = "FRK_$Branch"
        $LocalCachedCopy = Join-Path -Path $DbatoolsData -ChildPath $FRKLocation
        if ($LocalFile) {
            if (-not(Test-Path $LocalFile)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$LocalFile doesn't exist"
                return
            }
            if (-not($LocalFile.EndsWith('.zip'))) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$LocalFile should be a zip file"
                return
            }
        }

        if ($Force -or -not(Test-Path -Path $LocalCachedCopy -PathType Container) -or $LocalFile) {
            # Force was passed, or we don't have a local copy, or $LocalFile was passed
            if ($zipfile | Test-Path) {
                Remove-Item -Path $zipfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }
            if ($zipfolder | Test-Path) {
                Remove-Item -Path $zipfolder -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }

            $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $zipfolder -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            if ($LocalFile) {
                Unblock-File $LocalFile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                Expand-Archive -Path $LocalFile -DestinationPath $zipfolder -Force
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Downloading and unzipping the First Responder Kit zip file."

                try {

                    try {
                        Invoke-TlsWebRequest $url -OutFile $zipfile -ErrorAction Stop -UseBasicParsing
                    } catch {
                        # Try with default proxy and usersettings
                        (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials
                        Invoke-TlsWebRequest $url -OutFile $zipfile -ErrorAction Stop -UseBasicParsing
                    }


                    # Unblock if there's a block
                    Unblock-File $zipfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                    Expand-Archive -Path $zipfile -DestinationPath $zipfolder -Force

                    Remove-Item -Path $zipfile
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't download the First Responder Kit. Download and install manually from https://github.com/BrentOzarULTD/SQL-Server-First-Responder-Kit/archive/$Branch.zip." -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
            }

            ## Copy it into local area
            if (Test-Path -Path $LocalCachedCopy -PathType Container) {
                Remove-Item -Path (Join-Path $LocalCachedCopy '*') -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            } else {
                $null = New-Item -Path $LocalCachedCopy -ItemType Container
            }
            Copy-Item -Path $zipfolder -Destination $LocalCachedCopy -Recurse
        }
    }


    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting installing/updating the First Responder Kit stored procedures in $database on $instance."
            $allprocedures_query = "select name from sys.procedures where is_ms_shipped = 0"
            $allprocedures = ($server.Query($allprocedures_query, $Database)).Name
            # Install/Update each FRK stored procedure
            foreach ($script in (Get-ChildItem $LocalCachedCopy -Recurse -Filter "sp_*.sql")) {
                $scriptname = $script.Name
                $scriptError = $false
                if ($scriptname -ne "sp_BlitzRS.sql") {

                    if ($scriptname -eq "sp_BlitzQueryStore.sql") {
                        if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 13) { continue }
                    }
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "installing/updating $scriptname in $database.")) {
                        try {
                            Invoke-DbaQuery -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -File $script.FullName -EnableException -Verbose:$false
                        } catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Could not execute at least one portion of $scriptname in $Database on $instance." -ErrorRecord $_
                            $scriptError = $true
                        }
                        $baseres = @{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $Database
                            Name         = $script.BaseName
                        }
                        if ($scriptError) {
                            $baseres['Status'] = 'Error'
                        } elseif ($script.BaseName -in $allprocedures) {
                            $baseres['Status'] = 'Updated'
                        } else {
                            $baseres['Status'] = 'Installed'
                        }
                        [PSCustomObject]$baseres
                    }
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finished installing/updating the First Responder Kit stored procedures in $database on $instance."
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Install-DbaMaintenanceSolution {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Download and Install SQL Server Maintenance Solution created by Ola Hallengren (https://ola.hallengren.com)

    .DESCRIPTION
        This script will download and install the latest version of SQL Server Maintenance Solution created by Ola Hallengren

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance onto which the Maintenance Solution will be installed.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database where Ola Hallengren's solution will be installed. Defaults to master.

    .PARAMETER BackupLocation
        Location of the backup root directory. If this is not supplied, the default backup directory will be used.

    .PARAMETER CleanupTime
        Time in hours, after which backup files are deleted.

    .PARAMETER OutputFileDirectory
        Specify the output file directory where the Maintenance Solution will write to.

    .PARAMETER ReplaceExisting
        If this switch is enabled, objects already present in the target database will be dropped and recreated.

    .PARAMETER LogToTable
        If this switch is enabled, the Maintenance Solution will be configured to log commands to a table.

    .PARAMETER Solution
        Specifies which portion of the Maintenance solution to install. Valid values are All (full solution), Backup, IntegrityCheck and IndexOptimize.

    .PARAMETER InstallJobs
        If this switch is enabled, the corresponding SQL Agent Jobs will be created.

    .PARAMETER LocalFile
        Specifies the path to a local file to install Ola's solution from. This *should* be the zipfile as distributed by the maintainers.
        If this parameter is not specified, the latest version will be downloaded and installed from https://github.com/olahallengren/sql-server-maintenance-solution

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Ola's solution will be downloaded from the internet even if previously cached.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Ola, Maintenance
        Author: Viorel Ciucu, cviorel.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        http://dbatools.io/Install-DbaMaintenanceSolution

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaMaintenanceSolution -SqlInstance RES14224 -Database DBA -CleanupTime 72

        Installs Ola Hallengren's Solution objects on RES14224 in the DBA database.
        Backups will default to the default Backup Directory.
        If the Maintenance Solution already exists, the script will be halted.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaMaintenanceSolution -SqlInstance RES14224 -Database DBA -BackupLocation "Z:\SQLBackup" -CleanupTime 72

        This will create the Ola Hallengren's Solution objects. Existing objects are not affected in any way.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaMaintenanceSolution -SqlInstance RES14224 -Database DBA -BackupLocation "Z:\SQLBackup" -CleanupTime 72 -ReplaceExisting

        This will drop and then recreate the Ola Hallengren's Solution objects
        The cleanup script will drop and recreate:
        - TABLE [dbo].[CommandLog]
        - STORED PROCEDURE [dbo].[CommandExecute]
        - STORED PROCEDURE [dbo].[DatabaseBackup]
        - STORED PROCEDURE [dbo].[DatabaseIntegrityCheck]
        - STORED PROCEDURE [dbo].[IndexOptimize]

        The following SQL Agent jobs will be deleted:
        - 'Output File Cleanup'
        - 'IndexOptimize - USER_DATABASES'
        - 'sp_delete_backuphistory'
        - 'DatabaseBackup - USER_DATABASES - LOG'
        - 'DatabaseBackup - SYSTEM_DATABASES - FULL'
        - 'DatabaseBackup - USER_DATABASES - FULL'
        - 'sp_purge_jobhistory'
        - 'DatabaseIntegrityCheck - SYSTEM_DATABASES'
        - 'CommandLog Cleanup'
        - 'DatabaseIntegrityCheck - USER_DATABASES'
        - 'DatabaseBackup - USER_DATABASES - DIFF'

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Medium")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "", Justification = "Internal functions are ignored")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object]$Database = "master",
        [string]$BackupLocation,
        [int]$CleanupTime,
        [string]$OutputFileDirectory,
        [switch]$ReplaceExisting,
        [switch]$LogToTable,
        [ValidateSet('All', 'Backup', 'IntegrityCheck', 'IndexOptimize')]
        [string]$Solution = 'All',
        [switch]$InstallJobs,
        [string]$LocalFile,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($InstallJobs -and $Solution -ne 'All') {
            Stop-Function -Message "Jobs can only be created for all solutions. To create SQL Agent jobs you need to use '-Solution All' (or not specify the Solution and let it default to All) and '-InstallJobs'."
            return
        }

        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName CleanupTime) -and -not $InstallJobs) {
            Stop-Function -Message "CleanupTime is only useful when installing jobs. To install jobs, please use '-InstallJobs' in addition to CleanupTime."
            return
        }

        if ($ReplaceExisting -eq $true) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "If Ola Hallengren's scripts are found, we will drop and recreate them!"
        }

        $DbatoolsData = Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName "Path.DbatoolsData"

        $url = "https://github.com/olahallengren/sql-server-maintenance-solution/archive/master.zip"

        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
        $zipfile = "$temp\ola-sql-server-maintenance-solution.zip"
        $zipfolder = "$temp\ola-sql-server-maintenance-solution\"
        $OLALocation = "OLA_SQL_MAINT_master"
        $LocalCachedCopy = Join-Path -Path $DbatoolsData -ChildPath $OLALocation
        if ($LocalFile) {
            if (-not (Test-Path $LocalFile)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$LocalFile doesn't exist"
                return
            }
            if (-not ($LocalFile.EndsWith('.zip'))) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$LocalFile should be a zip file"
                return
            }
        }

        if ($Force -or -not (Test-Path -Path $LocalCachedCopy -PathType Container) -or $LocalFile) {
            # Force was passed, or we don't have a local copy, or $LocalFile was passed
            if ($zipfile | Test-Path) {
                Remove-Item -Path $zipfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }
            if ($zipfolder | Test-Path) {
                Remove-Item -Path $zipfolder -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }

            $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $zipfolder -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            if ($LocalFile) {
                Unblock-File $LocalFile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                Expand-Archive -Path $LocalFile -DestinationPath $zipfolder -Force
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Downloading and unzipping Ola's maintenance solution zip file."

                try {
                    try {
                        Invoke-TlsWebRequest $url -OutFile $zipfile -ErrorAction Stop -UseBasicParsing
                    } catch {
                        # Try with default proxy and usersettings
                        (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials
                        Invoke-TlsWebRequest $url -OutFile $zipfile -ErrorAction Stop -UseBasicParsing
                    }

                    # Unblock if there's a block
                    Unblock-File $zipfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                    Expand-Archive -Path $zipfile -DestinationPath $zipfolder -Force

                    Remove-Item -Path $zipfile
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't download Ola's maintenance solution. Download and install manually from https://github.com/olahallengren/sql-server-maintenance-solution/archive/master.zip." -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
            }

            ## Copy it into local area
            if (Test-Path -Path $LocalCachedCopy -PathType Container) {
                Remove-Item -Path (Join-Path $LocalCachedCopy '*') -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            } else {
                $null = New-Item -Path $LocalCachedCopy -ItemType Container
            }
            Copy-Item -Path $zipfolder -Destination $LocalCachedCopy -Recurse
        }

        function Get-DbaOlaWithParameters($listOfFiles) {

            $fileContents = @{ }
            foreach ($file in $listOfFiles) {
                $fileContents[$file] = Get-Content -Path $file -Raw
            }

            foreach ($file in $($fileContents.Keys)) {
                # In which database we install
                if ($Database -ne 'master') {
                    $findDB = 'USE [master]'
                    $replaceDB = 'USE [' + $Database + ']'
                    $fileContents[$file] = $fileContents[$file].Replace($findDB, $replaceDB)
                }

                # Backup location
                if ($BackupLocation) {
                    $findBKP = 'SET @BackupDirectory     = NULL'
                    $replaceBKP = 'SET @BackupDirectory     = N''' + $BackupLocation + ''''
                    $fileContents[$file] = $fileContents[$file].Replace($findBKP, $replaceBKP)
                }

                # CleanupTime
                if ($CleanupTime -ne 0) {
                    $findCleanupTime = 'SET @CleanupTime         = NULL'
                    $replaceCleanupTime = 'SET @CleanupTime         = ' + $CleanupTime
                    $fileContents[$file] = $fileContents[$file].Replace($findCleanupTime, $replaceCleanupTime)
                }

                # OutputFileDirectory
                if (-not $OutputFileDirectory) {
                    $findOutputFileDirectory = 'SET @OutputFileDirectory = NULL'
                    $replaceOutputFileDirectory = 'SET @OutputFileDirectory = N''' + $OutputFileDirectory + ''''
                    $fileContents[$file] = $fileContents[$file].Replace($findOutputFileDirectory, $replaceOutputFileDirectory)
                }

                # LogToTable
                if (!$LogToTable) {
                    $findLogToTable = "SET @LogToTable          = 'Y'"
                    $replaceLogToTable = "SET @LogToTable          = 'N'"
                    $fileContents[$file] = $fileContents[$file].Replace($findLogToTable, $replaceLogToTable)
                }

                # Create Jobs
                if (-not $InstallJobs) {
                    $findCreateJobs = "SET @CreateJobs          = 'Y'"
                    $replaceCreateJobs = "SET @CreateJobs          = 'N'"
                    $fileContents[$file] = $fileContents[$file].Replace($findCreateJobs, $replaceCreateJobs)
                }
            }
            return $fileContents
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -NonPooled
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName ReplaceExisting -Not)) {
                $procs = Get-DbaModule -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database | Where-Object Name -in 'CommandExecute', 'DatabaseBackup', 'DatabaseIntegrityCheck', 'IndexOptimize'
                $table = Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -Table CommandLog -IncludeSystemDBs | Where-Object Database -eq $Database

                if ($null -ne $procs -or $null -ne $table) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The Maintenance Solution already exists in $Database on $instance. Use -ReplaceExisting to automatically drop and recreate."
                    return
                }
            }

            if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName BackupLocation -Not)) {
                $BackupLocation = (Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $server).Backup
            }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Ola Hallengren's solution will be installed on database $Database."

            $db = $server.Databases[$Database]

            # Required
            $required = @('CommandExecute.sql')

            if ($LogToTable) {
                $required += 'CommandLog.sql'
            }

            if ($Solution -match 'Backup') {
                $required += 'DatabaseBackup.sql'
            }

            if ($Solution -match 'IntegrityCheck') {
                $required += 'DatabaseIntegrityCheck.sql'
            }

            if ($Solution -match 'IndexOptimize') {
                $required += 'IndexOptimize.sql'
            }

            if ($Solution -match 'All') {
                $required += 'MaintenanceSolution.sql'
            }

            $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
            $zipfile = "$temp\ola.zip"


            $listOfFiles = Get-ChildItem -Filter "*.sql" -Path $LocalCachedCopy -Recurse | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName

            $fileContents = Get-DbaOlaWithParameters -listOfFiles $listOfFiles

            $CleanupQuery = $null
            if ($ReplaceExisting) {
                [string]$CleanupQuery = $("
                            IF OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[CommandLog]', 'U') IS NOT NULL
                                DROP TABLE [dbo].[CommandLog];
                            IF OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[CommandExecute]', 'P') IS NOT NULL
                                DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[CommandExecute];
                            IF OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[DatabaseBackup]', 'P') IS NOT NULL
                                DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[DatabaseBackup];
                            IF OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[DatabaseIntegrityCheck]', 'P') IS NOT NULL
                                DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[DatabaseIntegrityCheck];
                            IF OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[IndexOptimize]', 'P') IS NOT NULL
                                DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[IndexOptimize];
                            ")

                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Dropping objects created by Ola's Maintenance Solution"
                $null = $db.Query($CleanupQuery)

                # Remove Ola's Jobs
                if ($InstallJobs -and $ReplaceExisting) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Removing existing SQL Agent Jobs created by Ola's Maintenance Solution."
                    $jobs = Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object Description -match "hallengren"
                    if ($jobs) {
                        $jobs | ForEach-Object { Remove-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -Job $_.name }
                    }
                }
            }

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Installing on server $instance, database $Database."

                foreach ($file in $fileContents.Keys) {
                    $shortFileName = Split-Path $file -Leaf
                    if ($required.Contains($shortFileName)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Installing $shortFileName."
                        $sql = $fileContents[$file]
                        try {
                            foreach ($query in ($sql -Split "\nGO\b")) {
                                $null = $db.Query($query)
                            }
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not execute $shortFileName in $Database on $instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not execute $shortFileName in $Database on $instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
            }
        }
        # Only here due to need for non-pooled connection in this command
        try {
            $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
        } catch {
            # here to avoid an empty catch
            $null = 1
        }

        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Installation complete."
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Install-DbaSqlWatch {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Installs or updates SqlWatch.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Downloads, extracts and installs or updates SqlWatch.
        https://sqlwatch.io/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database to install SqlWatch into. Defaults to SQLWATCH.

    .PARAMETER LocalFile
        Specifies the path to a local file to install SqlWatch from. This *should* be the zipfile as distributed by the maintainers.
        If this parameter is not specified, the latest version will be downloaded and installed from https://github.com/marcingminski/sqlwatch

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, SqlWatch will be downloaded from the internet even if previously cached.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts to confirm actions

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SqlWatch
        Author: Ken K (github.com/koglerk)
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Install-DbaSqlWatch

    .EXAMPLE
        Install-DbaSqlWatch -SqlInstance server1

        Logs into server1 with Windows authentication and then installs SqlWatch in the SQLWATCH database.

    .EXAMPLE
        Install-DbaSqlWatch -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Database DBA

        Logs into server1\instance1 with Windows authentication and then installs SqlWatch in the DBA database.

    .EXAMPLE
        Install-DbaSqlWatch -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Database DBA -SqlCredential $cred

        Logs into server1\instance1 with SQL authentication and then installs SqlWatch in the DBA database.

    .EXAMPLE
        Install-DbaSqlWatch -SqlInstance sql2016\standardrtm, sql2016\sqlexpress, sql2014

        Logs into sql2016\standardrtm, sql2016\sqlexpress and sql2014 with Windows authentication and then installs SqlWatch in the SQLWATCH database.

    .EXAMPLE
        $servers = "sql2016\standardrtm", "sql2016\sqlexpress", "sql2014"
        $servers | Install-DbaSqlWatch

        Logs into sql2016\standardrtm, sql2016\sqlexpress and sql2014 with Windows authentication and then installs SqlWatch in the SQLWATCH database.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Database = "SQLWATCH",
        [string]$LocalFile,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $stepCounter = 0

        $DbatoolsData = Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName "Path.DbatoolsData"
        $tempFolder = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
        $zipfile = "$tempFolder\SqlWatch.zip"

        if (-not $LocalFile) {
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Downloading latest release from GitHub")) {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Downloading latest release from GitHub"
                # query the releases to find the latest, check and see if its cached
                $ReleasesUrl = "https://api.github.com/repos/marcingminski/sqlwatch/releases"
                $DownloadBase = "https://github.com/marcingminski/sqlwatch/releases/download/"

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking GitHub for the latest release."
                $LatestReleaseUrl = (Invoke-TlsWebRequest -UseBasicParsing -Uri $ReleasesUrl | ConvertFrom-Json)[0].assets[0].browser_download_url

                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Latest release is available at $LatestReleaseUrl"
                $LocallyCachedZip = Join-Path -Path $DbatoolsData -ChildPath $($LatestReleaseUrl -replace $DownloadBase, '');

                # if local cached copy exists, use it, otherwise download a new one
                if (-not $Force) {

                    # download from github
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose "Downloading $LatestReleaseUrl"
                    try {
                        Invoke-TlsWebRequest $LatestReleaseUrl -OutFile $zipfile -ErrorAction Stop -UseBasicParsing
                    } catch {
                        #try with default proxy and usersettings
                        (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials
                        Invoke-TlsWebRequest $LatestReleaseUrl -OutFile $zipfile -ErrorAction Stop -UseBasicParsing
                    }

                    # copy the file from temp to local cache
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose "Copying $zipfile to $LocallyCachedZip"
                    try {
                        New-Item -Path $LocallyCachedZip -ItemType File -Force | Out-Null
                        Copy-Item -Path $zipfile -Destination $LocallyCachedZip -Force
                    } catch {
                        # should we stop the function if the file copy fails?
                        # here to avoid an empty catch
                        $null = 1
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {

            # $LocalFile was passed, so use it
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Copying local file to temp directory")) {

                if ($LocalFile.EndsWith("zip")) {
                    $LocallyCachedZip = $zipfile
                    Copy-Item -Path $LocalFile -Destination $LocallyCachedZip -Force
                } else {
                    $LocallyCachedZip = (Join-Path -path $tempFolder -childpath "SqlWatch.zip")
                    Copy-Item -Path $LocalFile -Destination $LocallyCachedZip -Force
                }
            }
        }

        # expand the zip file
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Unpacking zipfile")) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose "Unblocking $LocallyCachedZip"
            Unblock-File $LocallyCachedZip -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            $LocalCacheFolder = Split-Path $LocallyCachedZip -Parent

            Write-Message -Level Verbose "Extracting $LocallyCachedZip to $LocalCacheFolder"
            if (Get-Command -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Name "Expand-Archive") {
                try {
                    Expand-Archive -Path $LocallyCachedZip -DestinationPath $LocalCacheFolder -Force
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to extract $LocallyCachedZip. Archive may not be valid." -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
            } else {
                # Keep it backwards compatible
                $shell = New-Object -ComObject Shell.Application
                $zipPackage = $shell.NameSpace($LocallyCachedZip)
                $destinationFolder = $shell.NameSpace($LocalCacheFolder)
                Get-ChildItem "$LocalCacheFolder\SqlWatch.zip" | Remove-Item
                $destinationFolder.CopyHere($zipPackage.Items())
            }

            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose "Deleting $LocallyCachedZip"
            Remove-Item -Path $LocallyCachedZip
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Installing SqlWatch on $Database")) {
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Starting installing/updating SqlWatch in $database on $instance"


                try {
                    # create a publish profile and publish DACPAC
                    $DacPacPath = Get-ChildItem -Filter "SqlWatch.dacpac" -Path $LocalCacheFolder -Recurse | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
                    $PublishOptions = @{
                        RegisterDataTierApplication = $true
                    }

                    Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Publishing SqlWatch dacpac to $database on $instance"
                    $DacProfile = New-DbaDacProfile -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -Path $LocalCacheFolder -PublishOptions $PublishOptions | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FileName
                    $PublishResults = Publish-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -Path $DacPacPath -PublishXml $DacProfile

                    # parse results
                    $parens = Select-String -InputObject $PublishResults.Result -Pattern "\(([^\)]+)\)" -AllMatches
                    if ($parens.matches) {
                        $ExtractedResult = $parens.matches | Select-Object -Last 1
                    }

                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName = $PublishResults.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $PublishResults.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance  = $PublishResults.SqlInstance
                        Database     = $PublishResults.Database
                        Status       = $ExtractedResult
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "DACPAC failed to publish to $database on $instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finished installing/updating SqlWatch in $database on $instance."
            }
        }
    }
}
function Install-DbaWatchUpdate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Adds the scheduled task to support Watch-DbaUpdate.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Adds the scheduled task to support Watch-DbaUpdate.

    .PARAMETER TaskName
        Provide custom name for the Scheduled Task

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Module
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Install-DbaWatchUpdate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaWatchUpdate

        Adds the scheduled task needed by Watch-DbaUpdate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaWatchUpdate -TaskName MyScheduledTask

        Will create the scheduled task as the name MyScheduledTask

    #>
    [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param(
        [string]$TaskName = 'dbatools version check',
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:COMPUTERNAME, "Validate Version of OS") ) {
            if (([Environment]::OSVersion).Version.Major -lt 10) {
                Stop-Function -Message "This command only supports Windows 10 and above"
            }
        }
        $script = {
            try {
                # create a task, check every 3 hours
                $action = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute 'powershell.exe' -Argument '-NoProfile -NoLogo -NonInteractive -WindowStyle Hidden Watch-DbaUpdate'
                $trigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Once -At (Get-Date).Date -RepetitionInterval (New-TimeSpan -Hours 1)
                $principal = New-ScheduledTaskPrincipal -LogonType S4U -UserId (whoami)
                $settings = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet -ExecutionTimeLimit ([timespan]::Zero) -AllowStartIfOnBatteries -DontStopIfGoingOnBatteries -StartWhenAvailable -RunOnlyIfNetworkAvailable -DontStopOnIdleEnd
                #Variable $Task marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replaced with $null for catching output
                $null = Register-ScheduledTask -Principal $principal -TaskName 'dbatools version check' -Action $action -Trigger $trigger -Settings $settings -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                # keep moving
                # here to avoid an empty catch
                $null = 1
            }
        }

        if ($null -eq (Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName $TaskName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
            # Needs admin creds to setup the kind of PowerShell window that doesn't appear for a millisecond
            # which is a millisecond too long
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:COMPUTERNAME, "Validate running in RunAs mode")) {
                if (-not ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This command has to run using RunAs mode (privileged) to create the Scheduled Task. This will only happen once."
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:COMPUTERNAME, "Starting process in RunAs mode") ) {
                        Start-Process powershell -Verb runAs -ArgumentList Install-DbaWatchUpdate -Wait
                    }
                }

            }
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:COMPUTERNAME, "Creating scheduled task $TaskName")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $script -ErrorAction Stop

                    if ((Get-Location).Path -ne "$env:WINDIR\system32") {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Scheduled Task [$TaskName] created! A notification should appear momentarily. Here's something cute to look at in the interim."
                        Show-Notification -Title "dbatools wants you" -Text "come hang out at dbatools.io/slack"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not create scheduled task $TaskName" -Target $env:COMPUTERNAME -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:COMPUTERNAME, "Checking scheduled task was created")) {
                # double check
                if ($null -eq (Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName "dbatools version check" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Scheduled Task was not created."
                }
            }
        } else {
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Scheduled Task $TaskName is already installed on this machine."
        }
    }
}
function Install-DbaWhoIsActive {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Automatically installs or updates sp_WhoisActive by Adam Machanic.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command downloads, extracts and installs sp_WhoisActive with Adam's permission. To read more about sp_WhoisActive, please visit http://whoisactive.com and http://sqlblog.com/blogs/adam_machanic/archive/tags/who+is+active/default.aspx

        Please consider donating to Adam if you find this stored procedure helpful: http://tinyurl.com/WhoIsActiveDonate

        Note that you will be prompted a bunch of times to confirm an action.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2005 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database to install sp_WhoisActive into. This parameter is mandatory when executing this command unattended.

    .PARAMETER LocalFile
        Specifies the path to a local file to install sp_WhoisActive from. This can be either the zipfile as distributed by the website or the expanded SQL script. If this parameter is not specified, the latest version will be downloaded and installed from https://whoisactive.com/

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the sp_WhoisActive will be downloaded from the internet even if previously cached.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AdamMechanic, WhoIsActive, SpWhoIsActive
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Install-DbaWhoIsActive

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaWhoIsActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database master

        Downloads sp_WhoisActive from the internet and installs to sqlserver2014a's master database. Connects to SQL Server using Windows Authentication.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaWhoIsActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred

        Pops up a dialog box asking which database on sqlserver2014a you want to install the procedure into. Connects to SQL Server using SQL Authentication.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Install-DbaWhoIsActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database master -LocalFile c:\SQLAdmin\whoisactive_install.sql

        Installs sp_WhoisActive to sqlserver2014a's master database from the local file whoisactive_install.sql

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $instances = Get-DbaCmsRegServer sqlserver
        PS C:\> Install-DbaWhoIsActive -SqlInstance $instances -Database master

        Installs sp_WhoisActive to all servers within CMS
    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, Position = 0)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PsCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateScript( { Test-Path -Path $_ -PathType Leaf })]
        [string]$LocalFile,
        [object]$Database,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException,
        [switch]$Force
    )

    begin {
        $DbatoolsData = Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName "Path.DbatoolsData"
        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
        $zipfile = "$temp\spwhoisactive.zip"

        if ($LocalFile -eq $null -or $LocalFile.Length -eq 0) {
            $baseUrl = "http://whoisactive.com/downloads"
            $latest = ((Invoke-TlsWebRequest -UseBasicParsing -uri http://whoisactive.com/downloads).Links | where-object { $PSItem.href -match "who_is_active" } | Select-Object href -First 1).href
            $LocalCachedCopy = Join-Path -Path $DbatoolsData -ChildPath $latest;

            if ((Test-Path -Path $LocalCachedCopy -PathType Leaf) -and (-not $Force)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Locally-cached copy exists, skipping download."
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Copying sp_WhoisActive from local cache for installation")) {
                    Copy-Item -Path $LocalCachedCopy -Destination $zipfile;
                }
            } else {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Downloading sp_WhoisActive")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Downloading sp_WhoisActive zip file, unzipping and installing."
                        $url = $baseUrl + "/" + $latest
                        try {
                            Invoke-TlsWebRequest $url -OutFile $zipfile -ErrorAction Stop -UseBasicParsing
                            Copy-Item -Path $zipfile -Destination $LocalCachedCopy
                        } catch {
                            #try with default proxy and usersettings
                            (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials
                            Invoke-TlsWebRequest $url -OutFile $zipfile -ErrorAction Stop -UseBasicParsing
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't download sp_WhoisActive. Please download and install manually from $url." -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            # Look local
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Copying local file to temp directory")) {

                if ($LocalFile.EndsWith("zip")) {
                    Copy-Item -Path $LocalFile -Destination $zipfile -Force
                } else {
                    Copy-Item -Path $LocalFile -Destination (Join-Path -path $temp -childpath "whoisactivelocal.sql")
                }
            }
        }
        if ($LocalFile -eq $null -or $LocalFile.Length -eq 0 -or $LocalFile.EndsWith("zip")) {
            # Unpack
            # Unblock if there's a block
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Unpacking zipfile")) {

                Unblock-File $zipfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                if (Get-Command -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Name "Expand-Archive") {
                    try {
                        Expand-Archive -Path $zipfile -DestinationPath $temp -Force
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Unable to extract $zipfile. Archive may not be valid." -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                } else {
                    # Keep it backwards compatible
                    $shell = New-Object -ComObject Shell.Application
                    $zipPackage = $shell.NameSpace($zipfile)
                    $destinationFolder = $shell.NameSpace($temp)
                    Get-ChildItem "$temp\who*active*.sql" | Remove-Item
                    $destinationFolder.CopyHere($zipPackage.Items())
                }
                Remove-Item -Path $zipfile
            }
            $sqlfile = (Get-ChildItem "$temp\who*active*.sql" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Select-Object -First 1).FullName
        } else {
            $sqlfile = $LocalFile
        }

        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Reading SQL file into memory")) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using $sqlfile."

            $sql = [IO.File]::ReadAllText($sqlfile)
            $sql = $sql -replace 'USE master', ''
            $batches = $sql -split "GO\r\n"

            $matchString = 'Who Is Active? v'

            If ($sql -like "*$matchString*") {
                $posStart = $sql.IndexOf("$matchString")
                $PosEnd = $sql.IndexOf(")", $PosStart)
                $versionWhoIsActive = $sql.Substring($posStart + $matchString.Length, $posEnd - ($posStart + $matchString.Length) + 1).TrimEnd()
            } Else {
                $versionWhoIsActive = ''
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (-not $Database) {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Prompting with GUI list of databases")) {
                    $Database = Show-DbaDbList -SqlInstance $server -Title "Install sp_WhoisActive" -Header "To deploy sp_WhoisActive, select a database or hit cancel to quit." -DefaultDb "master"

                    if (-not $Database) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "You must select a database to install the procedure." -Target $Database
                        return
                    }

                    if ($Database -ne 'master') {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You have selected a database other than master. When you run Invoke-DbaWhoIsActive in the future, you must specify -Database $Database."
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Installing sp_WhoisActive")) {
                try {
                    $ProcedureExists_Query = "select COUNT(*) [proc_count] from sys.procedures where is_ms_shipped = 0 and name like '%sp_WhoisActive%'"

                    if ($server.Databases[$Database]) {
                        $ProcedureExists = ($server.Query($ProcedureExists_Query, $Database)).proc_count
                        foreach ($batch in $batches) {
                            try {
                                $null = $server.databases[$Database].ExecuteNonQuery($batch)
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to install stored procedure." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -Target $instance
                            }
                        }

                        if ($ProcedureExists -gt 0) {
                            $status = 'Updated'
                        } else {
                            $status = 'Installed'
                        }


                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $Database
                            Name         = 'sp_WhoisActive'
                            Version      = $versionWhoIsActive
                            Status       = $status
                        }
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to find database $Database on $instance or $Database is not writeable." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -Target $instance
                    }

                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to install stored procedure." -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -Target $instance
                }

            }
        }
    }
    end {
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($env:computername, "Post-install cleanup")) {
            Get-Item $sqlfile | Remove-Item
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Install-SqlWhoIsActive
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Allows the restore of modified BackupHistory Objects
        For 90% of users Restore-DbaDatabase should be your point of access to this function. The other 10% use it at their own risk

    .DESCRIPTION
        This is the final piece in the Restore-DbaDatabase Stack. Usually a BackupHistory object will arrive here from `Restore-Dbadatabase` via the following pipeline:
        `Get-DbaBackupInformation  | Select-DbaBackupInformation | Format-DbaBackupInformation | Test-DbaBackupInformation | Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore`

        We have exposed these functions publicly to allow advanced users to perform operations that we don't support, or won't add as they would make things too complex for the majority of our users

        For example if you wanted to do some very complex redirection during a migration, then doing the rewrite of destinations may be better done with your own custom scripts rather than via `Format-DbaBackupInformation`

        We would recommend ALWAYS pushing your input through `Test-DbaBackupInformation` just to make sure that it makes sense to us.

    .PARAMETER BackupHistory
        The BackupHistory object to be restored.
        Can be passed in on the pipeline

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SqlInstance to which the backups should be restored

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        SqlCredential to be used to connect to the target SqlInstance

    .PARAMETER OutputScriptOnly
        If set, the restore will not be performed, but the T-SQL scripts to perform it will be returned

    .PARAMETER VerifyOnly
        If set, performs a Verify of the backups rather than a full restore

    .PARAMETER RestoreTime
        Point in Time to which the database should be restored.

        This should be the same value or earlier, as used in the previous pipeline stages

    .PARAMETER StandbyDirectory
        A folder path where a standby file should be created to put the recovered databases in a standby mode

    .PARAMETER NoRecovery
        Leave the database in a restoring state so that further restore may be made

    .PARAMETER MaxTransferSize
        Parameter to set the unit of transfer. Values must be a multiple by 64kb

    .PARAMETER Blocksize
        Specifies the block size to use. Must be one of 0.5kb,1kb,2kb,4kb,8kb,16kb,32kb or 64kb
        Can be specified in bytes
        Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail

    .PARAMETER BufferCount
        Number of I/O buffers to use to perform the operation.
        Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail

    .PARAMETER Continue
        Indicates that the restore is continuing a restore, so target database must be in Recovering or Standby states

    .PARAMETER AzureCredential
        AzureCredential required to connect to blob storage holding the backups

    .PARAMETER WithReplace
        Indicated that if the database already exists it should be replaced

    .PARAMETER KeepCDC
        Indicates whether CDC information should be restored as part of the database

    .PARAMETER PageRestore
        The output from Get-DbaSuspect page containing the suspect pages to be restored.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        Replaces user friendly yellow warnings with bloody red exceptions of doom!
        Use this if you want the function to throw terminating errors you want to catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Restore, Backup
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram - http://stuart-moore.com)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $BackupHistory | Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore -SqlInstance MyInstance

        Will restore all the backups in the BackupHistory object according to the transformations it contains

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $BackupHistory | Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore -SqlInstance MyInstance -OutputScriptOnly
        PS C:\> $BackupHistory | Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore -SqlInstance MyInstance

        First generates just the T-SQL restore scripts so they can be sanity checked, and then if they are good perform the full restore.
        By reusing the BackupHistory object there is no need to rescan all the backup files again

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "AzureCredential", Justification = "For Parameter AzureCredential")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Object[]]$BackupHistory,
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$OutputScriptOnly,
        [switch]$VerifyOnly,
        [datetime]$RestoreTime = (Get-Date).AddDays(2),
        [string]$StandbyDirectory,
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [int]$MaxTransferSize,
        [int]$BlockSize,
        [int]$BufferCount,
        [switch]$Continue,
        [string]$AzureCredential,
        [switch]$WithReplace,
        [switch]$KeepCDC,
        [object[]]$PageRestore,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            return
        }
        if ($KeepCDC -and ($NoRecovery -or ('' -ne $StandbyDirectory))) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "KeepCDC cannot be specified with Norecovery or Standby as it needs recovery to work"
            return
        }

        if ($null -ne $PageRestore) {
            Write-Message -Message "Doing Page Recovery" -Level Verbose
            $tmpPages = @()
            foreach ($Page in $PageRestore) {
                $tmppages += "$($Page.FileId):$($Page.PageID)"
            }
            $NoRecovery = $True
            $Pages = $tmpPages -join ','
        }
        $InternalHistory = @()
    }
    process {
        foreach ($bh in $BackupHistory) {
            $InternalHistory += $bh
        }
    }
    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        $Databases = $InternalHistory.Database | Select-Object -Unique
        foreach ($Database in $Databases) {
            $DatabaseRestoreStartTime = Get-Date
            if ($Database -in $Server.Databases.Name) {
                if (-not $OutputScriptOnly -and -not $VerifyOnly) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Killing processes in $Database on $SqlInstance as it exists and WithReplace specified  `n", "Cannot proceed if processes exist, ", "Database Exists and WithReplace specified, need to kill processes to restore")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Killing processes on $Database"
                            $null = Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $Server -Database $Database -WarningAction Silentlycontinue
                            $null = $server.Query("Alter database $Database set offline with rollback immediate; alter database $Database set restricted_user; Alter database $Database set online with rollback immediate", 'master')
                            $server.ConnectionContext.Connect()
                        } catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No processes to kill in $Database"
                        }
                    }
                } elseif (-not $WithReplace -and (-not $VerifyOnly)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$Database exists and WithReplace not specified, stopping" -EnableException $EnableException
                    return
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Message "WithReplace  = $WithReplace" -Level Debug
            $backups = @($InternalHistory | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $Database} | Sort-Object -Property Type, FirstLsn)
            $BackupCnt = 1
            foreach ($backup in $backups) {
                $FileRestoreStartTime = Get-Date
                $Restore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore
                if (($backup -ne $backups[-1]) -or $true -eq $NoRecovery) {
                    $Restore.NoRecovery = $True
                } elseif ($backup -eq $backups[-1] -and '' -ne $StandbyDirectory) {
                    $Restore.StandbyFile = $StandByDirectory + "\" + $Database + (get-date -Format yyyMMddHHmmss) + ".bak"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting standby on last file $($Restore.StandbyFile)"
                } else {
                    $Restore.NoRecovery = $False
                }
                if ($restoretime -gt (Get-Date) -or $Restore.RestoreTime -gt (Get-Date) -or $backup.RecoveryModel -eq 'Simple') {
                    $Restore.ToPointInTime = $null
                } else {
                    if ($RestoreTime -ne $Restore.RestoreTime) {
                        $Restore.ToPointInTime = $backup.RestoreTime
                    } else {
                        $Restore.ToPointInTime = $RestoreTime
                    }
                }
                $Restore.Database = $database
                $Restore.ReplaceDatabase = $WithReplace
                if ($MaxTransferSize) {
                    $Restore.MaxTransferSize = $MaxTransferSize
                }
                if ($BufferCount) {
                    $Restore.BufferCount = $BufferCount
                }
                if ($BlockSize) {
                    $Restore.Blocksize = $BlockSize
                }
                if ($true -ne $Continue -and ($null -eq $Pages)) {
                    foreach ($file in $backup.FileList) {
                        $MoveFile = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RelocateFile
                        $MoveFile.LogicalFileName = $File.LogicalName
                        $MoveFile.PhysicalFileName = $File.PhysicalName
                        $null = $Restore.RelocateFiles.Add($MoveFile)
                    }
                }
                $Action = switch ($backup.Type) {
                    '1' {'Database'}
                    '2' {'Log'}
                    '5' {'Database'}
                    'Transaction Log' {'Log'}
                    Default {'Database'}
                }

                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "restore action = $Action"
                $Restore.Action = $Action
                foreach ($File in $backup.FullName) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Adding device $file" -Level Debug
                    $Device = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem
                    $Device.Name = $file
                    if ($file.StartsWith("http")) {
                        $Device.devicetype = "URL"
                    } else {
                        $Device.devicetype = "File"
                    }

                    if ($AzureCredential) {
                        $Restore.CredentialName = $AzureCredential
                    }

                    $Restore.FileNumber = $backup.Position
                    $Restore.Devices.Add($Device)
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Performing restore action"
                $ConfirmMessage = "`n Restore Database $Database on $SqlInstance `n from files: $RestoreFileNames `n with these file moves: `n $LogicalFileMovesString `n $ConfirmPointInTime `n"
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$Database on $SqlInstance `n `n", $ConfirmMessage)) {
                    try {
                        $RestoreComplete = $true
                        if ($KeepCDC -and $Restore.NoRecovery -eq $false) {
                            $script = $Restore.Script($server)
                            if ($script -like '*WITH*') {
                                $script = $script.TrimEnd() + ' , KEEP_CDC'
                            } else {
                                $script = $script.TrimEnd() + ' WITH KEEP_CDC'
                            }
                            if ($true -ne $OutputScriptOnly) {
                                Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Restoring $Database to $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                                $null = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteNonQuery($script)
                                Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Restoring $Database to $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -status "Complete" -Completed
                            }
                        } elseif ($null -ne $Pages -and $Action -eq 'Database') {
                            $script = $Restore.Script($server)
                            $script = $script -replace "] FROM", "] PAGE='$pages' FROM"
                            if ($true -ne $OutputScriptOnly) {
                                Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Restoring $Database to $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                                $null = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteNonQuery($script)
                                Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Restoring $Database to $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -status "Complete" -Completed
                            }
                        } elseif ($OutputScriptOnly) {
                            $script = $Restore.Script($server)
                        } elseif ($VerifyOnly) {
                            Write-Message -Message "VerifyOnly restore" -Level Verbose
                            Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Verifying $Database backup file on $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                            $Verify = $Restore.SqlVerify($server)
                            Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Verifying $Database backup file on $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -status "Complete" -Completed
                            if ($verify -eq $true) {
                                Write-Message -Message "VerifyOnly restore Succeeded" -Level Verbose
                                return "Verify successful"
                            } else {
                                Write-Message -Message "VerifyOnly restore Failed" -Level Verbose
                                return "Verify failed"
                            }
                        } else {
                            $outerProgress = $BackupCnt / $Backups.Count * 100
                            if ($BackupCnt -eq 1) {
                                Write-Progress -id 1 -Activity "Restoring $Database to $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -percentcomplete 0
                            }
                            Write-Progress -id 2 -ParentId 1 -Activity "Restore $($backup.FullName -Join ',')" -percentcomplete 0
                            $script = $Restore.Script($Server)
                            $percentcomplete = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PercentCompleteEventHandler] {
                                Write-Progress -id 2 -ParentId 1 -Activity "Restore $($backup.FullName -Join ',')" -percentcomplete $_.Percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", $_.Percent))
                            }
                            $Restore.add_PercentComplete($percentcomplete)
                            $Restore.PercentCompleteNotification = 1
                            $Restore.SqlRestore($Server)
                            Write-Progress -id 2 -ParentId 1 -Activity "Restore $($backup.FullName -Join ',')" -Completed
                            Write-Progress -id 1 -Activity "Restoring $Database to $sqlinstance - Backup $BackupCnt of $($Backups.count)" -percentcomplete $outerProgress -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0:N2} %", $outerProgress))
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed, Closing Server connection"
                        $RestoreComplete = $False
                        $ExitError = $_.Exception.InnerException
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to restore db $Database, stopping" -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    } finally {
                        if ($OutputScriptOnly -eq $false) {
                            $pathSep = Get-DbaPathSep -Server $server
                            $RestoreDirectory = ((Split-Path $backup.FileList.PhysicalName -Parent) | Sort-Object -Unique).Replace('\', $pathSep) -Join ','
                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName           = $server.ComputerName
                                InstanceName           = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance            = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Database               = $backup.Database
                                DatabaseName           = $backup.Database
                                DatabaseOwner          = $server.ConnectionContext.TrueLogin
                                Owner                  = $server.ConnectionContext.TrueLogin
                                NoRecovery             = $Restore.NoRecovery
                                WithReplace            = $WithReplace
                                RestoreComplete        = $RestoreComplete
                                BackupFilesCount       = $backup.FullName.Count
                                RestoredFilesCount     = $backup.Filelist.PhysicalName.count
                                BackupSizeMB           = if ([bool]($backup.psobject.Properties.Name -contains 'TotalSize')) { [Math]::Round(($backup | Measure-Object -Property TotalSize -Sum).Sum / 1mb, 2) } else { $null }
                                CompressedBackupSizeMB = if ([bool]($backup.psobject.Properties.Name -contains 'CompressedBackupSize')) { [Math]::Round(($backup | Measure-Object -Property CompressedBackupSize -Sum).Sum / 1mb, 2) } else { $null }
                                BackupFile             = $backup.FullName -Join ','
                                RestoredFile           = $((Split-Path $backup.FileList.PhysicalName -Leaf) | Sort-Object -Unique) -Join ','
                                RestoredFileFull       = ($backup.Filelist.PhysicalName -Join ',')
                                RestoreDirectory       = $RestoreDirectory
                                BackupSize             = if ([bool]($backup.psobject.Properties.Name -contains 'TotalSize')) { [dbasize](($backup | Measure-Object -Property TotalSize -Sum).Sum) } else { $null }
                                CompressedBackupSize   = if ([bool]($backup.psobject.Properties.Name -contains 'CompressedBackupSize')) { [dbasize](($backup | Measure-Object -Property CompressedBackupSize -Sum).Sum) } else { $null }
                                Script                 = $script
                                BackupFileRaw          = ($backups.Fullname)
                                FileRestoreTime        = New-TimeSpan -Seconds ((Get-Date) - $FileRestoreStartTime).TotalSeconds
                                DatabaseRestoreTime    = New-TimeSpan -Seconds ((Get-Date) - $DatabaseRestoreStartTime).TotalSeconds
                                ExitError              = $ExitError
                            } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, BackupFile, BackupFilesCount, BackupSize, CompressedBackupSize, Database, Owner, DatabaseRestoreTime, FileRestoreTime, NoRecovery, RestoreComplete, RestoredFile, RestoredFilesCount, Script, RestoreDirectory, WithReplace
                        } else {
                            $script
                        }
                        if ($Restore.Devices.Count -gt 0) {
                            $Restore.Devices.Clear()
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Succeeded, Closing Server connection"
                        $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
                    }
                }
                $BackupCnt++
            }
            Write-Progress -id 2 -Activity "Finished" -Completed
            if ($server.ConnsectionContext.exists) {
                $server.ConnectionContext.Disconnect()
            }
            Write-Progress -id 1 -Activity "Finished" -Completed
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Invoke-DbaAgFailover {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Failover an availability group.

    .DESCRIPTION
       Failover an availability group.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        Only failover specific availability groups.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Force Failover and allow data loss

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AG, AvailabilityGroup, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaAgFailover

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaAgFailover -SqlInstance sql2017 -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint

        Safely (no potential data loss) fails over the SharePoint AG on sql2017. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2017 | Out-GridView -Passthru | Invoke-DbaAgFailover -Confirm:$false

        Safely (no potential data loss) fails over the selected availability groups on sql2017. Does not prompt for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaAgFailover -SqlInstance sql2017 -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint -Force

        Forcefully (with potential data loss) fails over the SharePoint AG on sql2017. Prompts for confirmation.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance -and -not $AvailabilityGroup) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify at least one availability group when using SqlInstance."
            return
        }

        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup
        }

        foreach ($ag in $InputObject) {
            $server = $ag.Parent
            if ($Force) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Forcefully failing over $($ag.Name), allowing potential data loss")) {
                    $ag.FailoverWithPotentialDataLoss()
                    $ag.Refresh()
                    $ag
                }
            } else {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Gracefully failing over $($ag.Name)")) {
                    $ag.Failover()
                    $ag.Refresh()
                    $ag
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaBalanceDataFiles {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Re-balance data between data files

    .DESCRIPTION
        When you have a large database with a single data file and add another file, SQL Server will only use the new file until it's about the same size.
        You may want to balance the data between all the data files.

        The function will check the server version and edition to see if the it allows for online index rebuilds.
        If the server does support it, it will try to rebuild the index online.
        If the server doesn't support it, it will rebuild the index offline. Be carefull though, this can cause downtime

        The tables must have a clustered index to be able to balance out the data.
        The function does NOT yet support heaps.

        The function will also check if the file groups are subject to balance out.
        A file group whould have at least have 2 data files and should be writable.
        If a table is within such a file group it will be subject for processing. If not the table will be skipped.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process.

    .PARAMETER Table
        The tables(s) of the database to process. If unspecified, all tables will be processed.

    .PARAMETER RebuildOffline
        Will set all the indexes to rebuild offline.
        This option is also needed when the server version is below 2005.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts for confirmation of every step. For example:

        The server does not support online rebuilds of indexes.
        Do you want to rebuild the indexes offline?
        [Y] Yes  [N] No   [?] Help (default is "Y"):

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        This will disable the check for enough disk space for the action to be successful.
        Use this with caution!!

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, FileManagement, File, Space
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaBalanceDataFiles -SqlInstance sql1 -Database db1

        This command will distribute the data in database db1 on instance sql1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaBalanceDataFiles -SqlInstance sql1 -Database db1 | Select-Object -ExpandProperty DataFilesEnd

        This command will distribute the data in database db1 on instance sql1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaBalanceDataFiles -SqlInstance sql1 -Database db1 -Table table1,table2,table5

        This command will distribute the data for only the tables table1,table2 and table5

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaBalanceDataFiles -SqlInstance sql1 -Database db1 -RebuildOffline

        This command will consider the fact that there might be a SQL Server edition that does not support online rebuilds of indexes.
        By supplying this parameter you give permission to do the rebuilds offline if the edition does not support it.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "", Justification = "Singular Noun doesn't make sense")]
    param (
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Pipe", Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [Alias("Tables")]
        [object[]]$Table,
        [switch]$RebuildOffline,
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [switch]$Force
    )

    process {

        Write-Message -Message "Starting balancing out data files" -Level Verbose

        # Set the initial success flag
        [bool]$success = $true

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Check the database parameter
            if ($Database) {
                if ($Database -notin $server.Databases.Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "One or more databases cannot be found on instance on instance $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Database }
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Please supply a database to balance out" -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Get the server version
            $serverVersion = $server.Version.Major

            # Check edition of the sql instance
            if ($RebuildOffline) {
                Write-Message -Message "Continuing with offline rebuild." -Level Verbose
            } elseif (-not $RebuildOffline -and ($serverVersion -lt 9 -or (([string]$Server.Edition -notmatch "Developer") -and ($Server.Edition -notmatch "Enterprise")))) {
                # Set up the confirm part
                $message = "The server does not support online rebuilds of indexes. `nDo you want to rebuild the indexes offline?"
                $choiceYes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Answer Yes."
                $choiceNo = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Answer No."
                $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($choiceYes, $choiceNo)
                $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 0)

                # Check the result from the confirm
                switch ($result) {
                    # If yes
                    0 {
                        # Set the option to generate a full backup
                        Write-Message -Message "Continuing with offline rebuild." -Level Verbose

                        [bool]$supportOnlineRebuild = $false
                    }
                    1 {
                        Stop-Function -Message "You chose to not allow offline rebuilds of indexes. Use -RebuildOffline" -Target $instance
                        return
                    }
                } # switch
            } elseif ($serverVersion -ge 9 -and (([string]$Server.Edition -like "Developer*") -or ($Server.Edition -like "Enterprise*"))) {
                [bool]$supportOnlineRebuild = $true
            }

            # Loop through each of the databases
            foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
                $dataFilesStarting = Get-DbaDbFile -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name | Where-Object { $_.TypeDescription -eq 'ROWS' } | Select-Object ID, LogicalName, PhysicalName, Size, UsedSpace, AvailableSpace | Sort-Object ID

                if (-not $Force) {
                    # Check the amount of disk space available
                    $query = "SELECT SUBSTRING(physical_name, 0, 4) AS 'Drive' ,
                                        SUM(( size * 8 ) / 1024) AS 'SizeMB'
                                FROM	sys.master_files
                                WHERE	DB_NAME(database_id) = '$($db.Name)'
                                GROUP BY SUBSTRING(physical_name, 0, 4)"
                    # Execute the query
                    $dbDiskUsage = $Server.Query($query)

                    # Get the free space for each drive
                    $result = $Server.Query("xp_fixeddrives")
                    $MbFreeColName = $result[0].psobject.Properties.Name[1]
                    $diskFreeSpace = $result | Select-Object Drive, @{ Name = 'FreeMB'; Expression = { $_.$MbFreeColName } }

                    # Loop through each of the drives to see if the size of files on that
                    # particular disk do not exceed the free space of that disk
                    foreach ($d in $dbDiskUsage) {
                        $freeSpace = $diskFreeSpace | Where-Object { $_.Drive -eq $d.Drive.Trim(':\') } | Select-Object FreeMB
                        if ($d.SizeMB -gt $freeSpace.FreeMB) {
                            # Set the success flag
                            $success = $false

                            Stop-Function -Message "The available space may not be sufficient to continue the process. Please use -Force to try anyway." -Target $instance -Continue
                            return
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Create the start time
                $start = Get-Date

                # Check if the function needs to continue
                if ($success) {

                    # Get the database files before all the alterations
                    Write-Message -Message "Retrieving data files before data move" -Level Verbose
                    Write-Message -Message "Processing database $db" -Level Verbose

                    # Check the datafiles of the database
                    $dataFiles = Get-DbaDbFile -SqlInstance $instance -Database $db | Where-Object { $_.TypeDescription -eq 'ROWS' }
                    if ($dataFiles.Count -eq 1) {
                        # Set the success flag
                        $success = $false

                        Stop-Function -Message "Database $db only has one data file. Please add a data file to balance out the data" -Target $instance -Continue
                    }

                    # Check the tables parameter
                    if ($Table) {
                        if ($Table -notin $db.Table) {
                            # Set the success flag
                            $success = $false

                            Stop-Function -Message "One or more tables cannot be found in database $db on instance $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                        }

                        $TableCollection = $db.Tables | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Table }
                    } else {
                        $TableCollection = $db.Tables
                    }

                    # Get the database file groups and check the aount of data files
                    Write-Message -Message "Retrieving file groups" -Level Verbose
                    $fileGroups = $Server.Databases[$db.Name].FileGroups

                    # ARray to hold the file groups with properties
                    $balanceableTables = @()

                    # Loop through each of the file groups

                    foreach ($fg in $fileGroups) {

                        # If there is less than 2 files balancing out data is not possible
                        if (($fg.Files.Count -ge 2) -and ($fg.Readonly -eq $false)) {
                            $balanceableTables += $fg.EnumObjects() | Where-Object { $_.GetType().Name -eq 'Table' }
                        }
                    }

                    $unsuccessfulTables = @()

                    # Loop through each of the tables
                    foreach ($tbl in $TableCollection) {

                        # Chck if the table balanceable
                        if ($tbl.Name -in $balanceableTables.Name) {

                            Write-Message -Message "Processing table $tbl" -Level Verbose

                            # Chck the tables and get the clustered indexes
                            if ($TableCollection.Indexes.Count -lt 1) {
                                # Set the success flag
                                $success = $false

                                Stop-Function -Message "Table $tbl does not contain any indexes" -Target $instance -Continue
                            } else {

                                # Get all the clustered indexes for the table
                                $clusteredIndexes = $TableCollection.Indexes | Where-Object { $_.IndexType -eq 'ClusteredIndex' }

                                if ($clusteredIndexes.Count -lt 1) {
                                    # Set the success flag
                                    $success = $false

                                    Stop-Function -Message "No clustered indexes found in table $tbl" -Target $instance -Continue
                                }
                            }

                            # Loop through each of the clustered indexes and rebuild them
                            Write-Message -Message "$($clusteredIndexes.Count) clustered index(es) found for table $tbl" -Level Verbose
                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Rebuilding indexes to balance data")) {
                                foreach ($ci in $clusteredIndexes) {

                                    Write-Message -Message "Rebuilding index $($ci.Name)" -Level Verbose

                                    # Get the original index operation
                                    [bool]$originalIndexOperation = $ci.OnlineIndexOperation

                                    # Set the rebuild option to be either offline or online
                                    if ($RebuildOffline) {
                                        $ci.OnlineIndexOperation = $false
                                    } elseif ($serverVersion -ge 9 -and $supportOnlineRebuild -and -not $RebuildOffline) {
                                        Write-Message -Message "Setting the index operation for index $($ci.Name) to online" -Level Verbose
                                        $ci.OnlineIndexOperation = $true
                                    }

                                    # Rebuild the index
                                    try {
                                        Write-Message -Message "Rebuilding index $($ci.Name)" -Level Verbose
                                        $ci.Rebuild()

                                        # Set the success flag
                                        $success = $true
                                    } catch {
                                        # Set the original index operation back for the index
                                        $ci.OnlineIndexOperation = $originalIndexOperation

                                        # Set the success flag
                                        $success = $false

                                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong rebuilding index $($ci.Name). `n$($_.Exception.Message)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                                    }

                                    # Set the original index operation back for the index
                                    Write-Message -Message "Setting the index operation for index $($ci.Name) back to the original value" -Level Verbose
                                    $ci.OnlineIndexOperation = $originalIndexOperation

                                } # foreach index

                            } # if process

                        } # if table is balanceable
                        else {
                            # Add the table to the unsuccessful array
                            $unsuccessfulTables += $tbl.Name

                            # Set the success flag
                            $success = $false

                            Write-Message -Message "Table $tbl cannot be balanced out" -Level Verbose
                        }

                    } #foreach table
                }

                # Create the end time
                $end = Get-Date

                # Create the time span
                $timespan = New-TimeSpan -Start $start -End $end
                $ts = [timespan]::fromseconds($timespan.TotalSeconds)
                $elapsed = "{0:HH:mm:ss}" -f ([datetime]$ts.Ticks)

                # Get the database files after all the alterations
                Write-Message -Message "Retrieving data files after data move" -Level Verbose
                $dataFilesEnding = Get-DbaDbFile -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name | Where-Object { $_.TypeDescription -eq 'ROWS' } | Select-Object ID, LogicalName, PhysicalName, Size, UsedSpace, AvailableSpace | Sort-Object ID

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database       = $db.Name
                    Start          = $start
                    End            = $end
                    Elapsed        = $elapsed
                    Success        = $success
                    Unsuccessful   = $unsuccessfulTables -join ","
                    DataFilesStart = $dataFilesStarting
                    DataFilesEnd   = $dataFilesEnding
                }

            } # foreach database

        } # end process
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaCycleErrorLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Cycles the current instance or agent log.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Cycles the current error log for the instance (SQL Server) and/or SQL Server Agent.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Type
        The log to cycle.
        Accepts: instance or agent.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Log, Cycle
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton), https://wsmelton.github.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaCycleLog

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaCycleLog -SqlInstance sql2016 -Type agent

        Cycles the current error log for the SQL Server Agent on SQL Server instance sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaCycleLog -SqlInstance sql2016 -Type instance

        Cycles the current error log for the SQL Server instance on SQL Server instance sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaCycleLog -SqlInstance sql2016

        Cycles the current error log for both SQL Server instance and SQL Server Agent on SQL Server instance sql2016

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('instance', 'agent')]
        [string]$Type,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if (Test-Bound 'Type') {
            if ($Type -notin 'instance', 'agent') {
                Stop-Function -Message "The type provided [$Type] for $SqlInstance is not an accepted value. Please use 'Instance' or 'Agent'"
                return
            }
        }
        $logToCycle = @()
        switch ($Type) {
            'agent' {
                $sql = "EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_cycle_agent_errorlog;"
                $logToCycle = $Type
            }
            'instance' {
                $sql = "EXEC master.dbo.sp_cycle_errorlog;"
                $logToCycle = $Type
            }
            default {
                $sql = "
                    EXEC master.dbo.sp_cycle_errorlog;
                    EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_cycle_agent_errorlog;"
                $logToCycle = 'instance', 'agent'
            }
        }

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $logs = $logToCycle -join ','
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Cycle the log(s): $logs")) {
                    $null = $server.Query($sql)
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        LogType      = $logToCycle
                        IsSuccessful = $true
                        Notes        = $null
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    LogType      = $logToCycle
                    IsSuccessful = $false
                    Notes        = $_.Exception
                }
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue cycling $logs on $server" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDbccFreeCache {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Execution of Database Console Commands that clear Server level Memory caches

    .DESCRIPTION
        Allows execution of Database Console Commands that act at Server Level to clear Memory caches

        Allows execution of the following commands
            DBCC FREEPROCCACHE
            DBCC FREESESSIONCACHE
            DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE

        Read more:
            - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/database-console-commands/dbcc-freeproccache-transact-sql
            - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/database-console-commands/dbcc-freesessioncache-transact-sql
            - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/database-console-commands/dbcc-freesystemcache-transact-sql

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Operation
        DBCC Operation to Perform - Supports specific set of operations

    .PARAMETER InputValue
        Value used for Operation - meaning depends on Operation
        DBCC FREEPROCCACHE accepts
            a plan_handle of type varbinary(64)
            a sql_handle of type varbinary(64)
            or the name of a Resource Governor resource pool of type sysname
            If blank then clears all elements from the plan cache
        DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE accepts
            'ALL' for ALL specifies all supported caches
            or name of a Resource Governor pool cache
        Not required for other values

    .PARAMETER NoInformationalMessages
        Suppresses all informational messages.

    .PARAMETER MarkInUseForRemoval
        Used when Operation = DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE
        Asynchronously frees currently used entries from their respective caches after they become unused

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DBCC
        Author: Patrick Flynn (@sqllensman)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDbccFreeCache

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbccFreeCache -SqlInstance SqlServer2017 -Operation FREEPROCCACHE

        Runs the command DBCC FREEPROCCACHE against the instance SqlServer2017 using Windows Authentication

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbccFreeCache -SqlInstance SqlServer2017 -Operation FREESESSIONCACHE -NoInformationalMessages

        Runs the command DBCC FREESESSIONCACHE WITH NO_INFOMSGS against the instance SqlServer2017 using Windows Authentication

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbccFreeCache -SqlInstance SqlServer2017 -Operation FREESYSTEMCACHE -NoInformationalMessages

        Runs the command DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE WITH NO_INFOMSGS against the instance SqlServer2017 using Windows Authentication

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbccFreeCache -SqlInstance SqlServer2017 -Operation FREEPROCCACHE -InputValue 0x060006001ECA270EC0215D05000000000000000000000000

        Remove a specific plan with plan_handle 0x060006001ECA270EC0215D05000000000000000000000000 from the cache via the command DBCC FREEPROCCACHE(0x060006001ECA270EC0215D05000000000000000000000000) against the instance SqlServer2017 using Windows Authentication

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbccFreeCache -SqlInstance SqlServer2017 -Operation FREEPROCCACHE -InputValue default

        Runs the command DBCC FREEPROCCACHE('default') against the instance SqlServer2017 using Windows Authentication. This clears all cache entries associated with a resource pool 'default'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbccFreeCache -SqlInstance SqlServer2017 -Operation FREESYSTEMCACHE -InputValue default

        Runs the command DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE ('ALL', default) against the instance SqlServer2017 using Windows Authentication. This will clean all the caches with entries specific to the resource pool named "default".

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbccFreeCache -SqlInstance SqlServer2017 -Operation FREESYSTEMCACHE -InputValue default -MarkInUseForRemoval

        Runs the command DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE ('ALL', default) WITH MARK_IN_USE_FOR_REMOVAL against the instance SqlServer2017 using Windows Authentication. This will to release entries once the entries become unused for all the caches with entries specific to the resource pool named "default".

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('FreeProcCache', 'FreeSessionCache', 'FreeSystemCache')]
        [string]$Operation = "FreeProcCache",
        [string]$InputValue,
        [switch]$NoInformationalMessages,
        [switch]$MarkInUseForRemoval,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Operation) {
            $Operation = $Operation.ToUpper()
        } else {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must specify an operation "
            continue
        }

        $stringBuilder = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder
        if ($Operation -eq 'FREESESSIONCACHE') {
            $null = $stringBuilder.Append("DBCC $Operation")
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName NoInformationalMessages) {
                $null = $stringBuilder.Append(" WITH NO_INFOMSGS")
            }
        }
        if ($Operation -eq 'FREEPROCCACHE') {
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName InputValue) {
                if ($InputValue.StartsWith('0x')) {
                    $null = $stringBuilder.Append("DBCC $Operation($InputValue)")
                } else {
                    $null = $stringBuilder.Append("DBCC $Operation('$InputValue')")
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName NoInformationalMessages) {
                    $null = $stringBuilder.Append(" WITH NO_INFOMSGS")
                }
            } else {
                $null = $stringBuilder.Append("DBCC $Operation")
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName NoInformationalMessages) {
                    $null = $stringBuilder.Append(" WITH NO_INFOMSGS")
                }
            }
        }
        if ($Operation -eq 'FREESYSTEMCACHE') {
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName InputValue) {
                $null = $stringBuilder.Append("DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE('ALL', $InputValue)")
            } else {
                $null = $stringBuilder.Append("DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE('ALL')")
            }
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName NoInformationalMessages) {
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName MarkInUseForRemoval) {
                    $null = $stringBuilder.Append(" WITH NO_INFOMSGS, MARK_IN_USE_FOR_REMOVAL")
                } else {
                    $null = $stringBuilder.Append(" WITH NO_INFOMSGS")
                }
            } elseif (Test-Bound -ParameterName MarkInUseForRemoval) {
                $null = $stringBuilder.Append(" WITH MARK_IN_USE_FOR_REMOVAL")
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        $query = $StringBuilder.ToString()

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Message "Attempting Connection to $instance" -Level Verbose
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Execute the command $query against $instance")) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Query to run: $query" -Level Verbose
                    $results = $server | Invoke-DbaQuery  -Query $query -MessagesToOutput
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }
            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Outputting object")) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Operation    = $Operation
                    Cmd          = $query.ToString()
                    Output       = $results
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDbClone {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Clones a database schema and statistics

    .DESCRIPTION
        Clones a database schema and statistics.

        This can be useful for testing query performance without requiring all the space needed for the data in the database.

        Read more:
            - https://sqlperformance.com/2016/08/sql-statistics/expanding-dbcc-clonedatabase
            - https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/3177838/how-to-use-dbcc-clonedatabase-to-generate-a-schema-and-statistics-only

        Thanks to Microsoft Tiger Team for the code and idea https://github.com/Microsoft/tigertoolbox/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database to clone - this list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER CloneDatabase
        The name(s) to clone to.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeStatistics
        Exclude the statistics in the cloned database

    .PARAMETER ExcludeQueryStore
        Exclude the QueryStore data in the cloned database

    .PARAMETER UpdateStatistics
        Update the statistics prior to cloning (per Microsoft Tiger Team formula)

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.
    
    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Statistics, Performance, Clone
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDbClone

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbClone -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database mydb -CloneDatabase myclone

        Clones mydb to myclone on sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database mydb | Invoke-DbaDbClone -CloneDatabase myclone, myclone2 -UpdateStatistics

        Updates the statistics of mydb then clones to myclone and myclone2
        
#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Medium')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [string[]]$CloneDatabase,
        [switch]$ExcludeStatistics,
        [switch]$ExcludeQueryStore,
        [switch]$UpdateStatistics,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if (-not $Database -and $SqlInstance) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a database name if you did not pipe a database"
        }

        $sqlStats = "DECLARE @out TABLE(id INT IDENTITY(1,1), s SYSNAME, o SYSNAME, i SYSNAME, stats_stream VARBINARY(MAX), rows BIGINT, pages BIGINT)
            DECLARE @dbcc TABLE(stats_stream VARBINARY(MAX), rows BIGINT, pages BIGINT)
            DECLARE c CURSOR FOR
                    SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(object_id) s, OBJECT_NAME(object_id) o, name i
                    FROM sys.indexes
                    WHERE type_desc IN ('CLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE', 'NONCLUSTERED COLUMNSTORE')
            DECLARE @s SYSNAME, @o SYSNAME, @i SYSNAME
            OPEN c
            FETCH NEXT FROM c INTO @s, @o, @i
            WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
            BEGIN
                DECLARE @showStats NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS(""' + QUOTENAME(@s) + '.' + QUOTENAME(@o) + '"", ' + QUOTENAME(@i) + ') WITH stats_stream'
                INSERT @dbcc EXEC sp_executesql @showStats
                INSERT @out SELECT @s, @o, @i, stats_stream, rows, pages FROM @dbcc
                DELETE @dbcc
                FETCH NEXT FROM c INTO @s, @o, @i
            END
            CLOSE c
            DEALLOCATE c

            DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX);
            DECLARE @id INT;
            SELECT TOP 1 @id=id,@sql=
            'UPDATE STATISTICS ' + QUOTENAME(s) + '.' + QUOTENAME(o)  + '(' + QUOTENAME(i)
            + ') WITH stats_stream = ' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), stats_stream, 1)
            + ', rowcount = ' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), rows) + ', pagecount = '  + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), pages)
            FROM @out

            WHILE (@@ROWCOUNT <> 0)
            BEGIN
                EXEC sp_executesql @sql
                DELETE @out WHERE id = @id
                SELECT TOP 1 @id=id,@sql=
                'UPDATE STATISTICS ' + QUOTENAME(s) + '.' + QUOTENAME(o)  + '(' + QUOTENAME(i)
                + ') WITH stats_stream = ' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), stats_stream, 1)
                + ', rowcount = ' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), rows) + ', pagecount = '  + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), pages)
                FROM @out
            END
        "

        $noStats = "NO_STATISTICS"
        $noQueryStore = "NO_QUERYSTORE"
        if ( (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'ExcludeStatistics') -or (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'ExcludeQueryStore') ) {
            $sqlWith = ""
            if ($ExcludeStatistics) {
                $sqlWith = "WITH $noStats"
            }
            if ($ExcludeQueryStore) {
                $sqlWith = "WITH $noQueryStore"
            }
            if ($ExcludeStatistics -and $ExcludeQueryStore) {
                $sqlWith = "WITH $noStats,$noQueryStore"
            }
        }
        
        $sql2012min = [version]"11.0.7001.0" # SQL 2012 SP4
        $sql2014min = [version]"12.0.5000.0" # SQL 2014 SP2
        $sql2014CuMin = [version]"12.0.5538" # SQL 2014 SP2 + CU3
        $sql2016min = [version]"13.0.4001.0" # SQL 2016 SP1
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }
        
        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            $server = $db.Parent

            if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 11 -and $server.Version -lt $sql2012min) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported version for $instance. SQL Server 2012 SP4 and above required." -Target $server -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 12 -and $server.Version -lt $sql2014min) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported version for $instance. SQL Server 2014 SP2 and above required." -Target $server -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 13 -and $server.Version -lt $sql2016min) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported version for $instance. SQL Server 2016 SP1 and above required." -Target $server -Continue
            }

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'ExcludeStatistics') {
                if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 12 -and $server.Version -lt $sql2014CuMin) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported version for $instance. SQL Server 2014 SP1 + CU3 and above required." -Target $server -Continue
                }
                if ($server.VersionMajor -eq 13 -and $server.Version -lt $sql2016min) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported version for $instance. SQL Server 2016 SP1 and above required." -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'ExcludeQueryStore') {
                if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 13 - ($server.VersionMajor -eq 13 -and $server.Version -lt $sql2016min)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported version for $instance. SQL Server 2016 SP1 and above required." -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($db.IsSystemObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Only user databases are supported" -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ( (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'UpdateStatistics') -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'ExcludeStatistics' -Not) ) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Update statistics in $($db.Name)")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating statistics"
                        $null = $db.Query($sqlStats)
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            $dbName = $db.Name

            foreach ($clonedb in $CloneDatabase) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Cloning $clonedb from $db"
                if ($server.Databases[$clonedb]) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Destination clone database $clonedb already exists" -Target $instance -Continue
                } else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Execute DBCC CloneDatabase($dbName, $clonedb)")) {
                        try {
                            $sql = "DBCC CLONEDATABASE('$dbName','$clonedb') $sqlWith"
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Sql Statement: $sql"
                            $null = $db.Query($sql)
                            Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -Database $clonedb
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Invoke-DbaDatabaseClone
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDbDecryptObject {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Invoke-DbaDbDecryptObject returns the decrypted version of an object

    .DESCRIPTION
        When a procedure or a function is created with encryption and you lost the code you're in trouble.
        You cannot alter the object or view the definition.
        With this command you can search for the object and decrypt the it.

        The command will output the results to the console.
        There is an option to export all the results to a folder creating .sql files.

        Make sure the instance allowed dedicated administrator connections (DAC).
        The binary versions of the objects can only be retrieved using a DAC connection.
        You can check the DAC connection with:
        'Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance [yourinstance] -ConfigName RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled'
        It should say 1 in the ConfiguredValue.

        To change the configurations you can use the Set-DbaSpConfigure command:
        'Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance [yourinstance] -ConfigName RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled -Value 1'
        In some cases you may need to reboot the instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Database to look through for the object.

    .PARAMETER ObjectName
        The name of the object to search for in the database.

    .PARAMETER EncodingType
        The encoding that's used to decrypt and encrypt values.

    .PARAMETER ExportDestination
        Used for exporting the results to.
        The destiation will use the instance name, database name and object type i.e.: C:\temp\decrypt\SQLDB1\DB1\StoredProcedure

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Encryption, Decrypt, Database
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDbDecryptObject

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbDecryptObject -SqlInstance SQLDB1 -Database DB1 -ObjectName Function1

        Decrypt object "Function1" in DB1 of instance SQLDB1 and output the data to the user.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbDecryptObject -SqlInstance SQLDB1 -Database DB1 -ObjectName Function1 -ExportDestination C:\temp\decrypt

        Decrypt object "Function1" in DB1 of instance SQLDB1 and output the data to the folder "C:\temp\decrypt".

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbDecryptObject -SqlInstance SQLDB1 -Database DB1 -ExportDestination C:\temp\decrypt

        Decrypt all objects in DB1 of instance SQLDB1 and output the data to the folder "C:\temp\decrypt"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbDecryptObject -SqlInstance SQLDB1 -Database DB1 -ObjectName Function1, Function2

        Decrypt objects "Function1" and "Function2" and output the data to the user.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> "SQLDB1" | Invoke-DbaDbDecryptObject -Database DB1 -ObjectName Function1, Function2

        Decrypt objects "Function1" and "Function2" and output the data to the user using a pipeline for the instance.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ObjectName,
        [ValidateSet('ASCII', 'UTF8')]
        [string]$EncodingType = 'ASCII',
        [string]$ExportDestination,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        function Invoke-DecryptData() {
            param(
                [parameter(Mandatory)]
                [byte[]]$Secret,
                [parameter(Mandatory)]
                [byte[]]$KnownPlain,
                [parameter(Mandatory)]
                [byte[]]$KnownSecret
            )

            # Declare pointers
            [int]$i = 0

            # Loop through each of the characters and apply an XOR to decrypt the data
            $result = $(

                # Loop through the byte string
                while ($i -lt $Secret.Length) {

                    # Compare the byte string character to the key character using XOR
                    if ($i -lt $Secret.Length) {
                        $Secret[$i] -bxor $KnownPlain[$i] -bxor $KnownSecret[$i]
                    }

                    # Increment the byte string indicator
                    $i += 2

                } # end while loop

            ) # end data value

            # Get the string value from the data
            $decryptedData = $Encoding.GetString($result)

            # Return the decrypted data
            return $decryptedData
        }

        # Create array list to hold the results
        $objectCollection = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList

        # Set the encoding
        if ($EncodingType -eq 'ASCII') {
            $encoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII
        } elseif ($EncodingType -eq 'UTF8') {
            $encoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8
        }

        # Check the export parameter
        if ($ExportDestination -and -not (Test-Path $ExportDestination)) {
            try {
                # Create the new destination
                New-Item -Path $ExportDestination -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't create destination folder $ExportDestination" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }

    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        # Loop through all the instances
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            # Check the configuration of the intance to see if the DAC is enabled
            $config = Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $instance -ConfigName RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled
            if ($config.ConfiguredValue -ne 1) {
                Stop-Function -Message "DAC is not enabled for instance $instance.`nPlease use 'Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $instance -ConfigName RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled -Value 1' to configure the instance to allow DAC connections" -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Try to connect to instance
            try {
                $server = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server "ADMIN:$instance"
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Get all the databases that compare to the database parameter
            $databaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object {$_.Name -in $Database}

            # Loop through each of databases
            foreach ($db in $databaseCollection) {
                # Get the objects
                if ($ObjectName) {
                    $storedProcedures = @($db.StoredProcedures | Where-Object {$_.Name -in $ObjectName -and $_.IsEncrypted -eq $true} | Select-Object Name, Schema, @{N = "ObjectType"; E = {'StoredProcedure'}}, @{N = "SubType"; E = {''}})
                    $functions = @($db.UserDefinedFunctions | Where-Object {$_.Name -in $ObjectName -and $_.IsEncrypted -eq $true} | Select-Object Name, Schema, @{N = "ObjectType"; E = {"UserDefinedFunction"}}, @{N = "SubType"; E = {$_.FunctionType.ToString().Trim()}})
                    $views = @($db.Views | Where-Object {$_.Name -in $ObjectName -and $_.IsEncrypted -eq $true} | Select-Object Name, Schema, @{N = "ObjectType"; E = {'View'}}, @{N = "SubType"; E = {''}})
                } else {
                    # Get all encrypted objects
                    $storedProcedures = @($db.StoredProcedures | Where-Object {$_.IsEncrypted -eq $true} | Select-Object Name, Schema, @{N = "ObjectType"; E = {'StoredProcedure'}}, @{N = "SubType"; E = {''}})
                    $functions = @($db.UserDefinedFunctions | Where-Object {$_.IsEncrypted -eq $true} | Select-Object Name, Schema, @{N = "ObjectType"; E = {"UserDefinedFunction"}}, @{N = "SubType"; E = {$_.FunctionType.ToString().Trim()}})
                    $views = @($db.Views | Where-Object {$_.IsEncrypted -eq $true} | Select-Object Name, Schema, @{N = "ObjectType"; E = {'View'}}, @{N = "SubType"; E = {''}})
                }

                <# Get all the objects
                $storedProcedures = @($db.StoredProcedures | Where-Object {$_.Name -in $ObjectName -and $_.IsEncrypted -eq $true} | Select-Object Name, Schema, @{N = "ObjectType"; E = {'StoredProcedure'}}, @{N = "SubType"; E = {''}})
                $functions = @($db.UserDefinedFunctions | Where-Object {$_.Name -in $ObjectName -and $_.IsEncrypted -eq $true} | Select-Object Name, Schema, @{N = "ObjectType"; E = {"UserDefinedFunction"}}, @{N = "SubType"; E = {$_.FunctionType.ToString().Trim()}})
                $views = @($db.Views | Where-Object {$_.Name -in $ObjectName -and $_.IsEncrypted -eq $true} | Select-Object Name, Schema, @{N = "ObjectType"; E = {'View'}}, @{N = "SubType"; E = {''}})
                #>

                # Check if there are any objects
                if ($storedProcedures.Count -ge 1) {
                    $objectCollection += $storedProcedures
                }
                if ($functions.Count -ge 1) {
                    $objectCollection += $functions
                }
                if ($views.Count -ge 1) {
                    $objectCollection += $views
                }

                # Loop through all the objects
                foreach ($object in $objectCollection) {

                    # Setup the query to get the secret
                    $querySecret = "SELECT imageval AS Value FROM sys.sysobjvalues WHERE objid = OBJECT_ID('$($object.Name)')"

                    # Get the result of the secret query
                    try {
                        $secret = $server.Databases[$db.Name].Query($querySecret)
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't retrieve secret from $instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }

                    # Check if at least a value came back
                    if ($secret) {

                        # Setup a known plain command and get the binary version of it
                        switch ($object.ObjectType) {

                            'StoredProcedure' {
                                $queryKnownPlain = (" " * $secret.Value.Length) + "ALTER PROCEDURE $($object.Schema).$($object.Name) WITH ENCRYPTION AS RETURN 0;"
                            }
                            'UserDefinedFunction' {

                                switch ($object.SubType) {
                                    'Inline' {
                                        $queryKnownPlain = (" " * $secret.value.length) + "ALTER FUNCTION $($object.Schema).$($object.Name)() RETURNS TABLE WITH ENCRYPTION AS BEGIN RETURN SELECT 0 i END;"
                                    }
                                    'Scalar' {
                                        $queryKnownPlain = (" " * $secret.value.length) + "ALTER FUNCTION $($object.Schema).$($object.Name)() RETURNS INT WITH ENCRYPTION AS BEGIN RETURN 0 END;"
                                    }
                                    'Table' {
                                        $queryKnownPlain = (" " * $secret.value.length) + "ALTER FUNCTION $($object.Schema).$($object.Name)() RETURNS @r TABLE(i INT) WITH ENCRYPTION AS BEGIN RETURN END;"
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            'View' {
                                $queryKnownPlain = (" " * $secret.Value.Length) + "ALTER VIEW $($object.Schema).$($object.Name) WITH ENCRYPTION AS SELECT NULL AS [Value];"
                            }
                        }

                        # Convert the known plain into binary
                        if ($queryKnownPlain) {
                            try {
                                $knownPlain = $encoding.GetBytes(($queryKnownPlain))
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't convert the known plain to binary" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                            }
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong setting up the known plain" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                        }

                        # Setup the query to change the object in SQL Server and roll it back getting the encrypted version
                        $queryKnownSecret = "
                            BEGIN TRANSACTION;
                                EXEC ('$queryKnownPlain');
                                SELECT imageval AS Value
                                FROM sys.sysobjvalues
                                WHERE objid = OBJECT_ID('$($object.Name)');
                            ROLLBACK;
                        "

                        # Get the result for the known encrypted
                        try {
                            $knownSecret = $server.Databases[$db.Name].Query($queryKnownSecret)
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't retrieve known secret from $instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                        }

                        # Get the result
                        $result = Invoke-DecryptData -Secret $secret.value -KnownPlain $knownPlain -KnownSecret $knownSecret.value

                        # Check if the results need to be exported
                        if ($ExportDestination) {
                            # make up the file name
                            $filename = "$($object.Schema).$($object.Name).sql"

                            # Check the export destination
                            if ($ExportDestination.EndsWith("\")) {
                                $destinationFolder = "$ExportDestination$instance\$($db.Name)\$($object.ObjectType)\"
                            } else {
                                $destinationFolder = "$ExportDestination\$instance\$($db.Name)\$($object.ObjectType)\"
                            }

                            # Check if the destination folder exists
                            if (-not (Test-Path $destinationFolder)) {
                                try {
                                    # Create the new destination
                                    New-Item -Path $destinationFolder -ItemType Directory -Force:$Force | Out-Null
                                } catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't create destination folder $destinationFolder" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                                }
                            }

                            # Combine the destination folder and the file name to get the path
                            $filePath = $destinationFolder + $filename

                            # Export the result
                            try {
                                $result | Out-File -FilePath $filePath -Force
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't export the results of $($object.Name) to $filePath" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                            }

                        }

                        # Add the results to the custom object
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $db.Name
                            Type         = $object.ObjectType
                            Schema       = $object.Schema
                            Name         = $object.Name
                            FullName     = "$($object.Schema).$($object.Name)"
                            Script       = $result
                        }

                    } # end if secret

                } # end for each object

            } # end for each database

        } # end for each instance

    } # process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        Write-Message -Message "Finished decrypting data" -Level Verbose
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDbLogShipping {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Invoke-DbaDbLogShipping sets up log shipping for one or more databases

    .DESCRIPTION
        Invoke-DbaDbLogShipping helps to easily set up log shipping for one or more databases.

        This function will make a lot of decisions for you assuming you want default values like a daily interval for the schedules with a 15 minute interval on the day.
        There are some settings that cannot be made by the function and they need to be prepared before the function is executed.

        The following settings need to be made before log shipping can be initiated:
        - Backup destination (the folder and the privileges)
        - Copy destination (the folder and the privileges)

        * Privileges
        Make sure your agent service on both the primary and the secondary instance is an Active Directory account.
        Also have the credentials ready to set the folder permissions

        ** Network share
        The backup destination needs to be shared and have the share privileges of FULL CONTROL to Everyone.

        ** NTFS permissions
        The backup destination must have at least read/write permissions for the primary instance agent account.
        The backup destination must have at least read permissions for the secondary instance agent account.
        The copy destination must have at least read/write permission for the secondary instance agent acount.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlInstance
        Source SQL Server instance which contains the databases to be log shipped.
        You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlInstance
        Destination SQL Server instance which contains the databases to be log shipped.
        You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER SourceCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER DestinationCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Database to set up log shipping for.

    .PARAMETER BackupNetworkPath
        The backup unc path to place the backup files. This is the root directory.
        A directory with the name of the database will be created in this path.

    .PARAMETER BackupLocalPath
        If the backup path is locally for the source server you can also set this value.

    .PARAMETER BackupJob
        Name of the backup that will be created in the SQL Server agent.
        The parameter works as a prefix where the name of the database will be added to the backup job name.
        The default is "LSBackup_[databasename]"

    .PARAMETER BackupRetention
        The backup retention period in minutes. Default is 4320 / 72 hours

    .PARAMETER BackupSchedule
        Name of the backup schedule created for the backup job.
        The parameter works as a prefix where the name of the database will be added to the backup job schedule name.
        Default is "LSBackupSchedule_[databasename]"

    .PARAMETER BackupScheduleDisabled
        Parameter to set the backup schedule to disabled upon creation.
        By default the schedule is enabled.

    .PARAMETER BackupScheduleFrequencyType
        A value indicating when a job is to be executed.
        Allowed values are "Daily", "AgentStart", "IdleComputer"

    .PARAMETER BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval
        The number of type periods to occur between each execution of the backup job.

    .PARAMETER BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType
        Specifies the units for the sub-day FrequencyInterval.
        Allowed values are "Time", "Seconds", "Minutes", "Hours"

    .PARAMETER BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval
        The number of sub-day type periods to occur between each execution of the backup job.

    .PARAMETER BackupScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval
        A job's occurrence of FrequencyInterval in each month, if FrequencyInterval is 32 (monthlyrelative).

    .PARAMETER BackupScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor
        The number of weeks or months between the scheduled execution of a job. FrequencyRecurrenceFactor is used only if FrequencyType is 8, "Weekly", 16, "Monthly", 32 or "MonthlyRelative".

    .PARAMETER BackupScheduleStartDate
        The date on which execution of a job can begin.

    .PARAMETER BackupScheduleEndDate
        The date on which execution of a job can stop.

    .PARAMETER BackupScheduleStartTime
        The time on any day to begin execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
        Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
        Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.

    .PARAMETER BackupScheduleEndTime
        The time on any day to end execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
        Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
        Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.

    .PARAMETER BackupThreshold
        Is the length of time, in minutes, after the last backup before a threshold alert error is raised.
        The default is 60.

    .PARAMETER CompressBackup
        Do the backups need to be compressed. By default the backups are not compressed.

    .PARAMETER CopyDestinationFolder
        The path to copy the transaction log backup files to. This is the root directory.
        A directory with the name of the database will be created in this path.

    .PARAMETER CopyJob
        Name of the copy job that will be created in the SQL Server agent.
        The parameter works as a prefix where the name of the database will be added to the copy job name.
        The default is "LSBackup_[databasename]"

    .PARAMETER CopyRetention
        The copy retention period in minutes. Default is 4320 / 72 hours

    .PARAMETER CopySchedule
        Name of the backup schedule created for the copy job.
        The parameter works as a prefix where the name of the database will be added to the copy job schedule name.
        Default is "LSCopy_[DestinationServerName]_[DatabaseName]"

    .PARAMETER CopyScheduleDisabled
        Parameter to set the copy schedule to disabled upon creation.
        By default the schedule is enabled.

    .PARAMETER CopyScheduleFrequencyType
        A value indicating when a job is to be executed.
        Allowed values are "Daily", "AgentStart", "IdleComputer"

    .PARAMETER CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval
        The number of type periods to occur between each execution of the copy job.

    .PARAMETER CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType
        Specifies the units for the subday FrequencyInterval.
        Allowed values are "Time", "Seconds", "Minutes", "Hours"

    .PARAMETER CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval
        The number of subday type periods to occur between each execution of the copy job.

    .PARAMETER CopyScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval
        A job's occurrence of FrequencyInterval in each month, if FrequencyInterval is 32 (monthlyrelative).

    .PARAMETER CopyScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor
        The number of weeks or months between the scheduled execution of a job. FrequencyRecurrenceFactor is used only if FrequencyType is 8, "Weekly", 16, "Monthly", 32 or "MonthlyRelative".

    .PARAMETER CopyScheduleStartDate
        The date on which execution of a job can begin.

    .PARAMETER CopyScheduleEndDate
        The date on which execution of a job can stop.

    .PARAMETER CopyScheduleStartTime
        The time on any day to begin execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
        Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
        Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.

    .PARAMETER CopyScheduleEndTime
        The time on any day to end execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
        Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
        Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.

    .PARAMETER DisconnectUsers
        If this parameter is set in combinations of standby the users will be disconnected during restore.

    .PARAMETER FullBackupPath
        Path to an existing full backup. Use this when an existing backup needs to used to initialize the database on the secondary instance.

    .PARAMETER GenerateFullBackup
        If the database is not initialized on the secondary instance it can be done by creating a new full backup and
        restore it for you.

    .PARAMETER HistoryRetention
        Is the length of time in minutes in which the history is retained.
        The default value is 14420

    .PARAMETER NoRecovery
        If this parameter is set the database will be in recovery mode. The database will not be readable.
        This setting is default.

    .PARAMETER NoInitialization
        If this parameter is set the secondary database will not be initialized.
        The database needs to be on the secondary instance in recovery mode.

    .PARAMETER PrimaryMonitorServer
        Is the name of the monitor server for the primary server.
        The default is the name of the primary sql server.

    .PARAMETER PrimaryMonitorCredential
        Allows you to login to enter a secure credential. Only needs to be used when the PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode is 0 or "sqlserver"
        To use: $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -PrimaryMonitorCredential parameter.

    .PARAMETER PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode
        The security mode used to connect to the monitor server for the primary server. Allowed values are 0, "sqlserver", 1, "windows"
        The default is 1 or Windows.

    .PARAMETER PrimaryThresholdAlertEnabled
        Enables the Threshold alert for the primary database

    .PARAMETER RestoreDataFolder
        Folder to be used to restore the database data files. Only used when parameter GenerateFullBackup or UseExistingFullBackup are set.
        If the parameter is not set the default data folder of the secondary instance will be used including the name of the database.
        If the folder is set but doesn't exist the default data folder of the secondary instance will be used including the name of the database.

    .PARAMETER RestoreLogFolder
        Folder to be used to restore the database log files. Only used when parameter GenerateFullBackup or UseExistingFullBackup are set.
        If the parameter is not set the default transaction log folder of the secondary instance will be used.
        If the folder is set but doesn't exist the default transaction log folder of the secondary instance will be used.

    .PARAMETER RestoreDelay
        In case a delay needs to be set for the restore.
        The default is 0.

    .PARAMETER RestoreAlertThreshold
        The amount of minutes after which an alert will be raised is no restore has taken place.
        The default is 45 minutes.

    .PARAMETER RestoreJob
        Name of the restore job that will be created in the SQL Server agent.
        The parameter works as a prefix where the name of the database will be added to the restore job name.
        The default is "LSRestore_[databasename]"

    .PARAMETER RestoreRetention
        The backup retention period in minutes. Default is 4320 / 72 hours

    .PARAMETER RestoreSchedule
        Name of the backup schedule created for the restore job.
        The parameter works as a prefix where the name of the database will be added to the restore job schedule name.
        Default is "LSRestore_[DestinationServerName]_[DatabaseName]"

    .PARAMETER RestoreScheduleDisabled
        Parameter to set the restore schedule to disabled upon creation.
        By default the schedule is enabled.

    .PARAMETER RestoreScheduleFrequencyType
        A value indicating when a job is to be executed.
        Allowed values are "Daily", "AgentStart", "IdleComputer"

    .PARAMETER RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval
        The number of type periods to occur between each execution of the restore job.

    .PARAMETER RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType
        Specifies the units for the subday FrequencyInterval.
        Allowed values are "Time", "Seconds", "Minutes", "Hours"

    .PARAMETER RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval
        The number of subday type periods to occur between each execution of the restore job.

    .PARAMETER RestoreScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval
        A job's occurrence of FrequencyInterval in each month, if FrequencyInterval is 32 (monthlyrelative).

    .PARAMETER RestoreScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor
        The number of weeks or months between the scheduled execution of a job. FrequencyRecurrenceFactor is used only if FrequencyType is 8, "Weekly", 16, "Monthly", 32 or "MonthlyRelative".

    .PARAMETER RestoreScheduleStartDate
        The date on which execution of a job can begin.

    .PARAMETER RestoreScheduleEndDate
        The date on which execution of a job can stop.

    .PARAMETER RestoreScheduleStartTime
        The time on any day to begin execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
        Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
        Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.

    .PARAMETER RestoreScheduleEndTime
        The time on any day to end execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
        Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
        Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.

    .PARAMETER RestoreThreshold
        The number of minutes allowed to elapse between restore operations before an alert is generated.
        The default value = 0

    .PARAMETER SecondaryDatabasePrefix
        The secondary database can be renamed to include a prefix.

    .PARAMETER SecondaryDatabaseSuffix
        The secondary database can be renamed to include a suffix.

    .PARAMETER SecondaryMonitorServer
        Is the name of the monitor server for the secondary server.
        The default is the name of the secondary sql server.

    .PARAMETER SecondaryMonitorCredential
        Allows you to login to enter a secure credential. Only needs to be used when the SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode is 0 or "sqlserver"
        To use: $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SecondaryMonitorCredential parameter.

    .PARAMETER SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode
        The security mode used to connect to the monitor server for the secondary server. Allowed values are 0, "sqlserver", 1, "windows"
        The default is 1 or Windows.

    .PARAMETER SecondaryThresholdAlertEnabled
        Enables the Threshold alert for the secondary database

    .PARAMETER Standby
        If this parameter is set the database will be set to standby mode making the database readable.
        If not set the database will be in recovery mode.

    .PARAMETER StandbyDirectory
        Directory to place the standby file(s) in

    .PARAMETER UseExistingFullBackup
        If the database is not initialized on the secondary instance it can be done by selecting an existing full backup
        and restore it for you.

    .PARAMETER UseBackupFolder
        This enables the user to specify a specific backup folder containing one or more backup files to initialize the database on the secondary instance.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        Use this switch to disable any kind of verbose messages

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
        It will also remove the any present schedules with the same name for the specific job.

    .NOTES
        Tags: LogShipping
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDbLogShipping

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $params = @{
        >> SourceSqlInstance = 'sql1'
        >> DestinationSqlInstance = 'sql2'
        >> Database = 'db1'
        >> BackupNetworkPath= '\\sql1\logshipping'
        >> BackupLocalPath= 'D:\Data\logshipping'
        >> BackupScheduleFrequencyType = 'daily'
        >> BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval = 1
        >> CompressBackup = $true
        >> CopyScheduleFrequencyType = 'daily'
        >> CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval = 1
        >> GenerateFullBackup = $true
        >> RestoreScheduleFrequencyType = 'daily'
        >> RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval = 1
        >> SecondaryDatabaseSuffix = 'DR'
        >> CopyDestinationFolder = '\\sql2\logshippingdest'
        >> Force = $true
        >> }
        >>
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbLogShipping @params

        Sets up log shipping for database "db1" with the backup path to a network share allowing local backups.
        It creates daily schedules for the backup, copy and restore job with all the defaults to be executed every 15 minutes daily.
        The secondary database will be called "db1_LS".

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $params = @{
        >> SourceSqlInstance = 'sql1'
        >> DestinationSqlInstance = 'sql2'
        >> Database = 'db1'
        >> BackupNetworkPath= '\\sql1\logshipping'
        >> GenerateFullBackup = $true
        >> Force = $true
        >> }
        >>
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbLogShipping @params

        Sets up log shipping with all defaults except that a backup file is generated.
        The script will show a message that the copy destination has not been supplied and asks if you want to use the default which would be the backup directory of the secondary server with the folder "logshipping" i.e. "D:\SQLBackup\Logshiping".

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]

    param(
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("SourceServerInstance", "SourceSqlServerSqlServer", "Source")]
        [object]$SourceSqlInstance,

        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("DestinationServerInstance", "DestinationSqlServer", "Destination")]
        [object[]]$DestinationSqlInstance,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SourceSqlCredential,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SourceCredential,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $DestinationSqlCredential,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $DestinationCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$Database,

        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$BackupNetworkPath,

        [string]$BackupLocalPath,

        [string]$BackupJob,

        [int]$BackupRetention,

        [string]$BackupSchedule,

        [switch]$BackupScheduleDisabled,

        [ValidateSet("Daily", "Weekly", "AgentStart", "IdleComputer")]
        [object]$BackupScheduleFrequencyType,

        [object[]]$BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval,

        [ValidateSet('Time', 'Seconds', 'Minutes', 'Hours')]
        [object]$BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType,

        [int]$BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval,

        [ValidateSet('Unused', 'First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth', 'Last')]
        [object]$BackupScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval,

        [int]$BackupScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor,

        [string]$BackupScheduleStartDate,

        [string]$BackupScheduleEndDate,

        [string]$BackupScheduleStartTime,

        [string]$BackupScheduleEndTime,

        [int]$BackupThreshold,

        [switch]$CompressBackup,

        [string]$CopyDestinationFolder,

        [string]$CopyJob,

        [int]$CopyRetention,

        [string]$CopySchedule,

        [switch]$CopyScheduleDisabled,

        [ValidateSet("Daily", "Weekly", "AgentStart", "IdleComputer")]
        [object]$CopyScheduleFrequencyType,

        [object[]]$CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval,

        [ValidateSet('Time', 'Seconds', 'Minutes', 'Hours')]
        [object]$CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType,

        [int]$CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval,

        [ValidateSet('Unused', 'First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth', 'Last')]
        [object]$CopyScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval,

        [int]$CopyScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor,

        [string]$CopyScheduleStartDate,

        [string]$CopyScheduleEndDate,

        [string]$CopyScheduleStartTime,

        [string]$CopyScheduleEndTime,

        [switch]$DisconnectUsers,

        [string]$FullBackupPath,

        [switch]$GenerateFullBackup,

        [int]$HistoryRetention,

        [switch]$NoRecovery,

        [switch]$NoInitialization,

        [string]$PrimaryMonitorServer,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $PrimaryMonitorCredential,

        [ValidateSet(0, "sqlserver", 1, "windows")]
        [object]$PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode,

        [switch]$PrimaryThresholdAlertEnabled,

        [string]$RestoreDataFolder,

        [string]$RestoreLogFolder,

        [int]$RestoreDelay,

        [int]$RestoreAlertThreshold,

        [string]$RestoreJob,

        [int]$RestoreRetention,

        [string]$RestoreSchedule,

        [switch]$RestoreScheduleDisabled,

        [ValidateSet("Daily", "Weekly", "AgentStart", "IdleComputer")]
        [object]$RestoreScheduleFrequencyType,

        [object[]]$RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval,

        [ValidateSet('Time', 'Seconds', 'Minutes', 'Hours')]
        [object]$RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType,

        [int]$RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval,

        [ValidateSet('Unused', 'First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth', 'Last')]
        [object]$RestoreScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval,

        [int]$RestoreScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor,

        [string]$RestoreScheduleStartDate,

        [string]$RestoreScheduleEndDate,

        [string]$RestoreScheduleStartTime,

        [string]$RestoreScheduleEndTime,

        [int]$RestoreThreshold,

        [string]$SecondaryDatabasePrefix,

        [string]$SecondaryDatabaseSuffix,

        [string]$SecondaryMonitorServer,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SecondaryMonitorCredential,

        [ValidateSet(0, "sqlserver", 1, "windows")]
        [object]$SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode,

        [switch]$SecondaryThresholdAlertEnabled,

        [switch]$Standby,

        [string]$StandbyDirectory,

        [switch]$UseExistingFullBackup,

        [string]$UseBackupFolder,

        [switch]$Force,

        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Message "Started log shipping for $SourceSqlInstance to $DestinationSqlInstance" -Level Verbose

        # Try connecting to the instance
        try {
            $SourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance $SourceSqlInstance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }


        # Check the instance if it is a named instance
        $SourceServerName, $SourceInstanceName = $SourceSqlInstance.Split("\")

        if ($null -eq $SourceInstanceName) {
            $SourceInstanceName = "MSSQLSERVER"
        }

        # Set up regex strings for several checks
        $RegexDate = '(?<!\d)(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})(?:(?:(?:0[13578]|1[02])31)|(?:(?:0[1,3-9]|1[0-2])(?:29|30)))|(?:(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?(?:0[48]|[2468][048]|[13579][26])|(?:(?:16|[2468][048]|[3579][26])00)))0229)|(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})(?:(?:0?[1-9])|(?:1[0-2]))(?:0?[1-9]|1\d|2[0-8]))(?!\d)'
        $RegexTime = '^(?:(?:([01]?\d|2[0-3]))?([0-5]?\d))?([0-5]?\d)$'
        $RegexUnc = '^\\(?:\\[^<>:`"/\\|?*]+)+$'


        # Check the connection timeout
        if ($SourceServer.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout -ne 0) {
            $SourceServer.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Connection timeout of $SourceServer is set to 0" -Level Verbose
        }

        # Check the backup network path
        Write-Message -Message "Testing backup network path $BackupNetworkPath" -Level Verbose
        if ((Test-DbaPath -Path $BackupNetworkPath -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceCredential) -ne $true) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Backup network path $BackupNetworkPath is not valid or can't be reached." -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        } elseif ($BackupNetworkPath -notmatch $RegexUnc) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Backup network path $BackupNetworkPath has to be in the form of \\server\share." -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the backup compression
        if ($SourceServer.Version.Major -gt 9) {
            if ($CompressBackup) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting backup compression to 1." -Level Verbose
                [bool]$BackupCompression = 1
            } else {
                $backupServerSetting = (Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -ConfigName DefaultBackupCompression).ConfiguredValue
                Write-Message -Message "Setting backup compression to default server setting $backupServerSetting." -Level Verbose
                [bool]$BackupCompression = $backupServerSetting
            }
        } else {
            Write-Message -Message "Source server $SourceServer does not support backup compression" -Level Verbose
        }

        # Check the database parameter
        if ($Database) {
            foreach ($db in $Database) {
                if ($db -notin $SourceServer.Databases.Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database $db cannot be found on instance $SourceSqlInstance" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                }

                $DatabaseCollection = $SourceServer.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Database }
            }
        } else {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please supply a database to set up log shipping for" -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
        }

        # Set the database mode
        if ($Standby) {
            $DatabaseStatus = 1
            Write-Message -Message "Destination database status set to STANDBY" -Level Verbose
        } else {
            $DatabaseStatus = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Destination database status set to NO RECOVERY" -Level Verbose
        }

        # Setting defaults
        if (-not $BackupRetention) {
            $BackupRetention = 4320
            Write-Message -Message "Backup retention set to $BackupRetention" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupThreshold) {
            $BackupThreshold = 60
            Write-Message -Message "Backup Threshold set to $BackupThreshold" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyRetention) {
            $CopyRetention = 4320
            Write-Message -Message "Copy retention set to $CopyRetention" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $HistoryRetention) {
            $HistoryRetention = 14420
            Write-Message -Message "History retention set to $HistoryRetention" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreAlertThreshold) {
            $RestoreAlertThreshold = 45
            Write-Message -Message "Restore alert Threshold set to $RestoreAlertThreshold" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreDelay) {
            $RestoreDelay = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Restore delay set to $RestoreDelay" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreRetention) {
            $RestoreRetention = 4320
            Write-Message -Message "Restore retention set to $RestoreRetention" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreThreshold) {
            $RestoreThreshold = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Restore Threshold set to $RestoreThreshold" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode) {
            $PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode = 1
            Write-Message -Message "Primary monitor server security mode set to $PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode) {
            $SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode = 1
            Write-Message -Message "Secondary monitor server security mode set to $SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupScheduleFrequencyType) {
            $BackupScheduleFrequencyType = "Daily"
            Write-Message -Message "Backup frequency type set to $BackupScheduleFrequencyType" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval) {
            $BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval = "EveryDay"
            Write-Message -Message "Backup frequency interval set to $BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType) {
            $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType = "Minutes"
            Write-Message -Message "Backup frequency subday type set to $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval) {
            $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval = 15
            Write-Message -Message "Backup frequency subday interval set to $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval) {
            $BackupScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval = "Unused"
            Write-Message -Message "Backup frequency relative interval set to $BackupScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $BackupScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor) {
            $BackupScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Backup frequency recurrence factor set to $BackupScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyScheduleFrequencyType) {
            $CopyScheduleFrequencyType = "Daily"
            Write-Message -Message "Copy frequency type set to $CopyScheduleFrequencyType" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval) {
            $CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval = "EveryDay"
            Write-Message -Message "Copy frequency interval set to $CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType) {
            $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType = "Minutes"
            Write-Message -Message "Copy frequency subday type set to $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval) {
            $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval = 15
            Write-Message -Message "Copy frequency subday interval set to $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval) {
            $CopyScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval = "Unused"
            Write-Message -Message "Copy frequency relative interval set to $CopyScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $CopyScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor) {
            $CopyScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Copy frequency recurrence factor set to $CopyScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleFrequencyType) {
            $RestoreScheduleFrequencyType = "Daily"
            Write-Message -Message "Restore frequency type set to $RestoreScheduleFrequencyType" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval) {
            $RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval = "EveryDay"
            Write-Message -Message "Restore frequency interval set to $RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType) {
            $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType = "Minutes"
            Write-Message -Message "Restore frequency subday type set to $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval) {
            $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval = 15
            Write-Message -Message "Restore frequency subday interval set to $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval) {
            $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval = "Unused"
            Write-Message -Message "Restore frequency relative interval set to $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval" -Level Verbose
        }
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor) {
            $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Restore frequency recurrence factor set to $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor" -Level Verbose
        }

        # Checking for contradicting variables
        if ($NoInitialization -and ($GenerateFullBackup -or $UseExistingFullBackup)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Cannot use -NoInitialization with -GenerateFullBackup or -UseExistingFullBackup" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }

        if ($UseBackupFolder -and ($GenerateFullBackup -or $NoInitialization -or $UseExistingFullBackup)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Cannot use -UseBackupFolder with -GenerateFullBackup, -NoInitialization or -UseExistingFullBackup" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the subday interval
        if (($BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType -in 2, "Seconds", 4, "Minutes") -and (-not ($BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -or $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -le 59))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Backup subday interval $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 59 when subday type is 2, 'Seconds', 4 or 'Minutes'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        } elseif (($BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType -in 8, "Hours") -and (-not ($BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -and $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -le 23))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Backup Subday interval $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 23 when subday type is 8 or 'Hours" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the subday interval
        if (($CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType -in 2, "Seconds", 4, "Minutes") -and (-not ($CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -or $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -le 59))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Copy subday interval $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 59 when subday type is 2, 'Seconds', 4 or 'Minutes'" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        } elseif (($CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType -in 8, "Hours") -and (-not ($CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -and $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -le 23))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Copy subday interval $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 23 when subday type is 8 or 'Hours'" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the subday interval
        if (($RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType -in 2, "Seconds", 4, "Minutes") -and (-not ($RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -or $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -le 59))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Restore subday interval $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 59 when subday type is 2, 'Seconds', 4 or 'Minutes'" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        } elseif (($RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType -in 8, "Hours") -and (-not ($RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -and $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval -le 23))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Restore subday interval $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 23 when subday type is 8 or 'Hours" -Target $DestinationSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the backup start date
        if (-not $BackupScheduleStartDate) {
            $BackupScheduleStartDate = (Get-Date -format "yyyyMMdd")
            Write-Message -Message "Backup start date set to $BackupScheduleStartDate" -Level Verbose
        } else {
            if ($BackupScheduleStartDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Backup start date $BackupScheduleStartDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Check the back start time
        if (-not $BackupScheduleStartTime) {
            $BackupScheduleStartTime = '000000'
            Write-Message -Message "Backup start time set to $BackupScheduleStartTime" -Level Verbose
        } elseif ($BackupScheduleStartTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message  "Backup start time $BackupScheduleStartTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the back end time
        if (-not $BackupScheduleEndTime) {
            $BackupScheduleEndTime = '235959'
            Write-Message -Message "Backup end time set to $BackupScheduleEndTime" -Level Verbose
        } elseif ($BackupScheduleStartTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message  "Backup end time $BackupScheduleStartTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the backup end date
        if (-not $BackupScheduleEndDate) {
            $BackupScheduleEndDate = '99991231'
        } elseif ($BackupScheduleEndDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Backup end date $BackupScheduleEndDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the copy start date
        if (-not $CopyScheduleStartDate) {
            $CopyScheduleStartDate = (Get-Date -format "yyyyMMdd")
            Write-Message -Message "Copy start date set to $CopyScheduleStartDate" -Level Verbose
        } else {
            if ($CopyScheduleStartDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Copy start date $CopyScheduleStartDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Check the copy end date
        if (-not $CopyScheduleEndDate) {
            $CopyScheduleEndDate = '99991231'
        } elseif ($CopyScheduleEndDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Copy end date $CopyScheduleEndDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the copy start time
        if (-not $CopyScheduleStartTime) {
            $CopyScheduleStartTime = '000000'
            Write-Message -Message "Copy start time set to $CopyScheduleStartTime" -Level Verbose
        } elseif ($CopyScheduleStartTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message  "Copy start time $CopyScheduleStartTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the copy end time
        if (-not $CopyScheduleEndTime) {
            $CopyScheduleEndTime = '235959'
            Write-Message -Message "Copy end time set to $CopyScheduleEndTime" -Level Verbose
        } elseif ($CopyScheduleEndTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message  "Copy end time $CopyScheduleEndTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the restore start date
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleStartDate) {
            $RestoreScheduleStartDate = (Get-Date -format "yyyyMMdd")
            Write-Message -Message "Restore start date set to $RestoreScheduleStartDate" -Level Verbose
        } else {
            if ($RestoreScheduleStartDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Restore start date $RestoreScheduleStartDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Check the restore end date
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleEndDate) {
            $RestoreScheduleEndDate = '99991231'
        } elseif ($RestoreScheduleEndDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Restore end date $RestoreScheduleEndDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the restore start time
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleStartTime) {
            $RestoreScheduleStartTime = '000000'
            Write-Message -Message "Restore start time set to $RestoreScheduleStartTime" -Level Verbose
        } elseif ($RestoreScheduleStartTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message  "Restore start time $RestoreScheduleStartTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the restore end time
        if (-not $RestoreScheduleEndTime) {
            $RestoreScheduleEndTime = '235959'
            Write-Message -Message "Restore end time set to $RestoreScheduleEndTime" -Level Verbose
        } elseif ($RestoreScheduleEndTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message  "Restore end time $RestoreScheduleEndTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
            return
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($destInstance in $DestinationSqlInstance) {

            $setupResult = "Success"
            $comment = ""

            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $DestinationServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not connect to Sql Server instance $destInstance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destInstance
                return
            }

            $DestinationServerName, $DestinationInstanceName = $destInstance.Split("\")

            if ($null -eq $DestinationInstanceName) {
                $DestinationInstanceName = "MSSQLSERVER"
            }

            $IsDestinationLocal = $false

            # Check if it's local or remote
            if ($DestinationServerName -in ".", "localhost", $env:ServerName, "127.0.0.1") {
                $IsDestinationLocal = $true
            }

            # Check the instance names and the database settings
            if (($SourceSqlInstance -eq $destInstance) -and (-not $SecondaryDatabasePrefix -or $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix)) {
                $setupResult = "Failed"
                $comment = "The destination database is the same as the source"
                Stop-Function -Message "The destination database is the same as the source`nPlease enter a prefix or suffix using -SecondaryDatabasePrefix or -SecondaryDatabaseSuffix." -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                return
            }

            if ($DestinationServer.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout -ne 0) {
                $DestinationServer.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
                Write-Message -Message "Connection timeout of $DestinationServer is set to 0" -Level Verbose
            }

            # Check the copy destination
            if (-not $CopyDestinationFolder) {
                # Make a default copy destination by retrieving the backup folder and adding a directory
                $CopyDestinationFolder = "$($DestinationServer.Settings.BackupDirectory)\Logshipping"

                # Check to see if the path already exists
                Write-Message -Message "Testing copy destination path $CopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
                if (Test-DbaPath -Path $CopyDestinationFolder -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Copy destination $CopyDestinationFolder already exists" -Level Verbose
                } else {
                    # Check if force is being used
                    if (-not $Force) {
                        # Set up the confirm part
                        $message = "The copy destination is missing. Do you want to use the default $($CopyDestinationFolder)?"
                        $choiceYes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Answer Yes."
                        $choiceNo = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Answer No."
                        $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($choiceYes, $choiceNo)
                        $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 0)

                        # Check the result from the confirm
                        switch ($result) {
                            # If yes
                            0 {
                                # Try to create the new directory
                                try {
                                    # If the destination server is remote and the credential is set
                                    if (-not $IsDestinationLocal -and $DestinationCredential) {
                                        Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $DestinationServerName -Credential $DestinationCredential -ScriptBlock {
                                            Write-Message -Message "Creating copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
                                            New-Item -Path $CopyDestinationFolder -ItemType Directory -Credential $DestinationCredential -Force:$Force | Out-Null
                                        }
                                    }
                                    # If the server is local and the credential is set
                                    elseif ($DestinationCredential) {
                                        Invoke-Command2 -Credential $DestinationCredential -ScriptBlock {
                                            Write-Message -Message "Creating copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
                                            New-Item -Path $CopyDestinationFolder -ItemType Directory -Credential $DestinationCredential -Force:$Force | Out-Null
                                        }
                                    }
                                    # If the server is local and the credential is not set
                                    else {
                                        Write-Message -Message "Creating copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
                                        New-Item -Path $CopyDestinationFolder -Force:$Force -ItemType Directory | Out-Null
                                    }
                                    Write-Message -Message "Copy destination $CopyDestinationFolder created." -Level Verbose
                                } catch {
                                    $setupResult = "Failed"
                                    $comment = "Something went wrong creating the copy destination folder"
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder. `n$_" -Target $destInstance -ErrorRecord $_
                                    return
                                }
                            }
                            1 {
                                $setupResult = "Failed"
                                $comment = "Copy destination is a mandatory parameter"
                                Stop-Function -Message "Copy destination is a mandatory parameter. Please make sure the value is entered." -Target $destInstance
                                return
                            }
                        } # switch
                    } # if not force
                    else {
                        # Try to create the copy destination on the local server
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Message "Creating copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
                            New-Item $CopyDestinationFolder -ItemType Directory -Credential $DestinationCredential -Force:$Force | Out-Null
                            Write-Message -Message "Copy destination $CopyDestinationFolder created." -Level Verbose
                        } catch {
                            $setupResult = "Failed"
                            $comment = "Something went wrong creating the copy destination folder"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder. `n$_" -Target $destInstance -ErrorRecord $_
                            return
                        }
                    } # else not force
                } # if test path copy destination
            } # if not copy destination

            Write-Message -Message "Testing copy destination path $CopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
            if ((Test-DbaPath -Path $CopyDestinationFolder -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                $setupResult = "Failed"
                $comment = "Copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder is not valid or can't be reached"
                Stop-Function -Message "Copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder is not valid or can't be reached." -Target $destInstance
                return
            } elseif ($CopyDestinationFolder.StartsWith("\\") -and $CopyDestinationFolder -notmatch $RegexUnc) {
                $setupResult = "Failed"
                $comment = "Copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder has to be in the form of \\server\share"
                Stop-Function -Message "Copy destination folder $CopyDestinationFolder has to be in the form of \\server\share." -Target $destInstance
                return
            }

            if (-not ($SecondaryDatabasePrefix -or $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix) -and ($SourceServer.Name -eq $DestinationServer.Name) -and ($SourceServer.InstanceName -eq $DestinationServer.InstanceName)) {
                if ($Force) {
                    $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix = "_LS"
                } else {
                    $setupResult = "Failed"
                    $comment = "Destination database is the same as source database"
                    Stop-Function -Message "Destination database is the same as source database.`nPlease check the secondary server, database prefix or suffix or use -Force to set the secondary database using a suffix." -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                    return
                }
            }

            # Check if standby is being used
            if ($Standby) {
                # Check the stand-by directory
                if ($StandbyDirectory) {
                    # Check if the path is reachable for the destination server
                    if ((Test-DbaPath -Path $StandbyDirectory -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                        $setupResult = "Failed"
                        $comment = "The directory $StandbyDirectory cannot be reached by the destination instance"
                        Stop-Function -Message "The directory $StandbyDirectory cannot be reached by the destination instance. Please check the permission and credentials." -Target $destInstance
                        return
                    }
                } elseif (-not $StandbyDirectory -and $Force) {
                    $StandbyDirectory = $destInstance.BackupDirectory
                    Write-Message -Message "Stand-by directory was not set. Setting it to $StandbyDirectory" -Level Verbose
                } else {
                    $setupResult = "Failed"
                    $comment = "Please set the parameter -StandbyDirectory when using -Standby"
                    Stop-Function -Message "Please set the parameter -StandbyDirectory when using -Standby" -Target $SourceSqlInstance
                    return
                }
            }

            # Loop through each of the databases
            foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {

                # Check the status of the database
                if ($db.RecoveryModel -ne 'Full') {
                    $setupResult = "Failed"
                    $comment = "Database $db is not in FULL recovery mode"

                    Stop-Function -Message  "Database $db is not in FULL recovery mode" -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                }

                # Set the intital destination database
                $SecondaryDatabase = $db.Name

                # Set the database prefix
                if ($SecondaryDatabasePrefix) {
                    $SecondaryDatabase = "$SecondaryDatabasePrefix$($db.Name)"
                }

                # Set the database suffix
                if ($SecondaryDatabaseSuffix) {
                    $SecondaryDatabase += $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix
                }

                # Check is the database is already initialized a check if the database exists on the secondary instance
                if ($NoInitialization -and ($DestinationServer.Databases.Name -notcontains $SecondaryDatabase)) {
                    $setupResult = "Failed"
                    $comment = "Database $SecondaryDatabase needs to be initialized before log shipping setting can continue"

                    Stop-Function -Message "Database $SecondaryDatabase needs to be initialized before log shipping setting can continue." -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                }

                # Check the local backup path
                if ($BackupLocalPath) {
                    if ($BackupLocalPath.EndsWith("\")) {
                        $DatabaseBackupLocalPath = "$BackupLocalPath$($db.Name)"
                    } else {
                        $DatabaseBackupLocalPath = "$BackupLocalPath\$($db.Name)"
                    }
                } else {
                    $BackupLocalPath = $BackupNetworkPath

                    if ($BackupLocalPath.EndsWith("\")) {
                        $DatabaseBackupLocalPath = "$BackupLocalPath$($db.Name)"
                    } else {
                        $DatabaseBackupLocalPath = "$BackupLocalPath\$($db.Name)"
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Backup local path set to $DatabaseBackupLocalPath." -Level Verbose

                # Setting the backup network path for the database
                if ($BackupNetworkPath.EndsWith("\")) {
                    $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath = "$BackupNetworkPath$($db.Name)"
                } else {
                    $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath = "$BackupNetworkPath\$($db.Name)"
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Backup network path set to $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath." -Level Verbose


                # Checking if the database network path exists
                if ($setupResult -ne 'Failed') {
                    Write-Message -Message "Testing database backup network path $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath" -Level Verbose
                    if ((Test-DbaPath -Path $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceCredential) -ne $true) {
                        # To to create the backup directory for the database
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Message "Database backup network path $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath not found. Trying to create it.." -Level Verbose

                            Invoke-Command2 -Credential $SourceCredential -ScriptBlock {
                                Write-Message -Message "Creating backup folder $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath" -Level Verbose
                                $null = New-Item -Path $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath -ItemType Directory -Credential $SourceCredential -Force:$Force
                            }
                        } catch {
                            $setupResult = "Failed"
                            $comment = "Something went wrong creating the backup directory"

                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the backup directory" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Check if the backup job name is set
                if ($BackupJob) {
                    $DatabaseBackupJob = "$BackupJob_$($db.Name)"
                } else {
                    $DatabaseBackupJob = "LSBackup_$($db.Name)"
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Backup job name set to $DatabaseBackupJob" -Level Verbose

                # Check if the backup job schedule name is set
                if ($BackupSchedule) {
                    $DatabaseBackupSchedule = "$BackupSchedule_$($db.Name)"
                } else {
                    $DatabaseBackupSchedule = "LSBackupSchedule_$($db.Name)"
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Backup job schedule name set to $DatabaseBackupSchedule" -Level Verbose

                # Check if secondary database is present on secondary instance
                if (-not $Force -and -not $NoInitialization -and ($DestinationServer.Databases[$SecondaryDatabase].Status -ne 'Restoring') -and ($DestinationServer.Databases.Name -contains $SecondaryDatabase)) {
                    $setupResult = "Failed"
                    $comment = "Secondary database already exists on instance"

                    Stop-Function -Message "Secondary database already exists on instance $destInstance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destInstance -Continue
                }

                # Check if the secondary database needs tobe initialized
                if ($setupResult -ne 'Failed') {
                    if (-not $NoInitialization) {
                        # Check if the secondary database exists on the secondary instance
                        if ($DestiationServer.Databases.Name -notcontains $SecondaryDatabase) {
                            # Check if force is being used and no option to generate the full backup is set
                            if ($Force -and -not ($GenerateFullBackup -or $UseExistingFullBackup)) {
                                # Set the option to generate a full backup
                                Write-Message -Message "Set option to initialize secondary database with full backup" -Level Verbose
                                $GenerateFullBackup = $true
                            } elseif (-not $Force -and -not $GenerateFullBackup -and -not $UseExistingFullBackup -and -not $UseBackupFolder) {
                                # Set up the confirm part
                                $message = "The database $SecondaryDatabase does not exist on instance $destInstance. `nDo you want to initialize it by generating a full backup?"
                                $choiceYes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Answer Yes."
                                $choiceNo = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Answer No."
                                $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($choiceYes, $choiceNo)
                                $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 0)

                                # Check the result from the confirm
                                switch ($result) {
                                    # If yes
                                    0 {
                                        # Set the option to generate a full backup
                                        Write-Message -Message "Set option to initialize secondary database with full backup." -Level Verbose
                                        $GenerateFullBackup = $true
                                    }
                                    1 {
                                        $setupResult = "Failed"
                                        $comment = "The database is not initialized on the secondary instance"

                                        Stop-Function -Message "The database is not initialized on the secondary instance. `nPlease initialize the database on the secondary instance, use -GenerateFullbackup or use -Force." -Target $destInstance
                                        return
                                    }
                                } # switch
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }


                # Check the parameters for initialization of the secondary database
                if (-not $NoInitialization -and ($GenerateFullBackup -or $UseExistingFullBackup -or $UseBackupFolder)) {
                    # Check if the restore data and log folder are set
                    if ($setupResult -ne 'Failed') {
                        if (-not $RestoreDataFolder -or -not $RestoreLogFolder) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Restore data folder or restore log folder are not set. Using server defaults" -Level Verbose

                            # Get the default data folder
                            if (-not $RestoreDataFolder) {
                                $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder = $DestinationServer.DefaultFile
                            } else {
                                # Set the restore data folder
                                if ($RestoreDataFolder.EndsWith("\")) {
                                    $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder = "$RestoreDataFolder$($db.Name)"
                                } else {
                                    $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder = "$RestoreDataFolder\$($db.Name)"
                                }
                            }

                            Write-Message -Message "Restore data folder set to $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder" -Level Verbose

                            # Get the default log folder
                            if (-not $RestoreLogFolder) {
                                $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder = $DestinationServer.DefaultLog
                            }

                            Write-Message -Message "Restore log folder set to $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder" -Level Verbose

                            # Check if the restore data folder exists
                            Write-Message -Message "Testing database restore data path $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder" -Level Verbose
                            if ((Test-DbaPath  -Path $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($DestinationServerName, "Creating database restore data folder $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder on $DestinationServerName")) {
                                    # Try creating the data folder
                                    try {
                                        Invoke-Command2 -Credential $DestinationCredential -ScriptBlock {
                                            Write-Message -Message "Creating data folder $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder" -Level Verbose
                                            $null = New-Item -Path $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder -ItemType Directory -Credential $DestinationCredential -Force:$Force
                                        }
                                    } catch {
                                        $setupResult = "Failed"
                                        $comment = "Something went wrong creating the restore data directory"
                                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the restore data directory" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            # Check if the restore log folder exists
                            Write-Message -Message "Testing database restore log path $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder" -Level Verbose
                            if ((Test-DbaPath  -Path $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($DestinationServerName, "Creating database restore log folder $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder on $DestinationServerName")) {
                                    # Try creating the log folder
                                    try {
                                        Write-Message -Message "Restore log folder $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder not found. Trying to create it.." -Level Verbose

                                        Invoke-Command2 -Credential $DestinationCredential -ScriptBlock {
                                            Write-Message -Message "Restore log folder $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder not found. Trying to create it.." -Level Verbose
                                            $null = New-Item -Path $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder -ItemType Directory -Credential $DestinationCredential -Force:$Force
                                        }
                                    } catch {
                                        $setupResult = "Failed"
                                        $comment = "Something went wrong creating the restore log directory"
                                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the restore log directory" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    # Check if the full backup path can be reached
                    if ($setupResult -ne 'Failed') {
                        if ($FullBackupPath) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Testing full backup path $FullBackupPath" -Level Verbose
                            if ((Test-DbaPath -Path $FullBackupPath -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                                $setupResult = "Failed"
                                $comment = "The path to the full backup could not be reached"
                                Stop-Function -Message ("The path to the full backup could not be reached. Check the path and/or the crdential") -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destInstance -Continue
                            }
                        } elseif ($UseBackupFolder.Length -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Testing backup folder $UseBackupFolder" -Level Verbose
                            if ((Test-DbaPath -Path $UseBackupFolder -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                                $setupResult = "Failed"
                                $comment = "The path to the backup folder could not be reached"
                                Stop-Function -Message ("The path to the backup folder could not be reached. Check the path and/or the crdential") -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destInstance -Continue
                            }

                            $BackupPath = $UseBackupFolder
                        } elseif ($UseExistingFullBackup) {
                            Write-Message -Message "No path to the full backup is set. Trying to retrieve the last full backup for $db from $SourceSqlInstance" -Level Verbose

                            # Get the last full backup
                            $LastBackup = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -Databases $($db.Name) -LastFull -Credential $SourceSqlCredential

                            # Check if there was a last backup
                            if ($null -eq $LastBackup) {
                                # Test the path to the backup
                                Write-Message -Message "Testing last backup path $(($LastBackup[-1]).Path[-1])" -Level Verbose
                                if ((Test-DbaPath -Path ($LastBackup[-1]).Path[-1] -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceCredential) -ne $true) {
                                    $setupResult = "Failed"
                                    $comment = "The full backup could not be found"
                                    Stop-Function -Message "The full backup could not be found on $($LastBackup.Path). Check path and/or credentials" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destInstance -Continue
                                }
                                # Check if the source for the last full backup is remote and the backup is on a shared location
                                elseif (($LastBackup.Computername -ne $SourceServerName) -and (($LastBackup[-1]).Path[-1].StartsWith('\\') -eq $false)) {
                                    $setupResult = "Failed"
                                    $comment = "The last full backup is not located on shared location"
                                    Stop-Function -Message "The last full backup is not located on shared location. `n$($_.Exception.Message)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destInstance -Continue
                                } else {
                                    #$FullBackupPath = $LastBackup.Path
                                    $BackupPath = $LastBackup.Path
                                    Write-Message -Message "Full backup found for $db. Path $BackupPath" -Level Verbose
                                }
                            } else {
                                Write-Message -Message "No Full backup found for $db." -Level Verbose
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Set the copy destination folder to include the database name
                if ($CopyDestinationFolder.EndsWith("\")) {
                    $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder = "$CopyDestinationFolder$($db.Name)"
                } else {
                    $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder = "$CopyDestinationFolder\$($db.Name)"
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Copy destination folder set to $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder." -Level Verbose

                # Check if the copy job name is set
                if ($CopyJob) {
                    $DatabaseCopyJob = "$CopyJob_$SourceServerName_$($db.Name)"
                } else {
                    $DatabaseCopyJob = "LSCopy_$SourceServerName_$($db.Name)"
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Copy job name set to $DatabaseCopyJob" -Level Verbose

                # Check if the copy job schedule name is set
                if ($CopySchedule) {
                    $DatabaseCopySchedule = "$CopySchedule_$($db.Name)"
                } else {
                    $DatabaseCopySchedule = "LSCopySchedule_$($db.Name)"
                    Write-Message -Message "Copy job schedule name set to $DatabaseCopySchedule" -Level Verbose
                }

                # Check if the copy destination folder exists
                if ($setupResult -ne 'Failed') {
                    Write-Message -Message "Testing database copy destination path $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder" -Level Verbose
                    if ((Test-DbaPath -Path $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential) -ne $true) {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($DestinationServerName, "Creating copy destination folder on $DestinationServerName")) {
                            try {
                                Invoke-Command2 -Credential $DestinationCredential -ScriptBlock {
                                    Write-Message -Message "Copy destination folder $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder not found. Trying to create it.. ." -Level Verbose
                                    $null = New-Item -Path $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder -ItemType Directory -Credential $DestinationCredential -Force:$Force
                                }
                            } catch {
                                $setupResult = "Failed"
                                $comment = "Something went wrong creating the database copy destination folder"
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the database copy destination folder. `n$($_.Exception.Message)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $DestinationServerName -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Check if the restore job name is set
                if ($RestoreJob) {
                    $DatabaseRestoreJob = "$RestoreJob_$SourceServerName_$($db.Name)"
                } else {
                    $DatabaseRestoreJob = "LSRestore_$DestinationServerName_$($db.Name)"
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Restore job name set to $DatabaseRestoreJob" -Level Verbose

                # Check if the restore job schedule name is set
                if ($RestoreSchedule) {
                    $DatabaseRestoreSchedule = "$RestoreSchedule_$($db.Name)"
                } else {
                    $DatabaseRestoreSchedule = "LSRestoreSchedule_$($db.Name)"
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Restore job schedule name set to $DatabaseRestoreSchedule" -Level Verbose

                # If the database needs to be backed up first
                if ($setupResult -ne 'Failed') {
                    if ($GenerateFullBackup) {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SourceSqlInstance, "Backing up database $db")) {

                            Write-Message -Message "Generating full backup." -Level Verbose
                            Write-Message -Message "Backing up database $db to $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath" -Level Verbose

                            try {
                                $Timestamp = Get-Date -format "yyyyMMddHHmmss"

                                $LastBackup = Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance `
                                    -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential `
                                    -BackupDirectory $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath `
                                    -BackupFileName "FullBackup_$($db.Name)_PreLogShipping_$Timestamp.bak" `
                                    -Databases $($db.Name) `
                                    -Type Full

                                Write-Message -Message "Backup completed." -Level Verbose

                                # Get the last full backup path
                                #$FullBackupPath = $LastBackup.BackupPath
                                $BackupPath = $LastBackup.BackupPath

                                Write-Message -Message "Backup is located at $BackupPath" -Level Verbose
                            } catch {
                                $setupResult = "Failed"
                                $comment = "Something went wrong generating the full backup"
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong generating the full backup" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $DestinationServerName -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Check of the MonitorServerSecurityMode value is of type string and set the integer value
                if ($PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode -notin 0, 1) {
                    $PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode = switch ($PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode) {
                        "SQLSERVER" { 0 } "WINDOWS" { 1 } default { 1 }
                    }
                }

                # Check the primary monitor server
                if ($Force -and (-not$PrimaryMonitorServer -or [string]$PrimaryMonitorServer -eq '' -or $null -eq $PrimaryMonitorServer)) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting monitor server for primary server to $SourceSqlInstance." -Level Verbose
                    $PrimaryMonitorServer = $SourceSqlInstance
                }

                # Check the PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode if it's SQL Server authentication
                if ($PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode -eq 0) {
                    if ($PrimaryMonitorServerLogin) {
                        $setupResult = "Failed"
                        $comment = "The PrimaryMonitorServerLogin cannot be empty"
                        Stop-Function -Message "The PrimaryMonitorServerLogin cannot be empty when using SQL Server authentication." -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                    }

                    if ($PrimaryMonitorServerPassword) {
                        $setupResult = "Failed"
                        $comment = "The PrimaryMonitorServerPassword cannot be empty"
                        Stop-Function -Message "The PrimaryMonitorServerPassword cannot be empty when using SQL Server authentication." -Target $ -Continue
                    }
                }

                # Check of the SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode value is of type string and set the integer value
                if ($SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode -notin 0, 1) {
                    $SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode = switch ($SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode) {
                        "SQLSERVER" { 0 } "WINDOWS" { 1 } default { 1 }
                    }
                }

                # Check the secondary monitor server
                if ($Force -and (-not $SecondaryMonitorServer -or [string]$SecondaryMonitorServer -eq '' -or $null -eq $SecondaryMonitorServer)) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting secondary monitor server for $destInstance to $SourceSqlInstance." -Level Verbose
                    $SecondaryMonitorServer = $SourceSqlInstance
                }

                # Check the MonitorServerSecurityMode if it's SQL Server authentication
                if ($SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode -eq 0) {
                    if ($SecondaryMonitorServerLogin) {
                        $setupResult = "Failed"
                        $comment = "The SecondaryMonitorServerLogin cannot be empty"
                        Stop-Function -Message "The SecondaryMonitorServerLogin cannot be empty when using SQL Server authentication." -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                    }

                    if ($SecondaryMonitorServerPassword) {
                        $setupResult = "Failed"
                        $comment = "The SecondaryMonitorServerPassword cannot be empty"
                        Stop-Function -Message "The SecondaryMonitorServerPassword cannot be empty when using SQL Server authentication." -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                    }
                }

                # Now that all the checks have been done we can start with the fun stuff !

                # Restore the full backup
                if ($setupResult -ne 'Failed') {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destInstance, "Restoring database $db to $SecondaryDatabase on $destInstance")) {
                        if ($GenerateFullBackup -or $UseExistingFullBackup -or $UseBackupFolder) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Message "Start database restore" -Level Verbose
                                if ($NoRecovery -or (-not $Standby)) {
                                    if ($Force) {
                                        $null = Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destInstance `
                                            -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                                            -Path $BackupPath `
                                            -DestinationFilePrefix $SecondaryDatabasePrefix `
                                            -DestinationFileSuffix $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix `
                                            -DestinationDataDirectory $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder `
                                            -DestinationLogDirectory $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder `
                                            -DatabaseName $SecondaryDatabase `
                                            -DirectoryRecurse `
                                            -NoRecovery `
                                            -WithReplace
                                    } else {
                                        $null = Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destInstance `
                                            -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                                            -Path $BackupPath `
                                            -DestinationFilePrefix $SecondaryDatabasePrefix `
                                            -DestinationFileSuffix $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix `
                                            -DestinationDataDirectory $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder `
                                            -DestinationLogDirectory $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder `
                                            -DatabaseName $SecondaryDatabase `
                                            -DirectoryRecurse `
                                            -NoRecovery
                                    }
                                }

                                # If the database needs to be in standby
                                if ($Standby) {
                                    # Setup the path to the standby file
                                    $StandbyDirectory = "$DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder"

                                    # Check if credentials need to be used
                                    if ($DestinationSqlCredential) {
                                        $null = Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destInstance `
                                            -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                                            -Path $BackupPath `
                                            -DestinationFilePrefix $SecondaryDatabasePrefix `
                                            -DestinationFileSuffix $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix `
                                            -DestinationDataDirectory $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder `
                                            -DestinationLogDirectory $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder `
                                            -DatabaseName $SecondaryDatabase `
                                            -DirectoryRecurse `
                                            -StandbyDirectory $StandbyDirectory
                                    } else {
                                        $null = Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destInstance `
                                            -Path $BackupPath `
                                            -DestinationFilePrefix $SecondaryDatabasePrefix `
                                            -DestinationFileSuffix $SecondaryDatabaseSuffix `
                                            -DestinationDataDirectory $DatabaseRestoreDataFolder `
                                            -DestinationLogDirectory $DatabaseRestoreLogFolder `
                                            -DatabaseName $SecondaryDatabase `
                                            -DirectoryRecurse `
                                            -StandbyDirectory $StandbyDirectory
                                    }
                                }
                            } catch {
                                $setupResult = "Failed"
                                $comment = "Something went wrong restoring the secondary database"
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong restoring the secondary database" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                            }

                            Write-Message -Message "Restore completed." -Level Verbose
                        }
                    }
                }

                #region Set up log shipping on the primary instance
                # Set up log shipping on the primary instance
                if ($setupResult -ne 'Failed') {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SourceSqlInstance, "Configuring logshipping for primary database $db on $SourceSqlInstance")) {
                        try {

                            Write-Message -Message "Configuring logshipping for primary database" -Level Verbose

                            New-DbaLogShippingPrimaryDatabase -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance `
                                -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential `
                                -Database $($db.Name) `
                                -BackupDirectory $DatabaseBackupLocalPath `
                                -BackupJob $DatabaseBackupJob `
                                -BackupRetention $BackupRetention `
                                -BackupShare $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath `
                                -BackupThreshold $BackupThreshold `
                                -CompressBackup:$BackupCompression `
                                -HistoryRetention $HistoryRetention `
                                -MonitorServer $PrimaryMonitorServer `
                                -MonitorServerSecurityMode $PrimaryMonitorServerSecurityMode `
                                -MonitorCredential $PrimaryMonitorCredential `
                                -ThresholdAlertEnabled:$PrimaryThresholdAlertEnabled `
                                -Force:$Force

                            # Check if the backup job needs to be enabled or disabled
                            if ($BackupScheduleDisabled) {
                                $null = Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -Job $DatabaseBackupJob -Disabled
                                Write-Message -Message "Disabling backup job $DatabaseBackupJob" -Level Verbose
                            } else {
                                $null = Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential -Job $DatabaseBackupJob -Enabled
                                Write-Message -Message "Enabling backup job $DatabaseBackupJob" -Level Verbose
                            }

                            Write-Message -Message "Create backup job schedule $DatabaseBackupSchedule" -Level Verbose

                            #Variable $BackupJobSchedule marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replaced with $null for catching output
                            $null = New-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance `
                                -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential `
                                -Job $DatabaseBackupJob `
                                -Schedule $DatabaseBackupSchedule `
                                -FrequencyType $BackupScheduleFrequencyType `
                                -FrequencyInterval $BackupScheduleFrequencyInterval `
                                -FrequencySubdayType $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayType `
                                -FrequencySubdayInterval $BackupScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval `
                                -FrequencyRelativeInterval $BackupScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval `
                                -FrequencyRecurrenceFactor $BackupScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor `
                                -StartDate $BackupScheduleStartDate `
                                -EndDate $BackupScheduleEndDate `
                                -StartTime $BackupScheduleStartTime `
                                -EndTime $BackupScheduleEndTime `
                                -Force:$Force

                            Write-Message -Message "Configuring logshipping from primary to secondary database." -Level Verbose

                            New-DbaLogShippingPrimarySecondary -SqlInstance $SourceSqlInstance `
                                -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential `
                                -PrimaryDatabase $($db.Name) `
                                -SecondaryDatabase $SecondaryDatabase `
                                -SecondaryServer $destInstance `
                                -SecondarySqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
                        } catch {
                            $setupResult = "Failed"
                            $comment = "Something went wrong setting up log shipping for primary instance"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong setting up log shipping for primary instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SourceSqlInstance -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                #endregion Set up log shipping on the primary instance

                #region Set up log shipping on the secondary instance
                # Set up log shipping on the secondary instance
                if ($setupResult -ne 'Failed') {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($destInstance, "Configuring logshipping for secondary database $SecondaryDatabase on $destInstance")) {
                        try {

                            Write-Message -Message "Configuring logshipping from secondary database $SecondaryDatabase to primary database $db." -Level Verbose

                            New-DbaLogShippingSecondaryPrimary -SqlInstance $destInstance `
                                -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                                -BackupSourceDirectory $DatabaseBackupNetworkPath `
                                -BackupDestinationDirectory $DatabaseCopyDestinationFolder `
                                -CopyJob $DatabaseCopyJob `
                                -FileRetentionPeriod $BackupRetention `
                                -MonitorServer $SecondaryMonitorServer `
                                -MonitorServerSecurityMode $SecondaryMonitorServerSecurityMode `
                                -MonitorCredential $SecondaryMonitorCredential `
                                -PrimaryServer $SourceSqlInstance `
                                -PrimaryDatabase $($db.Name) `
                                -RestoreJob $DatabaseRestoreJob `
                                -Force:$Force

                            Write-Message -Message "Create copy job schedule $DatabaseCopySchedule" -Level Verbose
                            #Variable $CopyJobSchedule marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replaced with $null for catching output
                            $null = New-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance $destInstance `
                                -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                                -Job $DatabaseCopyJob `
                                -Schedule $DatabaseCopySchedule `
                                -FrequencyType $CopyScheduleFrequencyType `
                                -FrequencyInterval $CopyScheduleFrequencyInterval `
                                -FrequencySubdayType $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayType `
                                -FrequencySubdayInterval $CopyScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval `
                                -FrequencyRelativeInterval $CopyScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval `
                                -FrequencyRecurrenceFactor $CopyScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor `
                                -StartDate $CopyScheduleStartDate `
                                -EndDate $CopyScheduleEndDate `
                                -StartTime $CopyScheduleStartTime `
                                -EndTime $CopyScheduleEndTime `
                                -Force:$Force

                            Write-Message -Message "Create restore job schedule $DatabaseRestoreSchedule" -Level Verbose

                            #Variable $RestoreJobSchedule marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replaced with $null for catching output
                            $null = New-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance $destInstance `
                                -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                                -Job $DatabaseRestoreJob `
                                -Schedule $DatabaseRestoreSchedule `
                                -FrequencyType $RestoreScheduleFrequencyType `
                                -FrequencyInterval $RestoreScheduleFrequencyInterval `
                                -FrequencySubdayType $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayType `
                                -FrequencySubdayInterval $RestoreScheduleFrequencySubdayInterval `
                                -FrequencyRelativeInterval $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRelativeInterval `
                                -FrequencyRecurrenceFactor $RestoreScheduleFrequencyRecurrenceFactor `
                                -StartDate $RestoreScheduleStartDate `
                                -EndDate $RestoreScheduleEndDate `
                                -StartTime $RestoreScheduleStartTime `
                                -EndTime $RestoreScheduleEndTime `
                                -Force:$Force

                            Write-Message -Message "Configuring logshipping for secondary database." -Level Verbose

                            New-DbaLogShippingSecondaryDatabase -SqlInstance $destInstance `
                                -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential `
                                -SecondaryDatabase $SecondaryDatabase `
                                -PrimaryServer $SourceSqlInstance `
                                -PrimaryDatabase $($db.Name) `
                                -RestoreDelay $RestoreDelay `
                                -RestoreMode $DatabaseStatus `
                                -DisconnectUsers:$DisconnectUsers `
                                -RestoreThreshold $RestoreThreshold `
                                -ThresholdAlertEnabled:$SecondaryThresholdAlertEnabled `
                                -HistoryRetention $HistoryRetention

                            # Check if the copy job needs to be enabled or disabled
                            if ($CopyScheduleDisabled) {
                                $null = Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Job $DatabaseCopyJob -Disabled
                            } else {
                                $null = Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Job $DatabaseCopyJob -Enabled
                            }

                            # Check if the restore job needs to be enabled or disabled
                            if ($RestoreScheduleDisabled) {
                                $null = Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Job $DatabaseRestoreJob -Disabled
                            } else {
                                $null = Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $destInstance -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Job $DatabaseRestoreJob -Enabled
                            }

                        } catch {
                            $setupResult = "Failed"
                            $comment = "Something went wrong setting up log shipping for secondary instance"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong setting up log shipping for secondary instance.`n$($_.Exception.Message)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $destInstance -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                #endregion Set up log shipping on the secondary instance

                Write-Message -Message "Completed configuring log shipping for database $db" -Level Verbose

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    PrimaryInstance   = $SourceServer.DomainInstanceName
                    SecondaryInstance = $DestinationServer.DomainInstanceName
                    PrimaryDatabase   = $($db.Name)
                    SecondaryDatabase = $SecondaryDatabase
                    Result            = $setupResult
                    Comment           = $comment
                }

            } # for each database
        } # end for each destination server
    } # end process
    end {
        Write-Message -Message "Finished setting up log shipping." -Level Verbose
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Invoke-DbaLogShipping
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDbLogShipRecovery {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Invoke-DbaDbLogShipRecovery recovers log shipped databases to a normal state to act upon a migration or disaster.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default all the databases for a particular instance are recovered.
        If the database is in the right state, either standby or recovering, the process will try to recover the database.

        At first the function will check if the backup source directory can still be reached.
        If so it will look up the last transaction log backup for the database. If that backup file is not the last copied file the log shipping copy job will be started.
        If the directory cannot be reached for the function will continue to the restoring process.
        After the copy job check is performed the job is disabled to prevent the job to run.

        For the restore the log shipping status is checked in the msdb database.
        If the last restored file is not the same as the last file name found, the log shipping restore job will be executed.
        After the restore job check is performed the job is disabled to prevent the job to run

        The last part is to set the database online by restoring the databases with recovery

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Database to perform the restore for. This value can also be piped enabling multiple databases to be recovered.
        If this value is not supplied all databases will be recovered.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER NoRecovery
        Allows you to choose to not restore the database to a functional state (Normal) in the final steps of the process.
        By default the database is restored to a functional state (Normal).

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piped input from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Use this parameter to force the function to continue and perform any adjusting actions to successfully execute

    .PARAMETER Delay
        Set the delay in seconds to wait for the copy and/or restore jobs.
        By default the delay is 5 seconds

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .NOTES
        Tags: LogShipping
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDbLogShipRecovery

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbLogShipRecovery -SqlInstance server1

        Recovers all the databases on the instance that are enabled for log shipping

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbLogShipRecovery -SqlInstance server1 -SqlCredential $cred -Verbose

        Recovers all the databases on the instance that are enabled for log shipping using a credential

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbLogShipRecovery -SqlInstance server1 -database db_logship -Verbose

        Recovers the database "db_logship" to a normal status

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> db1, db2, db3, db4 | Invoke-DbaDbLogShipRecovery -SqlInstance server1 -Verbose

        Recovers the database db1, db2, db3, db4 to a normal status

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbLogShipRecovery -SqlInstance server1 -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param
    (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [int]$Delay = 5
    )
    begin {
        $stepCounter = 0
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if (-not $Force -and -not $Database) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -Database or -Force for all databases" -Target $server.name
                return
            }
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        # Loop through all the databases
        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            $stepCounter = 0
            $server = $db.Parent
            $instance = $server.Name
            $activity = "Performing log shipping recovery for $($db.Name) on $($server.Name)"
            # Try to get the agent service details
            try {
                # Get the service details
                $agentStatus = $server.Query("SELECT COUNT(*) as AgentCount FROM master.dbo.sysprocesses WITH (nolock) WHERE Program_Name LIKE 'SQLAgent%'")

                if ($agentStatus.AgentCount -lt 1) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The agent service is not in a running state. Please start the service." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.name
                    return
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to get SQL Server Agent Service status" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.name
                return
            }
            # Query for retrieving the log shipping information
            $query = "SELECT lss.primary_server, lss.primary_database, lsd.secondary_database, lss.backup_source_directory,
                    lss.backup_destination_directory, lss.last_copied_file, lss.last_copied_date,
                    lsd.last_restored_file, sj1.name AS 'copyjob', sj2.name AS 'restorejob'
                FROM msdb.dbo.log_shipping_secondary AS lss
                    INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.log_shipping_secondary_databases AS lsd ON lsd.secondary_id = lss.secondary_id
                    INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.sysjobs AS sj1 ON sj1.job_id = lss.copy_job_id
                    INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.sysjobs AS sj2 ON sj2.job_id = lss.restore_job_id
                WHERE lsd.secondary_database = '$($db.Name)'"

            # Retrieve the log shipping information from the secondary instance
            try {
                Write-Message -Message "Retrieving log shipping information from the secondary instance" -Level Verbose
                Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Retrieving log shipping information from the secondary instance"
                $logshipping_details = $server.Query($query)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Error retrieving the log shipping details: $($_.Exception.Message)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.name
                return
            }

            # Check if there are any databases to recover
            if ($null -eq $logshipping_details) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not configured as a secondary database for log shipping." -Continue
            } else {
                # Loop through each of the log shipped databases
                foreach ($ls in $logshipping_details) {
                    $secondarydb = $ls.secondary_database

                    $recoverResult = "Success"
                    $comment = ""
                    $jobOutputs = @()

                    # Check if the database is in the right state
                    if ($server.Databases[$secondarydb].Status -notin ('Normal, Standby', 'Standby', 'Restoring')) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "The database $db doesn't have the right status to be recovered" -Continue
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Message "Started Recovery for $secondarydb" -Level Verbose

                        # Start the job to get the latest files
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.name, ("Starting copy job $($ls.copyjob)"))) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Starting copy job $($ls.copyjob)" -Level Verbose

                            Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Starting copy job"
                            try {
                                $null = Start-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -Job $ls.copyjob
                            } catch {
                                $recoverResult = "Failed"
                                $comment = "Something went wrong starting the copy job $($ls.copyjob)"
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong starting the copy job.`n$($_)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.name
                            }

                            if ($recoverResult -ne 'Failed') {
                                Write-Message -Message "Copying files to $($ls.backup_destination_directory)" -Level Verbose

                                Write-Message -Message "Waiting for the copy action to complete.." -Level Verbose

                                # Get the job status
                                $jobStatus = Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -Job $ls.copyjob

                                while ($jobStatus.CurrentRunStatus -ne 'Idle') {
                                    # Sleep for while to let the files be copied
                                    Start-Sleep -Seconds $Delay

                                    # Get the job status
                                    $jobStatus = Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -Job $ls.copyjob
                                }

                                # Check the lat outcome of the job
                                if ($jobStatus.LastRunOutcome -eq 'Failed') {
                                    $recoverResult = "Failed"
                                    $comment = "The copy job for database $db failed. Please check the error log."
                                    Stop-Function -Message "The copy job for database $db failed. Please check the error log."
                                }

                                $jobOutputs += $jobStatus

                                Write-Message -Message "Copying of backup files finished" -Level Verbose
                            }
                        } # if should process

                        # Disable the log shipping copy job on the secondary instance
                        if ($recoverResult -ne 'Failed') {
                            Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Disabling copy job"

                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.name, "Disabling copy job $($ls.copyjob)")) {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Message "Disabling copy job $($ls.copyjob)" -Level Verbose
                                    $null = Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -Job $ls.copyjob -Disabled
                                } catch {
                                    $recoverResult = "Failed"
                                    $comment = "Something went wrong disabling the copy job."
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong disabling the copy job.`n$($_)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.name
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($recoverResult -ne 'Failed') {
                            # Start the restore job
                            Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Starting restore job"

                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.name, ("Starting restore job " + $ls.restorejob))) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Starting restore job $($ls.restorejob)" -Level Verbose
                                try {
                                    $null = Start-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -Job $ls.restorejob
                                } catch {
                                    $comment = "Something went wrong starting the restore job."
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong starting the restore job.`n$($_)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.name
                                }

                                Write-Message -Message "Waiting for the restore action to complete.." -Level Verbose

                                # Get the job status
                                $jobStatus = Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -Job $ls.restorejob

                                while ($jobStatus.CurrentRunStatus -ne 'Idle') {
                                    # Sleep for while to let the files be copied
                                    Start-Sleep -Seconds $Delay

                                    # Get the job status
                                    $jobStatus = Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -Job $ls.restorejob
                                }

                                # Check the lat outcome of the job
                                if ($jobStatus.LastRunOutcome -eq 'Failed') {
                                    $recoverResult = "Failed"
                                    $comment = "The restore job for database $db failed. Please check the error log."
                                    Stop-Function -Message "The restore job for database $db failed. Please check the error log."
                                }

                                $jobOutputs += $jobStatus
                            }
                        }

                        if ($recoverResult -ne 'Failed') {
                            # Disable the log shipping restore job on the secondary instance
                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.name, "Disabling restore job $($ls.restorejob)")) {
                                try {
                                    Write-Message -Message ("Disabling restore job " + $ls.restorejob) -Level Verbose
                                    $null = Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -Job $ls.restorejob -Disabled
                                } catch {
                                    $recoverResult = "Failed"
                                    $comment = "Something went wrong disabling the restore job."
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong disabling the restore job.`n$($_)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.name
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($recoverResult -ne 'Failed') {
                            # Check if the database needs to recovered to its normal state
                            if ($NoRecovery -eq $false) {
                                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($secondarydb, "Restoring database with recovery")) {
                                    Write-Message -Message "Restoring the database to it's normal state" -Level Verbose
                                    try {
                                        $query = "RESTORE DATABASE [$secondarydb] WITH RECOVERY"
                                        $server.Query($query)

                                    } catch {
                                        $recoverResult = "Failed"
                                        $comment = "Something went wrong restoring the database to a normal state."
                                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong restoring the database to a normal state.`n$($_)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $secondarydb
                                    }
                                }
                            } else {
                                $comment = "Skipping restore with recovery."
                                Write-Message -Message "Skipping restore with recovery" -Level Verbose
                            }

                            Write-Message -Message ("Finished Recovery for $secondarydb") -Level Verbose
                        }

                        # Reset the log ship details
                        $logshipping_details = $null

                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName  = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName  = $server.InstanceName
                            SqlInstance   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database      = $secondarydb
                            RecoverResult = $recoverResult
                            Comment       = $comment
                        }

                    }
                }
            }
            Write-Progress -Activity $activity -Completed
            $stepCounter = 0
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Invoke-DbaLogShippingRecovery
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Invoke-DbaDbMirrorFailover {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Failover a mirrored database

    .DESCRIPTION
        Failover a mirrored database

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the primary SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the primary instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database or databases to mirror

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER Force
        Force Failover and allow data loss

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Mirror, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        TODO: add service accounts

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDbMirrorFailover

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbMirrorFailover -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database pubs

        Fails over the pubs database on sql2016. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database pubs | Invoke-DbaDbMirrorFailover -Force -Confirm:$false

        Forces the failover of the pubs database on sql2016 and allows data loss.
        Does not prompt for confirmation.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Database is required when SqlInstance is specified"
            return
        }

        $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            # if it's async, you have to break the mirroring and allow data loss
            # alter database set partner force_service_allow_data_loss
            # if it's sync mirroring you know it's all in sync, so you can just do alter database [dbname] set partner failover
            if ($Force) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Parent.Name, "Forcing failover of $db and allowing data loss")) {
                    $db | Set-DbaDbMirror -State ForceFailoverAndAllowDataLoss
                }
            } else {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Parent.Name, "Setting safety level to full and failing over $db to partner server")) {
                    $db | Set-DbaDbMirror -SafetyLevel Full
                    $db | Set-DbaDbMirror -State Failover
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Invoke-DbaDbMirroring {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Automates the creation of database mirrors.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Automates the creation of database mirrors.

        * Verifies that a mirror is possible
        * Sets the recovery model to Full if needed
        * If the database does not exist on mirror or witness, a backup/restore is performed
        * Sets up endpoints if necessary
        * Creates a login and grants permissions to service accounts if needed
        * Starts endpoints if needed
        * Sets up partner for mirror
        * Sets up partner for primary
        * Sets up witness if one is specified

        NOTE: If a backup / restore is performed, the backups will be left in tact on the network share.

    .PARAMETER Primary
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the primary SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER PrimarySqlCredential
        Login to the primary instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Mirror
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the mirror SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER MirrorSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Witness
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the witness SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER WitnessSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database or databases to mirror.

    .PARAMETER SharedPath
        The network share where the backups will be backed up and restored from.

        Each SQL Server service account must have access to this share.

        NOTE: If a backup / restore is performed, the backups will be left in tact on the network share.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaDatabase.

    .PARAMETER UseLastBackup
        Use the last full backup of database.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Drop and recreate the database on remote servers using fresh backup.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Mirror, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDbMirroring

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $params = @{
        >> Primary = 'sql2017a'
        >> Mirror = 'sql2017b'
        >> MirrorSqlCredential = 'sqladmin'
        >> Witness = 'sql2019'
        >> Database = 'pubs'
        >> SharedPath = '\\nas\sql\share'
        >> }
        >>
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbMirror @params

        Performs a bunch of checks to ensure the pubs database on sql2017a
        can be mirrored from sql2017a to sql2017b. Logs in to sql2019 and sql2017a
        using Windows credentials and sql2017b using a SQL credential.

        Prompts for confirmation for most changes. To avoid confirmation, use -Confirm:$false or
        use the syntax in the second example.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $params = @{
        >> Primary = 'sql2017a'
        >> Mirror = 'sql2017b'
        >> MirrorSqlCredential = 'sqladmin'
        >> Witness = 'sql2019'
        >> Database = 'pubs'
        >> SharedPath = '\\nas\sql\share'
        >> Force = $true
        >> Confirm = $false
        >> }
        >>
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbMirror @params

        Performs a bunch of checks to ensure the pubs database on sql2017a
        can be mirrored from sql2017a to sql2017b. Logs in to sql2019 and sql2017a
        using Windows credentials and sql2017b using a SQL credential.

        Drops existing pubs database on Mirror and Witness and restores them with
        a fresh backup.

        Does all the things in the decription, does not prompt for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $map = @{ 'database_data' = 'M:\Data\database_data.mdf' 'database_log' = 'L:\Log\database_log.ldf' }
        PS C:\> Get-ChildItem \\nas\seed | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2017b -FileMapping $map -NoRecovery
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2017a -Database pubs | Invoke-DbaDbMirroring -Mirror sql2017b -Confirm:$false

        Restores backups from sql2017a to a specific file struture on sql2017b then creates mirror with no prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2017a -Database pubs |
        >> Invoke-DbaDbMirroring -Mirror sql2017b -UseLastBackup -Confirm:$false

        Mirrors pubs on sql2017a to sql2017b and uses the last full and logs from sql2017a to seed. Doesn't prompt for confirmation.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Primary,
        [PSCredential]$PrimarySqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Mirror,
        [PSCredential]$MirrorSqlCredential,
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Witness,
        [PSCredential]$WitnessSqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [Alias("NetworkShare")]
        [string]$SharedPath,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$UseLastBackup,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter NetworkShare -CustomMessage "Using the parameter NetworkShare is deprecated. This parameter will be removed in version 1.0.0 or before. Use SharedPath instead."
        
        $params = $PSBoundParameters
        $null = $params.Remove('UseLastBackup')
        $null = $params.Remove('Force')
        $null = $params.Remove('Confirm')
        $null = $params.Remove('Whatif')
    }
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Primary) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Database is required when Primary is specified"
            return
        }

        if ($Force -and (-not $SharedPath -and -not $UseLastBackup)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "SharedPath or UseLastBackup is required when Force is used"
            return
        }

        if ($Primary) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $Primary -SqlCredential $PrimarySqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($primarydb in $InputObject) {
            $stepCounter = 0
            $Primary = $source = $primarydb.Parent

            try {
                $dest = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Mirror -SqlCredential $MirrorSqlCredential

                if ($Witness) {
                    $witserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Witness -SqlCredential $WitnessSqlCredential
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbName = $primarydb.Name

            Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Validating mirror setup"
            # Thanks to https://github.com/mmessano/PowerShell/blob/master/SQL-ConfigureDatabaseMirroring.ps1 for the tips

            $validation = Invoke-DbMirrorValidation @params

            if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SharedPath) -and -not $validation.AccessibleShare) {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Cannot access $SharedPath from $($dest.Name)"
            }

            if (-not $validation.EditionMatch) {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "This mirroring configuration is not supported. Because the principal server instance, $source, is $($source.EngineEdition) Edition, the mirror server instance must also be $($source.EngineEdition) Edition."
            }

            if ($validation.MirroringStatus -ne "None") {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Cannot setup mirroring on database ($dbname) due to its current mirroring state: $($primarydb.MirroringStatus)"
            }

            if ($primarydb.Status -ne "Normal") {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Cannot setup mirroring on database ($dbname) due to its current state: $($primarydb.Status)"
            }

            Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Setting recovery model for $dbName on $($source.Name) to Full"

            if ($primarydb.RecoveryModel -ne "Full") {
                if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName UseLastBackup)) {
                    Stop-Function -Continue -Message "$dbName not set to full recovery. UseLastBackup cannot be used."
                } else {
                    Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance $source -Database $primarydb.Name -RecoveryModel Full
                }
            }

            Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Copying $dbName from primary to mirror"
            if (-not $validation.DatabaseExistsOnMirror -or $Force) {
                if ($UseLastBackup) {
                    $allbackups = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $primarydb.Parent -Database $primarydb.Name -IncludeCopyOnly -Last
                } else {
                    if ($Force -or $Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$Primary", "Creating full and log backups of $primarydb on $SharedPath")) {
                        $fullbackup = $primarydb | Backup-DbaDatabase -BackupDirectory $SharedPath -Type Full
                        $logbackup = $primarydb | Backup-DbaDatabase -BackupDirectory $SharedPath -Type Log
                        $allbackups = $fullbackup, $logbackup
                    }
                }
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$Mirror", "Restoring full and log backups of $primarydb from $Primary")) {
                    foreach ($mirrorinstance in $Mirror) {
                        try {
                            $null = $allbackups | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $mirrorinstance -SqlCredential $MirrorSqlCredential -WithReplace -NoRecovery -TrustDbBackupHistory -EnableException
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $dest -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($SharedPath) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backups still exist on $SharedPath"
                }
            }

            $mirrordb = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $dest -Database $dbName

            Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Copying $dbName from primary to witness"

            if ($Witness -and (-not $validation.DatabaseExistsOnWitness -or $Force)) {
                if (-not $allbackups) {
                    if ($UseLastBackup) {
                        $allbackups = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $primarydb.Parent -Database $primarydb.Name -IncludeCopyOnly -Last
                    } else {
                        if ($Force -or $Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$Primary", "Creating full and log backups of $primarydb on $SharedPath")) {
                            $fullbackup = $primarydb | Backup-DbaDatabase -BackupDirectory $SharedPath -Type Full
                            $logbackup = $primarydb | Backup-DbaDatabase -BackupDirectory $SharedPath -Type Log
                            $allbackups = $fullbackup, $logbackup
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$Witness", "Restoring full and log backups of $primarydb from $Primary")) {
                    try {
                        $null = $allbackups | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $Witness -SqlCredential $WitnessSqlCredential -WithReplace -NoRecovery -TrustDbBackupHistory -EnableException
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $witserver -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            $primaryendpoint = Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $source | Where-Object EndpointType -eq DatabaseMirroring
            $mirrorendpoint = Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $dest | Where-Object EndpointType -eq DatabaseMirroring

            if (-not $primaryendpoint) {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Setting up endpoint for primary"
                $primaryendpoint = New-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $source -Type DatabaseMirroring -Role Partner -Name Mirroring -EncryptionAlgorithm RC4
                $null = $primaryendpoint | Stop-DbaEndpoint
                $null = $primaryendpoint | Start-DbaEndpoint
            }

            if (-not $mirrorendpoint) {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Setting up endpoint for mirror"
                $mirrorendpoint = New-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $dest -Type DatabaseMirroring -Role Partner -Name Mirroring -EncryptionAlgorithm RC4
                $null = $mirrorendpoint | Stop-DbaEndpoint
                $null = $mirrorendpoint | Start-DbaEndpoint
            }

            if ($witserver) {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Setting up endpoint for witness"
                $witnessendpoint = Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $witserver | Where-Object EndpointType -eq DatabaseMirroring
                if (-not $witnessendpoint) {
                    $witnessendpoint = New-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $witserver -Type DatabaseMirroring -Role Witness -Name Mirroring -EncryptionAlgorithm RC4
                    $null = $witnessendpoint | Stop-DbaEndpoint
                    $null = $witnessendpoint | Start-DbaEndpoint
                }
            }

            Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Granting permissions to service account"

            $serviceaccounts = $source.ServiceAccount, $dest.ServiceAccount, $witserver.ServiceAccount | Select-Object -Unique

            foreach ($account in $serviceaccounts) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("primary, mirror and witness (if specified)", "Creating login $account and granting CONNECT ON ENDPOINT")) {
                    $null = New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $source -Login $account -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                    $null = New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $dest -Login $account -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                    try {
                        $null = $source.Query("GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::$primaryendpoint TO [$account]")
                        $null = $dest.Query("GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::$mirrorendpoint TO [$account]")
                        if ($witserver) {
                            $null = New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $witserver -Login $account -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                            $witserver.Query("GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::$witnessendpoint TO [$account]")
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }

            Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Starting endpoints if necessary"
            try {
                $null = $primaryendpoint, $mirrorendpoint, $witnessendpoint | Start-DbaEndpoint -EnableException
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            try {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Setting up partner for mirror"
                $null = $mirrordb | Set-DbaDbMirror -Partner $primaryendpoint.Fqdn -EnableException
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure on mirror" -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            try {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Setting up partner for primary"
                $null = $primarydb | Set-DbaDbMirror -Partner $mirrorendpoint.Fqdn -EnableException
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure on primary" -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            try {
                if ($witnessendpoint) {
                    $null = $primarydb | Set-DbaDbMirror -Witness $witnessendpoint.Fqdn -EnableException
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure with the new last part" -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing results")) {
                $results = [pscustomobject]@{
                    Primary  = $Primary
                    Mirror   = $Mirror -join ", "
                    Witness  = $Witness
                    Database = $primarydb.Name
                    Status   = "Success"
                }
                if ($Witness) {
                    $results | Select-DefaultView -Property Primary, Mirror, Witness, Database, Status
                } else {
                    $results | Select-DefaultView -Property Primary, Mirror, Database, Status
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDbShrink {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Shrinks all files in a database. This is a command that should rarely be used.

        - Shrinks can cause severe index fragmentation (to the tune of 99%)
        - Shrinks can cause massive growth in the database's transaction log
        - Shrinks can require a lot of time and system resources to perform data movement

    .DESCRIPTION
        Shrinks all files in a database. Databases should be shrunk only when completely necessary.

        Many awesome SQL people have written about why you should not shrink your data files. Paul Randal and Kalen Delaney wrote great posts about this topic:

        http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/why-you-should-not-shrink-your-data-files
        http://sqlmag.com/sql-server/shrinking-data-files

        However, there are some cases where a database will need to be shrunk. In the event that you must shrink your database:

        1. Ensure you have plenty of space for your T-Log to grow
        2. Understand that shrinks require a lot of CPU and disk resources
        3. Consider running DBCC INDEXDEFRAG or ALTER INDEX ... REORGANIZE after the shrink is complete.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to the default instance on localhost.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER AllUserDatabases
        Run command against all user databases.

    .PARAMETER PercentFreeSpace
        Specifies how much free space to leave, defaults to 0.

    .PARAMETER ShrinkMethod
        Specifies the method that is used to shrink the database
        Default
        Data in pages located at the end of a file is moved to pages earlier in the file. Files are truncated to reflect allocated space.
        EmptyFile
        Migrates all of the data from the referenced file to other files in the same filegroup. (DataFile and LogFile objects only).
        NoTruncate
        Data in pages located at the end of a file is moved to pages earlier in the file.
        TruncateOnly
        Data distribution is not affected. Files are truncated to reflect allocated space, recovering free space at the end of any file.

    .PARAMETER StatementTimeout
        Timeout in minutes. Defaults to infinity (shrinks can take a while).

    .PARAMETER LogsOnly
        Deprecated. Use FileType instead.

    .PARAMETER FileType
        Specifies the files types that will be shrunk
        All - All Data and Log files are shrunk, using database shrink (Default)
        Data - Just the Data files are shrunk using file shrink
        Log - Just the Log files are shrunk using file shrink

    .PARAMETER StepSize
        Measured in bits - but no worries! PowerShell has a very cool way of formatting bits. Just specify something like: 1MB or 10GB. See the examples for more information.

        If specified, this will chunk a larger shrink operation into multiple smaller shrinks.
        If shrinking a file by a large amount there are benefits of doing multiple smaller chunks.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeIndexStats
        Exclude statistics about fragmentation.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeUpdateUsage
        Exclude DBCC UPDATE USAGE for database.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts for confirmation of every step. For example:

        Are you sure you want to perform this action?
        Performing the operation "Shrink database" on target "pubs on SQL2016\VNEXT".
        [Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "Y"):

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Shrink, Database
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDbShrink

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbShrink -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database Northwind,pubs,Adventureworks2014

        Shrinks Northwind, pubs and Adventureworks2014 to have as little free space as possible.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbShrink -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -PercentFreeSpace 50

        Shrinks AdventureWorks2014 to have 50% free space. So let's say AdventureWorks2014 was 1GB and it's using 100MB space. The database free space would be reduced to 50MB.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbShrink -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database AdventureWorks2014 -PercentFreeSpace 50 -FileType Data -StepSize 25MB

        Shrinks AdventureWorks2014 to have 50% free space, runs shrinks in 25MB chunks for improved performance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbShrink -SqlInstance sql2012 -AllUserDatabases

        Shrinks all databases on SQL2012 (not ideal for production)

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllUserDatabases,
        [ValidateRange(0, 99)]
        [int]$PercentFreeSpace = 0,
        [ValidateSet('Default', 'EmptyFile', 'NoTruncate', 'TruncateOnly')]
        [string]$ShrinkMethod = "Default",
        [ValidateSet('All', 'Data', 'Log')]
        [string]$FileType = "All",
        [int]$StepSize,
        [int]$StatementTimeout = 0,
        [switch]$LogsOnly,
        [switch]$ExcludeIndexStats,
        [switch]$ExcludeUpdateUsage,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($LogsOnly) {
            Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter "LogsOnly"
            $FileType = 'Log'
        }
        if (-not $Database -and -not $ExcludeDatabase -and -not $AllUserDatabases) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify databases to execute against using either -Database, -Exclude or -AllUserDatabases"
            return
        }

        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName StepSize) -and $stepsize -lt 1024) {
            Stop-Function -Message "StepSize is measured in bits. Did you mean $StepSize bits? If so, please use 1024 or above. If not, then use the PowerShell bit notation like $($StepSize)MB or $($StepSize)GB"
            return
        }

        if ($stepsize) {
            $StepSizeKB = ([dbasize]($StepSize)).Kilobyte
        }
        $StatementTimeoutSeconds = $StatementTimeout * 60

        $sql = "SELECT
                  avg(avg_fragmentation_in_percent) as [avg_fragmentation_in_percent]
                , max(avg_fragmentation_in_percent) as [max_fragmentation_in_percent]
                FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS indexstats
                WHERE indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 0 AND indexstats.page_count > 100
                GROUP BY indexstats.database_id"
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = $StatementTimeoutSeconds
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connection timeout set to $StatementTimeout"

            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object {$_.IsAccessible}

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsDatabaseSnapshot) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The database $db on server $instance is a snapshot and cannot be shrunk. Skipping database."
                    continue
                }

                $files = @()
                if ($FileType -in ('Log', 'All')) {
                    $files += $db.LogFiles
                }
                if ($FileType -in ('Data', 'All')) {
                    $files += $db.FileGroups.Files
                }

                foreach ($file in $files) {
                    $startingSize = $file.Size
                    $spaceUsed = $file.UsedSpace
                    $spaceAvailable = ($file.Size - $file.UsedSpace)
                    $desiredSpaceAvailable = [math]::ceiling((($PercentFreeSpace / 100)) * $spaceUsed)
                    $desiredFileSize = $spaceUsed + $desiredSpaceAvailable

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "File: $($file.Name)"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Initial Size (KB): $([int]$startingSize)"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Space Used (KB): $([int]$spaceUsed)"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Initial Freespace (KB): $([int]$spaceAvailable)"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Target Freespace (KB): $([int]$desiredSpaceAvailable)"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Target FileSize (KB): $([int]$desiredFileSize)"

                    if ($spaceAvailable -le $desiredSpaceAvailable) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "File size of ($startingSize) is less than or equal to the desired outcome ($desiredFileSize) for $($file.Name)"
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Shrinking from $([int]$startingSize)KB to $([int]$desiredFileSize)KB")) {
                            if ($server.VersionMajor -gt 8 -and $ExcludeIndexStats -eq $false) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting starting average fragmentation"
                                $dataRow = $server.Query($sql, $db.name)
                                $startingFrag = $dataRow.avg_fragmentation_in_percent
                                $startingTopFrag = $dataRow.max_fragmentation_in_percent
                            } else {
                                $startingTopFrag = $startingFrag = $null
                            }

                            $start = Get-Date
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Beginning shrink of files"

                                $shrinkGap = ($startingSize - $desiredFileSize)
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "ShrinkGap: $([int]$shrinkGap) KB"
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Step Size: $(([dbasize]$StepSize).Megabyte) MB"

                                if ($StepSizeKB -and ($shrinkGap -gt $stepSizeKB)) {
                                    for ($i = 1; $i -le [int](($shrinkGap) / $stepSizeKB); $i++) {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Step: $i"
                                        $shrinkSize = $startingSize - (($StepSizeKB * 1024 * 1024) * $i)
                                        if ($shrinkSize -lt $desiredFileSize) {
                                            $shrinkSize = $desiredFileSize
                                        }
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message ("Shrinking {0} to {1}" -f $file.Name, $shrinkSize)
                                        $file.Shrink(($shrinkSize / 1024), $ShrinkMethod)
                                        $file.Refresh()

                                        if ($startingSize -eq $file.Size) {
                                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message ("Unable to shrink further")
                                            break
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    $file.Shrink(($desiredFileSize / 1024), $ShrinkMethod)
                                    $file.Refresh()
                                }
                                $success = $true
                            } catch {
                                $success = $false
                                Stop-Function -message "Failure" -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                continue
                            }
                            $end = Get-Date
                            $finalFileSize = $file.Size
                            $finalSpaceAvailable = ($file.Size - $file.UsedSpace)
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Final file size: $([int]$finalFileSize) KB"
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Final file space available: $($finalSpaceAvailable) KB"

                            if ($server.VersionMajor -gt 8 -and $ExcludeIndexStats -eq $false -and $success -and $FileType -ne 'Log') {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting ending average fragmentation"
                                $dataRow = $server.Query($sql, $db.name)
                                $endingDefrag = $dataRow.avg_fragmentation_in_percent
                                $endingTopDefrag = $dataRow.max_fragmentation_in_percent
                            } else {
                                $endingTopDefrag = $endingDefrag = $null
                            }

                            $timSpan = New-TimeSpan -Start $start -End $end
                            $ts = [TimeSpan]::fromseconds($timSpan.TotalSeconds)
                            $elapsed = "{0:HH:mm:ss}" -f ([datetime]$ts.Ticks)

                            $object = [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName                = $server.ComputerName
                                InstanceName                = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance                 = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Database                    = $db.name
                                File                        = $file.name
                                Start                       = $start
                                End                         = $end
                                Elapsed                     = $elapsed
                                Success                     = $success
                                InitialSize                 = [dbasize]($startingSize * 1024)
                                InitialUsed                 = [dbasize]($spaceUsed * 1024)
                                InitialAvailable            = [dbasize]($spaceAvailable * 1024)
                                TargetAvailable             = [dbasize]($desiredSpaceAvailable * 1024)
                                FinalAvailable              = [dbasize]($finalSpaceAvailable * 1024)
                                FinalSize                   = [dbasize]($finalFileSize * 1024)
                                InitialAverageFragmentation = [math]::Round($startingFrag, 1)
                                FinalAverageFragmentation   = [math]::Round($endingDefrag, 1)
                                InitialTopFragmentation     = [math]::Round($startingTopFrag, 1)
                                FinalTopFragmentation       = [math]::Round($endingTopDefrag, 1)
                                Notes                       = "Database shrinks can cause massive index fragmentation and negatively impact performance. You should now run DBCC INDEXDEFRAG or ALTER INDEX ... REORGANIZE"
                            }
                            if ($ExcludeIndexStats) {
                                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $object -ExcludeProperty InitialAverageFragmentation, FinalAverageFragmentation, InitialTopFragmentation, FinalTopFragmentation
                            } else {
                                $object
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Invoke-DbaDatabaseShrink
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDbUpgrade {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Take a database and upgrades it to compatibility of the SQL Instance its hosted on. Based on https://thomaslarock.com/2014/06/upgrading-to-sql-server-2014-a-dozen-things-to-check/

    .DESCRIPTION
        Updates compatibility level, then runs CHECKDB with data_purity, DBCC updateusage, sp_updatestats and finally sp_refreshview against all user views.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is autopopulated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is autopopulated from the server

    .PARAMETER AllUserDatabases
        Run command against all user databases

    .PARAMETER Force
        Don't skip over databases that are already at the same level the instance is

    .PARAMETER NoCheckDb
        Skip checkdb

    .PARAMETER NoUpdateUsage
        Skip usage update

    .PARAMETER NoUpdateStats
        Skip stats update

    .PARAMETER NoRefreshView
        Skip view update

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase)

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts for confirmation of every step. For example:

        Are you sure you want to perform this action?
        Performing the operation "Update database" on target "pubs on SQL2016\VNEXT".
        [Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "Y"):

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Shrink, Database
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDbUpgrade

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbUpgrade -SqlInstance PRD-SQL-MSD01 -Database Test

        Runs the below processes against the databases
        -- Puts compatibility of database to level of SQL Instance
        -- Runs CHECKDB DATA_PURITY
        -- Runs DBCC UPDATESUSAGE
        -- Updates all users statistics
        -- Runs sp_refreshview against every view in the database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbUpgrade -SqlInstance PRD-SQL-INT01 -Database Test -NoRefreshView

        Runs the upgrade command skipping the sp_refreshview update on all views

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDbUpgrade -SqlInstance PRD-SQL-INT01 -Database Test -Force

        If database Test is already at the correct compatibility, runs every necessary step

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 | Out-GridView -Passthru | Invoke-DbaDbUpgrade

        Get only specific databases using GridView and pass those to Invoke-DbaDbUpgrade

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$NoCheckDb,
        [switch]$NoUpdateUsage,
        [switch]$NoUpdateStats,
        [switch]$NoRefreshView,
        [switch]$AllUserDatabases,
        [switch]$Force,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {

        if (Test-Bound -not 'SqlInstance', 'InputObject') {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must specify either a SQL instance or pipe a database collection"
            continue
        }

        if (Test-Bound -not 'Database', 'InputObject', 'ExcludeDatabase', 'AllUserDatabases') {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must explicitly specify a database. Use -Database, -ExcludeDatabase, -AllUserDatabases or pipe a database collection"
            continue
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = [Int32]::MaxValue
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $InputObject += $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible
        }

        $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false }
        if ($Database) {
            $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object { $_.Name -contains $Database }
        }
        if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
            $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object { $_.Name -notcontains $ExcludeDatabase }
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            # create objects to use in updates
            $server = $db.Parent
            $ServerVersion = $server.VersionMajor
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server is using Version: $ServerVersion"

            $ogcompat = $db.CompatibilityLevel
            $dbname = $db.Name
            $dbversion = switch ($db.CompatibilityLevel) {
                "Version100" { 10 } # SQL Server 2008
                "Version110" { 11 } # SQL Server 2012
                "Version120" { 12 } # SQL Server 2014
                "Version130" { 13 } # SQL Server 2016
                "Version140" { 14 } # SQL Server 2017
                default { 9 } # SQL Server 2005
            }
            if (-not $Force) {
                # skip over databases at the correct level, unless -Force
                if ($dbversion -ge $ServerVersion) {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Skipping $db because compatibility is at the correct level. Use -Force if you want to run all the additional steps"
                    continue
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $db compatibility to SQL Instance level"
            if ($dbversion -lt $ServerVersion) {
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Updating $db version on $server from $dbversion to $ServerVersion")) {
                    $Comp = $ServerVersion * 10
                    $tsqlComp = "ALTER DATABASE $db SET COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = $Comp"
                    try {
                        $db.ExecuteNonQuery($tsqlComp)
                        $comResult = $Comp
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed run Compatibility Upgrade" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                        $comResult = "Fail"
                    }
                }
            } else {
                $comResult = "No change"
            }

            if (!($NoCheckDb)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $db with DBCC CHECKDB DATA_PURITY"
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Updating $db with DBCC CHECKDB DATA_PURITY")) {
                    $tsqlCheckDB = "DBCC CHECKDB ('$dbname') WITH DATA_PURITY, NO_INFOMSGS"
                    try {
                        $db.ExecuteNonQuery($tsqlCheckDB)
                        $DataPurityResult = "Success"
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed run DBCC CHECKDB with DATA_PURITY on $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                        $DataPurityResult = "Fail"
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ignoring CHECKDB DATA_PURITY"
            }

            if (!($NoUpdateUsage)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $db with DBCC UPDATEUSAGE"
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Updating $db with DBCC UPDATEUSAGE")) {
                    $tsqlUpdateUsage = "DBCC UPDATEUSAGE ($db) WITH NO_INFOMSGS;"
                    try {
                        $db.ExecuteNonQuery($tsqlUpdateUsage)
                        $UpdateUsageResult = "Success"
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to run DBCC UPDATEUSAGE on $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                        $UpdateUsageResult = "Fail"
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ignore DBCC UPDATEUSAGE"
                $UpdateUsageResult = "Skipped"
            }

            if (!($NoUpdatestats)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $db statistics"
                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Updating $db statistics")) {
                    $tsqlStats = "EXEC sp_updatestats;"
                    try {
                        $db.ExecuteNonQuery($tsqlStats)
                        $UpdateStatsResult = "Success"
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to run sp_updatestats on $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                        $UpdateStatsResult = "Fail"
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ignoring sp_updatestats"
                $UpdateStatsResult = "Skipped"
            }

            if (!($NoRefreshView)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Refreshing $db Views"
                $dbViews = $db.Views | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
                $RefreshViewResult = "Success"
                foreach ($dbview in $dbviews) {
                    $viewName = $dbView.Name
                    $viewSchema = $dbView.Schema
                    $fullName = $viewSchema + "." + $viewName

                    $tsqlupdateView = "EXECUTE sp_refreshview N'$fullName';  "

                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Refreshing view $fullName on $db")) {
                        try {
                            $db.ExecuteNonQuery($tsqlupdateView)
                        } catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed update view $fullName on $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                            $RefreshViewResult = "Fail"
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ignore View Refreshes"
                $RefreshViewResult = "Skipped"
            }

            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Outputting object")) {
                $db.Refresh()

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName          = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName          = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance           = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database              = $db.name
                    OriginalCompatibility = $ogcompat.ToString().Replace('Version', '')
                    CurrentCompatibility  = $db.CompatibilityLevel.ToString().Replace('Version', '')
                    Compatibility         = $comResult
                    DataPurity            = $DataPurityResult
                    UpdateUsage           = $UpdateUsageResult
                    UpdateStats           = $UpdateStatsResult
                    RefreshViews          = $RefreshViewResult
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Invoke-DbaDatabaseUpgrade
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery runs the scripts provided by Glenn Berry's DMV scripts on specified servers

    .DESCRIPTION
        This is the main function of the Sql Server Diagnostic Queries related functions in dbatools.
        The diagnostic queries are developed and maintained by Glenn Berry and they can be found here along with a lot of documentation:
        http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/glenn/category/dmv-queries/

        The most recent version of the diagnostic queries are included in the dbatools module.
        But it is possible to download a newer set or a specific version to an alternative location and parse and run those scripts.
        It will run all or a selection of those scripts on one or multiple servers and return the result as a PowerShell Object

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Can be either a string or SMO server

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows alternative Windows or SQL login credentials to be used

    .PARAMETER Path
        Alternate path for the diagnostic scripts

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude

    .PARAMETER ExcludeQuery
        The Queries to exclude

    .PARAMETER UseSelectionHelper
        Provides a gridview with all the queries to choose from and will run the selection made by the user on the Sql Server instance specified.

    .PARAMETER QueryName
        Only run specific query

    .PARAMETER InstanceOnly
        Run only instance level queries

    .PARAMETER DatabaseSpecific
        Run only database level queries

    .PARAMETER ExcludeQueryTextColumn
        Use this switch to exclude the [Complete Query Text] column from relevant queries

    .PARAMETER ExcludePlanColumn
        Use this switch to exclude the [Query Plan] column from relevant queries

    .PARAMETER NoColumnParsing
        Does not parse the [Complete Query Text] and [Query Plan] columns and disregards the ExcludeQueryTextColumn and NoColumnParsing switches

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts to confirm certain actions

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command would execute, but does not actually perform the command

    .PARAMETER OutputPath
        Directory to parsed diagnostict queries to. This will split them based on server, databasename, and query.

    .PARAMETER ExportQueries
        Use this switch to export the diagnostic queries to sql files. I
        nstead of running the queries, the server will be evaluated to find the appropriate queries to run based on SQL Version.
        These sql files will then be created in the OutputDirectory

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, DMV
        Author: Andre Kamman (@AndreKamman), http://clouddba.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\>Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -SqlInstance sql2016

        Run the selection made by the user on the Sql Server instance specified.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\>Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -SqlInstance sql2016 -UseSelectionHelper | Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery -Path C:\temp\gboutput

        Provides a gridview with all the queries to choose from and will run the selection made by the user on the SQL Server instance specified.
        Then it will export the results to Export-DbaDiagnosticQuery.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -sqlinstance localhost -ExportQueries -outputpath "C:\temp\DiagnosticQueries"

        Export All Queries to Disk

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -sqlinstance localhost -DatabaseSpecific -DatabaseName 'tempdb' -ExportQueries -outputpath "C:\temp\DiagnosticQueries"

        Export Database Specific Queries for all User Dbs

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -sqlinstance localhost -DatabaseSpecific -DatabaseName 'tempdb' -ExportQueries -outputpath "C:\temp\DiagnosticQueries"

        Export Database Specific Queries For One Target Database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -sqlinstance localhost -DatabaseSpecific -DatabaseName 'tempdb' -ExportQueries -outputpath "C:\temp\DiagnosticQueries" -queryname 'Database-scoped Configurations'

        Export Database Specific Queries For One Target Database and One Specific Query

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -sqlinstance localhost -UseSelectionHelper

        Choose Queries To Export

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> [PSObject[]]$results = Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -SqlInstance localhost -whatif

        Parse the appropriate diagnostic queries by connecting to server, and instead of running them, return as [PSCustomObject[]] to work with further

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $results = Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery -SqlInstance Sql2017 -DatabaseSpecific -queryname 'Database-scoped Configurations' -databasename TestStuff

        Run diagnostic queries targeted at specific database, and only run database level queries against this database.

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [outputtype([pscustomobject[]])]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, Position = 0)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,

        [Alias('DatabaseName')]
        [object[]]$Database,

        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,

        [object[]]$ExcludeQuery,

        [Alias('Credential')]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [System.IO.FileInfo]$Path,
        [string[]]$QueryName,
        [switch]$UseSelectionHelper,
        [switch]$InstanceOnly,
        [switch]$DatabaseSpecific,
        [Switch]$ExcludeQueryTextColumn,
        [Switch]$ExcludePlanColumn,
        [Switch]$NoColumnParsing,

        [string]$OutputPath,
        [switch]$ExportQueries,

        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $ProgressId = Get-Random

        function Invoke-DiagnosticQuerySelectionHelper {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [parameter(Mandatory)]
                $ParsedScript
            )

            $ParsedScript | Select-Object QueryNr, QueryName, DBSpecific, Description | Out-GridView -Title "Diagnostic Query Overview" -OutputMode Multiple | Sort-Object QueryNr | Select-Object -ExpandProperty QueryName

        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Interpreting DMV Script Collections"

        $module = Get-Module -Name dbatools
        $base = $module.ModuleBase

        if (!$Path) {
            $Path = "$base\bin\diagnosticquery"
        }

        $scriptversions = @()
        $scriptfiles = Get-ChildItem "$Path\SQLServerDiagnosticQueries_*_*.sql"

        if (!$scriptfiles) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Diagnostic scripts not found in $Path. Using the ones within the module."

            $Path = "$base\bin\diagnosticquery"

            $scriptfiles = Get-ChildItem "$base\bin\diagnosticquery\SQLServerDiagnosticQueries_*_*.sql"
            if (!$scriptfiles) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to download scripts, do you have an internet connection? $_" -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }

        [int[]]$filesort = $null

        foreach ($file in $scriptfiles) {
            $filesort += $file.BaseName.Split("_")[2]
        }

        $currentdate = $filesort | Sort-Object -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

        foreach ($file in $scriptfiles) {
            if ($file.BaseName.Split("_")[2] -eq $currentdate) {
                $parsedscript = Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQueryScriptParser -filename $file.fullname -ExcludeQueryTextColumn:$ExcludeQueryTextColumn -ExcludePlanColumn:$ExcludePlanColumn -NoColumnParsing:$NoColumnParsing

                $newscript = [pscustomobject]@{
                    Version = $file.Basename.Split("_")[1]
                    Script  = $parsedscript
                }
                $scriptversions += $newscript
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $counter = 0
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting diagnostic query data from server: $instance"

            if ($server.VersionMinor -eq 50) {
                $version = "2008R2"
            } else {
                $version = switch ($server.VersionMajor) {
                    9 { "2005" }
                    10 { "2008" }
                    11 { "2012" }
                    12 { "2014" }
                    13 { "2016" }
                    14 { "2017" }
                }
            }

            if ($version -eq "2016" -and $server.VersionMinor -gt 5026 ) {
                $version = "2016SP2"
            }

            if ($server.DatabaseEngineType -eq "SqlAzureDatabase") {
                $version = "AzureSQLDatabase"
            }

            if (!$instanceOnly) {
                if (-not $Database) {
                    $databases = (Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -ExcludeSystem -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase).Name
                } else {
                    $databases = (Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -ExcludeSystem -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase).Name
                }
            }

            $parsedscript = $scriptversions | Where-Object -Property Version -eq $version | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Script

            if ($null -eq $first) { $first = $true }
            if ($UseSelectionHelper -and $first) {
                $QueryName = Invoke-DiagnosticQuerySelectionHelper $parsedscript
                $first = $false
                if ($QueryName.Count -eq 0) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "No query selected through SelectionHelper, halting script execution"
                    return
                }
            }

            if ($QueryName.Count -eq 0) {
                $QueryName = $parsedscript | Select-Object -ExpandProperty QueryName
            }

            if ($ExcludeQuery) {
                $QueryName = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $QueryName -DifferenceObject $ExcludeQuery | Where-Object SideIndicator -eq "<=" | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InputObject
            }

            #since some database level queries can take longer (such as fragmentation) calculate progress with database specific queries * count of databases to run against into context
            $CountOfDatabases = ($databases).Count

            if ($QueryName.Count -ne 0) {
                #if running all queries, then calculate total to run by instance queries count + (db specific count * databases to run each against)
                $countDBSpecific = @($parsedscript | Where-Object {$_.QueryName -in $QueryName -and $_.DBSpecific -eq $true}).Count
                $countInstanceSpecific = @($parsedscript | Where-Object {$_.QueryName -in $QueryName -and $_.DBSpecific -eq $false}).Count
            } else {
                #if narrowing queries to database specific, calculate total to process based on instance queries count + (db specific count * databases to run each against)
                $countDBSpecific = @($parsedscript | Where-Object DBSpecific).Count
                $countInstanceSpecific = @($parsedscript | Where-Object DBSpecific -eq $false).Count

            }
            if (!$instanceonly -and !$DatabaseSpecific -and !$QueryName) {
                $scriptcount = $countInstanceSpecific + ($countDBSpecific * $CountOfDatabases )
            } elseif ($instanceOnly) {
                $scriptcount = $countInstanceSpecific
            } elseif ($DatabaseSpecific) {
                $scriptcount = $countDBSpecific * $CountOfDatabases
            } elseif ($QueryName.Count -ne 0) {
                $scriptcount = $countInstanceSpecific + ($countDBSpecific * $CountOfDatabases )


            }
            
            foreach ($scriptpart in $parsedscript) {
                # ensure results are null with each part, otherwise duplicated information may be returned
                $result = $null
                if (($QueryName.Count -ne 0) -and ($QueryName -notcontains $scriptpart.QueryName)) { continue }
                if (!$scriptpart.DBSpecific -and !$DatabaseSpecific) {
                    if ($ExportQueries) {
                        $null = New-Item -Path $OutputPath -ItemType Directory -Force
                        $FileName = Remove-InvalidFileNameChars ('{0}.sql' -f $Scriptpart.QueryName)
                        $FullName = Join-Path $OutputPath $FileName
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message  "Creating file: $FullName"
                        $scriptPart.Text | out-file -FilePath $FullName -Encoding UTF8 -force
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, $scriptpart.QueryName)) {

                        if (-not $EnableException) {
                            $Counter++
                            Write-Progress -Id $ProgressId -ParentId 0 -Activity "Collecting diagnostic query data from $instance" -Status "Processing $counter of $scriptcount" -CurrentOperation $scriptpart.QueryName -PercentComplete (($counter / $scriptcount) * 100)
                        }

                        try {
                            $result = $server.Query($scriptpart.Text)
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processed $($scriptpart.QueryName) on $instance"
                            if (-not $result) {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                                    InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                                    SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                    Number           = $scriptpart.QueryNr
                                    Name             = $scriptpart.QueryName
                                    Description      = $scriptpart.Description
                                    DatabaseSpecific = $scriptpart.DBSpecific
                                    Database         = $null
                                    Notes            = "Empty Result for this Query"
                                    Result           = $null
                                }
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message ("Empty result for Query {0} - {1} - {2}" -f $scriptpart.QueryNr, $scriptpart.QueryName, $scriptpart.Description)
                            }
                        } catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message ('Some error has occured on Server: {0} - Script: {1}, result unavailable' -f $instance, $scriptpart.QueryName) -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                        }
                        if ($result) {
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                                InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Number           = $scriptpart.QueryNr
                                Name             = $scriptpart.QueryName
                                Description      = $scriptpart.Description
                                DatabaseSpecific = $scriptpart.DBSpecific
                                Database         = $null
                                Notes            = $null
                                #Result           = Select-DefaultView -InputObject $result -Property *
                                #Not using Select-DefaultView because excluding the fields below doesn't seem to work
                                Result           = $result | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty 'Item', 'RowError', 'RowState', 'Table', 'ItemArray', 'HasErrors'
                            }

                        }
                    } else {
                        # if running WhatIf, then return the queries that would be run as an object, not just whatif output

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Number           = $scriptpart.QueryNr
                            Name             = $scriptpart.QueryName
                            Description      = $scriptpart.Description
                            DatabaseSpecific = $scriptpart.DBSpecific
                            Database         = $null
                            Notes            = "WhatIf - Bypassed Execution"
                            Result           = $null
                        }
                    }

                } elseif ($scriptpart.DBSpecific -and !$instanceOnly) {

                    foreach ($currentdb in $databases) {
                        if ($ExportQueries) {
                            $null = New-Item -Path $OutputPath -ItemType Directory -Force
                            $FileName = Remove-InvalidFileNameChars ('{0}-{1}-{2}.sql' -f $server.DomainInstanceName, $currentDb, $Scriptpart.QueryName)
                            $FullName = Join-Path $OutputPath $FileName
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message  "Creating file: $FullName"
                            $scriptPart.Text | out-file -FilePath $FullName -encoding UTF8 -force
                            continue
                        }


                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess(('{0} ({1})' -f $instance, $currentDb), $scriptpart.QueryName)) {

                            if (-not $EnableException) {
                                $Counter++
                                Write-Progress -Id $ProgressId -ParentId 0 -Activity "Collecting diagnostic query data from $($currentDb) on $instance" -Status ('Processing {0} of {1}' -f $counter, $scriptcount) -CurrentOperation $scriptpart.QueryName -PercentComplete (($Counter / $scriptcount) * 100)
                            }

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting diagnostic query data from $($currentDb) for $($scriptpart.QueryName) on $instance"
                            try {
                                $result = $server.Query($scriptpart.Text, $currentDb)
                                if (-not $result) {
                                    [pscustomobject]@{
                                        ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                                        InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                                        SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                        Number           = $scriptpart.QueryNr
                                        Name             = $scriptpart.QueryName
                                        Description      = $scriptpart.Description
                                        DatabaseSpecific = $scriptpart.DBSpecific
                                        Database         = $currentdb
                                        Notes            = "Empty Result for this Query"
                                        Result           = $null
                                    }
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message ("Empty result for Query {0} - {1} - {2}" -f $scriptpart.QueryNr, $scriptpart.QueryName, $scriptpart.Description) -Target $scriptpart -ErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            } catch {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message ('Some error has occured on Server: {0} - Script: {1} - Database: {2}, result will not be saved' -f $instance, $scriptpart.QueryName, $currentDb) -Target $currentdb -ErrorRecord $_
                            }

                            if ($result) {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                                    InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                                    SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                    Number           = $scriptpart.QueryNr
                                    Name             = $scriptpart.QueryName
                                    Description      = $scriptpart.Description
                                    DatabaseSpecific = $scriptpart.DBSpecific
                                    Database         = $currentDb
                                    Notes            = $null
                                    #Result           = Select-DefaultView -InputObject $result -Property *
                                    #Not using Select-DefaultView because excluding the fields below doesn't seem to work
                                    Result           = $result | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty 'Item', 'RowError', 'RowState', 'Table', 'ItemArray', 'HasErrors'
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            # if running WhatIf, then return the queries that would be run as an object, not just whatif output

                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                                InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Number           = $scriptpart.QueryNr
                                Name             = $scriptpart.QueryName
                                Description      = $scriptpart.Description
                                DatabaseSpecific = $scriptpart.DBSpecific
                                Database         = $null
                                Notes            = "WhatIf - Bypassed Execution"
                                Result           = $null
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Progress -Id $ProgressId -Activity 'Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery' -Completed
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Invoke-DbaPfRelog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Pipeline-compatible wrapper for the relog command which is available on modern Windows platforms.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Pipeline-compatible wrapper for the relog command. Relog is useful for converting Windows Perfmon.

        Extracts performance counters from performance counter logs into other formats,
        such as text-TSV (for tab-delimited text), text-CSV (for comma-delimited text), binary-BIN, or SQL.

        `relog "C:\PerfLogs\Admin\System Correlation\WORKSTATIONX_20180112-000001\DataCollector01.blg" -o C:\temp\foo.csv -f tsv`

        If you find any input hangs, please send us the output so we can accommodate for it then use -Raw for an immediate solution.

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the pathname of an existing performance counter log or performance counter path. You can specify multiple input files.

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Specifies the pathname of the output file or SQL database where the counters will be written. Defaults to the same directory as the source.

    .PARAMETER Type
        The output format. Defaults to tsv. Options include tsv, csv, bin, and sql.

        For a SQL database, the output file specifies the DSN!counter_log. You can specify the database location by using the ODBC manager to configure the DSN (Database System Name).

        For more information, read here: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490958.aspx

    .PARAMETER Append
        If this switch is enabled, output will be appended to the specified file instead of overwriting. This option does not apply to SQL format where the default is always to append.

    .PARAMETER AllowClobber
        If this switch is enabled, the destination file will be overwritten if it exists.

    .PARAMETER PerformanceCounter
        Specifies the performance counter path to log.

    .PARAMETER PerformanceCounterPath
        Specifies the pathname of the text file that lists the performance counters to be included in a relog file. Use this option to list counter paths in an input file, one per line. Default setting is all counters in the original log file are relogged.

    .PARAMETER Interval
        Specifies sample intervals in "n" records. Includes every nth data point in the relog file. Default is every data point.

    .PARAMETER BeginTime
        This is is Get-Date object and we format it for you.

    .PARAMETER EndTime
        Specifies end time for copying last record from the input file. This is is Get-Date object and we format it for you.

    .PARAMETER ConfigPath
        Specifies the pathname of the settings file that contains command-line parameters.

    .PARAMETER Summary
        If this switch is enabled, the performance counters and time ranges of log files specified in the input file will be displayed.

    .PARAMETER Multithread
        If this switch is enabled, processing will be done in parallel. This may speed up large batches or large files.

    .PARAMETER AllTime
        If this switch is enabled and a datacollector or datacollectorset is passed in via the pipeline, collects all logs, not just the latest.

    .PARAMETER Raw
        If this switch is enabled, the results of the DOS command instead of Get-ChildItem will be displayed. This does not run in parallel.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts the output of Get-DbaPfDataCollector and Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet as input via the pipeline.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance, DataCollector, PerfCounter, Relog
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaPfRelog

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaPfRelog -Path C:\temp\perfmon.blg

        Creates C:\temp\perfmon.tsv from C:\temp\perfmon.blg.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaPfRelog -Path C:\temp\perfmon.blg -Destination C:\temp\a\b\c

        Creates the temp, a, and b directories if needed, then generates c.tsv (tab separated) from C:\temp\perfmon.blg.

        Returns the newly created file as a file object.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2016 | Get-DbaPfDataCollector | Invoke-DbaPfRelog -Destination C:\temp\perf

        Creates C:\temp\perf if needed, then generates computername-datacollectorname.tsv (tab separated) from the latest logs of all data collector sets on sql2016. This destination format was chosen to avoid naming conflicts with piped input.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaPfRelog -Path C:\temp\perfmon.blg -Destination C:\temp\a\b\c -Raw
        ```
        [Invoke-DbaPfRelog][21:21:35] relog "C:\temp\perfmon.blg" -f csv -o C:\temp\a\b\c

        Input
        ----------------
        File(s):
        C:\temp\perfmon.blg (Binary)

        Begin:    1/13/2018 5:13:23
        End:      1/13/2018 14:29:55
        Samples:  2227

        100.00%

        Output
        ----------------
        File:     C:\temp\a\b\c.csv

        Begin:    1/13/2018 5:13:23
        End:      1/13/2018 14:29:55
        Samples:  2227

        The command completed successfully.
        ```

        Creates the temp, a, and b directories if needed, then generates c.tsv (tab separated) from C:\temp\perfmon.blg then outputs the raw results of the relog command.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaPfRelog -Path 'C:\temp\perflog with spaces.blg' -Destination C:\temp\a\b\c -Type csv -BeginTime ((Get-Date).AddDays(-30)) -EndTime ((Get-Date).AddDays(-1))

        Creates the temp, a, and b directories if needed, then generates c.csv (comma separated) from C:\temp\perflog with spaces.blg', starts 30 days ago and ends one day ago.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet | Get-DbaPfDataCollector | Invoke-DbaPfRelog -Multithread -AllowClobber

        Relogs latest data files from all collectors within the servers listed in $servers.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollector -Collector DataCollector01 | Invoke-DbaPfRelog -AllowClobber -AllTime

        Relogs all the log files from the DataCollector01 on the local computer and allows overwrite.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("FullName")]
        [string[]]$Path,
        [string]$Destination,
        [ValidateSet("tsv", "csv", "bin", "sql")]
        [string]$Type = "tsv",
        [switch]$Append,
        [switch]$AllowClobber,
        [string[]]$PerformanceCounter,
        [string]$PerformanceCounterPath,
        [int]$Interval,
        [datetime]$BeginTime,
        [datetime]$EndTime,
        [string]$ConfigPath,
        [switch]$Summary,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Multithread,
        [switch]$AllTime,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        
        
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName BeginTime) {
            $script:beginstring = ($BeginTime -f 'M/d/yyyy hh:mm:ss' | Out-String).Trim()
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName EndTime) {
            $script:endstring = ($EndTime -f 'M/d/yyyy hh:mm:ss' | Out-String).Trim()
        }

        $allpaths = @()
        $allpaths += $Path

        # to support multithreading
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Destination) {
            $script:destinationset = $true
            $originaldestination = $Destination
        } else {
            $script:destinationset = $false
        }
    }
    process {
        if ($Append -and $Type -ne "bin") {
            Stop-Function -Message "Append can only be used with -Type bin." -Target $Path
            return
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
                # DataCollectorSet
                if ($object.OutputLocation -and $object.RemoteOutputLocation) {
                    $instance = [dbainstance]$object.ComputerName

                    if (-not $AllTime) {
                        if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $object.LatestOutputLocation -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        } else {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $object.RemoteLatestOutputLocation -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $object.OutputLocation -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        } else {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $object.RemoteOutputLocation -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        }
                    }


                    $script:perfmonobject = $true
                }
                # DataCollector
                if ($object.LatestOutputLocation -and $object.RemoteLatestOutputLocation) {
                    $instance = [dbainstance]$object.ComputerName

                    if (-not $AllTime) {
                        if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $object.LatestOutputLocation -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        } else {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path $object.RemoteLatestOutputLocation -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path (Split-Path $object.LatestOutputLocation) -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        } else {
                            $allpaths += (Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path (Split-Path $object.RemoteLatestOutputLocation) -Include *.blg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).FullName
                        }
                    }
                    $script:perfmonobject = $true
                }
            }
        }
    }

    # Gotta collect all the paths first then process them otherwise there may be duplicates
    end {
        $allpaths = $allpaths | Where-Object { $_ -match '.blg' } | Select-Object -Unique

        if (-not $allpaths) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not find matching .blg files" -Target $file -Continue
            return
        }

        $scriptblock = {
            if ($args) {
                $file = $args
            } else {
                $file = $psitem
            }
            $item = Get-ChildItem -Path $file -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

            if ($null -eq $item) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$file does not exist." -Target $file -Continue
                return
            }

            if (-not $script:destinationset -and $file -match "C\:\\.*Admin.*") {
                $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $env:COMPUTERNAME -Continue
            }

            if ($script:destinationset -eq $false -and -not $Append) {
                $Destination = Join-Path (Split-Path $file) $item.BaseName
            }

            if ($Destination -and $Destination -notmatch "\." -and -not $Append -and $script:perfmonobject) {
                # if destination is set, then it needs a different name
                if ($script:destinationset -eq $true) {
                    if ($file -match "\:") {
                        $computer = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    } else {
                        $computer = $file.Split("\")[2]
                    }
                    # Avoid naming conflicts
                    $timestamp = Get-Date -format yyyyMMddHHmmfff
                    $Destination = Join-Path $originaldestination "$computer - $($item.BaseName) - $timestamp"
                }
            }

            $params = @("`"$file`"")

            if ($Append) {
                $params += "-a"
            }

            if ($PerformanceCounter) {
                $parsedcounters = $PerformanceCounter -join " "
                $params += "-c `"$parsedcounters`""
            }

            if ($PerformanceCounterPath) {
                $params += "-cf `"$PerformanceCounterPath`""
            }

            $params += "-f $Type"

            if ($Interval) {
                $params += "-t $Interval"
            }

            if ($Destination) {
                $params += "-o `"$Destination`""
            }

            if ($script:beginstring) {
                $params += "-b $script:beginstring"
            }

            if ($script:endstring) {
                $params += "-e $script:endstring"
            }

            if ($ConfigPath) {
                $params += "-config $ConfigPath"
            }

            if ($Summary) {
                $params += "-q"
            }


            if (-not ($Destination.StartsWith("DSN"))) {
                $outputisfile = $true
            } else {
                $outputisfile = $false
            }

            if ($outputisfile) {
                if ($Destination) {
                    $dir = Split-Path $Destination
                    if (-not (Test-Path -Path $dir)) {
                        try {
                            $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $dir -ErrorAction Stop
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Destination -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    if ((Test-Path $Destination) -and -not $Append -and ((Get-Item $Destination) -isnot [System.IO.DirectoryInfo])) {
                        if ($AllowClobber) {
                            try {
                                Remove-Item -Path "$Destination" -ErrorAction Stop
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        } else {
                            if ($Type -eq "bin") {
                                Stop-Function -Message "$Destination exists. Use -AllowClobber to overwrite or -Append to append." -Continue
                            } else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "$Destination exists. Use -AllowClobber to overwrite." -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ((Test-Path "$Destination.$type") -and -not $Append) {
                        if ($AllowClobber) {
                            try {
                                Remove-Item -Path "$Destination.$type" -ErrorAction Stop
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        } else {
                            if ($Type -eq "bin") {
                                Stop-Function -Message "$("$Destination.$type") exists. Use -AllowClobber to overwrite or -Append to append." -Continue
                            } else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "$("$Destination.$type") exists. Use -AllowClobber to overwrite." -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            $arguments = ($params -join " ")

            try {
                if ($Raw) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "relog $arguments"
                    cmd /c "relog $arguments"
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "relog $arguments"
                    $scriptblock = {
                        $output = (cmd /c "relog $arguments" | Out-String).Trim()

                        if ($output -notmatch "Success") {
                            Stop-Function -Continue -Message $output.Trim("Input")
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$output"
                            $array = $output -Split [environment]::NewLine
                            $files = $array | Select-String "File:"

                            foreach ($rawfile in $files) {
                                $rawfile = $rawfile.ToString().Replace("File:", "").Trim()
                                $gcierror = $null
                                Get-ChildItem $rawfile -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable gcierror | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name RelogFile -Value $true -PassThru -ErrorAction Ignore
                                if ($gcierror) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$gcierror"
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $scriptblock
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $path
            }
        }

        if ($Multithread) {
            $allpaths | Invoke-Parallel -ImportVariables -ImportModules -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable parallelerror
            if ($parallelerror) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$parallelerror"
            }
        } else {
            foreach ($file in $allpaths) { Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $file }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Invoke-DbaQuery {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        A command to run explicit T-SQL commands or files.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function is a wrapper command around Invoke-DbaAsync, which in turn is based on Invoke-SqlCmd2.
        It was designed to be more convenient to use in a pipeline and to behave in a way consistent with the rest of our functions.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server Instance as a different user. This can be a Windows or SQL Server account. Windows users are determined by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database to select before running the query. This list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Query
        Specifies one or more queries to be run. The queries can be Transact-SQL, XQuery statements, or sqlcmd commands. Multiple queries in a single batch may be separated by a semicolon or a GO

        Escape any double quotation marks included in the string.

        Consider using bracketed identifiers such as [MyTable] instead of quoted identifiers such as "MyTable".

    .PARAMETER QueryTimeout
        Specifies the number of seconds before the queries time out.

    .PARAMETER File
        Specifies the path to one or several files to be used as the query input.

    .PARAMETER SqlObject
        Specify on or multiple SQL objects. Those will be converted to script and their scripts run on the target system(s).

    .PARAMETER As
        Specifies output type. Valid options for this parameter are 'DataSet', 'DataTable', 'DataRow', 'PSObject', and 'SingleValue'

        PSObject output introduces overhead but adds flexibility for working with results: http://powershell.org/wp/forums/topic/dealing-with-dbnull/

    .PARAMETER SqlParameters
        Specifies a hashtable of parameters for parameterized SQL queries.  http://blog.codinghorror.com/give-me-parameterized-sql-or-give-me-death/

    .PARAMETER AppendServerInstance
        If this switch is enabled, the SQL Server instance will be appended to PSObject and DataRow output.

    .PARAMETER MessagesToOutput
        Use this switch to have on the output stream messages too (e.g. PRINT statements). Output will hold the resultset too. See examples for detail

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Query
        Author: Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaQuery

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaQuery -SqlInstance server\instance -Query 'SELECT foo FROM bar'

        Runs the sql query 'SELECT foo FROM bar' against the instance 'server\instance'

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance [SERVERNAME] -Group [GROUPNAME] | Invoke-DbaQuery -Query 'SELECT foo FROM bar'

        Runs the sql query 'SELECT foo FROM bar' against all instances in the group [GROUPNAME] on the CMS [SERVERNAME]

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> "server1", "server1\nordwind", "server2" | Invoke-DbaQuery -File "C:\scripts\sql\rebuild.sql"

        Runs the sql commands stored in rebuild.sql against the instances "server1", "server1\nordwind" and "server2"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance "server1", "server1\nordwind", "server2" | Invoke-DbaQuery -File "C:\scripts\sql\rebuild.sql"

        Runs the sql commands stored in rebuild.sql against all accessible databases of the instances "server1", "server1\nordwind" and "server2"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Query")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PsCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Database,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, Position = 0, ParameterSetName = "Query")]
        [string]$Query,
        [Int32]$QueryTimeout = 600,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "File")]
        [Alias("InputFile")]
        [object[]]$File,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "SMO")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.SqlSmoObject[]]$SqlObject,
        [ValidateSet("DataSet", "DataTable", "DataRow", "PSObject", "SingleValue")]
        [string]$As = "DataRow",
        [System.Collections.IDictionary]$SqlParameters,
        [switch]$AppendServerInstance,
        [switch]$MessagesToOutput,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        $splatInvokeDbaSqlAsync = @{
            As = $As
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "SqlParameters") {
            $splatInvokeDbaSqlAsync["SqlParameters"] = $SqlParameters
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "AppendServerInstance") {
            $splatInvokeDbaSqlAsync["AppendServerInstance"] = $AppendServerInstance
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Query") {
            $splatInvokeDbaSqlAsync["Query"] = $Query
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "QueryTimeout") {
            $splatInvokeDbaSqlAsync["QueryTimeout"] = $QueryTimeout
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "MessagesToOutput") {
            $splatInvokeDbaSqlAsync["MessagesToOutput"] = $MessagesToOutput
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Verbose") {
            $splatInvokeDbaSqlAsync["Verbose"] = $Verbose
        }


        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "File") {
            $files = @()
            $temporaryFiles = @()
            $temporaryFilesCount = 0
            $temporaryFilesPrefix = (97 .. 122 | Get-Random -Count 10 | ForEach-Object { [char]$_ }) -join ''

            foreach ($item in $File) {
                if ($null -eq $item) { continue }

                $type = $item.GetType().FullName

                switch ($type) {
                    "System.IO.DirectoryInfo" {
                        if (-not $item.Exists) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Directory not found!" -Category ObjectNotFound
                            return
                        }
                        $files += ($item.GetFiles() | Where-Object Extension -EQ ".sql").FullName

                    }
                    "System.IO.FileInfo" {
                        if (-not $item.Exists) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Directory not found!" -Category ObjectNotFound
                            return
                        }

                        $files += $item.FullName
                    }
                    "System.String" {
                        $uri = [uri]$item

                        switch -regex ($uri.Scheme) {
                            "http" {
                                $tempfile = "$env:TEMP\$temporaryFilesPrefix-$temporaryFilesCount.sql"
                                try {
                                    try {
                                        Invoke-TlsWebRequest -Uri $item -OutFile $tempfile -ErrorAction Stop
                                    } catch {
                                        (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials
                                        Invoke-TlsWebRequest -Uri $item -OutFile $tempfile -ErrorAction Stop
                                    }
                                    $files += $tempfile
                                    $temporaryFilesCount++
                                    $temporaryFiles += $tempfile
                                } catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to download file $item" -ErrorRecord $_
                                    return
                                }
                            }
                            default {
                                try {
                                    $paths = Resolve-Path $item | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Path | Get-Item -ErrorAction Stop
                                } catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to resolve path: $item" -ErrorRecord $_
                                    return
                                }

                                foreach ($path in $paths) {
                                    if (-not $path.PSIsContainer) {
                                        if (([uri]$path.FullName).Scheme -ne 'file') {
                                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not resolve path $path as filesystem object"
                                            return
                                        }
                                        $files += $path.FullName
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    default {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Unkown input type: $type" -Category InvalidArgument
                        return
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "SqlObject") {
            $files = @()
            $temporaryFiles = @()
            $temporaryFilesCount = 0
            $temporaryFilesPrefix = (97 .. 122 | Get-Random -Count 10 | ForEach-Object { [char]$_ }) -join ''

            foreach ($object in $SqlObject) {
                try { $code = Export-DbaScript -InputObject $object -Passthru -EnableException }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to generate script for object $object" -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }

                try {
                    $newfile = "$env:TEMP\$temporaryFilesPrefix-$temporaryFilesCount.sql"
                    Set-Content -Value $code -Path $newfile -Force -ErrorAction Stop -Encoding UTF8
                    $files += $newfile
                    $temporaryFilesCount++
                    $temporaryFiles += $newfile
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to write sql script to temp" -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Database", "InputObject" -And) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "You can't use -Database with piped databases"
            return
        }
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "SqlInstance", "InputObject" -And) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "You can't use -SqlInstance with piped databases"
            return
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is not accessible. Skipping."
                continue
            }
            $server = $db.Parent
            $conncontext = $server.ConnectionContext
            if ($conncontext.DatabaseName -ne $db.Name) {
                $conncontext = $server.ConnectionContext.Copy()
                $conncontext.DatabaseName = $db.Name
            }
            try {
                if ($File -or $SqlObject) {
                    foreach ($item in $files) {
                        if ($null -eq $item) {continue}
                        $filePath = $(Resolve-Path -LiteralPath $item).ProviderPath
                        $QueryfromFile = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText("$filePath")
                        Invoke-DbaAsync -SQLConnection $conncontext @splatInvokeDbaSqlAsync -Query $QueryfromFile
                    }
                } else { Invoke-DbaAsync -SQLConnection $conncontext @splatInvokeDbaSqlAsync }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "[$db] Failed during execution" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }
        }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $conncontext = $server.ConnectionContext
            try {
                if ($Database -and $conncontext.DatabaseName -ne $Database) {
                    $conncontext = $server.ConnectionContext.Copy()
                    $conncontext.DatabaseName = $Database
                }
                if ($File -or $SqlObject) {
                    foreach ($item in $files) {
                        if ($null -eq $item) {continue}
                        $filePath = $(Resolve-Path -LiteralPath $item).ProviderPath
                        $QueryfromFile = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText("$filePath")
                        Invoke-DbaAsync -SQLConnection $conncontext @splatInvokeDbaSqlAsync -Query $QueryfromFile
                    }
                } else {
                    Invoke-DbaAsync -SQLConnection $conncontext @splatInvokeDbaSqlAsync
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "[$instance] Failed during execution" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }

    end {
        # Execute end even when interrupting, as only used for cleanup

        if ($temporaryFiles) {
            # Clean up temporary files that were downloaded
            foreach ($item in $temporaryFiles) {
                Remove-Item -Path $item -ErrorAction Ignore
            }
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn '1.0.0' -Alias Invoke-DbaCmd
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Invoke-DbaSqlQuery
    }
}
function Invoke-DbatoolsFormatter {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Helps formatting function files to dbatools' standards

    .DESCRIPTION
        Uses PSSA's Invoke-Formatter to format the target files and saves it without the BOM.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the ps1 file that needs to be formatted

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Formatting
        Author: Simone Bizzotto

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbatoolsFormatter

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbatoolsFormatter -Path C:\dbatools\functions\Get-DbaDatabase.ps1

        Reformats C:\dbatools\functions\Get-DbaDatabase.ps1 to dbatools' standards

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$Path,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $HasInvokeFormatter = $null -ne (Get-Command Invoke-Formatter -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Version
        if (!($HasInvokeFormatter)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You need a recent version of PSScriptAnalyzer installed"
        }
        $CBHRex = [regex]'(?smi)\s+<#[^#]*#>'
        $CBHStartRex = [regex]'(?<spaces>[ ]+)<#'
        $CBHEndRex = [regex]'(?<spaces>[ ]*)#>'
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($p in $Path) {
            try {
                $realPath = (Resolve-Path -Path $p -ErrorAction Stop).Path
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot find or resolve $p" -Continue
            }

            $content = Get-Content -Path $realPath -Raw -Encoding UTF8
            #strip ending empty lines
            $content = $content -replace "(?s)`r`n\s*$"
            try {
                $content = Invoke-Formatter -ScriptDefinition $content -Settings CodeFormattingOTBS -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning "Unable to format $p"
            }
            #match the ending indentation of CBH with the starting one, see #4373
            $CBH = $CBHRex.Match($content).Value
            if ($CBH) {
                #get starting spaces
                $startSpaces = $CBHStartRex.Match($CBH).Groups['spaces']
                if ($startSpaces) {
                    #get end
                    $newCBH = $CBHEndRex.Replace($CBH, "$startSpaces#>")
                    if ($newCBH) {
                        #replace the CBH
                        $content = $content.Replace($CBH, $newCBH)
                    }
                }
            }
            $Utf8NoBomEncoding = New-Object System.Text.UTF8Encoding $False
            $realContent = @()
            #trim whitespace lines
            foreach ($line in $content.Split("`n")) {
                $realContent += $line.TrimEnd()
            }
            [System.IO.File]::WriteAllText($realPath, ($realContent -Join "`r`n"), $Utf8NoBomEncoding)
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbatoolsRenameHelper {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Older dbatools command names have been changed. This script helps keep up.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Older dbatools command names have been changed. This script helps keep up.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A piped in object from Get-ChildItem

    .PARAMETER Encoding
        Specifies the file encoding. The default is UTF8.

        Valid values are:
        -- ASCII: Uses the encoding for the ASCII (7-bit) character set.
        -- BigEndianUnicode: Encodes in UTF-16 format using the big-endian byte order.
        -- Byte: Encodes a set of characters into a sequence of bytes.
        -- String: Uses the encoding type for a string.
        -- Unicode: Encodes in UTF-16 format using the little-endian byte order.
        -- UTF7: Encodes in UTF-7 format.
        -- UTF8: Encodes in UTF-8 format.
        -- Unknown: The encoding type is unknown or invalid. The data can be treated as binary.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command

    .NOTES
        Tags: Module
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbatoolsRenameHelper

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-ChildItem C:\temp\ps\*.ps1 -Recurse | Invoke-DbatoolsRenameHelper

        Checks to see if any ps1 file in C:\temp\ps matches an old command name.
        If so, then the command name within the text is updated and the resulting changes are written to disk in UTF-8.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-ChildItem C:\temp\ps\*.ps1 -Recurse | Invoke-DbatoolsRenameHelper -Encoding Ascii -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command would run. If the command would run and there were matches,
        the resulting changes would be written to disk as Ascii encoded.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [System.IO.FileInfo[]]$InputObject,
        [ValidateSet('ASCII', 'BigEndianUnicode', 'Byte', 'String', 'Unicode', 'UTF7', 'UTF8', 'Unknown')]
        [string]$Encoding = 'UTF8',
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $morerenames = @(
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "Invoke-Sqlcmd2"
                "Definition" = "Invoke-DbaQuery"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "UseLastBackups"
                "Definition" = "UseLastBackup"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NetworkShare"
                "Definition" = "SharedPath"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NoSystemLogins"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeSystemLogins"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NoJobSteps"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeJobSteps"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NoSystemObjects"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeSystemObjects"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NoJobs"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeJobs"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NoDatabases"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeDatabases"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NoDisabledJobs"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeDisabledJobs"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NoJobSteps"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeJobSteps"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NoSystem"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeSystemLogins"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NoSystemDb"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeSystem"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NoSystemObjects"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeSystemObjects"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NoSystemSpid"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeSystemSpids"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "NoQueryTextColumn"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeQueryTextColumn"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "ExcludeAllSystemDb"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeSystem"
            },
            @{
                "AliasName"  = "ExcludeAllUserDb"
                "Definition" = "ExcludeUser"
            }
        )

        $allrenames = $script:renames + $morerenames
    }
    process {
        foreach ($fileobject in $InputObject) {
            $file = $fileobject.FullName

            foreach ($name in $allrenames) {
                if ((Select-String -Pattern $name.AliasName -Path $file)) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($file, "Replacing $($name.AliasName) with $($name.Definition)")) {
                        $content = (Get-Content -Path $file -Raw).Replace($name.AliasName, $name.Definition).Trim()
                        Set-Content -Path $file -Encoding $Encoding -Value $content
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            Path         = $file
                            Pattern      = $name.AliasName
                            ReplacedWith = $name.Definition
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Invoke-DbaWhoIsActive {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Outputs results of Adam Machanic's sp_WhoIsActive DataTable

    .DESCRIPTION
        Output results of Adam Machanic's sp_WhoIsActive

        This command was built with Adam's permission. To read more about sp_WhoIsActive, please visit:

        Updates: http://sqlblog.com/blogs/adam_machanic/archive/tags/who+is+active/default.aspx

        Also, consider donating to Adam if you find this stored procedure helpful: http://tinyurl.com/WhoIsActiveDonate

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database where sp_WhoIsActive is installed. Defaults to master. If the sp_WhoIsActive is not installed, the command will warn and exit.

    .PARAMETER Filter
        FiltersBoth inclusive and exclusive
        Set either filter to '' to disable
        Session is a session ID, and either 0 or '' can be used to indicate "all" sessions
        All other filter types support % or _ as wildcards

    .PARAMETER FilterType
        Valid filter types are: session, program, database, login, and host

    .PARAMETER NotFilter
        FiltersBoth inclusive and exclusive
        Set either filter to '' to disable
        Session is a session ID, and either 0 or '' can be used to indicate "all" sessions
        All other filter types support % or _ as wildcards

    .PARAMETER NotFilterType
        Valid filter types are: session, program, database, login, and host

    .PARAMETER ShowOwnSpid
        Retrieve data about the calling session?

    .PARAMETER ShowSystemSpids
        Retrieve data about system sessions?

    .PARAMETER ShowSleepingSpids
        Controls how sleeping SPIDs are handled, based on the idea of levels of interest
        0 does not pull any sleeping SPIDs
        1 pulls only those sleeping SPIDs that also have an open transaction
        2 pulls all sleeping SPIDs

    .PARAMETER GetFullInnerText
        If 1, gets the full stored procedure or running batch, when available
        If 0, gets only the actual statement that is currently running in the batch or procedure

    .PARAMETER GetPlans
        Get associated query plans for running tasks, if available
        If 1, gets the plan based on the request's statement offset
        If 2, gets the entire plan based on the request's plan_handle

    .PARAMETER GetOuterCommand
        Get the associated outer ad hoc query or stored procedure call, if available

    .PARAMETER GetTransactionInfo
        Enables pulling transaction log write info and transaction duration

    .PARAMETER GetTaskInfo
        Get information on active tasks, based on three interest levels
        Level 0 does not pull any task-related information
        Level 1 is a lightweight mode that pulls the top non-CXPACKET wait, giving preference to blockers
        Level 2 pulls all available task-based metrics, including:
        number of active tasks, current wait stats, physical I/O, context switches, and blocker information

    .PARAMETER GetLocks
        Gets associated locks for each request, aggregated in an XML format

    .PARAMETER GetAverageTime
        Get average time for past runs of an active query
        (based on the combination of plan handle, sql handle, and offset)

    .PARAMETER GetAdditonalInfo
        Get additional non-performance-related information about the session or request
        text_size, language, date_format, date_first, quoted_identifier, arithabort, ansi_null_dflt_on,
        ansi_defaults, ansi_warnings, ansi_padding, ansi_nulls, concat_null_yields_null,
        transaction_isolation_level, lock_timeout, deadlock_priority, row_count, command_type

        If a SQL Agent job is running, an subnode called agent_info will be populated with some or all of
        the following: job_id, job_name, step_id, step_name, msdb_query_error (in the event of an error)

        If @get_task_info is set to 2 and a lock wait is detected, a subnode called block_info will be
        populated with some or all of the following: lock_type, database_name, object_id, file_id, hobt_id,
        applock_hash, metadata_resource, metadata_class_id, object_name, schema_name

    .PARAMETER FindBlockLeaders
        Walk the blocking chain and count the number of
        total SPIDs blocked all the way down by a given session
        Also enables task_info Level 1, if @get_task_info is set to 0

    .PARAMETER DeltaInterval
        Pull deltas on various metrics
        Interval in seconds to wait before doing the second data pull

    .PARAMETER OutputColumnList
        List of desired output columns, in desired order
        Note that the final output will be the intersection of all enabled features and all
        columns in the list. Therefore, only columns associated with enabled features will
        actually appear in the output. Likewise, removing columns from this list may effectively
        disable features, even if they are turned on

        Each element in this list must be one of the valid output column names. Names must be
        delimited by square brackets. White space, formatting, and additional characters are
        allowed, as long as the list contains exact matches of delimited valid column names.

    .PARAMETER SortOrder
        Column(s) by which to sort output, optionally with sort directions.
        Valid column choices:
        session_id, physical_io, reads, physical_reads, writes, tempdb_allocations,
        tempdb_current, CPU, context_switches, used_memory, physical_io_delta,
        reads_delta, physical_reads_delta, writes_delta, tempdb_allocations_delta,
        tempdb_current_delta, CPU_delta, context_switches_delta, used_memory_delta,
        tasks, tran_start_time, open_tran_count, blocking_session_id, blocked_session_count,
        percent_complete, host_name, login_name, database_name, start_time, login_time

        Note that column names in the list must be bracket-delimited. Commas and/or white
        space are not required.

    .PARAMETER FormatOutput
        Formats some of the output columns in a more "human readable" form
        0 disables output format
        1 formats the output for variable-width fonts
        2 formats the output for fixed-width fonts

    .PARAMETER DestinationTable
        If set to a non-blank value, the script will attempt to insert into the specified destination table. Please note that the script will not verify that the table exists, or that it has the correct schema, before doing the insert. Table can be specified in one, two, or three-part format

    .PARAMETER ReturnSchema
        If set to 1, no data collection will happen and no result set will be returned; instead,
        a CREATE TABLE statement will be returned via the @schema parameter, which will match
        the schema of the result set that would be returned by using the same collection of the
        rest of the parameters. The CREATE TABLE statement will have a placeholder token of
        <table_name> in place of an actual table name.

    .PARAMETER Schema
        If set to 1, no data collection will happen and no result set will be returned; instead,
        a CREATE TABLE statement will be returned via the @schema parameter, which will match
        the schema of the result set that would be returned by using the same collection of the
        rest of the parameters. The CREATE TABLE statement will have a placeholder token of
        <table_name> in place of an actual table name.

    .PARAMETER Help
        Help! What do I do?

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AdamMechanic, WhoIsActive, SpWhoIsActive
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaWhoIsActive

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaWhoIsActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Execute sp_whoisactive on sqlserver2014a. This command expects sp_WhoIsActive to be in the master database. Logs into the SQL Server with Windows credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaWhoIsActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $credential -Database dbatools

        Execute sp_whoisactive on sqlserver2014a. This command expects sp_WhoIsActive to be in the dbatools database. Logs into the SQL Server with SQL Authentication.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaWhoIsActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -GetAverageTime

        Similar to running sp_WhoIsActive @get_avg_time

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaWhoIsActive -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -GetOuterCommand -FindBlockLeaders

        Similar to running sp_WhoIsActive @get_outer_command = 1, @find_block_leaders = 1

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('ServerInstance', 'SqlServer')]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [object]$Database,
        [Alias('As')]
        [ValidateLength(0, 128)]
        [string]$Filter,
        [ValidateSet('Session', 'Program', 'Database', 'Login', 'Host')]
        [string]$FilterType = 'Session',
        [ValidateLength(0, 128)]
        [string]$NotFilter,
        [ValidateSet('Session', 'Program', 'Database', 'Login', 'Host')]
        [string]$NotFilterType = 'Session',
        [switch]$ShowOwnSpid,
        [switch]$ShowSystemSpids,
        [ValidateRange(0, 255)]
        [int]$ShowSleepingSpids,
        [switch]$GetFullInnerText,
        [ValidateRange(0, 255)]
        [int]$GetPlans,
        [switch]$GetOuterCommand,
        [switch]$GetTransactionInfo,
        [ValidateRange(0, 2)]
        [int]$GetTaskInfo,
        [switch]$GetLocks,
        [switch]$GetAverageTime,
        [switch]$GetAdditonalInfo,
        [switch]$FindBlockLeaders,
        [ValidateRange(0, 255)]
        [int]$DeltaInterval,
        [ValidateLength(0, 8000)]
        [string]$OutputColumnList = '[dd%][session_id][sql_text][sql_command][login_name][wait_info][tasks][tran_log%][cpu%][temp%][block%][reads%][writes%][context%][physical%][query_plan][locks][%]',
        [ValidateLength(0, 500)]
        [string]$SortOrder = '[start_time] ASC',
        [ValidateRange(0, 255)]
        [int]$FormatOutput = 1,
        [ValidateLength(0, 4000)]
        [string]$DestinationTable = '',
        [switch]$ReturnSchema,
        [string]$Schema,
        [switch]$Help,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $passedparams = $psboundparameters.Keys | Where-Object { 'Silent', 'SqlServer', 'SqlCredential', 'OutputAs', 'ServerInstance', 'SqlInstance', 'Database' -notcontains $_ }
        $localparams = $psboundparameters
    }

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
                throw "sp_WhoIsActive is only supported in SQL Server 2005 and above"
            }

            $paramdictionary = @{
                Filter             = '@filter'
                FilterType         = '@filter_type'
                NotFilter          = 'not_filter'
                NotFilterType      = '@not_filter_type'
                ShowOwnSpid        = '@show_own_spid'
                ShowSystemSpids    = '@show_system_spids'
                ShowSleepingSpids  = '@show_sleeping_spids'
                GetFullInnerText   = '@get_full_inner_text'
                GetPlans           = '@get_plans'
                GetOuterCommand    = '@get_outer_command'
                GetTransactionInfo = '@get_transaction_info'
                GetTaskInfo        = '@get_task_info'
                GetLocks           = '@get_locks '
                GetAverageTime     = '@get_avg_time'
                GetAdditonalInfo   = '@get_additional_info'
                FindBlockLeaders   = '@find_block_leaders'
                DeltaInterval      = '@delta_interval'
                OutputColumnList   = '@output_column_list'
                SortOrder          = '@sort_order'
                FormatOutput       = '@format_output '
                DestinationTable   = '@destination_table '
                ReturnSchema       = '@return_schema'
                Schema             = '@schema'
                Help               = '@help'
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting sp_whoisactive data from server: $instance"
            try {
                $sqlconnection = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
                $sqlconnection.ConnectionString = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                $sqlconnection.Open()

                if ($Database) {
                    # database is being returned as something weird. change it to string without using a method then trim.
                    $Database = "$Database"
                    $Database = $Database.Trim()
                    $sqlconnection.ChangeDatabase($Database)
                }

                $sqlcommand = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
                $sqlcommand.CommandType = "StoredProcedure"
                $sqlcommand.CommandText = "dbo.sp_WhoIsActive"
                $sqlcommand.Connection = $sqlconnection

                foreach ($param in $passedparams) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Check parameter '$param'"

                    $sqlparam = $paramdictionary[$param]

                    if ($sqlparam) {

                        $value = $localparams[$param]

                        switch ($value) {
                            $true { $value = 1 }
                            $false { $value = 0 }
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding parameter '$sqlparam' with value '$value'"
                        [Void]$sqlcommand.Parameters.AddWithValue($sqlparam, $value)
                    }
                }

                $datatable = New-Object system.Data.DataSet
                $dataadapter = New-Object system.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter($sqlcommand)
                $dataadapter.fill($datatable) | Out-Null
                $datatable.Tables.Rows
            } catch {
                if ($_.Exception.InnerException -Like "*Could not find*") {
                    Stop-Function -Message "sp_whoisactive not found, please install using Install-DbaWhoIsActive." -Continue
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Invalid query." -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Show-SqlWhoIsActive -CustomMessage "Show-SqlWhoIsActive is no longer supported. Use Invoke-DbaWhoIsActive | Out-GridView for similar results."
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Invoke-DbaXeReplay {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This command replays events from Read-DbaXEFile on one or more target servers

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command replays events from Read-DbaXEFile. It is simplistic in its approach.

        - Writes all queries to a temp sql file
        - Executes temp file using . $sqlcmd so that batches are executed properly
        - Deletes temp file

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Target SQL Server(s)

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Used to provide alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The initial starting database.

    .PARAMETER Event
        Each Response can be limited to processing specific events, while ignoring all the other ones. When this attribute is omitted, all events are processed.

    .PARAMETER Raw
        By dafault, the results of . $sqlcmd are collected, cleaned up and displayed. If you'd like to see all results immeidately, use Raw.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts the object output of Read-DbaXESession.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaXEReplay

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaXEFile -Path C:\temp\sample.xel | Invoke-DbaXeReplay -SqlInstance sql2017

        Runs all batch_text for sql_batch_completed against tempdb on sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaXEFile -Path C:\temp\sample.xel | Invoke-DbaXeReplay -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database planning -Event sql_batch_completed

        Sets the *initial* database to planning then runs only sql_batch_completed against sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaXEFile -Path C:\temp\sample.xel | Invoke-DbaXeReplay -SqlInstance sql2017, sql2016

        Runs all batch_text for sql_batch_completed against tempdb on sql2017 and sql2016.


    #>
    [Cmdletbinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PsCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$Event = @('sql_batch_completed', 'rcp_completed'),
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
        #$querycolumns = 'statement', 'batch_text'
        $timestamp = (Get-Date -Format yyyyMMddHHmm)
        $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
        $filename = "$temp\dbatools-replay-$timestamp.sql"
        Set-Content $filename -Value $null

        $sqlcmd = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\sqlcmd\sqlcmd.exe"
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        if ($InputObject.Name -notin $Event) {
            continue
        }

        if ($InputObject.statement) {
            if ($InputObject.statement -notmatch "ALTER EVENT SESSION") {
                Add-Content -Path $filename -Value $InputObject.statement
                Add-Content -Path $filename -Value "GO"
            }
        } else {
            if ($InputObject.batch_text -notmatch "ALTER EVENT SESSION") {
                Add-Content -Path $filename -Value $InputObject.batch_text
                Add-Content -Path $filename -Value "GO"
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }


            if ($Raw) {
                Write-Message -Message "Invoking XEReplay against $instance running on $($server.name) with raw output" -Level Verbose
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlCredential) {
                    . $sqlcmd -S $instance -i $filename -U $SqlCredential.Username -P $SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                    continue
                } else {
                    . $sqlcmd -S $instance -i $filename
                    continue
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Message "Invoking XEReplay against $instance running on $($server.name)" -Level Verbose
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlCredential) {
                $output = . $sqlcmd -S $instance -i $filename -U $SqlCredential.Username -P $SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
            } else {
                $output = . $sqlcmd -S $instance -i $filename
            }

            foreach ($line in $output) {
                $newline = $line.Trim()
                if ($newline -and $newline -notmatch "------------------------------------------------------------------------------------") {
                    "$newline"
                }
            }
        }
        Remove-Item -Path $filename -ErrorAction Ignore
    }
}
function Invoke-Sqlcmd2 {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Runs a T-SQL script.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Runs a T-SQL script. Invoke-Sqlcmd2 runs the whole script and only captures the first selected result set, such as the output of PRINT statements when -verbose parameter is specified.
        Parameterized queries are supported.

        Help details below borrowed from Invoke-Sqlcmd

    .PARAMETER ServerInstance
        Specifies the SQL Server instance(s) to execute the query against.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the name of the database to execute the query against. If specified, this database will be used in the ConnectionString when establishing the connection to SQL Server.

        If a SQLConnection is provided, the default database for that connection is overridden with this database.

    .PARAMETER Query
        Specifies one or more queries to be run. The queries can be Transact-SQL, XQuery statements, or sqlcmd commands. Multiple queries in a single batch may be separated by a semicolon.

        Do not specify the sqlcmd GO separator (or, use the ParseGo parameter). Escape any double quotation marks included in the string.

        Consider using bracketed identifiers such as [MyTable] instead of quoted identifiers such as "MyTable".

    .PARAMETER InputFile
        Specifies the full path to a file to be used as the query input to Invoke-Sqlcmd2. The file can contain Transact-SQL statements, XQuery statements, sqlcmd commands and scripting variables.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

        SECURITY NOTE: If you use the -Debug switch, the connectionstring including plain text password will be sent to the debug stream.

    .PARAMETER Encrypt
        If this switch is enabled, the connection to SQL Server will be made using SSL.

        This requires that the SQL Server has been set up to accept SSL requests. For information regarding setting up SSL on SQL Server, see https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189067(v=sql.105).aspx

    .PARAMETER QueryTimeout
        Specifies the number of seconds before the queries time out.

    .PARAMETER ConnectionTimeout
        Specifies the number of seconds before Invoke-Sqlcmd2 times out if it cannot successfully connect to an instance of the Database Engine. The timeout value must be an integer between 0 and 65534. If 0 is specified, connection attempts do not time out.

    .PARAMETER As
        Specifies output type. Valid options for this parameter are 'DataSet', 'DataTable', 'DataRow', 'PSObject', and 'SingleValue'

        PSObject output introduces overhead but adds flexibility for working with results: http://powershell.org/wp/forums/topic/dealing-with-dbnull/

    .PARAMETER SqlParameters
        Specifies a hashtable of parameters for parameterized SQL queries.  http://blog.codinghorror.com/give-me-parameterized-sql-or-give-me-death/

        Example:

    .PARAMETER AppendServerInstance
        If this switch is enabled, the SQL Server instance will be appended to PSObject and DataRow output.

    .PARAMETER ParseGo
        If this switch is enabled, "GO" statements will be handled automatically.
        Every "GO" will effectively run in a separate query, like if you issued multiple Invoke-SqlCmd2 commands.
        "GO"s will be recognized if they are on a single line, as this covers
        the 95% of the cases "GO" parsing is needed
        Note:
        Queries will always target that database, e.g. if you have this Query:
        USE DATABASE [dbname]
        GO
        SELECT * from sys.tables
        and you call it via
        Invoke-SqlCmd2 -ServerInstance instance -Database msdb -Query ...
        you'll get back tables from msdb, not dbname.


    .PARAMETER SQLConnection
        Specifies an existing SQLConnection object to use in connecting to SQL Server. If the connection is closed, an attempt will be made to open it.

    .INPUTS
        None
        You cannot pipe objects to Invoke-Sqlcmd2

    .OUTPUTS
        As PSObject:     System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject
        As DataRow:      System.Data.DataRow
        As DataTable:    System.Data.DataTable
        As DataSet:      System.Data.DataTableCollectionSystem.Data.DataSet
        As SingleValue:  Dependent on data type in first column.

    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance "MyComputer\MyInstance" -Query "SELECT login_time AS 'StartTime' FROM sysprocesses WHERE spid = 1"

        Connects to a named instance of the Database Engine on a computer and runs a basic T-SQL query.

        StartTime
        -----------
        2010-08-12 21:21:03.593

    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance "MyComputer\MyInstance" -InputFile "C:\MyFolder\tsqlscript.sql" | Out-File -filePath "C:\MyFolder\tsqlscript.rpt"

        Reads a file containing T-SQL statements, runs the file, and writes the output to another file.

    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-Sqlcmd2  -ServerInstance "MyComputer\MyInstance" -Query "PRINT 'hello world'" -Verbose

        Uses the PowerShell -Verbose parameter to return the message output of the PRINT command.
        VERBOSE: hello world

    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance MyServer\MyInstance -Query "SELECT ServerName, VCNumCPU FROM tblServerInfo" -as PSObject | ?{$_.VCNumCPU -gt 8}
        Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance MyServer\MyInstance -Query "SELECT ServerName, VCNumCPU FROM tblServerInfo" -as PSObject | ?{$_.VCNumCPU}

        This example uses the PSObject output type to allow more flexibility when working with results.

        If we used DataRow rather than PSObject, we would see the following behavior:
        Each row where VCNumCPU does not exist would produce an error in the first example
        Results would include rows where VCNumCPU has DBNull value in the second example

    .EXAMPLE
        'Instance1', 'Server1/Instance1', 'Server2' | Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -query "Sp_databases" -as psobject -AppendServerInstance

        This example lists databases for each instance.  It includes a column for the ServerInstance in question.
        DATABASE_NAME          DATABASE_SIZE REMARKS        ServerInstance
        -------------          ------------- -------        --------------
        REDACTED                       88320                Instance1
        master                         17920                Instance1
    ...
        msdb                          618112                Server1/Instance1
        tempdb                        563200                Server1/Instance1
    ...
        OperationsManager           20480000                Server2

    .EXAMPLE
        #Construct a query using SQL parameters
        $Query = "SELECT ServerName, VCServerClass, VCServerContact FROM tblServerInfo WHERE VCServerContact LIKE @VCServerContact AND VCServerClass LIKE @VCServerClass"

        #Run the query, specifying values for SQL parameters
        Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -ServerInstance SomeServer\NamedInstance -Database ServerDB -query $query -SqlParameters @{ VCServerContact="%cookiemonster%"; VCServerClass="Prod" }

        ServerName    VCServerClass VCServerContact
        ----------    ------------- ---------------
        SomeServer1   Prod          cookiemonster, blah
        SomeServer2   Prod          cookiemonster
        SomeServer3   Prod          blah, cookiemonster

    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-Sqlcmd2 -SQLConnection $Conn -Query "SELECT login_time AS 'StartTime' FROM sysprocesses WHERE spid = 1"

        Uses an existing SQLConnection and runs a basic T-SQL query against it

        StartTime
        -----------
        2010-08-12 21:21:03.593

    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-SqlCmd -SQLConnection $Conn -Query "SELECT ServerName FROM tblServerInfo WHERE ServerName LIKE @ServerName" -SqlParameters @{"ServerName = "c-is-hyperv-1"}

        Executes a parameterized query against the existing SQLConnection, with a collection of one parameter to be passed to the query when executed.

    .NOTES
        Changelog moved to CHANGELOG.md:

        https://github.com/sqlcollaborative/Invoke-SqlCmd2/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md

    .LINK
        https://github.com/sqlcollaborative/Invoke-SqlCmd2

    .LINK
        https://github.com/RamblingCookieMonster/PowerShell

    .FUNCTIONALITY
        SQL

#>

    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Ins-Que')]
    [OutputType([System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject], [System.Data.DataRow], [System.Data.DataTable], [System.Data.DataTableCollection], [System.Data.DataSet])]
    param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Que',
            Position = 0,
            Mandatory,
            ValueFromPipeline,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false,
            HelpMessage = 'SQL Server Instance required...')]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Fil',
            Position = 0,
            Mandatory,
            ValueFromPipeline,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false,
            HelpMessage = 'SQL Server Instance required...')]
        [Alias('Instance', 'Instances', 'ComputerName', 'Server', 'Servers', 'SqlInstance')]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string[]]$ServerInstance,
        [Parameter(Position = 1,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [string]$Database,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Que',
            Position = 2,
            Mandatory,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Con-Que',
            Position = 2,
            Mandatory,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [string]$Query,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Fil',
            Position = 2,
            Mandatory,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Con-Fil',
            Position = 2,
            Mandatory,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [ValidateScript( { Test-Path -LiteralPath $_ })]
        [string]$InputFile,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Que',
            Position = 3,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Fil',
            Position = 3,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Alias('SqlCredential')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Que',
            Position = 4,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Fil',
            Position = 4,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [switch]$Encrypt,
        [Parameter(Position = 5,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Int32]$QueryTimeout = 600,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Fil',
            Position = 6,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Ins-Que',
            Position = 6,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Int32]$ConnectionTimeout = 15,
        [Parameter(Position = 7,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [ValidateSet("DataSet", "DataTable", "DataRow", "PSObject", "SingleValue")]
        [string]$As = "DataRow",
        [Parameter(Position = 8,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [System.Collections.IDictionary]$SqlParameters,
        [Parameter(Position = 9)]
        [switch]$AppendServerInstance,
        [Parameter(Position = 10)]
        [switch]$ParseGO,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Con-Que',
            Position = 11,
            ValueFromPipeline = $false,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $false,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Con-Fil',
            Position = 11,
            ValueFromPipeline = $false,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $false,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [Alias('Connection', 'Conn')]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [System.Data.SqlClient.SQLConnection]$SQLConnection
    )

    process {
        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This command is no longer supported. Please use Invoke-DbaQuery instead."
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Join-DbaAvailabilityGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Joins a secondary replica to an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Joins a secondary replica to an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        The availability group to join.

    .PARAMETER ClusterType
        Cluster type of the Availability Group. Only supported in SQL Server 2017 and above.
        Options include: External, Wsfc or None.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piped input from Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Join-DbaAvailabilityGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql01 -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint | Join-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql02

        Joins sql02 to the SharePoint availability group on sql01

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $ag = Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql01 -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint
        PS C:\> Join-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql02 -InputObject $ag

        Joins sql02 to the SharePoint availability group on sql01

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql01 -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint | Join-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql02 -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql01 -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint | Join-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql02 -Confirm

        Prompts for confirmation then joins sql02 to the SharePoint availability group on sql01.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [ValidateSet('External', 'Wsfc', 'None')]
        [string]$ClusterType,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {

        if ($InputObject) {
            $AvailabilityGroup += $InputObject.Name
            if (-not $ClusterType) {
                $tempclustertype = ($InputObject | Select-Object -First 1).ClusterType
                if ($tempclustertype) {
                    $ClusterType = $tempclustertype
                }
            }
        }

        if (-not $AvailabilityGroup) {
            Stop-Function -Message "No availability group to add"
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($ag in $AvailabilityGroup) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Joining $ag")) {
                    try {
                        if ($ClusterType -and $server.VersionMajor -ge 14) {
                            $server.Query("ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [$ag] JOIN WITH (CLUSTER_TYPE = $ClusterType)")
                        } else {
                            $server.JoinAvailabilityGroup($ag)
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Measure-DbaBackupThroughput {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Determines how quickly SQL Server is backing up databases to media.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns backup history details for one or more databases on a SQL Server.

        Output looks like this:
        SqlInstance     : sql2016
        Database        : SharePoint_Config
        AvgThroughput   : 1.07 MB
        AvgSize         : 24.17
        AvgDuration     : 00:00:01.1000000
        MinThroughput   : 0.02 MB
        MaxThroughput   : 2.26 MB
        MinBackupDate   : 8/6/2015 10:22:01 PM
        MaxBackupDate   : 6/19/2016 12:57:45 PM
        BackupCount     : 10

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Type
        By default, this command measures the speed of Full backups. Valid options are "Full", "Log" and "Differential".

    .PARAMETER Since
        All backups taken on or after the point in time represented by this datetime object will be processed.

    .PARAMETER Last
        If this switch is enabled, only the last backup will be measured.

    .PARAMETER DeviceType
        Specifies one or more DeviceTypes to use in filtering backup sets. Valid values are "Disk", "Permanent Disk Device", "Tape", "Permanent Tape Device", "Pipe", "Permanent Pipe Device" and "Virtual Device", as well as custom integers for your own DeviceTypes.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Backup, Database
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Measure-DbaBackupThroughput

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Measure-DbaBackupThroughput -SqlInstance sql2016

        Parses every backup in msdb's backuphistory for stats on all databases.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Measure-DbaBackupThroughput -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database AdventureWorks2014

        Parses every backup in msdb's backuphistory for stats on AdventureWorks2014.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Measure-DbaBackupThroughput -SqlInstance sql2005 -Last

        Processes the last full, diff and log backups every backup for all databases on sql2005.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Measure-DbaBackupThroughput -SqlInstance sql2005 -Last -Type Log

        Processes the last log backups every backup for all databases on sql2005.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Measure-DbaBackupThroughput -SqlInstance sql2016 -Since (Get-Date).AddDays(-7) | Where-Object { $_.MinThroughput.Gigabyte -gt 1 }

        Gets backup calculations for the last week and filters results that have a minimum of 1GB throughput

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Measure-DbaBackupThroughput -SqlInstance sql2016 -Since (Get-Date).AddDays(-365) -Database bigoldb

        Gets backup calculations, limited to the last year and only the bigoldb database

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "Instance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [datetime]$Since,
        [switch]$Last,
        [ValidateSet("Full", "Log", "Differential", "File", "Differential File", "Partial Full", "Partial Differential")]
        [string]$Type = "Full",
        [string[]]$DeviceType,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            } else {
                $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Retrieving history for $db."
                $allhistory = @()

                # Splatting didn't work
                if ($since) {
                    $histories = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.name -Since $since -DeviceType $DeviceType -Type $Type
                } else {
                    $histories = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.name -Last:$last -DeviceType $DeviceType -Type $Type
                }

                foreach ($history in $histories) {
                    $timetaken = New-TimeSpan -Start $history.Start -End $history.End

                    if ($timetaken.TotalMilliseconds -eq 0) {
                        $throughput = $history.TotalSize.Megabyte
                    } else {
                        $throughput = $history.TotalSize.Megabyte / $timetaken.TotalSeconds
                    }

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $history -MemberType Noteproperty -Name MBps -value $throughput

                    $allhistory += $history | Select-Object ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, MBps, TotalSize, Start, End
                }

                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Calculating averages for $db."
                foreach ($db in ($allhistory | Sort-Object Database | Group-Object Database)) {

                    $measuremb = $db.Group.MBps | Measure-Object -Average -Minimum -Maximum
                    $measurestart = $db.Group.Start | Measure-Object -Minimum
                    $measureend = $db.Group.End | Measure-Object -Maximum
                    $measuresize = $db.Group.TotalSize.Megabyte | Measure-Object -Average
                    $avgduration = $db.Group | ForEach-Object { New-TimeSpan -Start $_.Start -End $_.End } | Measure-Object -Average TotalSeconds

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName  = $db.Group.ComputerName | Select-Object -First 1
                        InstanceName  = $db.Group.InstanceName | Select-Object -First 1
                        SqlInstance   = $db.Group.SqlInstance | Select-Object -First 1
                        Database      = $db.Name
                        AvgThroughput = [dbasize]([System.Math]::Round($measuremb.Average, 2) * 1024 * 1024)
                        AvgSize       = [dbasize]([System.Math]::Round($measuresize.Average, 2) * 1024 * 1024)
                        AvgDuration   = [dbatimespan](New-TimeSpan -Seconds $avgduration.Average)
                        MinThroughput = [dbasize]([System.Math]::Round($measuremb.Minimum, 2) * 1024 * 1024)
                        MaxThroughput = [dbasize]([System.Math]::Round($measuremb.Maximum, 2) * 1024 * 1024)
                        MinBackupDate = [dbadatetime]$measurestart.Minimum
                        MaxBackupDate = [dbadatetime]$measureend.Maximum
                        BackupCount   = $db.Count
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ComputerName, InstanceName
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Measure-DbaDiskSpaceRequirement {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Calculate the space needed to copy and possibly replace a database from one SQL server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns a file list from source and destination where source file may overwrite destination. Complex scenarios where a new file may exist is taken into account.
        This command will accept a hash object in pipeline with the following keys: Source, SourceDatabase, Destination. Using this command will provide a way to prepare before a complex migration with multiple databases from different sources and destinations.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database to copy. It MUST exist.

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER DestinationDatabase
        The database name at destination.
        May or may not be present, if unspecified it will default to the database name provided in SourceDatabase.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        The credentials to use to connect via CIM/WMI/PowerShell remoting.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, DiskSpace, Migration
        Author: Pollus Brodeur (@pollusb)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Measure-DbaDiskSpaceRequirement

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Measure-DbaDiskSpaceRequirement -Source INSTANCE1 -Database DB1 -Destination INSTANCE2

        Calculate space needed for a simple migration with one database with the same name at destination.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> @(
        >> [PSCustomObject]@{Source='SQL1';Destination='SQL2';Database='DB1'},
        >> [PSCustomObject]@{Source='SQL1';Destination='SQL2';Database='DB2'}
        >> ) | Measure-DbaDiskSpaceRequirement

        Using a PSCustomObject with 2 databases to migrate on SQL2.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-Csv -Path .\migration.csv -Delimiter "`t" | Measure-DbaDiskSpaceRequirement | Format-Table -AutoSize

        Using a CSV file. You will need to use this header line "Source<tab>Destination<tab>Database<tab>DestinationDatabase".

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $qry = "SELECT Source, Destination, Database FROM dbo.Migrations"
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaCmd -SqlInstance DBA -Database Migrations -Query $qry | Measure-DbaDiskSpaceRequirement

        Using a SQL table. We are DBA after all!

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [string]$Database,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [string]$DestinationDatabase,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $local:cacheMP = @{}
        $local:cacheDP = @{}
        function Get-MountPoint {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                $computerName,
                [PSCredential]$credential
            )
            Get-DbaCmObject -Class Win32_MountPoint -ComputerName $computerName -Credential $credential |
                Select-Object @{n = 'Mountpoint'; e = {$_.Directory.split('=')[1].Replace('"', '').Replace('\\', '\')}}
        }
        function Get-MountPointFromPath {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                $path,
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                $computerName,
                [PSCredential]$credential
            )
            if (!$cacheMP[$computerName]) {
                try {
                    $cacheMP.Add($computerName, (Get-MountPoint -computerName $computerName -credential $credential))
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "cacheMP[$computerName] is now cached"
                } catch {
                    # This way, I won't be asking again for this computer.
                    $cacheMP.Add($computerName, '?')
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $computerName. cacheMP[$computerName] = ?" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computerName -Continue
                }
            }
            if ($cacheMP[$computerName] -eq '?') {
                return '?'
            }
            foreach ($m in ($cacheMP[$computerName] | Sort-Object -Property Mountpoint -Descending)) {
                if ($path -like "$($m.Mountpoint)*") {
                    return $m.Mountpoint
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Path $path can't be found in any MountPoints of $computerName"
        }
        function Get-MountPointFromDefaultPath {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param(
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [ValidateSet('Log', 'Data')]
                $DefaultPathType,
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                $SqlInstance,
                [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
                # Could probably use the computer defined in SqlInstance but info was already available from the caller
                $computerName,
                [PSCredential]$Credential
            )
            if (!$cacheDP[$SqlInstance]) {
                try {
                    $cacheDP.Add($SqlInstance, (Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -EnableException))
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "cacheDP[$SqlInstance] is now cached"
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $SqlInstance" -Continue
                    $cacheDP.Add($SqlInstance, '?')
                    return '?'
                }
            }
            if ($cacheDP[$SqlInstance] -eq '?') {
                return '?'
            }
            if (!$computerName) {
                $computerName = $cacheDP[$SqlInstance].ComputerName
            }
            if (!$cacheMP[$computerName]) {
                try {
                    $cacheMP.Add($computerName, (Get-MountPoint -computerName $computerName -Credential $Credential))
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $computerName." -Continue
                    $cacheMP.Add($computerName, '?')
                    return '?'
                }
            }
            if ($DefaultPathType -eq 'Log') {
                $path = $cacheDP[$SqlInstance].Log
            } else {
                $path = $cacheDP[$SqlInstance].Data
            }
            foreach ($m in ($cacheMP[$computerName] | Sort-Object -Property Mountpoint -Descending)) {
                if ($path -like "$($m.Mountpoint)*") {
                    return $m.Mountpoint
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source
        }

        try {
            $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Destination
        }

        if (Test-Bound 'DestinationDatabase' -not) {
            $DestinationDatabase = $Database
        }
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$Source.[$Database] -> $Destination.[$DestinationDatabase]"

        $sourceDb = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $sourceServer -Database $Database -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        if (Test-Bound 'Database' -not) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Database [$Database] MUST exist on Source Instance $Source." -ErrorRecord $_
        }
        $sourceFiles = @($sourceDb.FileGroups.Files | Select-Object Name, FileName, Size, @{n = 'Type'; e = {'Data'}})
        $sourceFiles += @($sourceDb.LogFiles        | Select-Object Name, FileName, Size, @{n = 'Type'; e = {'Log'}})

        if ($destDb = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destServer -Database $DestinationDatabase -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential) {
            $destFiles = @($destDb.FileGroups.Files | Select-Object Name, FileName, Size, @{n = 'Type'; e = {'Data'}})
            $destFiles += @($destDb.LogFiles        | Select-Object Name, FileName, Size, @{n = 'Type'; e = {'Log'}})
            $computerName = $destDb.ComputerName
        } else {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database [$DestinationDatabase] does not exist on Destination Instance $Destination."
            $computerName = $destServer.ComputerName
        }

        foreach ($sourceFile in $sourceFiles) {
            foreach ($destFile in $destFiles) {
                if (($found = ($sourceFile.Name -eq $destFile.Name))) {
                    # Files found on both sides
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        SourceComputerName      = $sourceServer.ComputerName
                        SourceInstance          = $sourceServer.ServiceName
                        SourceSqlInstance       = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
                        DestinationComputerName = $destServer.ComputerName
                        DestinationInstance     = $destServer.ServiceName
                        DestinationSqlInstance  = $destServer.DomainInstanceName
                        SourceDatabase          = $sourceDb.Name
                        SourceLogicalName       = $sourceFile.Name
                        SourceFileName          = $sourceFile.FileName
                        SourceFileSize          = [DbaSize]($sourceFile.Size * 1000)
                        DestinationDatabase     = $destDb.Name
                        DestinationLogicalName  = $destFile.Name
                        DestinationFileName     = $destFile.FileName
                        DestinationFileSize     = [DbaSize]($destFile.Size * 1000) * -1
                        DifferenceSize          = [DbaSize]( ($sourceFile.Size * 1000) - ($destFile.Size * 1000) )
                        MountPoint              = Get-MountPointFromPath -Path $destFile.Filename -ComputerName $computerName -Credential $Credential
                        FileLocation            = 'Source and Destination'
                    } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty SourceComputerName, SourceInstance, DestinationInstance, DestinationLogicalName
                    break
                }
            }
            if (!$found) {
                # Files on source but not on destination
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    SourceComputerName      = $sourceServer.ComputerName
                    SourceInstance          = $sourceServer.ServiceName
                    SourceSqlInstance       = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
                    DestinationComputerName = $destServer.ComputerName
                    DestinationInstance     = $destServer.ServiceName
                    DestinationSqlInstance  = $destServer.DomainInstanceName
                    SourceDatabase          = $sourceDb.Name
                    SourceLogicalName       = $sourceFile.Name
                    SourceFileName          = $sourceFile.FileName
                    SourceFileSize          = [DbaSize]($sourceFile.Size * 1000)
                    DestinationDatabase     = $DestinationDatabase
                    DestinationLogicalName  = $null
                    DestinationFileName     = $null
                    DestinationFileSize     = [DbaSize]0
                    DifferenceSize          = [DbaSize]($sourceFile.Size * 1000)
                    MountPoint              = Get-MountPointFromDefaultPath -DefaultPathType $sourceFile.Type -SqlInstance $Destination `
                        -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -computerName $computerName -credential $Credential
                    FileLocation            = 'Only on Source'
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty SourceComputerName, SourceInstance, DestinationInstance, DestinationLogicalName
            }
        }
        if ($destDb) {
            # Files on destination but not on source (strange scenario but possible)
            $destFilesNotSource = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $destFiles -DifferenceObject $sourceFiles -Property Name -PassThru
            foreach ($destFileNotSource in $destFilesNotSource) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    SourceComputerName      = $sourceServer.ComputerName
                    SourceInstance          = $sourceServer.ServiceName
                    SourceSqlInstance       = $sourceServer.DomainInstanceName
                    DestinationComputerName = $destServer.ComputerName
                    DestinationInstance     = $destServer.ServiceName
                    DestinationSqlInstance  = $destServer.DomainInstanceName
                    SourceDatabaseName      = $Database
                    SourceLogicalName       = $null
                    SourceFileName          = $null
                    SourceFileSize          = [DbaSize]0
                    DestinationDatabaseName = $destDb.Name
                    DestinationLogicalName  = $destFileNotSource.Name
                    DestinationFileName     = $destFile.FileName
                    DestinationFileSize     = [DbaSize]($destFileNotSource.Size * 1000) * -1
                    DifferenceSize          = [DbaSize]($destFileNotSource.Size * 1000) * -1
                    MountPoint              = Get-MountPointFromPath -Path $destFileNotSource.Filename -ComputerName $computerName -Credential $Credential
                    FileLocation            = 'Only on Destination'
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty SourceComputerName, SourceInstance, DestinationInstance, DestinationLogicalName
            }
        }
        $DestinationDatabase = $null
    }
}
function Measure-DbatoolsImport {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays the import load times of the dbatools PowerShell module

    .DESCRIPTION
        Displays the import load times of the dbatools PowerShell module

    .NOTES
        Tags: Debug
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Measure-DbatoolsImport

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Measure-DbatoolsImport
        Displays the import load times of the dbatools PowerShell module

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Import-Module dbatools
        PS C:\> Measure-DbatoolsImport

        Displays the import load times of the dbatools PowerShell module

    #>
    [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.DebugHost]::ImportTime
}
function Mount-DbaDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Attach a SQL Server Database - aliased to Attach-DbaDatabase

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command will attach a SQL Server database.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to attach.

    .PARAMETER FileStructure
        A StringCollection object value that contains a list database files. If FileStructure is not specified, BackupHistory will be used to guess the structure.

    .PARAMETER DatabaseOwner
        Sets the database owner for the database. The sa account (or equivalent) will be used if DatabaseOwner is not specified.

    .PARAMETER AttachOption
        An AttachOptions object value that contains the attachment options. Valid options are "None", "RebuildLog", "EnableBroker", "NewBroker" and "ErrorBrokerConversations".

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Mount-DbaDatabase

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $fileStructure = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
        PS C:\> $fileStructure.Add("E:\archive\example.mdf")
        PS C:\> $filestructure.Add("E:\archive\example.ldf")
        PS C:\> $filestructure.Add("E:\archive\example.ndf")
        PS C:\> Mount-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database example -FileStructure $fileStructure

        Attaches a database named "example" to sql2016 with the files "E:\archive\example.mdf", "E:\archive\example.ldf" and "E:\archive\example.ndf". The database owner will be set to sa and the attach option is None.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Mount-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database example

        Since the FileStructure was not provided, this command will attempt to determine it based on backup history. If found, a database named example will be attached to sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Mount-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database example -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed (without actually performing the command)

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$Database,
        [System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection]$FileStructure,
        [string]$DatabaseOwner,
        [ValidateSet('None', 'RebuildLog', 'EnableBroker', 'NewBroker', 'ErrorBrokerConversations')]
        [string]$AttachOption = "None",
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (-not $server.Logins.Item($DatabaseOwner)) {
                try {
                    $DatabaseOwner = ($server.Logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
                } catch {
                    $DatabaseOwner = "sa"
                }
            }

            foreach ($db in $database) {

                if ($server.Databases[$db]) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$db is already attached to $server." -Target $db -Continue
                }

                if ($server.Databases[$db].IsSystemObject) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$db is a system database and cannot be attached using this method." -Target $db -Continue
                }

                if (-Not (Test-Bound -Parameter FileStructure)) {
                    $backuphistory = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $db -Type Full | Sort-Object End -Descending | Select-Object -First 1

                    if (-not $backuphistory) {
                        $message = "Could not enumerate backup history to automatically build FileStructure. Rerun the command and provide the filestructure parameter."
                        Stop-Function -Message $message -Target $db -Continue
                    }

                    $backupfile = $backuphistory.Path[0]
                    $filepaths = (Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance $server -FileList -Path $backupfile).PhysicalName

                    $FileStructure = New-Object System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection
                    foreach ($file in $filepaths) {
                        $exists = Test-Dbapath -SqlInstance $server -Path $file
                        if (-not $exists) {
                            $message = "Could not find the files to build the FileStructure. Rerun the command and provide the FileStructure parameter."
                            Stop-Function -Message $message -Target $file -Continue
                        }

                        $null = $FileStructure.Add($file)
                    }
                }

                If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Attaching $Database with $DatabaseOwner as database owner and $AttachOption as attachoption")) {
                    try {
                        $server.AttachDatabase($db, $FileStructure, $DatabaseOwner, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AttachOptions]::$AttachOption)

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName  = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName  = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database      = $db
                            AttachResult  = "Success"
                            AttachOption  = $AttachOption
                            FileStructure = $FileStructure
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Move-DbaCmsRegServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Moves registered servers around SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS)

    .DESCRIPTION
        Moves registered servers around SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        Specifies one or more reg servers to move. Name is the visible name in SSMS CMS interface (labeled Registered Server Name)

    .PARAMETER ServerName
        Specifies one or more reg servers to move. Server Name is the actual instance name (labeled Server Name)

    .PARAMETER NewGroup
        The new group. If no new group is specified, the default root will used

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows results from Get-DbaCmsRegServer to be piped in

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: RegisteredServer, CMS
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Move-DbaCmsRegServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Move-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2012 -Name 'Web SQL Cluster' -NewGroup HR\Prod

        Moves the registered server on sql2012 titled 'Web SQL Cluster' to the Prod group within the HR group

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2017 -Name 'Web SQL Cluster' | Move-DbaCmsRegServer -NewGroup Web

        Moves the registered server 'Web SQL Cluster' on sql2017 to the Web group, also on sql2017

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Name,
        [string[]]$ServerName,
        [string]$NewGroup,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServer[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Name) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName ServerName)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Name or ServerName must be specified when using -SqlInstance"
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Name $Name -ServerName $ServerName

        }

        foreach ($regserver in $InputObject) {
            $parentserver = Get-RegServerParent -InputObject $regserver

            if ($null -eq $parentserver) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong and it's hard to explain, sorry. This basically shouldn't happen." -Continue
            }

            $server = $parentserver.ServerConnection.SqlConnectionObject

            if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName NewGroup)) {
                $group = Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $server -Group $NewGroup

                if (-not $group) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$NewGroup not found on $server" -Continue
                }
            } else {
                $group = Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $server -Id 1
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($regserver.SqlInstance, "Moving $($regserver.Name) to $group")) {
                try {
                    $null = $parentserver.ServerConnection.ExecuteNonQuery($regserver.ScriptMove($group).GetScript())
                    Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance $server -Name $regserver.Name -ServerName $regserver.ServerName
                    $parentserver.ServerConnection.Disconnect()
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to move $($regserver.Name) to $NewGroup on $($regserver.SqlInstance)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Move-DbaRegisteredServer
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Move-DbaCmsRegServerGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Moves registered server groups around SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS).

    .DESCRIPTION
        Moves registered server groups around SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS).

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Group
        Specifies one or more groups to include from SQL Server Central Management Server.

    .PARAMETER NewGroup
        The new location.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows results from Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup to be piped in

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: RegisteredServer, CMS
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Move-DbaCmsRegServerGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Move-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sql2012 -Group HR\Development -NewGroup AD\Prod

        Moves the Development group within HR to the Prod group within AD

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sql2017 -Group HR\Development| Move-DbaCmsRegServer -NewGroup Web

        Moves the Development group within HR to the Web group

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Group,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$NewGroup,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Group)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Group must be specified when using -SqlInstance"
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Group $Group
        }

        foreach ($regservergroup in $InputObject) {
            $parentserver = Get-RegServerParent -InputObject $regservergroup

            if ($null -eq $parentserver) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong and it's hard to explain, sorry. This basically shouldn't happen." -Continue
            }

            $server = $parentserver.ServerConnection.SqlConnectionObject

            if ($NewGroup -eq 'Default') {
                $groupobject = Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $server -Id 1
            } else {
                $groupobject = Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $server -Group $NewGroup
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found $($groupobject.Name) on $($parentserver.ServerConnection.ServerName)"

            if (-not $groupobject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Group '$NewGroup' not found on $server" -Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($regservergroup.SqlInstance, "Moving $($regservergroup.Name) to $($groupobject.Name)")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Parsing $groupobject"
                    $newname = Get-RegServerGroupReverseParse $groupobject
                    $newname = "$newname\$($regservergroup.Name)"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Executing $($regservergroup.ScriptMove($groupobject).GetScript())"
                    $null = $parentserver.ServerConnection.ExecuteNonQuery($regservergroup.ScriptMove($groupobject).GetScript())
                    Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $server -Group $newname
                    $parentserver.ServerConnection.Disconnect()
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to move $($regserver.Name) to $NewGroup on $($regserver.SqlInstance)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Move-DbaRegisteredServerGroup
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        New-DbaAgentJob creates a new job

    .DESCRIPTION
        New-DbaAgentJob makes is possible to create a job in the SQL Server Agent.
        It returns an array of the job(s) created

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The name of the job. The name must be unique and cannot contain the percent (%) character.

    .PARAMETER Schedule
        Schedule to attach to job. This can be more than one schedule.

    .PARAMETER ScheduleId
        Schedule ID to attach to job. This can be more than one schedule ID.

    .PARAMETER Disabled
        Sets the status of the job to disabled. By default a job is enabled.

    .PARAMETER Description
        The description of the job.

    .PARAMETER StartStepId
        The identification number of the first step to execute for the job.

    .PARAMETER Category
        The category of the job.

    .PARAMETER OwnerLogin
        The name of the login that owns the job.

    .PARAMETER EventLogLevel
        Specifies when to place an entry in the Microsoft Windows application log for this job.
        Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
        The text value can either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER EmailLevel
        Specifies when to send an e-mail upon the completion of this job.
        Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
        The text value can either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER NetsendLevel
        Specifies when to send a network message upon the completion of this job.
        Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
        The text value can either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER PageLevel
        Specifies when to send a page upon the completion of this job.
        Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
        The text value can either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER EmailOperator
        The e-mail name of the operator to whom the e-mail is sent when EmailLevel is reached.

    .PARAMETER NetsendOperator
        The name of the operator to whom the network message is sent.

    .PARAMETER PageOperator
        The name of the operator to whom a page is sent.

    .PARAMETER DeleteLevel
        Specifies when to delete the job.
        Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
        The text value can either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, JobStep
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaAgentJob

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job 'Job One' -Description 'Just another job'

        Creates a job with the name "Job1" and a small description

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job 'Job One' -Disabled

        Creates the job but sets it to disabled

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job 'Job One' -EventLogLevel OnSuccess

        Creates the job and sets the notification to write to the Windows Application event log on success

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance SSTAD-PC -Job 'Job One' -EmailLevel OnFailure -EmailOperator dba

        Creates the job and sets the notification to send an e-mail to the e-mail operator

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job 'Job One' -Description 'Just another job' -Whatif

        Doesn't create the job but shows what would happen.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job 'Job One'

        Creates a job with the name "Job One" on multiple servers

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> "sql1", "sql2", "sql3" | New-DbaAgentJob -Job 'Job One'

        Creates a job with the name "Job One" on multiple servers using the pipe line

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$Job,
        [object[]]$Schedule,
        [int[]]$ScheduleId,
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [string]$Description,
        [int]$StartStepId,
        [string]$Category,
        [string]$OwnerLogin,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$EventLogLevel,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$EmailLevel,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [Parameter()]
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$PageLevel,
        [string]$EmailOperator,
        [string]$NetsendOperator,
        [string]$PageOperator,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$DeleteLevel,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        # Check of the event log level is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($EventLogLevel -notin 1, 2, 3) {
            $EventLogLevel = switch ($EventLogLevel) {
                "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 }
                default { 0 }
            }
        }

        # Check of the email level is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($EmailLevel -notin 1, 2, 3) {
            $EmailLevel = switch ($EmailLevel) {
                "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 }
                default { 0 }
            }
        }

        # Check of the net send level is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($NetsendLevel -notin 1, 2, 3) {
            $NetsendLevel = switch ($NetsendLevel) {
                "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 }
                default { 0 }
            }
        }

        # Check of the page level is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($PageLevel -notin 1, 2, 3) {
            $PageLevel = switch ($PageLevel) {
                "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 }
                default { 0 }
            }
        }

        # Check of the delete level is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($DeleteLevel -notin 1, 2, 3) {
            $DeleteLevel = switch ($DeleteLevel) {
                "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 }
                default { 0 }
            }
        }

        # Check the e-mail operator name
        if (($EmailLevel -ge 1) -and (-not $EmailOperator)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please set the e-mail operator when the e-mail level parameter is set." -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }

        # Check the e-mail operator name
        if (($NetsendLevel -ge 1) -and (-not $NetsendOperator)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please set the netsend operator when the netsend level parameter is set." -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }

        # Check the e-mail operator name
        if (($PageLevel -ge 1) -and (-not $PageOperator)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please set the page operator when the page level parameter is set." -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Check if the job already exists
            if (-not $Force -and ($server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -contains $Job)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Job $Job already exists on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
            } elseif ($Force -and ($server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -contains $Job)) {
                Write-Message -Message "Job $Job already exists on $instance. Removing.." -Level Verbose

                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Removing the job $Job on $instance")) {
                    try {
                        Remove-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -Job $Job -EnableException
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't remove job $Job from $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }

            }

            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating the job on $instance")) {
                # Create the job object
                try {
                    $currentjob = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job($server.JobServer, $Job)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the job. `n" -Target $Job -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                }

                #region job options
                # Settings the options for the job
                if ($Disabled) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job to disabled" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.IsEnabled = $false
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job to enabled" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.IsEnabled = $true
                }

                if ($Description.Length -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job description" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.Description = $Description
                }

                if ($StartStepId -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job start step id" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.StartStepID = $StartStepId
                }

                if ($Category.Length -ge 1) {
                    # Check if the job category exists
                    if ($Category -notin $server.JobServer.JobCategories.Name) {
                        if ($Force) {
                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating job category on $instance")) {
                                try {
                                    # Create the category
                                    New-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance $instance -Category $Category
                                } catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't create job category $Category from $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Job category $Category doesn't exist on $instance. Use -Force to create it." -Target $instance
                            return
                        }
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job category" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.Category = $Category
                    }
                }

                if ($OwnerLogin.Length -ge 1) {
                    # Check if the login name is present on the instance
                    if ($server.Logins.Name -contains $OwnerLogin) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job owner login name to $OwnerLogin" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.OwnerLoginName = $OwnerLogin
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "The owner $OwnerLogin does not exist on instance $instance" -Target $Job -Continue
                    }
                }

                if ($EventLogLevel -ge 0) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job event log level" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.EventLogLevel = $EventLogLevel
                }

                if ($EmailOperator) {
                    if ($EmailLevel -ge 1) {
                        # Check if the operator name is present
                        if ($server.JobServer.Operators.Name -contains $EmailOperator) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job e-mail level" -Level Verbose
                            $currentjob.EmailLevel = $EmailLevel

                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job e-mail operator" -Level Verbose
                            $currentjob.OperatorToEmail = $EmailOperator
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The e-mail operator name $EmailOperator does not exist on instance $instance. Exiting.." -Target $Job -Continue
                        }
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Invalid combination of e-mail operator name $EmailOperator and email level $EmailLevel. Not setting the notification." -Target $Job -Continue
                    }
                }

                if ($NetsendOperator) {
                    if ($NetsendLevel -ge 1) {
                        # Check if the operator name is present
                        if ($server.JobServer.Operators.Name -contains $NetsendOperator) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job netsend level" -Level Verbose
                            $currentjob.NetSendLevel = $NetsendLevel

                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job netsend operator" -Level Verbose
                            $currentjob.OperatorToNetSend = $NetsendOperator
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The netsend operator name $NetsendOperator does not exist on instance $instance. Exiting.." -Target $Job -Continue
                        }
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Message "Invalid combination of netsend operator name $NetsendOperator and netsend level $NetsendLevel. Not setting the notification."
                    }
                }

                if ($PageOperator) {
                    if ($PageLevel -ge 1) {
                        # Check if the operator name is present
                        if ($server.JobServer.Operators.Name -contains $PageOperator) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job pager level" -Level Verbose
                            $currentjob.PageLevel = $PageLevel

                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job pager operator" -Level Verbose
                            $currentjob.OperatorToPage = $PageOperator
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The page operator name $PageOperator does not exist on instance $instance. Exiting.." -Target $Job -Continue
                        }
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Message "Invalid combination of page operator name $PageOperator and page level $PageLevel. Not setting the notification." -Level Warning
                    }
                }

                if ($DeleteLevel -ge 0) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job delete level" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.DeleteLevel = $DeleteLevel
                }
                #endregion job options

                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Creating the job" -Level Verbose

                    # Create the job
                    $currentjob.Create()

                    Write-Message -Message "Job created with UID $($currentjob.JobID)" -Level Verbose

                    # Make sure the target is set for the job
                    Write-Message -Message "Applying the target (local) to job $Job" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.ApplyToTargetServer("(local)")

                    # If a schedule needs to be attached
                    if ($Schedule) {
                        Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -Job $currentjob -Schedule $Schedule -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                    }

                    if ($ScheduleId) {
                        Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $instance -Job $currentjob -ScheduleId $ScheduleId -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the job" -Target $currentjob -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            # Return the job
            return $currentjob
        }
    }

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished creating job(s)." -Level Verbose
    }

}
function New-DbaAgentJobCategory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        New-DbaAgentJobCategory creates a new job category.

    .DESCRIPTION
        New-DbaAgentJobCategory makes it possible to create a job category that can be used with jobs.
        It returns an array of the job(s) created .

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Category
        The name of the category

    .PARAMETER CategoryType
        The type of category. This can be "LocalJob", "MultiServerJob" or "None".
        The default is "LocalJob" and will automatically be set when no option is chosen.

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, JobCategory
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaAgentJobCategory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1 -Category 'Category 1'

        Creates a new job category with the name 'Category 1'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1 -Category 'Category 2' -CategoryType MultiServerJob

        Creates a new job category with the name 'Category 2' and assign the category type for a multi server job.

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string[]]$Category,
        [ValidateSet("LocalJob", "MultiServerJob", "None")]
        [string]$CategoryType,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Check the category type
        if (-not $CategoryType) {
            # Setting category type to default
            Write-Message -Message "Setting the category type to 'LocalJob'" -Level Verbose
            $CategoryType = "LocalJob"
        }
    }

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($cat in $Category) {
                # Check if the category already exists
                if ($cat -in $server.JobServer.JobCategories.Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Job category $cat already exists on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                } else {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding the job category $cat")) {
                        try {
                            $jobcategory = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobCategory($server.JobServer, $cat)
                            $jobcategory.CategoryType = $CategoryType

                            $jobcategory.Create()

                            $server.JobServer.Refresh()
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the job category $cat on $instance" -Target $cat -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                        }

                    } # if should process

                } # end else category exists

                # Return the job category
                Get-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance $instance -Category $cat

            } # for each category

        } # for each instance
    }

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished creating job category." -Level Verbose
    }

}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaAgentJobStep {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        New-DbaAgentJobStep creates a new job step for a job

    .DESCRIPTION
        New-DbaAgentJobStep creates a new job in the SQL Server Agent for a specific job

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The name of the job to which to add the step.

    .PARAMETER StepId
        The sequence identification number for the job step. Step identification numbers start at 1 and increment without gaps.

    .PARAMETER StepName
        The name of the step.

    .PARAMETER SubSystem
        The subsystem used by the SQL Server Agent service to execute command.
        Allowed values 'ActiveScripting','AnalysisCommand','AnalysisQuery','CmdExec','Distribution','LogReader','Merge','PowerShell','QueueReader','Snapshot','Ssis','TransactSql'
        The default is 'TransactSql'

    .PARAMETER SubSystemServer
        The subsystems AnalysisScripting, AnalysisCommand, AnalysisQuery ned the server property to be able to apply

    .PARAMETER Command
        The commands to be executed by SQLServerAgent service through subsystem.

    .PARAMETER CmdExecSuccessCode
        The value returned by a CmdExec subsystem command to indicate that command executed successfully.

    .PARAMETER OnSuccessAction
        The action to perform if the step succeeds.
        Allowed values  "QuitWithSuccess" (default), "QuitWithFailure", "GoToNextStep", "GoToStep".
        The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER OnSuccessStepId
        The ID of the step in this job to execute if the step succeeds and OnSuccessAction is "GoToStep".

    .PARAMETER OnFailAction
        The action to perform if the step fails.
        Allowed values  "QuitWithSuccess" (default), "QuitWithFailure", "GoToNextStep", "GoToStep".
        The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER OnFailStepId
        The ID of the step in this job to execute if the step fails and OnFailAction is "GoToStep".

    .PARAMETER Database
        The name of the database in which to execute a Transact-SQL step. The default is 'master'.

    .PARAMETER DatabaseUser
        The name of the user account to use when executing a Transact-SQL step.

    .PARAMETER RetryAttempts
        The number of retry attempts to use if this step fails. The default is 0.

    .PARAMETER RetryInterval
        The amount of time in minutes between retry attempts. The default is 0.

    .PARAMETER OutputFileName
        The name of the file in which the output of this step is saved.

    .PARAMETER Flag
        Sets the flag(s) for the job step.

        Flag                                    Description
        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        AppendAllCmdExecOutputToJobHistory      Job history, including command output, is appended to the job history file.
        AppendToJobHistory                      Job history is appended to the job history file.
        AppendToLogFile                         Job history is appended to the SQL Server log file.
        AppendToTableLog                        Job history is appended to a log table.
        LogToTableWithOverwrite                 Job history is written to a log table, overwriting previous contents.
        None                                    Job history is not appended to a file.
        ProvideStopProcessEvent                 Job processing is stopped.

    .PARAMETER ProxyName
        The name of the proxy that the job step runs as.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, JobStep
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaAgentJobStep

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1

        Create a step in "Job1" with the name Step1 with the default subsystem TransactSql.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb

        Create a step in "Job1" with the name Step1 where the database will the msdb

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb

        Create a step in "Job1" with the name Step1 where the database will the "msdb" for multiple servers

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1, Job2, 'Job Three' -StepName Step1 -Database msdb

        Create a step in "Job1" with the name Step1 where the database will the "msdb" for multiple servers for multiple jobs

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> sql1, sql2, sql3 | New-DbaAgentJobStep -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb

        Create a step in "Job1" with the name Step1 where the database will the "msdb" for multiple servers using pipeline

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [int]$StepId,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$StepName,
        [ValidateSet('ActiveScripting', 'AnalysisCommand', 'AnalysisQuery', 'CmdExec', 'Distribution', 'LogReader', 'Merge', 'PowerShell', 'QueueReader', 'Snapshot', 'Ssis', 'TransactSql')]
        [string]$Subsystem = 'TransactSql',
        [string]$SubsystemServer,
        [string]$Command,
        [int]$CmdExecSuccessCode,
        [ValidateSet('QuitWithSuccess', 'QuitWithFailure', 'GoToNextStep', 'GoToStep')]
        [string]$OnSuccessAction = 'QuitWithSuccess',
        [int]$OnSuccessStepId = 0,
        [ValidateSet('QuitWithSuccess', 'QuitWithFailure', 'GoToNextStep', 'GoToStep')]
        [string]$OnFailAction = 'QuitWithFailure',
        [int]$OnFailStepId = 0,
        [object]$Database,
        [string]$DatabaseUser,
        [int]$RetryAttempts,
        [int]$RetryInterval,
        [string]$OutputFileName,
        [ValidateSet('AppendAllCmdExecOutputToJobHistory', 'AppendToJobHistory', 'AppendToLogFile', 'LogToTableWithOverwrite', 'None', 'ProvideStopProcessEvent')]
        [string[]]$Flag,
        [string]$ProxyName,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Check the parameter on success step id
        if (($OnSuccessAction -ne 'GoToStep') -and ($OnSuccessStepId -ge 1)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Parameter OnSuccessStepId can only be used with OnSuccessAction 'GoToStep'." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the parameter on fail step id
        if (($OnFailAction -ne 'GoToStep') -and ($OnFailStepId -ge 1)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Parameter OnFailStepId can only be used with OnFailAction 'GoToStep'." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        if ($Subsystem -in 'AnalysisScripting', 'AnalysisCommand', 'AnalysisQuery') {
            if (-not $SubsystemServer) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Please enter the server value using -SubSystemServer for subsystem $Subsystem." -Target $Subsystem
                return
            }
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($j in $Job) {

                # Check if the job exists
                if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance" -Level Warning
                } else {
                    # Create the job step object
                    try {
                        # Get the job
                        $currentjob = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j]

                        # Create the job step
                        $JobStep = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobStep

                        # Set the job where the job steps belongs to
                        $JobStep.Parent = $currentjob
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the job step" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }

                    #region job step options
                    # Setting the options for the job step
                    if ($StepName) {
                        # Check if the step already exists
                        if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps.Name -notcontains $StepName) {
                            $JobStep.Name = $StepName
                        } elseif (($Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps.Name -contains $StepName) -and $Force) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Step $StepName already exists for job. Force is used. Removing existing step" -Level Verbose

                            # Remove the job step based on the name
                            Remove-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance $instance -Job $currentjob -StepName $StepName -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

                            # Set the name job step object
                            $JobStep.Name = $StepName
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The step name $StepName already exists for job $j" -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    # If the step id need to be set
                    if ($StepId) {
                        # Check if the used step id is already in place
                        if ($Job.JobSteps.ID -notcontains $StepId) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step step id to $StepId" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.ID = $StepId
                        } elseif (($Job.JobSteps.ID -contains $StepId) -and $Force) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Step ID $StepId already exists for job. Force is used. Removing existing step" -Level Verbose

                            # Remove the existing job step
                            $StepName = ($Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps | Where-Object {$_.ID -eq 1}).Name
                            Remove-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance $instance -Job $currentjob -StepName $StepName -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

                            # Set the ID job step object
                            $JobStep.ID = $StepId
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The step id $StepId already exists for job $j" -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    } else {
                        # Get the job step count
                        $JobStep.ID = $Job.JobSteps.Count + 1
                    }

                    if ($Subsystem) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step subsystem to $Subsystem" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.Subsystem = $Subsystem
                    }

                    if ($SubsystemServer) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step subsystem server to $SubsystemServer" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.Server = $SubsystemServer
                    }

                    if ($Command) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step command to $Command" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.Command = $Command
                    }

                    if ($CmdExecSuccessCode) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step command exec success code to $CmdExecSuccessCode" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.CommandExecutionSuccessCode = $CmdExecSuccessCode
                    }

                    if ($OnSuccessAction) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step success action to $OnSuccessAction" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.OnSuccessAction = $OnSuccessAction
                    }

                    if ($OnSuccessStepId) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step success step id to $OnSuccessStepId" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.OnSuccessStep = $OnSuccessStepId
                    }

                    if ($OnFailAction) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step fail action to $OnFailAction" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.OnFailAction = $OnFailAction
                    }

                    if ($OnFailStepId) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step fail step id to $OnFailStepId" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.OnFailStep = $OnFailStepId
                    }

                    if ($Database) {
                        # Check if the database is present on the server
                        if ($Server.Databases.Name -contains $Database) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step database name to $Database" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.DatabaseName = $Database
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The database is not present on instance $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    if ($DatabaseUser -and $DatabaseName) {
                        # Check if the username is present in the database
                        if ($Server.Databases[$DatabaseName].Users.Name -contains $DatabaseUser) {

                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step database username to $DatabaseUser" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.DatabaseUserName = $DatabaseUser
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The database user is not present in the database $DatabaseName on instance $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    if ($RetryAttempts) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step retry attempts to $RetryAttempts" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.RetryAttempts = $RetryAttempts
                    }

                    if ($RetryInterval) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step retry interval to $RetryInterval" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.RetryInterval = $RetryInterval
                    }

                    if ($OutputFileName) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step output file name to $OutputFileName" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.OutputFileName = $OutputFileName
                    }

                    if ($ProxyName) {
                        # Check if the proxy exists
                        if ($Server.JobServer.ProxyAccounts.Name -contains $ProxyName) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step proxy name to $ProxyName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.ProxyName = $ProxyName
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The proxy name $ProxyName doesn't exist on instance $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    if ($Flag.Count -ge 1) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job step flag(s) to $($Flags -join ',')" -Level Verbose
                        $JobStep.JobStepFlags = $Flag
                    }
                    #endregion job step options

                    # Execute
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating the job step $StepName")) {
                        try {
                            Write-Message -Message "Creating the job step" -Level Verbose

                            # Create the job step
                            $JobStep.Create()
                            $currentjob.Alter()
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the job step" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    # Return the job step
                    $JobStep
                }
            } # foreach object job
        } # foreach object instance
    } # process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished creating job step(s)" -Level Verbose
    }
}
function New-DbaAgentProxy {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Adds one or more proxies to SQL Server Agent

    .DESCRIPTION
        Adds one or more proxies to SQL Server Agent

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the proxy or proxies you want to create

    .PARAMETER ProxyCredential
        The associated SQL Server Credential. The credential must be created prior to creating the Proxy.

    .PARAMETER SubSystem
        The associated subsystem or subsystems. Defaults to CmdExec.

        Valid options include:
        ActiveScripting
        AnalysisCommand
        AnalysisQuery
        CmdExec
        Distribution
        LogReader
        Merge
        PowerShell
        QueueReader
        Snapshot
        Ssis
        TransactSql

    .PARAMETER Description
        A description of the proxy

    .PARAMETER Login
        The SQL Server login or logins (known as proxy principals) to assign to the proxy

    .PARAMETER ServerRole
        The SQL Server role or roles (known as proxy principals) to assign to the proxy

    .PARAMETER MsdbRole
        The msdb role or roles (known as proxy principals) to assign to the proxy

    .PARAMETER Disabled
        Create the proxy as disabled

    .PARAMETER Force
        Drop and recreate the proxy if it already exists

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Proxy
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaAgentProxy

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentProxy -SqlInstance sql2016 -Name STIG -ProxyCredential 'PowerShell Proxy'

        Creates an Agent Proxy on sql2016 with the name STIG with the 'PowerShell Proxy' credential.
        The proxy is automatically added to the CmdExec subsystem.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentProxy -SqlInstance localhost\sql2016 -Name STIG -ProxyCredential 'PowerShell Proxy' -Description "Used for auditing purposes" -Login ad\sqlstig -SubSystem CmdExec, PowerShell -ServerRole securtyadmin -MsdbRole ServerGroupAdministratorRole

        Creates an Agent Proxy on sql2016 with the name STIG with the 'PowerShell Proxy' credential and the following principals:

        Login: ad\sqlstig
        ServerRole: securtyadmin
        MsdbRole: ServerGroupAdministratorRole

        By default, only sysadmins have access to create job steps with proxies. This will allow 3 additional principals access:
        The proxy is then added to the CmdExec and PowerShell subsystems

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "", Justification = "For Parameter ProxyCredential")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$Name,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$ProxyCredential,
        [ValidateSet("ActiveScripting", "AnalysisCommand", "AnalysisQuery", "CmdExec", "Distribution", "LogReader", "Merge", "PowerShell", "QueueReader", "Snapshot", "Ssis", "TransactSql")]
        [string[]]$SubSystem = "CmdExec",
        [string]$Description,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [string[]]$ServerRole,
        [string[]]$MsdbRole,
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $jobServer = $server.JobServer
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure. Is SQL Agent started?" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($proxyname in $name) {

                if ($jobServer.ProxyAccounts[$proxyName]) {
                    if ($force) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Dropping $proxyname")) {
                            $jobServer.ProxyAccounts[$proxyName].Drop()
                            $jobServer.ProxyAccounts.Refresh()
                        }
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Proxy account $proxy already exists on $instance. Use -Force to drop and recreate."
                        continue
                    }
                }

                if (-not $server.Credentials[$ProxyCredential]) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Credential '$ProxyCredential' does not exist on $instance"
                    continue
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding $proxyname with the $ProxyCredential credential")) {
                    # the new-object is stubborn and $true/$false has to be forced in
                    switch (Test-Bound $disabled) {
                        $false {
                            $proxy = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.ProxyAccount -ArgumentList $jobServer, $ProxyName, $ProxyCredential, $true, $Description
                        }
                        $true {
                            $proxy = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.ProxyAccount -ArgumentList $jobServer, $ProxyName, $ProxyCredential, $false, $Description
                        }
                    }

                    try {
                        $proxy.Create()
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not create proxy account" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                }

                foreach ($loginname in $login) {
                    if ($server.Logins[$loginname]) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding login $loginname to proxy")) {
                            $proxy.AddLogin($loginname)
                        }
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Login '$loginname' does not exist on $instance"
                    }
                }

                foreach ($role in $ServerRole) {
                    if ($server.Roles[$role]) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding server role $role to proxy")) {
                            $proxy.AddServerRole($role)
                        }
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Server Role '$role' does not exist on $instance"
                    }
                }

                foreach ($role in $MsdbRole) {
                    if ($server.Databases['msdb'].Roles[$role]) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding msdb role $role to proxy")) {
                            $proxy.AddMsdbRole($role)
                        }
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "msdb role '$role' does not exist on $instance"
                    }
                }

                foreach ($system in $SubSystem) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding subsystem $system to proxy")) {
                        $proxy.AddSubSystem($system)
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Outputting Proxy object")) {
                    $proxy.Alter()
                    $proxy.Refresh()
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Logins -value $proxy.EnumLogins()
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ServerRoles -value $proxy.EnumServerRoles()
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MsdbRoles -value $proxy.EnumMsdbRoles()
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $proxy -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Subsystems -value $proxy.EnumSubSystems()

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $proxy -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, ID, Name, CredentialName, CredentialIdentity, Description, Logins, ServerRoles, MsdbRoles, SubSystems, IsEnabled
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaAgentSchedule {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        New-DbaAgentSchedule creates a new schedule in the msdb database.

    .DESCRIPTION
        New-DbaAgentSchedule will help create a new schedule for a job.
        If the job parameter is not supplied the schedule will not be attached to a job.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The name of the job that has the schedule.

    .PARAMETER Schedule
        The name of the schedule.

    .PARAMETER Disabled
        Set the schedule to disabled. Default is enabled

    .PARAMETER FrequencyType
        A value indicating when a job is to be executed.

        Allowed values: Once, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, MonthlyRelative, AgentStart or IdleComputer

        If force is used the default will be "Once".

    .PARAMETER FrequencyInterval
        The days that a job is executed

        Allowed values: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Weekdays, Weekend or EveryDay.
        The other allowed values are the numbers 1 to 31 for each day of the month.

        If "Weekdays", "Weekend" or "EveryDay" is used it over writes any other value that has been passed before.

        If force is used the default will be 1.

    .PARAMETER FrequencySubdayType
        Specifies the units for the subday FrequencyInterval.

        Allowed values: Time, Seconds, Minutes, or Hours

    .PARAMETER FrequencySubdayInterval
        The number of subday type periods to occur between each execution of a job.

    .PARAMETER FrequencyRelativeInterval
        A job's occurrence of FrequencyInterval in each month, if FrequencyInterval is 32 (monthlyrelative).

        Allowed values: First, Second, Third, Fourth or Last

    .PARAMETER FrequencyRecurrenceFactor
        The number of weeks or months between the scheduled execution of a job.

        FrequencyRecurrenceFactor is used only if FrequencyType is "Weekly", "Monthly" or "MonthlyRelative".

    .PARAMETER StartDate
        The date on which execution of a job can begin.

        If force is used the start date will be the current day

    .PARAMETER EndDate
        The date on which execution of a job can stop.

        If force is used the end date will be '9999-12-31'

    .PARAMETER StartTime
        The time on any day to begin execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
        Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
        Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.

        If force is used the start time will be '00:00:00'

    .PARAMETER EndTime
        The time on any day to end execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
        Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
        Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.

        If force is used the start time will be '23:59:59'

    .PARAMETER Owner
        The name of the server principal that owns the schedule. If no value is given the schedule is owned by the creator.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
        It will also remove the any present schedules with the same name for the specific job.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, JobStep
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaAgentSchedule

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance localhost\SQL2016 -Schedule daily -FrequencyType Daily -FrequencyInterval Everyday -Force

        Creates a schedule with a daily frequency every day. It assumes default values for the start date, start time, end date and end time due to -Force.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sstad-pc -Schedule MonthlyTest -FrequencyType Monthly -FrequencyInterval 10 -FrequencyRecurrenceFactor 1 -Force

        Create a schedule with a monhtly frequency occuring every 10th of the month. It assumes default values for the start date, start time, end date and end time due to -Force.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object]$Schedule,
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [ValidateSet('Once', 'Daily', 'Weekly', 'Monthly', 'MonthlyRelative', 'AgentStart', 'IdleComputer')]
        [object]$FrequencyType,
        [ValidateSet('EveryDay', 'Weekdays', 'Weekend', 'Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31)]
        [object[]]$FrequencyInterval,
        [ValidateSet('Time', 'Seconds', 'Minutes', 'Hours')]
        [object]$FrequencySubdayType,
        [int]$FrequencySubdayInterval,
        [ValidateSet('Unused', 'First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth', 'Last')]
        [object]$FrequencyRelativeInterval,
        [int]$FrequencyRecurrenceFactor,
        [string]$StartDate,
        [string]$EndDate,
        [string]$StartTime,
        [string]$EndTime,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # if a Schedule is not provided there is no much point
        if (!$Schedule) {
            Stop-Function -Message "A schedule was not provided! Please provide a schedule name."
            return
        }

        [int]$Interval = 0

        # Translate FrequencyType value from string to the integer value
        if (!$FrequencyType -or $FrequencyType) {
            [int]$FrequencyType =
            switch ($FrequencyType) {
                "Once" { 1 }
                "Daily" { 4 }
                "Weekly" { 8 }
                "Monthly" { 16 }
                "MonthlyRelative" { 32 }
                "AgentStart" { 64 }
                "IdleComputer" { 128 }
                default { 1 }
            }
        }

        # Translate FrequencySubdayType value from string to the integer value
        if (!$FrequencySubdayType -or $FrequencySubdayType) {
            [int]$FrequencySubdayType =
            switch ($FrequencySubdayType) {
                "Time" { 1 }
                "Seconds" { 2 }
                "Minutes" { 4 }
                "Hours" { 8 }
                default { 1 }
            }
        }

        # Check of the relative FrequencyInterval value is of type string and set the integer value
        [int]$FrequencyRelativeInterval =
        switch ($FrequencyRelativeInterval) {
            "First" { 1 }
            "Second" { 2 }
            "Third" { 4 }
            "Fourth" { 8 }
            "Last" { 16 }
            "Unused" { 0 }
            default {0}
        }

        # Check if the interval is valid
        if (($FrequencyType -in 4, "Daily") -and (($FrequencyInterval -lt 1 -or $FrequencyInterval -ge 365) -and -not $FrequencyInterval -eq "EveryDay")) {
            Stop-Function -Message "The frequency interval $FrequencyInterval requires a frequency interval to be between 1 and 365." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check if the recurrence factor is set for weekly or monthly interval
        if (($FrequencyType -in (16, 8)) -and $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -lt 1) {
            if ($Force) {
                $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor = 1
                Write-Message -Message "Recurrence factor not set for weekly or monthly interval. Setting it to $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor." -Level Verbose
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "The recurrence factor $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor (parameter FrequencyRecurrenceFactor) needs to be at least one when using a weekly or monthly interval." -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Check the subday interval
        if (($FrequencySubdayType -in 2, "Seconds", 4, "Minutes") -and (-not ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -or $FrequencySubdayInterval -le 59))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Subday interval $FrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 59 when subday type is 'Seconds' or 'Minutes'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        } elseif (($FrequencySubdayType -eq 8, "Hours") -and (-not ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -and $FrequencySubdayInterval -le 23))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Subday interval $FrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 23 when subday type is 'Hours'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # If the FrequencyInterval is set for the daily FrequencyType
        if ($FrequencyType -in 4, 'Daily') {
            # Create the interval to hold the value(s)
            [int]$Interval = 0

            # Create the interval to hold the value(s)
            switch ($FrequencyInterval) {
                "EveryDay" { $Interval = 1}
                default {$Interval = 1 }
            }

        }

        # If the FrequencyInterval is set for the weekly FrequencyType
        if ($FrequencyType -in 8, 'Weekly') {
            # Create the interval to hold the value(s)
            [int]$Interval = 0

            # Loop through the array
            foreach ($Item in $FrequencyInterval) {

                switch ($Item) {
                    "Sunday" { $Interval += 1 }
                    "Monday" { $Interval += 2 }
                    "Tuesday" { $Interval += 4 }
                    "Wednesday" { $Interval += 8 }
                    "Thursday" { $Interval += 16 }
                    "Friday" { $Interval += 32 }
                    "Saturday" { $Interval += 64 }
                    "Weekdays" { $Interval = 62 }
                    "Weekend" { $Interval = 65 }
                    "EveryDay" {$Interval = 127 }
                    1 { $Interval += 1 }
                    2 { $Interval += 2 }
                    4 { $Interval += 4 }
                    8 { $Interval += 8 }
                    16 { $Interval += 16 }
                    32 { $Interval += 32 }
                    64 { $Interval += 64 }
                    62 { $Interval = 62 }
                    65 { $Interval = 65 }
                    127 {$Interval = 127 }
                    default { $Interval = 0 }
                }
            }
        }

        # If the FrequencyInterval is set for the monthly FrequencyInterval
        if ($FrequencyType -in 16, 'Monthly') {
            # Create the interval to hold the value(s)
            [int]$Interval = 0

            # Loop through the array
            foreach ($Item in $FrequencyInterval) {
                $FrequencyInterval
                switch ($Item) {
                    {[int]$_ -ge 1 -and [int]$_ -le 31} { $Interval = [int]$Item }
                }
            }


        }

        # If the FrequencyInterval is set for the relative monthly FrequencyInterval
        if ($FrequencyType -eq 32) {
            # Create the interval to hold the value(s)
            [int]$Interval = 0

            # Loop through the array
            foreach ($Item in $FrequencyInterval) {
                switch ($Item) {
                    "Sunday" { $Interval += 1 }
                    "Monday" { $Interval += 2 }
                    "Tuesday" { $Interval += 3 }
                    "Wednesday" { $Interval += 4 }
                    "Thursday" { $Interval += 5 }
                    "Friday" { $Interval += 6 }
                    "Saturday" { $Interval += 7 }
                    "Day" { $Interval += 8 }
                    "Weekday" { $Interval += 9 }
                    "WeekendDay" { $Interval += 10 }
                    1 { $Interval += 1 }
                    2 { $Interval += 2 }
                    3 { $Interval += 3 }
                    4 { $Interval += 4 }
                    5 { $Interval += 5 }
                    6 { $Interval += 6 }
                    7 { $Interval += 7 }
                    8 { $Interval += 8 }
                    9 { $Interval += 9 }
                    10 { $Interval += 10 }
                }
            }
        }

        # Check if the interval is valid for the frequency
        if ($FrequencyType -eq 0) {
            if ($Force) {
                Write-Message -Message "Parameter FrequencyType must be set to at least [Once]. Setting it to 'Once'." -Level Warning
                $FrequencyType = 1
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Parameter FrequencyType must be set to at least [Once]" -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Check if the interval is valid for the frequency
        if (($FrequencyType -in 4, 8, 32) -and ($Interval -lt 1)) {
            if ($Force) {
                Write-Message -Message "Parameter FrequencyInterval must be provided for a recurring schedule. Setting it to first day of the week." -Level Warning
                $Interval = 1
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Parameter FrequencyInterval must be provided for a recurring schedule." -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Setup the regex
        $RegexDate = '(?<!\d)(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})(?:(?:(?:0[13578]|1[02])31)|(?:(?:0[1,3-9]|1[0-2])(?:29|30)))|(?:(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?(?:0[48]|[2468][048]|[13579][26])|(?:(?:16|[2468][048]|[3579][26])00)))0229)|(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})(?:(?:0?[1-9])|(?:1[0-2]))(?:0?[1-9]|1\d|2[0-8]))(?!\d)'
        $RegexTime = '^(?:(?:([01]?\d|2[0-3]))?([0-5]?\d))?([0-5]?\d)$'

        # Check the start date
        if (-not $StartDate -and $Force) {
            $StartDate = Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd'
            Write-Message -Message "Start date was not set. Force is being used. Setting it to $StartDate" -Level Verbose
        } elseif (-not $StartDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please enter a start date or use -Force to use defaults." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        } elseif ($StartDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Start date $StartDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the end date
        if (-not $EndDate -and $Force) {
            $EndDate = '99991231'
            Write-Message -Message "End date was not set. Force is being used. Setting it to $EndDate" -Level Verbose
        } elseif (-not $EndDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please enter an end date or use -Force to use defaults." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        elseif ($EndDate -notmatch $RegexDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "End date $EndDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        } elseif ($EndDate -lt $StartDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "End date $EndDate cannot be before start date $StartDate" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the start time
        if (-not $StartTime -and $Force) {
            $StartTime = '000000'
            Write-Message -Message "Start time was not set. Force is being used. Setting it to $StartTime" -Level Verbose
        } elseif (-not $StartTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please enter a start time or use -Force to use defaults." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        } elseif ($StartTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Start time $StartTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the end time
        if (-not $EndTime -and $Force) {
            $EndTime = '235959'
            Write-Message -Message "End time was not set. Force is being used. Setting it to $EndTime" -Level Verbose
        } elseif (-not $EndTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please enter an end time or use -Force to use defaults." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        } elseif ($EndTime -notmatch $RegexTime) {
            Stop-Function -Message "End time $EndTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        #Format dates and times
        if ($StartDate) {
            $StartDate = $StartDate.Insert(6, '-').Insert(4, '-')
        }
        if ($EndDate) {
            $EndDate = $EndDate.Insert(6, '-').Insert(4, '-')
        }
        if ($StartTime) {
            $StartTime = $StartTime.Insert(4, ':').Insert(2, ':')
        }
        if ($EndTime) {
            $EndTime = $EndTime.Insert(4, ':').Insert(2, ':')
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Check if the jobs parameter is set
            if ($Job) {
                # Loop through each of the jobs
                foreach ($j in $Job) {

                    # Check if the job exists
                    if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance" -Level Warning
                    } else {
                        # Create the job schedule object
                        try {
                            # Get the job
                            $smoJob = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j]

                            # Check if schedule already exists with the same name
                            if ($Server.JobServer.JobSchedules.Name -contains $Schedule) {
                                # Check if force is set which will remove the other schedule
                                if ($Force) {
                                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Removing the schedule $Schedule on $instance")) {
                                        # Removing schedule
                                        Remove-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Schedule $Schedule -Force:$Force
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Schedule $Schedule already exists for job $j on instance $instance" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                }
                            }

                            # Create the job schedule
                            $JobSchedule = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobSchedule($smoJob, $Schedule)

                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong creating the job schedule $Schedule for job $j." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }

                        #region job schedule options
                        if ($Disabled) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule to disabled" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.IsEnabled = $false
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule to enabled" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.IsEnabled = $true
                        }

                        if ($Interval -ge 0) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency interval to $Interval" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyInterval = $Interval
                        }

                        if ($FrequencyType -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency to $FrequencyType" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyTypes = $FrequencyType
                        }

                        if ($FrequencySubdayType -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency subday type to $FrequencySubdayType" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencySubDayTypes = $FrequencySubdayType
                        }

                        if ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency subday interval to $FrequencySubdayInterval" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencySubDayInterval = $FrequencySubdayInterval
                        }

                        if (($FrequencyRelativeInterval -ge 1) -and ($FrequencyType -eq 32)) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency relative interval to $FrequencyRelativeInterval" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyRelativeIntervals = $FrequencyRelativeInterval
                        }

                        if (($FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -ge 1) -and ($FrequencyType -in 8, 16, 32)) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency recurrence factor to $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor = $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor
                        }

                        if ($StartDate) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule start date to $StartDate" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.ActiveStartDate = $StartDate
                        }

                        if ($EndDate) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule end date to $EndDate" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.ActiveEndDate = $EndDate
                        }

                        if ($StartTime) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule start time to $StartTime" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.ActiveStartTimeOfDay = $StartTime
                        }

                        if ($EndTime) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule end time to $EndTime" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.ActiveEndTimeOfDay = $EndTime
                        }
                        #endregion job schedule options

                        # Create the schedule
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Adding the schedule $Schedule to job $j on $instance")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Message "Adding the schedule $Schedule to job $j" -Level Verbose
                                #$JobSchedule
                                $JobSchedule.Create()

                                Write-Message -Message "Job schedule created with UID $($JobSchedule.ScheduleUid)" -Level Verbose
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong adding the schedule" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue

                            }

                            # Output the job schedule
                            return $JobSchedule
                        }
                    }
                } # foreach object job
            } # end if job
            else {
                # Create the schedule
                $JobSchedule = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobSchedule($Server.JobServer, $Schedule)

                #region job schedule options
                if ($Disabled) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule to disabled" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.IsEnabled = $false
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule to enabled" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.IsEnabled = $true
                }

                if ($Interval -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency interval to $Interval" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.FrequencyInterval = $Interval
                }

                if ($FrequencyType -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency to $FrequencyType" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.FrequencyTypes = $FrequencyType
                }

                if ($FrequencySubdayType -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency subday type to $FrequencySubdayType" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.FrequencySubDayTypes = $FrequencySubdayType
                }

                if ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency subday interval to $FrequencySubdayInterval" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.FrequencySubDayInterval = $FrequencySubdayInterval
                }

                if (($FrequencyRelativeInterval -ge 1) -and ($FrequencyType -eq 32)) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency relative interval to $FrequencyRelativeInterval" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.FrequencyRelativeIntervals = $FrequencyRelativeInterval
                }

                if (($FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -ge 1) -and ($FrequencyType -in 8, 16, 32)) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency recurrence factor to $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor = $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor
                }

                if ($StartDate) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule start date to $StartDate" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.ActiveStartDate = $StartDate
                }

                if ($EndDate) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule end date to $EndDate" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.ActiveEndDate = $EndDate
                }

                if ($StartTime) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule start time to $StartTime" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.ActiveStartTimeOfDay = $StartTime
                }

                if ($EndTime) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule end time to $EndTime" -Level Verbose
                    $JobSchedule.ActiveEndTimeOfDay = $EndTime
                }

                # Create the schedule
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Adding the schedule $schedule on $instance")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Adding the schedule $JobSchedule on instance $instance" -Level Verbose

                        $JobSchedule.Create()

                        Write-Message -Message "Job schedule created with UID $($JobSchedule.ScheduleUid)" -Level Verbose
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong adding the schedule." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }

                    # Output the job schedule
                    return $JobSchedule
                }
            }
        } # foreach object instance
    } #process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished creating job schedule(s)." -Level Verbose
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaAvailabilityGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Automates the creation of availability groups.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Automates the creation of availability groups.

    	* Checks prerequisites
    	* Creates Availability Group and adds primary replica
    	* Grants cluster permissions if necessary
    	* Adds secondary replica if supplied
    	* Adds databases if supplied
    		* Performs backup/restore if seeding mode is manual
    		* Performs backup to NUL if seeding mode is automatic
    	* Adds listener to primary if supplied
    	* Joins secondaries to availability group
    	* Grants endpoint connect permissions to service accounts
    	* Grants CreateAnyDatabase permissions if seeding mode is automatic
    	* Returns Availability Group object from primary

        NOTE: If a backup / restore is performed, the backups will be left intact on the network share.

        Thanks for this, Thomas Stringer! https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/heyscriptingguy/2013/04/29/set-up-an-alwayson-availability-group-with-powershell/

    .PARAMETER Primary
        The primary SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER PrimarySqlCredential
        Login to the primary instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Secondary
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SecondarySqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the Availability Group.

    .PARAMETER DtcSupport
        Indicates whether the DtcSupport is enabled

    .PARAMETER ClusterType
        Cluster type of the Availability Group. Only supported in SQL Server 2017 and above.
        Options include: External, Wsfc or None. None by default.

    .PARAMETER AutomatedBackupPreference
        Specifies how replicas in the primary role are treated in the evaluation to pick the desired replica to perform a backup.

    .PARAMETER FailureConditionLevel
        Specifies the different conditions that can trigger an automatic failover in Availability Group.

    .PARAMETER HealthCheckTimeout
        This setting used to specify the length of time, in milliseconds, that the SQL Server resource DLL should wait for information returned by the sp_server_diagnostics stored procedure before reporting the Always On Failover Cluster Instance (FCI) as unresponsive.

        Changes that are made to the timeout settings are effective immediately and do not require a restart of the SQL Server resource.

        Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds).

    .PARAMETER Basic
        Indicates whether the availability group is basic. Basic availability groups like pumpkin spice and uggs.

        https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/availability-groups/windows/basic-availability-groups-always-on-availability-groups

    .PARAMETER DatabaseHealthTrigger
        Indicates whether the availability group triggers the database health.

    .PARAMETER Passthru
        Don't create the availability group, just pass thru an object that can be further customized before creation.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database or databases to add.

    .PARAMETER SharedPath
        The network share where the backups will be backed up and restored from.

        Each SQL Server service account must have access to this share.

        NOTE: If a backup / restore is performed, the backups will be left in tact on the network share.

    .PARAMETER UseLastBackup
        Use the last full backup of database.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Drop and recreate the database on remote servers using fresh backup.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityMode
        Sets the availability mode of the availability group replica. Options are: AsynchronousCommit and SynchronousCommit. SynchronousCommit is default.

    .PARAMETER FailoverMode
        Sets the failover mode of the availability group replica. Options are Automatic, Manual and External. Automatic is default.

    .PARAMETER BackupPriority
        Sets the backup priority availability group replica. Default is 50.

    .PARAMETER Endpoint
        By default, this command will attempt to find a DatabaseMirror endpoint. If one does not exist, it will create it.

        If an endpoint must be created, the name "hadr_endpoint" will be used. If an alternative is preferred, use Endpoint.

    .PARAMETER ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole
        Specifies the connection intent modes of an Availability Replica in primary role. AllowAllConnections by default.

    .PARAMETER ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole
        Specifies the connection modes of an Availability Replica in secondary role. AllowAllConnections by default.

    .PARAMETER ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl
        Sets the read only routing connection url for the availability replica.

    .PARAMETER SeedingMode
        Specifies how the secondary replica will be initially seeded.

        Automatic enables direct seeding. This method will seed the secondary replica over the network. This method does not require you to backup and restore a copy of the primary database on the replica.

        Manual requires you to create a backup of the database on the primary replica and manually restore that backup on the secondary replica.

    .PARAMETER Certificate
        Specifies that the endpoint is to authenticate the connection using the certificate specified by certificate_name to establish identity for authorization.

        The far endpoint must have a certificate with the public key matching the private key of the specified certificate.

    .PARAMETER IPAddress
        Sets the IP address of the availability group listener.

    .PARAMETER SubnetMask
        Sets the subnet IP mask of the availability group listener.

    .PARAMETER Port
        Sets the number of the port used to communicate with the availability group.

    .PARAMETER Dhcp
        Indicates whether the object is DHCP.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaAvailabilityGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAvailabilityGroup -Primary sql2016a -Name SharePoint

        Creates a new availability group on sql2016a named SharePoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAvailabilityGroup -Primary sql2016a -Name SharePoint -Secondary sql2016b

        Creates a new availability group on sql2016b named SharePoint with a secondary replica, sql2016b

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAvailabilityGroup -Primary sql2016std -Name BAG1 -Basic -Confirm:$false

        Creates a basic availability group named BAG1 on sql2016std and does not confirm when setting up

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAvailabilityGroup -Primary sql2016b -Name AG1 -ClusterType Wsfc -Dhcp -Database db1 -UseLastBackup

        Creates an availability group on sql2016b with the name ag1. Uses the last backups available to add the database db1 to the AG.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAvailabilityGroup -Primary sql2017 -Name SharePoint -ClusterType None -FailoverMode Manual

        Creates a new availability group on sql2017 named SharePoint with a cluster type of none and a failover mode of manual

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAvailabilityGroup -Primary sql1 -Secondary sql2 -Name ag1 -Database pubs -ClusterType None -SeedingMode Automatic -FailoverMode Manual

        Creates a new availability group with a primary replica on sql1 and a secondary on sql2. Automatically adds the database pubs.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> $params = @{
                    >> Primary = "sql1"
                    >> PrimarySqlCredential = $cred
                    >> Secondary = "sql2"
                    >> SecondarySqlCredential = $cred
                    >> Name = "test-ag"
                    >> Database = "pubs"
                    >> ClusterType = "None"
                    >> SeedingMode = "Automatic"
                    >> FailoverMode = "Manual"
                    >> Confirm = $false
                >> }
        PS C:\> New-DbaAvailabilityGroup @params

        This exact command was used to create an availability group on docker!
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Primary,
        [PSCredential]$PrimarySqlCredential,
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Secondary,
        [PSCredential]$SecondarySqlCredential,
        # AG

        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Name,
        [switch]$DtcSupport,
        [ValidateSet('External', 'Wsfc', 'None')]
        [string]$ClusterType = 'External',
        [ValidateSet('None', 'Primary', 'Secondary', 'SecondaryOnly')]
        [string]$AutomatedBackupPreference = 'Secondary',
        [ValidateSet('OnAnyQualifiedFailureCondition', 'OnCriticalServerErrors', 'OnModerateServerErrors', 'OnServerDown', 'OnServerUnresponsive')]
        [string]$FailureConditionLevel = "OnServerDown",
        [int]$HealthCheckTimeout = 30000,
        [switch]$Basic,
        [switch]$DatabaseHealthTrigger,
        [switch]$Passthru,
        # database

        [string[]]$Database,
        [Alias("NetworkShare")]
        [string]$SharedPath,
        [switch]$UseLastBackup,
        [switch]$Force,
        # replica

        [ValidateSet('AsynchronousCommit', 'SynchronousCommit')]
        [string]$AvailabilityMode = "SynchronousCommit",
        [ValidateSet('Automatic', 'Manual', 'External')]
        [string]$FailoverMode = "Automatic",
        [int]$BackupPriority = 50,
        [ValidateSet('AllowAllConnections', 'AllowReadWriteConnections')]
        [string]$ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole = 'AllowAllConnections',
        [ValidateSet('AllowAllConnections', 'AllowNoConnections', 'AllowReadIntentConnectionsOnly')]
        [string]$ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole = 'AllowAllConnections',
        [ValidateSet('Automatic', 'Manual')]
        [string]$SeedingMode = 'Manual',
        [string]$Endpoint,
        [string]$ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl,
        [string]$Certificate,
        # network

        [ipaddress[]]$IPAddress,
        [ipaddress]$SubnetMask = "255.255.255.0",
        [int]$Port = 1433,
        [switch]$Dhcp,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter NetworkShare -CustomMessage "Using the parameter NetworkShare is deprecated. This parameter will be removed in version 1.0.0 or before. Use SharedPath instead."
    }
    process {
        $stepCounter = $wait = 0

        if ($Force -and $Secondary -and (-not $SharedPath -and -not $UseLastBackup) -and ($SeedingMode -ne 'Automatic')) {
            Stop-Function -Message "SharedPath or UseLastBackup is required when Force is used"
            return
        }

        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Primary -SqlCredential $PrimarySqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Primary
            return
        }

        if ($SeedingMode -eq 'Automatic' -and $server.VersionMajor -lt 13) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Automatic seeding mode only supported in SQL Server 2016 and above" -Target $Primary
            return
        }

        if ($Basic -and $server.VersionMajor -lt 13) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Basic availability groups are only supported in SQL Server 2016 and above" -Target $Primary
            return
        }

        Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Checking perquisites"

        # Don't reuse $server here, it fails
        if (Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $Primary -SqlCredential $PrimarySqlCredential -AvailabilityGroup $Name) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Availability group named $Name already exists on $Primary"
            return
        }

        if ($Certificate) {
            $cert = Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance $Primary -SqlCredential $PrimarySqlCredential -Certificate $Certificate
            if (-not $cert) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Certificate $Certificate does not exist on $Primary" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Primary
                return
            }
        }

        if (($SharedPath)) {
            if (-not (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $Primary -SqlCredential $PrimarySqlCredential -Path $SharedPath)) {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Cannot access $SharedPath from $Primary"
                return
            }
        }

        if ($Database -and -not $UseLastBackup -and -not $SharedPath -and $Secondary -and $SeedingMode -ne 'Automatic') {
            Stop-Function -Continue -Message "You must specify a SharedPath when adding databases to a manually seeded availability group"
            return
        }

        if ($server.HostPlatform -eq "Linux") {
            # New to SQL Server 2017 (14.x) is the introduction of a cluster type for AGs. For Linux, there are two valid values: External and None.
            if ($ClusterType -notin "External", "None") {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Linux only supports ClusterType of External or None"
                return
            }
            # Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (DTC) is not supported under Linux in SQL Server 2017
            if ($DtcSupport) {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (DTC) is not supported under Linux"
                return
            }
        }

        if ($ClusterType -eq "None" -and $server.VersionMajor -lt 14) {
            Stop-Function -Message "ClusterType of None only supported in SQL Server 2017 and above"
            return
        }

        if ($Secondary) {
            $secondaries = @()
            foreach ($computer in $Secondary) {
                try {
                    $secondaries += Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $computer -SqlCredential $SecondarySqlCredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Primary
                    return
                }
            }

            if ($SeedingMode -eq "Automatic") {
                $primarypath = Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $server
                foreach ($second in $secondaries) {
                    $secondarypath = Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $second
                    if ($primarypath.Data -ne $secondarypath.Data) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Primary and secondary ($second) default data paths do not match. Trying anyway."
                    }
                    if ($primarypath.Log -ne $secondarypath.Log) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Primary and secondary ($second) default log paths do not match. Trying anyway."
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        # database checks
        if ($Database) {
            $dbs += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $Primary -SqlCredential $PrimarySqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($primarydb in $dbs) {
            if ($primarydb.MirroringStatus -ne "None") {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot setup mirroring on database ($dbname) due to its current mirroring state: $($primarydb.MirroringStatus)"
                return
            }

            if ($primarydb.Status -ne "Normal") {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot setup mirroring on database ($dbname) due to its current state: $($primarydb.Status)"
                return
            }

            if ($primarydb.RecoveryModel -ne "Full") {
                if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName UseLastBackup)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$dbName not set to full recovery. UseLastBackup cannot be used."
                    return
                } else {
                    Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance $Primary -SqlCredential $PrimarySqlCredential -Database $primarydb.Name -RecoveryModel Full
                }
            }
        }

        Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Creating availability group named $Name on $Primary"

        # Start work
        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Primary, "Setting up availability group named $Name and adding primary replica")) {
            try {
                $ag = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroup -ArgumentList $server, $Name
                $ag.AutomatedBackupPreference = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroupAutomatedBackupPreference]::$AutomatedBackupPreference
                $ag.FailureConditionLevel = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroupFailureConditionLevel]::$FailureConditionLevel
                $ag.HealthCheckTimeout = $HealthCheckTimeout

                if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 13) {
                    $ag.BasicAvailabilityGroup = $Basic
                    $ag.DatabaseHealthTrigger = $DatabaseHealthTrigger
                }

                if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 14) {
                    $ag.ClusterType = $ClusterType
                }

                if ($PassThru) {
                    $defaults = 'LocalReplicaRole', 'Name as AvailabilityGroup', 'PrimaryReplicaServerName as PrimaryReplica', 'AutomatedBackupPreference', 'AvailabilityReplicas', 'AvailabilityDatabases', 'AvailabilityGroupListeners'
                    return (Select-DefaultView -InputObject $ag -Property $defaults)
                }

                $replicaparams = @{
                    InputObject                   = $ag
                    AvailabilityMode              = $AvailabilityMode
                    FailoverMode                  = $FailoverMode
                    BackupPriority                = $BackupPriority
                    ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole   = $ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole
                    ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole = $ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole
                    Endpoint                      = $Endpoint
                    ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl  = $ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl
                    Certificate                   = $Certificate
                }

                if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 13) {
                    $replicaparams += @{SeedingMode = $SeedingMode}
                }

                $null = Add-DbaAgReplica @replicaparams -EnableException -SqlInstance $server
            } catch {
                $msg = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.Message
                if (-not $msg) {
                    $msg = $_
                }
                Stop-Function -Message $msg -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Primary
                return
            }
        }

        # Add cluster permissions
        if ($ClusterType -eq 'Wsfc') {
            Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Adding endpoint connect permissions"

            foreach ($second in $secondaries) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Primary, "Adding cluster permissions for availability group named $Name")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "WSFC Cluster requires granting [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM] a few things. Setting now."
                    $sql = "GRANT ALTER ANY AVAILABILITY GROUP TO [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM]
                        GRANT CONNECT SQL TO [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM]
                        GRANT VIEW SERVER STATE TO [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM]"
                    try {
                        $null = $server.Query($sql)
                        foreach ($second in $secondaries) {
                            $null = $second.Query($sql)
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure adding cluster service account permissions" -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        # Add replicas
        Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Adding secondary replicas"

        foreach ($second in $secondaries) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($second.Name, "Adding replica to availability group named $Name")) {
                try {
                    # Add replicas
                    $null = Add-DbaAgReplica @replicaparams -EnableException -SqlInstance $second
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $second -Continue
                }
            }
        }

        try {
            # something is up with .net create(), force a stop
            Invoke-Create -Object $ag
        } catch {
            $msg = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.Message
            if (-not $msg) {
                $msg = $_
            }
            Stop-Function -Message $msg -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Primary
            return
        }

        # Add listener
        Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Adding listener"

        if ($IPAddress) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Primary, "Adding static IP listener for $Name to the Primary replica")) {
                $null = Add-DbaAgListener -InputObject $ag -IPAddress $IPAddress[0] -SubnetMask $SubnetMask -Port $Port -Dhcp:$Dhcp
            }
        } elseif ($Dhcp) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Primary, "Adding DHCP listener for $Name to all replicas")) {
                $null = Add-DbaAgListener -InputObject $ag -Port $Port -Dhcp:$Dhcp
                foreach ($second in $secondaries) {
                    $secag = Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $second -AvailabilityGroup $Name
                    $null = Add-DbaAgListener -InputObject $secag -Port $Port -Dhcp:$Dhcp
                }
            }
        }

        Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Joining availability group"

        foreach ($second in $secondaries) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Joining $($second.Name) to $Name")) {
                try {
                    # join replicas to ag
                    Join-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $second -InputObject $ag -EnableException
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $second -Continue
                }
            }
        }

        Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Granting permissions on availability group, this may take a moment"

        # Grant permissions, but first, get all necessary service accounts
        $primaryserviceaccount = $server.ServiceAccount.Trim()
        $saname = ([DbaInstanceParameter]($server.DomainInstanceName)).ComputerName

        if ($primaryserviceaccount) {
            if ($primaryserviceaccount.StartsWith("NT ")) {
                $primaryserviceaccount = "$saname`$"
            }
            if ($primaryserviceaccount.StartsWith("$saname")) {
                $primaryserviceaccount = "$saname`$"
            }
            if ($primaryserviceaccount.StartsWith(".")) {
                $primaryserviceaccount = "$saname`$"
            }
        }

        if (-not $primaryserviceaccount) {
            $primaryserviceaccount = "$saname`$"
        }

        $serviceaccounts = @($primaryserviceaccount)

        foreach ($second in $secondaries) {
            # If service account is empty, add the computer account instead
            $secondaryserviceaccount = $second.ServiceAccount.Trim()
            $saname = ([DbaInstanceParameter]($second.DomainInstanceName)).ComputerName

            if ($secondaryserviceaccount) {
                if ($secondaryserviceaccount.StartsWith("NT ")) {
                    $secondaryserviceaccount = "$saname`$"
                }
                if ($secondaryserviceaccount.StartsWith("$saname")) {
                    $secondaryserviceaccount = "$saname`$"
                }
                if ($secondaryserviceaccount.StartsWith(".")) {
                    $secondaryserviceaccount = "$saname`$"
                }
            }

            if (-not $secondaryserviceaccount) {
                $secondaryserviceaccount = "$saname`$"
            }

            $serviceaccounts += $secondaryserviceaccount
        }

        $serviceaccounts = $serviceaccounts | Select-Object -Unique

        if ($SeedingMode -eq 'Automatic') {
            try {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Seeding mode is automatic. Adding CreateAnyDatabase permissions to availability group.")) {
                    $null = $server.Query("ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [$Name] GRANT CREATE ANY DATABASE")
                }
            } catch {
                # Log the exception but keep going
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }

        # Add databases

        Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Adding databases"

        Add-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance $Primary -AvailabilityGroup $Name -Database $Database -SeedingMode $SeedingMode -SharedPath $SharedPath

        foreach ($second in $secondaries) {
            if ($server.HostPlatform -ne "Linux" -and $second.HostPlatform -ne "Linux") {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($second.Name, "Granting Connect permissions to service accounts: $serviceaccounts")) {
                    $null = Grant-DbaAgPermission -SqlInstance $server, $second -Login $serviceaccounts -Type Endpoint -Permission Connect
                }
            }
            if ($SeedingMode -eq 'Automatic') {
                $done = $false
                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($second.Name, "Seeding mode is automatic. Adding CreateAnyDatabase permissions to availability group.")) {
                        do {
                            $second.Refresh()
                            $second.AvailabilityGroups.Refresh()
                            if (Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $second -AvailabilityGroup $Name) {
                                $null = $second.Query("ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [$Name] GRANT CREATE ANY DATABASE")
                                $done = $true
                            } else {
                                $wait++
                                Start-Sleep -Seconds 1
                            }
                        } while ($wait -lt 20 -and $done -eq $false)
                    }
                } catch {
                    # Log the exception but keep going
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }

        # Get results
        Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $Primary -SqlCredential $PrimarySqlCredential -AvailabilityGroup $Name
    }
}
function New-DbaClientAlias {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates/updates a sql alias for the specified server - mimics cliconfg.exe

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates/updates a SQL Server alias by altering HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\Client

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer where the alias will be created

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to remote computers using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER ServerName
        The target SQL Server

    .PARAMETER Alias
        The alias to be created

    .PARAMETER Protocol
        The protocol for the connection, either TCPIP or NetBIOS. Defaults to TCPIP.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Alias
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaClientAlias

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaClientAlias -ServerName sqlcluster\sharepoint -Alias sp

        Creates a new TCP alias on the local workstation called sp, which points sqlcluster\sharepoint


    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaClientAlias -ServerName 'sqlcluster,14443' -Alias spinstance

        Creates a new TCP alias on the local workstation called spinstance, which points to sqlcluster, port 14443.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaClientAlias -ServerName sqlcluster\sharepoint -Alias sp -Protocol NamedPipes

        Creates a new NamedPipes alias on the local workstation called sp, which points sqlcluster\sharepoint

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ServerName,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Alias,
        [ValidateSet("TCPIP", "NamedPipes")]
        [string]$Protocol = "TCPIP",
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # This is a script block so cannot use messaging system
        $scriptblock = {
            $basekeys = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\MSSQLServer", "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer"
            #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
            #$ServerName = $args[0]
            $Alias = $args[1]
            $serverstring = $args[2]

            if ($env:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE -like "*64*") { $64bit = $true }

            foreach ($basekey in $basekeys) {
                if ($64bit -ne $true -and $basekey -like "*WOW64*") { continue }

                if ((Test-Path $basekey) -eq $false) {
                    throw "Base key ($basekey) does not exist. Quitting."
                }

                $client = "$basekey\Client"

                if ((Test-Path $client) -eq $false) {
                    # "Creating $client key"
                    $null = New-Item -Path $client -Force
                }

                $connect = "$client\ConnectTo"

                if ((Test-Path $connect) -eq $false) {
                    # "Creating $connect key"
                    $null = New-Item -Path $connect -Force
                }

                <#
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                #Looks like it was once used for a Verbose Message
                if ($basekey -like "*WOW64*") {
                    $architecture = "32-bit"
                } else {
                    $architecture = "64-bit"
                }
                #>
                <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                # Write-Verbose "Creating/updating alias for $ComputerName for $architecture"
                $null = New-ItemProperty -Path $connect -Name $Alias -Value $serverstring -PropertyType String -Force
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if ($protocol -eq "TCPIP") {
            $serverstring = "DBMSSOCN,$ServerName"
        } else {
            $serverstring = "DBNMPNTW,\\$ServerName\pipe\sql\query"
        }

        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {

            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Adding $alias")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop -ArgumentList $ServerName, $Alias, $serverstring
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
        }

        Get-DbaClientAlias -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential | Where-Object AliasName -eq $Alias
    }
}
function New-DbaCmConnection {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Generates a connection object for use in remote computer management.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Generates a connection object for use in remote computer management.
        Those objects are used for the purpose of cim/wmi queries, caching which protocol worked, optimizing performance and minimizing authentication errors.

        New-DbaCmConnection will create a NEW object and overwrite any existing ones for the specified computer.
        Furthermore, information stored in the input beyond the computername will be discarded in favor of the new settings.

        Unless the connection cache has been disabled, all connections will automatically be registered in the cache, so no further action is necessary.
        The output is primarily for information purposes, however it may be used to pass objects and circumvent the cache with those.

        NOTE: Generally, this function need not be used, as a first connection to a computer using any connecting function such as "Get-DbaCmObject" will automatically register a new default connection for it.

        This function exists to be able to preconfigure connections.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The computer to build the connection object for.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        The credential to register.

    .PARAMETER UseWindowsCredentials
        Whether using the default windows credentials is legit.
        Not setting this will not exclude using windows credentials, but only not pre-confirm them as working.

    .PARAMETER OverrideExplicitCredential
        Setting this will enable the credential override.
        The override will cause the system to ignore explicitly specified credentials, so long as known, good credentials are available.

    .PARAMETER DisabledConnectionTypes
        Exlicitly disable connection types.
        These types will then not be used for connecting to the computer.

    .PARAMETER DisableBadCredentialCache
        Will prevent the caching of credentials if set to true.

    .PARAMETER DisableCimPersistence
        Will prevent Cim-Sessions to be reused.

    .PARAMETER DisableCredentialAutoRegister
        Will prevent working credentials from being automatically cached

    .PARAMETER EnableCredentialFailover
        Will enable automatic failing over to known to work credentials, when using bad credentials.
        By default, passing bad credentials will cause the Computer Management functions to interrupt with a warning (Or exception if in silent mode).

    .PARAMETER WindowsCredentialsAreBad
        Will prevent the windows credentials of the currently logged on user from being used for the remote connection.

    .PARAMETER CimWinRMOptions
        Specify a set of options to use when connecting to the target computer using CIM over WinRM.
        Use 'New-CimSessionOption' to create such an object.

    .PARAMETER CimDCOMOptions
        Specify a set of options to use when connecting to the target computer using CIM over DCOM.
        Use 'New-CimSessionOption' to create such an object.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ComputerManagement, CIM
        Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaCmConnection

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaCmConnection -ComputerName sql2014 -UseWindowsCredentials -OverrideExplicitCredential -DisabledConnectionTypes CimRM

        Returns a new configuration object for connecting to the computer sql2014.
        - The current user credentials are set as valid
        - The connection is configured to ignore explicit credentials (so all connections use the windows credentials)
        - The connections will not try using CIM over WinRM

        Unless caching is globally disabled, this is automatically stored in the connection cache and will be applied automatically.
        In that (the default) case, the output is for information purposes only and need not be used.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-Content computers.txt | New-DbaCmConnection -Credential $cred -CimWinRMOptions $options -DisableBadCredentialCache -OverrideExplicitCredential

        Gathers a list of computers from a text file, then creates and registers connections for each of them, setting them to ...
        - use the credentials stored in $cred
        - use the options stored in $options when connecting using CIM over WinRM
        - not store credentials that are known to not work
        - to ignore explicitly specified credentials

        Essentially, this configures all connections to those computers to prefer failure with the specified credentials over using alternative credentials.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = 'Credential')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter[]]
        $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $Credential,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Windows")]
        [switch]
        $UseWindowsCredentials,
        [switch]
        $OverrideExplicitCredential,
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnectionType]
        $DisabledConnectionTypes = 'None',
        [switch]
        $DisableBadCredentialCache,
        [switch]
        $DisableCimPersistence,
        [switch]
        $DisableCredentialAutoRegister,
        [switch]
        $EnableCredentialFailover,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Credential")]
        [switch]
        $WindowsCredentialsAreBad,
        [Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.Options.WSManSessionOptions]
        $CimWinRMOptions,
        [Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.Options.DComSessionOptions]
        $CimDCOMOptions,
        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting execution"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        $disable_cache = Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -Name 'ComputerManagement.Cache.Disable.All' -Fallback $false
    }
    process {
        foreach ($connectionObject in $ComputerName) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($($connectionObject.connection.computername), "Creating connection object")) {
                if (-not $connectionObject.Success) { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to interpret computername input: $($connectionObject.InputObject)" -Category InvalidArgument -Target $connectionObject.InputObject -Continue }
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing computer: $($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)" -Target $connectionObject.Connection

                $connection = New-Object -TypeName Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnection -ArgumentList $connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName
                if (Test-Bound "Credential") { $connection.Credentials = $Credential }
                if (Test-Bound "UseWindowsCredentials") {
                    $connection.Credentials = $null
                    $connection.UseWindowsCredentials = $UseWindowsCredentials
                }
                if (Test-Bound "OverrideExplicitCredential") { $connection.OverrideExplicitCredential = $OverrideExplicitCredential }
                if (Test-Bound "DisabledConnectionTypes") { $connection.DisabledConnectionTypes = $DisabledConnectionTypes }
                if (Test-Bound "DisableBadCredentialCache") { $connection.DisableBadCredentialCache = $DisableBadCredentialCache }
                if (Test-Bound "DisableCimPersistence") { $connection.DisableCimPersistence = $DisableCimPersistence }
                if (Test-Bound "DisableCredentialAutoRegister") { $connection.DisableCredentialAutoRegister = $DisableCredentialAutoRegister }
                if (Test-Bound "EnableCredentialFailover") { $connection.DisableCredentialAutoRegister = $EnableCredentialFailover }
                if (Test-Bound "WindowsCredentialsAreBad") { $connection.WindowsCredentialsAreBad = $WindowsCredentialsAreBad }
                if (Test-Bound "CimWinRMOptions") { $connection.CimWinRMOptions = $CimWinRMOptions }
                if (Test-Bound "CimDCOMOptions") { $connection.CimDCOMOptions = $CimDCOMOptions }

                if (-not $disable_cache) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Writing connection to cache"
                    [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName] = $connection
                } else { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping writing to cache, since the cache has been disabled!" }
                $connection
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Stopping execution"
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaComputerCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a new computer certificate useful for Forcing Encryption

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a new computer certificate - self-signed or signed by an Active Directory CA, using the Web Server certificate.

        By default, a key with a length of 1024 and a friendly name of the machines FQDN is generated.

        This command was originally intended to help automate the process so that SSL certificates can be available for enforcing encryption on connections.

        It makes a lot of assumptions - namely, that your account is allowed to auto-enroll and that you have permission to do everything it needs to do ;)

        References:
        http://sqlmag.com/sql-server/7-steps-ssl-encryption
        https://azurebi.jppp.org/2016/01/23/using-lets-encrypt-certificates-for-secure-sql-server-connections/
        https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlserverfaq/2016/09/26/creating-and-registering-ssl-certificates/

        The certificate is generated using AD's webserver SSL template on the client machine and pushed to the remote machine.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
       The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost. If target is a cluster, you must also specify ClusterInstanceName (see below)

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER CaServer
        Optional - the CA Server where the request will be sent to

    .PARAMETER CaName
        The properly formatted CA name of the corresponding CaServer

    .PARAMETER ClusterInstanceName
        When creating certs for a cluster, use this parameter to create the certificate for the cluster node name. Use ComputerName for each of the nodes.

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        Password to encrypt/decrypt private key for export to remote machine

    .PARAMETER FriendlyName
        The FriendlyName listed in the certificate. This defaults to the FQDN of the $ComputerName

    .PARAMETER CertificateTemplate
        The domain's Certificate Template - WebServer by default.

    .PARAMETER KeyLength
        The length of the key - defaults to 1024

    .PARAMETER Store
        Certificate store - defaults to LocalMachine

    .PARAMETER Folder
        Certificate folder - defaults to My (Personal)

    .PARAMETER Dns
        Specify the Dns entries listed in SAN. By default, it will be ComputerName + FQDN, or in the case of clusters, clustername + cluster FQDN.

    .PARAMETER SelfSigned
        Creates a self-signed certificate. All other parameters can still apply except CaServer and CaName because the command does not go and get the certificate signed.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaComputerCertificate

        Creates a computer certificate signed by the local domain CA for the local machine with the keylength of 1024.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName Server1

        Creates a computer certificate signed by the local domain CA _on the local machine_ for server1 with the keylength of 1024.

        The certificate is then copied to the new machine over WinRM and imported.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName sqla, sqlb -ClusterInstanceName sqlcluster -KeyLength 4096

        Creates a computer certificate for sqlcluster, signed by the local domain CA, with the keylength of 4096.

        The certificate is then copied to sqla _and_ sqlb over WinRM and imported.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName Server1 -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were run

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaComputerCertificate -SelfSigned

        Creates a self-signed certificate

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$CaServer,
        [string]$CaName,
        [string]$ClusterInstanceName,
        [Alias("Password")]
        [securestring]$SecurePassword,
        [string]$FriendlyName = "SQL Server",
        [string]$CertificateTemplate = "WebServer",
        [int]$KeyLength = 1024,
        [string]$Store = "LocalMachine",
        [string]$Folder = "My",
        [string[]]$Dns,
        [switch]$SelfSigned,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $englishCodes = 9, 1033, 2057, 3081, 4105, 5129, 6153, 7177, 8201, 9225
        if ($englishCodes -notcontains (Get-DbaCmObject Win32_OperatingSystem).OSLanguage) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Currently, this command is only supported in English OS locales. OS Locale detected: $([System.Globalization.CultureInfo]::GetCultureInfo([int](Get-DbaCmObject Win32_OperatingSystem).OSLanguage).DisplayName)`nWe apologize for the inconvenience and look into providing universal language support in future releases."
            return
        }

        if (-not (Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $env:COMPUTERNAME)) {
            return
        }

        function GetHexLength {
            [cmdletbinding()]
            param(
                [int]$strLen
            )
            $hex = [String]::Format("{0:X2}", $strLen)

            if ($strLen -gt 127) { [String]::Format("{0:X2}", 128 + ($hex.Length / 2)) + $hex }
            else { $hex }
        }

        function Get-SanExt {
            [cmdletbinding()]
            param(
                [string[]]$hostName
            )
            # thanks to Lincoln of
            # https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windows/en-US/f568edfa-7f93-46a4-aab9-a06151592dd9/converting-ascii-to-asn1-der

            $temp = ''
            foreach ($fqdn in $hostName) {
                # convert each character of fqdn to hex
                $hexString = ($fqdn.ToCharArray() | ForEach-Object { [String]::Format("{0:X2}", [int]$_) }) -join ''

                # length of hex fqdn, in hex
                $hexLength = GetHexLength ($hexString.Length / 2)

                # concatenate special code 82, hex length, hex string
                $temp += "82${hexLength}${hexString}"
            }
            # calculate total length of concatenated string, in hex
            $totalHexLength = GetHexLength ($temp.Length / 2)
            # concatenate special code 30, hex length, hex string
            $temp = "30${totalHexLength}${temp}"
            # convert to binary
            $bytes = $(
                for ($i = 0; $i -lt $temp.Length; $i += 2) {
                    [byte]"0x$($temp.SubString($i, 2))"
                }
            )
            # convert to base 64
            $base64 = [Convert]::ToBase64String($bytes)
            # output in proper format
            for ($i = 0; $i -lt $base64.Length; $i += 64) {
                $line = $base64.SubString($i, [Math]::Min(64, $base64.Length - $i))
                if ($i -eq 0) { "2.5.29.17=$line" }
                else { "_continue_=$line" }
            }
        }

        if ((!$CaServer -or !$CaName) -and !$SelfSigned) {
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No CaServer or CaName specified. Performing lookup."
                # hat tip Vadims Podans
                $domain = ([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).Name
                $domain = "DC=" + $domain -replace '\.', ", DC="
                $pks = [ADSI]"LDAP://CN=Enrollment Services, CN=Public Key Services, CN=Services, CN=Configuration, $domain"
                $cas = $pks.psBase.Children

                $allCas = @()
                foreach ($ca in $cas) {
                    $allCas += [pscustomobject]@{
                        CA       = $ca | ForEach-Object { $_.Name }
                        Computer = $ca | ForEach-Object { $_.DNSHostName }
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot access Active Directory or find the Certificate Authority" -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            if (!$CaServer) {
                $CaServer = ($allCas | Select-Object -First 1).Computer
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Root Server: $CaServer"
            }

            if (!$CaName) {
                $CaName = ($allCas | Select-Object -First 1).CA
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Root CA name: $CaName"
            }
        }

        $tempDir = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\")
        $certTemplate = "CertificateTemplate:$CertificateTemplate"
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        # uses dos command locally
        

        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {

            if (!$secondaryNode) {

                if ($ClusterInstanceName) {
                    if ($ClusterInstanceName -notmatch "\.") {
                        $fqdn = "$ClusterInstanceName.$env:USERDNSDOMAIN"
                    } else {
                        $fqdn = $ClusterInstanceName
                    }
                } else {
                    $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -WarningAction SilentlyContinue

                    if (!$resolved) {
                        $fqdn = "$ComputerName.$env:USERDNSDOMAIN"
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Server name cannot be resolved. Guessing it's $fqdn"
                    } else {
                        $fqdn = $resolved.fqdn
                    }
                }

                $certDir = "$tempDir\$fqdn"
                $certCfg = "$certDir\request.inf"
                $certCsr = "$certDir\$fqdn.csr"
                $certCrt = "$certDir\$fqdn.crt"
                $certPfx = "$certDir\$fqdn.pfx"
                $tempPfx = "$certDir\temp-$fqdn.pfx"

                if (Test-Path($certDir)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Deleting files from $certDir"
                    $null = Remove-Item "$certDir\*.*"
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Creating $certDir"
                    $null = New-Item -Path $certDir -ItemType Directory -Force
                }

                # Make sure output is compat with clusters
                $shortName = $fqdn.Split(".")[0]

                if (!$dns) {
                    $dns = $shortName, $fqdn
                }

                $san = Get-SanExt $dns
                # Write config file
                Set-Content $certCfg "[Version]"
                Add-Content $certCfg 'Signature="$Windows NT$"'
                Add-Content $certCfg "[NewRequest]"
                Add-Content $certCfg "Subject = ""CN=$fqdn"""
                Add-Content $certCfg "KeySpec = 1"
                Add-Content $certCfg "KeyLength = $KeyLength"
                Add-Content $certCfg "Exportable = TRUE"
                Add-Content $certCfg "MachineKeySet = TRUE"
                Add-Content $certCfg "FriendlyName=""$FriendlyName"""
                Add-Content $certCfg "SMIME = False"
                Add-Content $certCfg "PrivateKeyArchive = FALSE"
                Add-Content $certCfg "UserProtected = FALSE"
                Add-Content $certCfg "UseExistingKeySet = FALSE"
                Add-Content $certCfg "ProviderName = ""Microsoft RSA SChannel Cryptographic Provider"""
                Add-Content $certCfg "ProviderType = 12"
                if ($SelfSigned) {
                    Add-Content $certCfg "RequestType = Cert"
                } else {
                    Add-Content $certCfg "RequestType = PKCS10"
                }
                Add-Content $certCfg "KeyUsage = 0xa0"
                Add-Content $certCfg "[EnhancedKeyUsageExtension]"
                Add-Content $certCfg "OID=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"
                Add-Content $certCfg "[Extensions]"
                Add-Content $certCfg $san
                Add-Content $certCfg "Critical=2.5.29.17"


                if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Creating certificate for $computer")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Running: certreq -new $certCfg $certCsr"
                    $create = certreq -new $certCfg $certCsr
                }

                if ($SelfSigned) {
                    $serial = (($create -Split "Serial Number:" -Split "Subject")[2]).Trim() # D:
                    $storedCert = Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine\My -Recurse | Where-Object SerialNumber -eq $serial

                    if ($computer.IsLocalHost) {
                        $storedCert | Select-Object * | Select-DefaultView -Property FriendlyName, DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer
                    }
                } else {
                    if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Submitting certificate request for $computer to $CaServer\$CaName")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "certreq -submit -config `"$CaServer\$CaName`" -attrib $certTemplate $certCsr $certCrt $certPfx"
                        $submit = certreq -submit -config ""$CaServer\$CaName"" -attrib $certTemplate $certCsr $certCrt $certPfx
                    }

                    if ($submit -match "ssued") {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "certreq -accept -machine $certCrt"
                        $null = certreq -accept -machine $certCrt
                        $cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2
                        $cert.Import($certCrt, $null, [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::DefaultKeySet)
                        $storedCert = Get-ChildItem "Cert:\$store\$folder" -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.Thumbprint -eq $cert.Thumbprint }
                    } elseif ($submit) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Something went wrong"
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$create"
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$submit"
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure when attempting to create the cert on $computer. Exception: $_" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                    }

                    if ($Computer.IsLocalHost) {
                        $storedCert | Select-Object * | Select-DefaultView -Property FriendlyName, DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer
                    }
                }
            }

            if (!$Computer.IsLocalHost) {

                if (!$secondaryNode) {
                    if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Generating pfx and reading from disk")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting PFX with password to $tempPfx"
                        $certdata = $storedCert.Export([System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ContentType]::PFX, $SecurePassword)
                    }

                    if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Removing cert from disk but keeping it in memory")) {
                        $storedCert | Remove-Item
                    }

                    if ($ClusterInstanceName) { $secondaryNode = $true }
                }

                $scriptblock = {
                    $cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2
                    $cert.Import($args[0], $args[1], "Exportable,PersistKeySet")

                    $certstore = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store($args[3], $args[2])
                    $certstore.Open('ReadWrite')
                    $certstore.Add($cert)
                    $certstore.Close()
                    Get-ChildItem "Cert:\$($args[2])\$($args[3])" -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.Thumbprint -eq $cert.Thumbprint }
                }

                if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $computer to import new cert")) {
                    try {
                        Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $certdata, $SecurePassword, $Store, $Folder -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop |
                            Select-DefaultView -Property DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Issue importing new cert on $computer" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Removing all files from $certDir")) {
                try {
                    Remove-Item -Force -Recurse $certDir -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function "Isue removing files from $certDir" -Target $certDir -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaConnectionString {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Builds or extracts a SQL Server Connection String

    .DESCRIPTION
        Builds or extracts a SQL Server Connection String

        See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnection.connectionstring.aspx
        and https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnectionstringbuilder.aspx
        and https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlconnection.aspx

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user be it Windows or SQL Server. Windows users are determined by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash.

    .PARAMETER AccessToken
        Gets or sets the access token for the connection.

    .PARAMETER AppendConnectionString
        Appends to the current connection string. Note that you cannot pass authentication information using this method. Use -SqlInstance and, optionally, -SqlCredential to set authentication information.

    .PARAMETER ApplicationIntent
        Declares the application workload type when connecting to a server. Possible values are ReadOnly and ReadWrite.

    .PARAMETER BatchSeparator
        By default, this is "GO"

    .PARAMETER ClientName
        By default, this command sets the client to "dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io - custom connection" if you're doing anything that requires profiling, you can look for this client name. Using -ClientName allows you to set your own custom client.

    .PARAMETER ConnectTimeout
        The length of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection to the server before terminating the attempt and generating an error.

        Valid values are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2147483647.

        When opening a connection to a Azure SQL Database, set the connection timeout to 30 seconds.

    .PARAMETER EncryptConnection
        When true, SQL Server uses SSL encryption for all data sent between the client and server if the server has a certificate installed. Recognized values are true, false, yes, and no. For more information, see Connection String Syntax.

        Beginning in .NET Framework 4.5, when TrustServerCertificate is false and Encrypt is true, the server name (or IP address) in a SQL Server SSL certificate must exactly match the server name (or IP address) specified in the connection string. Otherwise, the connection attempt will fail. For information about support for certificates whose subject starts with a wildcard character (*), see Accepted wildcards used by server certificates for server authentication.

    .PARAMETER FailoverPartner
        The name of the failover partner server where database mirroring is configured.

        If the value of this key is "", then Initial Catalog must be present, and its value must not be "".

        The server name can be 128 characters or less.

        If you specify a failover partner but the failover partner server is not configured for database mirroring and the primary server (specified with the Server keyword) is not available, then the connection will fail.

        If you specify a failover partner and the primary server is not configured for database mirroring, the connection to the primary server (specified with the Server keyword) will succeed if the primary server is available.

    .PARAMETER IsActiveDirectoryUniversalAuth
        Azure related

    .PARAMETER LockTimeout
        Sets the time in seconds required for the connection to time out when the current transaction is locked.

    .PARAMETER MaxPoolSize
        Sets the maximum number of connections allowed in the connection pool for this specific connection string.

    .PARAMETER MinPoolSize
        Sets the minimum number of connections allowed in the connection pool for this specific connection string.

    .PARAMETER MultipleActiveResultSets
        When used, an application can maintain multiple active result sets (MARS). When false, an application must process or cancel all result sets from one batch before it can execute any other batch on that connection.

    .PARAMETER MultiSubnetFailover
        If your application is connecting to an AlwaysOn availability group (AG) on different subnets, setting MultiSubnetFailover provides faster detection of and connection to the (currently) active server. For more information about SqlClient support for Always On Availability Groups

    .PARAMETER NetworkProtocol
        Connect explicitly using 'TcpIp','NamedPipes','Multiprotocol','AppleTalk','BanyanVines','Via','SharedMemory' and 'NWLinkIpxSpx'

    .PARAMETER NonPooledConnection
        Request a non-pooled connection

    .PARAMETER PacketSize
        Sets the size in bytes of the network packets used to communicate with an instance of SQL Server. Must match at server.

    .PARAMETER PooledConnectionLifetime
        When a connection is returned to the pool, its creation time is compared with the current time, and the connection is destroyed if that time span (in seconds) exceeds the value specified by Connection Lifetime. This is useful in clustered configurations to force load balancing between a running server and a server just brought online.

        A value of zero (0) causes pooled connections to have the maximum connection timeout.

    .PARAMETER SqlExecutionModes
        The SqlExecutionModes enumeration contains values that are used to specify whether the commands sent to the referenced connection to the server are executed immediately or saved in a buffer.

        Valid values include CaptureSql, ExecuteAndCaptureSql and ExecuteSql.

    .PARAMETER StatementTimeout
        Sets the number of seconds a statement is given to run before failing with a time-out error.

    .PARAMETER TrustServerCertificate
        Sets a value that indicates whether the channel will be encrypted while bypassing walking the certificate chain to validate trust.

    .PARAMETER WorkstationId
        Sets the name of the workstation connecting to SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Connection, Connect, ConnectionString
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaConnectionString

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaConnectionString -SqlInstance sql2014

        Creates a connection string that connects using Windows Authentication

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance sql2016 | New-DbaConnectionString

        Builds a connected SMO object using Connect-DbaInstance then extracts and displays the connection string

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $wincred = Get-Credential ad\sqladmin
        PS C:\> New-DbaConnectionString -SqlInstance sql2014 -Credential $wincred

        Creates a connection string that connects using alternative Windows credentials

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $sqlcred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> $server = New-DbaConnectionString -SqlInstance sql2014 -Credential $sqlcred

        Login to sql2014 as SQL login sqladmin.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $server = New-DbaConnectionString -SqlInstance sql2014 -ClientName "mah connection"

        Creates a connection string that connects using Windows Authentication and uses the client name "mah connection". So when you open up profiler or use extended events, you can search for "mah connection".

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $server = New-DbaConnectionString -SqlInstance sql2014 -AppendConnectionString "Packet Size=4096;AttachDbFilename=C:\MyFolder\MyDataFile.mdf;User Instance=true;"

        Creates a connection string that connects to sql2014 using Windows Authentication, then it sets the packet size (this can also be done via -PacketSize) and other connection attributes.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $server = New-DbaConnectionString -SqlInstance sql2014 -NetworkProtocol TcpIp -MultiSubnetFailover

        Creates a connection string with Windows Authentication that uses TCPIP and has MultiSubnetFailover enabled.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $connstring = New-DbaConnectionString sql2016 -ApplicationIntent ReadOnly

        Creates a connection string with ReadOnly ApplicationIntent.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("SqlCredential")]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$AccessToken,
        [ValidateSet('ReadOnly', 'ReadWrite')]
        [string]$ApplicationIntent,
        [string]$BatchSeparator,
        [string]$ClientName = "custom connection",
        [int]$ConnectTimeout,
        [switch]$EncryptConnection,
        [string]$FailoverPartner,
        [switch]$IsActiveDirectoryUniversalAuth,
        [int]$LockTimeout,
        [int]$MaxPoolSize,
        [int]$MinPoolSize,
        [switch]$MultipleActiveResultSets,
        [switch]$MultiSubnetFailover,
        [ValidateSet('TcpIp', 'NamedPipes', 'Multiprotocol', 'AppleTalk', 'BanyanVines', 'Via', 'SharedMemory', 'NWLinkIpxSpx')]
        [string]$NetworkProtocol,
        [switch]$NonPooledConnection,
        [int]$PacketSize,
        [int]$PooledConnectionLifetime,
        [ValidateSet('CaptureSql', 'ExecuteAndCaptureSql', 'ExecuteSql')]
        [string]$SqlExecutionModes,
        [int]$StatementTimeout,
        [switch]$TrustServerCertificate,
        [string]$WorkstationId,
        [string]$AppendConnectionString
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Making a new Connection String")) {
                if ($instance.GetType() -eq [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server]) {
                    return $instance.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                } else {
                    $guid = [System.Guid]::NewGuid()
                    $server = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server $guid

                    if ($AppendConnectionString) {
                        $connstring = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                        $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString = "$connstring;$appendconnectionstring"
                        $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                    } else {

                        $server.ConnectionContext.ApplicationName = $clientname

                        if ($AccessToken) { $server.ConnectionContext.AccessToken = $AccessToken }
                        if ($BatchSeparator) { $server.ConnectionContext.BatchSeparator = $BatchSeparator }
                        if ($ConnectTimeout) { $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectTimeout = $ConnectTimeout }
                        if ($Database) { $server.ConnectionContext.DatabaseName = $Database }
                        if ($EncryptConnection) { $server.ConnectionContext.EncryptConnection = $true }
                        if ($IsActiveDirectoryUniversalAuth) { $server.ConnectionContext.IsActiveDirectoryUniversalAuth = $true }
                        if ($LockTimeout) { $server.ConnectionContext.LockTimeout = $LockTimeout }
                        if ($MaxPoolSize) { $server.ConnectionContext.MaxPoolSize = $MaxPoolSize }
                        if ($MinPoolSize) { $server.ConnectionContext.MinPoolSize = $MinPoolSize }
                        if ($MultipleActiveResultSets) { $server.ConnectionContext.MultipleActiveResultSets = $true }
                        if ($NetworkProtocol) { $server.ConnectionContext.NetworkProtocol = $NetworkProtocol }
                        if ($NonPooledConnection) { $server.ConnectionContext.NonPooledConnection = $true }
                        if ($PacketSize) { $server.ConnectionContext.PacketSize = $PacketSize }
                        if ($PooledConnectionLifetime) { $server.ConnectionContext.PooledConnectionLifetime = $PooledConnectionLifetime }
                        if ($StatementTimeout) { $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = $StatementTimeout }
                        if ($SqlExecutionModes) { $server.ConnectionContext.SqlExecutionModes = $SqlExecutionModes }
                        if ($TrustServerCertificate) { $server.ConnectionContext.TrustServerCertificate = $true }
                        if ($WorkstationId) { $server.ConnectionContext.WorkstationId = $WorkstationId }

                        $connstring = $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString
                        if ($MultiSubnetFailover) { $connstring = "$connstring;MultiSubnetFailover=True" }
                        if ($FailoverPartner) { $connstring = "$connstring;Failover Partner=$FailoverPartner" }
                        if ($ApplicationIntent) { $connstring = "$connstring;ApplicationIntent=$ApplicationIntent;" }

                        if ($connstring -ne $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString) {
                            $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString = $connstring
                        }
                        if ($null -ne $Credential.username) {
                            $username = ($Credential.username).TrimStart("\")

                            if ($username -like "*\*") {
                                $username = $username.Split("\")[1]
                                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                                #$authtype = "Windows Authentication with Credential"
                                $server.ConnectionContext.LoginSecure = $true
                                $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUser = $true
                                $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUserName = $username
                                $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectAsUserPassword = ($Credential).GetNetworkCredential().Password
                            } else {
                                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                                #$authtype = "SQL Authentication"
                                $server.ConnectionContext.LoginSecure = $false
                                $server.ConnectionContext.set_Login($username)
                                $server.ConnectionContext.set_SecurePassword($Credential.Password)
                            }
                        }

                        ($server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString).Replace($guid, $SqlInstance)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias New-DbaSqlConnectionString
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaConnectionStringBuilder {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns a System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionStringBuilder with the string specified

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionStringBuilder from a connection string.

    .PARAMETER ConnectionString
        A Connection String

    .PARAMETER ApplicationName
        The application name to tell SQL Server the connection is associated with.

    .PARAMETER DataSource
        The Sql Server to connect to.

    .PARAMETER InitialCatalog
        The initial database on the server to connect to.

    .PARAMETER IntegratedSecurity
        Set to true to use windows authentication.

    .PARAMETER UserName
        Sql User Name to connect with.

    .PARAMETER Password
        Password to use to connect with.

    .PARAMETER MultipleActiveResultSets
        Enable Multiple Active Result Sets.

    .PARAMETER ColumnEncryptionSetting
        Enable Always Encrypted.

    .PARAMETER WorkstationID
        Set the Workstation Id that is associated with the connection.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SqlBuild, ConnectionString, Connection
        Author: zippy1981 | Chrissy LeMaire (@cl)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaConnectionStringBuilder

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaConnectionStringBuilder

        Returns an empty ConnectionStringBuilder

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> "Data Source=localhost,1433;Initial Catalog=AlwaysEncryptedSample;UID=sa;PWD=alwaysB3Encrypt1ng;Application Name=Always Encrypted Sample MVC App;Column Encryption Setting=enabled" | New-DbaConnectionStringBuilder

        Returns a connection string builder that can be used to connect to the local sql server instance on the default port.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingUserNameAndPassWordParams", "")]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [string[]]$ConnectionString = "",
        [string]$ApplicationName = "dbatools Powershell Module",
        [string]$DataSource = $null,
        [string]$InitialCatalog = $null,
        [Nullable[bool]]$IntegratedSecurity = $null,
        [string]$UserName = $null,
        # No point in securestring here, the memory is never stored securely in memory.
        [string]$Password = $null,
        [Alias('MARS')]
        [switch]$MultipleActiveResultSets,
        [Alias('AlwaysEncrypted')]
        [Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting]$ColumnEncryptionSetting =
        [Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting]::Enabled,
        [string]$WorkstationId = $env:COMPUTERNAME
    )
    process {
        foreach ($cs in $ConnectionString) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($cs, "Creating new connection string")) {
                $builder = New-Object Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionStringBuilder $cs
                if ($builder.ApplicationName -eq ".Net SqlClient Data Provider") {
                    $builder['Application Name'] = $ApplicationName
                }
                if (![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($DataSource)) {
                    $builder['Data Source'] = $DataSource
                }
                if (![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($InitialCatalog)) {
                    $builder['Initial Catalog'] = $InitialCatalog
                }
                if (![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($IntegratedSecurity)) {
                    $builder['Integrated Security'] = $IntegratedSecurity
                }
                if (![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($UserName)) {
                    $builder["User ID"] = $UserName
                }
                if (![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Password)) {
                    $builder['Password'] = $Password
                }
                if (![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($WorkstationId)) {
                    $builder['Workstation ID'] = $WorkstationId
                }
                if ($MultipleActiveResultSets -eq $true) {
                    $builder['MultipleActiveResultSets'] = $true
                }
                if ($ColumnEncryptionSetting -eq [Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting]::Enabled) {
                    $builder['Column Encryption Setting'] = [Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting]::Enabled
                }
                $builder
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias New-DbaSqlConnectionStringBuilder
    }
}
function New-DbaCredential {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a new SQL Server credential

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a new credential

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server(s)

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Name
        The Credential name

    .PARAMETER Identity
        The Credential Identity

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        Secure string used to authenticate the Credential Identity

    .PARAMETER MappedClassType
        Sets the class associated with the credential.

    .PARAMETER ProviderName
        Sets the name of the provider

    .PARAMETER Force
        If credential exists, drop and recreate

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaCredential -SqlInstance Server1

        You will be prompted to securely enter your password, then a credential will be created in the master database on server1 if it does not exist.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaCredential -SqlInstance Server1 -Confirm:$false

        Suppresses all prompts to install but prompts to securely enter your password and creates a credential on Server1.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaCredential -SqlInstance Server1 -Name AzureBackupBlobStore -Identity '<Azure Storage Account Name>' -SecurePassword (ConvertTo-SecureString '<Azure Storage Account Access Key>' -AsPlainText -Force)

        Create credential on SQL Server 2012 CU2, SQL Server 2014 for use with BACKUP TO URL.
        CredentialIdentity needs to be supplied with the Azure Storage Account Name.
        Password needs to be one of the Access Keys for the account.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaCredential -SqlInstance Server1 -Name 'https://<Azure Storage Account Name>.blob.core.windows.net/<Blob Store Container Name>' -Identity 'SHARED ACCESS SIGNATURE' -SecurePassword (ConvertTo-SecureString '<Shared Access Token>' -AsPlainText -Force)

        Create Credential on SQL Server 2016 or higher for use with BACKUP TO URL.
        Name has to be the full URL for the blob store container that will be the backup target.
        Password needs to be passed the Shared Access Token (SAS Key).

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)] #, ConfirmImpact = "High"
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Name = $Identity,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("CredentialIdentity")]
        [string[]]$Identity,
        [Alias("Password")]
        [Security.SecureString]$SecurePassword,
        [ValidateSet('CryptographicProvider', 'None')]
        [string]$MappedClassType = "None",
        [string]$ProviderName,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $mappedclass = switch ($MappedClassType) {
            "CryptographicProvider" { 1 }
            "None" { 0 }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (!$SecurePassword) {
            Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "Enter the credential password"
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($cred in $Identity) {
                $currentcred = $server.Credentials[$name]

                if ($currentcred) {
                    if ($force) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping credential $name"
                        $currentcred.Drop()
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Credential exists and Force was not specified" -Target $name -Continue
                    }
                }


                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Creating credential for database '$cred' on $instance")) {
                    try {
                        $credential = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Credential -ArgumentList $server, $name
                        $credential.MappedClassType = $mappedclass
                        $credential.ProviderName = $ProviderName
                        $credential.Create($Identity, $SecurePassword)

                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $credential -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $credential -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $credential -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName

                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $credential -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Identity, CreateDate, MappedClassType, ProviderName
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create credential in $cred on $instance. Exception: $($_.Exception.InnerException)" -Target $credential -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaDacOption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a new Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacExtractOptions/DacExportOptions object depending on the chosen Type

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a new Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacExtractOptions/DacExportOptions object that can be used during DacPackage extract. Basically saves you the time from remembering the SMO assembly name ;)

        See:
        https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sqlserver.dac.dacexportoptions.aspx
        https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sqlserver.dac.dacextractoptions.aspx
        for more information

    .PARAMETER Type
        Selecting the type of the export: Dacpac (default) or Bacpac.

    .PARAMETER Action
        Choosing an intended action: Publish or Export.

    .PARAMETER PublishXml
        Specifies the publish profile which will include options and sqlCmdVariables.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Database, Dacpac
        Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar), nvarscar.wordpress.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaDacOption

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $options = New-DbaDacOption -Type Dacpac -Action Export
        PS C:\> $options.ExtractAllTableData = $true
        PS C:\> $options.CommandTimeout = 0
        PS C:\> Export-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database DB1 -Options $options

        Uses DacOption object to set the CommandTimeout to 0 then extracts the dacpac for SharePoint_Config on sql2016 to C:\temp\SharePoint_Config.dacpac including all table data.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $options = New-DbaDacOption -Type Dacpac -Action Publish
        PS C:\> $options.DeployOptions.DropObjectsNotInSource = $true
        PS C:\> Publish-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database DB1 -Options $options -Path c:\temp\db.dacpac

        Uses DacOption object to set Deployment Options and publish the db.dacpac dacpac file as DB1 on sql2016

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    Param (
        [ValidateSet('Dacpac', 'Bacpac')]
        [string]$Type = 'Dacpac',
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateSet('Publish', 'Export')]
        [string]$Action,
        [string]$PublishXml,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("$type", "Creating New DacOptions of $action")) {
        if (-not $script:core) {
            $dacfxPath = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.dll"
            if ((Test-Path $dacfxPath) -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message 'Dac Fx library not found.' -EnableException $EnableException
                return
            } else {
                try {
                    Add-Type -Path $dacfxPath
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dac Fx loaded."
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message 'No usable version of Dac Fx found.' -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
            }
        }
        
        # Pick proper option object depending on type and action
        if ($Action -eq 'Export') {
            if ($Type -eq 'Dacpac') {
                New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacExtractOptions
            } elseif ($Type -eq 'Bacpac') {
                New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacExportOptions
            }
        } elseif ($Action -eq 'Publish') {
            if ($Type -eq 'Dacpac') {
                $output = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.PublishOptions
                if ($PublishXml) {
                    try {
                        $dacProfile = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacProfile]::Load($PublishXml)
                        $output.DeployOptions = $dacProfile.DeployOptions
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not load profile." -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                } else {
                    $output.DeployOptions = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacDeployOptions
                }
                $output.GenerateDeploymentScript = $false
                $output
            } elseif ($Type -eq 'Bacpac') {
                New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacImportOptions
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaDacProfile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a new Publish Profile.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The New-DbaDacProfile command generates a standard publish profile xml file that can be used by the DacFx (this and everything else) to control the deployment of your dacpac
        This generates a standard template XML which is enough to dpeloy a dacpac but it is highly recommended that you add additional options to the publish profile.
        If you use Visual Studio you can open a publish.xml file and use the ui to edit the file -
        To create a new file, right click on an SSDT project, choose "Publish" then "Load Profile" and load your profile or create a new one.
        Once you have loaded it in Visual Studio, clicking advanced shows you the list of options available to you.
        For a full list of options that you can add to the profile, google "sqlpackage.exe command line switches" or (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh550080(v=vs.103).aspx)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Alternatively, you can provide a ConnectionString.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative logins instead Integrated, accepts Credential object created by Get-Credential

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database name you are targeting

    .PARAMETER ConnectionString
        The connection string to the database you are upgrading.

        Alternatively, you can provide a SqlInstance (and optionally SqlCredential) and the script will connect and generate the connectionstring.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The directory where you would like to save the profile xml file(s).

    .PARAMETER PublishOptions
        Optional hashtable to set publish options. Key/value pairs in the hashtable get converted to strings of "<key>value</key>".

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Dacpac
        Author: Richie lee (@richiebzzzt)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaDacProfile

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDacProfile -SqlInstance sql2017 -SqlCredential ad\sqldba -Database WorldWideImporters -Path C:\temp

        In this example, a prompt will appear for alternative credentials, then a connection will be made to sql2017. Using that connection,
        the ConnectionString will be extracted and used within the Publish Profile XML file which will be created at C:\temp\sql2017-WorldWideImporters-publish.xml

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDacProfile -Database WorldWideImporters -Path C:\temp -ConnectionString "SERVER=(localdb)\MSSQLLocalDB;Integrated Security=True;Database=master"

        In this example, no connections are made, and a Publish Profile XML would be created at C:\temp\localdb-MSSQLLocalDB-WorldWideImporters-publish.xml

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string]$Path = "$home\Documents",
        [string[]]$ConnectionString,
        [hashtable]$PublishOptions,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName ConnectionString)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify either SqlInstance or ConnectionString"
        }

        if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$Path doesn't exist or access denied"
        }

        if ((Get-Item $path) -isnot [System.IO.DirectoryInfo]) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Path must be a directory"
        }

        function Convert-HashtableToXMLString($PublishOptions) {
            $return = @()
            if ($PublishOptions) {
                $PublishOptions.GetEnumerator() | ForEach-Object {
                    $key = $PSItem.Key.ToString()
                    $value = $PSItem.Value.ToString()
                    $return += "<$key>$value</$key>"
                }
            }
            $return | Out-String
        }

        function Get-Template ($db, $connstring) {
            "<?xml version=""1.0"" ?>
            <Project ToolsVersion=""14.0"" xmlns=""http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003"">
              <PropertyGroup>
                <TargetDatabaseName>{0}</TargetDatabaseName>
                <TargetConnectionString>{1}</TargetConnectionString>
                <ProfileVersionNumber>1</ProfileVersionNumber>
                {2}
              </PropertyGroup>
            </Project>" -f $db[0], $connstring, $(Convert-HashtableToXMLString($PublishOptions))
        }

        function Get-ServerName ($connstring) {
            $builder = New-Object System.Data.Common.DbConnectionStringBuilder
            $builder.set_ConnectionString($connstring)
            $instance = $builder['data source']

            if (-not $instance) {
                $instance = $builder['server']
            }

            return $instance.ToString().Replace('\', '--')
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $ConnectionString += $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString.Replace(';Application Name="dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io"', '')

        }

        foreach ($connstring in $ConnectionString) {
            foreach ($db in $Database) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Creating new DAC Profile")) {
                    $profileTemplate = Get-Template $db, $connstring
                    $instancename = Get-ServerName $connstring

                    try {
                        $server = [DbaInstance]($instancename.ToString().Replace('--', '\'))
                        $PublishProfile = Join-Path $Path "$($instancename.Replace('--','-'))-$db-publish.xml" -ErrorAction Stop
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Writing to $PublishProfile"
                        $profileTemplate | Out-File $PublishProfile -ErrorAction Stop
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName     = $server.InstanceName
                            SqlInstance      = $server.FullName
                            Database         = $db
                            FileName         = $PublishProfile
                            ConnectionString = $connstring
                            ProfileTemplate  = $profileTemplate
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty ComputerName, InstanceName, ProfileTemplate
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -ErrorRecord $_ -Message "Failure" -Target $instancename -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias New-DbaPublishProfile
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function New-DbaDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a new database

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command creates a new database.

        It allows creation with multiple files, and sets all growth settings to be fixed size rather than percentage growth.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the new database or databases to be created.

    .PARAMETER DataFilePath
        The location that data files will be placed, otherwise the default SQL Server data path will be used.

    .PARAMETER LogFilePath
        The location the log file will be placed, otherwise the default SQL Server log path will be used.

    .PARAMETER Collation
        The database collation, if not supplied the default server collation will be used.

    .PARAMETER Recoverymodel
        The recovery model for the database, if not supplied the recovery model from the model database will be used.

    .PARAMETER Owner
        The login that will be used as the database owner.

    .PARAMETER PrimaryFilesize
        The size in MB for the Primary file. If this is less than the primary file size for the model database, then the model size will be used instead.

    .PARAMETER PrimaryFileGrowth
        The size in MB that the Primary file will autogrow by.

    .PARAMETER PrimaryFileMaxSize
        The maximum permitted size in MB for the Primary File. If this is less the primary file size for the model database, then the model size will be used instead.

    .PARAMETER LogSize
        The size in MB that the Transaction log will be created.

    .PARAMETER LogGrowth
        The amount in MB that the log file will be set to autogrow by.

    .PARAMETER SecondaryFileCount
        The number of files to create in the Secondary filegroup for the database.

    .PARAMETER SecondaryFilesize
        The size in MB of the files to be added to the Secondary filegroup. Each file added will be created with this size setting.

    .PARAMETER SecondaryFileMaxSize
        The maximum permitted size in MB for the Secondary data files to grow to. Each file added will be created with this max size setting.

    .PARAMETER SecondaryFileGrowth
        The amount in MB that the Secondary files will be set to autogrow by. Use 0 for no growth allowed. Each file added will be created with this growth setting.

    .PARAMETER DefaultFileGroup
        Sets the default file group. Either primary or secondary.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database
        Author: Matthew Darwin (@evoDBA, naturalselectiondba.wordpress.com)  | Chrissy LeMaire (@cl)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaDatabase

    .EXAMPLE
        New-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql1

        Creates a randomly named database (random-N) on instance sql1

    .EXAMPLE
        New-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql1 -Name dbatools, dbachecks

        Creates a database named dbatools and a database named dbachecks on sql1

    .EXAMPLE
        New-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Name multidb, multidb2 -SecondaryFilesize 20 -SecondaryFileGrowth 20 -LogSize 20 -LogGrowth 20

        Creates two databases, multidb and multidb2, on 3 instances (sql1, sql2 and sql3) and sets the secondary data file size to 20MB, the file growth to 20MB and the log growth to 20MB for each

    .EXAMPLE
        New-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql1 -Name nondefault -DataFilePath M:\Data -LogFilePath 'L:\Logs with spaces' -SecondaryFileCount 2

        Creates a database named nondefault and places data files in in the M:\data directory and log files in "L:\Logs with spaces".

        Creates a secondary group with 2 files in the Secondary filegroup.

          #>
    [Cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param
    (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Name,
        [string]$Collation,
        [string]$Recoverymodel,
        [string]$Owner,
        [string]$DataFilePath,
        [string]$LogFilePath,
        [int32]$PrimaryFilesize,
        [int32]$PrimaryFileGrowth,
        [int32]$PrimaryFileMaxSize,
        [int32]$LogSize,
        [int32]$LogGrowth,
        [int32]$SecondaryFilesize,
        [int32]$SecondaryFileGrowth,
        [int32]$SecondaryFileMaxSize,
        [int32]$SecondaryFileCount,
        [ValidateSet('Primary', 'Secondary')]
        [string]$DefaultFileGroup,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # do some checks to see if the advanced config settings will be invoked
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName DataFilePath, LogFilePath, DefaultFileGroup) {
            $advancedconfig = $true
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName PrimaryFilesize, PrimaryFileGrowth, PrimaryFileMaxSize) {
            $advancedconfig = $true
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName LogSize, LogGrowth) {
            $advancedconfig = $true
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName SecondaryFilesize, SecondaryFileMaxSize, SecondaryFileGrowth, SecondaryFileCount) {
            $advancedconfig = $true
        }

        if ($advancedconfig) {
            Write-Message -Message "Advanced data file configuration will be invoked" -Level Verbose
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($advancedconfig -and $server.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Advanced configuration options are not available to SQL Server 2000. Aborting creation of database on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Name)) {
                $Name = "random-$(Get-Random)"
            }

            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName DataFilePath)) {
                $DataFilePath = (Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $server).Data
            }

            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName LogFilePath)) {
                $LogFilePath = (Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $server).Log
            }

            if (-not (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $LogFilePath)) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Creating directory $LogFilePath" -Level Verbose
                    $null = New-DbaDirectory -SqlInstance $server -Path $LogFilePath -EnableException
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Error creating log file directory $LogFilePath" -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }

            if (-not (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $DataFilePath)) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Creating directory $DataFilePath" -Level Verbose
                    $null = New-DbaDirectory -SqlInstance $server -Path $DataFilePath -EnableException
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Error creating secondary file directory $DataFilePath on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Message "Set local data path to $DataFilePath and local log path to $LogFilePath" -Level Verbose

            foreach ($dbname in $Name) {
                if ($server.Databases[$dbname].Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database $dbname already exists on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Creating smo object for new database $dbname" -Level Verbose
                    $newdb = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database($server, $dbname)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Error creating database object for $dbname on server $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                if ($Collation) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting collation to $Collation" -Level Verbose
                    $newdb.Collation = $Collation
                }

                if ($Recoverymodel) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting recovery model to $Recoverymodel" -Level Verbose
                    $newdb.Recoverymodel = $Recoverymodel
                }

                if ($advancedconfig) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Message "Creating PRIMARY filegroup" -Level Verbose
                        $primaryfg = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Filegroup($newdb, "PRIMARY")
                        $newdb.Filegroups.Add($primaryfg)
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Error creating Primary filegroup object" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }

                    #add the primary file
                    try {
                        $primaryfilename = $dbname + "_PRIMARY"
                        Write-Message -Message "Creating file name $primaryfilename in filegroup PRIMARY" -Level Verbose

                        #check the size of the modeldev file; if larger than our $PrimaryFilesize setting use that instead
                        if ($server.Databases["model"].FileGroups["PRIMARY"].Files["modeldev"].Size -gt ($PrimaryFilesize * 1024)) {
                            Write-Message -Message "model database modeldev larger than our the PrimaryFilesize so using modeldev size for Primary file" -Level Verbose
                            $PrimaryFilesize = ($server.Databases["model"].FileGroups["PRIMARY"].Files["modeldev"].Size / 1024)
                            if ($PrimaryFilesize -gt $PrimaryFileMaxSize) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Resetting Primary File Max size to be the new Primary File Size setting" -Level Verbose
                                $PrimaryFileMaxSize = $PrimaryFilesize
                            }
                        }

                        #create the filegroup object
                        $primaryfile = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DataFile($primaryfg, $primaryfilename)
                        $primaryfile.FileName = $DataFilePath + "\" + $primaryfilename + ".mdf"
                        $primaryfile.IsPrimaryFile = $true

                        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName PrimaryFilesize) {
                            $primaryfile.Size = ($PrimaryFilesize * 1024)
                        }
                        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName PrimaryFileGrowth) {
                            $primaryfile.Growth = ($PrimaryFileGrowth * 1024)
                            $primaryfile.GrowthType = "KB"
                        }
                        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName PrimaryFileMaxSize) {
                            $primaryfile.MaxSize = ($PrimaryFileMaxSize * 1024)
                        }

                        #add the file to the filegroup
                        $primaryfg.Files.Add($primaryfile)
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Error adding file to Primary filegroup" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }

                    try {
                        $logname = $dbname + "_Log"
                        Write-Message -Message "Creating log $logname" -Level Verbose

                        #check the size of the modellog file; if larger than our $LogSize setting use that instead
                        if ($server.Databases["model"].LogFiles["modellog"].Size -gt ($LogSize * 1024)) {
                            Write-Message -Message "model database modellog larger than our the LogSize so using modellog size for Log file size" -Level Verbose
                            $LogSize = ($server.Databases["model"].LogFiles["modellog"].Size / 1024)
                        }

                        $tlog = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LogFile($newdb, $logname)
                        $tlog.FileName = $LogFilePath + "\" + $logname + ".ldf"

                        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName LogSize) {
                            $tlog.Size = ($LogSize * 1024)
                        }
                        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName LogGrowth) {
                            $tlog.Growth = ($LogGrowth * 1024)
                            $tlog.GrowthType = "KB"
                        }

                        #add the log to the db
                        $newdb.LogFiles.Add($tlog)
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Error adding log file to database." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }

                    if (Test-Bound -ParameterName SecondaryFileMaxSize, SecondaryFileGrowth, SecondaryFilesize) {
                        #add the Secondary data file group
                        try {
                            $secondaryfilegroupname = $dbname + "_MainData"
                            Write-Message -Message "Creating Secondary filegroup $secondaryfilegroupname" -Level Verbose

                            $secondaryfg = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Filegroup($newdb, $secondaryfilegroupname)
                            $newdb.Filegroups.Add($secondaryfg)
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Error creating Secondary filegroup" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                        }

                        # add the required number of files to the filegroup in a loop
                        $secondaryfgcount = $bail = 0

                        # open a loop while the filecounter is less than the required number of files
                        do {
                            $secondaryfgcount++
                            try {
                                $secondaryfilename = "$($secondaryfilegroupname)_$($secondaryfgcount)"
                                Write-Message -Message "Creating file name $secondaryfilename in filegroup $secondaryfilegroupname" -Level Verbose
                                $secondaryfile = New-Object Microsoft.SQLServer.Management.Smo.Datafile($secondaryfg, $secondaryfilename)
                                $secondaryfile.FileName = $DataFilePath + "\" + $secondaryfilename + ".ndf"

                                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName SecondaryFilesize) {
                                    $secondaryfile.Size = ($SecondaryFilesize * 1024)
                                }
                                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName SecondaryFileGrowth) {
                                    $secondaryfile.Growth = ($SecondaryFileGrowth * 1024)
                                    $secondaryfile.GrowthType = "KB"
                                }
                                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName SecondaryFileMaxSize) {
                                    $secondaryfile.MaxSize = ($SecondaryFileMaxSize * 1024)
                                }

                                $secondaryfg.Files.Add($secondaryfile)
                            } catch {
                                $bail = $true
                                Stop-Function -Message "Error adding file $secondaryfg to $secondaryfilegroupname" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                                return
                            }
                        } while ($secondaryfgcount -le $SecondaryFileCount -or $bail)
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Message "Creating Database $dbname" -Level Verbose
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating the database $dbname on instance $instance")) {
                    try {
                        $newdb.Create()
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Error creating Database $dbname on server $instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }

                    if ($Owner) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting database owner to $Owner" -Level Verbose
                        try {
                            $newdb.SetOwner($Owner)
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Error setting Database Owner to $Owner" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    if ($DefaultFileGroup -eq "Secondary") {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting default filegroup to $secondaryfilegroupname" -Level Verbose
                        try {
                            $newdb.SetDefaultFileGroup($secondaryfilegroupname)
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Error setting default filegorup to $secondaryfilegroupname" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }

                    Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -Database $dbname
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaDbCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a new database certificate

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a new database certificate. If no database is specified, the certificate will be created in master.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database where the certificate will be created. Defaults to master.

    .PARAMETER Name
        Optional name to create the certificate. Defaults to database name.

    .PARAMETER Subject
        Optional subject to create the certificate.

    .PARAMETER StartDate
        Optional secure string used to create the certificate.

    .PARAMETER ExpirationDate
        Optional secure string used to create the certificate.

    .PARAMETER ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog
        Optional secure string used to create the certificate.

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        Optional password - if no password is supplied, the password will be protected by the master key

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1

        You will be prompted to securely enter your password, then a certificate will be created in the master database on server1 if it does not exist.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Confirm:$false

        Suppresses all prompts to install but prompts to securely enter your password and creates a certificate in the 'db1' database

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Name,
        [string[]]$Database = "master",
        [string[]]$Subject,
        [datetime]$StartDate = (Get-Date),
        [datetime]$ExpirationDate = $StartDate.AddYears(5),
        [switch]$ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog,
        [Alias("Password")]
        [Security.SecureString]$SecurePassword,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias New-DbaDatabaseCertificate
    }
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Name)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Name of certificate not specified, setting it to '$db'"
                $Name = $db.Name
            }

            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Subject)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Subject not specified, setting it to '$Name Database Certificate'"
                $subject = "$Name Database Certificate"
            }

            foreach ($cert in $Name) {
                if ($null -ne $db.Certificates[$cert]) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Certificate '$cert' already exists in $($db.Name) on $($db.Parent.Name)" -Target $db -Continue
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Parent.Name, "Creating certificate for database '$($db.Name)'")) {

                    # something is up with .net, force a stop
                    $eap = $ErrorActionPreference
                    $ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
                    try {
                        $smocert = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Certificate $db, $cert
                        $smocert.StartDate = $StartDate
                        $smocert.Subject = $Subject
                        $smocert.ExpirationDate = $ExpirationDate
                        $smocert.ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog = $ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog

                        if ($SecurePassword) {
                            $smocert.Create(([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($SecurePassword))))
                        } else {
                            $smocert.Create()
                        }

                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $smocert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $db.Parent.ComputerName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $smocert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $db.Parent.ServiceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $smocert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $db.Parent.DomainInstanceName
                        Add-Member -Force -InputObject $smocert -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $smocert -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Name, Subject, StartDate, ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog, ExpirationDate, Issuer, LastBackupDate, Owner, PrivateKeyEncryptionType, Serial
                    } catch {
                        $ErrorActionPreference = $eap
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create certificate in $($db.Name) on $($db.Parent.Name)" -Target $smocert -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                    $ErrorActionPreference = $eap
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaDbMasterKey {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a new database master key

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a new database master key. If no database is specified, the master key will be created in master.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Enables easy creation of a secure password.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database where the master key will be created. Defaults to master.

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        Secure string used to create the key.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Database object piped in from Get-DbaDatabase.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDbMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1

        You will be prompted to securely enter your password, then a master key will be created in the master database on server1 if it does not exist.


    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDbMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1 -Credential usernamedoesntmatter

        You will be prompted by a credential interface to securely enter your password, then a master key will be created in the master database on server1 if it does not exist.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDbMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Confirm:$false

        Suppresses all prompts to install but prompts in th console to securely enter your password and creates a master key in the 'db1' database

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string[]]$Database = "master",
        [Alias("Password")]
        [Security.SecureString]$SecurePassword,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($Credential) {
            $SecurePassword = $Credential.Password
        } else {
            if (-not $SecurePassword) {
                $SecurePassword = Read-Host "Password" -AsSecureString
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            if ($null -ne $db.MasterKey) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Master key already exists in the $db database on $($db.Parent.Name)" -Target $db -Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Parent.Name, "Creating master key for database '$($db.Name)'")) {
                try {
                    $masterkey = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MasterKey $db
                    $masterkey.Create(([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($SecurePassword))))

                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $db.Parent.ComputerName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $db.Parent.ServiceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $db.Parent.DomainInstanceName
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $masterkey -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Database -value $db.Name

                    Select-DefaultView -InputObject $masterkey -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, CreateDate, DateLastModified, IsEncryptedByServer
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create master key in $db on $instance. Exception: $($_.Exception.InnerException)" -Target $masterkey -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias New-DbaDatabaseMasterKey
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaDbSnapshot {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates database snapshots

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates database snapshots without hassles

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user

    .PARAMETER AllDatabases
        Creates snapshot for all eligible databases

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts for confirmation of every step.

    .PARAMETER Name
        The specific snapshot name you want to create. Works only if you target a single database. If you need to create multiple snapshot,
        you must use the NameSuffix parameter

    .PARAMETER NameSuffix
        When you pass a simple string, it'll be appended to use it to build the name of the snapshot. By default snapshots are created with yyyyMMdd_HHmmss suffix
        You can also pass a standard placeholder, in which case it'll be interpolated (e.g. '{0}' gets replaced with the database name)

    .PARAMETER Path
        Snapshot files will be created here (by default the filestructure will be created in the same folder as the base db)

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows Piping from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER Force
        Databases with Filestream FG can be snapshotted, but the Filestream FG is marked offline
        in the snapshot. To create a "partial" snapshot, you need to pass -Force explicitely

        NB: You can't then restore the Database from the newly-created snapshot.
        For details, check https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb895334.aspx

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Snapshot, Restore, Database
        Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphold)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaDbSnapshot

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting

        Creates snapshot for HR and Accounting, returning a custom object displaying Server, Database, DatabaseCreated, SnapshotOf, SizeMB, DatabaseCreated, PrimaryFilePath, Status, Notes

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -Name HR_snap

        Creates snapshot named "HR_snap" for HR

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -NameSuffix 'fool_{0}_snap'

        Creates snapshot named "fool_HR_snap" for HR

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting -Path F:\snapshotpath

        Creates snapshots for HR and Accounting databases, storing files under the F:\snapshotpath\ dir

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database df | New-DbaDbSnapshot

        Creates a snapshot for the database df on sql2016

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [string]$Name,
        [string]$NameSuffix,
        [string]$Path,
        [switch]$Force,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $NoSupportForSnap = @('model', 'master', 'tempdb')
        # Evaluate the default suffix here for naming consistency
        $DefaultSuffix = (Get-Date -Format "yyyyMMdd_HHmmss")
        if ($NameSuffix.Length -gt 0) {
            #Validate if Name can be interpolated
            try {
                $null = $NameSuffix -f 'some_string'
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "NameSuffix parameter must be a template only containing one parameter {0}" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }

        function Resolve-SnapshotError($server) {
            $errhelp = ''
            $CurrentEdition = $server.Edition.toLower()
            $CurrentVersion = $server.Version.Major * 1000000 + $server.Version.Minor * 10000 + $server.Version.Build
            if ($server.Version.Major -lt 9) {
                $errhelp = 'Not supported before 2005'
            }
            if ($CurrentVersion -lt 12002000 -and $errhelp.Length -eq 0) {
                if ($CurrentEdition -notmatch '.*enterprise.*|.*developer.*|.*datacenter.*') {
                    $errhelp = 'Supported only for Enterprise, Developer or Datacenter editions'
                }
            }
            $message = ""
            if ($errhelp.Length -gt 0) {
                $message += "Please make sure your version supports snapshots : ($errhelp)"
            } else {
                $message += "This module can't tell you why the snapshot creation failed. Feel free to report back to dbatools what happened"
            }
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $message
        }
    }
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject -and -not $Database -and $AllDatabases -eq $false) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -AllDatabases or -Database to continue" -EnableException $EnableException
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            #Checks for path existence, left the length test because test-bound wasn't working for some reason
            if ($Path.Length -gt 0) {
                if (!(Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $instance -Path $Path)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$instance cannot access the directory $Path" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue -EnableException $EnableException
                }
            }

            if ($AllDatabases) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases
            }

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name }
            }

            ## double check for gotchas
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                if ($db.IsDatabaseSnapshot) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$($db.name) is a snapshot, skipping"
                } elseif ($db.name -in $NoSupportForSnap) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$($db.name) snapshots are prohibited"
                } elseif ($db.IsAccessible -ne $true) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($db.name) is not accessible, skipping"
                } else {
                    $InputObject += $db
                }
            }

            if ($InputObject.Length -gt 1 -and $Name) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You passed the Name parameter that is fixed but selected multiple databases to snapshot: use the NameSuffix parameter" -Continue -EnableException $EnableException
            }
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            $server = $db.Parent

            # In case stuff is piped in
            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server version 9 required - $server not supported" -Continue
            }

            if ($NameSuffix.Length -gt 0) {
                $SnapName = $NameSuffix -f $db.Name
                if ($SnapName -eq $NameSuffix) {
                    #no interpolation, just append
                    $SnapName = '{0}{1}' -f $db.Name, $NameSuffix
                }
            } elseif ($Name.Length -gt 0) {
                $SnapName = $Name
            } else {
                $SnapName = "{0}_{1}" -f $db.Name, $DefaultSuffix
            }
            if ($SnapName -in $server.Databases.Name) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "A database named $Snapname already exists, skipping"
                continue
            }
            $all_FSD = $db.FileGroups | Where-Object FileGroupType -eq 'FileStreamDataFileGroup'
            $all_MMO = $db.FileGroups | Where-Object FileGroupType -eq 'MemoryOptimizedDataFileGroup'
            $has_FSD = $all_FSD.Count -gt 0
            $has_MMO = $all_MMO.Count -gt 0
            if ($has_MMO) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_DATA detected, snapshots are not possible"
                continue
            }
            if ($has_FSD -and $Force -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Filestream detected, skipping. You need to specify -Force. See Get-Help for details"
                continue
            }
            $snaptype = "db snapshot"
            if ($has_FSD) {
                $snaptype = "partial db snapshot"
            }
            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Create $snaptype $SnapName of $($db.Name)")) {
                $CustomFileStructure = @{ }
                $counter = 0
                foreach ($fg in $db.FileGroups) {
                    $CustomFileStructure[$fg.Name] = @()
                    if ($fg.FileGroupType -eq 'FileStreamDataFileGroup') {
                        Continue
                    }
                    foreach ($file in $fg.Files) {
                        $counter += 1
                        $basename = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($file.FileName)
                        $basepath = Split-Path $file.FileName -Parent
                        # change path if specified
                        if ($Path.Length -gt 0) {
                            $basepath = $Path
                        }
                        # we need to avoid cases where basename is the same for multiple FG
                        $fname = [IO.Path]::Combine($basepath, ("{0}_{1}_{2:0000}_{3:000}" -f $basename, $DefaultSuffix, (Get-Date).MilliSecond, $counter))
                        # fixed extension is hardcoded as "ss", which seems a "de-facto" standard
                        $fname = [IO.Path]::ChangeExtension($fname, "ss")
                        $CustomFileStructure[$fg.Name] += @{ 'name' = $file.name; 'filename' = $fname }
                    }
                }

                $SnapDB = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database -ArgumentList $server, $Snapname
                $SnapDB.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName = $db.Name

                foreach ($fg in $CustomFileStructure.Keys) {
                    $SnapFG = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.FileGroup $SnapDB, $fg
                    $SnapDB.FileGroups.Add($SnapFG)
                    foreach ($file in $CustomFileStructure[$fg]) {
                        $SnapFile = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DataFile $SnapFG, $file['name'], $file['filename']
                        $SnapDB.FileGroups[$fg].Files.Add($SnapFile)
                    }
                }

                # we're ready to issue a Create, but SMO is a little uncooperative here
                # there are cases we can manage and others we can't, and we need all the
                # info we can get both from testers and from users

                $sql = $SnapDB.Script()

                try {
                    $SnapDB.Create()
                    $server.Databases.Refresh()
                    Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance $server -Snapshot $Snapname
                } catch {
                    try {
                        $server.Databases.Refresh()
                        if ($SnapName -notin $server.Databases.Name) {
                            # previous creation failed completely, snapshot is not there already
                            $null = $server.Query($sql[0])
                            $server.Databases.Refresh()
                            $SnapDB = Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance $server -Snapshot $Snapname
                        } else {
                            $SnapDB = Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance $server -Snapshot $Snapname
                        }

                        $Notes = @()
                        if ($db.ReadOnly -eq $true) {
                            $Notes += 'SMO is probably trying to set a property on a read-only snapshot, run with -Debug to find out and report back'
                        }
                        if ($has_FSD) {
                            #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                            #$Status = 'Partial'
                            $Notes += 'Filestream groups are not viable for snapshot'
                        }
                        $Notes = $Notes -Join ';'

                        $hints = @("Executing these commands led to a partial failure")
                        foreach ($stmt in $sql) {
                            $hints += $stmt
                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message ($hints -Join "`n")

                        $SnapDB
                    } catch {
                        # Resolve-SnapshotError $server
                        $hints = @("Executing these commands led to a failure")
                        foreach ($stmt in $sql) {
                            $hints += $stmt
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message ($hints -Join "`n")

                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SnapDB -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot
    }
}
function New-DbaDbUser {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a new user for the specified database.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a new user for a specified database with provided specifications.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to the default instance on localhost.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:

        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.

        Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.

        To connect to SQL Server as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. By default, system databases are excluded.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystem
        If this switch is enabled, the user will be added to system databases.

    .PARAMETER Login
        When specified, the user will be associated to this SQL login and have the same name as the Login.

    .PARAMETER Username
        When specified, the user will have this name.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If user exists, drop and recreate.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, User
        Author: Frank Henninger (@osiris687)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaDbUser

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database DB1 -Login user1

        Creates a new sql user with login named user1 in the specified database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database DB1 -Username user1

        Creates a new sql user without login named user1 in the specified database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database DB1 -Login Login1 -Username user1

        Creates a new sql user named user1 mapped to Login1 in the specified database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver1 -Database DB1 | New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2 -Database DB1

        Copies users from sqlserver1.DB1 to sqlserver2.DB1. Does not copy permissions!

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "NoLogin")]
    param(
        [parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystem,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Login")]
        [string[]]$Login,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "NoLogin")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Login")]
        [string[]]$Username,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Test-SqlLoginInDatabase {
            param(
                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login]$Login,
                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database]$Database
            )

            # Does user exist with same login?
            if ( $existingUser = ( $Database.Users | Where-Object Login -eq $smoLogin ) ) {
                if (Test-Bound 'Force') {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($existingUser, "Dropping existing user $($existingUser.Name) because -Force was used")) {
                        try {
                            $existingUser.Drop()
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove existing user $($existingUser.Name), skipping." -Target $existingUser -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException -Continue
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "User $($existingUser.Name) already exists and -Force was not specified" -Target $existingUser -Continue
                }
            }
        }

        function Test-SqlUserInDatabase {
            param(
                [string[]]$Username,
                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database]$Database
            )

            # Does user exist with same login?
            if ( $existingUser = ( $Database.Users | Where-Object Name -eq $Username ) ) {
                if (Test-Bound 'Force') {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($existingUser, "Dropping existing user $($existingUser.Name) because -Force was used")) {
                        try {
                            $existingUser.Drop()
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove existing user $($existingUser.Name), skipping." -Target $existingUser -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException -Continue
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "User $($existingUser.Name) already exists and -Force was not specified" -Target $existingUser -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible -eq $true

            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }
            if (Test-Bound 'IncludeSystem' -Not) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object IsSystemObject -NE $true
            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Add users to Database $db on target $server"

                switch -Wildcard ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {
                    "Login*" {
                        # Creates a user with Login
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Using UserType: SqlLogin"

                        if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -notcontains 'Login') {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Parameter -Login is required " -Target $instance
                        }
                        if ($Login.GetType().Name -eq 'Login') {
                            $smoLogin = $Login
                        } else {
                            #get the login associated with the given name.
                            $smoLogin = $server.Logins | Where-Object Name -eq $Login
                            if ($null -eq $smoLogin) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Invalid Login: $Login is not found on $Server" -Target $instance;
                                return
                            }
                        }

                        Test-SqlLoginInDatabase -Database $db -Login $smoLogin

                        if ( $PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "LoginWithNewUsername" ) {
                            $Name = $Username
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using UserName: $Username"
                        } else {
                            $Name = $smoLogin.Name
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using LoginName: $Name"
                        }

                        $Login = $smoLogin
                        $UserType = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.UserType]::SqlLogin
                    }

                    "NoLogin" {
                        # Creates a user without login
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using UserType: NoLogin"
                        $UserType = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.UserType]::NoLogin
                        $Name = $Username
                    }
                } #switch

                # Does user exist with same name?
                Test-SqlUserInDatabase -Database $db -Username $Name

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Creating user $Name")) {
                    try {
                        $smoUser = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.User
                        $smoUser.Parent = $db
                        $smoUser.Name = $Name

                        if ( $PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'Login' -and $Login.GetType().Name -eq 'Login' ) {
                            $smoUser.Login = Login
                        }
                        $smoUser.UserType = $UserType

                        $smoUser.Create()
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add user $Name in $db to $instance"  -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                    $smoUser.Refresh()

                    if ( $PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'Username' -and $smoUser.Name -ne $Username ) {
                        $smoUser.Rename($Username)
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $smoUser in $db to $instance."
                }

                #Display Results
                Get-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -Database $db.Name | Where-Object name -eq $smoUser.Name
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaDirectory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates new path as specified by the path variable

    .DESCRIPTION
        Uses master.dbo.xp_create_subdir to create the path
        Returns $true if the path can be created, $false otherwise

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server you want to run the test on.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The Path to tests. Can be a file or directory.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Path, Directory, Folder
        Author: Stuart Moore

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: Admin access to server (not SQL Services),
        Remoting must be enabled and accessible if $SqlInstance is not local

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaDirectory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDirectory -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Path L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP

        If the SQL Server instance sqlcluster can create the path L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP it will do and return $true, if not it will return $false.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $credential = Get-Credential
        PS C:\> New-DbaDirectory -SqlInstance sqlcluster -SqlCredential $credential -Path L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP

        If the SQL Server instance sqlcluster can create the path L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP it will do and return $true, if not it will return $false. Uses a SqlCredential to connect

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Path,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias New-DbaSqlDirectory

    foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
        }

        $Path = $Path.Replace("'", "''")

        $exists = Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path $Path

        if ($exists) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$Path already exists" -Target $server -Continue
        }

        $sql = "EXEC master.dbo.xp_create_subdir'$path'"
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($path, "Creating a new path on $($server.name)")) {
            try {
                $null = $server.Query($sql)
                $Created = $true
            } catch {
                $Created = $false
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                Server  = $SqlInstance
                Path    = $Path
                Created = $Created
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaEndpoint {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates endpoints on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates endpoints on a SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the endpoint. If a name is not specified, one will be auto-generated.

    .PARAMETER Type
        The type of endpoint. Defaults to DatabaseMirroring. Options: DatabaseMirroring, ServiceBroker, Soap, TSql

    .PARAMETER Protocol
        The type of protocol. Defaults to tcp. Options: Tcp, NamedPipes, Http, Via, SharedMemory

    .PARAMETER Role
        The type of role. Defaults to All. Options: All, None, Partner, Witness

    .PARAMETER Port
        Port for TCP. If one is not provided, it will be autogenerated.

    .PARAMETER SslPort
        Port for SSL

    .PARAMETER Certificate
        Database certificate used for authentication.

    .PARAMETER EndpointEncryption
        Used to specify the state of encryption on the endpoint. Defaults to required.
        Disabled
        Required
        Supported

    .PARAMETER EncryptionAlgorithm
        Specifies an encryption algorithm used on an endpoint. Defaults to Aes.

        Options are:
        AesRC4
        Aes
        None
        RC4
        RC4Aes

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Owner
        Owner of the endpoint. Defaults to sa.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Endpoint
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaEndpoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance localhost

        Creates all Endpoint(s) on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all Endpoint(s) for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Name,
        [ValidateSet('DatabaseMirroring', 'ServiceBroker', 'Soap', 'TSql')]
        [string]$Type = 'DatabaseMirroring',
        [ValidateSet('Tcp', 'NamedPipes', 'Http', 'Via', 'SharedMemory')]
        [string]$Protocol = 'Tcp',
        [ValidateSet('All', 'None', 'Partner', 'Witness')]
        [string]$Role = 'All',
        [ValidateSet('Disabled', 'Required', 'Supported')]
        [string]$EndpointEncryption = 'Required',
        [ValidateSet('Aes', 'AesRC4', 'None', 'RC4', 'RC4Aes')]
        [string]$EncryptionAlgorithm = 'Aes',
        [string]$Certificate,
        [int]$Port,
        [int]$SslPort,
        [string]$Owner,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Name -Not)) {
            $name = "endpoint-" + [DateTime]::Now.ToString('s').Replace(":", "-")
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Owner)) {
                $Owner = Get-SaLoginName -SqlInstance $server
            }

            if ($Certificate) {
                $cert = Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance $server -Certificate $Certificate
                if (-not $cert) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Certificate $Certificate does not exist on $instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Certificate -Continue
                }
            }

            # Thanks to https://github.com/mmessano/PowerShell/blob/master/SQL-ConfigureDatabaseMirroring.ps1
            if ($Port) {
                $tcpPort = $port
            } else {
                $thisport = (Get-DbaEndPoint -SqlInstance $server).Protocol.Tcp
                $measure = $thisport | Measure-Object ListenerPort -Maximum

                if ($thisport.ListenerPort -eq 0) {
                    $tcpPort = 5022
                } elseif ($measure.Maximum) {
                    $maxPort = $measure.Maximum
                    #choose a random port that is greater than the current max port
                    $tcpPort = $maxPort + (New-Object Random).Next(1, 500)
                } else {
                    $maxPort = 5000
                    #choose a random port that is greater than the current max port
                    $tcpPort = $maxPort + (New-Object Random).Next(1, 500)
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Creating endpoint $Name of type $Type using protocol $Protocol and if TCP then using Port $tcpPort")) {
                try {
                    $endpoint = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.EndPoint $server, $Name
                    $endpoint.ProtocolType = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ProtocolType]::$Protocol
                    $endpoint.EndpointType = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.EndpointType]::$Type
                    $endpoint.Owner = $Owner
                    if ($Protocol -eq "TCP") {
                        $endpoint.Protocol.Tcp.ListenerPort = $tcpPort
                        $endpoint.Payload.DatabaseMirroring.ServerMirroringRole = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ServerMirroringRole]::$Role
                        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName SslPort) {
                            $endpoint.Protocol.Tcp.SslPort = $SslPort
                        }

                        $endpoint.Payload.DatabaseMirroring.EndpointEncryption = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.EndpointEncryption]::$EndpointEncryption
                        $endpoint.Payload.DatabaseMirroring.EndpointEncryptionAlgorithm = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.EndpointEncryptionAlgorithm]::$EncryptionAlgorithm

                    }
                    if ($Certificate) {
                        $outscript = $endpoint.Script()
                        $outscript = $outscript.Replace("ROLE = ALL,", "ROLE = ALL, AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE $cert,")
                        $server.Query($outscript)
                    } else {
                        $null = $endpoint.Create()
                    }

                    $server.Endpoints.Refresh()
                    Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $server -Endpoint $name
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaLogin {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a new SQL Server login

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a new SQL Server login with provided specifications

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server(s)

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Login
        The Login name(s)

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        Secure string used to authenticate the Login

    .PARAMETER HashedPassword
        Hashed password string used to authenticate the Login

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Takes the parameters required from a Login object that has been piped into the command

    .PARAMETER LoginRenameHashtable
        Pass a hash table into this parameter to change login names when piping objects into the procedure

    .PARAMETER MapToCertificate
        Map the login to a certificate

    .PARAMETER MapToAsymmetricKey
        Map the login to an asymmetric key

    .PARAMETER MapToCredential
        Map the login to a credential

    .PARAMETER Sid
        Provide an explicit Sid that should be used when creating the account. Can be [byte[]] or hex [string] ('0xFFFF...')

    .PARAMETER DefaultDatabase
        Default database for the login

    .PARAMETER Language
        Login's default language

    .PARAMETER PasswordExpiration
        Enforces password expiration policy. Requires PasswordPolicy to be enabled. Can be $true or $false(default)

    .PARAMETER PasswordPolicy
        Enforces password complexity policy. Can be $true or $false(default)

    .PARAMETER Disabled
        Create the login in a disabled state

    .PARAMETER NewSid
        Ignore sids from the piped login object to generate new sids on the server. Useful when copying login onto the same server

    .PARAMETER Force
        If login exists, drop and recreate

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Login, Security
        Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaLogin

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance Server1,Server2 -Login Newlogin

        You will be prompted to securely enter the password for a login [Newlogin]. The login would be created on servers Server1 and Server2 with default parameters.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $securePassword = Read-Host "Input password" -AsSecureString
        PS C:\> New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance Server1\sql1 -Login Newlogin -Password $securePassword -PasswordPolicy -PasswordExpiration

        Creates a login on Server1\sql1 with a predefined password. The login will have password and expiration policies enforced onto it.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login Oldlogin | New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -LoginRenameHashtable @{Oldlogin = 'Newlogin'} -Force -NewSid -Disabled:$false

        Copies a login [Oldlogin] to the same instance sql1 with the same parameters (including password). New login will have a new sid, a new name [Newlogin] and will not be disabled. Existing login [Newlogin] will be removed prior to creation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login Login1,Login2 | New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2 -PasswordPolicy -PasswordExpiration -DefaultDatabase tempdb -Disabled

        Copies logins [Login1] and [Login2] from instance sql1 to instance sql2, but enforces password and expiration policies for the new logins. New logins will also have a default database set to [tempdb] and will be created in a disabled state.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login domain\user

        Creates a new Windows Authentication backed login on sql1. The login will be part of the public server role.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Password", ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "", Justification = "For Parameters Password and MapToCredential")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Name", "LoginName")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password", Position = 2)]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToCertificate")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToAsymmetricKey")]
        [string[]]$Login,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToCertificate")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToAsymmetricKey")]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias("Rename")]
        [hashtable]$LoginRenameHashtable,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password", Position = 3)]
        [Alias("Password")]
        [Security.SecureString]$SecurePassword,
        [Alias("Hash", "PasswordHash")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [string]$HashedPassword,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToCertificate")]
        [string]$MapToCertificate,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToAsymmetricKey")]
        [string]$MapToAsymmetricKey,
        [string]$MapToCredential,
        [object]$Sid,
        [Alias("DefaulDB")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [string]$DefaultDatabase,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [string]$Language,
        [Alias("Expiration", "CheckExpiration")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [switch]$PasswordExpiration,
        [Alias("Policy", "CheckPolicy")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")]
        [switch]$PasswordPolicy,
        [Alias("Disable")]
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [switch]$NewSid,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($Sid) {
            if ($Sid.GetType().Name -ne 'Byte[]') {
                foreach ($symbol in $Sid.TrimStart("0x").ToCharArray()) {
                    if ($symbol -notin "0123456789ABCDEF".ToCharArray()) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Sid has invalid character '$symbol', cannot proceed." -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException
                        return
                    }
                }
                $Sid = Convert-HexStringToByte $Sid
            }
        }

        if ($HashedPassword) {
            if ($HashedPassword.GetType().Name -eq 'Byte[]') {
                $HashedPassword = Convert-ByteToHexString $HashedPassword
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        #At least one of those should be specified
        if (!($Login -or $InputObject)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "No logins have been specified." -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException
            Return
        }

        $loginCollection = @()
        if ($InputObject) {
            $loginCollection += $InputObject
            if ($Login) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Parameter -Login is not supported when processing objects from -InputObject. If you need to rename the logins, please use -LoginRenameHashtable." -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException
                Return
            }
        } else {
            $loginCollection += $Login
        }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($loginItem in $loginCollection) {
                #check if $loginItem is an SMO Login object
                if ($loginItem.GetType().Name -eq 'Login') {
                    #Get all the necessary fields
                    $loginName = $loginItem.Name
                    $loginType = $loginItem.LoginType
                    $currentSid = $loginItem.Sid
                    $currentDefaultDatabase = $loginItem.DefaultDatabase
                    $currentLanguage = $loginItem.Language
                    $currentPasswordExpiration = $loginItem.PasswordExpiration
                    $currentPasswordPolicyEnforced = $loginItem.PasswordPolicyEnforced
                    $currentDisabled = $loginItem.IsDisabled

                    #Get previous password
                    if ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin' -and !($SecurePassword -or $HashedPassword)) {
                        $sourceServer = $loginItem.Parent
                        switch ($sourceServer.versionMajor) {
                            0 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) as hashedpass FROM master.dbo.syslogins WHERE loginname='$loginName'" }
                            8 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) as hashedpass FROM dbo.syslogins WHERE name='$loginName'" }
                            9 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password_hash) as hashedpass FROM sys.sql_logins where name='$loginName'" }
                            default {
                                $sql = "SELECT CAST(CONVERT(VARCHAR(256), CAST(LOGINPROPERTY(name,'PasswordHash')
                                    AS VARBINARY(256)), 1) AS NVARCHAR(max)) AS hashedpass
                                    FROM sys.server_principals
                                    WHERE principal_id = $($loginItem.id)"
                            }
                        }

                        try {
                            $hashedPass = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
                        } catch {
                            $hashedPassDt = $sourceServer.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql)
                            $hashedPass = $hashedPassDt.Tables[0].Rows[0].Item(0)
                        }

                        if ($hashedPass.GetType().Name -ne "String") {
                            $hashedPass = Convert-ByteToHexString $hashedPass
                        }
                        $currentHashedPassword = $hashedPass
                    }

                    #Get cryptography and attached credentials
                    if ($loginType -eq 'AsymmetricKey') {
                        $currentAsymmetricKey = $loginItem.AsymmetricKey
                    }
                    if ($loginType -eq 'Certificate') {
                        $currentCertificate = $loginItem.Certificate
                    }
                    #This method or property is accessible only while working with SQL Server 2008 or later.
                    if ($sourceServer.versionMajor -gt 9) {
                        if ($loginItem.EnumCredentials()) {
                            $currentCredential = $loginItem.EnumCredentials()
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    $loginName = $loginItem
                    $currentSid = $currentDefaultDatabase = $currentLanguage = $currentPasswordExpiration = $currentAsymmetricKey = $currentCertificate = $currentCredential = $currentDisabled = $currentPasswordPolicyEnforced = $null

                    if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "MapToCertificate") { $loginType = 'Certificate' }
                    elseif ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "MapToAsymmetricKey") { $loginType = 'AsymmetricKey' }
                    elseif ($loginItem.IndexOf('\') -eq -1) {    $loginType = 'SqlLogin' }
                    else { $loginType = 'WindowsUser' }
                }

                if (($server.LoginMode -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ServerLoginMode]::Mixed) -and ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin')) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$instance does not have Mixed Mode enabled. [$loginName] is an SQL Login. Enable mixed mode authentication after the migration completes to use this type of login."
                }

                if ($Sid) {
                    $currentSid = $Sid
                }
                if ($DefaultDatabase) {
                    $currentDefaultDatabase = $DefaultDatabase
                }
                if ($Language) {
                    $currentLanguage = $Language
                }
                if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'PasswordExpiration') {
                    $currentPasswordExpiration = $PasswordExpiration
                }
                if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'PasswordPolicy') {
                    $currentPasswordPolicyEnforced = $PasswordPolicy
                }
                if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'MapToAsymmetricKey') {
                    $currentAsymmetricKey = $MapToAsymmetricKey
                }
                if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'MapToCertificate') {
                    $currentCertificate = $MapToCertificate
                }
                if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'MapToCredential') {
                    $currentCredential = $MapToCredential
                }
                if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'Disabled') {
                    $currentDisabled = $Disabled
                }

                #Apply renaming if necessary
                if ($LoginRenameHashtable.Keys -contains $loginName) {
                    $loginName = $LoginRenameHashtable[$loginName]
                }

                #Requesting password if required
                if ($loginItem.GetType().Name -ne 'Login' -and $loginType -eq 'SqlLogin' -and !($SecurePassword -or $HashedPassword)) {
                    $SecurePassword = Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "Enter a new password for the SQL Server login(s)"
                }

                #verify if login exists on the server
                if (($existingLogin = $server.Logins[$loginName])) {
                    if ($force) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($existingLogin, "Dropping existing login $loginName on $instance because -Force was used")) {
                            try {
                                $existingLogin.Drop()
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove existing login $loginName on $instance, skipping." -Target $loginName -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Login $loginName already exists on $instance and -Force was not specified" -Target $loginName -Continue
                    }
                }


                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Creating login $loginName on $instance")) {
                    try {
                        $newLogin = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login($server, $loginName)
                        $newLogin.LoginType = $loginType

                        $withParams = ""

                        if ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin' -and $currentSid -and !$NewSid) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $loginName SID"
                            $withParams += ", SID = " + (Convert-ByteToHexString $currentSid)
                            $newLogin.Set_Sid($currentSid)
                        }

                        if ($loginType -in ("WindowsUser", "WindowsGroup", "SqlLogin")) {
                            if ($currentDefaultDatabase) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $loginName default database to $currentDefaultDatabase"
                                $withParams += ", DEFAULT_DATABASE = [$currentDefaultDatabase]"
                                $newLogin.DefaultDatabase = $currentDefaultDatabase
                            }

                            if ($currentLanguage) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $loginName language to $currentLanguage"
                                $withParams += ", DEFAULT_LANGUAGE = [$currentLanguage]"
                                $newLogin.Language = $currentLanguage
                            }

                            #CHECK_EXPIRATION: default - OFF
                            if ($currentPasswordExpiration) {
                                $withParams += ", CHECK_EXPIRATION = ON"
                                $newLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled = $true
                            } else {
                                $withParams += ", CHECK_EXPIRATION = OFF"
                                $newLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled = $false
                            }

                            #CHECK_POLICY: default - ON
                            if ($currentPasswordPolicyEnforced) {
                                $withParams += ", CHECK_POLICY = ON"
                                $newLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced = $true
                            } else {
                                $withParams += ", CHECK_POLICY = OFF"
                                $newLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced = $false
                            }

                            #Generate hashed password if necessary
                            if ($SecurePassword) {
                                $currentHashedPassword = Get-PasswordHash $SecurePassword $server.versionMajor
                            } elseif ($HashedPassword) {
                                $currentHashedPassword = $HashedPassword
                            }
                        } elseif ($loginType -eq 'AsymmetricKey') {
                            $newLogin.AsymmetricKey = $currentAsymmetricKey
                        } elseif ($loginType -eq 'Certificate') {
                            $newLogin.Certificate = $currentCertificate
                        }

                        #Add credential
                        if ($currentCredential) {
                            $withParams += ", CREDENTIAL = [$currentCredential]"
                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding as login type $loginType"

                        # Attempt to add login using SMO, then T-SQL
                        try {
                            if ($loginType -in ("WindowsUser", "WindowsGroup", "AsymmetricKey", "Certificate")) {
                                if ($withParams) { $withParams = " WITH " + $withParams.TrimStart(',') }
                                $newLogin.Create()
                            } elseif ($loginType -eq "SqlLogin") {
                                $newLogin.Create($currentHashedPassword, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginCreateOptions]::IsHashed)
                            }
                            $newLogin.Refresh()

                            #Adding credential
                            if ($currentCredential) {
                                try {
                                    $newLogin.AddCredential($currentCredential)
                                } catch {
                                    $newLogin.Drop()
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $loginName to $instance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                                }
                            }
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $loginName to $instance."
                        } catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to create $loginName on $instance using SMO, trying T-SQL."
                            try {
                                if ($loginType -eq 'AsymmetricKey') { $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] FROM ASYMMETRIC KEY [$currentAsymmetricKey]" }
                                elseif ($loginType -eq 'Certificate') { $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] FROM CERTIFICATE [$currentCertificate]" }
                                elseif ($loginType -eq "SqlLogin") { $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] WITH PASSWORD = $currentHashedPassword HASHED" + $withParams }
                                else { $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] FROM WINDOWS" + $withParams }

                                $null = $server.Query($sql)
                                $newLogin = $server.logins[$loginName]
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $loginName to $instance."
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $loginName to $instance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                            }
                        }

                        #Process the Disabled property
                        if ($currentDisabled) {
                            try {
                                $newLogin.Disable()
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Login $loginName has been disabled on $instance."
                            } catch {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to disable $loginName on $instance using SMO, trying T-SQL."
                                try {
                                    $sql = "ALTER LOGIN [$loginName] DISABLE"
                                    $null = $server.Query($sql)
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Login $loginName has been disabled on $instance."
                                } catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to disable $loginName on $instance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        #Display results
                        Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $server -Login $loginName
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create login $loginName on $instance." -Target $credential -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbaScriptingOption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a new Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions object

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a new Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions object. Basically saves you the time from remembering the SMO assembly name ;)

        See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.scriptingoptions.aspx for more information

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Backup, DR
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaScriptingOption

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $options = New-DbaScriptingOption
        PS C:\> $options.ScriptDrops = $false
        PS C:\> $options.WithDependencies = $true
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 | Export-DbaScript -ScriptingOptionObject $options

        Exports Agent Jobs with the Scripting Options ScriptDrops set to $false and WithDependencies set to true

    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    param()
    New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ScriptingOptions
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaServiceMasterKey {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a new service master key.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a new service master key in the master database.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        Secure string used to create the key.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Enables easy creation of a secure password.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaServiceMasterKey -SqlInstance Server1

        You will be prompted to securely enter your Service Key password, then a master key will be created in the master database on server1 if it does not exist.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("Password")]
        [Security.SecureString]$SecurePassword,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$instance", "Creating New MasterKey")) {
                New-DbaDbMasterKey -SqlInstance $instance -Database master -SecurePassword $SecurePassword -Credential $Credential
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaSsisCatalog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Enables the SSIS Catalog on a SQL Server 2012+

    .DESCRIPTION
        After installing the SQL Server Engine and SSIS you still have to enable the SSIS Catalog. This function will enable the catalog and gives the option of supplying the password.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server you wish to run the function on.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credentials used to connect to the SQL Server

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        Required password that will be used for the security key in SSISDB.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Use a credential object instead of a securepassword

    .PARAMETER SsisCatalog
        SSIS catalog name. By default, this is SSISDB.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SSIS, SSISDB, Catalog
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaSsisCatalog

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $SecurePassword = Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "Enter password"
        PS C:\> New-DbaSsisCatalog -SqlInstance DEV01 -SecurePassword $SecurePassword

        Creates the SSIS Catalog on server DEV01 with the specified password.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaSsisCatalog -SqlInstance sql2016 -Credential usernamedoesntmatter

        Creates the SSIS Catalog on server DEV01 with the specified password in the credential prompt. As the example username suggets the username does not matter.
        This is simply an easier way to get a secure password.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("Password")]
        [Security.SecureString]$SecurePassword,
        [string]$SsisCatalog = "SSISDB",
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if (-not $SecurePassword -and -not $Credential) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify either -SecurePassword or -Credential"
            return
        }
        if (-not $SecurePassword -and $Credential) {
            $SecurePassword = $Credential.Password
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            ## check if SSIS and Engine running on box
            $services = Get-DbaService -ComputerName $server.ComputerName

            $ssisservice = $Services | Where-Object {
                $_.ServiceType -eq "SSIS" -and $_.State -eq "Running"
            }

            if (-not $ssisservice) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SSIS is not running on $instance" -Continue -Target $instance
            }

            #if SQL 2012 or higher only validate databases with ContainmentType = NONE
            $clrenabled = Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $server -Name IsSqlClrEnabled

            if (-not $clrenabled.RunningValue) {
                Stop-Function -Message 'CLR Integration must be enabled.  You can enable it by running Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance sql2012 -Config IsSqlClrEnabled -Value $true' -Continue -Target $instance
            }

            try {
                $ssis = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.IntegrationServices.IntegrationServices $server
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't load server" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            if ($ssis.Catalogs.Count -gt 0) {
                Stop-Function -Message "SSIS Catalog already exists" -Continue -Target $ssis.Catalogs
            } else {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Creating SSIS catalog: $SsisCatalog")) {
                    try {
                        $ssisdb = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.IntegrationServices.Catalog ($ssis, $SsisCatalog, $(([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($SecurePassword)))))
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create SSIS Catalog: $_" -Target $_ -Continue
                    }
                    try {
                        $ssisdb.Create()
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            SsisCatalog  = $SsisCatalog
                            Created      = $true
                        }
                    } catch {
                        $msg = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.Message
                        if (-not $msg) {
                            $msg = $_
                        }
                        Stop-Function -Message "$msg" -Target $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function New-DbatoolsSupportPackage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a package of troubleshooting information that can be used by dbatools to help debug issues.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function creates an extensive debugging package that can help with reproducing and fixing issues.

        The file will be created on the desktop by default and will contain quite a bit of information:
        - OS Information
        - Hardware Information (CPU, Ram, things like that)
        - .NET Information
        - PowerShell Information
        - Your input history
        - The In-Memory message log
        - The In-Memory error log
        - Screenshot of the console buffer (Basically, everything written in your current console, even if you have to scroll upwards to see it.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The folder where to place the output xml in.

    .PARAMETER Variables
        Name of additional variables to attach.
        This allows you to add the content of variables to the support package, if you believe them to be relevant to the case.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Debug
        Author: Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbatoolsSupportPackage

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbatoolsSupportPackage

        Creates a large support pack in order to help us troubleshoot stuff.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [string]
        $Path = "$($env:USERPROFILE)\Desktop",

        [string[]]
        $Variables,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        #region Helper functions
        function Get-ShellBuffer {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param ()

            try {
                # Define limits
                $rec = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.Rectangle
                $rec.Left = 0
                $rec.Right = $host.ui.rawui.BufferSize.Width - 1
                $rec.Top = 0
                $rec.Bottom = $host.ui.rawui.BufferSize.Height - 1

                # Load buffer
                $buffer = $host.ui.rawui.GetBufferContents($rec)

                # Convert Buffer to list of strings
                $int = 0
                $lines = @()
                while ($int -le $rec.Bottom) {
                    $n = 0
                    $line = ""
                    while ($n -le $rec.Right) {
                        $line += $buffer[$int, $n].Character
                        $n++
                    }
                    $line = $line.TrimEnd()
                    $lines += $line
                    $int++
                }

                # Measure empty lines at the beginning
                $int = 0
                $temp = $lines[$int]
                while ($temp -eq "") { $int++; $temp = $lines[$int] }

                # Measure empty lines at the end
                $z = $rec.Bottom
                $temp = $lines[$z]
                while ($temp -eq "") { $z--; $temp = $lines[$z] }

                # Skip the line launching this very function
                $z--

                # Measure empty lines at the end (continued)
                $temp = $lines[$z]
                while ($temp -eq "") { $z--; $temp = $lines[$z] }

                # Cut results to the limit and return them
                return $lines[$int .. $z]
            } catch {
                # here to avoid an empty catch
                $null = 1
            }
        }
        #endregion Helper functions
    }
    process {
        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Creating a Support Package for diagnosing Dbatools")) {

            $filePathXml = "$($Path.Trim('\'))\dbatools_support_pack_$(Get-Date -Format "yyyy_MM_dd-HH_mm_ss").xml"
            $filePathZip = $filePathXml -replace "\.xml$", ".zip"

            Write-Message -Level Critical -Message @"
Gathering information...
Will write the final output to: $filePathZip

Please submit this file to the team, to help with troubleshooting whatever issue you encountered.
Be aware that this package contains a lot of information including your input history in the console.
Please make sure no sensitive data (such as passwords) can be caught this way.

Ideally start a new console, perform the minimal steps required to reproduce the issue, then run this command.
This will make it easier for us to troubleshoot and you won't be sending us the keys to your castle.
"@

            $hash = @{ }
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting dbatools logged messages (Get-DbatoolsLog)"
            $hash["Messages"] = Get-DbatoolsLog
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting dbatools logged errors (Get-DbatoolsLog -Errors)"
            $hash["Errors"] = Get-DbatoolsLog -Errors
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting copy of console buffer (what you can see on your console)"
            $hash["ConsoleBuffer"] = Get-ShellBuffer
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting Operating System information (Win32_OperatingSystem)"
            $hash["OperatingSystem"] = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_OperatingSystem
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting CPU information (Win32_Processor)"
            $hash["CPU"] = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_Processor
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting Ram information (Win32_PhysicalMemory)"
            $hash["Ram"] = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_PhysicalMemory
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting PowerShell & .NET Version (`$PSVersionTable)"
            $hash["PSVersion"] = $PSVersionTable
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting Input history (Get-History)"
            $hash["History"] = Get-History
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting list of loaded modules (Get-Module)"
            $hash["Modules"] = Get-Module
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting list of loaded snapins (Get-PSSnapin)"
            $hash["SnapIns"] = Get-PSSnapin
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Collecting list of loaded assemblies (Name, Version, and Location)"
            $hash["Assemblies"] = [appdomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Select-Object CodeBase, FullName, Location, ImageRuntimeVersion, GlobalAssemblyCache, IsDynamic

            if (Test-Bound "Variables") {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Adding variables specified for export: $($Variables -join ", ")"
                $hash["Variables"] = $Variables | Get-Variable -ErrorAction Ignore
            }

            $data = [pscustomobject]$hash

            try { $data | Export-Clixml -Path $filePathXml -ErrorAction Stop }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to export dump to file!" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $filePathXml
                return
            }

            try { Compress-Archive -Path $filePathXml -DestinationPath $filePathZip -ErrorAction Stop }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to pack dump-file into a zip archive. Please do so manually before submitting the results as the unpacked xml file will be rather large." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $filePathZip
                return
            }

            Remove-Item -Path $filePathXml -ErrorAction Ignore
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Ending"
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaXESession {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Creates a new XESession object - for the dogged.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates a new XESession object - for the dogged (very manual, Import-DbaXESession is recommended). See the following for more info:

        https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/extended-events/use-the-powershell-provider-for-extended-events

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        The Name of the session to be created.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaXESession

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $session = New-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 -Name XeSession_Test
        PS C:\> $event = $session.AddEvent("sqlserver.file_written")
        PS C:\> $event.AddAction("package0.callstack")
        PS C:\> $session.Create()

        Returns a new XE Session object from sql2017 then adds an event, an action then creates it.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Name,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating new XESession")) {
                $SqlConn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
                $SqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $SqlConn
                $store = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $SqlStoreConnection

                $store.CreateSession($Name)
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaXESmartCsvWriter {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This response type is used to write Extended Events to a CSV file.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This response type is used to write Extended Events to a CSV file.

    .PARAMETER OutputFile
        Specifies the path to the output CSV file.

    .PARAMETER Overwrite
        Specifies whether any existiting file should be overwritten or not.

    .PARAMETER OutputColumn
        Specifies the list of columns to output from the events. XESmartTarget will capture in memory and write to the target table only the columns (fields or targets) that are present in this list.

        Fields and actions are matched in a case-sensitive manner.

        Expression columns are supported. Specify a column with ColumnName AS Expression to add an expression column (Example: Total AS Reads + Writes)

    .PARAMETER Event
        Specifies a list of events to be processed (with others being ignored. By default, all events are processed.

    .PARAMETER Filter
        Specifies a filter expression in the same form as you would use in the WHERE clause of a SQL query.

        Example: duration > 10000 AND cpu_time > 10000

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl) | SmartTarget by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaXESmartCsvWriter

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $columns = "cpu_time", "duration", "physical_reads", "logical_reads", "writes", "row_count"
        PS C:\> $response = New-DbaXESmartCsvWriter -OutputFile c:\temp\workload.csv -OutputColumn $columns -OverWrite -Event "sql_batch_completed"
        PS C:\> Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance localhost\sql2017 -Session "Profiler Standard" -Responder $response

        Writes Extended Events to the file "C:\temp\workload.csv".

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$OutputFile,
        [switch]$Overwrite,
        [string[]]$Event,
        [string[]]$OutputColumn,
        [string]$Filter,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Creating new XESmartCsvWriter Object")) {
            try {
                $writer = New-Object -TypeName XESmartTarget.Core.Responses.CsvAppenderResponse
                $writer.OutputFile = $OutputFile
                $writer.OverWrite = $Overwrite
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Event") {
                    $writer.Events = $Event
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "OutputColumn") {
                    $writer.OutputColumns = $OutputColumn
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Filter") {
                    $writer.Filter = $Filter
                }
                $writer
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget" -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaXESmartEmail {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This response type can be used to send an email each time an event is captured.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This response type can be used to send an email each time an event is captured.

    .PARAMETER SmtpServer
        Address of the SMTP server for outgoing mail.

    .PARAMETER Sender
        Sender's email address.

    .PARAMETER To
        Address of the To recipient(s).

    .PARAMETER Cc
        Address of the Cc recipient(s).

    .PARAMETER Bcc
        Address of the Bcc recipient(s).

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object containing username and password used to authenticate on the SMTP server. When blank, no authentication is performed.

    .PARAMETER Subject
        Subject of the mail message. Accepts placeholders in the text.

        Placeholders are in the form {PropertyName}, where PropertyName is one of the fields or actions available in the Event object.

        For instance, a valid Subject in a configuration file looks like this: "An event of name {Name} occurred at {collection_time}"

    .PARAMETER Body
        Body of the mail message. The body can be static text or any property taken from the underlying event. See Subject for a description of how placeholders work.

    .PARAMETER Attachment
        Data to attach to the email message. At this time, it can be any of the fields/actions of the underlying event. The data from the field/action is attached to the message as an ASCII stream. A single attachment is supported.

    .PARAMETER AttachmentFileName
        File name to assign to the attachment.

    .PARAMETER PlainText
        If this switch is enabled, the email will be sent in plain text. By default, HTML formatting is used.

    .PARAMETER Event
        Each Response can be limited to processing specific events, while ignoring all the other ones. When this attribute is omitted, all events are processed.

    .PARAMETER Filter
        You can specify a filter expression by using this attribute. The filter expression is in the same form that you would use in a SQL query. For example, a valid example looks like this: duration > 10000 AND cpu_time > 10000

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl) | SmartTarget by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaXESmartEmail

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $params = @{
        >> SmtpServer = "smtp.ad.local"
        >> To = "[email protected]"
        >> Sender = "[email protected]"
        >> Subject = "Query executed"
        >> Body = "Query executed at {collection_time}"
        >> Attachment = "batch_text"
        >> AttachmentFileName = "query.sql"
        >> }
        >>
        PS C:\> $emailresponse = New-DbaXESmartEmail @params
        PS C:\> Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session querytracker -Responder $emailresponse

        Sends an email each time a querytracker event is captured.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$SmtpServer,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Sender,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$To,
        [string[]]$Cc,
        [string[]]$Bcc,
        [pscredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Subject,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Body,
        [string]$Attachment,
        [string]$AttachmentFileName,
        [string]$PlainText,
        [string[]]$Event,
        [string]$Filter,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Creating new XESmartEmail Object")) {
            try {
                $email = New-Object -TypeName XESmartTarget.Core.Responses.EmailResponse
                $email.SmtpServer = $SmtpServer
                $email.Sender = $Sender
                $email.To = $To
                $email.Cc = $Cc
                $email.Bcc = $Bcc
                $email.Subject = $Subject
                $email.Body = $Body
                $email.Attachment = $Attachment
                $email.AttachmentFileName = $AttachmentFileName
                $email.HTMLFormat = ($PlainText -eq $false)
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Event") {
                    $email.Events = $Event
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Filter") {
                    $email.Filter = $Filter
                }

                if ($Credential) {
                    $email.UserName = $Credential.UserName
                    $email.Password = $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                }

                $email
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget" -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaXESmartQueryExec {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This response type executes a T-SQL command against a target database whenever an event is recorded.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This response type executes a T-SQL command against a target database whenever an event is recorded.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the name of the database that contains the target table.

    .PARAMETER Query
        The T-SQL command to execute. This string can contain placeholders for properties taken from the events.

        Placeholders are in the form {PropertyName}, where PropertyName is one of the fields or actions available in the Event object.

    .PARAMETER Event
        Each Response can be limited to processing specific events, while ignoring all the other ones. When this attribute is omitted, all events are processed.

    .PARAMETER Filter
        You can specify a filter expression by using this attribute. The filter expression is in the same form that you would use in a SQL query. For example, a valid example looks like this: duration > 10000 AND cpu_time > 10000

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl) | SmartTarget by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaXESmartQueryExec

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $response = New-DbaXESmartQueryExec -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database dbadb -Query "update table set whatever = 1"
        PS C:\> Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session deadlock_tracker -Responder $response

        Executes a T-SQL command against dbadb on sql2017 whenever a deadlock event is recorded.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Database,
        [string]$Query,
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [string[]]$Event,
        [string]$Filter
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating new XESmartQueryExec")) {
                $execute = New-Object -TypeName XESmartTarget.Core.Responses.ExecuteTSQLResponse
                $execute.ServerName = $server.Name
                $execute.DatabaseName = $Database
                $execute.TSQL = $Query

                if ($SqlCredential) {
                    $execute.UserName = $SqlCredential.UserName
                    $execute.Password = $SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                }

                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Event") {
                    $execute.Events = $Event
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Filter") {
                    $execute.Filter = $Filter
                }

                $execute
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaXESmartReplay {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This response type can be used to replay execution related events to a target SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This response type can be used to replay execution related events to a target SQL Server instance. The events that you can replay are of the type sql_batch_completed and rpc_completed: all other events are ignored.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Name of the initial catalog to connect to. Statements will be replayed by changing database to the same database where the event was originally captured, so this property only controls the initial database to connect to.

    .PARAMETER Event
        Each Response can be limited to processing specific events, while ignoring all the other ones. When this attribute is omitted, all events are processed.

    .PARAMETER Filter
        Specifies a filter expression in the same form as you would use in the WHERE clause of a SQL query.

        Example: duration > 10000 AND cpu_time > 10000

    .PARAMETER DelaySeconds
        Specifies the duration of the delay in seconds.

    .PARAMETER ReplayIntervalSeconds
        Specifies the duration of the replay interval in seconds.

    .PARAMETER StopOnError
        If this switch is enabled, the replay will be stopped when the first error is encountered. By default, error messages are piped to the log and console output, and replay proceeds.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl) | SmartTarget by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaXESmartReplay

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $response = New-DbaXESmartReplay -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database planning
        PS C:\> Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2016 -Session loadrelay -Responder $response

        Replays events from sql2016 on sql2017 in the planning database. Returns a PowerShell job object.

        To see a list of all SmartTarget job objects, use Get-DbaXESmartTarget.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $response = New-DbaXESmartReplay -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database planning
        PS C:\> Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session 'Profiler Standard' -Responder $response -NotAsJob

        Replays events from the 'Profiler Standard' session on sql2016 to sql2017's planning database. Does not run as a job so you can see the raw output.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Database,
        [string[]]$Event = "sql_batch_completed",
        [string]$Filter,
        [int]$DelaySeconds,
        [switch]$StopOnError,
        [int]$ReplayIntervalSeconds,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating new XESmartReply")) {
                Write-Message -Message "Making a New XE SmartReplay for $Event against $instance running on $($server.name)" -Level Verbose
                try {
                    $replay = New-Object -TypeName XESmartTarget.Core.Responses.ReplayResponse
                    $replay.ServerName = $instance
                    $replay.DatabaseName = $Database
                    $replay.Events = $Event
                    $replay.StopOnError = $StopOnError
                    $replay.Filter = $Filter
                    $replay.DelaySeconds = $DelaySeconds
                    $replay.ReplayIntervalSeconds = $ReplayIntervalSeconds

                    if ($SqlCredential) {
                        $replay.UserName = $SqlCredential.UserName
                        $replay.Password = $SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                    }

                    $replay
                } catch {
                    $message = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException | Out-String
                    Stop-Function -Message $message -Target "XESmartTarget" -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function New-DbaXESmartTableWriter {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This response type is used to write Extended Events to a database table.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This response type is used to write Extended Events to a database table. The events are temporarily stored in memory before being written to the database at regular intervals.

        The target table can be created manually upfront or you can let the TableAppenderResponse create a target table based on the fields and actions available in the events captured.

        The columns of the target table and the fields/actions of the events are mapped by name (case-sensitive).

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the name of the database that contains the target table.

    .PARAMETER Table
        Specifies the name of the target table.

    .PARAMETER AutoCreateTargetTable
        If this switch is enabled, XESmartTarget will infer the definition of the target table from the columns captured in the Extended Events session.

        If the target table already exists, it will not be recreated.

    .PARAMETER UploadIntervalSeconds
        Specifies the number of seconds XESmartTarget will keep the events in memory before dumping them to the target table. The default is 10 seconds.

    .PARAMETER OutputColumn
        Specifies the list of columns to output from the events. XESmartTarget will capture in memory and write to the target table only the columns (fields or targets) that are present in this list.

        Fields and actions are matched in a case-sensitive manner.

        Expression columns are supported. Specify a column with ColumnName AS Expression to add an expression column (Example: Total AS Reads + Writes)

    .PARAMETER Event
        Specifies a list of events to be processed (with others being ignored. By default, all events are processed.

    .PARAMETER Filter
        Specifies a filter expression in the same form as you would use in the WHERE clause of a SQL query.

        Example: duration > 10000 AND cpu_time > 10000

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl) | SmartTarget by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
        SmartTarget: by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaXESmartTableWriter

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $columns = "cpu_time", "duration", "physical_reads", "logical_reads", "writes", "row_count", "batch_text"
        PS C:\> $response = New-DbaXESmartTableWriter -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database dbadb -Table deadlocktracker -OutputColumn $columns -Filter "duration > 10000"
        PS C:\> Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session deadlock_tracker -Responder $response

        Writes Extended Events to the deadlocktracker table in dbadb on sql2017.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Database,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Table,
        [switch]$AutoCreateTargetTable,
        [int]$UploadIntervalSeconds = 10,
        [string[]]$Event,
        [string[]]$OutputColumn,
        [string]$Filter,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating new XESmartTableWriter")) {
                try {
                    $writer = New-Object -TypeName XESmartTarget.Core.Responses.TableAppenderResponse
                    $writer.ServerName = $server.Name
                    $writer.DatabaseName = $Database
                    $writer.TableName = $Table
                    $writer.AutoCreateTargetTable = $AutoCreateTargetTable
                    $writer.UploadIntervalSeconds = $UploadIntervalSeconds
                    if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Event") {
                        $writer.Events = $Event
                    }
                    if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "OutputColumn") {
                        $writer.OutputColumns = $OutputColumn
                    }
                    if (Test-Bound -ParameterName "Filter") {
                        $writer.Filter = $Filter
                    }
                    $writer
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget" -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Publish-DbaDacPackage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        The Publish-DbaDacPackage command takes a dacpac which is the output from an SSDT project and publishes it to a database. Changing the schema to match the dacpac and also to run any scripts in the dacpac (pre/post deploy scripts).

    .DESCRIPTION
        Deploying a dacpac uses the DacFx which historically needed to be installed on a machine prior to use. In 2016 the DacFx was supplied by Microsoft as a nuget package (Microsoft.Data.Tools.MSBuild) and this uses that nuget package.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the filesystem path to the DACPAC

    .PARAMETER PublishXml
        Specifies the publish profile which will include options and sqlCmdVariables.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the name of the database being published.

    .PARAMETER ConnectionString
        Specifies the connection string to the database you are upgrading. This is not required if SqlInstance is specified.

    .PARAMETER GenerateDeploymentScript
        If this switch is enabled, the publish script will be generated.

    .PARAMETER GenerateDeploymentReport
        If this switch is enabled, the publish XML report  will be generated.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Selecting the type of the export: Dacpac (default) or Bacpac.

    .PARAMETER DacOption
        Export options for a corresponding export type. Can be created by New-DbaDacOption -Type Dacpac | Bacpac

    .PARAMETER OutputPath
        Specifies the filesystem path (directory) where output files will be generated.

    .PARAMETER ScriptOnly
        If this switch is enabled, only the change scripts will be generated.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSqlCmdVars
        If this switch is enabled, SqlCmdVars in publish.xml will have their values overwritten.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER DacFxPath
        Path to the dac dll. If this is ommited, then the version of dac dll which is packaged with dbatools is used.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Database, Dacpac
        Author: Richie lee (@richiebzzzt)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Publish-DbaDacPackage

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $options = New-DbaDacOption -Type Dacpac -Action Publish
        PS C:\> $options.DeployOptions.DropObjectsNotInSource = $true
        PS C:\> Publish-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database DB1 -DacOption $options -Path c:\temp\db.dacpac

        Uses DacOption object to set Deployment Options and updates DB1 database on sql2016 from the db.dacpac dacpac file, dropping objects that are missing from source

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Publish-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database WideWorldImporters -Path C:\temp\sql2016-WideWorldImporters.dacpac -PublishXml C:\temp\sql2016-WideWorldImporters-publish.xml

        Updates WideWorldImporters on sql2017 from the sql2016-WideWorldImporters.dacpac using the sql2016-WideWorldImporters-publish.xml publish profile

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaDacProfile -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database db2 -Path C:\temp
        PS C:\> Export-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database db2 | Publish-DbaDacPackage -PublishXml C:\temp\sql2016-db2-publish.xml -Database db1, db2 -SqlInstance sql2017

        Creates a publish profile at C:\temp\sql2016-db2-publish.xml, exports the .dacpac to $home\Documents\sql2016-db2.dacpac
        then publishes it to the sql2017 server database db2

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $loc = "C:\Users\bob\source\repos\Microsoft.Data.Tools.Msbuild\lib\net46\Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.dll"
        PS C:\> Publish-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance "local" -Database WideWorldImporters -Path C:\temp\WideWorldImporters.dacpac -PublishXml C:\temp\WideWorldImporters.publish.xml -DacFxPath $loc

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Publish-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database WideWorldImporters -Path C:\temp\sql2016-WideWorldImporters.dacpac -PublishXml C:\temp\sql2016-WideWorldImporters-publish.xml -GenerateDeploymentScript -ScriptOnly

        Does not deploy the changes, but will generate the deployment script that would be executed against WideWorldImporters.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Publish-DbaDacPackage -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database WideWorldImporters -Path C:\temp\sql2016-WideWorldImporters.dacpac -PublishXml C:\temp\sql2016-WideWorldImporters-publish.xml -GenerateDeploymentReport -ScriptOnly

        Does not deploy the changes, but will generate the deployment report that would be executed against WideWorldImporters.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Obj')]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [string]$Path,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Xml')]
        [string]$PublishXml,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ConnectionString,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Xml')]
        [switch]$GenerateDeploymentScript,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Xml')]
        [switch]$GenerateDeploymentReport,
        [Switch]$ScriptOnly,
        [ValidateSet('Dacpac', 'Bacpac')]
        [string]$Type = 'Dacpac',
        [string]$OutputPath = "$home\Documents",
        [switch]$IncludeSqlCmdVars,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Obj')]
        [Alias("Option")]
        [object]$DacOption,
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [String]$DacFxPath
    )

    begin {
        if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName ConnectionString)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify either SqlInstance or ConnectionString."
            return
        }
        if ($Type -eq 'Dacpac') {
            if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName GenerateDeploymentScript) -or (Test-Bound -ParameterName GenerateDeploymentReport)) {
                $defaultcolumns = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Database', 'Dacpac', 'PublishXml', 'Result', 'DatabaseScriptPath', 'MasterDbScriptPath', 'DeploymentReport', 'DeployOptions', 'SqlCmdVariableValues'
            } else {
                $defaultcolumns = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Database', 'Dacpac', 'PublishXml', 'Result', 'DeployOptions', 'SqlCmdVariableValues'
            }
        } elseif ($Type -eq 'Bacpac') {
            if ($ScriptOnly -or $GenerateDeploymentReport -or $GenerateDeploymentScript) {
                Stop-Function -Message "ScriptOnly, GenerateDeploymentScript, and GenerateDeploymentReport cannot be used in a Bacpac scenario." -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
            $defaultcolumns = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Database', 'Bacpac', 'Result', 'DeployOptions'
        }

        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName ScriptOnly) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName GenerateDeploymentScript) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName GenerateDeploymentScript)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must at least one of GenerateDeploymentScript or GenerateDeploymentReport when using ScriptOnly"
            return
        }

        function Get-ServerName ($connstring) {
            $builder = New-Object System.Data.Common.DbConnectionStringBuilder
            $builder.set_ConnectionString($connstring)
            $instance = $builder['data source']

            if (-not $instance) {
                $instance = $builder['server']
            }

            return $instance.ToString().Replace('\', '-').Replace('(', '').Replace(')', '')
        }
        
        if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName 'DacfxPath') -and (-not $script:core)) {
            $dacfxPath = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.dll"
            
            if ((Test-Path $dacfxPath) -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message 'No usable version of Dac Fx found.' -EnableException $EnableException
                return
            } else {
                try {
                    Add-Type -Path $dacfxPath
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dac Fx loaded."
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message 'No usable version of Dac Fx found.' -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
        
        #Check Option object types - should have a specific type
        if ($Type -eq 'Dacpac') {
            if ($DacOption -and $DacOption -isnot [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.PublishOptions]) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.PublishOptions object type is expected - got $($DacOption.GetType())."
                return
            }
        } elseif ($Type -eq 'Bacpac') {
            if ($DacOption -and $DacOption -isnot [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacImportOptions]) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacImportOptions object type is expected - got $($DacOption.GetType())."
                return
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $Path)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$Path not found!"
            return
        }

        if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'Xml') {
            if (-not (Test-Path -Path $PublishXml)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$PublishXml not found!"
                return
            }
        }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $ConnectionString += $server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString.Replace('"', "'")
        }

        #Use proper class to load the object
        if ($Type -eq 'Dacpac') {
            try {
                $dacPackage = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacPackage]::Load($Path)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not load Dacpac." -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        } elseif ($Type -eq 'Bacpac') {
            try {
                $bacPackage = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.BacPackage]::Load($Path)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not load Bacpac." -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }
        #Load XML profile when used
        if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'Xml') {
            try {
                $options = New-DbaDacOption -Type $Type -Action Publish -PublishXml $PublishXml -EnableException
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not load profile." -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }
        #Create/re-use deployment options object
        elseif ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'Obj') {
            if (!$DacOption) {
                $options = New-DbaDacOption -Type $Type -Action Publish
            } else {
                $options = $DacOption
            }
        }
        #Replace variables if defined
        if ($IncludeSqlCmdVars) {
            Get-SqlCmdVars -SqlCommandVariableValues $options.DeployOptions.SqlCommandVariableValues
        }

        foreach ($connstring in $ConnectionString) {
            $cleaninstance = Get-ServerName $connstring
            $instance = $cleaninstance.ToString().Replace('--', '\')

            foreach ($dbname in $database) {
                #Set deployment properties when specified
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName GenerateDeploymentScript) {
                    $options.GenerateDeploymentScript = $GenerateDeploymentScript
                }
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName GenerateDeploymentReport) {
                    $options.GenerateDeploymentReport = $GenerateDeploymentReport
                }
                #Set output file paths when needed
                $timeStamp = (Get-Date).ToString("yyMMdd_HHmmss_f")
                if ($GenerateDeploymentScript) {
                    $options.DatabaseScriptPath = Join-Path $OutputPath "$cleaninstance-$dbname`_DeployScript_$timeStamp.sql"
                    $options.MasterDbScriptPath = Join-Path $OutputPath "$cleaninstance-$dbname`_Master.DeployScript_$timeStamp.sql"
                }
                if ($connstring -notmatch 'Database=') {
                    $connstring = "$connstring;Database=$dbname"
                }

                #Create services object
                try {
                    $dacServices = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacServices $connstring
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
                try {
                    $null = $output = Register-ObjectEvent -InputObject $dacServices -EventName "Message" -SourceIdentifier "msg" -Action { $EventArgs.Message.Message }
                    #Perform proper action depending on the Type
                    if ($Type -eq 'Dacpac') {
                        if ($ScriptOnly) {
                            if (!$options.GenerateDeploymentScript) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "GenerateDeploymentScript option should be specified when running with -ScriptOnly" -EnableException $true
                            }
                            if (!$options.DatabaseScriptPath) {
                                Stop-Function -Message "DatabaseScriptPath option should be specified when running with -ScriptOnly" -EnableException $true
                            }
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Generating script."
                            $result = $dacServices.Script($dacPackage, $dbname, $options)
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Executing Dacpac publish."
                            $result = $dacServices.Publish($dacPackage, $dbname, $options)
                        }
                    } elseif ($Type -eq 'Bacpac') {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Executing Bacpac import."
                        $dacServices.ImportBacpac($bacPackage, $dbname, $options, $null)
                    }
                } catch [Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacServicesException] {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Deployment failed" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                } finally {
                    Unregister-Event -SourceIdentifier "msg"
                    if ($options.GenerateDeploymentReport) {
                        $deploymentReport = Join-Path $OutputPath "$cleaninstance-$dbname`_Result.DeploymentReport_$timeStamp.xml"
                        $result.DeploymentReport | Out-File $deploymentReport
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Deployment Report - $deploymentReport."
                    }
                    if ($options.GenerateDeploymentScript) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database change script - $($options.DatabaseScriptPath)."
                        if ((Test-Path $options.MasterDbScriptPath)) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Master database change script - $($result.MasterDbScript)."
                        }
                    }
                    $resultoutput = ($output.output -join "`r`n" | Out-String).Trim()
                    if ($resultoutput -match "Failed" -and ($options.GenerateDeploymentReport -or $options.GenerateDeploymentScript)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Seems like the attempt to publish/script may have failed. If scripts have not generated load dacpac into Visual Studio to check SQL is valid."
                    }
                    $server = [dbainstance]$instance
                    if ($Type -eq 'Dacpac') {
                        $output = [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName         = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName         = $server.InstanceName
                            SqlInstance          = $server.FullName
                            Database             = $dbname
                            Result               = $resultoutput
                            Dacpac               = $Path
                            PublishXml           = $PublishXml
                            ConnectionString     = $connstring
                            DatabaseScriptPath   = $options.DatabaseScriptPath
                            MasterDbScriptPath   = $options.MasterDbScriptPath
                            DeploymentReport     = $DeploymentReport
                            DeployOptions        = $options.DeployOptions | Select-Object -Property * -ExcludeProperty "SqlCommandVariableValues"
                            SqlCmdVariableValues = $options.DeployOptions.SqlCommandVariableValues.Keys
                        }
                    } elseif ($Type -eq 'Bacpac') {
                        $output = [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName     = $server.InstanceName
                            SqlInstance      = $server.FullName
                            Database         = $dbname
                            Result           = $resultoutput
                            Bacpac           = $Path
                            ConnectionString = $connstring
                            DeployOptions    = $options
                        }
                    }
                    $output | Select-DefaultView -Property $defaultcolumns
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Publish-DbaDacpac
    }
}
function Read-DbaAuditFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Read Audit details from *.sqlaudit files.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Read Audit details from *.sqlaudit files.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the *.sqlaudit file. This is relative to the computer executing the command. UNC paths are supported.

    .PARAMETER Exact
        If this switch is enabled, only an exact search will be used for the Path. By default, this command will add a wildcard to the Path because Eventing uses the file name as a template and adds characters.

    .PARAMETER Raw
        If this switch is enabled, the Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.PublishedEvent enumeration object will be returned.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, Audit
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Read-DbaAuditFile

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaAuditFile -Path C:\temp\logins.sqlaudit

        Returns events from C:\temp\logins.sqlaudit.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-ChildItem C:\temp\audit\*.sqlaudit | Read-DbaAuditFile

        Returns events from all .sqlaudit files in C:\temp\audit.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaServerAudit -SqlInstance sql2014 -Audit LoginTracker | Read-DbaAuditFile

        Reads remote Audit details by accessing the file over the admin UNC share.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('FullName')]
        [object[]]$Path,
        [switch]$Exact,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($file in $path) {
            # in order to ensure CSV gets all fields, all columns will be
            # collected and output in the first (all all subsequent) object
            $columns = @("name", "timestamp")

            if ($file -is [System.String]) {
                $currentfile = $file
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                #$manualadd = $true
            } elseif ($file -is [System.IO.FileInfo]) {
                $currentfile = $file.FullName
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                #$manualadd = $true
            } else {
                if ($file -isnot [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Audit]) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported file type."
                    return
                }

                if ($file.FullName.Length -eq 0) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "This Audit does not have an associated file."
                    return
                }

                $instance = [dbainstance]$file.ComputerName

                if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                    $currentfile = $file.FullName
                } else {
                    $currentfile = $file.RemoteFullName
                }
            }

            if (-not $Exact) {
                $currentfile = $currentfile.Replace('.sqlaudit', '*.sqlaudit')

                if ($currentfile -notmatch "sqlaudit") {
                    $currentfile = "$currentfile*.sqlaudit"
                }
            }

            $accessible = Test-Path -Path $currentfile
            $whoami = whoami

            if (-not $accessible) {
                if ($file.Status -eq "Stopped") { continue }
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "$currentfile cannot be accessed from $($env:COMPUTERNAME). Does $whoami have access?"
            }

            if ($raw) {
                return New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.QueryableXEventData($currentfile)
            }

            $enum = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.QueryableXEventData($currentfile)
            $newcolumns = ($enum.Fields.Name | Select-Object -Unique)

            $actions = ($enum.Actions.Name | Select-Object -Unique)
            foreach ($action in $actions) {
                $newcolumns += ($action -Split '\.')[-1]
            }

            $newcolumns = $newcolumns | Sort-Object
            $columns = ($columns += $newcolumns) | Select-Object -Unique

            # Make it selectable, otherwise it's a weird enumeration
            foreach ($event in (New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.QueryableXEventData($currentfile))) {
                $hash = [ordered]@{ }

                foreach ($column in $columns) {
                    $null = $hash.Add($column, $event.$column)
                }

                foreach ($action in $event.Actions) {
                    $hash[$action.Name] = $action.Value
                }

                foreach ($field in $event.Fields) {
                    $hash[$field.Name] = $field.Value
                }

                [pscustomobject]$hash
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Read-DbaBackupHeader {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Reads and displays detailed information about a SQL Server backup.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Reads full, differential and transaction log backups. An online SQL Server is required to parse the backup files and the path specified must be relative to that SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        Path to SQL Server backup file. This can be a full, differential or log backup file. Accepts valid filesystem paths and URLs.

    .PARAMETER Simple
        If this switch is enabled, fewer columns are returned, giving an easy overview.

    .PARAMETER FileList
        If this switch is enabled, detailed information about the files within the backup is returned.

    .PARAMETER AzureCredential
        Name of the SQL Server credential that should be used for Azure storage access.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Read-DbaBackupHeader

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance sql2016 -Path S:\backups\mydb\mydb.bak

        Logs into sql2016 using Windows authentication and reads the local file on sql2016, S:\backups\mydb\mydb.bak.

        If you are running this command on a workstation and connecting remotely, remember that sql2016 cannot access files on your own workstation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance sql2016 -Path \\nas\sql\backups\mydb\mydb.bak, \\nas\sql\backups\otherdb\otherdb.bak

        Logs into sql2016 and reads two backup files - mydb.bak and otherdb.bak. The SQL Server service account must have rights to read this file.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance . -Path C:\temp\myfile.bak -Simple

        Logs into the local workstation (or computer) and shows simplified output about C:\temp\myfile.bak. The SQL Server service account must have rights to read this file.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $backupinfo = Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance . -Path C:\temp\myfile.bak
        PS C:\> $backupinfo.FileList

        Displays detailed information about each of the datafiles contained in the backupset.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance . -Path C:\temp\myfile.bak -FileList

        Also returns detailed information about each of the datafiles contained in the backupset.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> "C:\temp\myfile.bak", "\backupserver\backups\myotherfile.bak" | Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance sql2016  | Where-Object { $_.BackupSize.Megabyte -gt 100 }

        Reads the two files and returns only backups larger than 100 MB

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-ChildItem \\nas\sql\*.bak | Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance sql2016

        Gets a list of all .bak files on the \\nas\sql share and reads the headers using the server named "sql2016". This means that the server, sql2016, must have read access to the \\nas\sql share.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaBackupHeader -Path https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups/restoretime/restoretime_201705131850.bak -AzureCredential AzureBackupUser

        Gets the backup header information from the SQL Server backup file stored at https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups/restoretime/restoretime_201705131850.bak on Azure

    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", 'AzureCredential', Justification = "For Parameter AzureCredential")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance]$SqlInstance,
        [PsCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$Path,
        [switch]$Simple,
        [switch]$FileList,
        [string]$AzureCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        foreach ($p in $path) {
            if ([System.IO.Path]::GetExtension($p).Length -eq 0) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Path ($p) should be a file, not a folder" -Category InvalidArgument
                return
            }
        }
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting reading headers"
        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            return
        }
        $getHeaderScript = {
            param (
                $SqlInstance,
                $Path,
                $DeviceType,
                $AzureCredential
            )
            #Copy existing connection to create an independent TSQL session
            $server = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server $SqlInstance.ConnectionContext.Copy()
            $restore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore

            if ($DeviceType -eq 'URL') {
                $restore.CredentialName = $AzureCredential
            }

            $device = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem $Path, $DeviceType
            $restore.Devices.Add($device)
            $dataTable = $restore.ReadBackupHeader($server)
            $null = $dataTable.Columns.Add("FileList", [object])
            $null = $dataTable.Columns.Add("SqlVersion")
            $null = $dataTable.Columns.Add("BackupPath")

            foreach ($row in $dataTable) {
                $row.BackupPath = $Path
                
                $backupsize = $row.BackupSize
                $null = $dataTable.Columns.Remove("BackupSize")
                $null = $dataTable.Columns.Add("BackupSize", [dbasize])
                if ($backupsize -isnot [dbnull]) {
                    $row.BackupSize = [dbasize]$backupsize
                }
                
                $cbackupsize = $row.CompressedBackupSize
                $null = $dataTable.Columns.Remove("CompressedBackupSize")
                $null = $dataTable.Columns.Add("CompressedBackupSize", [dbasize])
                if ($cbackupsize -isnot [dbnull]) {
                    $row.CompressedBackupSize = [dbasize]$cbackupsize
                }
                
                $restore.FileNumber = $row.Position
                <# Select-Object does a quick and dirty conversion from datatable to PS object #>
                $row.FileList = $restore.ReadFileList($server) | Select-Object *
            }
            $dataTable
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        #Extract fullnames from the file system objects
        $pathStrings = @()
        foreach ($pathItem in $Path) {
            if ($null -ne $pathItem.FullName) {
                $pathStrings += $pathItem.FullName
            } else {
                $pathStrings += $pathItem
            }
        }
        #Group by filename
        $pathGroup = $pathStrings | Group-Object -NoElement | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name

        $pathCount = ($pathGroup | Measure-Object).Count
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$pathCount unique files to scan."
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking accessibility for all the files."

        $testPath = Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $pathGroup

        #Setup initial session state
        $InitialSessionState = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.InitialSessionState]::CreateDefault()
        $defaultrunspace = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.Runspace]::DefaultRunspace
        #Create Runspace pool, min - 1, max - 10 sessions: there is internal SQL Server queue for the restore operations. 10 threads seem to perform best
        $runspacePool = [runspacefactory]::CreateRunspacePool(1, 10, $InitialSessionState, $Host)
        $runspacePool.Open()

        $threads = @()

        foreach ($file in $pathGroup) {
            if ($file -like 'http*') {
                $deviceType = 'URL'
            } else {
                $deviceType = 'FILE'
            }
            if ($pathCount -eq 1) {
                $fileExists = $testPath
            } else {
                $fileExists = ($testPath | Where-Object FilePath -eq $file).FileExists
            }
            if ($fileExists -or $deviceType -eq 'URL') {
                #Create parameters hashtable
                $argsRunPool = @{
                    SqlInstance     = $server
                    Path            = $file
                    AzureCredential = $AzureCredential
                    DeviceType      = $deviceType
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Scanning file $file."
                #Create new runspace thread
                $thread = [powershell]::Create()
                $thread.RunspacePool = $runspacePool
                $thread.AddScript($getHeaderScript) | Out-Null
                $thread.AddParameters($argsRunPool) | Out-Null
                #Start the thread
                $handle = $thread.BeginInvoke()
                $threads += [pscustomobject]@{
                    handle      = $handle
                    thread      = $thread
                    file        = $file
                    deviceType  = $deviceType
                    isRetrieved = $false
                    started     = Get-Date
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "File $file does not exist or access denied. The SQL Server service account may not have access to the source directory."
            }
        }
        #receive runspaces
        while ($threads | Where-Object { $_.isRetrieved -eq $false }) {
            $totalThreads = ($threads | Measure-Object).Count
            $totalRetrievedThreads = ($threads | Where-Object { $_.isRetrieved -eq $true } | Measure-Object).Count
            Write-Progress -Id 1 -Activity Updating -Status 'Progress' -CurrentOperation "Scanning Restore headers: $totalRetrievedThreads/$totalThreads" -PercentComplete ($totalRetrievedThreads / $totalThreads * 100)
            foreach ($thread in ($threads | Where-Object { $_.isRetrieved -eq $false })) {
                if ($thread.Handle.IsCompleted) {
                    $dataTable = $thread.thread.EndInvoke($thread.handle)
                    $thread.isRetrieved = $true
                    #Check if thread had any errors
                    if ($thread.thread.HadErrors) {
                        if ($thread.deviceType -eq 'FILE') {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Problem found with $($thread.file)." -Target $thread.file -ErrorRecord $thread.thread.Streams.Error -Continue
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Unable to read $($thread.file), check credential $AzureCredential and network connectivity." -Target $thread.file -ErrorRecord $thread.thread.Streams.Error -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    #Process the result of this thread

                    $dbVersion = $dataTable[0].DatabaseVersion
                    $SqlVersion = (Convert-DbVersionToSqlVersion $dbVersion)
                    foreach ($row in $dataTable) {
                        $row.SqlVersion = $SqlVersion
                        if ($row.BackupName -eq "*** INCOMPLETE ***") {
                            Stop-Function -Message "$($thread.file) appears to be from a new version of SQL Server than $SqlInstance, skipping" -Target $thread.file -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    if ($Simple) {
                        $dataTable | Select-Object DatabaseName, BackupFinishDate, RecoveryModel, BackupSize, CompressedBackupSize, DatabaseCreationDate, UserName, ServerName, SqlVersion, BackupPath
                    } elseif ($FileList) {
                        $dataTable.filelist
                    } else {
                        $dataTable
                    }

                    $thread.thread.Dispose()
                }
            }
            Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500
        }
        #Close the runspace pool
        $runspacePool.Close()
        [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.Runspace]::DefaultRunspace = $defaultrunspace
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Read-DbaTraceFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Reads SQL Server trace files

    .DESCRIPTION
        Using the fn_trace_gettable function, a trace file is read and returned as a PowerShell object

        This function returns the whole of the trace file. The information is presented in the format that the trace subsystem uses.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        Path to the trace file. This path is relative to the SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Search for results only with specific DatabaseName. Uses IN for comparisons.

    .PARAMETER Login
        Search for results only with specific Logins. Uses IN for comparisons.

    .PARAMETER Spid
        Search for results only with specific Spids. Uses IN for comparisons.

    .PARAMETER EventClass
        Search for results only with specific EventClasses. Uses IN for comparisons.

    .PARAMETER ObjectType
        Search for results only with specific ObjectTypes. Uses IN for comparisons.

    .PARAMETER ErrorId
        Search for results only with specific Errors. Filters 'Error in ($ErrorId)'  Uses IN for comparisons.

    .PARAMETER EventSequence
        Search for results only with specific EventSequences. Uses IN for comparisons.

    .PARAMETER TextData
        Search for results only with specific TextData. Uses LIKE for comparisons.

    .PARAMETER ApplicationName
        Search for results only with specific ApplicationNames. Uses LIKE for comparisons.

    .PARAMETER ObjectName
        Search for results only with specific ObjectNames. Uses LIKE for comparisons.

    .PARAMETER Where
        Custom where clause - use without the word "WHERE". Here are the available columns:

        TextData
        BinaryData
        DatabaseID
        TransactionID
        LineNumber
        NTUserName
        NTDomainName
        HostName
        ClientProcessID
        ApplicationName
        LoginName
        SPID
        Duration
        StartTime
        EndTime
        Reads
        Writes
        CPU
        Permissions
        Severity
        EventSubClass
        ObjectID
        Success
        IndexID
        IntegerData
        ServerName
        EventClass
        ObjectType
        NestLevel
        State
        Error
        Mode
        Handle
        ObjectName
        DatabaseName
        FileName
        OwnerName
        RoleName
        TargetUserName
        DBUserName
        LoginSid
        TargetLoginName
        TargetLoginSid
        ColumnPermissions
        LinkedServerName
        ProviderName
        MethodName
        RowCounts
        RequestID
        XactSequence
        EventSequence
        BigintData1
        BigintData2
        GUID
        IntegerData2
        ObjectID2
        Type
        OwnerID
        ParentName
        IsSystem
        Offset
        SourceDatabaseID
        SqlHandle
        SessionLoginName
        PlanHandle
        GroupID

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Trace
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaTraceFile -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database master, tempdb -Path C:\traces\big.trc

        Reads the tracefile C:\traces\big.trc, stored on the sql2016 sql server. Filters only results that have master or tempdb as the DatabaseName.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaTraceFile -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database master, tempdb -Path C:\traces\big.trc -TextData 'EXEC SP_PROCOPTION'

        Reads the tracefile C:\traces\big.trc, stored on the sql2016 sql server.
        Filters only results that have master or tempdb as the DatabaseName and that have 'EXEC SP_PROCOPTION' somewhere in the text.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaTraceFile -SqlInstance sql2016 -Path C:\traces\big.trc -Where "LinkedServerName = 'myls' and StartTime > '5/30/2017 4:27:52 PM'"

        Reads the tracefile C:\traces\big.trc, stored on the sql2016 sql server.
        Filters only results where LinkServerName = myls and StartTime is greater than '5/30/2017 4:27:52 PM'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2014 | Read-DbaTraceFile

        Reads every trace file on sql2014

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [string[]]$Path,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [int[]]$Spid,
        [string[]]$EventClass,
        [string[]]$ObjectType,
        [int[]]$ErrorId,
        [int[]]$EventSequence,
        [string[]]$TextData,
        [string[]]$ApplicationName,
        [string[]]$ObjectName,
        [string]$Where,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($where) {
            $Where = "where $where"
        } elseif ($Database -or $Login -or $Spid -or $ApplicationName -or $EventClass -or $ObjectName -or $ObjectType -or $EventSequence -or $ErrorId) {

            $tempwhere = @()

            if ($Database) {
                $where = $database -join "','"
                $tempwhere += "databasename in ('$where')"
            }

            if ($Login) {
                $where = $Login -join "','"
                $tempwhere += "LoginName in ('$where')"
            }

            if ($Spid) {
                $where = $Spid -join ","
                $tempwhere += "Spid in ($where)"
            }

            if ($EventClass) {
                $where = $EventClass -join ","
                $tempwhere += "EventClass in ($where)"
            }

            if ($ObjectType) {
                $where = $ObjectType -join ","
                $tempwhere += "ObjectType in ($where)"
            }

            if ($ErrorId) {
                $where = $ErrorId -join ","
                $tempwhere += "Error in ($where)"
            }

            if ($EventSequence) {
                $where = $EventSequence -join ","
                $tempwhere += "EventSequence in ($where)"
            }

            if ($TextData) {
                $where = $TextData -join "%','%"
                $tempwhere += "TextData like ('%$where%')"
            }

            if ($ApplicationName) {
                $where = $ApplicationName -join "%','%"
                $tempwhere += "ApplicationName like ('%$where%')"
            }

            if ($ObjectName) {
                $where = $ObjectName -join "%','%"
                $tempwhere += "ObjectName like ('%$where%')"
            }

            $tempwhere = $tempwhere -join " and "
            $Where = "where $tempwhere"
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                return
            }

            if (Test-Bound -Parameter Path) {
                $currentpath = $path
            } else {
                $currentpath = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar("Select path from sys.traces where is_default = 1")
            }

            foreach ($file in $currentpath) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Parsing $file"

                $exists = Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $file

                if (!$exists) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Path does not exist" -Target $file
                    Continue
                }

                $sql = "select SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                 * FROM [fn_trace_gettable]('$file', DEFAULT) $Where"

                try {
                    $server.Query($sql)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Error returned from SQL Server: $_" -Target $server -InnerErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Read-DbaTransactionLog {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Reads the live Transaction log from specified SQL Server Database

    .DESCRIPTION
        Using the fn_dblog function, the live transaction log is read and returned as a PowerShell object

        This function returns the whole of the log. The information is presented in the format that the logging subsystem uses.

        A soft limit of 0.5GB of log as been implemented. This is based on testing. This limit can be overridden
        at the users request, but please be aware that this may have an impact on your target databases and on the
        system running this function

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        A credential to use to connect to the SQL Instance rather than using Windows Authentication

    .PARAMETER Database
        Database to read the transaction log of

    .PARAMETER IgnoreLimit
        Switch to indicate that you wish to bypass the recommended limits of the function

    .PARAMETER RowLimit
        Will limit the number of rows returned from the transaction log

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Log, LogFile
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $Log = Read-DbaTransactionLog -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database MyDatabase

        Will read the contents of the transaction log of MyDatabase on SQL Server Instance sql2016 into the local PowerShell object $Log

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $Log = Read-DbaTransactionLog -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database MyDatabase -IgnoreLimit

        Will read the contents of the transaction log of MyDatabase on SQL Server Instance sql2016 into the local PowerShell object $Log, ignoring the recommendation of not returning more that 0.5GB of log

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [object]$Database,
        [Switch]$IgnoreLimit,
        [int]$RowLimit = 0,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    try {
        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    } catch {
        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
        return
    }

    if (-not $server.databases[$Database]) {
        Stop-Function -Message "$Database does not exist"
        return
    }

    if ('Normal' -notin ($server.databases[$Database].Status -split ',')) {
        Stop-Function -Message "$Database is not in a normal State, command will not run."
        return
    }

    if ($RowLimit -gt 0) {
        Write-Message -Message "Limiting results to $RowLimit rows" -Level Verbose
        $RowLimitSql = " TOP $RowLimit "
        $IgnoreLimit = $true
    } else {
        $RowLimitSql = ""
    }


    if ($IgnoreLimit) {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Please be aware that ignoring the recommended limits may impact on the performance of the SQL Server database and the calling system"
    } else {
        #Warn if more than 0.5GB of live log. Dodgy conversion as SMO returns the value in an unhelpful format :(
        $SqlSizeCheck = "select
                                sum(FileProperty(sf.name,'spaceused')*8/1024) as 'SizeMb'
                                from sys.sysfiles sf
                                where CONVERT(INT,sf.status & 0x40) / 64=1"
        $TransLogSize = $server.Query($SqlSizeCheck, $Database)
        if ($TransLogSize.SizeMb -ge 500) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$Database has more than 0.5 Gb of live log data, returning this may have an impact on the database and the calling system. If you wish to proceed please rerun with the -IgnoreLimit switch"
            return
        }
    }

    $sql = "select $RowLimitSql * from fn_dblog(NULL,NULL)"
    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Log retrieval"
    $server.Query($sql, $Database)

}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Read-DbaXEFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Read XEvents from a *.xel or *.xem file.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Read XEvents from a *.xel or *.xem file.

    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the *.xem or *.xem file. This is relative to the computer executing the command. UNC paths are supported.

    .PARAMETER Exact
        If this switch is enabled, only an exact search will be used for the Path. By default, this command will add a wildcard to the Path because Eventing uses the file name as a template and adds characters.

    .PARAMETER Raw
        If this switch is enabled, the Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.PublishedEvent enumeration object will be returned.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Read-DbaXEFile

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbaXEFile -Path C:\temp\deadocks.xel

        Returns events from C:\temp\deadocks.xel.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-ChildItem C:\temp\xe\*.xel | Read-DbaXEFile

        Returns events from all .xel files in C:\temp\xe.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2014 -Session deadlocks | Read-DbaXEFile

        Reads remote XEvents by accessing the file over the admin UNC share.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('FullName')]
        [object[]]$Path,
        [switch]$Exact,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($file in $path) {
            # in order to ensure CSV gets all fields, all columns will be
            # collected and output in the first (all all subsequent) object
            $columns = @("name", "timestamp")

            if ($file -is [System.String]) {
                $currentfile = $file
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                #$manualadd = $true
            } elseif ($file -is [System.IO.FileInfo]) {
                $currentfile = $file.FullName
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                #$manualadd = $true
            } else {
                if ($file -isnot [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session]) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported file type."
                    return
                }

                if ($file.TargetFile.Length -eq 0) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "This session does not have an associated Target File."
                    return
                }

                $instance = [dbainstance]$file.ComputerName

                if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                    $currentfile = $file.TargetFile
                } else {
                    $currentfile = $file.RemoteTargetFile
                }
            }

            if (-not $Exact) {
                $currentfile = $currentfile.Replace('.xel', '*.xel')
                $currentfile = $currentfile.Replace('.xem', '*.xem')

                if ($currentfile -notmatch "xel" -and $currentfile -notmatch "xem") {
                    $currentfile = "$currentfile*.xel"
                }
            }

            $accessible = Test-Path -Path $currentfile
            $whoami = whoami

            if (-not $accessible) {
                if ($file.Status -eq "Stopped") { continue }
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "$currentfile cannot be accessed from $($env:COMPUTERNAME). Does $whoami have access?"
            }

            if ($raw) {
                return New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.QueryableXEventData($currentfile)
            }

            $enum = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.QueryableXEventData($currentfile)
            $newcolumns = ($enum.Fields.Name | Select-Object -Unique)

            $actions = ($enum.Actions.Name | Select-Object -Unique)
            foreach ($action in $actions) {
                $newcolumns += ($action -Split '\.')[-1]
            }

            $newcolumns = $newcolumns | Sort-Object
            $columns = ($columns += $newcolumns) | Select-Object -Unique

            # Make it selectable, otherwise it's a weird enumeration
            foreach ($event in $enum) {
                $hash = [ordered]@{ }

                foreach ($column in $columns) {
                    $null = $hash.Add($column, $event.$column)
                }

                foreach ($action in $event.Actions) {
                    $hash[$action.Name] = $action.Value
                }

                foreach ($field in $event.Fields) {
                    $hash[$field.Name] = $field.Value
                }

                [pscustomobject]$hash
            }
            $enum.Dispose()
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaAgDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes a database from an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes a database from an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database or databases to remove.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        Only remove databases from specific availability groups.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaAgDatabase

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AvailabilityGroup ag1, ag2 -Confirm:$false

        Removes the ag1 and ag2 availability groups on sqlserver2012.  Does not prompt for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AvailabilityGroup availabilitygroup1 | Remove-DbaAgDatabase

        Removes the availability groups returned from the Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup function. Prompts for confirmation.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        # needs to accept db or agdb so generic object

        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance)) {
            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify one or more databases and one or more Availability Groups when using the SqlInstance parameter."
                return
            }
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            if ($InputObject[0].GetType().Name -eq 'Database') {
                $Database += $InputObject.Name
            }
        }

        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Parent.Parent.Name, "Removing availability group database $db")) {
                try {
                    $ag = $db.Parent.Name
                    $db.Parent.AvailabilityDatabases[$db.Name].Drop()
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName      = $db.ComputerName
                        InstanceName      = $db.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance       = $db.SqlInstance
                        AvailabilityGroup = $ag
                        Database          = $db.Name
                        Status            = "Removed"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Remove-DbaAgentJob removes a job.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Remove-DbaAgentJob removes a job in the SQL Server Agent.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The name of the job. Can be null if the the job id is being used.

    .PARAMETER KeepHistory
        Specifies to keep the history for the job. By default history is deleted.

    .PARAMETER KeepUnusedSchedule
        Specifies to keep the schedules attached to this job if they are not attached to any other job.
        By default the unused schedule is deleted.

    .PARAMETER Mode
        Default: Strict
        How strict does the command take lesser issues?
        Strict: Interrupt if the job specified doesn't exist.
        Lazy:   Silently skip over jobs that don't exist.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts piped input from Get-DbaAgentJob

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaAgentJob

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1

        Removes the job from the instance with the name Job1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> GetDbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 | Remove-DbaAgentJob -KeepHistory

        Removes teh job but keeps the history

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -KeepUnusedSchedule

        Removes the job but keeps the unused schedules

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1

        Removes the job from multiple servers

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [switch]$KeepHistory,
        [switch]$KeepUnusedSchedule,
        [DbaMode]$Mode = (Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName 'message.mode.default' -Fallback "Strict"),
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($j in $Job) {
                if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                    switch ($Mode) {
                        'Lazy' {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance." -Target $instance
                        }
                        'Strict' {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Job $j doesn't exist on $instance." -Continue -ContinueLabel main -Target $instance -Category InvalidData
                        }
                    }
                }
                $InputObject += ($Server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object Name -eq $j)
            }
        }
        foreach ($currentJob in $InputObject) {
            $j = $currentJob.Name
            $server = $currentJob.Parent.Parent

            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Removing the job $j from $server")) {
                try {
                    $dropHistory = $dropSchedule = 1

                    if (Test-Bound -ParameterName KeepHistory) {
                        Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Job history will be kept"
                        $dropHistory = 0
                    }
                    if (Test-Bound -ParameterName KeepUnusedSchedule) {
                        Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Unused job schedules will be kept"
                        $dropSchedule = 0
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Removing job"
                    $dropJobQuery = ("EXEC dbo.sp_delete_job @job_name = '{0}', @delete_history = {1}, @delete_unused_schedule = {2}" -f $currentJob.Name.Replace("'", "''"), $dropHistory, $dropSchedule)
                    $server.Databases['msdb'].ExecuteNonQuery($dropJobQuery)
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Name         = $currentJob.Name
                        Status       = 'Dropped'
                    }
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not drop job $job on $server"

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Name         = $currentJob.Name
                        Status       = "Failed. $(Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory removes a job category.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory makes it possible to remove a job category.
        Be assured that the category you want to remove is not used with other jobs. If another job uses this category it will be get the category [Uncategorized (Local)].

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Category
        The name of the category

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, JobCategory
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1 -Category 'Category 1'

        Remove the job category Category 1 from the instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1 -Category Category1, Category2, Category3

        Remove multiple job categories from the instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Category Category1, Category2, Category3

        Remove multiple job categories from the multiple instances.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string[]]$Category,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Loop through each of the categories
            foreach ($cat in $Category) {

                # Check if the job category exists
                if ($cat -notin $server.JobServer.JobCategories.Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Job category $cat doesn't exist on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                # Remove the category
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing the job category $Category")) {
                    try {
                        # Get the category
                        $currentCategory = $server.JobServer.JobCategories[$cat]

                        Write-Message -Message "Removing job category $cat" -Level Verbose

                        $currentCategory.Drop()
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong removing the job category $cat on $instance" -Target $cat -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                    }

                } #if should process

            } # for each category

        } # for each instance

    } # end process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished removing job category." -Level Verbose
    }

}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaAgentJobStep {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes a step from the specified SQL Agent job.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes a job step from a SQL Server Agent job.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The name of the job.

    .PARAMETER StepName
        The name of the job step.

    .PARAMETER Mode
        Default: Strict
        How strict does the command take lesser issues?
        Strict: Interrupt if the configuration already has the same value as the one specified.
        Lazy:   Silently skip over instances that already have this configuration at the specified value.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, JobStep
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaAgentJobStep

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1

        Remove 'Step1' from job 'Job1' on sql1.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1, Job2, Job3 -StepName Step1

        Remove the job step from multiple jobs.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1

        Remove the job step from the job on multiple servers.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> sql1, sql2, sql3 | Remove-DbaAgentJobStep -Job Job1 -StepName Step1

        Remove the job step from the job on multiple servers using pipeline.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$StepName,
        [DbaMode]$Mode = (Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -Name 'message.mode.default' -Fallback "Strict"),
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($j in $Job) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing job $j"
                # Check if the job exists
                if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                    switch ($Mode) {
                        'Lazy' {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance." -Target $instance
                        }
                        'Strict' {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Job $j doesnn't exist on $instance." -Continue -ContinueLabel main -Target $instance -Category InvalidData
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    # Check if the job step exists
                    if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps.Name -notcontains $StepName) {
                        switch ($Mode) {
                            'Lazy' {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Step $StepName doesn't exist for $job on $instance." -Target $instance
                            }
                            'Strict' {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Step $StepName doesn't exist for $job on $instance." -Continue -ContinueLabel main -Target $instance -Category InvalidData
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        # Execute
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Removing the job step $StepName for job $j")) {
                            try {
                                $JobStep = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps[$StepName]
                                Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Removing the job step $StepName for job $j."
                                $JobStep.Drop()
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong removing the job step" -Target $JobStep -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not remove the job step $StepName from $j"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Message "Finished removing the jobs step(s)" -Level Verbose
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaAgentSchedule {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Remove-DbaAgentJobSchedule removes a job schedule.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Remove-DbaAgentJobSchedule removes a job in the SQL Server Agent.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Schedule
        The name of the job schedule.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of schedule (such as returned by Get-DbaAgentSchedule), to be removed.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
        It will also remove the any present schedules with the same name for the specific job.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, Schedule
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaAgentJobSchedule

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Schedule weekly

        Remove the schedule weekly

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Schedule weekly -Force

        Remove the schedule weekly from the job even if the schedule is being used by another job.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Schedule daily, weekly

        Remove multiple schedule

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Schedule daily, weekly
        Remove the schedule on multiple servers for multiple schedules

    .EXAMPLE
        sql1, sql2, sql3 | Remove-DbaAgentSchedule -Schedule daily, weekly
        Remove the schedule on multiple servers using pipe line

    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Schedule sched1, sched2, sched3 | Remove-DbaAgentSchedule

        Remove the schedules using a pipeline

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("Schedules")]
        [object[]]$Schedule,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "schedules")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.ScheduleBase[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [switch]$Force
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $InputObject += $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules

            if ($Schedule) {
                $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object Name -in $Schedule
            }

        } # foreach object instance

        foreach ($currentschedule in $InputObject) {
            $server = $currentschedule.Parent.Parent

            if (-not $server) {
                $server = $currentschedule.Parent
            }

            $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules.Refresh()
            $schedulename = $currentschedule.Name
            $jobCount = $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules[$currentschedule].JobCount

            # Check if the schedule is shared among other jobs
            if ($jobCount -ge 1 -and -not $Force) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The schedule $schedulename is shared connected to one or more jobs. If removal is neccesary use -Force." -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Remove the job schedule
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Removing schedule $currentschedule on $instance")) {
                # Loop through each of the schedules and drop them
                Write-Message -Message "Removing schedule $schedulename on $instance" -Level Verbose

                #Check if jobs use the schedule
                if ($jobCount -ge 1) {
                    # Get the job object
                    $smoSchedules = $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules | Where-Object { ($_.Name -eq $currentschedule.Name) }

                    Write-Message -Message "Schedule $schedulename is used in one or more jobs. Removing it for each job." -Level Verbose

                    # Loop through each if the schedules
                    foreach ($smoSchedule in ($smoSchedules)) {

                        # Get the job ids
                        $jobGuids = $Server.JobServer.SharedSchedules[$smoSchedule].EnumJobReferences()

                        if (($jobCount -gt 1 -and $Force) -or $jobCount -eq 1) {

                            # Loop though each of the jobs
                            foreach ($guid in $jobGuids) {
                                # Get the job object
                                $smoJob = $Server.JobServer.GetJobByID($guid)

                                # Get the job schedule
                                $jobSchedules = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$smoJob].JobSchedules | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $smoSchedule }

                                foreach ($jobSchedule in ($jobSchedules)) {
                                    try {
                                        Write-Message -Message "Removing the schedule $jobSchedule for job $smoJob" -Level Verbose

                                        $jobSchedule.Drop()
                                    } catch {
                                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Message "Removing schedules that are not being used by other jobs." -Level Verbose
                $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules.Refresh()
                # Get the schedules
                $smoSchedules = $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules | Where-Object { ($_.Name -eq $currentschedule.Name) -and ($_.JobCount -eq 0) }

                # Remove the schedules that have no jobs
                foreach ($smoSchedule in $smoSchedules) {
                    try {
                        $smoSchedule.Drop()
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong removing the schedule" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Message "Finished removing jobs schedule(s)." -Level Verbose
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaAgListener {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes a listener from an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes a listener from an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Listener
        The listener or listeners to remove.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        Only remove listeners from specific availability groups.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaListener

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaAgListener

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgListener -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AvailabilityGroup ag1, ag2 -Confirm:$false

        Removes the ag1 and ag2 availability groups on sqlserver2012. Does not prompt for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AvailabilityGroup availabilitygroup1 | Remove-DbaAgListener

        Removes the listeners returned from the Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup function. Prompts for confirmation.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Listener,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroupListener[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance)) {
            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Listener)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify one or more listeners and one or more Availability Groups when using the SqlInstance parameter."
                return
            }
        }

        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAgListener -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Listener $Listener
        }

        foreach ($aglistener in $InputObject) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($aglistener.Parent.Parent.Name, "Removing availability group listener $aglistener")) {
                try {
                    $ag = $aglistener.Parent.Name
                    $aglistener.Parent.AvailabilityGroupListeners[$aglistener.Name].Drop()
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName      = $aglistener.ComputerName
                        InstanceName      = $aglistener.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance       = $aglistener.SqlInstance
                        AvailabilityGroup = $ag
                        Listener          = $aglistener.Name
                        Status            = "Removed"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaAgReplica {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes availability group replicas from availability groups.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes availability group replicas from availability groups.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        The specific availability group to query.

    .PARAMETER Replica
        The replica to remove.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piped input from Get-DbaAgReplica.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AG, HA, AvailabilityGroup, Replica
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaAgReplica

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance sql2017a -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint -Replica sp1

       Removes the sp1 replica from the SharePoint ag on sql2017a. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance sql2017a | Select-Object *

        Returns full object properties on all availability group replicas found on sql2017a

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [string[]]$Replica,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityReplica[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance -and -not $Replica) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a replica when using the SqlInstance parameter."
            return
        }

        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Replica $Replica -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup
        }

        foreach ($agreplica in $InputObject) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($agreplica.Parent.Parent.Name, "Removing availability group replica $agreplica")) {
                try {
                    $agreplica.Parent.AvailabilityGroupReplicas[$agreplica.Name].Drop()
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName      = $agreplica.ComputerName
                        InstanceName      = $agreplica.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance       = $agreplica.SqlInstance
                        AvailabilityGroup = $agreplica.Parent.Name
                        Replica           = $agreplica.Name
                        Status            = "Removed"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaAvailabilityGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes availability groups on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes availability groups on a SQL Server instance.

        If possible, remove the availability group only while connected to the server instance that hosts the primary replica.
        When the availability group is dropped from the primary replica, changes are allowed in the former primary databases (without high availability protection).
        Deleting an availability group from a secondary replica leaves the primary replica in the RESTORING state, and changes are not allowed on the databases.

        Avoid dropping an availability group when the Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) cluster has no quorum.
        If you must drop an availability group while the cluster lacks quorum, the metadata availability group that is stored in the cluster is not removed.
        After the cluster regains quorum, you will need to drop the availability group again to remove it from the WSFC cluster.

        For more information: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/drop-availability-group-transact-sql

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        Only remove specific availability groups.

    .PARAMETER AllAvailabilityGroups
        Remove all availability groups on an instance.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaAvailabilityGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AllAvailabilityGroups

        Removes all availability groups on the sqlserver2014 instance. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AvailabilityGroup ag1, ag2 -Confirm:$false

        Removes the ag1 and ag2 availability groups on sqlserver2012.  Does not prompt for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AvailabilityGroup availabilitygroup1 | Remove-DbaAvailabilityGroup

        Removes the availability groups returned from the Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup function. Prompts for confirmation.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [switch]$AllAvailabilityGroups,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName AvailabilityGroup, AllAvailabilityGroups)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify AllAvailabilityGroups groups or AvailabilityGroups when using the SqlInstance parameter."
            return
        }
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup
        }
        foreach ($ag in $InputObject) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($ag.Parent.Name, "Removing availability group $ag")) {
                # avoid enumeration issues
                try {
                    $ag.Parent.Query("DROP AVAILABILITY GROUP $ag")
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName      = $ag.ComputerName
                        InstanceName      = $ag.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance       = $ag.SqlInstance
                        AvailabilityGroup = $ag.Name
                        Status            = "Removed"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaBackup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes SQL Server backups from disk.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes SQL Server backups from disk.

        Provides all of the same functionality for removing SQL backups from disk as a standard maintenance plan would.

        As an addition you have the ability to check the Archive bit on files before deletion. This will allow you to ensure backups have been archived to your archive location before removal.

        Also included is the ability to remove empty folders as part of this cleanup activity.

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the name of the base level folder to search for backup files. Deletion of backup files will be recursive from this location.

    .PARAMETER BackupFileExtension
        Specifies the filename extension of the backup files you wish to remove (typically 'bak', 'trn' or 'log'). Do not include the period.

    .PARAMETER RetentionPeriod
        Specifies the retention period for backup files. Correct format is ##U.

        ## is the retention value and must be an integer value
        U signifies the units where the valid units are:
        h = hours
        d = days
        w = weeks
        m = months

        Formatting Examples:
        '48h' = 48 hours
        '7d' = 7 days
        '4w' = 4 weeks
        '1m' = 1 month

    .PARAMETER CheckArchiveBit
        If this switch is enabled, the filesystem Archive bit is checked before deletion. If this bit is set (which translates to "it has not been backed up to another location yet", the file won't be deleted.

    .PARAMETER RemoveEmptyBackupFolder
        If this switch is enabled, empty folders will be removed after the cleanup process is complete.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.i

    .NOTES
        Tags: Storage, DisasterRecovery, Backup
        Author: Chris Sommer (@cjsommer), www.cjsommer.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaBackup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaBackup -Path 'C:\MSSQL\SQL Backup\' -BackupFileExtension trn -RetentionPeriod 48h

        '*.trn' files in 'C:\MSSQL\SQL Backup\' and all subdirectories that are more than 48 hours old will be removed.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaBackup -Path 'C:\MSSQL\SQL Backup\' -BackupFileExtension trn -RetentionPeriod 48h -WhatIf

        Same as example #1, but doesn't actually remove any files. The function will instead show you what would be done.
        This is useful when first experimenting with using the function.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaBackup -Path 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\' -BackupFileExtension bak -RetentionPeriod 7d -CheckArchiveBit

        '*.bak' files in 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\' and all subdirectories that are more than 7 days old will be removed, but only if the files have been backed up to another location as verified by checking the Archive bit.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaBackup -Path 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\' -BackupFileExtension bak -RetentionPeriod 1w -RemoveEmptyBackupFolder

        '*.bak' files in 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\' and all subdirectories that are more than 1 week old will be removed. Any folders left empty will be removed as well.

#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, HelpMessage = "Full path to the root level backup folder (ex. 'C:\SQL\Backups'")]
        [Alias("BackupFolder")]
        [string]$Path,
        [parameter(Mandatory, HelpMessage = "Backup File extension to remove (ex. bak, trn, dif)")]
        [string]$BackupFileExtension ,
        [parameter(Mandatory, HelpMessage = "Backup retention period. (ex. 24h, 7d, 4w, 6m)")]
        [string]$RetentionPeriod ,
        [switch]$CheckArchiveBit = $false ,
        [switch]$RemoveEmptyBackupFolder = $false,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        # Ensure BackupFileExtension does not begin with a .
        if ($BackupFileExtension -match "^[.]") {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Parameter -BackupFileExtension begins with a period '$BackupFileExtension'. A period is automatically prepended to -BackupFileExtension and need not be passed in."
        }
    }
    process {
        # Process stuff
        Write-Message -Message "Removing backups from $Path" -Level Verbose
        Find-DbaBackup -Path $Path -BackupFileExtension $BackupFileExtension -RetentionPeriod $RetentionPeriod -CheckArchiveBit:$CheckArchiveBit -EnableException |
            Foreach-Object {
            $file = $_
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($file.Directory.FullName, "Removing backup file $($file.Name)")) {
                try {
                    $file | Remove-Item -Force -EA Stop
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Message "Failed to remove $file." -Level Warning -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
        Write-Message -Message "File Cleaning ended." -Level Verbose
        # Cleanup empty backup folders.
        if ($RemoveEmptyBackupFolder) {
            Write-Message -Message "Removing empty folders." -Level Verbose
            (Get-ChildItem -Directory -Path $Path -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -ErrorVariable EnumErrors).FullName |
                Sort-Object -Descending |
                Foreach-Object {
                $OrigPath = $_
                try {
                    $Contents = @(Get-ChildItem -Force $OrigPath -ErrorAction Stop)
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Message "Can't enumerate $OrigPath." -Level Warning -ErrorRecord $_
                }
                if ($Contents.Count -eq 0) {
                    return $_
                }
            } |
                Foreach-Object {
                $FolderPath = $_
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($Path, "Removing empty folder .$($FolderPath.Replace($Path, ''))")) {
                    try {
                        $FolderPath | Remove-Item -ErrorAction Stop
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Message "Failed to remove $FolderPath." -Level Warning -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
            if ($EnumErrors) {
                Write-Message "Errors encountered enumerating folders." -Level Warning -ErrorRecord $EnumErrors
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Removed empty folders." -Level Verbose
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaClientAlias {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes a sql alias for the specified server - mimics cliconfg.exe

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes a sql alias for the specified server by altering HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\Client - mimics cliconfg.exe.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer where the alias will be created.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to remote computers using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Alias
        The alias or array of aliases to be deleted

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Alias
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaClientAlias

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaClientAlias -ComputerName workstationx -Alias sqlps

        Removes the sqlps SQL client alias on workstationx

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaClientAlias | Remove-DbaClientAlias

        Removes all SQL Server client aliases on the local computer

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [Alias('AliasName')]
        [string[]]$Alias,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $scriptblock = {
            $Alias = $args

            $basekeys = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\MSSQLServer", "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer"

            foreach ($basekey in $basekeys) {
                $fullKey = "$basekey\Client\ConnectTo"
                if ((Test-Path $fullKey) -eq $false) {
                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Warning "Registry key ($fullKey) does not exist. Quitting."
                    continue
                }

                if ($basekey -like "*WOW64*") {
                    $architecture = "32-bit"
                } else {
                    $architecture = "64-bit"
                }

                $all = Get-Item -Path $fullKey
                foreach ($entry in $all) {
                    $e = $entry.ToString().Replace('HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'HKLM:\')
                    foreach ($a in $Alias) {
                        if ($entry.Property -contains $a) {
                            Remove-ItemProperty -Path $e -Name $a

                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName = $computer
                                Architecture = $architecture
                                Alias        = $a
                                Status       = "Removed"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue

            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$($Alias -join ', ') on $computer", "Remove aliases")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop -Verbose:$false -ArgumentList $Alias
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaCmConnection {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes connection objects from the connection cache used for remote computer management.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes connection objects from the connection cache used for remote computer management.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Accepts both text as well as the output of Get-DbaCmConnection.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ComputerManagement, CIM
        Author: Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaCmConnection

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaCmConnection -ComputerName sql2014

        Removes the cached connection to the server sql2014 from the cache.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmConnection | Remove-DbaCmConnection

        Clears the entire connection cache.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter[]]
        $ComputerName,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($connectionObject in $ComputerName) {
            if (-not $connectionObject.Success) { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to interpret computername input: $($connectionObject.InputObject)" -Category InvalidArgument -Target $connectionObject.InputObject -Continue }
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Removing from connection cache: $($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)" -Target $connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName), "Removing Connection")) {
                if ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections.ContainsKey($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)) {
                    $null = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections.Remove($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully removed $($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)" -Target $connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Not found: $($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)" -Target $connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Ending"
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaCmsRegServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes registered servers found in SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS).

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes registered servers found in SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS).

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        Specifies one or more names to include. Name is the visible name in SSMS CMS interface (labeled Registered Server Name)

    .PARAMETER ServerName
        Specifies one or more server names to include. Server Name is the actual instance name (labeled Server Name)

    .PARAMETER Group
        Specifies one or more groups to include from SQL Server Central Management Server.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows results from Get-DbaCmsRegServer to be piped in

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: RegisteredServer, CMS
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaCmsRegServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2012 -Group HR, Accounting

        Removes all servers from the HR and Accounting groups on sql2012

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2012 -Group HR\Development

        Removes all servers from the HR and sub-group Development from the CMS on sql2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2012 -Confirm:$false

        Removes all registered servers on sql2012 and turns off all prompting

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Name,
        [string[]]$ServerName,
        [string[]]$Group,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.RegisteredServer[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Group $Group -ExcludeGroup $ExcludeGroup -Name $Name -ServerName $ServerName
        }

        foreach ($regserver in $InputObject) {
            $server = $regserver.Parent

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($regserver.Parent, "Removing $regserver")) {
                $null = $regserver.Drop()
                Disconnect-RegServer -Server $server

                try {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $regserver.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $regserver.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance  = $regserver.SqlInstance
                        Name         = $regserver.Name
                        ServerName   = $regserver.ServerName
                        Status       = "Dropped"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to drop $regserver on $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Remove-DbaRegisteredServer
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaCmsRegServerGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Gets list of Server Groups objects stored in SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS).

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns an array of Server Groups found in the CMS.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        Specifies one or more groups to include from SQL Server Central Management Server.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows results from Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup to be piped in

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: RegisteredServer, CMS
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaCmsRegServerGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sql2012 -Group HR, Accounting

        Removes the HR and Accounting groups on sql2012

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance sql2012 -Group HR\Development -Confirm:$false

        Removes the Development subgroup within the HR group on sql2012 and turns off all prompting

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Group")]
        [string[]]$Name,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.RegisteredServers.ServerGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaCmsRegServerGroup -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Group $Name
        }

        foreach ($regservergroup in $InputObject) {
            $parentserver = Get-RegServerParent -InputObject $regservergroup

            if ($null -eq $parentserver) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong and it's hard to explain, sorry. This basically shouldn't happen." -Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($parentserver.DomainInstanceName, "Removing $($regservergroup.Name) CMS Group")) {
                $null = $parentserver.ServerConnection.ExecuteNonQuery($regservergroup.ScriptDrop().GetScript())
                $parentserver.ServerConnection.Disconnect()
                try {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $parentserver.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $parentserver.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance  = $parentserver.SqlInstance
                        Name         = $regservergroup.Name
                        Status       = "Dropped"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to drop $regservergroup on $parentserver" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Remove-DbaRegisteredServerGroup
    }
}
function Remove-DbaComputerCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes a computer certificate - useful for removing easily certs from remote computers

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes a computer certificate from a local or remote compuer

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Thumbprint
        The thumbprint of the certificate object

    .PARAMETER Store
        Certificate store - defaults to LocalMachine (otherwise exceptions can be thrown on remote connections)

    .PARAMETER Folder
        Certificate folder

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaComputerCertificate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName Server1 -Thumbprint C2BBE81A94FEE7A26FFF86C2DFDAF6BFD28C6C94

        Removes certificate with thumbprint C2BBE81A94FEE7A26FFF86C2DFDAF6BFD28C6C94 in the LocalMachine store on Server1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaComputerCertificate | Where-Object Thumbprint -eq E0A071E387396723C45E92D42B2D497C6A182340 | Remove-DbaComputerCertificate

        Removes certificate using the pipeline

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName Server1 -Thumbprint C2BBE81A94FEE7A26FFF86C2DFDAF6BFD28C6C94 -Store User -Folder My

        Removes certificate with thumbprint C2BBE81A94FEE7A26FFF86C2DFDAF6BFD28C6C94 in the User\My (Personal) store on Server1

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName, Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$Thumbprint,
        [string]$Store = "LocalMachine",
        [string]$Folder = "My",
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #region Scriptblock for remoting
        $scriptblock = {
            param (
                $Thumbprint,
                $Store,
                $Folder
            )
            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
            Write-Verbose "Searching Cert:\$Store\$Folder for thumbprint: $thumbprint"
            function Get-CoreCertStore {
                [CmdletBinding()]
                param (
                    [ValidateSet("CurrentUser", "LocalMachine")]
                    [string]$Store,
                    [ValidateSet("AddressBook", "AuthRoot, CertificateAuthority", "Disallowed", "My", "Root", "TrustedPeople", "TrustedPublisher")]
                    [string]$Folder,
                    [ValidateSet("ReadOnly", "ReadWrite")]
                    [string]$Flag = "ReadOnly"
                )

                $storename = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.StoreLocation]::$Store
                $foldername = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.StoreName]::$Folder
                $flags = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.OpenFlags]::$Flag
                $certstore = [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store]::New($foldername, $storename)
                $certstore.Open($flags)

                $certstore
            }

            function Get-CoreCertificate {
                [CmdletBinding()]
                param (
                    [ValidateSet("CurrentUser", "LocalMachine")]
                    [string]$Store,
                    [ValidateSet("AddressBook", "AuthRoot, CertificateAuthority", "Disallowed", "My", "Root", "TrustedPeople", "TrustedPublisher")]
                    [string]$Folder,
                    [ValidateSet("ReadOnly", "ReadWrite")]
                    [string]$Flag = "ReadOnly",
                    [string[]]$Thumbprint,
                    [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store[]]$InputObject
                )

                if (-not $InputObject) {
                    $InputObject += Get-CoreCertStore -Store $Store -Folder $Folder -Flag $Flag
                }

                $certs = ($InputObject).Certificates

                if ($Thumbprint) {
                    $certs = $certs | Where-Object Thumbprint -in $Thumbprint
                }
                $certs
            }

            if ($Thumbprint) {
                try {
                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Verbose "Searching Cert:\$Store\$Folder"
                    $cert = Get-CoreCertificate -Store $Store -Folder $Folder -Thumbprint $Thumbprint
                } catch {
                    # don't care - there's a weird issue with remoting where an exception gets thrown for no apparent reason
                    # here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }
            }

            if ($cert) {
                $certstore = Get-CoreCertStore -Store $Store -Folder $Folder -Flag ReadWrite
                $certstore.Remove($cert)
                $status = "Removed"
            } else {
                $status = "Certificate not found in Cert:\$Store\$Folder"
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                Store        = $Store
                Folder       = $Folder
                Thumbprint   = $thumbprint
                Status       = $status
            }
        }
        #endregion Scriptblock for remoting
    }

    process {
        foreach ($computer in $computername) {
            foreach ($thumb in $Thumbprint) {
                if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $computer to remove cert from Cert:\$Store\$Folder")) {
                    try {
                        Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $thumb, $Store, $Folder -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message $_ -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Drops a database, hopefully even the really stuck ones.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Tries a bunch of different ways to remove a database or two or more.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase), to be removed.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDb
        Use this switch to disable any kind of verbose messages

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Delete, Databases
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaDatabase

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database containeddb

        Prompts then removes the database containeddb on SQL Server sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database containeddb, mydb

        Prompts then removes the databases containeddb and mydb on SQL Server sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database containeddb -Confirm:$false

        Does not prompt and swiftly removes containeddb on SQL Server sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance -ExcludeSystem | Remove-DbaDatabase

        Removes all the user databases from server\instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance -ExcludeSystem | Remove-DbaDatabase -Confirm:$false

        Removes all the user databases from server\instance without any confirmation
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High', DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "databases")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDb,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $InputObject += $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Database }
        }

        $system_dbs = @( "master", "model", "tempdb", "resource", "msdb" )

        if (-not($IncludeSystemDb)) {
            $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $system_dbs}
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            try {
                $server = $db.Parent
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $server", "KillDatabase")) {
                    $server.KillDatabase($db.name)
                    $server.Refresh()

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $db.name
                        Status       = "Dropped"
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $server", "alter db set single_user with rollback immediate then drop")) {
                        $null = $server.Query("if exists (select * from sys.databases where name = '$($db.name)' and state = 0) alter database $db set single_user with rollback immediate; drop database $db")

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $db.name
                            Status       = "Dropped"
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    try {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $server", "SMO drop")) {
                            $dbname = $db.Name
                            $db.Parent.databases[$dbname].Drop()
                            $server.Refresh()

                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Database     = $db.name
                                Status       = "Dropped"
                            }
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not drop database $db on $server"

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $db.name
                            Status       = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Safely removes a SQL Database and creates an Agent Job to restore it.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Performs a DBCC CHECKDB on the database, backs up the database with Checksum and verify only to a final (golden) backup location, creates an Agent Job to restore from that backup, drops the database, runs the agent job to restore the database, performs a DBCC CHECKDB and drops the database.

        With huge thanks to Grant Fritchey and his verify your backups video. Take a look, it's only 3 minutes long. http://sqlps.io/backuprant

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        If specified, Agent jobs will be created on this server. By default, the jobs will be created on the server specified by SqlInstance. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher. The SQL Agent service will be started if it is not already running.

    .PARAMETER DestinationCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies one or more databases to remove.

    .PARAMETER NoDbccCheckDb
        If this switch is enabled, the initial DBCC CHECK DB will be skipped. This will make the process quicker but will also allow you to create an Agent job that restores a database backup containing a corrupt database.

        A second DBCC CHECKDB is performed on the restored database so you will still be notified BUT USE THIS WITH CARE.

    .PARAMETER BackupFolder
        Specifies the path to a folder where the final backups of the removed databases will be stored. If you are using separate source and destination servers, you must specify a UNC path such as  \\SERVER1\BACKUPSHARE\

    .PARAMETER JobOwner
        Specifies the name of the account which will own the Agent jobs. By default, sa is used.

    .PARAMETER UseDefaultFilePaths
        If this switch is enabled, the default file paths for the data and log files on the instance where the database is restored will be used. By default, the original file paths will be used.

    .PARAMETER CategoryName
        Specifies the Category Name for the Agent job that is created for restoring the database(s). By default, the name is "Rationalisation".

    .PARAMETER BackupCompression
        If this switch is enabled, compression will be used for the backup regardless of the SQL Server instance setting. By default, the SQL Server instance setting for backup compression is used.

    .PARAMETER AllDatabases
        If this switch is enabled, all user databases on the server will be removed. This is useful when decommissioning a server. You should use a Destination with this switch.

    .PARAMETER ReuseSourceFolderStructure
        If this switch is enabled, the source folder structure will be used when restoring instead of using the destination instance default folder structure.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, all actions will be performed even if DBCC errors are detected. An Agent job will be created with 'DBCCERROR' in the name and the backup file will have 'DBCC' in its name.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Remove
        Author: Rob Sewell (@SQLDBAWithBeard), sqldbawithabeard.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely -SqlInstance 'Fade2Black' -Database RideTheLightning -BackupFolder 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\Rationalised - DO NOT DELETE'

        Performs a DBCC CHECKDB on database RideTheLightning on server Fade2Black. If there are no errors, the database is backup to the folder C:\MSSQL\Backup\Rationalised - DO NOT DELETE. Then, an Agent job to restore the database from that backup is created. The database is then dropped, the Agent job to restore it run, a DBCC CHECKDB run against the restored database, and then it is dropped again.

        Any DBCC errors will be written to your documents folder

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $Database = 'DemoNCIndex','RemoveTestDatabase'
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely -SqlInstance 'Fade2Black' -Database $Database -BackupFolder 'C:\MSSQL\Backup\Rationalised - DO NOT DELETE'

        Performs a DBCC CHECKDB on two databases, 'DemoNCIndex' and 'RemoveTestDatabase' on server Fade2Black. Then, an Agent job to restore each database from those backups is created. The databases are then dropped, the Agent jobs to restore them run, a DBCC CHECKDB run against the restored databases, and then they are dropped again.

        Any DBCC errors will be written to your documents folder

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely -SqlInstance 'Fade2Black' -Destination JusticeForAll -Database RideTheLightning -BackupFolder '\\BACKUPSERVER\BACKUPSHARE\MSSQL\Rationalised - DO NOT DELETE'

        Performs a DBCC CHECKDB on database RideTheLightning on server Fade2Black. If there are no errors, the database is backup to the folder \\BACKUPSERVER\BACKUPSHARE\MSSQL\Rationalised - DO NOT DELETE . Then, an Agent job is created on server JusticeForAll to restore the database from that backup is created. The database is then dropped on Fade2Black, the Agent job to restore it on JusticeForAll is run, a DBCC CHECKDB run against the restored database, and then it is dropped from JusticeForAll.

        Any DBCC errors will be written to your documents folder

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely -SqlInstance IronMaiden -Database $Database -Destination TheWildHearts -BackupFolder Z:\Backups -NoDbccCheckDb -JobOwner 'THEBEARD\Rob'

        For the databases $Database on the server IronMaiden a DBCC CHECKDB will not be performed before backing up the databases to the folder Z:\Backups. Then, an Agent job is created on server TheWildHearts with a Job Owner of THEBEARD\Rob to restore each database from that backup using the instance's default file paths. The database(s) is(are) then dropped on IronMaiden, the Agent job(s) run, a DBCC CHECKDB run on the restored database(s), and then the database(s) is(are) dropped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDatabaseSafely -SqlInstance IronMaiden -Database $Database -Destination TheWildHearts -BackupFolder Z:\Backups

        The databases $Database on the server IronMaiden will be backed up the to the folder Z:\Backups. Then, an Agent job is created on server TheWildHearts with a Job Owner of THEBEARD\Rob to restore each database from that backup using the instance's default file paths. The database(s) is(are) then dropped on IronMaiden, the Agent job(s) run, a DBCC CHECKDB run on the restored database(s), and then the database(s) is(are) dropped.

        If there is a DBCC Error, the function  will continue to perform rest of the actions and will create an Agent job with 'DBCCERROR' in the name and a Backup file with 'DBCCError' in the name.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination = $sqlinstance,
        [PSCredential]
        $DestinationCredential,
        [Alias("NoCheck")]
        [switch]$NoDbccCheckDb,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$BackupFolder,
        [string]$CategoryName = 'Rationalisation',
        [string]$JobOwner,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [ValidateSet("Default", "On", "Of")]
        [string]$BackupCompression = 'Default',
        [switch]$ReuseSourceFolderStructure,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if (!$AllDatabases -and !$Database) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify at least one database. Use -Database or -AllDatabases." -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }

        $sourceserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $sqlCredential -ParameterConnection

        if (-not $destination) {
            $destination = $sqlinstance
            $DestinationCredential = $SqlCredential
        }

        if ($sqlinstance -ne $destination) {

            $destserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destination -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential

            $sourcenb = $instance.ComputerName
            $destnb = $instance.ComputerName

            if ($BackupFolder.StartsWith("\\") -eq $false -and $sourcenb -ne $destnb) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Backup folder must be a network share if the source and destination servers are not the same." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $backupFolder
                return
            }
        } else {
            $destserver = $sourceserver
        }

        $source = $sourceserver.DomainInstanceName
        $destination = $destserver.DomainInstanceName

        if (!$jobowner) {
            $jobowner = Get-SqlSaLogin $destserver
        }

        if ($alldatabases -or !$Database) {
            $database = ($sourceserver.databases | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq $false -and ($_.Status -match 'Offline') -eq $false }).Name
        }

        if (!(Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $destserver -Path $backupFolder)) {
            $serviceaccount = $destserver.ServiceAccount
            Stop-Function -Message "Can't access $backupFolder Please check if $serviceaccount has permissions." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $backupFolder
        }

        $jobname = "Rationalised Final Database Restore for $dbname"
        $jobStepName = "Restore the $dbname database from Final Backup"

        if (!($destserver.Logins | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $jobowner })) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$destination does not contain the login $jobowner - Please fix and try again - Aborting." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $jobowner
        }

        function Start-SqlAgent {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
            #>
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param ()
            if ($destserver.VersionMajor -eq 8) {
                $serviceName = 'MSSQLSERVER'
            } else {
                $instance = $destserver.InstanceName
                if ($instance.length -eq 0) { $instance = "MSSQLSERVER" }
                $serviceName = "SQL Server Agent ($instance)"
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Starting Sql Agent")) {
                try {
                    $ipaddr = Resolve-SqlIpAddress $destserver
                    $agentservice = Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr -DisplayName $serviceName

                    if ($agentservice.Status -ne 'Running') {
                        $agentservice.Start()
                        $timeout = New-Timespan -seconds 60
                        $sw = [diagnostics.stopwatch]::StartNew()
                        $agentstatus = (Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr -DisplayName $serviceName).Status
                        while ($AgentStatus -ne 'Running' -and $sw.elapsed -lt $timeout) {
                            $agentStatus = (Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr -DisplayName $serviceName).Status
                        }
                    }
                }

                catch {
                    throw $_
                }

                if ($agentservice.Status -ne 'Running') {
                    throw "Cannot start Agent Service on $destination - Aborting."
                }
            }
        }

        function Start-DbccCheck {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS

            #>

            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param (
                [object]$server,
                [string]$dbname
            )

            $servername = $server.name
            $db = $server.databases[$dbname]

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($sourceserver, "Running dbcc check on $dbname on $servername")) {
                try {
                    $null = $db.CheckTables('None')
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "DBCC CHECKDB finished successfully for $dbname on $servername."
                }

                catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "DBCC CHECKDB failed."
                    Stop-Function -Message "Error occured: $_" -Target $agentservice -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue

                    if ($force) {
                        return $true
                    } else {
                        return $false
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function New-SqlAgentJobCategory {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS

            #>
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param ([string]$categoryname,
                [object]$jobServer)

            if (!$jobServer.JobCategories[$categoryname]) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($sourceserver, "Running dbcc check on $dbname on $sourceserver")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating Agent Job Category $categoryname."
                        $category = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobCategory
                        $category.Parent = $jobServer
                        $category.Name = $categoryname
                        $category.Create()
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Created Agent Job Category $categoryname."
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : To Create Agent Job Category - $categoryname - Aborting." -Target $categoryname -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Restore-Database {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Internal function. Restores .bak file to Sql database. Creates db if it doesn't exist. $filestructure is
                a custom object that contains logical and physical file locations.
            #>

            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [Alias('ServerInstance', 'SqlInstance', 'SqlServer')]
                [object]$server,
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                [string]$dbname,
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [string]$backupfile,
                [string]$filetype = 'Database',
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [object]$filestructure,
                [switch]$norecovery,
                [PSCredential]$sqlCredential,
                [switch]$TSql = $false
            )

            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $sqlCredential
            $servername = $server.name
            $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
            $restore = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore'
            $restore.ReplaceDatabase = $true

            foreach ($file in $filestructure.values) {
                $movefile = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RelocateFile'
                $movefile.LogicalFileName = $file.logical
                $movefile.PhysicalFileName = $file.physical
                $null = $restore.RelocateFiles.Add($movefile)
            }

            try {
                if ($TSql) {
                    $restore.PercentCompleteNotification = 1
                    $restore.add_Complete($complete)
                    $restore.ReplaceDatabase = $true
                    $restore.Database = $dbname
                    $restore.Action = $filetype
                    $restore.NoRecovery = $norecovery
                    $device = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem
                    $device.name = $backupfile
                    $device.devicetype = 'File'
                    $restore.Devices.Add($device)
                    $restorescript = $restore.script($server)
                    return $restorescript
                } else {
                    $percent = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PercentCompleteEventHandler] {
                        Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Restoring $dbname to $servername" -percentcomplete $_.Percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", $_.Percent))
                    }
                    $restore.add_PercentComplete($percent)
                    $restore.PercentCompleteNotification = 1
                    $restore.add_Complete($complete)
                    $restore.ReplaceDatabase = $true
                    $restore.Database = $dbname
                    $restore.Action = $filetype
                    $restore.NoRecovery = $norecovery
                    $device = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem
                    $device.name = $backupfile
                    $device.devicetype = 'File'
                    $restore.Devices.Add($device)

                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Restoring $dbname to $servername" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                    $restore.sqlrestore($server)
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Restoring $dbname to $servername" -status 'Complete' -Completed

                    return $true
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Restore failed" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $dbname
                return $false
            }
        }

    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }
        try {
            Start-SqlAgent
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure starting SQL Agent" -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }

        $start = Get-Date
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Rationalisation Script at $start."

        foreach ($dbname in $Database) {

            $db = $sourceserver.databases[$dbname]

            # The db check is needed when the number of databases exceeds 255, then it's no longer auto-populated
            if (!$db) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$dbname does not exist on $source. Aborting routine for this database." -Continue
            }

            $lastFullBckDuration = (Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $sourceserver -Database $dbname -LastFull).Duration

            if (-NOT ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($lastFullBckDuration))) {
                $lastFullBckDurationSec = $lastFullBckDuration.TotalSeconds
                $lastFullBckDurationMin = [Math]::Round($lastFullBckDuration.TotalMinutes, 2)

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "From the backup history the last full backup took $lastFullBckDurationSec seconds ($lastFullBckDurationMin minutes)"
                if ($lastFullBckDurationSec -gt 600) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Last full backup took more than 10 minutes. Do you want to continue?"

                    # Set up the parts for the user choice
                    $Title = "Backup duration"
                    $Info = "Last full backup took more than $lastFullBckDurationMin minutes. Do you want to continue?"

                    $Options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]] @("&Yes", "&No (Skip)")
                    [int]$Defaultchoice = 0
                    $choice = $host.UI.PromptForChoice($Title, $Info, $Options, $Defaultchoice)
                    # Check the given option
                    if ($choice -eq 1) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "You have chosen skipping the database $dbname because of last known backup time ($lastFullBckDurationMin minutes)." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $dbname -Continue
                        Continue
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Couldn't find last full backup time for database $dbname using Get-DbaBackupHistory."
            }

            $jobname = "Rationalised Database Restore Script for $dbname"
            $jobStepName = "Restore the $dbname database from Final Backup"
            $jobServer = $destserver.JobServer

            if ($jobServer.Jobs[$jobname].count -gt 0) {
                if ($force -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "FAILED: The Job $jobname already exists. Have you done this before? Rename the existing job and try again or use -Force to drop and recreate." -Continue
                } else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dbname, "Dropping $jobname on $source")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping $jobname on $source."
                        $jobServer.Jobs[$jobname].Drop()
                        $jobServer.Jobs.Refresh()
                    }
                }
            }


            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Rationalisation of $dbname."
            ## if we want to Dbcc before to abort if we have a corrupt database to start with
            if ($NoDbccCheckDb -eq $false) {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dbname, "Running dbcc check on $dbname on $source")) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting DBCC CHECKDB for $dbname on $source."
                    $dbccgood = Start-DbccCheck -Server $sourceserver -DBName $dbname

                    if ($dbccgood -eq $false) {
                        if ($force -eq $false) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "DBCC failed for $dbname (you should check that).  Aborting routine for this database."
                            continue
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "DBCC failed, but Force specified. Continuing."
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($source, "Backing up $dbname")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Backup for $dbname on $source."
                ## Take a Backup
                try {
                    $timenow = [DateTime]::Now.ToString('yyyyMMdd_HHmmss')
                    $backup = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Backup
                    $backup.Action = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SMO.BackupActionType]::Database
                    $backup.BackupSetDescription = "Final Full Backup of $dbname Prior to Dropping"
                    $backup.Database = $dbname
                    $backup.Checksum = $True
                    if ($sourceserver.versionMajor -gt 9) {
                        $backup.CompressionOption = $BackupCompression
                    }
                    if ($force -and $dbccgood -eq $false) {

                        $filename = "$backupFolder\$($dbname)_DBCCERROR_$timenow.bak"
                    } else {
                        $filename = "$backupFolder\$($dbname)_Final_Before_Drop_$timenow.bak"
                    }

                    $devicetype = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DeviceType]::File
                    $backupDevice = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem($filename, $devicetype)

                    $backup.Devices.Add($backupDevice)
                    #Progress
                    $percent = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PercentCompleteEventHandler] {
                        Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname on $source to $filename" -percentcomplete $_.Percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", $_.Percent))
                    }
                    $backup.add_PercentComplete($percent)
                    $backup.add_Complete($complete)
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname on $source to $filename" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0))
                    $backup.SqlBackup($sourceserver)
                    $null = $backup.Devices.Remove($backupDevice)
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname  on $source to $filename" -status "Complete" -Completed
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backup Completed for $dbname on $source."

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Running Restore Verify only on Backup of $dbname on $source."
                    try {
                        $restoreverify = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore'
                        $restoreverify.Database = $dbname
                        $restoreverify.Devices.AddDevice($filename, $devicetype)
                        $result = $restoreverify.SqlVerify($sourceserver)

                        if ($result -eq $false) {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "FAILED : Restore Verify Only failed for $filename on $server - aborting routine for this database."
                            continue
                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Restore Verify Only for $filename succeeded."
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : Restore Verify Only failed for $filename on $server - aborting routine for this database. Exception: $_" -Target $filename -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : Restore Verify Only failed for $filename on $server - aborting routine for this database. Exception: $_" -Target $filename -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating Automated Restore Job from Golden Backup for $dbname on $destination")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating Automated Restore Job from Golden Backup for $dbname on $destination."
                try {
                    if ($force -eq $true -and $dbccgood -eq $false) {
                        $jobName = $jobname -replace "Rationalised", "DBCC ERROR"
                    }

                    ## Create an agent job to restore the database
                    $job = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job $jobServer, $jobname
                    $job.Name = $jobname
                    $job.OwnerLoginName = $jobowner
                    $job.Description = "This job will restore the $dbname database using the final backup located at $filename."

                    ## Create a Job Category
                    if (!$jobServer.JobCategories[$categoryname]) {
                        New-SqlAgentJobCategory -JobServer $jobServer -categoryname $categoryname
                    }

                    $job.Category = $categoryname
                    try {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating Agent Job on $destination")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Created Agent Job $jobname on $destination."
                            $job.Create()
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : To Create Agent Job $jobname on $destination - aborting routine for this database." -Target $categoryname -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }

                    ## Create Job Step
                    ## Aaron's Suggestion: In the restore script, add a comment block that tells the last known size of each file in the database.
                    ## Suggestion check for disk space before restore
                    ## Create Restore Script
                    try {
                        $restore = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore
                        $device = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem $filename, 'FILE'
                        $restore.Devices.Add($device)
                        try {
                            $filelist = $restore.ReadFileList($destserver)
                        }

                        catch {
                            throw 'File list could not be determined. This is likely due to connectivity issues or tiemouts with the Sql Server, the database version is incorrect, or the Sql Server service account does not have access to the file share. Script terminating.'
                        }

                        $filestructure = Get-OfflineSqlFileStructure $destserver $dbname $filelist $ReuseSourceFolderStructure

                        $jobStepCommand = Restore-Database $destserver $dbname $filename "Database" $filestructure -TSql -ErrorAction Stop
                        $jobStep = new-object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobStep $job, $jobStepName
                        $jobStep.SubSystem = 'TransactSql' # 'PowerShell'
                        $jobStep.DatabaseName = 'master'
                        $jobStep.Command = $jobStepCommand
                        $jobStep.OnSuccessAction = 'QuitWithSuccess'
                        $jobStep.OnFailAction = 'QuitWithFailure'
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Creating Agent JobStep on $destination")) {
                            $null = $jobStep.Create()
                        }
                        $jobStartStepid = $jobStep.ID
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Created Agent JobStep $jobStepName on $destination."
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : To Create Agent JobStep $jobStepName on $destination - Aborting." -Target $jobStepName -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Applying Agent Job $jobname to $destination")) {
                        $job.ApplyToTargetServer($destination)
                        $job.StartStepID = $jobStartStepid
                        $job.Alter()
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : To Create Agent Job $jobname on $destination - aborting routine for $dbname. Exception: $_" -Target $jobname -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping Database $dbname on $sourceserver")) {
                ## Drop the database
                try {
                    $null = Remove-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $sourceserver -Database $dbname -Confirm:$false
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropped $dbname Database on $source prior to running the Agent Job"
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : To Drop database $dbname on $server - aborting routine for $dbname. Exception: $_" -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Running Agent Job on $destination to restore $dbname")) {
                ## Run the restore job to restore it
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting $jobname on $destination."
                try {
                    $job = $destserver.JobServer.Jobs[$jobname]
                    $job.Start()
                    $job.Refresh()
                    $status = $job.CurrentRunStatus

                    while ($status -ne 'Idle') {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Restore Job for $dbname on $destination is $status."
                        Start-Sleep -Seconds 15
                        $job.Refresh()
                        $status = $job.CurrentRunStatus
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Restore Job $jobname has completed on $destination."
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Sleeping for a few seconds to ensure the next step (DBCC) succeeds."
                    Start-Sleep -Seconds 10 ## This is required to ensure the next DBCC Check succeeds
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : Restore Job $jobname failed on $destination - aborting routine for $dbname. Exception: $_" -Continue
                }

                if ($job.LastRunOutcome -ne 'Succeeded') {
                    # LOL, love the plug.
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "FAILED : Restore Job $jobname failed on $destination - aborting routine for $dbname."
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Check the Agent Job History on $destination - if you have SSMS2016 July release or later."
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Get-SqlAgentJobHistory -JobName '$jobname' -ServerInstance $destination -OutcomesType Failed."
                    continue
                }
            }

            $refreshRetries = 1

            while ($null -eq ($destserver.databases[$dbname]) -and $refreshRetries -lt 6) {
                Write-Message -Level verbose -Message "Database $dbname not found! Refreshing collection."

                #refresh database list, otherwise the next step (DBCC) can fail
                $destserver.Databases.Refresh()

                Start-Sleep -Seconds 1

                $refreshRetries += 1
            }


            ## Run a Dbcc No choice here
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dbname, "Running Dbcc CHECKDB on $dbname on $destination")) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting Dbcc CHECKDB for $dbname on $destination."
                $null = Start-DbccCheck -Server $destserver -DbName $dbname
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dbname, "Dropping Database $dbname on $destination")) {
                ## Drop the database
                try {
                    $null = Remove-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $sourceserver -Database $dbname -Confirm:$false
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropped $dbname database on $destination."
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "FAILED : To Drop database $dbname on $destination - Aborting. Exception: $_" -Target $dbname -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Rationalisation Finished for $dbname."

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                SqlInstance     = $source
                DatabaseName    = $dbname
                JobName         = $jobname
                TestingInstance = $destination
                BackupFolder    = $backupFolder
            }
        }
    }

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }
        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing final message")) {
            $End = Get-Date
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Finished at $End."
            $Duration = $End - $start
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Script Duration: $Duration."
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Remove-SqlDatabaseSafely
    }
}
function Remove-DbaDbBackupRestoreHistory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Reduces the size of the backup and restore history tables by deleting old entries for backup sets.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Reduces the size of the backup and restore history tables by deleting the entries for backup sets.

        Can be used at server level, in this case a retention period -KeepDays can be set (default is 30 days).
        Can also be used at database level, in this case the complete history for the database(s) is deleted.

        The backup and restore history tables reside in the msdb database.

        To periodically remove old data from backup and restore history tables it is recommended to schedule the agent job sp_delete_backuphistory from the
        SQL Server Maintenance Solution created by Ola Hallengren (https://ola.hallengren.com).

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER KeepDays
        The number of days of history to keep. Defaults to 30 days.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piped input from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Delete
        Author: IJeb Reitsma

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaDbBackupRestoreHistory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbBackupRestoreHistory -SqlInstance sql2016

        Prompts for confirmation then deletes backup and restore history on SQL Server sql2016 older than 30 days (default period)

        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbBackupRestoreHistory -SqlInstance sql2016 -KeepDays 100 -Confirm:$false

        Remove backup and restore history on SQL Server sql2016 older than 100 days. Does not prompt for confirmation.

        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbBackupRestoreHistory -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database db1

        Prompts for confirmation then deletes all backup and restore history for database db1 on SQL Server sql2016

        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 | Remove-DbaDbBackupRestoreHistory -WhatIf

        Remove complete backup and restore history for all databases on SQL Server sql2016
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int]$KeepDays = 30,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $odt = (Get-Date).AddDays(-$KeepDays)
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            if (-not $Database) {
                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Remove backup/restore history before $($odt) for all databases")) {
                        # While this method is named DeleteBackupHistory, it also removes restore history
                        $server.DeleteBackupHistory($odt)
                        $server.Refresh()
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove backup/restore history on $server" -Continue
                }
            } else {
                $InputObject += $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Database }
            }
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            try {
                $servername = $db.Parent.Name
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $servername", "Remove complete backup/restore history")) {
                    # While this method is named DeleteBackupHistory, it also removes restore history
                    $db.DropBackupHistory()
                    $db.Refresh()
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove backup/restore history for database $db on $servername" -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaDbCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Deletes specified database certificate

    .DESCRIPTION
        Deletes specified database certificate

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server to create the certificates on.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database where the certificate will be removed.

    .PARAMETER Certificate
        The certificate that will be removed

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Piped certificate objects

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1

        The certificate in the master database on server1 will be removed if it exists.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Database db1 -Confirm:$false

        Suppresses all prompts to remove the certificate in the 'db1' database and drops the key.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$Certificate,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Certificate[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Remove-DbaDatabaseCertificate
    }
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Certificate $Certificate -Database $Database
        }
        foreach ($cert in $InputObject) {
            $db = $cert.Parent
            $server = $db.Parent

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Dropping the certificate named $cert for database $db")) {
                try {
                    # erroractionprefs are not invoked for .net methods suddenly (??), so use Invoke-DbaQuery
                    # Avoids modifying the collection
                    Invoke-DbaQuery -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -Query "DROP CERTIFICATE $cert" -EnableException
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully removed certificate named $cert from the $db database on $server"
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $db.Name
                        Certificate  = $cert.Name
                        Status       = "Success"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to drop certificate named $($cert.Name) from $($db.Name) on $($server.Name)." -Target $smocert -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaDbMasterKey {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Deletes specified database master key

    .DESCRIPTION
        Deletes specified database master key

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to SQL Server using alternative credentials

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database where the master key will be removed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        List of databases to exclude from clearing all master keys

    .PARAMETER All
        Purge the master keys from all databases on an instance

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables pipeline input from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate, Masterkey
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaMasterKey

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbMasterKey -SqlInstance sql2017, sql2016 -Database pubs

        The master key in the pubs database on sql2017 and sql2016 will be removed if it exists.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbMasterKey -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database db1 -Confirm:$false

        Suppresses all prompts to remove the master key in the 'db1' database and drops the key.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbMasterKey -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database db1 | Remove-DbaDbMasterKey -Confirm:$false

        Suppresses all prompts to remove the master key in the 'db1' database and drops the key.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$All,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MasterKey[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            if (-not $Database -and -not $ExcludeDatabase -and -not $All) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify Database, ExcludeDatabase or All when using SqlInstance"
                return
            }
            # all does not need to be addressed in the code because it gets all the dbs if $databases is empty
            $databases = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
            if ($databases) {
                foreach ($key in $databases.MasterKey) {
                    $InputObject += $key
                }
            }
        }

        foreach ($masterkey in $InputObject) {
            $server = $masterkey.Parent.Parent
            $db = $masterkey.Parent
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Removing master key on $($db.Name)")) {
                # avoid enumeration issues
                try {
                    $masterkey.Parent.Query("DROP MASTER KEY")
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $db.Name
                        Status       = "Master key removed"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaDbMirror {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes database mirrors.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes database mirrors. Does not set databases in recovery to recovered.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The target database.

    .PARAMETER Partner
        The partner fqdn.

    .PARAMETER Witness
        The witness fqdn.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaDatabase.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Mirror, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, [email protected])
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDbMirror

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbMirror -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all Endpoint(s) on the local default SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbMirror -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016

        Returns all Endpoint(s) for the local and sql2016 SQL Server instances

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Database is required when SqlInstance is specified"
            return
        }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Parent.Name, "Turning off mirror for $db")) {
                # use t-sql cuz $db.Alter() doesnt always work against restoring dbs
                try {
                    try {
                        $db.ChangeMirroringState([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MirroringOption]::Off)
                        $db.Alter()
                    } catch {
                        try {
                            $db.Parent.Query("ALTER DATABASE $db SET PARTNER OFF")
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failure on $($db.Parent) for $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $db.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $db.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance  = $db.SqlInstance
                        Database     = $db.Name
                        Status       = "Removed"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure on $($db.Parent.Name)" -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaDbMirrorMonitor {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Stops and deletes the mirroring monitor job for all the databases on the server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Stops and deletes the mirroring monitor job for all the databases on the server instance.

        Basically executes sp_dbmmonitordropmonitoring.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternate Windows or SQL Login Authentication. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Mirror, HA, Monitor
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaDbMirrorMonitor

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbMirrorMonitor -SqlInstance sql2008, sql2012

        Stops and deletes the mirroring monitor job for all the databases on sql2008 and sql2012.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Removing mirror monitoring")) {
                try {
                    $server.Query("msdb.dbo.sp_dbmmonitordropmonitoring")
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName  = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName  = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        MonitorStatus = "Removed"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaDbSnapshot {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes database snapshots

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes (drops) database snapshots from the server

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user

    .PARAMETER Database
        Removes snapshots for only this specific base db

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Removes snapshots excluding this specific base dbs

    .PARAMETER Snapshot
        Restores databases from snapshot with this name only

    .PARAMETER AllSnapshots
        Specifies that you want to remove all snapshots from the server

    .PARAMETER Force
        Will forcibly kill all running queries that prevent the drop process.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts for confirmation of every step.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables input from Get-DbaDbSnapshot

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Snapshot, Database
        Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphold)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaDbSnapshot

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2014 -Snapshot HR_snap_20161201, HR_snap_20161101

        Removes database snapshots named HR_snap_20161201 and HR_snap_20161101

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database HR, Accounting

        Removes all database snapshots having HR and Accounting as base dbs

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database HR, Accounting | Remove-DbaDbSnapshot

        Removes all database snapshots having HR and Accounting as base dbs

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2014 -Snapshot HR_snapshot, Accounting_snapshot

        Removes HR_snapshot and Accounting_snapshot

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2016 | Where SnapshotOf -like '*dumpsterfire*' | Remove-DbaDbSnapshot

        Removes all snapshots associated with databases that have dumpsterfire in the name

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2016 | Out-GridView -Passthru | Remove-DbaDbSnapshot

        Allows the selection of snapshots on sql2016 to remove

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2014 -AllSnapshots

        Removes all database snapshots from sql2014

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2014 -AllSnapshots -Confirm

        Removes all database snapshots from sql2014 and prompts for each database

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [string[]]$Snapshot,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$AllSnapshots,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $defaultprops = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Database as Name', 'Status'
    }
    process {
        if (!$Snapshot -and !$Database -and !$AllSnapshots -and $null -eq $InputObject -and !$ExcludeDatabase) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must pipe in a snapshot or specify -Snapshot, -Database, -ExcludeDatabase or -AllSnapshots"
            return
        }

        # if piped value either doesn't exist or is not the proper type
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $InputObject += Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase -Snapshot $Snapshot
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            $server = $db.Parent

            if (-not $db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$db on $server is not a database snapshot" -Continue
            }

            if ($Force) {
                $db | Remove-DbaDatabase -Confirm:$false | Select-DefaultView -Property $defaultprops
            } else {
                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $server", "Drop snapshot")) {
                        $db.Drop()
                        $server.Refresh()

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $db.name
                            Status       = "Dropped"
                        } | Select-DefaultView -Property $defaultprops
                    }
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Could not drop database $db on $server"

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database     = $db.name
                        Status       = (Get-ErrorMessage -Record $_)
                    } | Select-DefaultView -Property $defaultprops
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Remove-DbaDatabaseSnapshot
    }
}
function Remove-DbaDbUser {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Drop database user

    .DESCRIPTION
        If user is the owner of a schema with the same name and if if the schema does not have any underlying objects the schema will be
        dropped.  If user owns more than one schema, the owner of the schemas that does not have the same name as the user, will be
        changed to 'dbo'. If schemas have underlying objects, you must specify the -Force parameter so the user can be dropped.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER User
        Specifies the list of users to remove.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Support piping from Get-DbaDbUser.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If enabled this will force the change of the owner to 'dbo' for any schema which owner is the User.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, User, Login, Security
        Author: Doug Meyers (@dgmyrs)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaDbUser

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -User user1

        Drops user1 from all databases it exists in on server 'sqlserver2014'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database database1 -User user1

        Drops user1 from the database1 database on server 'sqlserver2014'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -ExcludeDatabase model -User user1

        Drops user1 from all databases it exists in on server 'sqlserver2014' except for the model database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbUser sqlserver2014 | Where-Object Name -In "user1" | Remove-DbaDbUser

        Drops user1 from all databases it exists in on server 'sqlserver2014'.

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'User', SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'User')]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'User')]
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'User')]
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'User')]
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'User')]
        [object[]]$User,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'Object')]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.User[]]$InputObject,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'User')]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Object')]
        [switch]$Force,

        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        function Remove-DbUser {
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param ([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.User[]]$users)

            foreach ($user in $users) {
                $db = $user.Parent
                $server = $db.Parent
                $ownedObjects = $false
                $alterSchemas = @()
                $dropSchemas = @()
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing User $user from Database $db on target $server"

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($user, "Removing user from Database $db")) {
                    # Drop Schemas owned by the user before droping the user
                    $schemaUrns = $user.EnumOwnedObjects() | Where-Object Type -EQ Schema
                    if ($schemaUrns) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "User $user owns $($schemaUrns.Count) schema(s)."

                        # Need to gather up the schema changes so they can be done in a non-desctructive order
                        foreach ($schemaUrn in $schemaUrns) {
                            $schema = $server.GetSmoObject($schemaUrn)

                            # Drop any schema that is the same name as the user
                            if ($schema.Name -EQ $user.Name) {
                                # Check for owned objects early so we can exit before any changes are made
                                $ownedUrns = $schema.EnumOwnedObjects()
                                if (-Not $ownedUrns) {
                                    $dropSchemas += $schema
                                } else {
                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "User owns objects in the database and will not be removed."
                                    foreach ($ownedUrn in $ownedUrns) {
                                        $obj = $server.GetSmoObject($ownedUrn)
                                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "User $user owns $($obj.GetType().Name) $obj"
                                    }
                                    $ownedObjects = $true
                                }
                            }

                            # Change the owner of any schema not the same name as the user
                            if ($schema.Name -NE $user.Name) {
                                # Check for owned objects early so we can exit before any changes are made
                                $ownedUrns = $schema.EnumOwnedObjects()
                                if (($ownedUrns -And $Force) -Or (-Not $ownedUrns)) {
                                    $alterSchemas += $schema
                                } else {
                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "User $user owns the Schema $schema, which owns $($ownedUrns.Count) Object(s).  If you want to change the schemas' owner to [dbo] and drop the user anyway, use -Force parameter.  User $user will not be removed."
                                    $ownedObjects = $true
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (-Not $ownedObjects) {
                        try {
                            # Alter Schemas
                            foreach ($schema in $alterSchemas) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Owner of Schema $schema will be changed to [dbo]."
                                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Change the owner of Schema $schema to [dbo].")) {
                                    $schema.Owner = "dbo"
                                    $schema.Alter()
                                }
                            }

                            # Drop Schemas
                            foreach ($schema in $dropSchemas) {
                                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Drop Schema $schema from Database $db.")) {
                                    $schema.Drop()
                                }
                            }

                            # Finally, Drop user
                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Drop User $user from Database $db.")) {
                                $user.Drop()
                            }

                            $status = "Dropped"

                        } catch {
                            Write-Error -Message "Could not drop $user from Database $db on target $server"
                            $status = "Not Dropped"
                        }

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $db.name
                            User         = $user
                            Status       = $status
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if ($InputObject) {
            Remove-DbUser $InputObject
        } else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

                if ($Database) {
                    $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
                }
                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
                }

                foreach ($db in $databases) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Get users in Database $db on target $server"
                    $users = Get-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name
                    $users = $users | Where-Object Name -In $User
                    Remove-DbUser $users
                }
            }
        }
    }

}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaEndpoint {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes endpoints from a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes endpoints from a SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Endpoint
        Only remove specific endpoints.

    .PARAMETER AllEndpoints
        Remove all endpoints on an instance.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-Endpoint.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Endpoint
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaEndpoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AllEndpoints

        Removes all endpoints on the sqlserver2014 instance. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Endpoint endpoint1,endpoint2 -Confirm:$false

        Removes the endpoint1 and endpoint2 endpoints. Does not prompt for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Endpoint endpoint1 | Remove-DbaEndpoint

        Removes the endpoints returned from the Get-DbaEndpoint function. Prompts for confirmation.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$EndPoint,
        [switch]$AllEndpoints,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Endpoint[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Endpoint, AllEndpoints)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify AllEndpoints or Endpoint when using the SqlInstance parameter."
            return
        }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -EndPoint $Endpoint
        }

        foreach ($ep in $InputObject) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($ep.Parent.name, "Removing endpoint $ep")) {
                try {
                    # avoid enumeration issues
                    $ep.Parent.Query("DROP ENDPOINT $ep")
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $ep.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $ep.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance  = $ep.SqlInstance
                        Endpoint     = $ep.Name
                        Status       = "Removed"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Remove-DbaLogin {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Drops a Login

    .DESCRIPTION
        Tries a bunch of different ways to remove a Login or two or more.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER Login
        The Login(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all Logins will be processed.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of Logins (such as returned by Get-DbaLogin), to be removed.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Kills any sessions associated with the login prior to drop

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Delete, Login
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaLogin

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -Login mylogin

        Prompts then removes the Login mylogin on SQL Server sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -Login mylogin, yourlogin

        Prompts then removes the Logins mylogin and yourlogin on SQL Server sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2016 -Login mylogin -Confirm:$false

        Does not prompt and swiftly removes mylogin on SQL Server sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance server\instance -Login yourlogin | Remove-DbaLogin

        Removes mylogin on SQL Server server\instance

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High', DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "instance")]
        [string[]]$Login,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Logins")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $InputObject += $server.Logins | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Login }
        }

        foreach ($currentlogin in $InputObject) {
            try {
                $server = $currentlogin.Parent
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$currentlogin on $server", "KillLogin")) {
                    if ($force) {
                        $null = Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $server -Login $currentlogin.name
                    }

                    $currentlogin.Drop()

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Login        = $currentlogin.name
                        Status       = "Dropped"
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Login        = $currentlogin.name
                    Status       = $_
                }
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not drop Login $currentlogin on $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $currentlogin -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Remove-DbaNetworkCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes the network certificate for SQL Server instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes the network certificate for SQL Server instance. This setting is found in Configuration Manager.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
       The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost. If target is a cluster, you must also specify InstanceClusterName (see below)

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the computer (not sql instance) using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaNetworkCertificate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaNetworkCertificate

        Removes the Network Certificate for the default instance (MSSQLSERVER) on localhost

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaNetworkCertificate -SqlInstance sql1\SQL2008R2SP2

        Removes the Network Certificate for the SQL2008R2SP2 instance on sql1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaNetworkCertificate -SqlInstance localhost\SQL2008R2SP2 -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were run

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low", DefaultParameterSetName = 'Default')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        # Registry access
        
        
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $instance" -Target $instance
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance -Continue

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving hostname"
            $resolved = $null
            $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance -Turbo

            if ($null -eq $resolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't resolve $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -Category InvalidArgument
            }

            try {
                $sqlwmi = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $resolved.FQDN -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($($instance.InstanceName))"
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to access $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
            $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
            $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(
            $serviceaccount = $sqlwmi.ServiceAccount

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $instance" -Continue -Category ObjectNotFound -Target $instance
                }
            }

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) { $vsname = $instance }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Regroot: $regroot" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "ServiceAcct: $serviceaccount" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "InstanceName: $instancename" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "VSNAME: $vsname" -Target $instance

            $scriptblock = {
                $regroot = $args[0]
                $serviceaccount = $args[1]
                $instancename = $args[2]
                $vsname = $args[3]

                $regpath = "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$($regroot)\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib"
                $cert = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate).Certificate
                Set-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate -Value $null

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName      = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    InstanceName      = $instancename
                    SqlInstance       = $vsname
                    ServiceAccount    = $serviceaccount
                    RemovedThumbprint = $cert.Thumbprint
                }
            }

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $ComputerName to remove the cert")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $resolved.fqdn -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $regroot, $serviceaccount, $instancename, $vsname -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to $($resolved.fqdn) using PowerShell remoting!" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaOrphanUser {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Drop orphan users with no existing login to map

    .DESCRIPTION
        An orphan user is defined by a user that does not have their matching login. (Login property = "").

        If user is the owner of the schema with the same name and if if the schema does not have any underlying objects the schema will be dropped.

        If user owns more than one schema, the owner of the schemas that does not have the same name as the user, will be changed to 'dbo'. If schemas have underlying objects, you must specify the -Force parameter so the user can be dropped.

        If exists a login to map the drop will not be performed unless you specify the -Force parameter (only when calling from Repair-DbaOrphanUser.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER User
        Specifies the list of users to remove.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled:
        If exists any schema which owner is the User, this will force the change of the owner to 'dbo'.
        If exists a login to map the drop will not be performed unless you specify this parameter.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Orphan, Database, Security, Login
        Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva) | Simone Bizzotto (@niphlod)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaOrphanUser

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sql2005

        Finds and drops all orphan users without matching Logins in all databases present on server 'sql2005'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred

        Finds and drops all orphan users without matching Logins in all databases present on server 'sqlserver2014a'. SQL Server authentication will be used in connecting to the server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2 -Force

        Finds and drops orphan users even if they have a matching Login on both db1 and db2 databases.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -ExcludeDatabase db1, db2 -Force

        Finds and drops orphan users even if they have a matching Login from all databases except db1 and db2.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -User OrphanUser

        Removes user OrphanUser from all databases only if there is no matching login.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -User OrphanUser -Force

        Removes user OrphanUser from all databases even if they have a matching Login. Any schema that the user owns will change ownership to dbo.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$User,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($Instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't connect to $Instance or access denied. Skipping."
                continue
            }

            $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            $CallStack = Get-PSCallStack | Select-Object -Property *
            if ($CallStack.Count -eq 1) {
                $StackSource = $CallStack[0].Command
            } else {
                #-2 because index base is 0 and we want the one before the last (the last is the actual command)
                $StackSource = $CallStack[($CallStack.Count - 2)].Command
            }

            if ($DatabaseCollection) {
                foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
                    try {
                        #if SQL 2012 or higher only validate databases with ContainmentType = NONE
                        if ($server.versionMajor -gt 10) {
                            if ($db.ContainmentType -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ContainmentType]::None) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database '$db' is a contained database. Contained databases can't have orphaned users. Skipping validation."
                                Continue
                            }
                        }

                        if ($StackSource -eq "Repair-DbaOrphanUser") {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Call origin: Repair-DbaOrphanUser."
                            #Will use collection from parameter ($User)
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Validating users on database $db."

                            if ($User.Count -ge 1) {
                                #the third validation will remove from list sql users without login  or mapped to certificate. The rule here is Sid with length higher than 16
                                $User = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.Login -eq "" -and ($_.ID -gt 4) -and (($_.Sid.Length -gt 16 -and $_.LoginType -in @([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::Certificate)) -eq $false) }
                            } else {
                                #the fourth validation will remove from list sql users without login or mapped to certificate. The rule here is Sid with length higher than 16
                                $User = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.Login -eq "" -and ($_.ID -gt 4) -and ($User -contains $_.Name) -and (($_.Sid.Length -gt 16 -and $_.LoginType -in @([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::Certificate)) -eq $false) }
                            }
                        }

                        if ($User.Count -gt 0) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Orphan users found."
                            foreach ($dbuser in $User) {
                                $SkipUser = $false

                                $ExistLogin = $null

                                if ($StackSource -ne "Repair-DbaOrphanUser") {
                                    #Need to validate Existing Login because the call does not came from Repair-DbaOrphanUser
                                    $ExistLogin = $server.logins | Where-Object {
                                        $_.Isdisabled -eq $False -and
                                        $_.IsSystemObject -eq $False -and
                                        $_.IsLocked -eq $False -and
                                        $_.Name -eq $dbuser.Name
                                    }
                                }

                                #Schemas only appears on SQL Server 2005 (v9.0)
                                if ($server.versionMajor -gt 8) {

                                    #reset variables
                                    $AlterSchemaOwner = ""
                                    $DropSchema = ""

                                    #Validate if user owns any schema
                                    $Schemas = @()
                                    $Schemas = $db.Schemas | Where-Object Owner -eq $dbuser.Name

                                    if (@($Schemas).Count -gt 0) {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "User $dbuser owns one or more schemas."

                                        foreach ($sch in $Schemas) {
                                            <#
                                                On sql server 2008 or lower the EnumObjects method does not accept empty parameter.
                                                0x1FFFFFFF is the way we can say we want everything known by those versions

                                                When it is a higher version we can use empty to get all
                                            #>
                                            if ($server.versionMajor -lt 11) {
                                                $NumberObjects = ($db.EnumObjects(0x1FFFFFFF) | Where-Object { $_.Schema -eq $sch.Name } | Measure-Object).Count
                                            } else {
                                                $NumberObjects = ($db.EnumObjects() | Where-Object { $_.Schema -eq $sch.Name } | Measure-Object).Count
                                            }

                                            if ($NumberObjects -gt 0) {
                                                if ($Force) {
                                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Parameter -Force was used! The schema '$($sch.Name)' have $NumberObjects underlying objects. We will change schema owner to 'dbo' and drop the user."

                                                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Changing schema '$($sch.Name)' owner to 'dbo'. -Force used.")) {
                                                        $AlterSchemaOwner += "ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON SCHEMA::[$($sch.Name)] TO [dbo]`r`n"

                                                        [pscustomobject]@{
                                                            ComputerName      = $server.ComputerName
                                                            InstanceName      = $server.ServiceName
                                                            SqlInstance       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                                            DatabaseName      = $db.Name
                                                            SchemaName        = $sch.Name
                                                            Action            = "ALTER OWNER"
                                                            SchemaOwnerBefore = $sch.Owner
                                                            SchemaOwnerAfter  = "dbo"
                                                        }
                                                    }
                                                } else {
                                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Schema '$($sch.Name)' owned by user $($dbuser.Name) have $NumberObjects underlying objects. If you want to change the schemas' owner to 'dbo' and drop the user anyway, use -Force parameter. Skipping user '$dbuser'."
                                                    $SkipUser = $true
                                                    break
                                                }
                                            } else {
                                                if ($sch.Name -eq $dbuser.Name) {
                                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "The schema '$($sch.Name)' have the same name as user $dbuser. Schema will be dropped."

                                                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Dropping schema '$($sch.Name)'.")) {
                                                        $DropSchema += "DROP SCHEMA [$($sch.Name)]"

                                                        [pscustomobject]@{
                                                            ComputerName      = $server.ComputerName
                                                            InstanceName      = $server.ServiceName
                                                            SqlInstance       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                                            DatabaseName      = $db.Name
                                                            SchemaName        = $sch.Name
                                                            Action            = "DROP"
                                                            SchemaOwnerBefore = $sch.Owner
                                                            SchemaOwnerAfter  = "N/A"
                                                        }
                                                    }
                                                } else {
                                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Schema '$($sch.Name)' does not have any underlying object. Ownership will be changed to 'dbo' so the user can be dropped. Remember to re-check permissions on this schema!"

                                                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Changing schema '$($sch.Name)' owner to 'dbo'.")) {
                                                        $AlterSchemaOwner += "ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON SCHEMA::[$($sch.Name)] TO [dbo]`r`n"

                                                        [pscustomobject]@{
                                                            ComputerName      = $server.ComputerName
                                                            InstanceName      = $server.ServiceName
                                                            SqlInstance       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                                            DatabaseName      = $db.Name
                                                            SchemaName        = $sch.Name
                                                            Action            = "ALTER OWNER"
                                                            SchemaOwnerBefore = $sch.Owner
                                                            SchemaOwnerAfter  = "dbo"
                                                        }
                                                    }
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }

                                    } else {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "User $dbuser does not own any schema. Will be dropped."
                                    }

                                    $query = "$AlterSchemaOwner `r`n$DropSchema `r`nDROP USER " + $dbuser

                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $query
                                } else {
                                    $query = "EXEC master.dbo.sp_droplogin @loginame = N'$($dbuser.name)'"
                                }

                                if ($ExistLogin) {
                                    if (-not $SkipUser) {
                                        if ($Force) {
                                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Dropping user $dbuser using -Force")) {
                                                $server.Databases[$db.Name].ExecuteNonQuery($query) | Out-Null
                                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "User $dbuser was dropped from $($db.Name). -Force parameter was used!"
                                            }
                                        } else {
                                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Orphan user $($dbuser.Name) has a matching login. The user will not be dropped. If you want to drop anyway, use -Force parameter."
                                            Continue
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    if (-not $SkipUser) {
                                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Dropping user $dbuser")) {
                                            $server.Databases[$db.Name].ExecuteNonQuery($query) | Out-Null
                                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "User $dbuser was dropped from $($db.Name)."
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No orphan users found on database $db."
                        }
                        #reset collection
                        $User = $null
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "There are no databases to analyse."
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Remove-SqlOrphanUser
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes a Performance Data Collector Counter.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes a Performance Data Collector Counter.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the target computer using alternative credentials. To use:

        $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER CollectorSet
        The name of the Collector Set to search.

    .PARAMETER Collector
        The name of the Collector to remove.

    .PARAMETER Counter
        The name of the Counter - in the form of '\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time'.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet via the pipeline.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: PerfMon
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName sql2017 -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' -Collector DataCollector01  -Counter '\LogicalDisk(*)\Avg. Disk Queue Length'

        Prompts for confirmation then removes the '\LogicalDisk(*)\Avg. Disk Queue Length' counter within the DataCollector01 collector within the System Correlation collector set on sql2017.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter | Out-GridView -PassThru | Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -Confirm:$false

        Allows you to select which counters you'd like on localhost and does not prompt for confirmation.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [Alias("DataCollector")]
        [string[]]$Collector,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("Name")]
        [object[]]$Counter,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $setscript = {
            $setname = $args[0]; $removexml = $args[1]
            $CollectorSet = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            $CollectorSet.SetXml($removexml)
            $CollectorSet.Commit($setname, $null, 0x0003) #add or modify.
            $CollectorSet.Query($setname, $Null)
        }
    }
    process {
        
        
        if ($InputObject.Credential -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential -Not)) {
            $Credential = $InputObject.Credential
        }

        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet -Collector $Collector -Counter $Counter
            }
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.CounterObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorCounter."
                return
            }
        }

        foreach ($object in $InputObject) {
            $computer = $InputObject.ComputerName
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue
            $setname = $InputObject.DataCollectorSet
            $collectorname = $InputObject.DataCollector

            $xml = [xml]($InputObject.DataCollectorSetXml)

            foreach ($countername in $counter) {
                $node = $xml.SelectSingleNode("//Name[.='$collectorname']").SelectSingleNode("//Counter[.='$countername']")
                $null = $node.ParentNode.RemoveChild($node)
                $node = $xml.SelectSingleNode("//Name[.='$collectorname']").SelectSingleNode("//CounterDisplayName[.='$countername']")
                $null = $node.ParentNode.RemoveChild($node)
            }

            $plainxml = $xml.OuterXml

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$computer", "Remove $countername from $collectorname with the $setname collection set")) {
                try {
                    $results = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $setname, $plainxml -ErrorAction Stop -Raw
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message " $results"
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName     = $computer
                        DataCollectorSet = $setname
                        DataCollector    = $collectorname
                        Name             = $counterName
                        Status           = "Removed"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure importing $Countername to $computer." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes a Performance Monitor Data Collector Set

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes a Performance Monitor Data Collector Set. When removing data collector sets from the local instance, Run As Admin is required.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the target computer using alternative credentials. To use:

        $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER CollectorSet
        The name of the Collector Set to remove.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet via the pipeline.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: PerfMon
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

        Prompts for confirmation then removes all ready Collectors on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017 -Confirm:$false

        Attempts to remove all ready Collectors on localhost and does not prompt to confirm.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 -Credential ad\sqldba -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'

        Prompts for confirmation then removes the 'System Correlation' Collector on sql2017 and sql2016 using alternative credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

        Removes the 'System Correlation' Collector.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet | Remove-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

        Stops and removes the 'System Correlation' Collector.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $setscript = {
            $setname = $args
            $collectorset = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            $collectorset.Query($setname, $null)
            if ($collectorset.name -eq $setname) {
                $null = $collectorset.Delete()
            } else {
                <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                Write-Warning "Data Collector Set $setname does not exist on $env:COMPUTERNAME."
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        
        
        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet
            }
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.DataCollectorSetObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet."
                return
            }
        }

        # Check to see if its running first
        foreach ($set in $InputObject) {
            $setname = $set.Name
            $computer = $set.ComputerName
            $status = $set.State

            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$setname on $ComputerName is $status."

            if ($status -eq "Running") {
                Stop-Function -Message "$setname on $computer is running. Use Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet to stop first." -Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$computer", "Removing collector set $setname")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $setname -ErrorAction Stop
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $computer
                        Name         = $setname
                        Status       = "Removed"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure Removing $setname on $computer." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Remove-DbaSpn {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes an SPN for a given service account in active directory and also removes delegation to the same SPN, if found

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function will connect to Active Directory and search for an account. If the account is found, it will attempt to remove the specified SPN. Once the SPN is removed, the function will also remove delegation to that service.

        In order to run this function, the credential you provide must have write access to Active Directory.

    .PARAMETER SPN
        The SPN you want to remove

    .PARAMETER ServiceAccount
        The account you want the SPN remove from

    .PARAMETER Credential
        The credential you want to use to connect to Active Directory to make the changes

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Turns confirmations before changes on or off

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command was executed

    .NOTES
        Tags: SPN
        Author: Drew Furgiuele (@pittfurg), http://www.port1433.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaSpn

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account

        Connects to Active Directory and removes a provided SPN from the given account (and also the relative delegation)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account -EnableException

        Connects to Active Directory and removes a provided SPN from the given account, suppressing all error messages and throw exceptions that can be caught instead

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account -Credential ad\sqldba

        Connects to Active Directory and removes a provided SPN to the given account. Uses alternative account to connect to AD.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName sql2005 | Where { $_.isSet -eq $true } | Remove-DbaSpn -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen trying to remove all set SPNs for sql2005 and the relative delegations

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName sql2005 | Where { $_.isSet -eq $true } | Remove-DbaSpn

        Removes all set SPNs for sql2005 and the relative delegations

    #>
    [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("RequiredSPN")]
        [string]$SPN,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("InstanceServiceAccount", "AccountName")]
        [string]$ServiceAccount,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        Write-Message -Message "Looking for account $ServiceAccount..." -Level Verbose
        $searchfor = 'User'
        if ($ServiceAccount.EndsWith('$')) {
            $searchfor = 'Computer'
        }
        try {
            $Result = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $ServiceAccount -Type $searchfor -Credential $Credential -EnableException
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "AD lookup failure. This may be because the domain cannot be resolved for the SQL Server service account ($ServiceAccount). $($_.Exception.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
        }
        if ($Result.Count -gt 0) {
            try {
                $adentry = $Result.GetUnderlyingObject()
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Service account ($ServiceAccount) has been found, but you don't have enough permission to inspect its properties $($_.Exception.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
            }
        } else {
            Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Service account ($ServiceAccount) has not been found" -EnableException $EnableException -Target $ServiceAccount
        }

        # Cool! Remove an SPN
        $delegate = $true
        $spnadobject = $adentry.Properties['servicePrincipalName']

        if ($spnadobject -notcontains $spn) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "SPN $SPN not found"
            $status = "SPN not found"
            $set = $false
        }

        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$spn", "Removing SPN for service account")) {
            try {
                if ($spnadobject -contains $spn) {
                    $null = $spnadobject.Remove($spn)
                    $adentry.CommitChanges()
                    Write-Message -Message "Remove SPN $spn for $serviceaccount" -Level Verbose
                    $set = $false
                    $status = "Successfully removed SPN"
                }
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Message "Could not remove SPN. $($_.Exception.Message)" -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException.ToBool() -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccountWrite
                $set = $true
                $status = "Failed to remove SPN"
                $delegate = $false
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                Name           = $spn
                ServiceAccount = $ServiceAccount
                Property       = "servicePrincipalName"
                IsSet          = $set
                Notes          = $status
            }
        }
        # if we removed the SPN, we should clean up also the delegation
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$spn", "Removing delegation for service account for SPN")) {
            # if we didn't remove the SPN we shouldn't do anything
            if ($delegate) {
                # even if we removed the SPN, delegation could have been not set at all. We should not raise an error
                if ($adentry.Properties['msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo'] -notcontains $spn) {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        Name           = $spn
                        ServiceAccount = $ServiceAccount
                        Property       = "msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo"
                        IsSet          = $false
                        Notes          = "Delegation not found"
                    }
                } else {
                    # we indeed need the cleanup
                    try {
                        $null = $adentry.Properties['msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo'].Remove($spn)
                        $adentry.CommitChanges()
                        Write-Message -Message "Removed kerberos delegation $spn for $ServiceAccount" -Level Verbose
                        $set = $false
                        $status = "Successfully removed delegation"
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Message "Could not remove delegation. $($_.Exception.Message)" -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException.ToBool() -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
                        $set = $true
                        $status = "Failed to remove delegation"
                    }

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        Name           = $spn
                        ServiceAccount = $ServiceAccount
                        Property       = "msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo"
                        IsSet          = $set
                        Notes          = $status
                    }
                }
            }

        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaTrace {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Stops and closes the specified trace and deletes its definition from the server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Stops and closes the specified trace and deletes its definition from the server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Id
        A list of trace ids.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Internal parameter for piping.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Trace
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008

        Stops and removes all traces on sql2008

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008 -Id 1

        Stops and removes all trace with ID 1 on sql2008

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008 | Out-GridView -PassThru | Remove-DbaTrace

        Stops and removes selected traces on sql2008

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$Id,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject -and $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Id $Id
        }

        foreach ($trace in $InputObject) {
            if (-not $trace.id -and -not $trace.Parent) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Input is of the wrong type. Use Get-DbaTrace." -Continue
                return
            }

            $server = $trace.Parent
            $traceid = $trace.id
            $default = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $server -Default

            if ($default.id -eq $traceid) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The default trace on $server cannot be stopped. Use Set-DbaSpConfigure to turn it off." -Continue
            }

            $stopsql = "sp_trace_setstatus $traceid, 0"
            $removesql = "sp_trace_setstatus $traceid, 2"

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($traceid, "Removing the trace flag")) {
                try {
                    $server.Query($stopsql)
                    if (Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $server -Id $traceid) {
                        $server.Query($removesql)
                    }
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Id           = $traceid
                        Status       = "Stopped, closed and deleted"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                    return
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaXESession {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes Extended Events sessions.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This script removes Extended Events sessions on a SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Session
        Specifies a list of Extended Events sessions to remove.

    .PARAMETER AllSessions
        If this switch is enabled, all Extended Events sessions will be removed except the packaged sessions AlwaysOn_health, system_health, telemetry_xevents.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts a collection of XEsession objects as output by Get-DbaXESession.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaXESession

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2012 -AllSessions

        Removes all Extended Event Session on the sqlserver2014 instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Remove-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2012 -Session xesession1,xesession2

        Removes the xesession1 and xesession2 Extended Event sessions.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 | Remove-DbaXESession -Confirm:$false

        Removes all sessions from sql2017, bypassing prompts.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2012 -Session xesession1 | Remove-DbaXESession

        Removes the sessions returned from the Get-DbaXESession function.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Session', SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "", Justification = "Internal functions are ignored")]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [Alias("Sessions")]
        [object[]]$Session,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [switch]$AllSessions,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'Object')]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Remove each XESession
        function Remove-XESessions {
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param ([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$xeSessions)

            foreach ($xe in $xeSessions) {
                $instance = $xe.Parent.Name
                $session = $xe.Name

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$instance", "Removing XEvent Session $session")) {
                    try {
                        $xe.Drop()
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $xe.Parent.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $xe.Parent.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $xe.Parent.DomainInstanceName
                            Session      = $session
                            Status       = "Removed"
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove XEvent Session on $instance" -Target $session -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if ($InputObject) {
            # avoid the collection issue
            $sessions = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $InputObject.Parent -Session $InputObject.Name
            foreach ($item in $sessions) {
                Remove-XESessions $item
            }
        } else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                $xeSessions = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

                # Filter xeSessions based on parameters
                if ($Session) {
                    $xeSessions = $xeSessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Session }
                } elseif ($AllSessions) {
                    $systemSessions = @('AlwaysOn_health', 'system_health', 'telemetry_xevents')
                    $xeSessions = $xeSessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $systemSessions }
                }

                Remove-XESessions $xeSessions
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Remove-DbaXESmartTarget {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes XESmartTarget PowerShell jobs.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes XESmartTarget PowerShell jobs.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Specifies one or more XESmartTarget job objects as output by Get-DbaXESmartTarget.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl) | SmartTarget by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Remove-DbaXESmartTarget

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESmartTarget | Remove-DbaXESmartTarget

        Removes all XESmartTarget jobs.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESmartTarget | Where-Object Id -eq 2 | Remove-DbaXESmartTarget

        Removes a specific XESmartTarget job.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("localhost", "Removing job $id")) {
            try {
                $id = $InputObject.Id
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Removing job $id, this may take a couple minutes."
                Get-Job -ID $InputObject.Id | Remove-Job -Force
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Successfully removed $id."
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
}
function Rename-DbaDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Changes database name, logical file names, file group names and physical file names (optionally handling the move). BETA VERSION.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Can change every database metadata that can be renamed.
        The ultimate goal is choosing to have a default template to enforce in your environment
        so your naming convention for every bit can be put in place in no time.
        The process is as follows (it follows the hierarchy of the entities):
        - database name is changed (optionally, forcing users out)
        - filegroup name(s) are changed accordingly
        - logical name(s) are changed accordingly
        - physical file(s) are changed accordingly
        - if Move is specified, the database will be taken offline and the move will initiate, then it will be taken online
        - if Move is not specified, the database remains online (unless SetOffline), and you are in charge of moving files
        If any of the above fails, the process stops.
        Please take a backup of your databases BEFORE using this, and remember to backup AFTER (also a FULL backup of master)

        It returns an object for each database with all the renames done, plus hidden properties showing a "human" representation of them.

        It's better you store the resulting object in a variable so you can inspect it in case of issues, e.g. "$result = Rename-DbaDatabase ....."

        To get a grasp without worrying of what would happen under the hood, use "Rename-DbaDatabase .... -Preview | Select-Object *"

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Target any number of instances, in order to return their build state.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        When connecting to an instance, use the credentials specified.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Targets only specified databases

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Excludes only specified databases

    .PARAMETER AllDatabases
        If you want to apply the naming convention system wide, you need to pass this parameter

    .PARAMETER DatabaseName
        Pass a template to rename the database name. Valid placeholders are:
        - <DBN> current database name
        - <DATE> date (yyyyMMdd)

    .PARAMETER FileGroupName
        Pass a template to rename file group name. Valid placeholders are:
        - <FGN> current filegroup name
        - <DBN> current database name
        - <DATE> date (yyyyMMdd)
        If distinct names cannot be generated, a counter will be appended (0001, 0002, 0003, etc)

    .PARAMETER LogicalName
        Pass a template to rename logical name. Valid placeholders are:
        - <FT> file type (ROWS, LOG)
        - <LGN> current logical name
        - <FGN> current filegroup name
        - <DBN> current database name
        - <DATE> date (yyyyMMdd)
        If distinct names cannot be generated, a counter will be appended (0001, 0002, 0003, etc)

    .PARAMETER FileName
        Pass a template to rename file name. Valid placeholders are:
        - <FNN> current file name (the basename, without directory nor extension)
        - <FT> file type (ROWS, LOG, MMO, FS)
        - <LGN> current logical name
        - <FGN> current filegroup name
        - <DBN> current database name
        - <DATE> date (yyyyMMdd)
        If distinct names cannot be generated, a counter will be appended (0001, 0002, 0003, etc)

    .PARAMETER ReplaceBefore
        If you pass this switch, all upper level "current names" will be inspected and replaced BEFORE doing the
        rename according to the template in the current level (remember the hierarchy):
        Let's say you have a database named "dbatools_HR", composed by 3 files
        - dbatools_HR_Data.mdf
        - dbatools_HR_Index.ndf
        - dbatools_HR_log.ldf
        Rename-DbaDatabase .... -Database "dbatools_HR" -DatabaseName "dbatools_HRARCHIVE" -FileName '<DBN><FNN>'
        would end up with this logic:
        - database --> no placeholders specified
        - dbatools_HR to dbatools_HRARCHIVE
        - filenames placeholders specified
        <DBN><FNN> --> current database name + current filename"
        - dbatools_HR_Data.mdf to dbatools_HRARCHIVEdbatools_HR_Data.mdf
        - dbatools_HR_Index.mdf to dbatools_HRARCHIVEdbatools_HR_Data.mdf
        - dbatools_HR_log.ldf to dbatools_HRARCHIVEdbatools_HR_log.ldf
        Passing this switch, instead, e.g.
        Rename-DbaDatabase .... -Database "dbatools_HR" -DatabaseName "dbatools_HRARCHIVE" -FileName '<DBN><FNN>' -ReplaceBefore
        end up with this logic instead:
        - database --> no placeholders specified
        - dbatools_HR to dbatools_HRARCHIVE
        - filenames placeholders specified,
        <DBN><FNN>, plus -ReplaceBefore --> current database name + replace OLD "upper level" names inside the current filename
        - dbatools_HR_Data.mdf to dbatools_HRARCHIVE_Data.mdf
        - dbatools_HR_Index.mdf to dbatools_HRARCHIVE_Data.mdf
        - dbatools_HR_log.ldf to dbatools_HRARCHIVE_log.ldf

    .PARAMETER Force
        Kills any open session to be able to do renames.

    .PARAMETER SetOffline
        Kills any open session and sets the database offline to be able to move files

    .PARAMETER Move
        If you want this function to move files, else you're the one in charge of it.
        This enables the same functionality as SetOffline, killing open transactions and putting the database
        offline, then do the actual rename and setting it online again afterwards

    .PARAMETER Preview
        Shows the renames without performing any operation (recommended to find your way around this function parameters ;-) )

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts piped database objects

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Rename
        Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphold)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Rename-DbaDatabase

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName HR2 -Preview | select *

        Shows the detailed result set you'll get renaming the HR database to HR2 without doing anything

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName HR2

        Renames the HR database to HR2

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR | Rename-DbaDatabase -DatabaseName HR2

        Same as before, but with a piped database (renames the HR database to HR2)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>"

        Renames the HR database to dbatools_HR

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>_<DATE>"

        Renames the HR database to dbatools_HR_20170807 (if today is 07th Aug 2017)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -FileGroupName "dbatools_<FGN>"

        Renames every FileGroup within HR to "dbatools_[the original FileGroup name]"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>" -FileGroupName "<DBN>_<FGN>"

        Renames the HR database to "dbatools_HR", then renames every FileGroup within to "dbatools_HR_[the original FileGroup name]"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -FileGroupName "dbatools_<DBN>_<FGN>"
        PS C:\> Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>"

        Renames the HR database to "dbatools_HR", then renames every FileGroup within to "dbatools_HR_[the original FileGroup name]"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>" -FileName "<DBN>_<FGN>_<FNN>"

        Renames the HR database to "dbatools_HR" and then all filenames as "dbatools_HR_[Name of the FileGroup]_[original_filename]"
        The db stays online (watch out!). You can then proceed manually to move/copy files by hand, set the db offline and then online again to finish the rename process

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>" -FileName "<DBN>_<FGN>_<FNN>" -SetOffline

        Renames the HR database to "dbatools_HR" and then all filenames as "dbatools_HR_[Name of the FileGroup]_[original_filename]"
        The db is then set offline (watch out!). You can then proceed manually to move/copy files by hand and then set it online again to finish the rename process

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -DatabaseName "dbatools_<DBN>" -FileName "<DBN>_<FGN>_<FNN>" -Move

        Renames the HR database to "dbatools_HR" and then all filenames as "dbatools_HR_[Name of the FileGroup]_[original_filename]"
        The db is then set offline (watch out!). The function tries to do a simple rename and then sets the db online again to finish the rename process

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Server")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Server")]
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [string]$DatabaseName,
        [string]$FileGroupName,
        [string]$LogicalName,
        [string]$FileName,
        [switch]$ReplaceBefore,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$Move,
        [switch]$SetOffline,
        [switch]$Preview,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Pipe")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $CurrentDate = Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd'

        function Get-DbaNameStructure($database) {
            $obj = @()
            # db name
            $obj += "- Database : $database"
            # FileGroups
            foreach ($fg in $database.FileGroups) {
                $obj += "  - FileGroup: $($fg.Name)"
                # LogicalNames
                foreach ($ln in $fg.Files) {
                    $obj += "    - Logical: $($ln.Name)"
                    $obj += "      - FileName: $($ln.FileName)"
                }
            }
            $obj += "  - Logfiles"
            foreach ($log in $database.LogFiles) {
                $obj += "    - Logical: $($log.Name)"
                $obj += "      - FileName: $($log.FileName)"
            }
            return $obj -Join "`n"
        }


        function Get-DbaKeyByValue($hashtable, $Value) {
            ($hashtable.GetEnumerator() | Where-Object Value -eq $Value).Name
        }

        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SetOffline) -and (-not(Test-Bound -ParameterName FileName))) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "-SetOffline is only useful when -FileName is passed. Quitting."
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        if (!$Database -and !$AllDatabases -and !$InputObject -and !$ExcludeDatabase) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -AllDatabases or -Database/ExcludeDatabase to continue"
            return
        }
        if (!$DatabaseName -and !$FileGroupName -and !$LogicalName -and !$FileName) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify at least one of -DatabaseName,-FileGroupName,-LogicalName or -Filename to continue"
            return
        }
        $dbs = @()
        if ($InputObject) {
            if ($InputObject.Name) {
                # comes from Get-DbaDatabase
                $dbs += $InputObject
            }
        } else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlCredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                $all_dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible
                $dbs += $all_dbs | Where-Object { @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution') -notcontains $_.Name }
                if ($Database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
                }
                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name }
                }
            }
        }

        # holds all dbs per instance to avoid naming clashes
        $InstanceDbs = @{}

        # holds all db file enumerations (used for -Move only)
        $InstanceFiles = @{}

        #region db loop
        foreach ($db in $dbs) {
            # used to stop futher operations on database
            $failed = $false

            # pending renames initialized at db level
            $Pending_Renames = @()

            $Entities_Before = @{}

            $server = $db.Parent
            if ($db.Name -in @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution')) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $($db.Name) is a system one, skipping..."
                continue
            }
            if (!$db.IsAccessible) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $($db.Name) is not accessible, skipping..."
                continue
            }
            if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled -eq $true -or $db.AvailabilityGroupName.Length -gt 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $($db.Name) is either mirrored or in an AG, skipping..."
                continue
            }
            $Server_Id = $server.DomainInstanceName
            if ( !$InstanceDbs.ContainsKey($Server_Id) ) {
                $InstanceDbs[$Server_Id] = @{}
                foreach ($dn in $server.Databases.Name) {
                    $InstanceDbs[$Server_Id][$dn] = 1
                }
            }

            $Entities_Before['DBN'] = @{}
            $Entities_Before['FGN'] = @{}
            $Entities_Before['LGN'] = @{}
            $Entities_Before['FNN'] = @{}
            $Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name] = $db.Name
            #region databasename
            if ($DatabaseName) {
                $Orig_DBName = $db.Name
                # fixed replacements
                $NewDBName = $DatabaseName.Replace('<DBN>', $Orig_DBName).Replace('<DATE>', $CurrentDate)
                if ($Orig_DBName -eq $NewDBName) {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database name unchanged, skipping"
                } else {
                    if ($InstanceDbs[$Server_Id].ContainsKey($NewDBName)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $NewDBName exists already, skipping this rename"
                        $failed = $true
                    } else {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Renaming Database $db to $NewDBName")) {
                            if ($Force) {
                                $server.KillAllProcesses($Orig_DBName)
                            }
                            try {
                                if (!$Preview) {
                                    $db.Rename($NewDBName)
                                }
                                $InstanceDbs[$Server_Id].Remove($Orig_DBName)
                                $InstanceDbs[$Server_Id][$NewDBName] = 1
                                $Entities_Before['DBN'][$Orig_DBName] = $NewDBName
                                #$db.Refresh()
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to rename Database : $($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.DomainInstanceName -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                # stop any further renames
                                $failed = $true
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            #endregion databasename
            #region filegroupname
            if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                #backfill PRIMARY
                $Entities_Before['FGN']['PRIMARY'] = 'PRIMARY'
                foreach ($fg in $db.FileGroups.Name) {
                    $Entities_Before['FGN'][$fg] = $fg
                }
            }

            if (!$failed -and $FileGroupName) {
                $Editable_FGs = $db.FileGroups | Where-Object Name -ne 'PRIMARY'
                $New_FGNames = @{}
                foreach ($fg in $db.FileGroups.Name) {
                    $New_FGNames[$fg] = 1
                }
                $FGCounter = 0
                foreach ($fg in $Editable_FGs) {
                    $Orig_FGName = $fg.Name
                    $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_FGName
                    if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                        # at Filegroup level, we need to worry about database name
                        $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_Placeholder.Replace($Entities_Before['DBN'][$Orig_DBName], '')
                    }
                    $NewFGName = $FileGroupName.Replace('<DBN>', $Entities_Before['DBN'][$db.Name]).Replace('<DATE>', $CurrentDate).Replace('<FGN>', $Orig_Placeholder)
                    $FinalFGName = $NewFGName
                    while ($fg.Name -ne $FinalFGName) {
                        if ($FinalFGName -in $New_FGNames.Keys) {
                            $FGCounter += 1
                            $FinalFGName = "$NewFGName$($FGCounter.ToString('000'))"
                        } else {
                            break
                        }
                    }
                    if ($fg.Name -eq $FinalFGName) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No rename necessary for FileGroup $($fg.Name) (on $db)"
                        continue
                    }
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Renaming FileGroup $($fg.Name) to $FinalFGName")) {
                        try {
                            if (!$Preview) {
                                $fg.Rename($FinalFGName)
                            }
                            $New_FGNames.Remove($Orig_FGName)
                            $New_FGNames[$FinalFGName] = 1
                            $Entities_Before['FGN'][$Orig_FGName] = $FinalFGName
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to rename FileGroup : $($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.DomainInstanceName -OverrideExceptionMessage
                            # stop any further renames
                            $failed = $true
                            break
                        }
                    }
                }
                #$db.FileGroups.Refresh()
            }

            #endregion filegroupname
            #region logicalname
            if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                foreach ($fn in $db.FileGroups.Files.Name) {
                    $Entities_Before['LGN'][$fn] = $fn
                }
                foreach ($fn in $db.Logfiles.Name) {
                    $Entities_Before['LGN'][$fn] = $fn
                }
            }
            if (!$failed -and $LogicalName) {
                $New_LogicalNames = @{}
                foreach ($fn in $db.FileGroups.Files.Name) {
                    $New_LogicalNames[$fn] = 1
                }
                foreach ($fn in $db.Logfiles.Name) {
                    $New_LogicalNames[$fn] = 1
                }
                $LNCounter = 0
                foreach ($fg in $db.FileGroups) {
                    $logicalfiles = @($fg.Files)
                    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $logicalfiles.Count; $i++) {
                        $logical = $logicalfiles[$i]
                        $FileType = switch ($fg.FileGroupType) {
                            'RowsFileGroup' { 'ROWS' }
                            'MemoryOptimizedDataFileGroup' { 'MMO' }
                            'FileStreamDataFileGroup' { 'FS' }
                            default { 'STD' }
                        }
                        $Orig_LGName = $logical.Name
                        $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_LGName
                        if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                            # at Logical Name level, we need to worry about database name and filegroup name
                            $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_Placeholder.Replace((Get-DbaKeyByValue -HashTable $Entities_Before['DBN'] -Value $db.Name), '').Replace(
                                (Get-DbaKeyByValue -HashTable $Entities_Before['FGN'] -Value $fg.Name), '')
                        }
                        $NewLGName = $LogicalName.Replace('<DBN>', $db.Name).Replace('<DATE>', $CurrentDate).Replace('<FGN>', $fg.Name).Replace(
                            '<FT>', $FileType).Replace('<LGN>', $Orig_Placeholder)
                        $FinalLGName = $NewLGName
                        while ($logical.Name -ne $FinalLGName) {
                            if ($FinalLGName -in $New_LogicalNames.Keys) {
                                $LNCounter += 1
                                $FinalLGName = "$NewLGName$($LNCounter.ToString('000'))"
                            } else {
                                break
                            }
                        }
                        if ($logical.Name -eq $FinalLGName) {
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No rename necessary for LogicalFile $($logical.Name) (on FileGroup $($fg.Name) (on $db))"
                            continue
                        }
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Renaming LogicalFile $($logical.Name) to $FinalLGName (on FileGroup $($fg.Name))")) {
                            try {
                                if (!$Preview) {
                                    $logical.Rename($FinalLGName)
                                }
                                $New_LogicalNames.Remove($Orig_LGName)
                                $New_LogicalNames[$FinalLGName] = 1
                                $Entities_Before['LGN'][$Orig_LGName] = $FinalLGName
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to Rename Logical File : $($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.DomainInstanceName -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                # stop any further renames
                                $failed = $true
                                break
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                #$fg.Files.Refresh()
                if (!$failed) {
                    $logfiles = @($db.LogFiles)
                    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $logfiles.Count; $i++) {
                        $logicallog = $logfiles[$i]
                        $Orig_LGName = $logicallog.Name
                        $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_LGName
                        if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                            # at Logical Name level, we need to worry about database name and filegroup name, but for logfiles filegroup is not there
                            $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_Placeholder.Replace((Get-DbaKeyByValue -HashTable $Entities_Before['DBN'] -Value $db.Name), '').Replace(
                                (Get-DbaKeyByValue -HashTable $Entities_Before['FGN'] -Value $fg.Name), '')
                        }
                        $NewLGName = $LogicalName.Replace('<DBN>', $db.Name).Replace('<DATE>', $CurrentDate).Replace('<FGN>', '').Replace(
                            '<FT>', 'LOG').Replace('<LGN>', $Orig_Placeholder)
                        $FinalLGName = $NewLGName
                        if ($FinalLGName.Length -eq 0) {
                            #someone passed in -LogicalName '<FGN>'.... but we don't have FGN here
                            $FinalLGName = $Orig_LGName
                        }
                        while ($logicallog.Name -ne $FinalLGName) {
                            if ($FinalLGName -in $New_LogicalNames.Keys) {
                                $LNCounter += 1
                                $FinalLGName = "$NewLGName$($LNCounter.ToString('000'))"
                            } else {
                                break
                            }
                        }
                        if ($logicallog.Name -eq $FinalLGName) {
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No Rename necessary for LogicalFile log $($logicallog.Name) (LOG on (on $db))"
                            continue
                        }
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Renaming LogicalFile log $($logicallog.Name) to $FinalLGName (LOG)")) {
                            try {
                                if (!$Preview) {
                                    $logicallog.Rename($FinalLGName)
                                }
                                $New_LogicalNames.Remove($Orig_LGName)
                                $New_LogicalNames[$FinalLGName] = 1
                                $Entities_Before['LGN'][$Orig_LGName] = $FinalLGName
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to Rename Logical File : $($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.DomainInstanceName -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                # stop any further renames
                                $failed = $true
                                break
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    #$db.Logfiles.Refresh()
                }
            }
            #endregion logicalname
            #region filename
            if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                foreach ($fn in $db.FileGroups.Files.FileName) {
                    $Entities_Before['FNN'][$fn] = $fn
                }
                foreach ($fn in $db.Logfiles.FileName) {
                    $Entities_Before['FNN'][$fn] = $fn
                }
            }
            if (!$failed -and $FileName) {

                $New_FileNames = @{}
                foreach ($fn in $db.FileGroups.Files.FileName) {
                    $New_FileNames[$fn] = 1
                }
                foreach ($fn in $db.Logfiles.FileName) {
                    $New_FileNames[$fn] = 1
                }
                # we need to inspect what files are in the same directory
                # to avoid failing the process because the move won't work
                # here we have a dict keyed by instance and then keyed by path
                if ( !$InstanceFiles.ContainsKey($Server_Id) ) {
                    $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id] = @{}
                }
                foreach ($fn in $New_FileNames.Keys) {
                    $dirname = [IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($fn)
                    if ( !$InstanceFiles[$Server_Id].ContainsKey($dirname) ) {
                        $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$dirname] = @{}
                        try {
                            $dirfiles = Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance $server -Path $dirname -EnableException
                        } catch {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to enumerate existing files at $dirname, move could go wrong"
                        }
                        foreach ($f in $dirfiles) {
                            $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$dirname][$f.Filename] = 1
                        }
                    }
                }
                $FNCounter = 0
                foreach ($fg in $db.FileGroups) {
                    $FG_Files = @($fg.Files)
                    foreach ($logical in $FG_Files) {
                        $FileType = switch ($fg.FileGroupType) {
                            'RowsFileGroup' { 'ROWS' }
                            'MemoryOptimizedDataFileGroup' { 'MMO' }
                            'FileStreamDataFileGroup' { 'FS' }
                            default { 'STD' }
                        }
                        $FNName = $logical.FileName
                        $FNNameDir = [IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($FNName)
                        $Orig_FNNameLeaf = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($logical.FileName)
                        $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_FNNameLeaf
                        if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                            # at Filename level, we need to worry about database name, filegroup name and logical file name
                            $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_Placeholder.Replace((Get-DbaKeyByValue -HashTable $Entities_Before['DBN'] -Value $db.Name), '').Replace(
                                (Get-DbaKeyByValue -HashTable $Entities_Before['FGN'] -Value $fg.Name), '').Replace(
                                (Get-DbaKeyByValue -HashTable $Entities_Before['LGN'] -Value $logical.Name), '')
                        }
                        $NewFNName = $FileName.Replace('<DBN>', $db.Name).Replace('<DATE>', $CurrentDate).Replace('<FGN>', $fg.Name).Replace(
                            '<FT>', $FileType).Replace('<LGN>', $logical.Name).Replace('<FNN>', $Orig_Placeholder)
                        $FinalFNName = [IO.Path]::Combine($FNNameDir, "$NewFNName$([IO.Path]::GetExtension($FNName))")

                        while ($logical.FileName -ne $FinalFNName) {
                            if ($InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$FNNameDir].ContainsKey($FinalFNName)) {
                                $FNCounter += 1
                                $FinalFNName = [IO.Path]::Combine($FNNameDir, "$NewFNName$($FNCounter.ToString('000'))$([IO.Path]::GetExtension($FNName))"
                                )
                            } else {
                                break
                            }
                        }
                        if ($logical.FileName -eq $FinalFNName) {
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No rename necessary (on FileGroup $($fg.Name) (on $db))"
                            continue
                        }
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Renaming FileName $($logical.FileName) to $FinalFNName (on FileGroup $($fg.Name))")) {
                            try {
                                if (!$Preview) {
                                    $logical.FileName = $FinalFNName
                                    $db.Alter()
                                }
                                $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$FNNameDir].Remove($FNName)
                                $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$FNNameDir][$FinalFNName] = 1
                                $Entities_Before['FNN'][$FNName] = $FinalFNName
                                $Pending_Renames += [pscustomobject]@{
                                    Source      = $FNName
                                    Destination = $FinalFNName
                                }
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to Rename FileName : $($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.DomainInstanceName -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                # stop any further renames
                                $failed = $true
                                break
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (!$failed) {
                        $FG_Files = @($db.Logfiles)
                        foreach ($logical in $FG_Files) {
                            $FNName = $logical.FileName
                            $FNNameDir = [IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($FNName)
                            $Orig_FNNameLeaf = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($logical.FileName)
                            $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_FNNameLeaf
                            if ($ReplaceBefore) {
                                # at Filename level, we need to worry about database name, filegroup name and logical file name
                                $Orig_Placeholder = $Orig_Placeholder.Replace((Get-DbaKeyByValue -HashTable $Entities_Before['DBN'] -Value $db.Name), '').Replace(
                                    (Get-DbaKeyByValue -HashTable $Entities_Before['FGN'] -Value $fg.Name), '').Replace(
                                    (Get-DbaKeyByValue -HashTable $Entities_Before['LGN'] -Value $logical.Name), '')
                            }
                            $NewFNName = $FileName.Replace('<DBN>', $db.Name).Replace('<DATE>', $CurrentDate).Replace('<FGN>', '').Replace(
                                '<FT>', 'LOG').Replace('<LGN>', $logical.Name).Replace('<FNN>', $Orig_Placeholder)
                            $FinalFNName = [IO.Path]::Combine($FNNameDir, "$NewFNName$([IO.Path]::GetExtension($FNName))")
                            while ($logical.FileName -ne $FinalFNName) {
                                if ($InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$FNNameDir].ContainsKey($FinalFNName)) {
                                    $FNCounter += 1
                                    $FinalFNName = [IO.Path]::Combine($FNNameDir, "$NewFNName$($FNCounter.ToString('000'))$([IO.Path]::GetExtension($FNName))")
                                } else {
                                    break
                                }
                            }
                            if ($logical.FileName -eq $FinalFNName) {
                                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No rename necessary for $($logical.FileName) (LOG on (on $db))"
                                continue
                            }

                            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Renaming FileName $($logical.FileName) to $FinalFNName (LOG)")) {
                                try {
                                    if (!$Preview) {
                                        $logical.FileName = $FinalFNName
                                        $db.Alter()
                                    }
                                    $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$FNNameDir].Remove($FNName)
                                    $InstanceFiles[$Server_Id][$FNNameDir][$FinalFNName] = 1
                                    $Entities_Before['FNN'][$FNName] = $FinalFNName
                                    $Pending_Renames += [pscustomobject]@{
                                        Source      = $FNName
                                        Destination = $FinalFNName
                                    }
                                } catch {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to Rename FileName : $($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server.DomainInstanceName -OverrideExceptionMessage
                                    # stop any further renames
                                    $failed = $true
                                    break
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                }
                #endregion filename
                #region move
                $ComputerName = $null
                $Final_Renames = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
                if ([DbaValidate]::IsLocalhost($server.ComputerName)) {
                    # locally ran so we can just use rename-item
                    $ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                } else {
                    # let's start checking if we can access .ComputerName
                    $testPS = $false
                    if ($SqlCredential) {
                        # why does Test-PSRemoting require a Credential param ? this is ugly...
                        $testPS = Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $server.ComputerName -Credential $SqlCredential -ErrorAction Stop
                    } else {
                        $testPS = Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $server.ComputerName -ErrorAction Stop
                    }
                    if (!($testPS)) {
                        # let's try to resolve it to a more qualified name, without "cutting" knowledge about the domain (only $server.Name possibly holds the complete info)
                        $Resolved = (Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $server.Name).FullComputerName
                        if ($SqlCredential) {
                            $testPS = Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $Resolved -Credential $SqlCredential -ErrorAction Stop
                        } else {
                            $testPS = Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $Resolved -ErrorAction Stop
                        }
                        if ($testPS) {
                            $ComputerName = $Resolved
                        }
                    } else {
                        $ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    }
                }
                foreach ($op in $pending_renames) {
                    if ([DbaValidate]::IsLocalhost($server.ComputerName)) {
                        $null = $Final_Renames.Add([pscustomobject]@{
                                Source       = $op.Source
                                Destination  = $op.Destination
                                ComputerName = $ComputerName
                            })
                    } else {
                        if ($null -eq $ComputerName) {
                            # if we don't have remote access ($ComputerName is null) we can fallback to admin shares if they're available
                            if (Test-Path (Join-AdminUnc -ServerName $server.ComputerName -filepath $op.Source)) {
                                $null = $Final_Renames.Add([pscustomobject]@{
                                        Source       = Join-AdminUnc -ServerName $server.ComputerName -filepath $op.Source
                                        Destination  = Join-AdminUnc -ServerName $server.ComputerName -filepath $op.Destination
                                        ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                                    })
                            } else {
                                # flag the impossible rename ($ComputerName is $null)
                                $null = $Final_Renames.Add([pscustomobject]@{
                                        Source       = $op.Source
                                        Destination  = $op.Destination
                                        ComputerName = $ComputerName
                                    })
                            }
                        } else {
                            # we can do renames in a remote pssession
                            $null = $Final_Renames.Add([pscustomobject]@{
                                    Source       = $op.Source
                                    Destination  = $op.Destination
                                    ComputerName = $ComputerName
                                })
                        }
                    }
                }
                $Status = 'FULL'
                if (!$failed -and ($SetOffline -or $Move) -and $Final_Renames) {
                    if (!$Move) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting the database offline. You are in charge of moving the files to the new location"
                        # because renames still need to be dealt with
                        $Status = 'PARTIAL'
                    } else {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "File Rename required, setting db offline")) {
                            $SetState = Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -Offline -Force
                            if ($SetState.Status -ne 'OFFLINE') {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Setting db offline failed, You are in charge of moving the files to the new location"
                                # because it was impossible to set the database offline
                                $Status = 'PARTIAL'
                            } else {
                                try {
                                    while ($Final_Renames.Count -gt 0) {
                                        $op = $Final_Renames.Item(0)
                                        if ($null -eq $op.ComputerName) {
                                            Stop-Function -Message "No access to physical files for renames"
                                        } else {
                                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Moving file $($op.Source) to $($op.Destination)"
                                            if (!$Preview) {
                                                $scriptblock = {
                                                    $op = $args[0]
                                                    Rename-Item -Path $op.Source -NewName $op.Destination
                                                }
                                                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $op.ComputerName -Credential $sqlCredential -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $op
                                            }
                                        }
                                        $null = $Final_Renames.RemoveAt(0)
                                    }
                                } catch {
                                    $failed = $true
                                    # because a rename operation failed
                                    $Status = 'PARTIAL'
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to rename $($op.Source) to $($op.Destination), you are in charge of moving the files to the new location" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Exception $_.Exception -Continue
                                }
                                if (!$failed) {
                                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Setting database online")) {
                                        $SetState = Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -Online -Force
                                        if ($SetState.Status -ne 'ONLINE') {
                                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Setting db online failed"
                                            # because renames were done, but the database didn't wake up
                                            $Status = 'PARTIAL'
                                        } else {
                                            $Status = 'FULL'
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    # because of a previous error with renames to do
                    $Status = 'PARTIAL'
                }
            } else {
                if (!$failed) {
                    # because no previous error and not filename
                    $Status = 'FULL'
                } else {
                    # because previous errors and not filename
                    $Status = 'PARTIAL'
                }
            }
            #endregion move
            # remove entities that match for the output
            foreach ($k in $Entities_Before.Keys) {
                $ToRemove = $Entities_Before[$k].GetEnumerator() | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $_.Value } | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
                foreach ($el in $ToRemove) {
                    $Entities_Before[$k].Remove($el)
                }
            }
            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName       = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Database           = $db
                DBN                = $Entities_Before['DBN']
                DatabaseRenames    = ($Entities_Before['DBN'].GetEnumerator() | Foreach-Object { "$($_.Name) --> $($_.Value)" }) -Join "`n"
                FGN                = $Entities_Before['FGN']
                FileGroupsRenames  = ($Entities_Before['FGN'].GetEnumerator() | Foreach-Object { "$($_.Name) --> $($_.Value)" }) -Join "`n"
                LGN                = $Entities_Before['LGN']
                LogicalNameRenames = ($Entities_Before['LGN'].GetEnumerator() | Foreach-Object { "$($_.Name) --> $($_.Value)"  }) -Join "`n"
                FNN                = $Entities_Before['FNN']
                FileNameRenames    = ($Entities_Before['FNN'].GetEnumerator() | Foreach-Object { "$($_.Name) --> $($_.Value)"  }) -Join "`n"
                PendingRenames     = $Final_Renames
                Status             = $Status
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty DatabaseRenames, FileGroupsRenames, LogicalNameRenames, FileNameRenames
        }
        #endregion db loop
    }
}
function Rename-DbaLogin {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Rename-DbaLogin will rename login and database mapping for a specified login.

    .DESCRIPTION
        There are times where you might want to rename a login that was copied down, or if the name is not descriptive for what it does.

        It can be a pain to update all of the mappings for a specific user, this does it for you.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Source SQL Server.You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination Sql Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Login
        The current Login on the server - this list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER NewLogin
        The new Login that you wish to use. If it is a windows user login, then the SID must match.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts to confirm actions

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Login
        Author: Mitchell Hamann (@SirCaptainMitch)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Rename-DbaLogin

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\>Rename-DbaLogin -SqlInstance localhost -Login DbaToolsUser -NewLogin captain

        SQL Login Example

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\>Rename-DbaLogin -SqlInstance localhost -Login domain\oldname -NewLogin domain\newname

        Change the windowsuser login name.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\>Rename-DbaLogin -SqlInstance localhost -Login dbatoolsuser -NewLogin captain -WhatIf

        WhatIf Example

          #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Login,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$NewLogin,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $Databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible
            $currentLogin = $server.Logins[$Login]

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Changing Login name from  [$Login] to [$NewLogin]")) {
                try {
                    $dbenums = $currentLogin.EnumDatabaseMappings()
                    $currentLogin.rename($NewLogin)
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName  = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName  = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database      = $null
                        PreviousLogin = $Login
                        NewLogin      = $NewLogin
                        Status        = "Successful"
                    }
                } catch {
                    $dbenums = $null
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName  = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName  = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database      = $null
                        PreviousLogin = $Login
                        NewLogin      = $NewLogin
                        Status        = "Failure"
                    }
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $login
                }
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbenums) {
                $db = $databases[$db.DBName]
                $user = $db.Users[$Login]
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting update for $db"

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Changing database $db user $user from [$Login] to [$NewLogin]")) {
                    try {
                        $oldname = $user.name
                        $user.Rename($NewLogin)
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $db.name
                            PreviousUser = $oldname
                            NewUser      = $NewLogin
                            Status       = "Successful"
                        }

                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Rolling back update to login: $Login"
                        $currentLogin.rename($Login)

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database     = $db.name
                            PreviousUser = $NewLogin
                            NewUser      = $oldname
                            Status       = "Failure to rename. Rolled back change."
                        }
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $NewLogin
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Repair-DbaDbMirror {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Attempts to repair a suspended or paused mirroring database.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Attempts to repair a suspended mirroring database.

        Restarts the endpoints then sets the partner to resume. See this article for more info:

        http://www.sqlservercentral.com/blogs/vivekssqlnotes/2016/09/03/how-to-resume-suspended-database-mirroring-in-sql-server-/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The target database.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaDatabase.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Mirror, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Repair-DbaDbMirror

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Repair-DbaDbMirror -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database pubs

        Attempts to repair the mirrored but suspended pubs database on sql2017.
        Restarts the endpoints then sets the partner to resume. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database pubs | Repair-DbaDbMirror -Confirm:$false

        Attempts to repair the mirrored but suspended pubs database on sql2017.
        Restarts the endpoints then sets the partner to resume. Does not prompt for confirmation.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Database is required when SqlInstance is specified"
            return
        }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            try {
                Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $db.Parent | Where-Object EndpointType -eq DatabaseMirroring | Stop-DbaEndPoint
                Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $db.Parent | Where-Object EndpointType -eq DatabaseMirroring | Start-DbaEndPoint
                $db | Set-DbaDbMirror -State Resume
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "displaying output")) {
                    $db
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Repair-DbaOrphanUser {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Finds orphan users with existing login and remaps them.

    .DESCRIPTION
        An orphan user is defined by a user that does not have a matching login (Login property = "").

        If the matching login exists it must be:
        Enabled
        Not a system object
        Not locked
        Have the same name that user

        You can drop users that does not have their matching login by specifying the parameter -RemoveNotExisting.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER Users
        Specifies the list of usernames to repair.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Forces alter schema to dbo owner so users can be dropped.

    .PARAMETER RemoveNotExisting
        If this switch is enabled, all users that do not have a matching login will be dropped from the database.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Orphan
        Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva) | Simone Bizzotto (@niphlod)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Repair-DbaOrphanUser

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Repair-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sql2005

        Finds and repairs all orphan users of all databases present on server 'sql2005'

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Repair-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred

        Finds and repair all orphan users in all databases present on server 'sqlserver2014a'. SQL credentials are used to authenticate to the server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Repair-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2

        Finds and repairs all orphan users in both db1 and db2 databases.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Repair-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1 -Users OrphanUser

        Finds and repairs user 'OrphanUser' in 'db1' database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Repair-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Users OrphanUser

        Finds and repairs user 'OrphanUser' on all databases

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Repair-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -RemoveNotExisting

        Finds all orphan users of all databases present on server 'sqlserver2014a'. Removes all users that do not have  matching Logins.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$Users,
        [switch]$RemoveNotExisting,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to: $SqlInstance."
                continue
            }

            $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if ($DatabaseCollection.Count -gt 0) {
                foreach ($db in $DatabaseCollection) {
                    try {
                        #if SQL 2012 or higher only validate databases with ContainmentType = NONE
                        if ($server.versionMajor -gt 10) {
                            if ($db.ContainmentType -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ContainmentType]::None) {
                                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database '$db' is a contained database. Contained databases can't have orphaned users. Skipping validation."
                                Continue
                            }
                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Validating users on database '$db'."

                        if ($Users.Count -eq 0) {
                            #the third validation will remove from list sql users without login. The rule here is Sid with length higher than 16
                            $UsersToWork = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.Login -eq "" -and ($_.ID -gt 4) -and (($_.Sid.Length -gt 16 -and $_.LoginType -in @([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::Certificate)) -eq $false) }
                        } else {
                            #the fourth validation will remove from list sql users without login. The rule here is Sid with length higher than 16
                            $UsersToWork = $db.Users | Where-Object { $_.Login -eq "" -and ($_.ID -gt 4) -and ($Users -contains $_.Name) -and (($_.Sid.Length -gt 16 -and $_.LoginType -in @([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::SqlLogin, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginType]::Certificate)) -eq $false) }
                        }

                        if ($UsersToWork.Count -gt 0) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Orphan users found"
                            $UsersToRemove = @()
                            foreach ($User in $UsersToWork) {
                                $ExistLogin = $server.logins | Where-Object {
                                    $_.Isdisabled -eq $False -and
                                    $_.IsSystemObject -eq $False -and
                                    $_.IsLocked -eq $False -and
                                    $_.Name -eq $User.Name
                                }

                                if ($ExistLogin) {
                                    if ($server.versionMajor -gt 8) {
                                        $query = "ALTER USER " + $User + " WITH LOGIN = " + $User
                                    } else {
                                        $query = "exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one', '$User'"
                                    }

                                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Mapping user '$($User.Name)'")) {
                                        $server.Databases[$db.Name].ExecuteNonQuery($query) | Out-Null
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "User '$($User.Name)' mapped with their login."

                                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                            DatabaseName = $db.Name
                                            User         = $User.Name
                                            Status       = "Success"
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    if ($RemoveNotExisting) {
                                        #add user to collection
                                        $UsersToRemove += $User
                                    } else {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Orphan user $($User.Name) does not have matching login."
                                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                                            SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                            DatabaseName = $db.Name
                                            User         = $User.Name
                                            Status       = "No matching login"
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            #With the collection complete invoke remove.
                            if ($RemoveNotExisting) {
                                if ($Force) {
                                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Remove-DbaOrphanUser")) {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Calling 'Remove-DbaOrphanUser' with -Force."
                                        Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -User $UsersToRemove -Force
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Name, "Remove-DbaOrphanUser")) {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Calling 'Remove-DbaOrphanUser'."
                                        Remove-DbaOrphanUser -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -User $UsersToRemove
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No orphan users found on database '$db'."
                        }
                        #reset collection
                        $UsersToWork = $null
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "There are no databases to analyse."
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Repair-SqlOrphanUser
    }
}
function Repair-DbaServerName {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Renames @@SERVERNAME to match with the Windows name.

    .DESCRIPTION
        When a SQL Server's host OS is renamed, the SQL Server should be as well. This helps with Availability Groups and Kerberos.

        This command renames @@SERVERNAME to match with the Windows name. The new name is automatically determined. It does not matter if you use an alias to connect to the SQL instance.

        If the automatically determined new name matches the old name, the command will not run.

        https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/2525/steps-to-change-the-server-name-for-a-sql-server-machine/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AutoFix
        If this switch is enabled, the repair will be performed automatically.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, most confirmation prompts will be skipped.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SPN
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Repair-DbaServerName

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Repair-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sql2014

        Checks to see if the server name is updatable and changes the name with a number of prompts.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Repair-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sql2014 -AutoFix

        Checks to see if the server name is updatable and automatically performs the change. Replication or mirroring will be broken if necessary.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Repair-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sql2014 -AutoFix -Force

        Checks to see if the server name is updatable and automatically performs the change, bypassing most prompts and confirmations. Replication or mirroring will be broken if necessary.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$AutoFix,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($Force -eq $true) {
            $ConfirmPreference = "None"
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.isClustered) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$instance is a cluster. Microsoft does not support renaming clusters."
                continue
            }


            # Check to see if we can easily proceed

            $nametest = Test-DbaServerName $server -EnableException | Select-Object *
            $oldserverinstancename = $nametest.ServerName
            $SqlInstancename = $nametest.SqlInstance

            if ($nametest.RenameRequired -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Good news! $oldserverinstancename's @@SERVERNAME does not need to be changed. If you'd like to rename it, first rename the Windows server."
            }

            if (-not $nametest.updatable) {
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Test-DbaServerName reports that the rename cannot proceed with a rename in this $instance's current state."

                foreach ($nametesterror in $nametest.Blockers) {
                    if ($nametesterror -like '*replication*') {

                        if (-not $AutoFix) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Cannot proceed because some databases are involved in replication. You can run exec sp_dropdistributor @no_checks = 1 but that may be pretty dangerous. Alternatively, you can run -AutoFix to automatically fix this issue. AutoFix will also break all database mirrors."
                            return
                        } else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Prompt will appear for confirmation to break replication.")) {
                                $title = "You have chosen to AutoFix the blocker: replication."
                                $message = "We can run sp_dropdistributor which will pretty much destroy replication on this server. Do you wish to continue? (Y/N)"
                                $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Will continue"
                                $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Will exit"
                                $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                                $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 1)

                                if ($result -eq 1) {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                } else {
                                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "`nPerforming sp_dropdistributor @no_checks = 1."
                                    $sql = "sp_dropdistributor @no_checks = 1"
                                    Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                                    try {
                                        $null = $server.Query($sql)
                                    } catch {
                                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } elseif ($Error -like '*mirror*') {
                        if ($AutoFix -eq $false) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Cannot proceed because some databases are being mirrored. Stop mirroring to proceed. Alternatively, you can run -AutoFix to automatically fix this issue. AutoFix will also stop replication." -Continue
                        } else {
                            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Prompt will appear for confirmation to break replication.")) {
                                $title = "You have chosen to AutoFix the blocker: mirroring."
                                $message = "We can run sp_dropdistributor which will pretty much destroy replication on this server. Do you wish to continue? (Y/N)"
                                $yes = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&Yes", "Will continue"
                                $no = New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription "&No", "Will exit"
                                $options = [System.Management.Automation.Host.ChoiceDescription[]]($yes, $no)
                                $result = $host.ui.PromptForChoice($title, $message, $options, 1)

                                if ($result -eq 1) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Okay, moving on."
                                } else {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing Mirroring"

                                    foreach ($database in $server.Databases) {
                                        if ($database.IsMirroringEnabled) {
                                            $dbname = $database.name

                                            try {
                                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Breaking mirror for $dbname."
                                                $database.ChangeMirroringState([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MirroringOption]::Off)
                                                $database.Alter()
                                                $database.Refresh()
                                            } catch {
                                                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_
                                                return
                                                #throw "Could not break mirror for $dbname. Skipping."
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            # ^ That's embarrassing

            $instancename = $server.InstanceName

            if (-not $instancename) {
                $instancename = "MSSQLSERVER"
            }

            try {
                $allsqlservices = Get-Service -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like "SQL*$instancename*" -and $_.Status -eq "Running" }
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Can't contact $instance using Get-Service. This means the script will not be able to automatically restart SQL services."
            }

            if ($nametest.Warnings.length -gt 0) {
                $reportingservice = Get-Service -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -DisplayName "SQL Server Reporting Services ($instancename)" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                if ($reportingservice.Status -eq "Running") {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.name, "Reporting Services is running for this instance. Would you like to automatically stop this service?")) {
                        $reportingservice | Stop-Service
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must reconfigure Reporting Services using Reporting Services Configuration Manager or PowerShell once the server has been successfully renamed."
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.name, "Performing sp_dropserver to remove the old server name, $oldserverinstancename, then sp_addserver to add $SqlInstancename")) {
                $sql = "sp_dropserver '$oldserverinstancename'"
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
                try {
                    $null = $server.Query($sql)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }

                $sql = "sp_addserver '$SqlInstancename', local"
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

                try {
                    $null = $server.Query($sql)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
                $renamed = $true
            }

            if ($null -eq $allsqlservices) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Could not contact $($instance.ComputerName) using Get-Service. You must manually restart the SQL Server instance."
                $needsrestart = $true
            } else {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance.ComputerName, "Rename complete! The SQL Service must be restarted to commit the changes. Would you like to restart the $instancename instance now?")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Stopping SQL Services for the $instancename instance"
                        $allsqlservices | Stop-Service -Force -WarningAction SilentlyContinue # because it reports the wrong name
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting SQL Services for the $instancename instance."
                        $allsqlservices | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -notlike "*reporting*" } | Start-Service -WarningAction SilentlyContinue # because it reports the wrong name
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $server -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($renamed -eq $true) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$instance successfully renamed from $oldserverinstancename to $SqlInstancename."
                Test-DbaServerName -SqlInstance $server
            }

            if ($needsrestart -eq $true) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "SQL Service restart for $SqlInstancename still required."
            }
        }
    }
}
function Reset-DbaAdmin {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This function allows administrators to regain access to SQL Servers in the event that passwords or access was lost.

        Supports SQL Server 2005 and above. Windows administrator access is required.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function allows administrators to regain access to local or remote SQL Servers by either resetting the sa password, adding the sysadmin role to existing login, or adding a new login (SQL or Windows) and granting it sysadmin privileges.

        This is accomplished by stopping the SQL services or SQL Clustered Resource Group, then restarting SQL via the command-line using the /mReset-DbaAdmin parameter which starts the server in Single-User mode and only allows this script to connect.

        Once the service is restarted, the following tasks are performed:
        - Login is added if it doesn't exist
        - If login is a Windows User, an attempt is made to ensure it exists
        - If login is a SQL Login, password policy will be set to OFF when creating the login, and SQL Server authentication will be set to Mixed Mode.
        - Login will be enabled and unlocked
        - Login will be added to sysadmin role

        If failures occur at any point, a best attempt is made to restart the SQL Server.

        In order to make this script as portable as possible, System.Data.SqlClient and Get-WmiObject are used (as opposed to requiring the Failover Cluster Admin tools or SMO).

        If using this function against a remote SQL Server, ensure WinRM is configured and accessible. If this is not possible, run the script locally.

        Tested on Windows XP, 7, 8.1, Server 2012 and Windows Server Technical Preview 2.
        Tested on SQL Server 2005 SP4 through 2016 CTP2.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. SQL Server must be 2005 and above, and can be a clustered or stand-alone instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Instead of using Login and SecurePassword, you can just pass in a credential object.

    .PARAMETER Login
        By default, the Login parameter is "sa" but any other SQL or Windows account can be specified. If a login does not currently exist, it will be added.

        When adding a Windows login to remote servers, ensure the SQL Server can add the login (ie, don't add WORKSTATION\Admin to remoteserver\instance. Domain users and Groups are valid input.

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        By default, if a SQL Login is detected, you will be prompted for a password. Use this to securely bypass the prompt.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Login(s) will be dropped and recreated on Destination. Logins that own Agent jobs cannot be dropped at this time.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: WSMan
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: Admin access to server (not SQL Services),
        Remoting must be enabled and accessible if $instance is not local

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Reset-DbaAdmin

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Reset-DbaAdmin -SqlInstance sqlcluster -SqlCredential sqladmin

        Prompts for password, then resets the "sqladmin" account password on sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Reset-DbaAdmin -SqlInstance sqlserver\sqlexpress -Login ad\administrator -Confirm:$false

        Adds the domain account "ad\administrator" as a sysadmin to the SQL instance.

        If the account already exists, it will be added to the sysadmin role.

        Does not prompt for a password since it is not a SQL login. Does not prompt for confirmation since -Confirm is set to $false.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Reset-DbaAdmin -SqlInstance sqlserver\sqlexpress -Login sqladmin -Force

        Skips restart confirmation, prompts for password, then adds a SQL Login "sqladmin" with sysadmin privileges.
        If the account already exists, it will be added to the sysadmin role and the password will be reset.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingWMICmdlet", "", Justification = "Using Get-WmiObject for client backwards compatibilty")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [pscredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Login = "sa",
        [SecureString]$SecurePassword,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Reset-SqlAdmin

        #region Utility functions
        function ConvertTo-PlainText {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Internal function.
             #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [Security.SecureString]$Password
            )

            $marshal = [Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]
            $plaintext = $marshal::PtrToStringAuto($marshal::SecureStringToBSTR($Password))
            return $plaintext
        }

        function Invoke-ResetSqlCmd {
            <#
                .SYNOPSIS
                    Internal function. Executes a SQL statement against specified computer, and uses "Reset-DbaAdmin" as the Application Name.
            #>
            [OutputType([System.Boolean])]
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
                [DbaInstanceParameter]$instance,
                [string]$sql,
                [switch]$EnableException
            )
            try {
                $connstring = "Data Source=$instance;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=20;Application Name=Reset-DbaAdmin"
                $conn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection $connstring
                $conn.Open()
                $cmd = New-Object system.data.sqlclient.sqlcommand($null, $conn)
                $cmd.CommandText = $sql
                $cmd.ExecuteNonQuery() | Out-Null
                $cmd.Dispose()
                $conn.Close()
                $conn.Dispose()
                $true
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
        #endregion Utility functions
        if ($Force) {
            $ConfirmPreference = "none"
        }

        if ($SqlCredential) {
            $Login = $SqlCredential.UserName
            $SecurePassword = $SqlCredential.Password
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            $stepcounter = 0
            $baseaddress = $instance.ComputerName
            # Get hostname

            if ($baseaddress.IsLocalHost) {
                $ipaddr = "."
                $hostname = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                $baseaddress = $env:COMPUTERNAME
            }

            # If server is not local, get IP address and NetBios name in case CNAME records were referenced in the SQL hostname
            if ($baseaddress -ne $env:COMPUTERNAME) {
                # Test for WinRM #Test-WinRM neh
                winrm id -r:$baseaddress 2>$null | Out-Null
                if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) {
                    Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Remote PowerShell access not enabled on on $instance or access denied. Quitting."
                }

                # Test Connection first using Test-Connection which requires ICMP access then failback to tcp if pings are blocked
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing connection to $baseaddress"
                $testconnect = Test-Connection -ComputerName $baseaddress -Count 1 -Quiet

                if ($testconnect -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "First attempt using ICMP failed. Trying to connect using sockets. This may take up to 20 seconds."
                    $tcp = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient
                    try {
                        $tcp.Connect($hostname, 135)
                        $tcp.Close()
                        $tcp.Dispose()
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Message "Can't connect to $baseaddress either via ping or tcp (WMI port 135)"
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving IP address."
                try {
                    $hostentry = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($baseaddress)
                    $ipaddr = ($hostentry.AddressList | Where-Object {
                            $_ -notlike '169.*'
                        } | Select-Object -First 1).IPAddressToString
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Message "Could not resolve SqlServer IP or NetBIOS name"
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving NetBIOS name."
                try {
                    # this is required otherwise, the ip is returned
                    $hostname = (Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration -Filter IPEnabled=TRUE -ComputerName $ipaddr -ErrorAction Stop).PSComputerName
                    if ($null -eq $hostname) {
                        $hostname = (nbtstat -A $ipaddr | Where-Object {
                                $_ -match '\<00\>  UNIQUE'
                            } | ForEach-Object {
                                $_.SubString(4, 14)
                            }).Trim()
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Message "Could not access remote WMI object. Check permissions and firewall."
                }
            }

            # Setup remote session if server is not local
            if (-not $instance.IsLocalHost) {
                try {
                    $session = New-PSSession -ComputerName $hostname -ErrorAction Stop
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Message "Can't access $hostname using PSSession. Check your firewall settings and ensure Remoting is enabled or run the script locally."
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Detecting login type."
            # Is login a Windows login? If so, does it exist?
            if ($login -match "\\") {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Windows login detected. Checking to ensure account is valid."
                $windowslogin = $true
                try {
                    if ($hostname -eq $env:COMPUTERNAME) {
                        $account = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($args)
                        #Variable $sid marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replace with $null to catch output
                        $null = $account.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])
                    } else {
                        Invoke-Command -ErrorAction Stop -Session $session -ArgumentList $login -ScriptBlock {
                            $account = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($args)
                            #Variable $sid marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replace with $null to catch output
                            $null = $account.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Cannot resolve Windows User or Group $login. Trying anyway."
                }
            }

            # If it's not a Windows login, it's a SQL login, so it needs a password.
            if (-not $windowslogin -and -not $SecurePassword) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL login detected"
                do {
                    $Password = Read-Host -AsSecureString "Please enter a new password for $login"
                } while ($Password.Length -eq 0)
            }

            If ($SecurePassword) {
                $Password = $SecurePassword
            }

            # Get instance and service display name, then get services
            $instancename = $null
            $instancename = $instance.InstanceName
            if (-not $instancename) {
                $instancename = "MSSQLSERVER"
            }
            $displayName = "SQL Server ($instancename)"

            try {
                if ($hostname -eq $env:COMPUTERNAME) {
                    $instanceservices = Get-Service -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object {
                        $_.DisplayName -like "*($instancename)*" -and $_.Status -eq "Running"
                    }
                    $sqlservice = Get-Service -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($instancename)"
                } else {
                    $instanceservices = Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object {
                        $_.DisplayName -like "*($instancename)*" -and $_.Status -eq "Running"
                    }
                    $sqlservice = Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($instancename)"
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot connect to WMI on $hostname or SQL Service does not exist. Check permissions, firewall and SQL Server running status." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                return
            }

            if (-not $instanceservices) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't find SQL Server instance. Check the spelling, ensure the service is running and try again." -Target $instance
                return
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to stop SQL Services."

            # Check to see if service is clustered. Clusters don't support -m (since the cluster service
            # itself connects immediately) or -f, so they are handled differently.
            try {
                $checkcluster = Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object {
                    $_.Name -eq "ClusSvc" -and $_.Status -eq "Running"
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't check services." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }

            if ($null -ne $checkcluster) {
                $clusterResource = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName "MSCluster_Resource" -Namespace "root\mscluster" -ComputerName $hostname |
                    Where-Object {
                    $_.Name.StartsWith("SQL Server") -and $_.OwnerGroup -eq "SQL Server ($instancename)"
                }
            }


            if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($baseaddress, "Stop $instance to restart in single-user mode")) {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Stopping $instance to restart in single-user mode"
                # Take SQL Server offline so that it can be started in single-user mode
                if ($clusterResource.count -gt 0) {
                    $isclustered = $true
                    try {
                        $clusterResource | Where-Object {
                            $_.Name -eq "SQL Server"
                        } | ForEach-Object {
                            $_.TakeOffline(60)
                        }
                    } catch {
                        $clusterResource | Where-Object {
                            $_.Name -eq "SQL Server"
                        } | ForEach-Object {
                            $_.BringOnline(60)
                        }
                        $clusterResource | Where-Object {
                            $_.Name -ne "SQL Server"
                        } | ForEach-Object {
                            $_.BringOnline(60)
                        }
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not stop the SQL Service. Restarted SQL Service and quit." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                        return
                    }
                } else {
                    try {
                        Stop-Service -InputObject $sqlservice -Force -ErrorAction Stop
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully stopped SQL service."
                    } catch {
                        Start-Service -InputObject $instanceservices -ErrorAction Stop
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not stop the SQL Service. Restarted SQL service and quit." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                        return
                    }
                }
            }

            # /mReset-DbaAdmin Starts an instance of SQL Server in single-user mode and only allows this script to connect.
            if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($baseaddress, "Starting $instance in single-user mode")) {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Starting $instance in single-user mode"
                try {
                    if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                        $netstart = net start ""$displayname"" /mReset-DbaAdmin 2>&1
                        if ("$netstart" -notmatch "success") {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Restart failure" -Continue
                        }
                    } else {
                        $netstart = Invoke-Command -ErrorAction Stop -Session $session -ArgumentList $displayname -ScriptBlock {
                            net start ""$args"" /mReset-DbaAdmin
                        } 2>&1
                        foreach ($line in $netstart) {
                            if ($line.length -gt 0) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message $line
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Service -InputObject $sqlservice -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                    if ($isclustered) {
                        $clusterResource | Where-Object Name -eq "SQL Server" | ForEach-Object {
                            $_.BringOnline(60)
                        }
                        $clusterResource | Where-Object Name -ne "SQL Server" | ForEach-Object {
                            $_.BringOnline(60)
                        }
                    } else {
                        Start-Service -InputObject $instanceservices -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                    }
                    Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't execute net start command. Restarted services and quit." -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
            }

            if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($baseaddress, "Testing $instance to ensure it's back up")) {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Testing $instance to ensure it's back up"
                try {
                    $null = Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -instance $instance -Sql "SELECT 1" -EnableException
                } catch {
                    try {
                        Start-Sleep 3
                        $null = Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -instance $instance -Sql "SELECT 1" -EnableException
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Service Input-Object $sqlservice -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                        if ($isclustered) {
                            $clusterResource | Where-Object {
                                $_.Name -eq "SQL Server"
                            } | ForEach-Object {
                                $_.BringOnline(60)
                            }
                            $clusterResource | Where-Object {
                                $_.Name -ne "SQL Server"
                            } | ForEach-Object {
                                $_.BringOnline(60)
                            }
                        } else {
                            Start-Service -InputObject $instanceservices -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                        }
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not stop the SQL Service. Restarted SQL Service and quit." -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }

            # Get login. If it doesn't exist, create it.
            if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Adding login $login if it doesn't exist")) {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Adding login $login if it doesn't exist"
                if ($windowslogin) {
                    $sql = "IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT name FROM master.sys.server_principals WHERE name = '$login')
                    BEGIN CREATE LOGIN [$login] FROM WINDOWS END"
                    if (-not (Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -instance $instance -Sql $sql)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't create Windows login."
                    }

                } elseif ($login -ne "sa") {
                    # Create new sql user
                    $sql = "IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT name FROM master.sys.server_principals WHERE name = '$login')
                    BEGIN CREATE LOGIN [$login] WITH PASSWORD = '$(ConvertTo-PlainText $Password)', CHECK_POLICY = OFF, CHECK_EXPIRATION = OFF END"
                    if (-not (Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -instance $instance -Sql $sql)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't create SQL login."
                    }
                }
            }


            # If $login is a SQL Login, Mixed mode authentication is required.
            if ($windowslogin -ne $true) {
                if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Enabling mixed mode authentication for $login and ensuring account is unlocked")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Enabling mixed mode authentication for $login and ensuring account is unlocked"
                    $sql = "EXEC xp_instance_regwrite N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', N'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer', N'LoginMode', REG_DWORD, 2"
                    if (-not (Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -instance $instance -Sql $sql)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't set to Mixed Mode."
                    }

                    $sql = "ALTER LOGIN [$login] WITH CHECK_POLICY = OFF
                    ALTER LOGIN [$login] WITH PASSWORD = '$(ConvertTo-PlainText $Password)' UNLOCK"
                    if (-not (Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -instance $instance -Sql $sql)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't unlock account."
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Enabling $login")) {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Ensuring login is enabled"
                $sql = "ALTER LOGIN [$login] ENABLE"
                if (-not (Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -instance $instance -Sql $sql)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't enable login."
                }
            }

            if ($login -ne "sa") {
                if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Ensuring $login exists within sysadmin role")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Ensuring $login exists within sysadmin role"
                    $sql = "EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember '$login', 'sysadmin'"
                    if (-not (Invoke-ResetSqlCmd -instance $instance -Sql $sql)) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't add to sysadmin role."
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Finished with login tasks. Restarting")) {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Finished with login tasks. Restarting."
                try {
                    Stop-Service -InputObject $sqlservice -Force -ErrorAction Stop
                    if ($isclustered -eq $true) {
                        $clusterResource | Where-Object Name -eq "SQL Server" | ForEach-Object {
                            $_.BringOnline(60)
                        }
                        $clusterResource | Where-Object Name -ne "SQL Server" | ForEach-Object {
                            $_.BringOnline(60)
                        }
                    } else {
                        Start-Service -InputObject $instanceservices -ErrorAction Stop
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }

            if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Logging in to get account information")) {
                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Logging in to get account information"
                if ($securePassword) {
                    $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($Login, $securePassword)
                    Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $cred -Login $Login
                } elseif ($SqlCredential) {
                    Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Login $Login
                } else {
                    try {
                        Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Login $Login -EnableException
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Password not supplied, tried logging in with Integrated authentication and it failed. Either way, $Login should work now on $instance." -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Script complete!"
    }
}
function Resolve-DbaNetworkName {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns information about the network connection of the target computer including NetBIOS name, IP Address, domain name and fully qualified domain name (FQDN).

    .DESCRIPTION
        Retrieves the IPAddress, ComputerName from one computer.
        The object can be used to take action against its name or IPAddress.

        First ICMP is used to test the connection, and get the connected IPAddress.

        Multiple protocols (e.g. WMI, CIM, etc) are attempted before giving up.

        Important: Remember that FQDN doesn't always match "ComputerName dot Domain" as AD intends.
        There are network setup (google "disjoint domain") where AD and DNS do not match.
        "Full computer name" (as reported by sysdm.cpl) is the only match between the two,
        and it matches the "DNSHostName"  property of the computer object stored in AD.
        This means that the notation of FQDN that matches "ComputerName dot Domain" is incorrect
        in those scenarios.
        In other words, the "suffix" of the FQDN CAN be different from the AD Domain.

        This cmdlet has been providing good results since its inception but for lack of useful
        names some doubts may arise.
        Let this clear the doubts:
        - InputName: whatever has been passed in
        - ComputerName: hostname only
        - IPAddress: IP Address
        - DNSHostName: hostname only, coming strictly from DNS (as reported from the calling computer)
        - DNSDomain: domain only, coming strictly from DNS (as reported from the calling computer)
        - Domain: domain only, coming strictly from AD (i.e. the domain the ComputerName is joined to)
        - DNSHostEntry: Fully name as returned by DNS [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry
        - FQDN: "legacy" notation of ComputerName "dot" Domain (coming from AD)
        - FullComputerName: Full name as configured from within the Computer (i.e. the only secure match between AD and DNS)

        So, if you need to use something, go with FullComputerName, always, as it is the most correct in every scenario.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.
        This can be the name of a computer, a SMO object, an IP address or a SQL Instance.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user

    .PARAMETER Turbo
        Resolves without accessing the server itself. Faster but may be less accurate because it relies on DNS only,
        so it may fail spectacularly for disjoin-domain setups. Also, everyone has its own DNS (i.e. results may vary
        changing the computer where the function runs)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Network, Resolve
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe (@PowerDBAKlaas) | Simone Bizzotto (@niphold)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Resolve-DbaNetworkName

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName ServerA

        Returns a custom object displaying InputName, ComputerName, IPAddress, DNSHostName, DNSDomain, Domain, DNSHostEntry, FQDN, DNSHostEntry for ServerA

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Resolve-DbaNetworkName -SqlInstance sql2016\sqlexpress

        Returns a custom object displaying InputName, ComputerName, IPAddress, DNSHostName, DNSDomain, Domain, DNSHostEntry, FQDN, DNSHostEntry  for the SQL instance sql2016\sqlexpress

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Resolve-DbaNetworkName -SqlInstance sql2016\sqlexpress, sql2014

        Returns a custom object displaying InputName, ComputerName, IPAddress, DNSHostName, DNSDomain, Domain, DNSHostEntry, FQDN, DNSHostEntry  for the SQL instance sql2016\sqlexpress and sql2014

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2014 | Resolve-DbaNetworkName

        Returns a custom object displaying InputName, ComputerName, IPAddress, DNSHostName, Domain, FQDN for all SQL Servers returned by Get-DbaCmsRegServer

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias('cn', 'host', 'ServerInstance', 'Server', 'SqlInstance')]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('FastParrot')]
        [switch]$Turbo,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if (-not (Test-Windows -NoWarn)) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Non-Windows client detected. Turbo (DNS resolution only) set to $true"
            $Turbo = $true
        }

        foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName) {
            $conn = $ipaddress = $null

            $OGComputer = $Computer

            if ($Computer.IsLocalhost) {
                $Computer = $env:COMPUTERNAME
            } else {
                $Computer = $Computer.ComputerName
            }

            if ($Turbo) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Resolving $Computer using .NET.Dns GetHostEntry"
                    $ipaddress = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($Computer)).AddressList[0].IPAddressToString
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Resolving $ipaddress using .NET.Dns GetHostByAddress"
                    $fqdn = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByAddress($ipaddress).HostName
                } catch {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Resolving $Computer and IP using .NET.Dns GetHostEntry"
                        $resolved = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($Computer)
                        $ipaddress = $resolved.AddressList[0].IPAddressToString
                        $fqdn = $resolved.HostName
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "DNS name not found" -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }

                if ($fqdn -notmatch "\.") {
                    if ($computer.ComputerName -match "\.") {
                        $dnsdomain = $computer.ComputerName.Substring($computer.ComputerName.IndexOf(".") + 1)
                        $fqdn = "$resolved.$dnsdomain"
                    } else {
                        $dnsdomain = "$env:USERDNSDOMAIN".ToLower()
                        if ($dnsdomain -match "\.") {
                            $fqdn = "$fqdn.$dnsdomain"
                        }
                    }
                }

                $hostname = $fqdn.Split(".")[0]

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    InputName        = $OGComputer
                    ComputerName     = $hostname.ToUpper()
                    IPAddress        = $ipaddress
                    DNSHostname      = $hostname
                    DNSDomain        = $fqdn.Replace("$hostname.", "")
                    Domain           = $fqdn.Replace("$hostname.", "")
                    DNSHostEntry     = $fqdn
                    FQDN             = $fqdn
                    FullComputerName = $fqdn
                }

            } else {


                try {
                    $ipaddress = ((Test-Connection -ComputerName $Computer -Count 1 -ErrorAction Stop).Ipv4Address).IPAddressToString
                } catch {
                    try {
                        if ($env:USERDNSDOMAIN) {
                            $ipaddress = ((Test-Connection -ComputerName "$Computer.$env:USERDNSDOMAIN" -Count 1 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Ipv4Address).IPAddressToString
                            if ($ipaddress) {
                                $Computer = "$Computer.$env:USERDNSDOMAIN"
                                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "IP Address from $Computer is $ipaddress"
                            } else {
                                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No IP Address returned from $Computer"
                                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Using .NET.Dns to resolve IP Address"
                                Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Turbo
                                continue
                            }
                        }
                    } catch {
                        $Computer = $OGComputer
                        $ipaddress = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($Computer)).AddressList[0].IPAddressToString
                    }
                }

                if ($ipaddress) {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "IP Address from $Computer is $ipaddress"
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No IP Address returned from $Computer"
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Using .NET.Dns to resolve IP Address"
                    return (Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Turbo)
                }

                if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -gt 2) {
                    Write-Message -Level System -Message "Your PowerShell Version is $($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major)"
                    try {
                        try {
                            # if an alias (CNAME) is passed we should try to connect to the A name via CIM or WinRM
                            $ComputerNameIP = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($Computer)).AddressList[0].IPAddressToString
                            $RemoteComputer = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByAddress($ComputerNameIP).HostName
                        } catch {
                            $RemoteComputer = $Computer
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Getting computer information from $RemoteComputer"
                        $ScBlock = {
                            $IPGProps = [System.Net.NetworkInformation.IPGlobalProperties]::GetIPGlobalProperties()
                            return [pscustomobject]@{
                                'DNSDomain' = $IPGProps.DomainName
                            }
                        }
                        if (Test-Bound "Credential") {
                            $conn = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName win32_ComputerSystem -ComputerName $RemoteComputer -Credential $Credential -EnableException
                            $DNSSuffix = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $RemoteComputer -ScriptBlock $ScBlock -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop
                        } else {
                            $conn = Get-DbaCmObject -ClassName win32_ComputerSystem -ComputerName $RemoteComputer -EnableException
                            $DNSSuffix = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $RemoteComputer -ScriptBlock $ScBlock -ErrorAction Stop
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Unable to get computer information from $Computer"
                    }

                    if (!$conn) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No WMI/CIM from $Computer. Getting HostName via .NET.Dns"
                        try {
                            $fqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($Computer)).HostName
                            $hostname = $fqdn.Split(".")[0]
                            $suffix = $fqdn.Replace("$hostname.", "")
                            if ($hostname -eq $fqdn) {
                                $suffix = ""
                            }
                            $conn = [PSCustomObject]@{
                                Name        = $Computer
                                DNSHostname = $hostname
                                Domain      = $suffix
                            }
                            $DNSSuffix = [PSCustomObject]@{
                                DNSDomain = $suffix
                            }
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "No .NET.Dns information from $Computer" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
                if ($DNSSuffix.DNSDomain.Length -eq 0) {
                    $FullComputerName = $conn.DNSHostname
                } else {
                    $FullComputerName = $conn.DNSHostname + "." + $DNSSuffix.DNSDomain
                }
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Resolving $FullComputerName using .NET.Dns GetHostEntry"
                    $hostentry = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($FullComputerName)).HostName
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message ".NET.Dns GetHostEntry failed for $FullComputerName" -ErrorRecord $_
                }

                $fqdn = "$($conn.DNSHostname).$($conn.Domain)"
                if ($fqdn -eq ".") {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No full FQDN found. Setting to null"
                    $fqdn = $null
                }
                if ($FullComputerName -eq ".") {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "No DNS FQDN found. Setting to null"
                    $FullComputerName = $null
                }

                if ($FullComputerName -ne "." -and $FullComputerName -notmatch "\." -and $conn.Domain -match "\.") {
                    $d = $conn.Domain
                    $FullComputerName = "$FullComputerName.$d"
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    InputName        = $OGComputer
                    ComputerName     = $conn.Name
                    IPAddress        = $ipaddress
                    DNSHostName      = $conn.DNSHostname
                    DNSDomain        = $DNSSuffix.DNSDomain
                    Domain           = $conn.Domain
                    DNSHostEntry     = $hostentry
                    FQDN             = $fqdn.TrimEnd(".")
                    FullComputerName = $FullComputerName
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Restart-DbaService {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Restarts SQL Server services on a computer.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Restarts the SQL Server related services on one or more computers. Will follow SQL Server service dependencies.

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER InstanceName
        Only affects services that belong to the specific instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Use -Type to collect only services of the desired SqlServiceType.
        Can be one of the following: "Agent","Browser","Engine","FullText","SSAS","SSIS","SSRS"

    .PARAMETER Timeout
        How long to wait for the start/stop request completion before moving on. Specify 0 to wait indefinitely.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of services from Get-DbaService

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Will stop dependent SQL Server agents when stopping Engine services.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Service, Instance, Restart
        Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Restart-DbaService

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restart-DbaService -ComputerName sqlserver2014a

        Restarts the SQL Server related services on computer sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql1','sql2','sql3'| Get-DbaService | Restart-DbaService

        Gets the SQL Server related services on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3 and restarts them.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restart-DbaService -ComputerName sql1,sql2 -Instance MSSQLSERVER

        Restarts the SQL Server services related to the default instance MSSQLSERVER on computers sql1 and sql2.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restart-DbaService -ComputerName $MyServers -Type SSRS

        Restarts the SQL Server related services of type "SSRS" (Reporting Services) on computers in the variable MyServers.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restart-DbaService -ComputerName sql1 -Type Engine -Force

        Restarts SQL Server database engine services on sql1 forcing dependent SQL Server Agent services to restart as well.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Server", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Server", Position = 1)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [Alias("Instance")]
        [string[]]$InstanceName,
        [ValidateSet("Agent", "Browser", "Engine", "FullText", "SSAS", "SSIS", "SSRS")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Service")]
        [Alias("ServiceCollection")]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [int]$Timeout = 60,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $processArray = @()
        if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "Server") {
            $serviceParams = @{ ComputerName = $ComputerName }
            if ($InstanceName) { $serviceParams.InstanceName = $InstanceName }
            if ($Type) { $serviceParams.Type = $Type }
            if ($Credential) { $serviceParams.Credential = $Credential }
            if ($EnableException) { $serviceParams.Silent = $EnableException }
            $InputObject = Get-DbaService @serviceParams
        }
    }
    process {
        #Get all the objects from the pipeline before proceeding
        $processArray += $InputObject
    }
    end {
        $processArray = [array]($processArray | Where-Object { (!$InstanceName -or $_.InstanceName -in $InstanceName) -and (!$Type -or $_.ServiceType -in $Type) })
        foreach ($service in $processArray) {
            if ($Force -and $service.ServiceType -eq 'Engine' -and !($processArray | Where-Object { $_.ServiceType -eq 'Agent' -and $_.InstanceName -eq $service.InstanceName -and $_.ComputerName -eq $service.ComputerName })) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding Agent service to the list for service $($service.ServiceName) on $($service.ComputerName), since -Force has been specified"
                #Construct parameters to call Get-DbaService
                $serviceParams = @{
                    ComputerName = $service.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $service.InstanceName
                    Type         = 'Agent'
                }
                if ($Credential) { $serviceParams.Credential = $Credential }
                if ($EnableException) { $serviceParams.Silent = $EnableException }
                $processArray += @(Get-DbaService @serviceParams)
            }
        }
        if ($processArray) {
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$ProcessArray", "Restarting Service")) {
                $services = Update-ServiceStatus -InputObject $processArray -Action 'stop' -Timeout $Timeout -EnableException $EnableException
                foreach ($service in ($services | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq 'Failed'})) {
                    $service
                }
                $services = $services | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq 'Successful'}
                if ($services) {
                    Update-ServiceStatus -InputObject $services -Action 'restart' -Timeout $Timeout -EnableException $EnableException
                }
            }
        } else {
            Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "No SQL Server services found with current parameters."
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Restart-DbaSqlService
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Restore-DbaBackupFromDirectory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Please use `Get-ChildItem | Restore-DbaDatabase` instead. This command is no longer supported.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Please use `Get-ChildItem | Restore-DbaDatabase` instead. This command is no longer supported.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance to which you will be restoring the database.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the full path to the directory that contains the database backups. The SQL Server service must have read access to this path.

    .PARAMETER ReuseSourceFolderStructure
        If this switch is enabled, the folder structure used on the instance where the backup was made will be recreated. By default, the database files will be restored to the default data and log directories for the instance you're restoring onto.

    .PARAMETER NoRecovery
        If this switch is enabled, the database is left in the No Recovery state to enable further backups to be added.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, any existing database matching the name of a database being restored will be overwritten.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Restore-SqlBackupFromDirectory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-SqlBackupFromDirectory -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Path \\fileserver\share\sqlbackups\SQLSERVER2014A

        All user databases contained within \\fileserver\share\sqlbackups\SQLSERVERA will be restored to sqlcluster, down the most recent full/differential/logs.

    #>
    #Requires -Version 3.0
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Path,
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [Alias("ReuseFolderStructure")]
        [switch]$ReuseSourceFolderStructure,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Force
    )

    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This command is no longer supported. Please use Get-ChildItem | Restore-DbaDatabase instead"
}
function Restore-DbaDatabase {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Restores a SQL Server Database from a set of backup files

    .DESCRIPTION
        Upon being passed a list of potential backups files this command will scan the files, select those that contain SQL Server
        backup sets. It will then filter those files down to a set that can perform the requested restore, checking that we have a
        full restore chain to the point in time requested by the caller.

        The function defaults to working on a remote instance. This means that all paths passed in must be relative to the remote instance.
        XpDirTree will be used to perform the file scans

        Various means can be used to pass in a list of files to be considered. The default is to non recursively scan the folder
        passed in.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted.

    .PARAMETER Path
        Path to SQL Server backup files.

        Paths passed in as strings will be scanned using the desired method, default is a non recursive folder scan
        Accepts multiple paths separated by ','

        Or it can consist of FileInfo objects, such as the output of Get-ChildItem or Get-Item. This allows you to work with
        your own file structures as needed

    .PARAMETER DatabaseName
        Name to restore the database under.
        Only works with a single database restore. If multiple database are found in the provided paths then we will exit

    .PARAMETER DestinationDataDirectory
        Path to restore the SQL Server backups to on the target instance.
        If only this parameter is specified, then all database files (data and log) will be restored to this location

    .PARAMETER DestinationLogDirectory
        Path to restore the database log files to.
        This parameter can only be specified alongside DestinationDataDirectory.

    .PARAMETER DestinationFileStreamDirectory
        Path to restore FileStream data to
        This parameter can only be specified alongside DestinationDataDirectory

    .PARAMETER RestoreTime
        Specify a DateTime object to which you want the database restored to. Default is to the latest point  available in the specified backups

    .PARAMETER NoRecovery
        Indicates if the databases should be recovered after last restore. Default is to recover

    .PARAMETER WithReplace
        Switch indicated is the restore is allowed to replace an existing database.

    .PARAMETER XpDirTree
        Switch that indicated file scanning should be performed by the SQL Server instance using xp_dirtree
        This will scan recursively from the passed in path
        You must have sysadmin role membership on the instance for this to work.

    .PARAMETER OutputScriptOnly
        Switch indicates that ONLY T-SQL scripts should be generated, no restore takes place

    .PARAMETER VerifyOnly
        Switch indicate that restore should be verified

    .PARAMETER MaintenanceSolutionBackup
        Switch to indicate the backup files are in a folder structure as created by Ola Hallengreen's maintenance scripts.
        This switch enables a faster check for suitable backups. Other options require all files to be read first to ensure we have an anchoring full backup. Because we can rely on specific locations for backups performed with OlaHallengren's backup solution, we can rely on file locations.

    .PARAMETER FileMapping
        A hashtable that can be used to move specific files to a location.
        `$FileMapping = @{'DataFile1'='c:\restoredfiles\Datafile1.mdf';'DataFile3'='d:\DataFile3.mdf'}`
        And files not specified in the mapping will be restored to their original location
        This Parameter is exclusive with DestinationDataDirectory

    .PARAMETER IgnoreLogBackup
        This switch tells the function to ignore transaction log backups. The process will restore to the latest full or differential backup point only

    .PARAMETER UseDestinationDefaultDirectories
        Switch that tells the restore to use the default Data and Log locations on the target server. If they don't exist, the function will try to create them

    .PARAMETER ReuseSourceFolderStructure
        By default, databases will be migrated to the destination Sql Server's default data and log directories. You can override this by specifying -ReuseSourceFolderStructure.
        The same structure on the SOURCE will be kept exactly, so consider this if you're migrating between different versions and use part of Microsoft's default Sql structure (MSSql12.INSTANCE, etc)

        *Note, to reuse destination folder structure, specify -WithReplace

    .PARAMETER DestinationFilePrefix
        This value will be prefixed to ALL restored files (log and data). This is just a simple string prefix. If you want to perform more complex rename operations then please use the FileMapping parameter

        This will apply to all file move options, except for FileMapping

    .PARAMETER DestinationFileSuffix
        This value will be suffixed to ALL restored files (log and data). This is just a simple string suffix. If you want to perform more complex rename operations then please use the FileMapping parameter

        This will apply to all file move options, except for FileMapping

    .PARAMETER RestoredDatabaseNamePrefix
        A string which will be prefixed to the start of the restore Database's Name
        Useful if restoring a copy to the same sql server for testing.

    .PARAMETER TrustDbBackupHistory
        This switch can be used when piping the output of Get-DbaBackupHistory or Backup-DbaDatabase into this command.
        It allows the user to say that they trust that the output from those commands is correct, and skips the file header read portion of the process. This means a faster process, but at the risk of not knowing till halfway through the restore that something is wrong with a file.

    .PARAMETER MaxTransferSize
        Parameter to set the unit of transfer. Values must be a multiple by 64kb

    .PARAMETER Blocksize
        Specifies the block size to use. Must be one of 0.5kb,1kb,2kb,4kb,8kb,16kb,32kb or 64kb
        Can be specified in bytes
        Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail

    .PARAMETER BufferCount
        Number of I/O buffers to use to perform the operation.
        Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail

    .PARAMETER XpNoRecurse
        If specified, prevents the XpDirTree process from recursing (its default behaviour)

    .PARAMETER DirectoryRecurse
        If specified the specified directory will be recursed into

    .PARAMETER Continue
        If specified we will to attempt to recover more transaction log backups onto  database(s) in Recovering or Standby states

    .PARAMETER StandbyDirectory
        If a directory is specified the database(s) will be restored into a standby state, with the standby file placed into this directory (which must exist, and be writable by the target Sql Server instance)

    .PARAMETER AzureCredential
        The name of the SQL Server credential to be used if restoring from an Azure hosted backup using Storage Access Keys
        If a backup path beginning http is passed in and this parameter is not specified then if a credential with a name matching the URL

    .PARAMETER ReplaceDbNameInFile
        If switch set and occurrence of the original database's name in a data or log file will be replace with the name specified in the DatabaseName parameter

    .PARAMETER Recover
        If set will perform recovery on the indicated database

    .PARAMETER AllowContinue
        By default, Restore-DbaDatabase will stop restoring any databases if it comes across an error.
        Use this switch to enable it to restore all databases without issues.

    .PARAMETER GetBackupInformation
        Passing a string value into this parameter will cause a global variable to be created holding the output of Get-DbaBackupInformation

    .PARAMETER SelectBackupInformation
        Passing a string value into this parameter will cause a global variable to be created holding the output of Select-DbaBackupInformation

    .PARAMETER FormatBackupInformation
        Passing a string value into this parameter will cause a global variable to be created holding the output of Format-DbaBackupInformation

    .PARAMETER TestBackupInformation
        Passing a string value into this parameter will cause a global variable to be created holding the output of Test-DbaBackupInformation

    .PARAMETER StopAfterGetBackupInformation
        Switch which will cause the function to exit after returning GetBackupInformation

    .PARAMETER StopAfterSelectBackupInformation
        Switch which will cause the function to exit after returning SelectBackupInformation

    .PARAMETER StopAfterFormatBackupInformation
        Switch which will cause the function to exit after returning FormatBackupInformation

    .PARAMETER StopAfterTestBackupInformation
        Switch which will cause the function to exit after returning TestBackupInformation

    .PARAMETER StatementTimeOut
        Timeout in minutes. Defaults to infinity (restores can take a while.)

    .PARAMETER KeepCDC
        Indicates whether CDC information should be restored as part of the database

    .PARAMETER PageRestore
        Passes in an object from Get-DbaSuspectPages containing suspect pages from a single database.
        Setting this Parameter will cause an Online Page restore if the target Instance is Enterprise Edition, or offline if not.
        This will involve taking a tail log backup, so you must check your restore chain once it has completed

    .PARAMETER PageRestoreTailFolder
        This parameter passes in a location for the tail log backup required for page level restore

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts to confirm certain actions

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command would execute, but does not actually perform the command

    .NOTES
        Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Restore-DbaDatabase

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path \\server2\backups

        Scans all the backup files in \\server2\backups, filters them and restores the database to server1\instance1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path \\server2\backups -MaintenanceSolutionBackup -DestinationDataDirectory c:\restores

        Scans all the backup files in \\server2\backups$ stored in an Ola Hallengren style folder structure,
        filters them and restores the database to the c:\restores folder on server1\instance1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-ChildItem c:\SQLbackups1\, \\server\sqlbackups2 | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1

        Takes the provided files from multiple directories and restores them on  server1\instance1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $RestoreTime = Get-Date('11:19 23/12/2016')
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path \\server2\backups -MaintenanceSolutionBackup -DestinationDataDirectory c:\restores -RestoreTime $RestoreTime

        Scans all the backup files in \\server2\backups stored in an Ola Hallengren style folder structure,
        filters them and restores the database to the c:\restores folder on server1\instance1 up to 11:19 23/12/2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $result = Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path \\server2\backups -DestinationDataDirectory c:\restores -OutputScriptOnly
        PS C:\> $result | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Tsql | Out-File -Filepath c:\scripts\restore.sql

        Scans all the backup files in \\server2\backups stored in an Ola Hallengren style folder structure,
        filters them and generate the T-SQL Scripts to restore the database to the latest point in time,
        and then stores the output in a file for later retrieval

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path c:\backups -DestinationDataDirectory c:\DataFiles -DestinationLogDirectory c:\LogFile

        Scans all the files in c:\backups and then restores them onto the SQL Server Instance server1\instance1, placing data files
        c:\DataFiles and all the log files into c:\LogFiles

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path http://demo.blob.core.windows.net/backups/dbbackup.bak -AzureCredential MyAzureCredential

        Will restore the backup held at  http://demo.blob.core.windows.net/backups/dbbackup.bak to server1\instance1. The connection to Azure will be made using the
        credential MyAzureCredential held on instance Server1\instance1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path http://demo.blob.core.windows.net/backups/dbbackup.bak

        Will attempt to restore the backups from http://demo.blob.core.windows.net/backups/dbbackup.bak if a SAS credential with the name http://demo.blob.core.windows.net/backups exists on server1\instance1

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $File = Get-ChildItem c:\backups, \\server1\backups -recurse
        PS C:\> $File | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance Server1\Instance -UseDestinationDefaultDirectories

        This will take all of the files found under the folders c:\backups and \\server1\backups, and pipeline them into
        Restore-DbaDatabase. Restore-DbaDatabase will then scan all of the files, and restore all of the databases included
        to the latest point in time covered by their backups. All data and log files will be moved to the default SQL Server
        folder for those file types as defined on the target instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $files = Get-ChildItem C:\dbatools\db1
        PS C:\> $files | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance1 `
        >> -DestinationFilePrefix prefix -DatabaseName Restored  `
        >> -RestoreTime (get-date "14:58:30 22/05/2017") `
        >> -NoRecovery -WithReplace -StandbyDirectory C:\dbatools\standby
        >>
        PS C:\> #It's in standby so we can peek at it
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaQuery -SQLInstance server\instance1 -Query "select top 1 * from Restored.dbo.steps order by dt desc"
        PS C:\> #Not quite there so let's roll on a bit:
        PS C:\> $files | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance1 `
        >> -DestinationFilePrefix prefix -DatabaseName Restored `
        >> -continue -WithReplace -RestoreTime (get-date "15:09:30 22/05/2017") `
        >> -StandbyDirectory C:\dbatools\standby
        >>
        PS C:\> Invoke-DbaQuery -SQLInstance server\instance1 -Query "select top 1 * from restored.dbo.steps order by dt desc"
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance1 -DestinationFilePrefix prefix -DatabaseName Restored -Continue -WithReplace

        In this example we step through the backup files held in c:\dbatools\db1 folder.
        First we restore the database to a point in time in standby mode. This means we can check some details in the databases
        We then roll it on a further 9 minutes to perform some more checks
        And finally we continue by rolling it all the way forward to the latest point in the backup.
        At each step, only the log files needed to roll the database forward are restored.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance1 -Path c:\backups -DatabaseName example1 -NoRecovery
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server\instance1 -Recover -DatabaseName example1

        In this example we restore example1 database with no recovery, and then the second call is to set the database to recovery.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaBackupHistory - SqlInstance server\instance1 -Database ProdFinance -Last | Restore-DbaDatabase -PageRestore
        PS C:\> $SuspectPage -PageRestoreTailFolder c:\temp -TrustDbBackupHistory -AllowContinues

        Gets a list of Suspect Pages using Get-DbaSuspectPage. The uses Get-DbaBackupHistory and Restore-DbaDatabase to perform a restore of the suspect pages and bring them up to date
        If server\instance1 is Enterprise edition this will be done online, if not it will be performed offline
        AllowContinue is required to make sure we cope with existing files

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $BackupHistory = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance sql2005 -Path \\backups\sql2000\ProdDb
        PS C:\> $BackupHistory | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2000 -TrustDbBackupHistory

        Due to SQL Server 2000 not returning all the backup headers we cannot restore directly. As this is an issues with the SQL engine all we can offer is the following workaround
        This will use a SQL Server instance > 2000 to read the headers, and then pass them in to Restore-DbaDatabase as a BackupHistory object.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Path "C:\Temp\devops_prod_full.bak" -DatabaseName "DevOps_DEV" -ReplaceDbNameInFile
        PS C:\> Rename-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -Database "DevOps_DEV" -LogicalName "<DBN>_<FT>"

        This will restore the database from the "C:\Temp\devops_prod_full.bak" file, with the new name "DevOps_DEV" and store the different physical files with the new name. It will use the system default configured data and log locations.
        After the restore the logical names of the database files will be renamed with the "DevOps_DEV_ROWS" for MDF/NDF and "DevOps_DEV_LOG" for LDF

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $FileStructure = @{
        >> 'database_data' = 'C:\Data\database_data.mdf'
        >> 'database_log' = 'C:\Log\database_log.ldf'
        >> }
        >>
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance server1 -Path \\ServerName\ShareName\File -DatabaseName database -FileMapping $FileStructure

        Restores 'database' to 'server1' and moves the files to new locations. The format for the $FileStructure HashTable is the file logical name as the Key, and the new location as the Value.

#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Restore")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "AzureCredential", Justification = "For Parameter AzureCredential")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)][Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")][DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Restore")][parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")][object[]]$Path,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)][Alias("Name")][object[]]$DatabaseName,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][String]$DestinationDataDirectory,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][String]$DestinationLogDirectory,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][String]$DestinationFileStreamDirectory,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][DateTime]$RestoreTime = (Get-Date).AddYears(1),
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][switch]$NoRecovery,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][switch]$WithReplace,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][Switch]$XpDirTree,
        [switch]$OutputScriptOnly,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][switch]$VerifyOnly,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][switch]$MaintenanceSolutionBackup,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][hashtable]$FileMapping,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][switch]$IgnoreLogBackup,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][switch]$UseDestinationDefaultDirectories,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][switch]$ReuseSourceFolderStructure,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][string]$DestinationFilePrefix = '',
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][string]$RestoredDatabaseNamePrefix,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][parameter(ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")][switch]$TrustDbBackupHistory,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][parameter(ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")][int]$MaxTransferSize,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][parameter(ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")][int]$BlockSize,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][parameter(ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")][int]$BufferCount,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][switch]$DirectoryRecurse,
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][string]$StandbyDirectory,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][switch]$Continue,
        [string]$AzureCredential,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][switch]$ReplaceDbNameInFile,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][string]$DestinationFileSuffix,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Recovery")][switch]$Recover,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Restore")][switch]$KeepCDC,
        [switch]$AllowContinue,
        [string]$GetBackupInformation,
        [switch]$StopAfterGetBackupInformation,
        [string]$SelectBackupInformation,
        [switch]$StopAfterSelectBackupInformation,
        [string]$FormatBackupInformation,
        [switch]$StopAfterFormatBackupInformation,
        [string]$TestBackupInformation,
        [switch]$StopAfterTestBackupInformation,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")][object]$PageRestore,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "RestorePage")][string]$PageRestoreTailFolder,
        [int]$StatementTimeout = 0
    )
    begin {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting"
        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Parameters bound: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        #region Validation
        try {
            $RestoreInstance = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            return
        }
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "Restore") {
            $UseDestinationDefaultDirectories = $true
            $paramCount = 0

            if (!(Test-Bound "AllowContinue") -and $true -ne $AllowContinue) {
                $AllowContinue = $false
            }
            if (Test-Bound "FileMapping") {
                $paramCount += 1
            }
            if (Test-Bound "ReuseSourceFolderStructure") {
                $paramCount += 1
            }
            if (Test-Bound "DestinationDataDirectory") {
                $paramCount += 1
            }
            if ($paramCount -gt 1) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "You've specified incompatible Location parameters. Please only specify one of FileMapping, ReuseSourceFolderStructure or DestinationDataDirectory"
                return
            }
            if (($ReplaceDbNameInFile) -and !(Test-Bound "DatabaseName")) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "To use ReplaceDbNameInFile you must specify DatabaseName"
                return
            }

            if ((Test-Bound "DestinationLogDirectory") -and (Test-Bound "ReuseSourceFolderStructure")) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "The parameters DestinationLogDirectory and UseDestinationDefaultDirectories are mutually exclusive"
                return
            }
            if ((Test-Bound "DestinationLogDirectory") -and -not (Test-Bound "DestinationDataDirectory")) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "The parameter DestinationLogDirectory can only be specified together with DestinationDataDirectory"
                return
            }
            if ((Test-Bound "DestinationFileStreamDirectory") -and (Test-Bound "ReuseSourceFolderStructure")) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "The parameters DestinationFileStreamDirectory and UseDestinationDefaultDirectories are mutually exclusive"
                return
            }
            if ((Test-Bound "DestinationFileStreamDirectory") -and -not (Test-Bound "DestinationDataDirectory")) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "The parameter DestinationFileStreamDirectory can only be specified together with DestinationDataDirectory"
                return
            }
            if (($null -ne $FileMapping) -or $ReuseSourceFolderStructure -or ($DestinationDataDirectory -ne '')) {
                $UseDestinationDefaultDirectories = $false
            }
            if (($MaxTransferSize % 64kb) -ne 0 -or $MaxTransferSize -gt 4mb) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "MaxTransferSize value must be a multiple of 64kb and no greater than 4MB"
                return
            }
            if ($BlockSize) {
                if ($BlockSize -notin (0.5kb, 1kb, 2kb, 4kb, 8kb, 16kb, 32kb, 64kb)) {
                    Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "Block size must be one of 0.5kb,1kb,2kb,4kb,8kb,16kb,32kb,64kb"
                    return
                }
            }
            if ('' -ne $StandbyDirectory) {
                if (!(Test-DbaPath -Path $StandbyDirectory -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$SqlServer cannot see the specified Standby Directory $StandbyDirectory" -Target $SqlInstance
                    return
                }
            }
            if ($KeepCDC -and ($NoRecovery -or ('' -ne $StandbyDirectory))) {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "KeepCDC cannot be specified with Norecovery or Standby as it needs recovery to work"
                return
            }
            if ($Continue) {
                Write-Message -Message "Called with continue, so assume we have an existing db in norecovery"
                $ContinuePoints = Get-RestoreContinuableDatabase -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance
                $LastRestoreType = Get-DbaDbRestoreHistory -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Last
            }
            if (!($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("DataBasename"))) {
                $PipeDatabaseName = $true
            }
        }

        if ($StatementTimeout -eq 0) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing statement timeout to infinity"
        } else {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing statement timeout to ($StatementTimeout) minutes"
        }
        $RestoreInstance.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = ($StatementTimeout * 60)
        #endregion Validation

        if ($UseDestinationDefaultDirectories) {
            $DefaultPath = (Get-DbaDefaultPath -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance)
            $DestinationDataDirectory = $DefaultPath.Data
            $DestinationLogDirectory = $DefaultPath.Log
        }

        $BackupHistory = @()
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }
        if ($RestoreInstance.VersionMajor -eq 8 -and $true -ne $TrustDbBackupHistory) {
            foreach ($file in $Path) {
                $bh = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Path $file
                $bound = $PSBoundParameters
                $bound['TrustDbBackupHistory'] = $true
                $bound['Path'] = $bh
                Restore-Dbadatabase @bound
            }
            break
        }
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -like "Restore*") {
            if ($PipeDatabaseName -eq $true) {
                $DatabaseName = ''
            }
            Write-Message -message "ParameterSet  = Restore" -Level Verbose
            if ($TrustDbBackupHistory -or $path[0].GetType().ToString() -eq 'Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Database.BackupHistory') {
                foreach ($f in $path) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Trust Database Backup History Set"
                    if ("BackupPath" -notin $f.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "adding BackupPath - $($_.FullName)"
                        $f = $f | Select-Object *, @{
                            Name = "BackupPath"; Expression = {
                                $_.FullName
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if ("DatabaseName" -notin $f.PSobject.Properties.Name) {
                        $f = $f | Select-Object *, @{
                            Name = "DatabaseName"; Expression = {
                                $_.Database
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if ("Database" -notin $f.PSobject.Properties.Name) {
                        $f = $f | Select-Object *, @{
                            Name = "Database"; Expression = {
                                $_.DatabaseName
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if ("BackupSetGUID" -notin $f.PSobject.Properties.Name) {
                        $f = $f | Select-Object *, @{
                            Name = "BackupSetGUID"; Expression = {
                                $_.BackupSetID
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($f.BackupPath -like 'http*') {
                        if ('' -ne $AzureCredential) {
                            Write-Message -Message "At least one Azure backup passed in with a credential, assume correct" -Level Verbose
                            Write-Message -Message "Storage Account Identity access means striped backups cannot be restore"
                        } else {
                            $f.BackupPath -match 'https://.*/.*/'
                            if (Get-DbaCredential -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -name $matches[0].trim('/') ) {
                                Write-Message -Message "We have a SAS credential to use with $($f.BackupPath)" -Level Verbose
                            } else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "A URL to a backup has been passed in, but no credential can be found to access it"
                                return
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    $BackupHistory += $F | Select-Object *, @{
                        Name = "ServerName"; Expression = {
                            $_.SqlInstance
                        }
                    }, @{
                        Name = "BackupStartDate"; Expression = {
                            $_.Start -as [DateTime]
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                $files = @()
                foreach ($f in $Path) {
                    if ($f -is [System.IO.FileSystemInfo]) {
                        $files += $f.FullName
                    } else {
                        $files += $f
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Unverified input, full scans - $($files -join ';')"
                if ($BackupHistory.GetType().ToString() -eq 'Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Database.BackupHistory') {
                    $BackupHistory = @($BackupHistory)
                }
                $BackupHistory += Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path $files -DirectoryRecurse:$DirectoryRecurse -MaintenanceSolution:$MaintenanceSolutionBackup -IgnoreLogBackup:$IgnoreLogBackup -AzureCredential $AzureCredential
            }
            if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "RestorePage") {
                if (-not (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Path $PageRestoreTailFolder)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Instance $RestoreInstance cannot read $PageRestoreTailFolder, cannot proceed" -Target $PageRestoreTailFolder
                    return
                }
                $WithReplace = $true
            }
        } elseif ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "Recovery") {
            Write-Message -Message "$($Database.Count) databases to recover" -level Verbose
            foreach ($Database in $DatabaseName) {
                if ($Database -is [object]) {
                    #We've got an object, try the normal options Database, DatabaseName, Name
                    if ("Database" -in $Database.PSobject.Properties.Name) {
                        [string]$DataBase = $Database.Database
                    } elseif ("DatabaseName" -in $Database.PSobject.Properties.Name) {
                        [string]$DataBase = $Database.DatabaseName
                    } elseif ("Name" -in $Database.PSobject.Properties.Name) {
                        [string]$Database = $Database.name
                    }
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "existence - $($RestoreInstance.Databases[$DataBase].State)"
                if ($RestoreInstance.Databases[$DataBase].State -ne 'Existing') {
                    Write-Message -Message "$Database does not exist on $RestoreInstance" -level Warning
                    continue
                }
                if ($RestoreInstance.Databases[$Database].Status -ne "Restoring") {
                    Write-Message -Message "$Database on $RestoreInstance is not in a Restoring State" -Level Warning
                    continue
                }
                $RestoreComplete = $true
                $RecoverSql = "RESTORE DATABASE $Database WITH RECOVERY"
                Write-Message -Message "Recovery Sql Query - $RecoverSql" -level verbose
                try {
                    $RestoreInstance.query($RecoverSql)
                } catch {
                    $RestoreComplete = $False
                    $ExitError = $_.Exception.InnerException
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to recover $Database on $RestoreInstance, `n $ExitError"
                } finally {
                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        SqlInstance     = $SqlInstance
                        DatabaseName    = $Database
                        RestoreComplete = $RestoreComplete
                        Scripts         = $RecoverSql
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -like "Restore*") {
            if ($BackupHistory.Count -eq 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No backups passed through. `n This could mean the SQL instance cannot see the referenced files, the file's headers could not be read or some other issue"
                return
            }
            Write-Message -message "Processing DatabaseName - $DatabaseName" -Level Verbose
            $FilteredBackupHistory = @()
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName GetBackupInformation) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting $GetBackupInformation to BackupHistory" -Level Verbose
                Set-Variable -Name $GetBackupInformation -Value $BackupHistory -Scope Global
            }
            if ($StopAfterGetBackupInformation) {
                return
            }
            $pathSep = Get-DbaPathSep -Server $RestoreInstance
            $null = $BackupHistory | Format-DbaBackupInformation -DataFileDirectory $DestinationDataDirectory -LogFileDirectory $DestinationLogDirectory -DestinationFileStreamDirectory $DestinationFileStreamDirectory -DatabaseFileSuffix $DestinationFileSuffix -DatabaseFilePrefix $DestinationFilePrefix -DatabaseNamePrefix $RestoredDatabaseNamePrefix -ReplaceDatabaseName $DatabaseName -Continue:$Continue -ReplaceDbNameInFile:$ReplaceDbNameInFile -FileMapping $FileMapping -PathSep $pathSep

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName FormatBackupInformation) {
                Set-Variable -Name $FormatBackupInformation -Value $BackupHistory -Scope Global
            }
            if ($StopAfterFormatBackupInformation) {
                return
            }

            $FilteredBackupHistory = $BackupHistory | Select-DbaBackupInformation -RestoreTime $RestoreTime -IgnoreLogs:$IgnoreLogBackups -ContinuePoints $ContinuePoints -LastRestoreType $LastRestoreType -DatabaseName $DatabaseName

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName SelectBackupInformation) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting $SelectBackupInformation to FilteredBackupHistory" -Level Verbose
                Set-Variable -Name $SelectBackupInformation -Value $FilteredBackupHistory -Scope Global

            }
            if ($StopAfterSelectBackupInformation) {
                return
            }
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "VerifyOnly = $VerifyOnly"
                $null = $FilteredBackupHistory | Test-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -WithReplace:$WithReplace -Continue:$Continue -VerifyOnly:$VerifyOnly -EnableException:$true -OutputScriptOnly:$OutputScriptOnly
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -ErrorRecord $_ -Message "Failure" -Continue
            }
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName TestBackupInformation) {
                Set-Variable -Name $TestBackupInformation -Value $FilteredBackupHistory -Scope Global
            }
            if ($StopAfterTestBackupInformation) {
                return
            }
            $DbVerfied = ($FilteredBackupHistory | Where-Object {
                    $_.IsVerified -eq $True
                } | Select-Object -Property Database -Unique).Database -join ','
            Write-Message -Message "$DbVerfied passed testing" -Level Verbose
            if (($FilteredBackupHistory | Where-Object {
                        $_.IsVerified -eq $True
                    }).count -lt $FilteredBackupHistory.count) {
                $DbUnVerified = ($FilteredBackupHistory | Where-Object {
                        $_.IsVerified -eq $False
                    } | Select-Object -Property Database -Unique).Database -join ','
                if ($AllowContinue) {
                    Write-Message -Message "$DbUnverified failed testing, AllowContinue set" -Level Verbose
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database $DbUnverified failed testing, AllowContinue not set, exiting"
                    return
                }
            }
            If ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "RestorePage") {
                if (($FilteredBackupHistory.Database | select-Object -unique | Measure-Object).count -ne 1) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Must only 1 database passed in for Page Restore. Sorry"
                    return
                } else {
                    $WithReplace = $false
                }
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Passing in to restore" -Level Verbose
            if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "RestorePage" -and $RestoreInstance.Edition -notlike '*Enterprise*') {
                Write-Message -Message "Taking Tail log backup for page restore for non-Enterprise" -Level Verbose
                $TailBackup = Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Database $DatabaseName -Type Log -BackupDirectory $PageRestoreTailFolder -Norecovery -CopyOnly
            }
            try {
                $FilteredBackupHistory | Where-Object {
                    $_.IsVerified -eq $true
                } | Invoke-DbaAdvancedRestore -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -WithReplace:$WithReplace -RestoreTime $RestoreTime -StandbyDirectory $StandbyDirectory -NoRecovery:$NoRecovery -Continue:$Continue -OutputScriptOnly:$OutputScriptOnly -BlockSize $BlockSize -MaxTransferSize $MaxTransferSize -Buffercount $Buffercount -KeepCDC:$KeepCDC -VerifyOnly:$VerifyOnly -PageRestore $PageRestore -EnableException -AzureCredential $AzureCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -Target $RestoreInstance
            }
            if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "RestorePage") {
                if ($RestoreInstance.Edition -like '*Enterprise*') {
                    Write-Message -Message "Taking Tail log backup for page restore for Enterprise" -Level Verbose
                    $TailBackup = Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Database $DatabaseName -Type Log -BackupDirectory $PageRestoreTailFolder -Norecovery -CopyOnly
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Restoring Tail log backup for page restore" -Level Verbose
                $TailBackup | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -TrustDbBackupHistory -NoRecovery -OutputScriptOnly:$OutputScriptOnly -BlockSize $BlockSize -MaxTransferSize $MaxTransferSize -Buffercount $Buffercount -Continue
                Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Recover -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -OutputScriptOnly:$OutputScriptOnly
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Restore-DbaDbCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Imports certificates from .cer files using SMO.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Imports certificates from.cer files using SMO.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        The Path the contains the certificate and private key files. The path can be a directory or a specific certificate.

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        Secure string used to decrypt the private key.

    .PARAMETER EncryptionPassword
        If specified this will be used to encrypt the private key.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database where the certificate imports into. Defaults to master.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Certificate
        Author: Jess Pomfret (@jpomfret), jesspomfret.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Restore-DbaDbCertificate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\Server1\Certificates -SecurePassword (ConvertTo-SecureString -Force -AsPlainText GoodPass1234!!)

        Restores all the certificates in the specified path, password is used to both decrypt and encrypt the private key.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\Server1\Certificates\DatabaseTDE.cer -SecurePassword (ConvertTo-SecureString -force -AsPlainText GoodPass1234!!)

        Restores the DatabaseTDE certificate to Server1 and uses the MasterKey to encrypt the private key.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("FullName")]
        [object[]]$Path,
        [Security.SecureString]$EncryptionPassword,
        [string]$Database = "master",
        [Alias("Password")]
        [Security.SecureString]$SecurePassword = (Read-Host "Password" -AsSecureString),
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to: $SqlInstance" -Target $SqlInstance -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }

        foreach ($fullname in $Path) {
            if (-not $SqlInstance.IsLocalHost -and -not $fullname.StartsWith('\')) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Path ($fullname) must be a UNC share when SQL instance is not local." -Continue -Target $fullname
            }

            if (-not (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $fullname)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$SqlInstance cannot access $fullname" -Continue -Target $fullname
            }

            $directory = Split-Path $fullname
            $filename = Split-Path $fullname -Leaf
            $certname = [io.path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($filename)

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$certname on $SqlInstance", "Importing Certificate")) {
                $smocert = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Certificate
                $smocert.Name = $certname
                $smocert.Parent = $server.Databases[$Database]
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating Certificate: $certname"
                try {
                    $fullcertname = "$directory\$certname.cer"
                    $privatekey = "$directory\$certname.pvk"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Full certificate path: $fullcertname"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Private key: $privatekey"
                    $fromfile = $true

                    if ($EncryptionPassword) {
                        $smocert.Create($fullcertname, $fromfile, $privatekey, [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password)), [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password)))
                    } else {
                        $smocert.Create($fullcertname, $fromfile, $privatekey, [System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($password)))
                    }
                    $cert = $smocert
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $_ -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                }
            }
            Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -Certificate $cert.Name
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Retore-DbaDatabaseCertificate

    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Restore-DbaDbSnapshot {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Restores databases from snapshots

    .DESCRIPTION
        Restores the database from the snapshot, discarding every modification made to the database
        NB: Restoring to a snapshot will result in every other snapshot of the same database to be dropped
        It also fixes some long-standing bugs in SQL Server when restoring from snapshots

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user

    .PARAMETER Database
        Restores from the last snapshot databases with this names only. You can pass either Databases or Snapshots

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER Snapshot
        Restores databases from snapshots with this names only. You can pass either Databases or Snapshots

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from other Snapshot commands

    .PARAMETER Force
        If restoring from a snapshot involves dropping any other snapshot, you need to explicitly
        use -Force to let this command delete the ones not involved in the restore process.
        Also, -Force will forcibly kill all running queries that prevent the restore process.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts for confirmation of every step.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Snapshot, Backup, Restore, Database
        Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphold)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Restore-DbaDbSnapshot

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database HR, Accounting

        Restores HR and Accounting databases using the latest snapshot available

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database HR -Force

        Restores HR database from latest snapshot and kills any active connections in the database on sql2014.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database HR | Restore-DbaDbSnapshot -Force

        Restores HR database from latest snapshot and kills any active connections in the database on sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2016 | Out-GridView -PassThru | Restore-DbaDbSnapshot

        Allows the selection of snapshots on sql2016 to restore

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Restore-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sql2014 -Snapshot HR_snap_20161201, Accounting_snap_20161101

        Restores databases from snapshots named HR_snap_20161201 and Accounting_snap_20161101

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [object[]]$Snapshot,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if (-not $Snapshot -and -not $Database -and -not $ExcludeDatabase -and -not $InputObject) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify either -Snapshot (to restore from) or -Database/-ExcludeDatabase (to restore to) or pipe in a snapshot"
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $InputObject += Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase -Snapshot $Snapshot | Sort-Object CreateDate -Descending

            if ($Snapshot) {
                # Restore databases from these snapshots
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Selected only snapshots"
                $dbs = $InputObject | Where-Object { $Snapshot -contains $_.Name }
                $baseDatabases = $dbs | Select-Object -ExpandProperty DatabaseSnapshotBaseName | Get-Unique
                if ($baseDatabases.Count -ne $Snapshot.Count -and $dbs.Count -ne 0) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure. Multiple snapshots selected for the same database" -Continue
                }
            }
        }

        foreach ($snap in $InputObject) {
            # In the event someone passed -Database and it got all the snaps, most of which were dropped by the first
            if ($snap.Parent) {
                $server = $snap.Parent

                if (-not $snap.IsDatabaseSnapshot) {
                    Stop-Function -Continue -Message "$snap on $server is not a valid snapshot"
                }

                if (-not ($snap.IsAccessible)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database $snap is not accessible on $($snap.Parent)." -Continue
                }

                $othersnaps = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName -eq $snap.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName -and $_.Name -ne $snap.Name }

                $db = $server.Databases | Where-Object Name -eq $snap.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName
                $loginfo = $db.LogFiles | Select-Object Id, Size, Growth, GrowthType

                if (($snap | Where-Object FileGroupType -eq 'FileStreamDataFileGroup')) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database $snap on $server has FileStream group(s). You cannot restore from snapshots" -Continue
                }

                if ($othersnaps -and -not $force) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The restore process for $db from $snap needs to drop other snapshots on $db. Use -Force if you want to drop these snapshots" -Continue
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Remove other db snapshots for $db")) {
                    try {
                        $null = $othersnaps | Remove-DbaDatabase -Confirm:$false -EnableException
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to remove other snapshots for $db on $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }

                # Need a proper restore now
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Restore db $db from $snap")) {
                    try {
                        if ($Force) {
                            $null = Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name, $snap.Name -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                        }

                        $null = $server.Query("USE master; RESTORE DATABASE [$($db.Name)] FROM DATABASE_SNAPSHOT='$($snap.Name)'")
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failiure attempting to restore $db on $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }

                # Comparing sizes before and after, need to refresh to see if size
                foreach ($log in $db.LogFiles) {
                    $log.Refresh()
                }

                foreach ($log in $db.LogFiles) {
                    $matching = $loginfo | Where-Object ID -eq $log.ID
                    $changeflag = 0
                    foreach ($prop in @('Size', 'Growth', 'Growth', 'GrowthType')) {
                        if ($matching.$prop -ne $log.$prop) {
                            $changeflag = 1
                            $log.$prop = $matching.$prop
                        }
                    }
                    if ($changeflag -ne 0) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Restoring original settings for log file"
                        $log.Alter()
                    }
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Restored. Remember to take a backup now, and also to remove the snapshot if not needed."
                Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Restore-DbaFromDatabaseSnapshot
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Resume-DbaAgDbDataMovement {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Resumes data movement for an availability group database on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Resumes data movement for an availability group database on a SQL Server instance.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database or databases to resume movement upon.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        The availability group where the database movement will be resumeed.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaAgDatabase

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Resume-DbaAgDbDataMovement

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Resume-DbaAgDbDataMovement -SqlInstance sql2017a -AvailabilityGroup ag1 -Database db1, db2

        Resumes data movement on db1 and db2 to ag1 on sql2017a. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance sql2017a, sql2019 | Out-GridView -Passthru | Resume-DbaAgDbDataMovement -Confirm:$false

        Resumes data movement on the selected availability group databases. Does not prompt for confirmation.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityDatabase[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance)) {
            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName AvailabilityGroup)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify one or more databases and one Availability Groups when using the SqlInstance parameter."
                return
            }
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($agdb in $InputObject) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($ag.Parent.Name, "Seting availability group $db to $($db.Parent.Name)")) {
                try {
                    $null = $agdb.ResumeDataMovement()
                    $agdb
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Revoke-DbaAgPermission {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Revokes endpoint and availability group permissions to a login.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Revokes endpoint and availability group permissions to a login.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Login
        The login or logins to modify.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        Only modify specific availability groups.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Specify type: Endpoint or AvailabilityGroup. Endpoint will modify the DatabaseMirror endpoint type.

    .PARAMETER Permission
        Revokes one or more permissions:
            Alter
            Connect
            Control
            CreateAnyDatabase
            CreateSequence
            Delete
            Execute
            Impersonate
            Insert
            Receive
            References
            Select
            Send
            TakeOwnership
            Update
            ViewChangeTracking
            ViewDefinition

        Connect is default.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaLogin.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Revoke-DbaAgPermission

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Revoke-DbaAgPermission -SqlInstance sql2017a -Type AvailabilityGroup -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint -Login ad\spservice -Permission CreateAnyDatabase

        Removes CreateAnyDatabase permissions from ad\spservice on the SharePoint availability group on sql2017a. Does not prompt for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Revoke-DbaAgPermission -SqlInstance sql2017a -Type AvailabilityGroup -AvailabilityGroup ag1, ag2 -Login ad\spservice -Permission CreateAnyDatabase -Confirm

        Removes CreateAnyDatabase permissions from ad\spservice on the ag1 and ag2 availability groups on sql2017a. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2017a | Out-GridView -Passthru | Revoke-DbaAgPermission -Type EndPoint

        Revokes the selected logins Connect permissions on the DatabaseMirroring endpoint for sql2017a.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateSet('Endpoint', 'AvailabilityGroup')]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [ValidateSet('Alter', 'Connect', 'Control', 'CreateAnyDatabase', 'CreateSequence', 'Delete', 'Execute', 'Impersonate', 'Insert', 'Receive', 'References', 'Select', 'Send', 'TakeOwnership', 'Update', 'ViewChangeTracking', 'ViewDefinition')]
        [string[]]$Permission = "Connect",
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance -and -not $Login -and -not $AvailabilityGroup) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify one or more logins when using the SqlInstance parameter."
            return
        }

        if ($Type -contains "AvailabilityGroup" -and -not $AvailabilityGroup) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify at least one availability group when using the AvailabilityGroup type."
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ($perm -contains "CreateAnyDatabase") {
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                foreach ($ag in $AvailabilityGroup) {
                    try {
                        $server.Query("ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP $ag GRANT CREATE ANY DATABASE")
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                        return
                    }
                }
            } elseif ($Login) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Login $Login
                foreach ($account in $Login) {
                    if ($account -notin $InputObject.Name) {
                        try {
                            $InputObject += New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $server -Login $account -EnableException
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                            return
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        foreach ($account in $InputObject) {
            $server = $account.Parent
            if ($Type -contains "Endpoint") {
                $server.Endpoints.Refresh()
                $endpoint = $server.Endpoints | Where-Object EndpointType -eq DatabaseMirroring

                if (-not $endpoint) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "DatabaseMirroring endpoint does not exist on $server" -Target $server -Continue
                }

                foreach ($perm in $Permission) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Revokeing $perm on $endpoint")) {
                        if ($perm -in 'CreateAnyDatabase') {
                            Stop-Function -Message "$perm not supported by endpoints" -Continue
                        }
                        try {
                            $bigperms = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ObjectPermissionSet([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ObjectPermission]::$perm)
                            $endpoint.Revoke($bigperms, $account.Name)
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                ComputerName = $account.ComputerName
                                InstanceName = $account.InstanceName
                                SqlInstance  = $account.SqlInstance
                                Name         = $account.Name
                                Permission   = $perm
                                Type         = "Revoke"
                                Status       = "Success"
                            }
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ag -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Type -contains "AvailabilityGroup") {
                $ags = Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $account.Parent -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup
                foreach ($ag in $ags) {
                    foreach ($perm in $Permission) {
                        if ($perm -notin 'Alter', 'Control', 'TakeOwnership', 'ViewDefinition') {
                            Stop-Function -Message "$perm not supported by availability groups" -Continue
                        }
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Revokeing $perm on $ags")) {
                            try {
                                $bigperms = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ObjectPermissionSet([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ObjectPermission]::$perm)
                                $ag.Revoke($bigperms, $account.Name)
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    ComputerName = $account.ComputerName
                                    InstanceName = $account.InstanceName
                                    SqlInstance  = $account.SqlInstance
                                    Name         = $account.Name
                                    Permission   = $perm
                                    Type         = "Revoke"
                                    Status       = "Success"
                                }
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ag -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Save-DbaDiagnosticQueryScript {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Save-DbaDiagnosticQueryScript downloads the most recent version of all Glenn Berry DMV scripts

    .DESCRIPTION
        The dbatools module will have the diagnostic queries pre-installed. Use this only to update to a more recent version or specific versions.

        This function is mainly used by Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery, but can also be used independently to download the Glenn Berry DMV scripts.

        Use this function to pre-download the scripts from a device with an Internet connection.

        The function Invoke-DbaDiagnosticQuery will try to download these scripts automatically, but it obviously needs an internet connection to do that.

    .PARAMETER Path
        Specifies the path to the output

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Diagnostic, DMV, Troubleshooting
        Author: Andre Kamman (@AndreKamman), http://clouddba.io

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Save-DbaDiagnosticQueryScript -Path c:\temp

        Downloads the most recent version of all Glenn Berry DMV scripts to the specified location.
        If Path is not specified, the "My Documents" location will be used.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [System.IO.FileInfo]$Path = [Environment]::GetFolderPath("mydocuments"),
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    function Get-WebData {
        param ($uri)
        try {
            try {
                $data = (Invoke-TlsWebRequest -uri $uri -ErrorAction Stop)
            } catch {
                (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials = [System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials
                $data = (Invoke-TlsWebRequest -uri $uri -ErrorAction Stop)
            }
            return $data
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Invoke-TlsWebRequest failed: $_" -Target $data -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
    }

    if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) {
        Stop-Function -Message "Path does not exist or access denied" -Target $path
        return
    }

    Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Web
    $glenberryrss = "http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/glenn/feed/"
    $glenberrysql = @()

    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Downloading RSS Feed"
    $rss = [xml](get-webdata -uri $glenberryrss)
    $Feed = $rss.rss.Channel

    $glenberrysql = @()
    $RssPostFilter = "SQL Server Diagnostic Information Queries for*"
    $DropboxLinkFilter = "*dropbox.com*"
    $LinkTitleFilter = "*Diagnostic*"

    foreach ($post in $Feed.item) {
        if ($post.title -like $RssPostFilter) {
            # We found the first post that matches it, lets go visit and scrape.
            $page = Get-WebData -uri $post.link
            $glenberrysql += ($page.Links | Where-Object { $_.href -like $DropboxLinkFilter -and $_.innerText -like $LinkTitleFilter } | ForEach-Object {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        URL        = $_.href
                        SQLVersion = $_.innerText -replace " Diagnostic Information Queries", "" -replace "SQL Server ", "" -replace ' ', ''
                        FileYear   = ($post.title -split " ")[-1]
                        FileMonth  = "{0:00}" -f [int]([CultureInfo]::InvariantCulture.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames.IndexOf(($post.title -split " ")[-2]))
                    }
                })
            break
        }
    }
    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Found $($glenberrysql.Count) documents to download"
    foreach ($doc in $glenberrysql) {
        try {
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Downloading $($doc.URL)"
            $filename = "{0}\SQLServerDiagnosticQueries_{1}_{2}.sql" -f $Path, $doc.SQLVersion, "$($doc.FileYear)$($doc.FileMonth)"
            Invoke-TlsWebRequest -Uri $doc.URL -OutFile $filename -ErrorAction Stop
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Requesting and writing file failed: $_" -Target $filename -ErrorRecord $_
            return
        }
    }
}
function Select-DbaBackupInformation {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Select a subset of backups from a dbatools backup history object

    .DESCRIPTION
        Select-DbaBackupInformation filters out a subset of backups from the dbatools backup history object with parameters supplied.

    .PARAMETER BackupHistory
        A dbatools.BackupHistory object containing backup history records

    .PARAMETER RestoreTime
        The point in time you want to restore to

    .PARAMETER IgnoreLogs
        This switch will cause Log Backups to be ignored. So will restore to the last Full or Diff backup only

    .PARAMETER IgnoreDiffs
        This switch will cause Differential backups to be ignored. Unless IgnoreLogs is specified, restore to point in time will still occur, just using all available log backups

    .PARAMETER DatabaseName
        A string array of Database Names that you want to filter to

    .PARAMETER ServerName
        A string array of Server Names that you want to filter

    .PARAMETER ContinuePoints
        The Output of Get-RestoreContinuableDatabase while provides 'Database',redo_start_lsn,'FirstRecoveryForkID' values. Used to filter backups to continue a restore on a database
        Sets IgnoreDiffs, and also filters databases to only those within the ContinuePoints object, or the ContinuePoints object AND DatabaseName if both specified

    .PARAMETER LastRestoreType
        The Output of Get-DbaDbRestoreHistory -last
        This is used to check the last type of backup to a database to see if a differential backup can be restored

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Backup, Restore
        Author:Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Select-DbaBackupInformation

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\server1\backups$
        PS C:\> $FilteredBackups = $Backups | Select-DbaBackupInformation -RestoreTime (Get-Date).AddHours(-1)

        Returns all backups needed to restore all the backups in \\server1\backups$ to 1 hour ago

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\server1\backups$
        PS C:\> $FilteredBackups = $Backups | Select-DbaBackupInformation -RestoreTime (Get-Date).AddHours(-1) -DatabaseName ProdFinance

        Returns all the backups needed to restore Database ProdFinance to an hour ago

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\server1\backups$
        PS C:\> $FilteredBackups = $Backups | Select-DbaBackupInformation -RestoreTime (Get-Date).AddHours(-1) -IgnoreLogs

        Returns all the backups in \\server1\backups$ to restore to as close prior to 1 hour ago as can be managed with only full and differential backups

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $Backups = Get-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance Server1 -Path \\server1\backups$
        PS C:\> $FilteredBackups = $Backups | Select-DbaBackupInformation -RestoreTime (Get-Date).AddHours(-1) -IgnoreDiffs

        Returns all the backups in \\server1\backups$ to restore to 1 hour ago using only Full and Diff backups.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object]$BackupHistory,
        [DateTime]$RestoreTime = (get-date).addmonths(1),
        [switch]$IgnoreLogs,
        [switch]$IgnoreDiffs,
        [string[]]$DatabaseName,
        [string[]]$ServerName,
        [object]$ContinuePoints,
        [object]$LastRestoreType,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $InternalHistory = @()
        $IgnoreFull = $false
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName ContinuePoints) -and $null -ne $ContinuePoints) {
            Write-Message -Message "ContinuePoints provided so setting up for a continue" -Level Verbose
            $IgnoreFull = $true
            $Continue = $True
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName DatabaseName) {
                $DatabaseName = $DatabaseName | Where-Object {$_ -in ($ContinuePoints | Select-Object -Property Database).Database}

                $DroppedDatabases = $DatabaseName | Where-Object {$_ -notin ($ContinuePoints | Select-Object -Property Database).Database}
                if ($null -ne $DroppedDatabases) {
                    Write-Message -Message "$($DroppedDatabases.join(',')) filtered out as not in ContinuePoints" -Level Verbose
                }
            } else {
                $DatabaseName = ($ContinuePoints | Select-Object -Property Database).Database
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        $internalHistory += $BackupHistory
    }

    end {
        ForEach ($History in $InternalHistory) {
            if ("RestoreTime" -notin $History.PSobject.Properties.name) {
                $History | Add-Member -Name 'RestoreTime' -Type NoteProperty -Value $RestoreTime
            }
        }
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName DatabaseName) -and '' -ne $DatabaseName) {
            Write-Message -Message "Filtering by DatabaseName" -Level Verbose
            #  $InternalHistory = $InternalHistory | Where-Object {$_.Database -in $DatabaseName}
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ServerName) {
            Write-Message -Message "Filtering by ServerName" -Level Verbose
            $InternalHistory = $InternalHistory | Where-Object {$_.InstanceName -in $servername}
        }

        $Databases = ($InternalHistory | Select-Object -Property Database -unique).Database
        if ($continue -and $Databases.count -gt 1 -and $DatabaseName.count -gt 1) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Cannot perform continuing restores on multiple databases with renames, exiting"
            return
        }


        ForEach ($Database in $Databases) {
            #Cope with restores renaming the db
            # $database = the name of database in the backups being scanned
            # $databasefilter = the name of the database the backups are being restore to/against
            if ($null -ne $DatabaseName) {
                $databasefilter = $DatabaseName
            } else {
                $databasefilter = $database
            }

            if ($true -eq $Continue) {
                #Test if Database is in a continuing state and the LSN to continue from:
                if ($Databasefilter -in ($ContinuePoints | Select-Object -Property Database).Database) {
                    Write-Message -Message "$Database in ContinuePoints, will attmept to continue" -Level verbose
                    $IgnoreFull = $True
                    #Check what the last backup restored was
                    if (($LastRestoreType | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $Databasefilter}).RestoreType -eq 'log') {
                        #log Backup last restored, so diffs cannot be used
                        $IgnoreDiffs = $true
                    } else {
                        #Last restore was a diff or full, so can restore diffs or logs
                        $IgnoreDiffs = $false
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Message "$Database not in ContinuePoints, will attmept normal restore" -Level Warning
                }
            }

            $dbhistory = @()
            $DatabaseHistory = $internalhistory | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $Database}
            #For a standard restore, work out the full backup
            if ($false -eq $IgnoreFull) {
                $Full = $DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.Type -in ('Full', 'Database') -and $_.Start -le $RestoreTime} | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
                if ($full.Fullname) {
                    $full.Fullname = ($DatabaseHistory | Where-Object { $_.Type -in ('Full', 'Database') -and $_.BackupSetID -eq $Full.BackupSetID }).Fullname
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Fullname property not found. This could mean that a full backup could not be found or the command must be re-run with the -Continue switch."
                    return
                }
                $dbHistory += $full
            } elseif ($true -eq $IgnoreFull -and $false -eq $IgnoreDiffs) {
                #Fake the Full backup
                Write-Message -Message "Continuing, so setting a fake full backup from the existing database"
                $Full = [PsCustomObject]@{
                    CheckpointLSN = ($ContinuePoints | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $DatabaseFilter}).differential_base_lsn
                }
            }

            if ($false -eq $IgnoreDiffs) {
                Write-Message -Message "processing diffs" -Level Verbose
                $Diff = $DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.Type -in ('Differential', 'Database Differential') -and $_.Start -le $RestoreTime -and $_.DatabaseBackupLSN -eq $Full.CheckpointLSN} | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
                if ($null -ne $Diff) {
                    if ($Diff.FullName) {
                        $Diff.FullName = ($DatabaseHistory | Where-Object { $_.Type -in ('Differential', 'Database Differential') -and $_.BackupSetID -eq $diff.BackupSetID }).Fullname
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Fullname property not found. This could mean that a full backup could not be found or the command must be re-run with the -Continue switch."
                        return
                    }
                    $dbhistory += $Diff
                }
            }

            #Sort out the LSN for the log restores
            if ($null -ne ($dbHistory | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn -Descending | select-object -First 1).lastLsn) {
                #We have history so use this
                [bigint]$LogBaseLsn = ($dbHistory | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn -Descending | select-object -First 1).lastLsn.ToString()
                $FirstRecoveryForkID = $Full.FirstRecoveryForkID
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found LogBaseLsn: $LogBaseLsn and FirstRecoveryForkID: $FirstRecoveryForkID"
            } else {
                Write-Message -Message "No full or diff, so attempting to pull from Continue informmation" -Level Verbose
                try {
                    [bigint]$LogBaseLsn = ($ContinuePoints | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $DatabaseFilter}).redo_start_lsn
                    $FirstRecoveryForkID = ($ContinuePoints | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $DatabaseFilter}).FirstRecoveryForkID
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found LogBaseLsn: $LogBaseLsn and FirstRecoveryForkID: $FirstRecoveryForkID from Continue information"
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to find LSN or RecoveryForkID for $DatabaseFilter" -Category InvalidOperation -Target $DatabaseFilter
                }
            }

            if ($true -eq $IgnoreFull -and $true -eq $IgnoreDiffs) {
                #Set a Fake starting LSN
            }

            if ($false -eq $IgnoreLogs) {
                $FilteredLogs = $DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.Type -in ('Log', 'Transaction Log') -and $_.Start -le $RestoreTime -and $_.LastLSN.ToString() -ge $LogBaseLsn -and $_.FirstLSN -ne $_.LastLSN}  | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn, FirstLsn
                $GroupedLogs = $FilteredLogs | Group-Object -Property LastLSN, FirstLSN
                ForEach ($Group in $GroupedLogs) {
                    $Log = $DatabaseHistory | Where-Object { $_.BackupSetID -eq $Group.group[0].BackupSetID } | select-object -First 1
                    if ($Log.FullName) {
                        $Log.FullName = ($DatabaseHistory | Where-Object { $_.BackupSetID -eq $Group.group[0].BackupSetID }).Fullname
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Fullname property not found. This could mean that a full backup could not be found or the command must be re-run with the -Continue switch."
                        return
                    }
                    #$dbhistory += $Log
                    $dbhistory += $DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.BackupSetID -eq $Group.group[0].BackupSetID}
                }
                # Get Last T-log
                $dbHistory += $DatabaseHistory | Where-Object {$_.Type -in ('Log', 'Transaction Log') -and $_.End -ge $RestoreTime -and $_.DatabaseBackupLSN -eq $Full.CheckpointLSN} | Sort-Object -Property LastLsn, FirstLsn  | Select-Object -First 1
            }
            $dbhistory
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaAgentAlert {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Set-DbaAgentAlert updates a the status of a SQL Agent Alert.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Set-DbaAgentAlert updates an alert in the SQL Server Agent with parameters supplied.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Alert
        The name of the alert.

    .PARAMETER NewName
        The new name for the alert.

    .PARAMETER Enabled
        Enabled the alert.

    .PARAMETER Disabled
        Disabled the alert.

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping alert objects

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Alert
        Author: Garry Bargsley (@gbargsley), garrybargsley.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAgentAlert

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentAlert -SqlInstance sql1 -Alert 'Severity 025: Fatal Error' -Disabled

        Changes the alert to disabled.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentAlert -SqlInstance sql1 -Alert 'Severity 025: Fatal Error', 'Error Number 825', 'Error Number 824' -Enabled

        Changes multiple alerts to enabled.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentAlert -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Alert 'Severity 025: Fatal Error', 'Error Number 825', 'Error Number 824' -Enabled

        Changes multiple alerts to enabled on multiple servers.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentAlert -SqlInstance sql1 -Alert 'Severity 025: Fatal Error' -Disabled -WhatIf

        Doesn't Change the alert but shows what would happen.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Alert,
        [string]$NewName,
        [switch]$Enabled,
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [switch]$Force,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Alert[]]$InputObject,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
    }
    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ((-not $InputObject) -and (-not $Alert)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify an alert name or pipe in results from another command" -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            foreach ($a in $Alert) {
                # Check if the alert exists
                if ($server.JobServer.Alerts.Name -notcontains $a) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Alert $a doesn't exists on $instance" -Target $instance
                } else {
                    # Get the alert
                    try {
                        $InputObject += $server.JobServer.Alerts[$a]

                        # Refresh the object
                        $InputObject.Refresh()
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong retrieving the alert" -Target $a -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        foreach ($currentalert in $InputObject) {
            $server = $currentalert.Parent.Parent

            #region alert options
            # Settings the options for the alert
            if ($NewName) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting alert name to $NewName" -Level Verbose
                $currentalert.Rename($NewName)
            }

            if ($Enabled) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting alert to enabled" -Level Verbose
                $currentalert.IsEnabled = $true
            }

            if ($Disabled) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting alert to disabled" -Level Verbose
                $currentalert.IsEnabled = $false
            }

            #endregion alert options

            # Execute
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Changing the alert $a")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Changing the alert" -Level Verbose

                    # Change the alert
                    $currentalert.Alter()
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the alert" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                Get-DbaAgentAlert -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object Name -eq $currentalert.name
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Set-DbaAgentJob updates a job.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Set-DbaAgentJob updates a job in the SQL Server Agent with parameters supplied.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The name of the job.

    .PARAMETER Schedule
        Schedule to attach to job. This can be more than one schedule.

    .PARAMETER ScheduleId
        Schedule ID to attach to job. This can be more than one schedule ID.

    .PARAMETER NewName
        The new name for the job.

    .PARAMETER Enabled
        Enabled the job.

    .PARAMETER Disabled
        Disabled the job

    .PARAMETER Description
        The description of the job.

    .PARAMETER StartStepId
        The identification number of the first step to execute for the job.

    .PARAMETER Category
        The category of the job.

    .PARAMETER OwnerLogin
        The name of the login that owns the job.

    .PARAMETER EventLogLevel
        Specifies when to place an entry in the Microsoft Windows application log for this job.
        Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
        The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER EmailLevel
        Specifies when to send an e-mail upon the completion of this job.
        Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
        The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER NetsendLevel
        Specifies when to send a network message upon the completion of this job.
        Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
        The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER PageLevel
        Specifies when to send a page upon the completion of this job.
        Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
        The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER EmailOperator
        The e-mail name of the operator to whom the e-mail is sent when EmailLevel is reached.

    .PARAMETER NetsendOperator
        The name of the operator to whom the network message is sent.

    .PARAMETER PageOperator
        The name of the operator to whom a page is sent.

    .PARAMETER DeleteLevel
        Specifies when to delete the job.
        Allowed values 0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always"
        The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping job objects

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAgentJob

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJob sql1 -Job Job1 -Disabled

        Changes the job to disabled

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJob sql1 -Job Job1 -OwnerLogin user1

        Changes the owner of the job

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -EventLogLevel OnSuccess

        Changes the job and sets the notification to write to the Windows Application event log on success

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -EmailLevel OnFailure -EmailOperator dba

        Changes the job and sets the notification to send an e-mail to the e-mail operator

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1, Job2, Job3 -Enabled

        Changes multiple jobs to enabled

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1, Job2, Job3 -Enabled

        Changes multiple jobs to enabled on multiple servers

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -Description 'Just another job' -Whatif

        Doesn't Change the job but shows what would happen.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job 'Job One' -Description 'Job One'

        Changes a job with the name "Job1" on multiple servers to have another description

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> sql1, sql2, sql3 | Set-DbaAgentJob -Job Job1 -Description 'Job One'

        Changes a job with the name "Job1" on multiple servers to have another description using pipe line

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$Schedule,
        [int[]]$ScheduleId,
        [string]$NewName,
        [switch]$Enabled,
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [string]$Description,
        [int]$StartStepId,
        [string]$Category,
        [string]$OwnerLogin,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$EventLogLevel,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$EmailLevel,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$NetsendLevel,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$PageLevel,
        [string]$EmailOperator,
        [string]$NetsendOperator,
        [string]$PageOperator,
        [ValidateSet(0, "Never", 1, "OnSuccess", 2, "OnFailure", 3, "Always")]
        [object]$DeleteLevel,
        [switch]$Force,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job[]]$InputObject,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Check of the event log level is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($EventLogLevel -notin 0, 1, 2, 3) -and ($null -ne $EventLogLevel)) {
            $EventLogLevel = switch ($EventLogLevel) { "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 } }
        }

        # Check of the email level is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($EmailLevel -notin 0, 1, 2, 3) -and ($null -ne $EmailLevel)) {
            $EmailLevel = switch ($EmailLevel) { "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 } }
        }

        # Check of the net send level is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($NetsendLevel -notin 0, 1, 2, 3) -and ($null -ne $NetsendLevel)) {
            $NetsendLevel = switch ($NetsendLevel) { "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 } }
        }

        # Check of the page level is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($PageLevel -notin 0, 1, 2, 3) -and ($null -ne $PageLevel)) {
            $PageLevel = switch ($PageLevel) { "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 } }
        }

        # Check of the delete level is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($DeleteLevel -notin 0, 1, 2, 3) -and ($null -ne $DeleteLevel)) {
            $DeleteLevel = switch ($DeleteLevel) { "Never" { 0 } "OnSuccess" { 1 } "OnFailure" { 2 } "Always" { 3 } }
        }

        # Check the e-mail operator name
        if (($EmailLevel -ge 1) -and (-not $EmailOperator)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please set the e-mail operator when the e-mail level parameter is set." -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }

        # Check the e-mail operator name
        if (($NetsendLevel -ge 1) -and (-not $NetsendOperator)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please set the netsend operator when the netsend level parameter is set." -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }

        # Check the e-mail operator name
        if (($PageLevel -ge 1) -and (-not $PageOperator)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please set the page operator when the page level parameter is set." -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ((-not $InputObject) -and (-not $Job)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a job name or pipe in results from another command" -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($j in $Job) {

                # Check if the job exists
                if ($server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance" -Target $instance
                } else {
                    # Get the job
                    try {
                        $InputObject += $server.JobServer.Jobs[$j]

                        # Refresh the object
                        $InputObject.Refresh()
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong retrieving the job" -Target $j -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        foreach ($currentjob in $InputObject) {
            $server = $currentjob.Parent.Parent

            #region job options
            # Settings the options for the job
            if ($NewName) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting job name to $NewName" -Level Verbose
                $currentjob.Rename($NewName)
            }

            if ($Schedule) {
                # Loop through each of the schedules
                foreach ($s in $Schedule) {
                    if ($server.JobServer.SharedSchedules.Name -contains $s) {
                        # Get the schedule ID
                        $sID = $server.JobServer.SharedSchedules[$s].ID

                        # Add schedule to job
                        Write-Message -Message "Adding schedule id $sID to job" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.AddSharedSchedule($sID)
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Schedule $s cannot be found on instance $instance" -Target $s -Continue
                    }

                }
            }

            if ($ScheduleId) {
                # Loop through each of the schedules IDs
                foreach ($sID in $ScheduleId) {
                    # Check if the schedule is
                    if ($server.JobServer.SharedSchedules.ID -contains $sID) {
                        # Add schedule to job
                        Write-Message -Message "Adding schedule id $sID to job" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.AddSharedSchedule($sID)

                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Schedule ID $sID cannot be found on instance $instance" -Target $sID -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Enabled) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting job to enabled" -Level Verbose
                $currentjob.IsEnabled = $true
            }

            if ($Disabled) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting job to disabled" -Level Verbose
                $currentjob.IsEnabled = $false
            }

            if ($Description) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting job description to $Description" -Level Verbose
                $currentjob.Description = $Description
            }

            if ($Category) {
                # Check if the job category exists
                if ($Category -notin $server.JobServer.JobCategories.Name) {
                    if ($Force) {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Creating job category on $instance")) {
                            try {
                                # Create the category
                                New-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance $instance -Category $Category

                                Write-Message -Message "Setting job category to $Category" -Level Verbose
                                $currentjob.Category = $Category
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't create job category $Category from $instance" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Job category $Category doesn't exist on $instance. Use -Force to create it." -Target $instance
                        return
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job category to $Category" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.Category = $Category
                }
            }

            if ($StartStepId) {
                # Get the job steps
                $currentjobSteps = $currentjob.JobSteps

                # Check if there are any job steps
                if ($currentjobSteps.Count -ge 1) {
                    # Check if the start step id value is one of the job steps in the job
                    if ($currentjobSteps.ID -contains $StartStepId) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job start step id to $StartStepId" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.StartStepID = $StartStepId
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Message "The step id is not present in job $j on instance $instance" -Warning
                    }

                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "There are no job steps present for job $j on instance $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }

            }

            if ($OwnerLogin) {
                # Check if the login name is present on the instance
                if ($server.Logins.Name -contains $OwnerLogin) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job owner login name to $OwnerLogin" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.OwnerLoginName = $OwnerLogin
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The given owner log in name $OwnerLogin does not exist on instance $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($EventLogLevel) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting job event log level to $EventlogLevel" -Level Verbose
                $currentjob.EventLogLevel = $EventLogLevel
            }

            if ($EmailLevel) {
                # Check if the notifiction needs to be removed
                if ($EmailLevel -eq 0) {
                    # Remove the operator
                    $currentjob.OperatorToEmail = $null

                    # Remove the notification
                    $currentjob.EmailLevel = $EmailLevel
                } else {
                    # Check if either the operator e-mail parameter is set or the operator is set in the job
                    if ($EmailOperator -or $currentjob.OperatorToEmail) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job e-mail level to $EmailLevel" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.EmailLevel = $EmailLevel
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Cannot set e-mail level $EmailLevel without a valid e-mail operator name" -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($NetsendLevel) {
                # Check if the notifiction needs to be removed
                if ($NetsendLevel -eq 0) {
                    # Remove the operator
                    $currentjob.OperatorToNetSend = $null

                    # Remove the notification
                    $currentjob.NetSendLevel = $NetsendLevel
                } else {
                    # Check if either the operator netsend parameter is set or the operator is set in the job
                    if ($NetsendOperator -or $currentjob.OperatorToNetSend) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job netsend level to $NetsendLevel" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.NetSendLevel = $NetsendLevel
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Cannot set netsend level $NetsendLevel without a valid netsend operator name" -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($PageLevel) {
                # Check if the notifiction needs to be removed
                if ($PageLevel -eq 0) {
                    # Remove the operator
                    $currentjob.OperatorToPage = $null

                    # Remove the notification
                    $currentjob.PageLevel = $PageLevel
                } else {
                    # Check if either the operator pager parameter is set or the operator is set in the job
                    if ($PageOperator -or $currentjob.OperatorToPage) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Setting job pager level to $PageLevel" -Level Verbose
                        $currentjob.PageLevel = $PageLevel
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Cannot set page level $PageLevel without a valid netsend operator name" -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            # Check the current setting of the job's email level
            if ($EmailOperator) {
                # Check if the operator name is present
                if ($server.JobServer.Operators.Name -contains $EmailOperator) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job e-mail operator to $EmailOperator" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.OperatorToEmail = $EmailOperator
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The e-mail operator name $EmailOperator does not exist on instance $instance. Exiting.." -Target $j -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($NetsendOperator) {
                # Check if the operator name is present
                if ($server.JobServer.Operators.Name -contains $NetsendOperator) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job netsend operator to $NetsendOperator" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.OperatorToNetSend = $NetsendOperator
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The netsend operator name $NetsendOperator does not exist on instance $instance. Exiting.." -Target $j -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($PageOperator) {
                # Check if the operator name is present
                if ($server.JobServer.Operators.Name -contains $PageOperator) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting job pager operator to $PageOperator" -Level Verbose
                    $currentjob.OperatorToPage = $PageOperator
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The page operator name $PageOperator does not exist on instance $instance. Exiting.." -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($DeleteLevel) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting job delete level to $DeleteLevel" -Level Verbose
                $currentjob.DeleteLevel = $DeleteLevel
            }
            #endregion job options

            # Execute
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Changing the job $j")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Changing the job" -Level Verbose

                    # Change the job
                    $currentjob.Alter()
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the job" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object Name -eq $currentjob.name
            }
        }
    }

    end {
        Write-Message -Message "Finished changing job(s)" -Level Verbose
    }
}
function Set-DbaAgentJobCategory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Set-DbaAgentJobCategory changes a job category.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Set-DbaAgentJobCategory makes it possible to change a job category.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Category
        The name of the category

    .PARAMETER NewName
        New name of the job category

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, JobCategory
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAgentJobCategory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1 -Category 'Category 1' -NewName 'Category 2'

        Change the name of the category from 'Category 1' to 'Category 2'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance sql1, sql2 -Category Category1, Category2 -NewName cat1, cat2

        Rename multiple jobs in one go on multiple servers.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string[]]$Category,
        [string[]]$NewName,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Create array list to hold the results
        $collection = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList

        # Check if multiple categories are being changed
        if ($Category.Count -gt 1 -and $NewName.Count -eq 1) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You cannot rename multiple jobs to the same name" -Target $instance
        }
    }

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Loop through each of the categories
            foreach ($cat in $Category) {
                # Check if the category exists
                if ($cat -notin $server.JobServer.JobCategories.Name) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Job category $cat doesn't exist on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                # Check if the category already exists
                if ($NewName -and ($NewName -in $server.JobServer.JobCategories.Name)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Job category $NewName already exists on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing the job category $Category")) {
                    try {
                        # Get the job category object
                        $currentCategory = $server.JobServer.JobCategories[$cat]

                        Write-Message -Message "Changing job category $cat" -Level Verbose

                        # Get and set the original and new values
                        $originalCategoryName = $currentCategory.Name
                        $newCategoryName = $null

                        # Check if the job category needs to be renamed
                        if ($NewName) {
                            $currentCategory.Rename($NewName[$Category.IndexOf($cat)])
                            $newCategoryName = $currentCategory.Name
                        }

                        Get-DbaAgentJobCategory -SqlInstance $server -Category $newCategoryName
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the job category $cat on $instance" -Target $cat -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Message "Finished changing job category." -Level Verbose
    }
}
function Set-DbaAgentJobOutputFile {
    <#
    .Synopsis
        Set the output file for a step within an Agent job.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets the Output File for a step of an agent job with the Job Names and steps provided dynamically if required

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SQLCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user be it Windows or SQL Server. Windows users are determined by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash.

    .PARAMETER Job
        The job to process - this list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Step
        The Agent Job Step to provide Output File Path for. Also available dynamically

    .PARAMETER OutputFile
        The Full Path to the New Output file

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, SqlAgent
        Author: Rob Sewell, https://sqldbawithabeard.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJobOutputFile -SqlInstance SERVERNAME -Job 'The Agent Job' -OutPutFile E:\Logs\AgentJobStepOutput.txt

        Sets the Job step for The Agent job on SERVERNAME to E:\Logs\AgentJobStepOutput.txt

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, HelpMessage = 'The SQL Server Instance',
            ValueFromPipeline,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false,
            Position = 0)]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(HelpMessage = 'SQL Credential',
            ValueFromPipeline,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Job,
        [Parameter(HelpMessage = 'The Job Step name',
            ValueFromPipeline,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true)]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object[]]$Step,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, HelpMessage = 'The Full Output File Path',
            ValueFromPipeline,
            ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
            ValueFromRemainingArguments = $false)]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$OutputFile,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
        } catch {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to: $instance"
            continue
        }

        if (!$Job) {
            # This is because jobname isn't yet required
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must specify a job using the -Job parameter."
            return
        }

        foreach ($name in $Job) {
            $currentJob = $server.JobServer.Jobs[$name]

            if ($Step) {
                $steps = $currentJob.JobSteps | Where-Object Name -in $Step

                if (!$steps) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$Step didn't return any steps"
                    return
                }
            } else {
                if (($currentJob.JobSteps).Count -gt 1) {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Which Job Step do you wish to add output file to?"
                    $steps = $currentJob.JobSteps | Out-GridView -Title "Choose the Job Steps to add an output file to" -PassThru -Verbose
                } else {
                    $steps = $currentJob.JobSteps
                }
            }

            if (!$steps) {
                $steps = $currentJob.JobSteps
            }

            foreach ($jobstep in $steps) {
                $currentoutputfile = $jobstep.OutputFileName

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Current Output File for $currentJob is $currentoutputfile"
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding $OutputFile to $jobstep for $currentJob"

                try {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($jobstep, "Changing Output File from $currentoutputfile to $OutputFile")) {
                        $jobstep.OutputFileName = $OutputFile
                        $jobstep.Alter()
                        $jobstep.Refresh()

                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Job            = $currentJob.Name
                            JobStep        = $jobstep.Name
                            OutputFileName = $currentoutputfile
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $OutputFile to $jobstep for $currentJob" -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $currentJob
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaAgentJobStep {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Set-DbaAgentJobStep updates a job step.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Set-DbaAgentJobStep updates a job step in the SQL Server Agent with parameters supplied.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The name of the job. Can be null if the the job id is being used.

    .PARAMETER StepName
        The name of the step.

    .PARAMETER NewName
        The new name for the step in case it needs to be renamed.

    .PARAMETER SubSystem
        The subsystem used by the SQL Server Agent service to execute command.
        Allowed values 'ActiveScripting','AnalysisCommand','AnalysisQuery','CmdExec','Distribution','LogReader','Merge','PowerShell','QueueReader','Snapshot','Ssis','TransactSql'

    .PARAMETER Command
        The commands to be executed by SQLServerAgent service through subsystem.

    .PARAMETER CmdExecSuccessCode
        The value returned by a CmdExec subsystem command to indicate that command executed successfully.

    .PARAMETER OnSuccessAction
        The action to perform if the step succeeds.
        Allowed values  "QuitWithSuccess" (default), "QuitWithFailure", "GoToNextStep", "GoToStep".
        The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER OnSuccessStepId
        The ID of the step in this job to execute if the step succeeds and OnSuccessAction is "GoToNextStep".

    .PARAMETER OnFailAction
        The action to perform if the step fails.
        Allowed values  "QuitWithSuccess" (default), "QuitWithFailure", "GoToNextStep", "GoToStep".
        The text value van either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER OnFailStepId
        The ID of the step in this job to execute if the step fails and OnFailAction is "GoToNextStep".

    .PARAMETER Database
        The name of the database in which to execute a Transact-SQL step. The default is 'master'.

    .PARAMETER DatabaseUser
        The name of the user account to use when executing a Transact-SQL step. The default is 'sa'.

    .PARAMETER RetryAttempts
        The number of retry attempts to use if this step fails. The default is 0.

    .PARAMETER RetryInterval
        The amount of time in minutes between retry attempts. The default is 0.

    .PARAMETER OutputFileName
        The name of the file in which the output of this step is saved.

    .PARAMETER Flag
        Sets the flag(s) for the job step.

        Flag                                    Description
        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
        AppendAllCmdExecOutputToJobHistory      Job history, including command output, is appended to the job history file.
        AppendToJobHistory                      Job history is appended to the job history file.
        AppendToLogFile                         Job history is appended to the SQL Server log file.
        AppendToTableLog                        Job history is appended to a log table.
        LogToTableWithOverwrite                 Job history is written to a log table, overwriting previous contents.
        None                                    Job history is not appended to a file.
        ProvideStopProcessEvent                 Job processing is stopped.

    .PARAMETER ProxyName
        The name of the proxy that the job step runs as.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, JobStep
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAgentJobStep

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -NewName Step2

        Changes the name of the step in "Job1" with the name Step1 to Step2

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb

        Changes the database of the step in "Job1" with the name Step1 to msdb

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1, Job2 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb

        Changes job steps in multiple jobs with the name Step1 to msdb

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1, Job2 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb

        Changes job steps in multiple jobs on multiple servers with the name Step1 to msdb

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb

        Changes the database of the step in "Job1" with the name Step1 to msdb for multiple servers

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> sql1, sql2, sql3 | Set-DbaAgentJobStep -Job Job1 -StepName Step1 -Database msdb

        Changes the database of the step in "Job1" with the name Step1 to msdb for multiple servers using pipeline

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$StepName,
        [string]$NewName,
        [ValidateSet('ActiveScripting', 'AnalysisCommand', 'AnalysisQuery', 'CmdExec', 'Distribution', 'LogReader', 'Merge', 'PowerShell', 'QueueReader', 'Snapshot', 'Ssis', 'TransactSql')]
        [string]$Subsystem,
        [string]$Command,
        [int]$CmdExecSuccessCode,
        [ValidateSet('QuitWithSuccess', 'QuitWithFailure', 'GoToNextStep', 'GoToStep')]
        [string]$OnSuccessAction,
        [int]$OnSuccessStepId,
        [ValidateSet('QuitWithSuccess', 'QuitWithFailure', 'GoToNextStep', 'GoToStep')]
        [string]$OnFailAction,
        [int]$OnFailStepId,
        [string]$Database,
        [string]$DatabaseUser,
        [int]$RetryAttempts,
        [int]$RetryInterval,
        [string]$OutputFileName,
        [ValidateSet('AppendAllCmdExecOutputToJobHistory', 'AppendToJobHistory', 'AppendToLogFile', 'LogToTableWithOverwrite', 'None', 'ProvideStopProcessEvent')]
        [string[]]$Flag,
        [string]$ProxyName,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [switch]$Force
    )

    begin {
        # Check the parameter on success step id
        if (($OnSuccessAction -ne 'GoToStep') -and ($OnSuccessStepId -ge 1)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Parameter OnSuccessStepId can only be used with OnSuccessAction 'GoToStep'." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the parameter on success step id
        if (($OnFailAction -ne 'GoToStep') -and ($OnFailStepId -ge 1)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Parameter OnFailStepId can only be used with OnFailAction 'GoToStep'." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {

            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            foreach ($j in $Job) {

                # Check if the job exists
                if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                } else {
                    # Check if the job step exists
                    if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps.Name -notcontains $StepName) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Step $StepName doesn't exists for job $j" -Target $instance -Continue
                    } else {

                        # Get the job step
                        $JobStep = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSteps[$StepName]

                        Write-Message -Message "Modifying job $j on $instance" -Level Verbose

                        #region job step options
                        # Setting the options for the job step
                        if ($NewName) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step name to $NewName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.Rename($NewName)
                        }

                        if ($Subsystem) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step subsystem to $Subsystem" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.Subsystem = $Subsystem
                        }

                        if ($Command) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step command to $Command" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.Command = $Command
                        }

                        if ($CmdExecSuccessCode) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step command exec success code to $CmdExecSuccessCode" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.CommandExecutionSuccessCode = $CmdExecSuccessCode
                        }

                        if ($OnSuccessAction) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step success action to $OnSuccessAction" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.OnSuccessAction = $OnSuccessAction
                        }

                        if ($OnSuccessStepId) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step success step id to $OnSuccessStepId" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.OnSuccessStep = $OnSuccessStepId
                        }

                        if ($OnFailAction) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step fail action to $OnFailAction" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.OnFailAction = $OnFailAction
                        }

                        if ($OnFailStepId) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step fail step id to $OnFailStepId" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.OnFailStep = $OnFailStepId
                        }

                        if ($Database) {
                            # Check if the database is present on the server
                            if ($Server.Databases.Name -contains $Database) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Setting job step database name to $Database" -Level Verbose
                                $JobStep.DatabaseName = $Database
                            } else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "The database is not present on instance $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
                            }
                        }

                        if (($DatabaseUser) -and ($Database)) {
                            # Check if the username is present in the database
                            if ($Server.Databases[$Database].Users.Name -contains $DatabaseUser) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Setting job step database username to $DatabaseUser" -Level Verbose
                                $JobStep.DatabaseUserName = $DatabaseUser
                            } else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "The database user is not present in the database $Database on instance $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
                            }
                        }

                        if ($RetryAttempts) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step retry attempts to $RetryAttempts" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.RetryAttempts = $RetryAttempts
                        }

                        if ($RetryInterval) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step retry interval to $RetryInterval" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.RetryInterval = $RetryInterval
                        }

                        if ($OutputFileName) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step output file name to $OutputFileName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.OutputFileName = $OutputFileName
                        }

                        if ($ProxyName) {
                            # Check if the proxy exists
                            if ($Server.JobServer.ProxyAccounts.Name -contains $ProxyName) {
                                Write-Message -Message "Setting job step proxy name to $ProxyName" -Level Verbose
                                $JobStep.ProxyName = $ProxyName
                            } else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "The proxy name $ProxyName doesn't exist on instance $instance." -Target $instance -Continue
                            }
                        }

                        if ($Flag.Count -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job step flag(s) to $($Flags -join ',')" -Level Verbose
                            $JobStep.JobStepFlags = $Flag
                        }
                        #region job step options

                        # Execute
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing the job step $StepName for job $j")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Message "Changing the job step $StepName for job $j" -Level Verbose

                                # Change the job step
                                $JobStep.Alter()
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the job step" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

            } # foreach object job
        } # foreach object intance
    } # process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished changing job step(s)" -Level Verbose
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaAgentSchedule {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Set-DbaAgentSchedule updates a schedule in the msdb database.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Set-DbaAgentSchedule will help update a schedule for a job. It does not attach the schedule to a job.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The name of the job that has the schedule.

    .PARAMETER ScheduleName
        The name of the schedule.

    .PARAMETER NewName
        The new name for the schedule.

    .PARAMETER Enabled
        Set the schedule to enabled.

    .PARAMETER Disabled
        Set the schedule to disabled.

    .PARAMETER FrequencyType
        A value indicating when a job is to be executed.
        Allowed values are 1, "Once", 4, "Daily", 8, "Weekly", 16, "Monthly", 32, "MonthlyRelative", 64, "AgentStart", 128 or "IdleComputer"

    .PARAMETER FrequencyInterval
        The days that a job is executed
        Allowed values are 1, "Sunday", 2, "Monday", 4, "Tuesday", 8, "Wednesday", 16, "Thursday", 32, "Friday", 64, "Saturday", 62, "Weekdays", 65, "Weekend", 127, "EveryDay".
        If 62, "Weekdays", 65, "Weekend", 127, "EveryDay" is used it overwwrites any other value that has been passed before.

    .PARAMETER FrequencySubdayType
        Specifies the units for the subday FrequencyInterval.
        Allowed values are 1, "Time", 2, "Seconds", 4, "Minutes", 8 or "Hours"

    .PARAMETER FrequencySubdayInterval
        The number of subday type periods to occur between each execution of a job.

    .PARAMETER FrequencySubdayInterval
        The number of subday type periods to occur between each execution of a job.

    .PARAMETER FrequencyRelativeInterval
        A job's occurrence of FrequencyInterval in each month, if FrequencyInterval is 32 (monthlyrelative).

    .PARAMETER FrequencyRecurrenceFactor
        The number of weeks or months between the scheduled execution of a job. FrequencyRecurrenceFactor is used only if FrequencyType is 8, "Weekly", 16, "Monthly", 32 or "MonthlyRelative".

    .PARAMETER StartDate
        The date on which execution of a job can begin.

    .PARAMETER EndDate
        The date on which execution of a job can stop.

    .PARAMETER StartTime
        The time on any day to begin execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
        Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
        Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.

    .PARAMETER EndTime
        The time on any day to end execution of a job. Format HHMMSS / 24 hour clock.
        Example: '010000' for 01:00:00 AM.
        Example: '140000' for 02:00:00 PM.

    .PARAMETER Owner
        The name of the server principal that owns the schedule. If no value is given the schedule is owned by the creator.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Force
        The force parameter will ignore some errors in the parameters and assume defaults.
        It will also remove the any present schedules with the same name for the specific job.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, JobStep
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAgentSchedule

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -ScheduleName daily -Enabled

        Changes the schedule for Job1 with the name 'daily' to enabled

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1 -ScheduleName daily -NewName weekly -FrequencyType Weekly -FrequencyInterval Monday, Wednesday, Friday

        Changes the schedule for Job1 with the name daily to have a new name weekly

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1 -Job Job1, Job2, Job3 -ScheduleName daily -StartTime '230000'

        Changes the start time of the schedule for Job1 to 11 PM for multiple jobs

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Job Job1 -ScheduleName daily -Enabled

        Changes the schedule for Job1 with the name daily to enabled on multiple servers

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> sql1, sql2, sql3 | Set-DbaAgentSchedule -Job Job1 -ScheduleName 'daily' -Enabled

        Changes the schedule for Job1 with the name 'daily' to enabled on multiple servers using pipe line

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$ScheduleName,
        [string]$NewName,
        [switch]$Enabled,
        [switch]$Disabled,
        [ValidateSet(1, "Once", 4, "Daily", 8, "Weekly", 16, "Monthly", 32, "MonthlyRelative", 64, "AgentStart", 128, "IdleComputer")]
        [object]$FrequencyType,
        [object[]]$FrequencyInterval,
        [ValidateSet(1, "Time", 2, "Seconds", 4, "Minutes", 8, "Hours")]
        [object]$FrequencySubdayType,
        [int]$FrequencySubdayInterval,
        [ValidateSet('Unused', 'First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fourth', 'Last')]
        [object]$FrequencyRelativeInterval,
        [int]$FrequencyRecurrenceFactor,
        [string]$StartDate,
        [string]$EndDate,
        [string]$StartTime,
        [string]$EndTime,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [switch]$Force
    )

    begin {

        # Check of the FrequencyType value is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($FrequencyType -notin 0, 1, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128) {
            [int]$FrequencyType = switch ($FrequencyType) { "Once" { 1 } "Daily" { 4 } "Weekly" { 8 } "Monthly" { 16 } "MonthlyRelative" { 32 } "AgentStart" { 64 } "IdleComputer" { 128 } }
        }

        # Check of the FrequencySubdayType value is of type string and set the integer value
        if ($FrequencySubdayType -notin 0, 1, 2, 4, 8) {
            [int]$FrequencySubdayType = switch ($FrequencySubdayType) { "Time" { 1 } "Seconds" { 2 } "Minutes" { 4 } "Hours" { 8 } default {0} }
        }

        # Check if the interval is valid
        if (($FrequencyType -eq 4) -and ($FrequencyInterval -lt 1 -or $FrequencyInterval -ge 365)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "The interval $FrequencyInterval needs to be higher than 1 and lower than 365 when using a daily frequency the interval." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check if the recurrence factor is set for weekly or monthly interval
        if (($FrequencyType -in 8, 16) -and $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -lt 1) {
            if ($Force) {
                $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor = 1
                Write-Message -Message "Recurrence factor not set for weekly or monthly interval. Setting it to $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor." -Level Verbose
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "The recurrence factor $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor needs to be at least on when using a weekly or monthly interval." -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }
        }

        # Check the subday interval
        if (($FrequencySubdayType -in 2, 4) -and (-not ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -or $FrequencySubdayInterval -le 59))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Subday interval $FrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 59 when subday type is 2, 'Seconds', 4 or 'Minutes'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        } elseif (($FrequencySubdayType -eq 8) -and (-not ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1 -and $FrequencySubdayInterval -le 23))) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Subday interval $FrequencySubdayInterval must be between 1 and 23 when subday type is 8 or 'Hours" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check of the FrequencyInterval value is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($null -ne $FrequencyType)) {
            # Create the interval to hold the value(s)
            [int]$Interval = 0

            # If the FrequencyInterval is set for the weekly FrequencyType
            if ($FrequencyType -eq 8) {
                # Loop through the array
                foreach ($Item in $FrequencyInterval) {
                    switch ($Item) {
                        "Sunday" { $Interval += 1 }
                        "Monday" { $Interval += 2 }
                        "Tuesday" { $Interval += 4 }
                        "Wednesday" { $Interval += 8 }
                        "Thursday" { $Interval += 16 }
                        "Friday" { $Interval += 32 }
                        "Saturday" { $Interval += 64 }
                        "Weekdays" { $Interval = 62 }
                        "Weekend" { $Interval = 65 }
                        "EveryDay" {$Interval = 127 }
                        1 { $Interval += 1 }
                        2 { $Interval += 2 }
                        4 { $Interval += 4 }
                        8 { $Interval += 8 }
                        16 { $Interval += 16 }
                        31 { $Interval += 32 }
                        64 { $Interval += 64 }
                        62 { $Interval = 62 }
                        65 { $Interval = 65 }
                        127 {$Interval = 127 }
                    }
                }
            }

            # If the FrequencyInterval is set for the relative monthly FrequencyInterval
            if ($FrequencyType -eq 32) {
                # Loop through the array
                foreach ($Item in $FrequencyInterval) {
                    switch ($Item) {
                        "Sunday" { $Interval += 1 }
                        "Monday" { $Interval += 2 }
                        "Tuesday" { $Interval += 3 }
                        "Wednesday" { $Interval += 4 }
                        "Thursday" { $Interval += 5 }
                        "Friday" { $Interval += 6 }
                        "Saturday" { $Interval += 7 }
                        "Day" { $Interval += 8 }
                        "Weekday" { $Interval += 9 }
                        "WeekendDay" { $Interval += 10 }
                        1 { $Interval += 1 }
                        2 { $Interval += 2 }
                        3 { $Interval += 3 }
                        4 { $Interval += 4 }
                        5 { $Interval += 5 }
                        6 { $Interval += 6 }
                        7 { $Interval += 7 }
                        8 { $Interval += 8 }
                        9 { $Interval += 9 }
                        10 { $Interval += 10 }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        # Check of the relative FrequencyInterval value is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($FrequencyRelativeInterval -notin 1, 2, 4, 8, 16) -and $null -ne $FrequencyRelativeInterval) {
            [int]$FrequencyRelativeInterval = switch ($FrequencyRelativeInterval) { "First" { 1 } "Second" { 2 } "Third" { 4 } "Fourth" { 8 } "Last" { 16 } "Unused" { 0 } default { 0 }}
        }

        # Check if the interval is valid
        if (($FrequencyType -eq 4) -and ($FrequencyInterval -lt 1 -or $FrequencyInterval -ge 365)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "The interval $FrequencyInterval needs to be higher than 1 and lower than 365 when using a daily frequency the interval." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Setup the regex
        $RegexDate = '(?<!\d)(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})(?:(?:(?:0[13578]|1[02])31)|(?:(?:0[1,3-9]|1[0-2])(?:29|30)))|(?:(?:(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?(?:0[48]|[2468][048]|[13579][26])|(?:(?:16|[2468][048]|[3579][26])00)))0229)|(?:(?:1[6-9]|[2-9]\d)?\d{2})(?:(?:0?[1-9])|(?:1[0-2]))(?:0?[1-9]|1\d|2[0-8]))(?!\d)'
        $RegexTime = '^(?:(?:([01]?\d|2[0-3]))?([0-5]?\d))?([0-5]?\d)$'

        # Check the start date
        if ($StartDate -and ($StartDate -notmatch $RegexDate)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Start date $StartDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the end date
        if ($EndDate -and ($EndDate -notmatch $RegexDate)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "End date $EndDate needs to be a valid date with format yyyyMMdd" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        } elseif ($EndDate -lt $StartDate) {
            Stop-Function -Message "End date $EndDate cannot be before start date $StartDate" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the start time
        if ($StartTime -and ($StartTime -notmatch $RegexTime)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Start time $StartTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Check the end time
        if ($EndTime -and ($EndTime -notmatch $RegexTime)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "End time $EndTime needs to match between '000000' and '235959'" -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        #Format dates and times
        if ($StartDate) {
            $StartDate = $StartDate.Insert(6, '-').Insert(4, '-')
        }
        if ($EndDate) {
            $EndDate = $EndDate.Insert(6, '-').Insert(4, '-')
        }
        if ($StartTime) {
            $StartTime = $StartTime.Insert(4, ':').Insert(2, ':')
        }
        if ($EndTime) {
            $EndTime = $EndTime.Insert(4, ':').Insert(2, ':')
        }
    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {

            foreach ($j in $Job) {

                # Try connecting to the instance
                try {
                    $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                # Check if the job exists
                if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs.Name -notcontains $j) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Job $j doesn't exists on $instance" -Level Warning
                } else {
                    # Check if the job schedule exists
                    if ($Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSchedules.Name -notcontains $ScheduleName) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Schedule $ScheduleName doesn't exists for job $j on $instance" -Target $instance -Continue
                    } else {
                        # Get the job schedule
                        # If for some reason the there are multiple schedules with the same name, the first on is chosen
                        $JobSchedule = $Server.JobServer.Jobs[$j].JobSchedules[$ScheduleName][0]

                        #region job step options
                        # Setting the options for the job schedule
                        if ($NewName) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule name to $NewName for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.Rename($NewName)
                        }

                        if ($Enabled) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule to enabled for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.IsEnabled = $true
                        }

                        if ($Disabled) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule to disabled for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.IsEnabled = $false
                        }

                        if ($FrequencyType -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency to $FrequencyType for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyTypes = $FrequencyType
                        }

                        if ($Interval -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency interval to $Interval for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyInterval = $Interval
                        }

                        if ($FrequencySubdayType -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency subday type to $FrequencySubdayType for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencySubDayTypes = $FrequencySubdayType
                        }

                        if ($FrequencySubdayInterval -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency subday interval to $FrequencySubdayInterval for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencySubDayInterval = $FrequencySubdayInterval
                        }

                        if (($FrequencyRelativeInterval -ge 1) -and ($FrequencyType -eq 32)) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency relative interval to $FrequencyRelativeInterval for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyRelativeIntervals = $FrequencyRelativeInterval
                        }

                        if (($FrequencyRecurrenceFactor -ge 1) -and ($FrequencyType -in 8, 16, 32)) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule frequency recurrence factor to $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.FrequencyRecurrenceFactor = $FrequencyRecurrenceFactor
                        }

                        if ($StartDate) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule start date to $StartDate for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.StartDate = $StartDate
                        }

                        if ($EndDate) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule end date to $EndDate for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.EndDate = $EndDate
                        }

                        if ($StartTime) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule start time to $StartTime for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.ActiveStartTimeOfDay = $StartTime
                        }

                        if ($EndTime) {
                            Write-Message -Message "Setting job schedule end time to $EndTime for schedule $ScheduleName" -Level Verbose
                            $JobSchedule.ActiveStartTimeOfDay = $EndTime
                        }
                        #endregion job step options

                        # Execute the query
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Changing the schedule $ScheduleName for job $j on $instance")) {
                            try {
                                # Excute the query and save the result
                                Write-Message -Message "Changing the schedule $ScheduleName for job $j" -Level Verbose

                                $JobSchedule.Alter()

                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the schedule" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                                return
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } # foreach object job
        } # foreach object instance
    } # process

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        Write-Message -Message "Finished changing the job schedule(s)" -Level Verbose
    }
}
function Set-DbaAgentServer {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Set-DbaAgentServer updates properties of a SQL Agent Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Set-DbaAgentServer updates properties in the SQL Server Server with parameters supplied.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping agent server objects

    .PARAMETER AgentLogLevel
        Specifies the agent log level.
        Allowed values 1, "Errors", 2, "Warnings", 3, "Errors, Warnings", 4, "Informational", 5, "Errors, Informational", 6, "Warnings, Informational", 7, "All"
        The text value can either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER AgentMailType
        Specifies the agent mail type.
        Allowed values 0, "SqlAgentMail", 1, "DatabaseMail"
        The text value can either be lowercase, uppercase or something in between as long as the text is correct.

    .PARAMETER AgentShutdownWaitTime
        The Agent Shutdown Wait Time value of the server agent.

    .PARAMETER DatabaseMailProfile
        The Database Mail Profile to be used. Must exists on database mail profiles.

    .PARAMETER ErrorLogFile
        Error log file location

    .PARAMETER IdleCpuDuration
        Idle CPU Duration value to be used

    .PARAMETER IdleCpuPercentage
        Idle CPU Percentage value to be used

    .PARAMETER CpuPolling
        Enable or Disable the Polling.
        Allowed values Enabled, Disabled

    .PARAMETER LocalHostAlias
        The value for Local Host Alias configuration

    .PARAMETER LoginTimeout
        The value for Login Timeout configuration

    .PARAMETER MaximumHistoryRows
        Indicates the Maximum job history log size (in rows). If you want to turn it off use the value -1

    .PARAMETER MaximumJobHistoryRows
        Indicates the Maximum job history rows per job. If you want to turn it off use the value 0

    .PARAMETER NetSendRecipient
        The Net send recipient value

    .PARAMETER ReplaceAlertTokens
        Enable or Disable the Token replacement property.
        Allowed values Enabled, Disabled

    .PARAMETER SaveInSentFolder
        Enable or Disable the copy of the sent messages is save in the Sent Items folder.
        Allowed values Enabled, Disabled

    .PARAMETER SqlAgentAutoStart
        Enable or Disable the SQL Agent Auto Start.
        Allowed values Enabled, Disabled

    .PARAMETER SqlAgentMailProfile
        The SQL Server Agent Mail Profile to be used. Must exists on database mail profiles.

    .PARAMETER SqlAgentRestart
        Enable or Disable the SQL Agent Restart.
        Allowed values Enabled, Disabled

    .PARAMETER SqlServerRestart
        Enable or Disable the SQL Server Restart.
        Allowed values Enabled, Disabled

    .PARAMETER WriteOemErrorLog
        Enable or Disable the Write OEM Error Log.
        Allowed values Enabled, Disabled

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Server
        Author: Cláudio Silva (@claudioessilva), https://claudioessilva.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAgentServer

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentServer -SqlInstance sql1 -MaximumHistoryRows 10000 -MaximumJobHistoryRows 100

        Changes the job history retention to 10000 rows with an maximum of 100 rows per job.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentServer -SqlInstance sql1 -CpuPolling Enabled

        Enable the CPU Polling configurations.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentServer -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -AgentLogLevel 'Errors, Warnings'

        Set the agent log level to Errors and Warnings on multiple servers.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgentServer -SqlInstance sql1 -CpuPolling Disabled

        Disable the CPU Polling configurations.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.JobServer[]]$InputObject,
        [ValidateSet(1, "Errors", 2, "Warnings", 3, "Errors, Warnings", 4, "Informational", 5, "Errors, Informational", 6, "Warnings, Informational", 7, "All")]
        [object]$AgentLogLevel,
        [ValidateSet(0, "SqlAgentMail", 1, "DatabaseMail")]
        [object]$AgentMailType,
        [int]$AgentShutdownWaitTime,
        [string]$DatabaseMailProfile,
        [string]$ErrorLogFile,
        [int]$IdleCpuDuration,
        [int]$IdleCpuPercentage,
        [ValidateSet("Enabled", "Disabled")]
        [string]$CpuPolling,
        [string]$LocalHostAlias,
        [int]$LoginTimeout,
        [int]$MaximumHistoryRows,
        [int]$MaximumJobHistoryRows,
        [string]$NetSendRecipient,
        [ValidateSet("Enabled", "Disabled")]
        [string]$ReplaceAlertTokens,
        [ValidateSet("Enabled", "Disabled")]
        [string]$SaveInSentFolder,
        [ValidateSet("Enabled", "Disabled")]
        [string]$SqlAgentAutoStart,
        [string]$SqlAgentMailProfile,
        [ValidateSet("Enabled", "Disabled")]
        [string]$SqlAgentRestart,
        [ValidateSet("Enabled", "Disabled")]
        [string]$SqlServerRestart,
        [ValidateSet("Enabled", "Disabled")]
        [string]$WriteOemErrorLog,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Check of the agent mail type is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($AgentMailType -notin 0, 1) -and ($null -ne $AgentMailType)) {
            $AgentMailType = switch ($AgentMailType) { "SqlAgentMail" { 0 } "DatabaseMail" { 1 } }
        }

        # Check of the agent log level is of type string and set the integer value
        if (($AgentLogLevel -notin 0, 1) -and ($null -ne $AgentLogLevel)) {
            $AgentLogLevel = switch ($AgentLogLevel) { "Errors" { 1 } "Warnings" { 2 } "Errors, Warnings" { 3 } "Informational" { 4 } "Errors, Informational" { 5 } "Warnings, Informational" { 6 } "All" { 7 } }
        }
    }
    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ((-not $InputObject) -and (-not $SqlInstance)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify an Instance or pipe in results from another command" -Target $sqlinstance
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $InputObject += $server.JobServer
            $InputObject.Refresh()
        }

        foreach ($jobServer in $InputObject) {
            $server = $jobServer.Parent

            #region job server options
            # Settings the options for the job server
            if ($AgentLogLevel) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting Agent log level to $AgentLogLevel" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.AgentLogLevel = $AgentLogLevel
            }

            if ($AgentMailType) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting Agent Mail Type to $AgentMailType" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.AgentMailType = $AgentMailType
            }

            if ($AgentShutdownWaitTime) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting Agent Shutdown Wait Time to $AgentShutdownWaitTime" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.AgentShutdownWaitTime = $AgentShutdownWaitTime
            }

            if ($DatabaseMailProfile) {
                if ($DatabaseMailProfile -in (Get-DbaDbMail -SqlInstance $server).Profiles.Name) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Setting Database Mail Profile to $DatabaseMailProfile" -Level Verbose
                    $jobServer.DatabaseMailProfile = $DatabaseMailProfile
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Message "Database mail profile not found on $server" -Level Warning
                }
            }

            if ($ErrorLogFile) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server ErrorLogFile to $ErrorLogFile" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.ErrorLogFile = $ErrorLogFile
            }

            if ($IdleCpuDuration) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server IdleCpuDuration to $IdleCpuDuration" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.IdleCpuDuration = $IdleCpuDuration
            }

            if ($IdleCpuPercentage) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server IdleCpuPercentage to $IdleCpuPercentage" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.IdleCpuPercentage = $IdleCpuPercentage
            }

            if ($CpuPolling) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server IsCpuPollingEnabled to $IsCpuPollingEnabled" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.IsCpuPollingEnabled = if ($CpuPolling -eq "Enabled") {$true} else {$false}
            }

            if ($LocalHostAlias) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server LocalHostAlias to $LocalHostAlias" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.LocalHostAlias = $LocalHostAlias
            }

            if ($LoginTimeout) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server LoginTimeout to $LoginTimeout" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.LoginTimeout = $LoginTimeout
            }

            if ($MaximumHistoryRows) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server MaximumHistoryRows to $MaximumHistoryRows" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.MaximumHistoryRows = $MaximumHistoryRows
            }

            if ($MaximumJobHistoryRows) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server MaximumJobHistoryRows to $MaximumJobHistoryRows" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.MaximumJobHistoryRows = $MaximumJobHistoryRows
            }

            if ($NetSendRecipient) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server NetSendRecipient to $NetSendRecipient" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.NetSendRecipient = $NetSendRecipient
            }

            if ($ReplaceAlertTokens) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server ReplaceAlertTokensEnabled to $ReplaceAlertTokens" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.ReplaceAlertTokens = if ($ReplaceAlertTokens -eq "Enabled") {$true} else {$false}
            }

            if ($SaveInSentFolder) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server SaveInSentFolder to $SaveInSentFolder" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.SaveInSentFolder = if ($SaveInSentFolder -eq "Enabled") {$true} else {$false}
            }

            if ($SqlAgentAutoStart) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server SqlAgentAutoStart to $SqlAgentAutoStart" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.SqlAgentAutoStart = if ($SqlAgentAutoStart -eq "Enabled") {$true} else {$false}
            }

            if ($SqlAgentMailProfile) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server SqlAgentMailProfile to $SqlAgentMailProfile" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.SqlAgentMailProfile = $SqlAgentMailProfile
            }

            if ($SqlAgentRestart) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server SqlAgentRestart to $SqlAgentRestart" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.SqlAgentRestart = if ($SqlAgentRestart -eq "Enabled") {$true} else {$false}
            }

            if ($SqlServerRestart) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server SqlServerRestart to $SqlServerRestart" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.SqlServerRestart = if ($SqlServerRestart -eq "Enabled") {$true} else {$false}
            }

            if ($WriteOemErrorLog) {
                Write-Message -Message "Setting agent server WriteOemErrorLog to $WriteOemErrorLog" -Level Verbose
                $jobServer.WriteOemErrorLog = if ($WriteOemErrorLog -eq "Enabled") {$true} else {$false}
            }

            #endregion server agent options

            # Execute
            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Changing the agent server")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Message "Changing the agent server" -Level Verbose

                    # Change the agent server
                    $jobServer.Alter()
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the agent server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                Get-DbaAgentServer -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object Name -eq $jobServer.name
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Message "Finished changing agent server(s)" -Level Verbose
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaAgListener {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets a listener property for an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets a listener property for an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

        Basically, only the port is settable at this time, so this command updates the listener port.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        The Availability Group to which a property will be changed.

    .PARAMETER Port
        Sets the port number used to communicate with the availability group.

    .PARAMETER Listener
        Modify only specific listeners.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAgListener

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgListener -SqlInstance sql2017 -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint -Port 14333

        Changes the port for the SharePoint AG Listener on sql2017. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgListener -SqlInstance sql2017 | Out-GridView -Passthru | Set-DbaAgListener -Port 1433 -Confirm:$false

        Changes the port for selected AG listeners to 1433. Does not prompt for confirmation.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [string[]]$Listener,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [int]$Port,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName AvailabilityGroup)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify one or more databases and one or more Availability Groups when using the SqlInstance parameter."
            return
        }

        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAgListener -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup -Listener $Listener
        }

        foreach ($aglistener in $InputObject) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($ag.Parent.Name, "Setting port to $Port for $($ag.Name)")) {
                try {
                    $aglistener.PortNumber = $Port
                    $aglistener.Alter()
                    $aglistener
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaAgReplica {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets the properties for a replica to an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets the properties for a replica to an availability group on a SQL Server instance.

        Automatically creates a database mirroring endpoint if required.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Replica
        The replicas to modify.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        The availability group of the replica.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityMode
        Sets the availability mode of the availability group replica. Options are: AsynchronousCommit and SynchronousCommit. SynchronousCommit is default.

    .PARAMETER FailoverMode
        Sets the failover mode of the availability group replica. Options are Automatic and Manual.

    .PARAMETER BackupPriority
        Sets the backup priority availability group replica. Default is 50.

    .PARAMETER EndpointUrl
        The endpoint URL.

     .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaAgReplica.

    .PARAMETER ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole
        Sets the connection intent modes of an Availability Replica in primary role.

    .PARAMETER ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole
        Sets the connection modes of an Availability Replica in secondary role.

    .PARAMETER ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl
        Sets the read only routing connection url for the availability replica.

    .PARAMETER SeedingMode
        Specifies how the secondary replica will be initially seeded.

        Automatic enables direct seeding. This method will seed the secondary replica over the network. This method does not require you to backup and restore a copy of the primary database on the replica.

        Manual requires you to create a backup of the database on the primary replica and manually restore that backup on the secondary replica.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAgReplica

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance sql2016 -Replica sql2016 -AvailabilityGroup SharePoint -BackupPriority 5000

        Sets the backup priority to 5000 for the sql2016 replica for the SharePoint availability group on sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance sql2016 | Out-GridView -Passthru | Set-DbaAgReplica -BackupPriority 5000

        Sets the backup priority to 5000 for the selected availability groups.
       #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Medium')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [string]$Replica,
        [ValidateSet('AsynchronousCommit', 'SynchronousCommit')]
        [string]$AvailabilityMode,
        [ValidateSet('Automatic', 'Manual', 'External')]
        [string]$FailoverMode,
        [int]$BackupPriority,
        [ValidateSet('AllowAllConnections', 'AllowReadWriteConnections')]
        [string]$ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole,
        [ValidateSet('AllowAllConnections', 'AllowNoConnections', 'AllowReadIntentConnectionsOnly')]
        [string]$ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole,
        [ValidateSet('Automatic', 'Manual')]
        [string]$SeedingMode,
        [string]$EndpointUrl,
        [string]$ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityReplica]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject) {
            if (-not $AvailabilityGroup -or -not $Replica) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify an AvailabilityGroup and replica or pipe in an availabilty group to continue."
                return
            }
        }

        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAgReplica -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup -Replica $Replica
        }

        foreach ($agreplica in $InputObject) {
            $server = $agreplica.Parent.Parent
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Modifying replica for $($agreplica.Name) named $Name")) {
                try {
                    if ($EndpointUrl) {
                        $agreplica.EndpointUrl = $EndpointUrl
                    }

                    if ($FailoverMode) {
                        $agreplica.FailoverMode = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityReplicaFailoverMode]::$FailoverMode
                    }

                    if ($AvailabilityMode) {
                        $agreplica.AvailabilityMode = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityReplicaAvailabilityMode]::$AvailabilityMode
                    }

                    if ($ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole) {
                        $agreplica.ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityReplicaConnectionModeInPrimaryRole]::$ConnectionModeInPrimaryRole
                    }

                    if ($ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole) {
                        $agreplica.ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityReplicaConnectionModeInSecondaryRole]::$ConnectionModeInSecondaryRole
                    }

                    if ($BackupPriority) {
                        $agreplica.BackupPriority = $BackupPriority
                    }

                    if ($ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl) {
                        $agreplica.ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl = $ReadonlyRoutingConnectionUrl
                    }

                    if ($SeedingMode) {
                        $agreplica.SeedingMode = $SeedingMode
                    }

                    $agreplica.Alter()
                    $agreplica

                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaAvailabilityGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets availability group properties on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets availability group properties on a SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        Only set specific availability group properties.

    .PARAMETER AllAvailabilityGroups
        Set properties for all availability group on an instance.

    .PARAMETER DtcSupportEnabled
        Enables DtcSupport.

    .PARAMETER ClusterType
        Cluster type of the Availability Group. Only supported in SQL Server 2017 and above.
        Options include: External, Wsfc or None.

    .PARAMETER AutomatedBackupPreference
        Specifies how replicas in the primary role are treated in the evaluation to pick the desired replica to perform a backup.

    .PARAMETER FailureConditionLevel
        Specifies the different conditions that can trigger an automatic failover in Availability Group.

    .PARAMETER HealthCheckTimeout
        This setting used to specify the length of time, in milliseconds, that the SQL Server resource DLL should wait for information returned by the sp_server_diagnostics stored procedure before reporting the Always On Failover Cluster Instance (FCI) as unresponsive.

        Changes that are made to the timeout settings are effective immediately and do not require a restart of the SQL Server resource.

        Defaults is 30000 (30 seconds).

    .PARAMETER BasicAvailabilityGroup
        Indicates whether the availability group is basic. Basic availability groups like pumpkin spice and uggs.

        https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/availability-groups/windows/basic-availability-groups-always-on-availability-groups

    .PARAMETER DatabaseHealthTrigger
        Indicates whether the availability group triggers the database health.

    .PARAMETER IsDistributedAvailabilityGroup
        Indicates whether the availability group is distributed.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaAvailabilityGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2016 | Set-DbaAvailabilityGroup -DtcSupportEnabled

        Enables DTC for all availability groups on sql2016

       .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2016 -AvailabilityGroup AG1 | Set-DbaAvailabilityGroup -DtcSupportEnabled:$false

        Disables DTC support for the availability group AG1

        .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2016 -AvailabilityGroup AG1 -DtcSupportEnabled:$false

        Disables DTC support for the availability group AG1
    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Medium')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [switch]$AllAvailabilityGroups,
        [switch]$DtcSupportEnabled,
        [ValidateSet('External', 'Wsfc', 'None')]
        [string]$ClusterType,
        [ValidateSet('None', 'Primary', 'Secondary', 'SecondaryOnly')]
        [string]$AutomatedBackupPreference,
        [ValidateSet('OnAnyQualifiedFailureCondition', 'OnCriticalServerErrors', 'OnModerateServerErrors', 'OnServerDown', 'OnServerUnresponsive')]
        [string]$FailureConditionLevel,
        [int]$HealthCheckTimeout,
        [switch]$BasicAvailabilityGroup,
        [switch]$DatabaseHealthTrigger,
        [switch]$IsDistributedAvailabilityGroup,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName AvailabilityGroup, AllAvailabilityGroups)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify AllAvailabilityGroups groups or AvailabilityGroups when using the SqlInstance parameter."
            return
        }
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup
        }
        $props = "Name", "AutomatedBackupPreference", "BasicAvailabilityGroup", "ClusterType", "DatabaseHealthTrigger", "DtcSupportEnabled", "FailureConditionLevel", "HealthCheckTimeout", "IsDistributedAvailabilityGroup"

        foreach ($ag in $InputObject) {
            try {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($ag.Parent.Name, "Seting properties on $ag")) {
                    foreach ($prop in $props) {
                        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName $prop) {
                            $ag.$prop = (Get-Variable -Name $prop -ValueOnly)
                        }
                    }
                    $ag.Alter()
                    $ag
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaCmConnection {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Configures a connection object for use in remote computer management.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Configures a connection object for use in remote computer management.
        This function will either create new records for computers that have no connection registered so far, or it will configure existing connections if already present.

        As such it can be handy in making bulk-edits on connections or manually adjusting some settings.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The computer to build the connection object for.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        The credential to register.

    .PARAMETER UseWindowsCredentials
        Whether using the default windows credentials is legit.
        Not setting this will not exclude using windows credentials, but only not pre-confirm them as working.

    .PARAMETER OverrideExplicitCredential
        Setting this will enable the credential override.
        The override will cause the system to ignore explicitly specified credentials, so long as known, good credentials are available.

    .PARAMETER OverrideConnectionPolicy
        Setting this will configure the connection policy override.
        By default, global configurations enforce, which connection type is available at all and which is disabled.

    .PARAMETER DisabledConnectionTypes
        Explicitly disable connection types.
        These types will then not be used for connecting to the computer.

    .PARAMETER DisableBadCredentialCache
        Will prevent the caching of credentials if set to true.

    .PARAMETER DisableCimPersistence
        Will prevent Cim-Sessions to be reused.

    .PARAMETER DisableCredentialAutoRegister
        Will prevent working credentials from being automatically cached

    .PARAMETER EnableCredentialFailover
        Will enable automatic failing over to known to work credentials, when using bad credentials.
        By default, passing bad credentials will cause the Computer Management functions to interrupt with a warning (Or exception if in silent mode).

    .PARAMETER WindowsCredentialsAreBad
        Will prevent the windows credentials of the currently logged on user from being used for the remote connection.

    .PARAMETER CimWinRMOptions
        Specify a set of options to use when connecting to the target computer using CIM over WinRM.
        Use 'New-CimSessionOption' to create such an object.

    .PARAMETER CimDCOMOptions
        Specify a set of options to use when connecting to the target computer using CIM over DCOM.
        Use 'New-CimSessionOption' to create such an object.

    .PARAMETER AddBadCredential
        Adds credentials to the bad credential cache.
        These credentials will not be used when connecting to the target remote computer.

    .PARAMETER RemoveBadCredential
        Removes credentials from the bad credential cache.

    .PARAMETER ClearBadCredential
        Clears the cache of credentials that didn't worked.
        Will be applied before adding entries to the credential cache.

    .PARAMETER ClearCredential
        Clears the cache of credentials that worked.
        Will be applied before adding entries to the credential cache.

    .PARAMETER ResetCredential
        Resets all credential-related caches:
        - Clears bad credential cache
        - Removes last working credential
        - Un-Confirms the windows credentials as working
        - Un-Confirms the windows credentials as not working

        Automatically implies the parameters -ClearCredential and -ClearBadCredential. Using them together is redundant.
        Will be applied before adding entries to the credential cache.

    .PARAMETER ResetConnectionStatus
        Restores all connection status to default, as if no connection protocol had ever been tested.

    .PARAMETER ResetConfiguration
        Restores the configuration back to system default.
        Configuration elements are the basic behavior controlling settings, such as whether to cache bad credentials, etc.
        These can be configured globally using the dbatools configuration system and overridden locally on a per-connection basis.
        For a list of all available settings, use "Get-DbatoolsConfig -Module ComputerManagement".

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ComputerManagement, CIM
        Author: Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/set-DbaCmConnection

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmConnection sql2014 | Set-DbaCmConnection -ClearBadCredential -UseWindowsCredentials

        Retrieves the already existing connection to sql2014, removes the list of not working credentials and configures it to default to the credentials of the logged on user.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmConnection | Set-DbaCmConnection -RemoveBadCredential $cred

        Removes the credentials stored in $cred from all connections' list of "known to not work" credentials.
        Handy to update changes in privilege.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmConnection | Export-Clixml .\connections.xml
        PS C:\> Import-Clixml .\connections.xml | Set-DbaCmConnection -ResetConfiguration

        At first, the current cached connections are stored in an xml file. At a later time - possibly in the profile when starting the console again - those connections are imported again and applied again to the connection cache.

        In this example, the configuration settings will also be reset, since after re-import those will be set to explicit, rather than deriving them from the global settings.
        In many cases, using the default settings is desirable. For specific settings, use New-DbaCmConnection as part of the profile in order to explicitly configure a connection.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = 'Credential')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter[]]
        $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Windows")]
        [switch]
        $UseWindowsCredentials,

        [switch]
        $OverrideExplicitCredential,

        [switch]
        $OverrideConnectionPolicy,

        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnectionType]
        $DisabledConnectionTypes = 'None',

        [switch]
        $DisableBadCredentialCache,

        [switch]
        $DisableCimPersistence,

        [switch]
        $DisableCredentialAutoRegister,

        [switch]
        $EnableCredentialFailover,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Credential")]
        [switch]
        $WindowsCredentialsAreBad,

        [Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.Options.WSManSessionOptions]
        $CimWinRMOptions,

        [Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.Options.DComSessionOptions]
        $CimDCOMOptions,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential[]]
        $AddBadCredential,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential[]]
        $RemoveBadCredential,

        [switch]
        $ClearBadCredential,

        [switch]
        $ClearCredential,

        [switch]
        $ResetCredential,

        [switch]
        $ResetConnectionStatus,

        [switch]
        $ResetConfiguration,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Starting execution"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        $disable_cache = Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -Name 'ComputerManagement.Cache.Disable.All' -Fallback $false
    }
    process {
        foreach ($connectionObject in $ComputerName) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName), "Setting Connection")) {
                if (-not $connectionObject.Success) { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to interpret computername input: $($connectionObject.InputObject)" -Category InvalidArgument -Target $connectionObject.InputObject -Continue }
                Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing computer: $($connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName)"

                $connection = $connectionObject.Connection

                if ($ResetConfiguration) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resetting the configuration to system default"

                    $connection.RestoreDefaultConfiguration()
                }

                if ($ResetConnectionStatus) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resetting the connection status"

                    $connection.CimRM = 'Unknown'
                    $connection.CimDCOM = 'Unknown'
                    $connection.Wmi = 'Unknown'
                    $connection.PowerShellRemoting = 'Unknown'

                    $connection.LastCimRM = New-Object System.DateTime(0)
                    $connection.LastCimDCOM = New-Object System.DateTime(0)
                    $connection.LastWmi = New-Object System.DateTime(0)
                    $connection.LastPowerShellRemoting = New-Object System.DateTime(0)
                }

                if ($ResetCredential) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resetting credentials"

                    $connection.KnownBadCredentials.Clear()
                    $connection.Credentials = $null
                    $connection.UseWindowsCredentials = $false
                    $connection.WindowsCredentialsAreBad = $false
                } else {
                    if ($ClearBadCredential) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Clearing bad credentials"

                        $connection.KnownBadCredentials.Clear()
                        $connection.WindowsCredentialsAreBad = $false
                    }

                    if ($ClearCredential) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Clearing credentials"

                        $connection.Credentials = $null
                        $connection.UseWindowsCredentials = $false
                    }
                }

                foreach ($badCred in $RemoveBadCredential) {
                    $connection.RemoveBadCredential($badCred)
                }

                foreach ($badCred in $AddBadCredential) {
                    $connection.AddBadCredential($badCred)
                }

                if (Test-Bound "Credential") { $connection.Credentials = $Credential }
                if ($UseWindowsCredentials) {
                    $connection.Credentials = $null
                    $connection.UseWindowsCredentials = $UseWindowsCredentials
                }
                if (Test-Bound "OverrideExplicitCredential") { $connection.OverrideExplicitCredential = $OverrideExplicitCredential }
                if (Test-Bound "DisabledConnectionTypes") { $connection.DisabledConnectionTypes = $DisabledConnectionTypes }
                if (Test-Bound "DisableBadCredentialCache") { $connection.DisableBadCredentialCache = $DisableBadCredentialCache }
                if (Test-Bound "DisableCimPersistence") { $connection.DisableCimPersistence = $DisableCimPersistence }
                if (Test-Bound "DisableCredentialAutoRegister") { $connection.DisableCredentialAutoRegister = $DisableCredentialAutoRegister }
                if (Test-Bound "EnableCredentialFailover") { $connection.DisableCredentialAutoRegister = $EnableCredentialFailover }
                if (Test-Bound "WindowsCredentialsAreBad") { $connection.WindowsCredentialsAreBad = $WindowsCredentialsAreBad }
                if (Test-Bound "CimWinRMOptions") { $connection.CimWinRMOptions = $CimWinRMOptions }
                if (Test-Bound "CimDCOMOptions") { $connection.CimDCOMOptions = $CimDCOMOptions }
                if (Test-Bound "OverrideConnectionPolicy") { $connection.OverrideConnectionPolicy = $OverrideConnectionPolicy }

                if (-not $disable_cache) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Writing connection to cache"
                    [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$connectionObject.Connection.ComputerName] = $connection
                } else { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping writing to cache, since the cache has been disabled!" }
                $connection
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Write-Message -Level InternalComment -Message "Stopping execution"
    }
}
function Set-DbaDbCompatibility {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets the compatibility level for SQL Server databases.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets the current database compatibility level for all databases on a server or list of databases passed in to the function.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database or databases to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER TargetCompatibility
        The target compatibility level version. This is an int and follows Microsoft's versioning:

        9 = SQL Server 2005
        10 = SQL Server 2008
        11 = SQL Server 2012
        12 = SQL Server 2014
        13 = SQL Server 2016
        14 = SQL Server 2017
        15 = SQL Server 2019

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase)

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts for confirmation of every step. For example:

        Are you sure you want to perform this action?
        Performing the operation "Update database" on target "pubs on SQL2016\VNEXT".
        [Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "Y"):

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Compatibility, Database
        Author: Garry Bargsley, http://blog.garrybargsley.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDbCompatibility

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbCompatibility -SqlInstance localhost\sql2017

        Changes database compatibility level for all user databases on server localhost\sql2017 that have a Compatibility level that do not match

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbCompatibility -SqlInstance localhost\sql2017 -TargetCompatibility 12

        Changes database compatibility level for all user databases on server localhost\sql2017 to Version120

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbCompatibility -SqlInstance localhost\sql2017 -Database Test -TargetCompatibility 12

        Changes database compatibility level for database Test on server localhost\sql2017 to Version 120
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [ValidateSet(9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)]
        [int]$TargetCompatibility,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {

        if (Test-Bound -not 'SqlInstance', 'InputObject') {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must specify either a SQL instance or pipe a database collection"
            continue
        }

        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            $server = $db.Parent
            $ServerVersion = $server.VersionMajor
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server is using Version: $ServerVersion"

            $ogcompat = $db.CompatibilityLevel
            $dbversion = switch ($ogcompat) {
                "Version100" { 10 } # SQL Server 2008
                "Version110" { 11 } # SQL Server 2012
                "Version120" { 12 } # SQL Server 2014
                "Version130" { 13 } # SQL Server 2016
                "Version140" { 14 } # SQL Server 2017
                "Version150" { 15 } # SQL Server 2019
                default { 9 } # SQL Server 2005
            }

            if (-not $TargetCompatibility) {
                if ($dbversion -lt $ServerVersion) {
                    If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Updating $db version from $dbversion to $ServerVersion")) {
                        $comp = $ServerVersion * 10
                        $sql = "ALTER DATABASE $db SET COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = $comp"
                        try {
                            $db.ExecuteNonQuery($sql)
                            $db.Refresh()
                            Get-DbaDbCompatibility -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to change Compatibility Level" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Updating $db version from $dbversion to $TargetCompatibility")) {
                    $comp = $TargetCompatibility * 10
                    $sql = "ALTER DATABASE $db SET COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = $comp"
                    try {
                        $db.ExecuteNonQuery($sql)
                        $db.Refresh()
                        Get-DbaDbCompatibility -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to change Compatibility Level" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaDbCompression {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets tables and indexes with preferred compression setting.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function sets the appropriate compression recommendation, determined either by using the Tiger Team's query or set to the CompressionType parameter.

        Remember Uptime is critical for the Tiger Team query, the longer uptime, the more accurate the analysis is.
        You would probably be best if you utilized Get-DbaUptime first, before running this command.

        Set-DbaDbCompression script derived from GitHub and the tigertoolbox
        (https://github.com/Microsoft/tigertoolbox/tree/master/Evaluate-Compression-Gains)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER CompressionType
        Control the compression type applied. Default is 'Recommended' which uses the Tiger Team query to use the most appropriate setting per object. Other option is to compress all objects to either Row or Page.

    .PARAMETER MaxRunTime
        Will continue to alter tables and indexes for the given amount of minutes.

    .PARAMETER PercentCompression
        Will only work on the tables/indexes that have the calculated savings at and higher for the given number provided.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Takes the output of Test-DbaDbCompression as an object and applied compression based on those recommendations.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Compression, Table, Database
        Author: Jason Squires (@js_0505), [email protected]

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDbCompression

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance localhost -MaxRunTime 60 -PercentCompression 25

        Set the compression run time to 60 minutes and will start the compression of tables/indexes that have a difference of 25% or higher between current and recommended.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -Database DBName -CompressionType Page

        Utilizes Page compression for all objects in DBName on ServerA with no time limit.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -Database DBName -PercentCompression 25 | Out-GridView

        Will compress tables/indexes within the specified database that would show any % improvement with compression and with no time limit. The results will be piped into a nicely formatted GridView.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $testCompression = Test-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -Database DBName
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -Database DBName -InputObject $testCompression

        Gets the compression suggestions from Test-DbaDbCompression into a variable, this can then be reviewed and passed into Set-DbaDbCompression.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -ExcludeDatabase Database -SqlCredential $cred -MaxRunTime 60 -PercentCompression 25

        Set the compression run time to 60 minutes and will start the compression of tables/indexes for all databases except the specified excluded database. Only objects that have a difference of 25% or higher between current and recommended will be compressed.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = 'Server1','Server2'
        PS C:\> foreach ($svr in $servers) {
        >> Set-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance $svr -MaxRunTime 60 -PercentCompression 25 | Export-Csv -Path C:\temp\CompressionAnalysisPAC.csv -Append
        >> }

        Set the compression run time to 60 minutes and will start the compression of tables/indexes across all listed servers that have a difference of 25% or higher between current and recommended. Output of command is exported to a csv.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [ValidateSet("Recommended", "Page", "Row", "None")]$CompressionType = "Recommended",
        [int]$MaxRunTime = 0,
        [int]$PercentCompression = 0,
        $InputObject,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        $starttime = Get-Date
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $Server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0

            #The reason why we do this is because of SQL 2016 and they now allow for compression on standard edition.
            if ($server.EngineEdition -notmatch 'Enterprise' -and $server.VersionMajor -lt '13') {
                Stop-Function -Message "Only SQL Server Enterprise Edition supports compression on $server" -Target $server -Continue
            }
            try {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0}
                if ($Database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Database }
                }
                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $_.Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to gather list of databases for $instance" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Querying $instance - $db"
                    if ($db.status -ne 'Normal' -or $db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$db is not accessible" -Target $db
                        continue
                    }
                    if ($db.CompatibilityLevel -lt 'Version100') {
                        Stop-Function -Message "$db has a compatibility level lower than Version100 and will be skipped." -Target $db -Continue
                    }
                    if ($CompressionType -eq "Recommended") {
                        if (Test-Bound "InputObject") {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using passed in compression suggestions"
                            $compressionSuggestion = $InputObject | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $db.name}
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing database for compression suggestions for $instance.$db"
                            $compressionSuggestion = Test-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to query $instance - $db" -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }

                try {
                    if ($CompressionType -eq "Recommended") {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Applying suggested compression using results from Test-DbaDbCompression")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Applying suggested compression settings using Test-DbaDbCompression"
                            $results += $compressionSuggestion | Select-Object *, @{l = 'AlreadyProcessed'; e = {"False"}}
                            foreach ($obj in ($results | Where-Object {$_.CompressionTypeRecommendation -notin @('NO_GAIN', '?') -and $_.PercentCompression -ge $PercentCompression} | Sort-Object PercentCompression -Descending)) {
                                if ($MaxRunTime -ne 0 -and ($(get-date) - $starttime).TotalMinutes -ge $MaxRunTime) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reached max run time of $MaxRunTime"
                                    break
                                }
                                if ($obj.indexId -le 1) {
                                    ##heaps and clustered indexes
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Applying $($obj.CompressionTypeRecommendation) compression to $($obj.Database).$($obj.Schema).$($obj.TableName)"
                                    $($server.Databases[$obj.Database].Tables[$obj.TableName, $obj.Schema].PhysicalPartitions | Where-Object {$_.PartitionNumber -eq $obj.Partition}).DataCompression = $($obj.CompressionTypeRecommendation)
                                    $server.Databases[$obj.Database].Tables[$obj.TableName, $($obj.Schema)].Rebuild()
                                    $obj.AlreadyProcessed = "True"
                                } else {
                                    ##nonclustered indexes
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Applying $($obj.CompressionTypeRecommendation) compression to $($obj.Database).$($obj.Schema).$($obj.TableName).$($obj.IndexName)"
                                    $($server.Databases[$obj.Database].Tables[$obj.TableName, $obj.Schema].Indexes[$obj.IndexName].PhysicalPartitions | Where-Object {$_.PartitionNumber -eq $obj.Partition}).DataCompression = $($obj.CompressionTypeRecommendation)
                                    $server.Databases[$obj.Database].Tables[$obj.TableName, $obj.Schema].Indexes[$obj.IndexName].Rebuild()
                                    $obj.AlreadyProcessed = "True"
                                }
                                $obj
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Applying $CompressionType compression")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Applying $CompressionType compression to all objects in $($db.name)"
                            foreach ($obj in $server.Databases[$($db.name)].Tables | Where-Object {!$_.IsMemoryOptimized}) {
                                if ($MaxRunTime -ne 0 -and ($(get-date) - $starttime).TotalMinutes -ge $MaxRunTime) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reached max run time of $MaxRunTime"
                                    break
                                }
                                foreach ($p in $($obj.PhysicalPartitions | Where-Object {$_.DataCompression -notin ($CompressionType, 'ColumnStore', 'ColumnStoreArchive')})) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Compressing table $($obj.Schema).$($obj.Name)"
                                    $($obj.PhysicalPartitions | Where-Object {$_.PartitionNumber -eq $P.PartitionNumber}).DataCompression = $CompressionType
                                    $obj.Rebuild()
                                    [pscustomobject]@{
                                        ComputerName                  = $server.ComputerName
                                        InstanceName                  = $server.ServiceName
                                        SqlInstance                   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                        Database                      = $db.Name
                                        Schema                        = $obj.Schema
                                        TableName                     = $obj.Name
                                        IndexName                     = $null
                                        Partition                     = $p.PartitionNumber
                                        IndexID                       = 0
                                        IndexType                     = Switch ($obj.HasHeapIndex) {$false {"ClusteredIndex"} $true {"Heap"}}
                                        PercentScan                   = $null
                                        PercentUpdate                 = $null
                                        RowEstimatePercentOriginal    = $null
                                        PageEstimatePercentOriginal   = $null
                                        CompressionTypeRecommendation = $CompressionType.ToUpper()
                                        SizeCurrent                   = $null
                                        SizeRequested                 = $null
                                        PercentCompression            = $null
                                        AlreadyProcessed              = "True"
                                    }
                                }

                                foreach ($index in $($obj.Indexes | Where-Object {!$_.IsMemoryOptimized -and $_.IndexType -notmatch 'Columnstore'})) {
                                    if ($MaxRunTime -ne 0 -and ($(get-date) - $starttime).TotalMinutes -ge $MaxRunTime) {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Reached max run time of $MaxRunTime"
                                        break
                                    }
                                    foreach ($p in $($index.PhysicalPartitions | Where-Object {$_.DataCompression -ne $CompressionType})) {
                                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Compressing $($Index.IndexType) $($Index.Name) Partition $($p.PartitionNumber)"

                                        ## There is a bug in SMO where setting compression to None at the index level doesn't work
                                        ## Once this UserVoice item is fixed the workaround can be removed
                                        ## https://feedback.azure.com/forums/908035-sql-server/suggestions/34080112-data-compression-smo-bug
                                        if ($CompressionType -eq "None") {
                                            $query = "ALTER INDEX [$($index.Name)] ON $($index.Parent) REBUILD PARTITION = ALL WITH (DATA_COMPRESSION = $CompressionType)"
                                            $Server.Query($query, $db.Name)
                                        } else {
                                            $($Index.PhysicalPartitions | Where-Object {$_.PartitionNumber -eq $P.PartitionNumber}).DataCompression = $CompressionType
                                            $index.Rebuild()
                                        }

                                        [pscustomobject]@{
                                            ComputerName                  = $server.ComputerName
                                            InstanceName                  = $server.ServiceName
                                            SqlInstance                   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                            Database                      = $db.Name
                                            Schema                        = $obj.Schema
                                            TableName                     = $obj.Name
                                            IndexName                     = $index.Name
                                            Partition                     = $p.PartitionNumber
                                            IndexID                       = $index.Id
                                            IndexType                     = $index.IndexType
                                            PercentScan                   = $null
                                            PercentUpdate                 = $null
                                            RowEstimatePercentOriginal    = $null
                                            PageEstimatePercentOriginal   = $null
                                            CompressionTypeRecommendation = $CompressionType.ToUpper()
                                            SizeCurrent                   = $null
                                            SizeRequested                 = $null
                                            PercentCompression            = $null
                                            AlreadyProcessed              = "True"
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            foreach ($index in $($server.Databases[$($db.name)].Views | Where-Object {$_.Indexes}).Indexes) {
                                foreach ($p in $($index.PhysicalPartitions | Where-Object {$_.DataCompression -ne $CompressionType})) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Compressing $($index.IndexType) $($index.Name) Partition $($p.PartitionNumber)"

                                    ## There is a bug in SMO where setting compression to None at the index level doesn't work
                                    ## Once this UserVoice item is fixed the workaround can be removed
                                    ## https://feedback.azure.com/forums/908035-sql-server/suggestions/34080112-data-compression-smo-bug
                                    if ($CompressionType -eq "None") {
                                        $query = "ALTER INDEX [$($index.Name)] ON $($index.Parent) REBUILD PARTITION = ALL WITH (DATA_COMPRESSION = $CompressionType)"
                                        $query
                                        $Server.Query($query, $db.Name)
                                    } else {
                                        $($index.PhysicalPartitions | Where-Object {$_.PartitionNumber -eq $P.PartitionNumber}).DataCompression = $CompressionType
                                        $index.Rebuild()
                                    }

                                    [pscustomobject]@{
                                        ComputerName                  = $server.ComputerName
                                        InstanceName                  = $server.ServiceName
                                        SqlInstance                   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                        Database                      = $db.Name
                                        Schema                        = $obj.Schema
                                        TableName                     = $obj.Name
                                        IndexName                     = $index.Name
                                        Partition                     = $p.PartitionNumber
                                        IndexID                       = $index.Id
                                        IndexType                     = $index.IndexType
                                        PercentScan                   = $null
                                        PercentUpdate                 = $null
                                        RowEstimatePercentOriginal    = $null
                                        PageEstimatePercentOriginal   = $null
                                        CompressionTypeRecommendation = $CompressionType.ToUpper()
                                        SizeCurrent                   = $null
                                        SizeRequested                 = $null
                                        PercentCompression            = $null
                                        AlreadyProcessed              = "True"
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Compression failed for $instance - $db" -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaDbMirror {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets properties of database mirrors.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets properties of database mirrors.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function
        to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The target database.

    .PARAMETER Partner
        Sets the partner fqdn.

    .PARAMETER Witness
        Sets the witness fqdn.

    .PARAMETER SafetyLevel
        Sets the mirroring safety level.

    .PARAMETER State
        Sets the mirror state.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaDatabase.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Mirror, HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDbMirror

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbMirror -SqlInstance sql2005 -Database dbatools -Partner TCP://SQL2008.ad.local:5374

        Prompts for confirmation then sets the partner to TCP://SQL2008.ad.local:5374 for the database "dbtools"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbMirror -SqlInstance sql2005 -Database dbatools -Witness TCP://SQL2012.ad.local:5502 -Confirm:$false

        Does not prompt for confirmation and sets the witness to TCP://SQL2012.ad.local:5502 for the database "dbtools"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2005 | Out-GridView -PassThru | Set-DbaDbMirror -SafetyLevel Full -Confirm:$false

        Sets the safety level to Full for databases selected from a grid view. Does not prompt for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbMirror -SqlInstance sql2005 -Database dbatools -State Suspend -Confirm:$false

        Does not prompt for confirmation and sets the state to suspend for the database "dbtools"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string]$Partner,
        [string]$Witness,
        [ValidateSet('Full', 'Off', 'None')]
        [string]$SafetyLevel,
        [ValidateSet('ForceFailoverAndAllowDataLoss', 'Failover', 'RemoveWitness', 'Resume', 'Suspend', 'Off')]
        [string]$State,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Database is required when SqlInstance is specified"
            return
        }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            try {
                if ($Partner) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Parent.Name, "Setting partner on $db")) {
                        # use t-sql cuz $db.Alter() doesnt always work against restoring dbs
                        $db.Parent.Query("ALTER DATABASE $db SET PARTNER = N'$Partner'")
                    }
                } elseif ($Witness) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Parent.Name, "Setting witness on $db")) {
                        $db.Parent.Query("ALTER DATABASE $db SET WITNESS = N'$Witness'")
                    }
                }

                if ($SafetyLevel) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Parent.Name, "Changing safety level to $SafetyLevel on $db")) {
                        $db.Parent.Query("ALTER DATABASE $db SET PARTNER SAFETY $SafetyLevel")
                        # $db.MirroringSafetyLevel = $SafetyLevel
                    }
                }

                if ($State) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db.Parent.Name, "Changing mirror state to $State on $db")) {
                        $db.ChangeMirroringState($State)
                        $db.Alter()
                        $db
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaDbOwner {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets database owners with a desired login if databases do not match that owner.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function will alter database ownership to match a specified login if their current owner does not match the target login. By default, the target login will be 'sa', but the function will allow the user to specify a different login for  ownership. The user can also apply this to all databases or only to a select list of databases (passed as either a comma separated list or a string array).

        Best Practice reference: http://weblogs.sqlteam.com/dang/archive/2008/01/13/Database-Owner-Troubles.aspx

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER TargetLogin
        Specifies the login that you wish check for ownership. This defaults to 'sa' or the sysadmin name if sa was renamed. This must be a valid security principal which exists on the target server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Owner, DbOwner
        Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDbOwner

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbOwner -SqlInstance localhost

        Sets database owner to 'sa' on all databases where the owner does not match 'sa'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbOwner -SqlInstance localhost -TargetLogin DOMAIN\account

        Sets the database owner to DOMAIN\account on all databases where the owner does not match DOMAIN\account.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbOwner -SqlInstance sqlserver -Database db1, db2

        Sets database owner to 'sa' on the db1 and db2 databases if their current owner does not match 'sa'.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias("Login")]
        [string]$TargetLogin,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # dynamic sa name for orgs who have changed their sa name
            if (!$TargetLogin) {
                $TargetLogin = ($server.logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
            }

            #Validate login
            if (($server.Logins.Name) -notcontains $TargetLogin) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$TargetLogin is not a valid login on $instance. Moving on." -Continue -EnableException $EnableException
            }

            #Owner cannot be a group
            $TargetLoginObject = $server.Logins | where-object {$PSItem.Name -eq $TargetLogin }| Select-Object -property  Name, LoginType
            if ($TargetLoginObject.LoginType -eq 'WindowsGroup') {
                Stop-Function -Message "$TargetLogin is a group, therefore can't be set as owner. Moving on." -Continue -EnableException $EnableException
            }

            #Get database list. If value for -Database is passed, massage to make it a string array.
            #Otherwise, use all databases on the instance where owner not equal to -TargetLogin
            #use where owner and target login do not match
            #exclude system dbs
            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsAccessible -and $_.Owner -ne $TargetLogin -and @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution') -notcontains $_.Name}

            #filter collection based on -Databases/-Exclude parameters
            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $($dbs.Count) database(s)."
            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                $dbname = $db.name
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Setting database owner for $dbname to $TargetLogin")) {
                    try {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting database owner for $dbname to $TargetLogin on $instance."
                        # Set database owner to $TargetLogin (default 'sa')
                        # Ownership validations checks

                        #Database is online and accessible
                        if ($db.Status -notmatch 'Normal') {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$dbname on $instance is in a  $($db.Status) state and can not be altered. It will be skipped."
                        }
                        #Database is updatable, not read-only
                        elseif ($db.IsUpdateable -eq $false) {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$dbname on $instance is not in an updateable state and can not be altered. It will be skipped."
                        }
                        #Is the login mapped as a user? Logins already mapped in the database can not be the owner
                        elseif ($db.Users.name -contains $TargetLogin) {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$dbname on $instance has $TargetLogin as a mapped user. Mapped users can not be database owners."
                        } else {
                            $db.SetOwner($TargetLogin)
                            [PSCustomObject]@{
                                ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                                Database     = $db
                                Owner        = $TargetLogin
                            }
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure updating owner." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Set-DbaDatabaseOwner
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Set-DbaDbQueryStoreOption {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Configure Query Store settings for a specific or multiple databases.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Configure Query Store settings for a specific or multiple databases.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        SqlCredential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER AllDatabases
        Run command against all user databases

    .PARAMETER State
        Set the state of the Query Store. Valid options are "ReadWrite", "ReadOnly" and "Off".

    .PARAMETER FlushInterval
        Set the flush to disk interval of the Query Store in seconds.

    .PARAMETER CollectionInterval
        Set the runtime statistics collection interval of the Query Store in minutes.

    .PARAMETER MaxSize
        Set the maximum size of the Query Store in MB.

    .PARAMETER CaptureMode
        Set the query capture mode of the Query Store. Valid options are "Auto" and "All".

    .PARAMETER CleanupMode
        Set the query cleanup mode policy. Valid options are "Auto" and "Off".

    .PARAMETER StaleQueryThreshold
        Set the stale query threshold in days.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts for confirmation of every step. For example:

        Are you sure you want to perform this action?
        Performing the operation "Changing Desired State" on target "pubs on SQL2016\VNEXT".
        [Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "Y"):

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: QueryStore
        Author: Enrico van de Laar (@evdlaar)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaQueryStoreOptions

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbQueryStoreOption -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL -State ReadWrite -FlushInterval 600 -CollectionInterval 10 -MaxSize 100 -CaptureMode All -CleanupMode Auto -StaleQueryThreshold 100 -AllDatabases

        Configure the Query Store settings for all user databases in the ServerA\SQL Instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbQueryStoreOption -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL -FlushInterval 600

        Only configure the FlushInterval setting for all Query Store databases in the ServerA\SQL Instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbQueryStoreOption -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL -Database AdventureWorks -State ReadWrite -FlushInterval 600 -CollectionInterval 10 -MaxSize 100 -CaptureMode all -CleanupMode Auto -StaleQueryThreshold 100

        Configure the Query Store settings for the AdventureWorks database in the ServerA\SQL Instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbQueryStoreOption -SqlInstance ServerA\SQL -Exclude AdventureWorks -State ReadWrite -FlushInterval 600 -CollectionInterval 10 -MaxSize 100 -CaptureMode all -CleanupMode Auto -StaleQueryThreshold 100

        Configure the Query Store settings for all user databases except the AdventureWorks database in the ServerA\SQL Instance.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [ValidateSet('ReadWrite', 'ReadOnly', 'Off')]
        [string[]]$State,
        [int64]$FlushInterval,
        [int64]$CollectionInterval,
        [int64]$MaxSize,
        [ValidateSet('Auto', 'All')]
        [string[]]$CaptureMode,
        [ValidateSet('Auto', 'Off')]
        [string[]]$CleanupMode,
        [int64]$StaleQueryThreshold,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $ExcludeDatabase += 'master', 'tempdb'
    }

    process {
        if (!$Database -and !$ExcludeDatabase -and !$AllDatabases) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a database(s) to execute against using either -Database, -ExcludeDatabase or -AllDatabases"
            return
        }

        if (!$State -and !$FlushInterval -and !$CollectionInterval -and !$MaxSize -and !$CaptureMode -and !$CleanupMode -and !$StaleQueryThreshold) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify something to change."
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 13

            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $instance. Moving on." -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # We have to exclude all the system databases since they cannot have the Query Store feature enabled
            $dbs = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase -Database $Database | Where-Object IsAccessible

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $($db.name) on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The database $db on server $instance is not accessible. Skipping database."
                    continue
                }

                if ($State) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing DesiredState to $state")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.DesiredState = $State
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.Alter()
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.Refresh()
                    }
                }

                if ($db.QueryStoreOptions.DesiredState -eq "Off" -and (Test-Bound -Parameter State -Not)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "State is set to Off; cannot change values. Please update State to ReadOnly or ReadWrite."
                    continue
                }

                if ($FlushInterval) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing DataFlushIntervalInSeconds to $FlushInterval")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.DataFlushIntervalInSeconds = $FlushInterval
                    }
                }

                if ($CollectionInterval) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing StatisticsCollectionIntervalInMinutes to $CollectionInterval")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.StatisticsCollectionIntervalInMinutes = $CollectionInterval
                    }
                }

                if ($MaxSize) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing MaxStorageSizeInMB to $MaxSize")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.MaxStorageSizeInMB = $MaxSize
                    }
                }

                if ($CaptureMode) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing QueryCaptureMode to $CaptureMode")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.QueryCaptureMode = $CaptureMode
                    }
                }

                if ($CleanupMode) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing SizeBasedCleanupMode to $CleanupMode")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.SizeBasedCleanupMode = $CleanupMode
                    }
                }

                if ($StaleQueryThreshold) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Changing StaleQueryThresholdInDays to $StaleQueryThreshold")) {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.StaleQueryThresholdInDays = $StaleQueryThreshold
                    }
                }

                # Alter the Query Store Configuration
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Altering Query Store configuration on database")) {
                    try {
                        $db.QueryStoreOptions.Alter()
                        $db.Alter()
                        $db.Refresh()
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not modify configuration." -Category InvalidOperation -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                    }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "Getting results from Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOption")) {
                    # Display resulting changes
                    Get-DbaDbQueryStoreOption -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.name -Verbose:$false
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Set-DbaDbQueryStoreOptions
    }
}
function Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel sets the Recovery Model.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel sets the Recovery Model for user databases.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. if unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER AllDatabases
        This is a parameter that was included for safety, so you don't accidentally set options on all databases without specifying

    .PARAMETER RecoveryModel
        Recovery Model to be set. Valid options are 'Simple', 'Full', 'BulkLogged'

        Details about the recovery models can be found here:
        https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/backup-restore/recovery-models-sql-server

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts for confirmation. For example:

        Are you sure you want to perform this action?
        Performing the operation "ALTER DATABASE [model] SET RECOVERY Full" on target "[model] on WERES14224".
        [Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "Y"):

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase)

    .NOTES
        Tags: RecoveryModel, Database
        Author: Viorel Ciucu (@viorelciucu), https://www.cviorel.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2014 -RecoveryModel BulkLogged -Database model -Confirm:$true -Verbose

        Sets the Recovery Model to BulkLogged for database [model] on SQL Server instance sql2014. User is requested to confirm the action.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2014 -Database TestDB | Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel -RecoveryModel Simple  -Confirm:$false

        Sets the Recovery Model to Simple for database [TestDB] on SQL Server instance sql2014. Confirmation is not required.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2014 -RecoveryModel Simple -Database TestDB -Confirm:$false

        Sets the Recovery Model to Simple for database [TestDB] on SQL Server instance sql2014. Confirmation is not required.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2014 -RecoveryModel Simple -AllDatabases -Confirm:$false

        Sets the Recovery Model to Simple for ALL uses databases MODEL database on SQL Server instance sql2014. Runs without asking for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2014 -RecoveryModel BulkLogged -Database TestDB1, TestDB2 -Confirm:$false -Verbose

        Sets the Recovery Model to BulkLogged for [TestDB1] and [TestDB2] databases on SQL Server instance sql2014. Runs without asking for confirmation.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateSet('Simple', 'Full', 'BulkLogged')]
        [string]$RecoveryModel,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Pipeline")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (!$Database -and !$AllDatabases -and !$ExcludeDatabase) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify -AllDatabases or -Database to continue"
                return
            }

            # We need to be able to change the RecoveryModel for model database
            $systemdbs = @("tempdb")
            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $systemdbs -notcontains $_.Name -and $_.IsAccessible }

            # filter collection based on -Database/-Exclude parameters
            if ($Database) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if (!$databases) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The database(s) you specified do not exist on the instance $instance."
                return
            }

            $InputObject += $databases
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            if ($db.RecoveryModel -eq $RecoveryModel) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Recovery Model for database $db is already set to $RecoveryModel" -Category ConnectionError -Target $instance -Continue
            } else {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$db on $instance", "ALTER DATABASE $db SET RECOVERY $RecoveryModel")) {
                    $db.RecoveryModel = $RecoveryModel
                    $db.Alter()
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Recovery Model set to $RecoveryModel for database $db"
                }
            }
            Get-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance $db.Parent -Database $db.name
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Set-DbaDbState {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets various options for databases, hereby called "states"

    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets some common "states" on databases:
        - "RW" options (ReadOnly, ReadWrite)
        - "Status" options (Online, Offline, Emergency, plus a special "Detached")
        - "Access" options (SingleUser, RestrictedUser, MultiUser)

        Returns an object with SqlInstance, Database, RW, Status, Access, Notes

        Notes gets filled when something went wrong setting the state

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. if unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER AllDatabases
        This is a parameter that was included for safety, so you don't accidentally set options on all databases without specifying

    .PARAMETER ReadOnly
        RW Option : Sets the database as READ_ONLY

    .PARAMETER ReadWrite
        RW Option : Sets the database as READ_WRITE

    .PARAMETER Online
        Status Option : Sets the database as ONLINE

    .PARAMETER Offline
        Status Option : Sets the database as OFFLINE

    .PARAMETER Emergency
        Status Option : Sets the database as EMERGENCY

    .PARAMETER Detached
        Status Option : Detaches the database

    .PARAMETER SingleUser
        Access Option : Sets the database as SINGLE_USER

    .PARAMETER RestrictedUser
        Access Option : Sets the database as RESTRICTED_USER

    .PARAMETER MultiUser
        Access Option : Sets the database as MULTI_USER

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER Force
        For most options, this translates to instantly rolling back any open transactions
        that may be stopping the process.
        For -Detached it is required to break mirroring and Availability Groups

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts piped database objects

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, State
        Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphold)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDbState

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -Offline

        Sets the HR database as OFFLINE

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -AllDatabases -Exclude HR -ReadOnly -Force

        Sets all databases of the sqlserver2014a instance, except for HR, as READ_ONLY

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sql2016 | Where-Object Status -eq 'Offline' | Set-DbaDbState -Online

        Finds all offline databases and sets them to online

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -SingleUser

        Sets the HR database as SINGLE_USER

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -SingleUser -Force

        Sets the HR database as SINGLE_USER, dropping all other connections (and rolling back open transactions)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR | Set-DbaDbState -SingleUser -Force

        Gets the databases from Get-DbaDatabase, and sets them as SINGLE_USER, dropping all other connections (and rolling back open transactions)

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName, ParameterSetName = "Server")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]
        $SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [switch]$ReadOnly,
        [switch]$ReadWrite,
        [switch]$Online,
        [switch]$Offline,
        [switch]$Emergency,
        [switch]$Detached,
        [switch]$SingleUser,
        [switch]$RestrictedUser,
        [switch]$MultiUser,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Database")]
        [PsCustomObject[]]$InputObject
    )

    begin {
        function Get-WrongCombo($optset, $allparams) {
            $x = 0
            foreach ($opt in $optset) {
                if ($allparams.ContainsKey($opt)) { $x += 1 }
            }
            if ($x -gt 1) {
                $msg = $optset -Join ',-'
                $msg = "You can only specify one of: -" + $msg
                throw $msg
            }
        }

        function Edit-DatabaseState($sqlinstance, $dbname, $opt, $immediate = $false) {
            $warn = $null
            $sql = "ALTER DATABASE [$dbname] SET $opt"
            if ($immediate) {
                $sql += " WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE"
            } else {
                $sql += " WITH NO_WAIT"
            }
            try {
                Write-Message -Level System -Message $sql
                if ($immediate) {
                    # this can be helpful only for SINGLE_USER databases
                    # but since $immediate is called, it does no more harm
                    # than the immediate rollback
                    $sqlinstance.KillAllProcesses($dbname)
                }
                $null = $sqlinstance.Query($sql)
            } catch {
                $warn = "Failed to set '$dbname' to $opt"
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $warn
            }
            return $warn
        }

        $StatusHash = @{
            'Offline'       = 'OFFLINE'
            'Normal'        = 'ONLINE'
            'EmergencyMode' = 'EMERGENCY'
        }

        function Get-DbState($databaseName, $dbStatuses) {
            $base = $dbStatuses | Where-Object DatabaseName -ceq $databaseName
            foreach ($status in $StatusHash.Keys) {
                if ($base.Status -match $status) {
                    $base.Status = $StatusHash[$status]
                    break
                }
            }
            return $base
        }

        $RWExclusive = @('ReadOnly', 'ReadWrite')
        $StatusExclusive = @('Online', 'Offline', 'Emergency', 'Detached')
        $AccessExclusive = @('SingleUser', 'RestrictedUser', 'MultiUser')
        $allparams = $PSBoundParameters
        try {
            Get-WrongCombo -optset $RWExclusive -allparams $allparams
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message $_
            return
        }
        try {
            Get-WrongCombo -optset $StatusExclusive -allparams $allparams
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message $_
            return
        }
        try {
            Get-WrongCombo -optset $AccessExclusive -allparams $allparams
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message $_
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        $dbs = @()
        if (!$Database -and !$AllDatabases -and !$InputObject -and !$ExcludeDatabase) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -AllDatabases or -Database to continue"
            return
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            if ($InputObject.Database) {
                # comes from Get-DbaDbState
                $dbs += $InputObject.Database
            } elseif ($InputObject.Name) {
                # comes from Get-DbaDatabase
                $dbs += $InputObject
            }
        } else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
                $all_dbs = $server.Databases
                $dbs += $all_dbs | Where-Object { @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution') -notcontains $_.Name }

                if ($database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $database -contains $_.Name }
                }
                if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name }
                }
            }
        }

        # need to pick up here
        foreach ($db in $dbs) {
            if ($db.Name -in @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution')) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is a system one, skipping"
                Continue
            }
            $dbStatuses = @{}
            $server = $db.Parent
            if ($server -notin $dbStatuses.Keys) {
                $dbStatuses[$server] = Get-DbaDbState -SqlInstance $server
            }

            # normalizing properties returned by SMO to something more "fixed"
            $db_status = Get-DbState -DatabaseName $db.Name -dbStatuses $dbStatuses[$server]


            $warn = @()

            if ($db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName.Length -gt 0) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is a snapshot, skipping"
                Continue
            }

            if ($ReadOnly -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.RW -eq 'READ_ONLY') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already READ_ONLY"
                } else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to READ_ONLY")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to READ_ONLY"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "READ_ONLY" -immediate $Force
                        $warn += $partial
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.RW = 'READ_ONLY'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($ReadWrite -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.RW -eq 'READ_WRITE') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already READ_WRITE"
                } else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to READ_WRITE")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to READ_WRITE"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "READ_WRITE" -immediate $Force
                        $warn += $partial
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.RW = 'READ_WRITE'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Online -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Status -eq 'ONLINE') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already ONLINE"
                } else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to ONLINE")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to ONLINE"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "ONLINE" -immediate $Force
                        $warn += $partial
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Status = 'ONLINE'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Offline -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Status -eq 'OFFLINE') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already OFFLINE"
                } else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to OFFLINE")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to OFFLINE"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "OFFLINE" -immediate $Force
                        $warn += $partial
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Status = 'OFFLINE'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Emergency -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Status -eq 'EMERGENCY') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already EMERGENCY"
                } else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to EMERGENCY")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to EMERGENCY"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "EMERGENCY" -immediate $Force
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Status = 'EMERGENCY'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($SingleUser -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Access -eq 'SINGLE_USER') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already SINGLE_USER"
                } else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to SINGLE_USER")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $db to SINGLE_USER"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "SINGLE_USER" -immediate $Force
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Access = 'SINGLE_USER'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($RestrictedUser -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Access -eq 'RESTRICTED_USER') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already RESTRICTED_USER"
                } else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to RESTRICTED_USER")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $db to RESTRICTED_USER"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "RESTRICTED_USER" -immediate $Force
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Access = 'RESTRICTED_USER'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($MultiUser -eq $true) {
                if ($db_status.Access -eq 'MULTI_USER') {
                    Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already MULTI_USER"
                } else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to MULTI_USER")) {
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $db to MULTI_USER"
                        $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "MULTI_USER" -immediate $Force
                        if (!$partial) {
                            $db_status.Access = 'MULTI_USER'
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Detached -eq $true) {
                # Refresh info about database state here (before detaching)
                $db.Refresh()
                # we need to see what snaps are on the server, as base databases cannot be dropped
                $snaps = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName.Length -gt 0 }
                $snaps = $snaps.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName | Get-Unique
                if ($db.Name -in $snaps) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db has snapshots, you need to drop them before detaching, skipping..."
                    Continue
                }
                if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled -eq $true -or $db.AvailabilityGroupName.Length -gt 0) {
                    if ($Force -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Needs -Force to detach $db, skipping"
                        Continue
                    }
                }

                if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Break mirroring for $db")) {
                        try {
                            $db.ChangeMirroringState([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MirroringOption]::Off)
                            $db.Alter()
                            $db.Refresh()
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Broke mirroring for $db"
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not break mirror for $db. Skipping." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ($db.AvailabilityGroupName) {
                    $agname = $db.AvailabilityGroupName
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Removing $db from AG [$agname]")) {
                        try {
                            $server.AvailabilityGroups[$db.AvailabilityGroupName].AvailabilityDatabases[$db.Name].Drop()
                            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Successfully removed $db from AG [$agname] on $server"
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove $db from AG [$agname] on $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                # DBA 101 should encourage detaching just OFFLINE databases
                # we can do that here
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Detaching $db")) {
                    if ($db_status.Status -ne 'OFFLINE') {
                        $null = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "OFFLINE" -immediate $true
                    }
                    try {
                        $sql = "EXEC master.dbo.sp_detach_db N'$($db.Name)'"
                        Write-Message -Level System -Message $sql
                        $null = $server.Query($sql)
                        $db_status.Status = 'DETACHED'
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to detach $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                        $warn += "Failed to detach"
                    }

                }

            }
            if ($warn) {
                $warn = $warn | Get-Unique
                $warn = $warn -Join ';'
            } else {
                $warn = $null
            }
            if ($Detached -eq $true) {
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    DatabaseName = $db.Name
                    RW           = $db_status.RW
                    Status       = $db_status.Status
                    Access       = $db_status.Access
                    Notes        = $warn
                    Database     = $db
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Database
            } else {
                $db.Refresh()
                if ($null -eq $warn) {
                    # we avoid reenumerating properties
                    $newstate = $db_status
                } else {
                    $newstate = Get-DbState -databaseName $db.Name -dbStatuses $stateCache[$server]
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    DatabaseName = $db.Name
                    RW           = $newstate.RW
                    Status       = $newstate.Status
                    Access       = $newstate.Access
                    Notes        = $warn
                    Database     = $db
                } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Database
            }
        }

    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Set-DbaDatabaseState
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaEndpoint {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets endpoint properties on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets endpoint properties on a SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Owner
        Change the endpoint owner.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Change the endpoint type. Options: DatabaseMirroring, ServiceBroker, Soap, TSql

    .PARAMETER Endpoint
        Only set specific endpoint properties.

    .PARAMETER AllEndpoints
        Set all endpoint properties on an instance.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-Endpoint.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Endpoint
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaEndpoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance sql2016 -AllEndpoints -Owner sa

        Sets all endpoint owners to sa on sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance sql2016 -Endpoint ep1 | Set-DbaEndpoint -Type TSql

        Changes the endpoint type to tsql on endpoint ep1

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$EndPoint,
        [string]$Owner,
        [ValidateSet('DatabaseMirroring', 'ServiceBroker', 'Soap', 'TSql')]
        [string]$Type,
        [switch]$AllEndpoints,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Endpoint[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -And (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Endpoint, AllEndpoints)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify AllEndpoints or Endpoint when using the SqlInstance parameter."
            return
        }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -EndPoint $Endpoint
        }

        $props = "Owner", "Type"
        foreach ($ep in $InputObject) {
            try {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($ep.Parent.Name, "Seting properties on $ep")) {
                    foreach ($prop in $props) {
                        if ($prop -eq "Type") {
                            $realprop = "EndpointType"
                            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName $prop) {
                                $ep.$realprop = (Get-Variable -Name $prop -ValueOnly)
                            }
                        } elseif (Test-Bound -ParameterName $prop) {
                            $ep.$prop = (Get-Variable -Name $prop -ValueOnly)
                        }
                    }
                    $ep.Alter()
                    $ep
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaErrorLogConfig {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Set the configuration for the ErrorLog on a given SQL Server instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets the number of log files configured on all versions, and size in KB in SQL Server 2012+ and above.

        To set the Path to the ErrorLog, use Set-DbaStartupParameter -ErrorLog. Note that this command requires
        remote, administrative access to the Windows/WMI server, similar to SQL Configuration Manager.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER LogCount
        Integer value between 6 and 99 for setting the number of error log files to keep for SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER LogSize
        Integer value for the size in KB that you want the error log file to grow. This is feature only in SQL Server 2012 and higher. When the file reaches that limit SQL Server will roll the error log over.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Instance, ErrorLog
        Author: Shawn Melton (@wsmelton), https://wsmelton.github.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaErrorLogConfig

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaErrorLogConfig -SqlInstance sql2017,sql2014 -LogCount 25

        Sets the number of error log files to 25 on sql2017 and sql2014

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaErrorLogConfig -SqlInstance sql2014 -LogSize 102400

        Sets the size of the error log file, before it rolls over, to 102400 KB (100 MB) on sql2014

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaErrorLogConfig -SqlInstance sql2012 -LogCount 25 -LogSize 500

        Sets the number of error log files to 25 and size before it will roll over to 500 KB on sql2012

    #>
    [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param(
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName, Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [ValidateRange(6, 99)]
        [int]$LogCount,
        [int]$LogSize,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $currentNumLogs = $server.NumberOfLogFiles
            $currentLogSize = $server.ErrorLogSizeKb

            $collection = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                LogCount     = $currentNumLogs
                LogSize      = [dbasize]($currentLogSize * 1024)
            }
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'LogSize') {
                if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 11) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Size is cannot be set on $instance. SQL Server 2008 R2 and below not supported." -Continue
                }
                if ($LogSize -eq $currentLogSize) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The provided value for LogSize is already set to $LogSize KB on $instance"
                } else {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Updating log size from [$currentLogSize] to [$LogSize]")) {
                        try {
                            $server.ErrorLogSizeKb = $LogSize
                            $server.Alter()
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue setting number of log files on $instance" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Output final results of setting error log size")) {
                        $server.Refresh()
                        $collection.LogSize = [dbasize]($server.ErrorLogSizeKb * 1024)
                    }
                }
            }

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'LogCount') {
                if ($LogCount -eq $currentNumLogs) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "The provided value for LogCount is already set to $LogCount on $instance"
                } else {
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Setting number of logs from [$currentNumLogs] to [$LogCount]")) {
                        try {
                            $server.NumberOfLogFiles = $LogCount
                            $server.Alter()
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue setting number of log files on $instance" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException -Continue
                        }
                    }
                    if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Output final results of setting number of log files")) {
                        $server.Refresh()
                        $collection.LogCount = $server.NumberOfLogFiles
                    }
                }
            }
            $collection
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaJobOwner {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets SQL Agent job owners with a desired login if jobs do not match that owner.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function alters SQL Agent Job ownership to match a specified login if their current owner does not match the target login. By default, the target login will be 'sa',
        but the the user may specify a different login for ownership. This be applied to all jobs or only to a select collection of jobs.

        Best practice reference: http://sqlmag.com/blog/sql-server-tip-assign-ownership-jobs-sysadmin-account

        If the 'sa' account was renamed, the new name will be used.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        Specifies the job(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
        Specifies the job(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piped input from Get-DbaAgentJob

    .PARAMETER Login
        Specifies the login that you wish check for ownership. This defaults to 'sa' or the sysadmin name if sa was renamed. This must be a valid security principal which exists on the target server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job
        Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaJobOwner

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaJobOwner -SqlInstance localhost

        Sets SQL Agent Job owner to sa on all jobs where the owner does not match sa.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaJobOwner -SqlInstance localhost -Login DOMAIN\account

        Sets SQL Agent Job owner to 'DOMAIN\account' on all jobs where the owner does not match 'DOMAIN\account'. Note
        that Login must be a valid security principal that exists on the target server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaJobOwner -SqlInstance localhost -Job job1, job2

        Sets SQL Agent Job owner to 'sa' on the job1 and job2 jobs if their current owner does not match 'sa'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sqlserver','sql2016' | Set-DbaJobOwner

        Sets SQL Agent Job owner to sa on all jobs where the owner does not match sa on both sqlserver and sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance vmsql | Where-Object OwnerLoginName -eq login1 | Set-DbaJobOwner -TargetLogin login2 | Out-Gridview

        Sets SQL Agent Job owner to login2 where their current owner is login1 on instance vmsql. Send result to gridview.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Jobs")]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias("TargetLogin")]
        [string]$Login,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            #Get job list. If value for -Job is passed, massage to make it a string array.
            #Otherwise, use all jobs on the instance where owner not equal to -TargetLogin
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathering jobs to update."

            if ($Job) {
                $jobcollection = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object {$Job -contains $_.Name}
            } else {
                $jobcollection = $server.JobServer.Jobs
            }

            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobcollection = $jobcollection | Where-Object { $ExcludeJob -notcontains $_.Name }
            }

            $InputObject += $jobcollection
        }

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating $($InputObject.Count) job(s)."
        foreach ($agentJob in $InputObject) {
            $jobname = $agentJob.Name
            $server = $agentJob.Parent.Parent

            if (-not $Login) {
                # dynamic sa name for orgs who have changed their sa name
                $newLogin = ($server.logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
            } else {
                $newLogin = $Login
            }

            #Validate login
            if ($agentJob.OwnerLoginName -eq $newLogin) {
                $status = 'Skipped'
                $notes = "Owner already set"
            } else {
                if (($server.Logins.Name) -notcontains $newLogin) {
                    $status = 'Failed'
                    $notes = "Login $newLogin not valid"
                } else {
                    if ($server.logins[$newLogin].LoginType -eq 'WindowsGroup') {
                        $status = 'Failed'
                        $notes = "$newLogin is a Windows Group and can not be a job owner."
                    } else {
                        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Setting job owner for $jobname to $newLogin")) {
                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting job owner for $jobname to $newLogin on $instance."
                                #Set job owner to $TargetLogin (default 'sa')
                                $agentJob.OwnerLoginName = $newLogin
                                $agentJob.Alter()
                                $status = 'Succesful'
                                $notes = ''
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Issue setting job owner on $jobName." -Target $jobName -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Category InvalidOperation
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJob -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -value $server.ComputerName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJob -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -value $server.ServiceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJob -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -value $server.DomainInstanceName
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJob -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Status -value $status
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $agentJob -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Notes -value $notes
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $agentJob -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Name, Category, OwnerLoginName, Status, Notes
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaLogin {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Set-DbaLogin makes it possible to make changes to one or more logins.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Set-DbaLogin will enable you to change the password, unlock, rename, disable or enable, deny or grant login privileges to the login. It's also possible to add or remove server roles from the login.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Login
        The login that needs to be changed

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        The new password for the login This can be either a credential or a secure string.

    .PARAMETER Unlock
        Switch to unlock an account. This will only be used in conjunction with the -SecurePassword parameter.
        The default is false.

    .PARAMETER MustChange
        Does the user need to change his/her password. This will only be used in conjunction with the -SecurePassword parameter.
        The default is false.

    .PARAMETER NewName
        The new name for the login.

    .PARAMETER Disable
        Disable the login

    .PARAMETER Enable
        Enable the login

    .PARAMETER DenyLogin
        Deny access to SQL Server

    .PARAMETER GrantLogin
        Grant access to SQL Server

    .PARAMETER PasswordPolicyEnforced
        Should the password policy be enforced.

    .PARAMETER AddRole
        Add one or more server roles to the login
        The following roles can be used "bulkadmin", "dbcreator", "diskadmin", "processadmin", "public", "securityadmin", "serveradmin", "setupadmin", "sysadmin".

    .PARAMETER RemoveRole
        Remove one or more server roles to the login
        The following roles can be used "bulkadmin", "dbcreator", "diskadmin", "processadmin", "public", "securityadmin", "serveradmin", "setupadmin", "sysadmin".

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows logins to be piped in from Get-DbaLogin

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Login
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaLogin

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $SecurePassword = ConvertTo-SecureString "PlainTextPassword" -AsPlainText -Force
        PS C:\> $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("username", $SecurePassword)
        PS C:\> Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1 -SecurePassword $cred -Unlock -MustChange

        Set the new password for login1 using a credential, unlock the account and set the option
        that the user must change password at next logon.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1 -Enable

        Enable the login

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1, login2, login3, login4 -Enable

        Enable multiple logins

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1, sql2, sql3 -Login login1, login2, login3, login4 -Enable

        Enable multiple logins on multiple instances

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1 -Disable

        Disable the login

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1 -DenyLogin

        Deny the login to connect to the instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1 -GrantLogin

        Grant the login to connect to the instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1 -PasswordPolicyEnforced

        Enforces the password policy on a login

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login login1 -PasswordPolicyEnforced:$false

        Disables enforcement of the password policy on a login

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login test -AddRole serveradmin

        Add the server role "serveradmin" to the login

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login test -RemoveRole bulkadmin

        Remove the server role "bulkadmin" to the login

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $login = Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login test
        PS C:\> $login | Set-DbaLogin -Disable

        Disable the login from the pipeline

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "", Justification = "For Parameter Password")]
    param (
        [Alias('ServerInstance', 'SqlServer')]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [Alias("Password")]
        [object]$SecurePassword, #object so that it can accept credential or securestring
        [switch]$Unlock,
        [switch]$MustChange,
        [string]$NewName,
        [switch]$Disable,
        [switch]$Enable,
        [switch]$DenyLogin,
        [switch]$GrantLogin,
        [switch]$PasswordPolicyEnforced,
        [ValidateSet('bulkadmin', 'dbcreator', 'diskadmin', 'processadmin', 'public', 'securityadmin', 'serveradmin', 'setupadmin', 'sysadmin')]
        [string[]]$AddRole,
        [ValidateSet('bulkadmin', 'dbcreator', 'diskadmin', 'processadmin', 'public', 'securityadmin', 'serveradmin', 'setupadmin', 'sysadmin')]
        [string[]]$RemoveRole,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Check the parameters
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName 'SqlInstance') -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'Login' -Not)) {
            Stop-Function -Message 'You must specify a Login when using SqlInstance'
        }

        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName 'NewName') -and $Login -eq $NewName) {
            Stop-Function -Message 'Login name is the same as the value in -NewName' -Target $Login -Continue
        }

        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName 'Disable') -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'Enable')) {
            Stop-Function -Message 'You cannot use both -Enable and -Disable together' -Target $Login -Continue
        }

        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName 'GrantLogin') -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'DenyLogin')) {
            Stop-Function -Message 'You cannot use both -GrantLogin and -DenyLogin together' -Target $Login -Continue
        }

        if (Test-bound -ParameterName 'SecurePassword') {
            switch ($SecurePassword.GetType().Name) {
                'PSCredential' { $NewSecurePassword = $SecurePassword.Password }
                'SecureString' { $NewSecurePassword = $SecurePassword }
                default {
                    Stop-Function -Message 'Password must be a PSCredential or SecureString' -Target $Login
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        $allLogins = @{}
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message 'Failure' -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $allLogins[$instance.ToString()] = Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $server
            $InputObject += $allLogins[$instance.ToString()] | Where-Object { ($_.Name -eq $Login) -and ($_.IsSystemObject -eq $false) -and ($_.Name -notlike '##*') }
        }

        # Loop through all the logins
        foreach ($l in $InputObject) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($l, "Setting Changes to Login on $($server.name)")) {
                $server = $l.Parent

                # Create the notes
                $notes = @()

                # Change the name
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'NewName') {
                    # Check if the new name doesn't already exist
                    if ($allLogins[$server.Name].Name -notcontains $NewName) {
                        try {
                            $l.Rename($NewName)
                        } catch {
                            $notes += "Couldn't rename login"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the name for $l" -Target $l -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    } else {
                        $notes += 'New login name already exists'
                        Write-Message -Message "New login name $NewName already exists on $instance" -Level Verbose
                    }
                }

                # Change the password
                if (Test-bound -ParameterName 'SecurePassword') {
                    try {
                        $l.ChangePassword($NewSecurePassword, $Unlock, $MustChange)
                        $passwordChanged = $true
                    } catch {
                        $notes += "Couldn't change password"
                        $passwordChanged = $false
                        Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong changing the password for $l" -Target $l -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }

                # Disable the login
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'Disable') {
                    if ($l.IsDisabled) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Login $l is already disabled" -Level Verbose
                    } else {
                        try {
                            $l.Disable()
                        } catch {
                            $notes += "Couldn't disable login"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong disabling $l" -Target $l -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Enable the login
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'Enable') {
                    if (-not $l.IsDisabled) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Login $l is already enabled" -Level Verbose
                    } else {
                        try {
                            $l.Enable()
                        } catch {
                            $notes += "Couldn't enable login"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong enabling $l" -Target $l -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Deny access
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'DenyLogin') {
                    if ($l.DenyWindowsLogin) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Login $l already has login access denied" -Level Verbose
                    } else {
                        $l.DenyWindowsLogin = $true
                    }
                }

                # Grant access
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'GrantLogin') {
                    if (-not $l.DenyWindowsLogin) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Login $l already has login access granted" -Level Verbose
                    } else {
                        $l.DenyWindowsLogin = $false
                    }
                }

                # Enforce password policy
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName 'PasswordPolicyEnforced') {
                    if ($l.PasswordPolicyEnforced -eq $PasswordPolicyEnforced) {
                        Write-Message -Message "Login $l password policy is already set to $($l.PasswordPolicyEnforced)" -Level Verbose
                    } else {
                        $l.PasswordPolicyEnforced = $PasswordPolicyEnforced
                    }
                }

                # Add server roles to login
                if ($AddRole) {
                    # Loop through each of the roles
                    foreach ($role in $AddRole) {
                        try {
                            $l.AddToRole($role)
                        } catch {
                            $notes += "Couldn't add role $role"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong adding role $role to $l" -Target $l -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Remove server roles from login
                if ($RemoveRole) {
                    # Loop through each of the roles
                    foreach ($role in $RemoveRole) {
                        try {
                            $server.Roles[$role].DropMember($l.Name)
                        } catch {
                            $notes += "Couldn't remove role $role"
                            Stop-Function -Message "Something went wrong removing role $role to $l" -Target $l -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Alter the login to make the changes
                $l.Alter()

                # Retrieve the server roles for the login
                $roles = Get-DbaServerRoleMember -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $l.Name }

                # Check if there were any notes to include in the results
                if ($notes) {
                    $notes = $notes | Get-Unique
                    $notes = $notes -Join ';'
                } else {
                    $notes = $null
                }
                $rolenames = $roles.Role | Select-Object -Unique

                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $l -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ComputerName -Value $server.ComputerName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $l -MemberType NoteProperty -Name InstanceName -Value $server.ServiceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $l -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SqlInstance -Value $server.DomainInstanceName
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $l -MemberType NoteProperty -Name PasswordChanged -Value $passwordChanged
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $l -MemberType NoteProperty -Name ServerRole -Value ($rolenames -join ', ')
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $l -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Notes -Value $notes

                # backwards compatibility: LoginName, DenyLogin
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $l -MemberType NoteProperty -Name LoginName -Value $l.Name
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $l -MemberType NoteProperty -Name DenyLogin -Value $l.DenyWindowsLogin

                $defaults = 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'LoginName', 'DenyLogin', 'IsDisabled', 'IsLocked',
                'PasswordPolicyEnforced', 'MustChangePassword', 'PasswordChanged', 'ServerRole', 'Notes'

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $l -Property $defaults
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaMaxDop {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets SQL Server maximum degree of parallelism (Max DOP), then displays information relating to SQL Server Max DOP configuration settings. Works on SQL Server 2005 and higher.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Uses the Test-DbaMaxDop command to get the recommended value if -MaxDop parameter is not specified.

        These are just general recommendations for SQL Server and are a good starting point for setting the "max degree of parallelism" option.

        You can set MaxDop database scoped configurations if the server is version 2016 or higher

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies one or more databases to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies one or more databases to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER MaxDop
        Specifies the Max DOP value to set.

    .PARAMETER AllDatabases
        If this switch is enabled, Max DOP will be set on all databases. This switch is only useful on SQL Server 2016 and higher.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        If Test-SqlMaxDop has been executed prior to this function, the results may be passed in via this parameter.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.

    .NOTES
        Tags: MaxDop, SpConfigure
        Author: Claudio Silva (@claudioessilva)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaMaxDop

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2008, sql2012

        Sets Max DOP to the recommended value for servers sql2008 and sql2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2014 -MaxDop 4

        Sets Max DOP to 4 for server sql2014.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2008 | Set-DbaMaxDop

        Gets the recommended Max DOP from Test-DbaMaxDop and applies it to to sql2008.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database db1

        Set recommended Max DOP for database db1 on server sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2016 -AllDatabases

        Set recommended Max DOP for all databases on server sql2016.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [int]$MaxDop = -1,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [pscustomobject]$InputObject,
        [Alias("All")]
        [switch]$AllDatabases,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -Parameter Database) -and (Test-Bound -Parameter AllDatabases) -and (Test-Bound -Parameter ExcludeDatabase)) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "-Database, -AllDatabases and -ExcludeDatabase are mutually exclusive. Please choose only one. Quitting."
            return
        }

        $dbscopedconfiguration = $false

        if ($MaxDop -eq -1) {
            $UseRecommended = $true
        }

        if ((Test-Bound -Not -Parameter InputObject)) {
            $InputObject = Test-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Verbose:$false
        } elseif ($null -eq $InputObject.SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject = Test-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance $sqlinstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Verbose:$false
        }

        $InputObject | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName PreviousInstanceMaxDopValue -NotePropertyValue 0
        $InputObject | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyName PreviousDatabaseMaxDopValue -NotePropertyValue 0

        #If we have servers 2016 or higher we will have a row per database plus the instance level, getting unique we only run one time per instance
        $servers = $InputObject | Select-Object SqlInstance -Unique

        foreach ($server in $servers) {
            $servername = $server.SqlInstance

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $servername -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $servername -Continue
            }

            if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $server. Skipping." -Category PermissionDenied -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $currentServer -Continue
            }

            if ($server.versionMajor -ge 13) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server '$servername' supports Max DOP configuration per database."

                if ((Test-Bound -Not -Parameter Database) -and (Test-Bound -Not -Parameter ExcludeDatabase)) {
                    #Set at instance level
                    $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseMaxDop -eq "N/A" }
                } else {
                    $dbscopedconfiguration = $true

                    if ((Test-Bound -Not -Parameter AllDatabases) -and (Test-Bound -Parameter Database)) {
                        $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object { $_.Database -in $Database }
                    } elseif ((Test-Bound -Not -Parameter AllDatabases) -and (Test-Bound -Parameter ExcludeDatabase)) {
                        $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object { $_.Database -notin $ExcludeDatabase }
                    } else {
                        if (Test-Bound -Parameter AllDatabases) {
                            $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseMaxDop -ne "N/A" }
                        } else {
                            $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseMaxDop -eq "N/A" }
                            $dbscopedconfiguration = $false
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if ((Test-Bound -Parameter database) -or (Test-Bound -Parameter AllDatabases)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Server '$servername' (v$($server.versionMajor)) does not support Max DOP configuration at the database level. Remember that this option is only available from SQL Server 2016 (v13). Run the command again without using database related parameters. Skipping."
                    Continue
                }
            }

            foreach ($row in $InputObject | Where-Object { $_.SqlInstance -eq $servername }) {
                if ($UseRecommended -and ($row.RecommendedMaxDop -eq $row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop) -and !($dbscopedconfiguration)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$servername is configured properly. No change required."
                    Continue
                }

                if ($UseRecommended -and ($row.RecommendedMaxDop -eq $row.DatabaseMaxDop) -and $dbscopedconfiguration) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database $($row.Database) on $servername is configured properly. No change required."
                    Continue
                }

                $row.PreviousInstanceMaxDopValue = $row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop

                try {
                    if ($UseRecommended) {
                        if ($dbscopedconfiguration) {
                            $row.PreviousDatabaseMaxDopValue = $row.DatabaseMaxDop

                            if ($resetDatabases) {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing $($row.Database) database max DOP to $($row.DatabaseMaxDop)."
                                $server.Databases["$($row.Database)"].MaxDop = $row.DatabaseMaxDop
                            } else {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing $($row.Database) database max DOP from $($row.DatabaseMaxDop) to $($row.RecommendedMaxDop)."
                                $server.Databases["$($row.Database)"].MaxDop = $row.RecommendedMaxDop
                                $row.DatabaseMaxDop = $row.RecommendedMaxDop
                            }

                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing $server SQL Server max DOP from $($row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop) to $($row.RecommendedMaxDop)."
                            $server.Configuration.MaxDegreeOfParallelism.ConfigValue = $row.RecommendedMaxDop
                            $row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop = $row.RecommendedMaxDop
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($dbscopedconfiguration) {
                            $row.PreviousDatabaseMaxDopValue = $row.DatabaseMaxDop

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing $($row.Database) database max DOP from $($row.DatabaseMaxDop) to $MaxDop."
                            $server.Databases["$($row.Database)"].MaxDop = $MaxDop
                            $row.DatabaseMaxDop = $MaxDop
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing $servername SQL Server max DOP from $($row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop) to $MaxDop."
                            $server.Configuration.MaxDegreeOfParallelism.ConfigValue = $MaxDop
                            $row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop = $MaxDop
                        }
                    }

                    if ($dbscopedconfiguration) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($row.Database, "Setting max dop on database")) {
                            $server.Databases["$($row.Database)"].Alter()
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($servername, "Setting max dop on instance")) {
                            $server.Configuration.Alter()
                        }
                    }

                    $results = [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName                = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName                = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance                 = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        InstanceVersion             = $row.InstanceVersion
                        Database                    = $row.Database
                        DatabaseMaxDop              = $row.DatabaseMaxDop
                        CurrentInstanceMaxDop       = $row.CurrentInstanceMaxDop
                        RecommendedMaxDop           = $row.RecommendedMaxDop
                        PreviousDatabaseMaxDopValue = $row.PreviousDatabaseMaxDopValue
                        PreviousInstanceMaxDopValue = $row.PreviousInstanceMaxDopValue
                    }

                    if ($dbscopedconfiguration) {
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $results -Property InstanceName, Database, PreviousDatabaseMaxDopValue, @{
                            name = "CurrentDatabaseMaxDopValue"; expression = {
                                $_.DatabaseMaxDop
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $results -Property InstanceName, PreviousInstanceMaxDopValue, CurrentInstanceMaxDop
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not modify Max Degree of Parallelism for $server." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaMaxMemory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets SQL Server 'Max Server Memory' configuration setting to a new value then displays information this setting.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets SQL Server max memory then displays information relating to SQL Server Max Memory configuration settings.

        Inspired by Jonathan Kehayias's post about SQL Server Max memory (http://bit.ly/sqlmemcalc), this uses a formula to
        determine the default optimum RAM to use, then sets the SQL max value to that number.

        Jonathan notes that the formula used provides a *general recommendation* that doesn't account for everything that may
        be going on in your specific environment.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Max
        Specifies the max megabytes (MB)

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A InputObject returned by Test-DbaMaxMemory

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.

    .NOTES
        Tags: MaxMemory, Memory
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaMaxMemory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaMaxMemory sqlserver1

        Set max memory to the recommended on just one server named "sqlserver1"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance sqlserver1 -Max 2048

        Explicitly set max memory to 2048 on just one server, "sqlserver1"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlserver | Test-DbaMaxMemory | Where-Object { $_.MaxValue -gt $_.Total } | Set-DbaMaxMemory

        Find all servers in SQL Server Central Management Server that have Max SQL memory set to higher than the total memory
        of the server (think 2147483647), then pipe those to Set-DbaMaxMemory and use the default recommendation.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Medium')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int]$Max,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [PSCustomObject[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        if ($Max -eq 0) {
            $UseRecommended = $true
        }
    }
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Test-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        }

        foreach ($result in $InputObject) {
            $server = $result.Server
            Add-Member -Force -InputObject $result -NotePropertyName PreviousMaxValue -NotePropertyValue $result.MaxValue

            try {
                if ($UseRecommended) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Change $server SQL Server Max Memory from $($result.MaxValue) to $($result.RecommendedValue) "

                    if ($result.RecommendedValue -eq 0 -or $null -eq $result.RecommendedValue) {
                        $maxMem = $result.RecommendedValue
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Max memory recommended: $maxMem"
                        $server.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue = $maxMem
                    } else {
                        $server.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue = $result.RecommendedValue
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Change $server SQL Server Max Memory from $($result.MaxValue) to $Max "
                    $server.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue = $Max
                }

                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Change Max Memory from $($result.PreviousMaxValue) to $($server.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue)")) {
                    try {
                        $server.Configuration.Alter()
                        $result.MaxValue = $server.Configuration.MaxServerMemory.ConfigValue
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to apply configuration change for $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Could not modify Max Server Memory for $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            Add-Member -InputObject $result -Force -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MaxValue -Value $result.MaxValue
            Select-DefaultView -InputObject $result -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Total, MaxValue, PreviousMaxValue
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaNetworkCertificate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets the network certificate for SQL Server instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets the network certificate for SQL Server instance. This setting is found in Configuration Manager.

        This command also grants read permissions for the service account on the certificate's private key.

        References:
        http://sqlmag.com/sql-server/7-steps-ssl-encryption
        https://azurebi.jppp.org/2016/01/23/using-lets-encrypt-certificates-for-secure-sql-server-connections/
        https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlserverfaq/2016/09/26/creating-and-registering-ssl-certificates/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
       The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to the computer (not sql instance) using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER Certificate
        The target certificate object

    .PARAMETER Thumbprint
        The thumbprint of the target certificate

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Certificate
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaNetworkCertificate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> New-DbaComputerCertificate | Set-DbaNetworkCertificate -SqlInstance localhost\SQL2008R2SP2

        Creates and imports a new certificate signed by an Active Directory CA on localhost then sets the network certificate for the SQL2008R2SP2 to that newly created certificate.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaNetworkCertificate -SqlInstance sql1\SQL2008R2SP2 -Thumbprint 1223FB1ACBCA44D3EE9640F81B6BA14A92F3D6E2

        Sets the network certificate for the SQL2008R2SP2 instance to the certificate with the thumbprint of 1223FB1ACBCA44D3EE9640F81B6BA14A92F3D6E2 in LocalMachine\My on sql1

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low", DefaultParameterSetName = 'Default')]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "ComputerName")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Certificate", ValueFromPipeline)]
        [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2]$Certificate,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Thumbprint")]
        [string]$Thumbprint,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    
    process {
        # Registry access
        
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if (-not $Certificate -and -not $Thumbprint) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a certificate or thumbprint"
            return
        }

        if (-not $Thumbprint) {
            Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "Getting thumbprint"
            $Thumbprint = $Certificate.Thumbprint
        }

        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $instance" -Target $instance
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $instance -Continue

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Resolving hostname"
            $resolved = $null
            $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance -Turbo

            if ($null -eq $resolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't resolve $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -Category InvalidArgument
            }

            $computername = $instance.ComputerName
            $instancename = $instance.instancename

            try {
                $sqlwmi = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $resolved.FQDN -ScriptBlock { $wmi.Services } -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object DisplayName -eq "SQL Server ($instancename)"
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to access $instance" -Target $instance -Continue -ErrorRecord $_
            }

            if (-not $sqlwmi) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot find $instancename on $computerName" -Continue -Category ObjectNotFound -Target $instance
            }

            $regroot = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq REGROOT).Value
            $vsname = ($sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -eq VSNAME).Value
            $instancename = $sqlwmi.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '').Replace(')', '') # Don't clown, I don't know regex :(
            $serviceaccount = $sqlwmi.ServiceAccount

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                $regroot = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'REGROOT' }
                $vsname = $sqlwmi.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object { $_ -match 'VSNAME' }

                if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($regroot)) {
                    $regroot = ($regroot -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                    $vsname = ($vsname -Split 'Value\=')[1]
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't find instance $vsname on $instance" -Continue -Category ObjectNotFound -Target $instance
                }
            }

            if ([System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($vsname)) { $vsname = $instance }

            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Regroot: $regroot" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "ServiceAcct: $serviceaccount" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "InstanceName: $instancename" -Target $instance
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "VSNAME: $vsname" -Target $instance

            $scriptblock = {
                $regroot = $args[0]
                $serviceaccount = $args[1]
                $instancename = $args[2]
                $vsname = $args[3]
                $Thumbprint = $args[4]

                $regpath = "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\$regroot\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib"

                $oldthumbprint = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate).Certificate

                $cert = Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine -Recurse -ErrorAction Stop | Where-Object { $_.Thumbprint -eq $Thumbprint }

                if ($null -eq $cert) {
                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Warning "Certificate does not exist on $env:COMPUTERNAME"
                    return
                }

                $permission = $serviceaccount, "Read", "Allow"
                $accessRule = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule -ArgumentList $permission

                $keyPath = $env:ProgramData + "\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys\"
                $keyName = $cert.PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.UniqueKeyContainerName
                $keyFullPath = $keyPath + $keyName

                $acl = Get-Acl -Path $keyFullPath
                $null = $acl.AddAccessRule($accessRule)
                Set-Acl -Path $keyFullPath -AclObject $acl

                if ($acl) {
                    Set-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate -Value $Thumbprint.ToString().ToLower() # to make it compat with SQL config
                } else {
                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Warning "Read-only permissions could not be granted to certificate"
                    return
                }

                if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($oldthumbprint)) {
                    $notes = "Granted $serviceaccount read access to certificate private key. Replaced thumbprint: $oldthumbprint."
                } else {
                    $notes = "Granted $serviceaccount read access to certificate private key"
                }

                $newthumbprint = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regpath -Name Certificate).Certificate

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName          = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                    InstanceName          = $instancename
                    SqlInstance           = $vsname
                    ServiceAccount        = $serviceaccount
                    CertificateThumbprint = $newthumbprint
                    Notes                 = $notes
                }
            }

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $instanceName to import new cert")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $resolved.fqdn -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $regroot, $serviceaccount, $instancename, $vsname, $Thumbprint -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to $($resolved.fqdn) using PowerShell remoting!" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaPowerPlan {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets the SQL Server OS's Power Plan.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Sets the SQL Server OS's Power Plan. Defaults to High Performance which is best practice.

        If your organization uses a custom power plan that is considered best practice, specify -CustomPowerPlan.

        References:
        https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2207548
        http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/glenn/windows-power-plan-effects-on-newer-intel-processors/

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The server(s) to set the Power Plan on.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Specifies a PSCredential object to use in authenticating to the server(s), instead of the current user account.

    .PARAMETER PowerPlan
        Specifies the Power Plan that you wish to use. Valid options for this match the Windows default Power Plans of "Power Saver", "Balanced", and "High Performance".

    .PARAMETER CustomPowerPlan
        Specifies the name of a custom Power Plan to use.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaPowerPlan

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .NOTES
        Tags: PowerPlan, OS, Configure
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: WMI access to servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaPowerPlan

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName sql2017

        Sets the Power Plan to High Performance. Skips it if its already set.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'Server1', 'Server2' | Set-DbaPowerPlan -PowerPlan Balanced

        Sets the Power Plan to Balanced for Server1 and Server2. Skips it if its already set.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential 'Domain\User'
        PS C:\> Set-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName sql2017 -Credential $cred

        Connects using alternative Windows credential and sets the Power Plan to High Performance. Skips it if its already set.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName sqlcluster -CustomPowerPlan 'Maximum Performance'

        Sets the Power Plan to the custom power plan called "Maximum Performance". Skips it if its already set.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$PowerPlan = 'High Performance',
        [string]$CustomPowerPlan,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [pscustomobject]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if ($CustomPowerPlan) {
            $powerPlanRequested = $CustomPowerPlan
        } else {
            $powerPlanRequested = $PowerPlan
        }
        function Set-DbaPowerPlanInternal {
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param (
                [string]$ComputerName,
                [PSCredential]$Credential
            )

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential) {
                $IncludeCred = $true
            }
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing connection to $computer"
                $computerResolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential

                $computerResolved = $computerResolved.FullComputerName
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer
                return
            }

            $splatDbaCmObject = @{
                ComputerName    = $computerResolved
                EnableException = $true
            }
            if ($IncludeCred) {
                $splatDbaCmObject["Credential"] = $Credential
            }

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Power Plan information from $computer."
                $currentplan = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_PowerPlan -Namespace "root\cimv2\power" | Where-Object IsActive -eq 'True'
                $currentplan = $currentplan.ElementName
            } catch {
                if ($_.Exception -match "namespace") {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't get Power Plan Info for $computer. Unsupported operating system." -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't get Power Plan Info for $computer. Check logs for more details." -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer
                }
            }

            if ($null -eq $currentplan) {
                # the try/catch above isn't working, so make it silent and handle it here.
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot get Power Plan for $computer." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer
                return
            }

            $planinfo = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName      = $computer
                PreviousPowerPlan = $currentplan
                ActivePowerPlan   = $powerPlanRequested
            }
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($powerPlanRequested, "Setting Powerplan on $computer")) {
                if ($powerPlanRequested -ne $currentplan) {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Changing Power Plan from $CurrentPlan to $powerPlanRequested")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CIMSession on $computer over WSMan"
                        if ($IncludeCred) {
                            $cimSession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                        } else {
                            $cimSession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                        }
                        if (-not $cimSession) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CIMSession on $computer over WSMan failed. Creating CIMSession on $computer over DCom"
                            $sessionOption = New-CimSessionOption -Protocol DCom
                            if ($IncludeCred) {
                                $cimSession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $computer -SessionOption $sessionoption -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                            } else {
                                $cimSession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $computer -SessionOption $sessionoption -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                            }
                        }
                        if ($cimSession) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting Power Plan to $powerPlanRequested."

                            $cimInstance = Get-CimInstance -Namespace root\cimv2\power -ClassName win32_PowerPlan -Filter "ElementName = '$powerPlanRequested'" -CimSession $CIMSession
                            if ($cimInstance) {
                                $cimResult = Invoke-CimMethod -InputObject $cimInstance[0] -MethodName Activate -CimSession $cimSession
                                if (!$cimResult) {
                                    Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't set the requested Power Plan '$powerPlanRequested' on $computer." -Category ConnectionError -Target $computer
                                    return
                                }
                            } else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't find the requested Power Plan '$powerPlanRequested' on $computer." -Category ConnectionError -Target $computer
                                return
                            }
                        } else {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't set Power Plan on $computer." -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer
                            return
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Stating power plan is already set to $powerPlanRequested, won't change.")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "PowerPlan on $computer is already set to $powerPlanRequested. Skipping."
                    }
                }

                return $planInfo
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        # uses cim commands
        
        
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential
        }

        foreach ($pplan in $InputObject) {
            $computer = $pplan.ComputerName
            $Credential = $pplan.Credential
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Calling Set-DbaPowerPlanInternal for $computer"
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Credential) {
                $data = Set-DbaPowerPlanInternal -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $Credential
            } else {
                $data = Set-DbaPowerPlanInternal -ComputerName $Computer
            }

            if ($data.Count -gt 1) {
                $data.GetEnumerator() | ForEach-Object {
                    $_
                }
            } else {
                $data
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaPrivilege {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Adds the SQL Service account to local privileges on one or more computers.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Adds the SQL Service account to local privileges 'Lock Pages in Memory', 'Instant File Initialization', 'Logon as Batch' on one or more computers.

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Use this to choose the privilege(s) to which you want to add the SQL Service account.
        Accepts 'IFI', 'LPIM' and/or 'BatchLogon' for local privileges 'Instant File Initialization', 'Lock Pages in Memory' and 'Logon as Batch'.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Privilege
        Author: Klaas Vandenberghe ( @PowerDBAKlaas )

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaPrivilege

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaPrivilege -ComputerName sqlserver2014a -Type LPIM,IFI

        Adds the SQL Service account(s) on computer sqlserver2014a to the local privileges 'SeManageVolumePrivilege' and 'SeLockMemoryPrivilege'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql1','sql2','sql3' | Set-DbaPrivilege -Type IFI

        Adds the SQL Service account(s) on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3 to the local privilege 'SeManageVolumePrivilege'.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [dbainstanceparameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateSet('IFI', 'LPIM', 'BatchLogon')]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $ResolveAccountToSID = @"
function Convert-UserNameToSID ([string] `$Acc ) {
`$objUser = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount(`"`$Acc`")
`$strSID = `$objUser.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])
`$strSID.Value
}
"@
        $ComputerName = $ComputerName.ComputerName | Select-Object -Unique
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Setting Privilege for SQL Service Account")) {
                try {
                    $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $Computer -Continue
                    if (Test-PSRemoting -ComputerName $Computer) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Exporting Privileges on $Computer"
                        Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock {
                            $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd(""); secedit /export /cfg $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg > $NULL;
                        }
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting SQL Service Accounts on $computer"
                        $SQLServiceAccounts = (Get-DbaService -ComputerName $computer -Type Engine).StartName
                        if ($SQLServiceAccounts.count -ge 1) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting Privileges on $Computer"
                            Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -Verbose -ArgumentList $ResolveAccountToSID, $SQLServiceAccounts, $BatchLogon, $IFI, $LPIM -ScriptBlock {
                                [CmdletBinding()]
                                param ($ResolveAccountToSID,
                                    $SQLServiceAccounts,
                                    $BatchLogon,
                                    $IFI,
                                    $LPIM)
                                . ([ScriptBlock]::Create($ResolveAccountToSID))
                                $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("");
                                $tempfile = "$temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg"
                                if ('BatchLogon' -in $Type) {
                                    $BLline = Get-Content $tempfile | Where-Object { $_ -match "SeBatchLogonRight" }
                                    ForEach ($acc in $SQLServiceAccounts) {
                                        $SID = Convert-UserNameToSID -Acc $acc;
                                        if ($BLline -notmatch $SID) {
                                            (Get-Content $tempfile) -replace "SeBatchLogonRight = ", "SeBatchLogonRight = *$SID," |
                                                Set-Content $tempfile
                                            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                                            Write-Verbose "Added $acc to Batch Logon Privileges on $env:ComputerName"
                                        } else {
                                            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                                            Write-Warning "$acc already has Batch Logon Privilege on $env:ComputerName"
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                if ('IFI' -in $Type) {
                                    $IFIline = Get-Content $tempfile | Where-Object { $_ -match "SeManageVolumePrivilege" }
                                    ForEach ($acc in $SQLServiceAccounts) {
                                        $SID = Convert-UserNameToSID -Acc $acc;
                                        if ($IFIline -notmatch $SID) {
                                            (Get-Content $tempfile) -replace "SeManageVolumePrivilege = ", "SeManageVolumePrivilege = *$SID," |
                                                Set-Content $tempfile
                                            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                                            Write-Verbose "Added $acc to Instant File Initialization Privileges on $env:ComputerName"
                                        } else {
                                            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                                            Write-Warning "$acc already has Instant File Initialization Privilege on $env:ComputerName"
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                if ('LPIM' -in $Type) {
                                    $LPIMline = Get-Content $tempfile | Where-Object { $_ -match "SeLockMemoryPrivilege" }
                                    ForEach ($acc in $SQLServiceAccounts) {
                                        $SID = Convert-UserNameToSID -Acc $acc;
                                        if ($LPIMline -notmatch $SID) {
                                            (Get-Content $tempfile) -replace "SeLockMemoryPrivilege = ", "SeLockMemoryPrivilege = *$SID," |
                                                Set-Content $tempfile
                                            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                                            Write-Verbose "Added $acc to Lock Pages in Memory Privileges on $env:ComputerName"
                                        } else {
                                            <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                                            Write-Warning "$acc already has Lock Pages in Memory Privilege on $env:ComputerName"
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                                $null = secedit /configure /cfg $tempfile /db secedit.sdb /areas USER_RIGHTS /overwrite /quiet
                            } -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing secpol file on $computer"
                            Invoke-Command2 -Raw -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { $temp = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd(""); Remove-Item $temp\secpolByDbatools.cfg -Force > $NULL }
                        } else {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "No SQL Service Accounts found on $Computer"
                        }
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to $Computer"
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaSpConfigure {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Changes the server level system configuration (sys.configuration/sp_configure) value for a given configuration

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function changes the configured value for sp_configure settings. If the setting is dynamic this setting will be used, otherwise the user will be warned that a restart of SQL is required.
        This is designed to be safe and will not allow for configurations to be set outside of the defined configuration min and max values.
        While it is possible to set below the min, or above the max this can cause serious problems with SQL Server (including startup failures), and so is not permitted.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a
        collection and receive pipeline input

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Name
        The name of the configuration to be set -- Configs is auto-populated for tabbing convenience.

    .PARAMETER Value
        The new value for the configuration

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Piped objects from Get-DbaSpConfigure

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SpConfigure
        Author: Nic Cain, https://sirsql.net/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaSpConfigure

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance localhost -Name ScanForStartupProcedures -Value 1

        Adjusts the Scan for startup stored procedures configuration value to 1 and notifies the user that this requires a SQL restart to take effect

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance sql2017, sql2014 -Name XPCmdShellEnabled, IsSqlClrEnabled | Set-DbaSpConfigure -Value $false

        Sets the values for XPCmdShellEnabled and IsSqlClrEnabled on sql2017 and sql2014 to False

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance localhost -Name XPCmdShellEnabled -Value 1

        Adjusts the xp_cmdshell configuration value to 1.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance localhost -Name XPCmdShellEnabled -Value 1 -WhatIf

        Returns information on the action that would be performed. No actual change will be made.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("NewValue", "NewConfig")]
        [int]$Value,
        [Alias("Config", "ConfigName")]
        [string[]]$Name,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Name $Name
        }

        foreach ($configobject in $InputObject) {
            $server = $InputObject.Parent
            $currentRunValue = $configobject.RunningValue
            $currentConfigValue = $configobject.ConfiguredValue
            $minValue = $configobject.MinValue
            $maxValue = $configobject.MaxValue
            $isDynamic = $configobject.IsDynamic
            $configuration = $configobject.Name

            #Let us not waste energy setting the value to itself
            if ($currentConfigValue -eq $value) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Value to set is the same as the existing value. No work being performed." -Continue -Target $server -Category InvalidData
            }

            #Going outside the min/max boundary can be done, but it can break SQL, so I don't think allowing that is wise at this juncture
            if ($value -lt $minValue -or $value -gt $maxValue) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Value out of range for $configuration ($minValue <-> $maxValue)" -Continue -Category InvalidArgument
            }

            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Adjusting server configuration $configuration from $currentConfigValue to $value.")) {
                try {
                    $server.Configuration.$configuration.ConfigValue = $value
                    $server.Configuration.Alter()

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName  = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName  = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        ConfigName    = $configuration
                        PreviousValue = $currentConfigValue
                        NewValue      = $value
                    }

                    #If it's a dynamic setting we're all clear, otherwise let the user know that SQL needs to be restarted for the change to take
                    if ($isDynamic -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Configuration setting $configuration has been set, but restart of SQL Server is required for the new value `"$value`" to be used (old value: `"$currentRunValue`")" -Target $Instance
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to change config setting" -Target $Instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -ContinueLabel main
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Set-DbaSpn {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets an SPN for a given service account in active directory (and also enables delegation to the same SPN by default)

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function will connect to Active Directory and search for an account. If the account is found, it will attempt to add an SPN. Once the SPN is added, the function will also set delegation to that service, unless -NoDelegation is specified. In order to run this function, the credential you provide must have write access to Active Directory.

        Note: This function supports -WhatIf

    .PARAMETER SPN
        The SPN you want to add

    .PARAMETER ServiceAccount
        The account you want the SPN added to

    .PARAMETER Credential
        The credential you want to use to connect to Active Directory to make the changes

    .PARAMETER NoDelegation
        Skips setting the delegation

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Turns confirmations before changes on or off

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command was executed

    .NOTES
        Tags: SPN
        Author: Drew Furgiuele (@pittfurg), http://www.port1433.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaSpn

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account
        PS C:\> Set-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account -EnableException

        Connects to Active Directory and adds a provided SPN to the given account.
        Connects to Active Directory and adds a provided SPN to the given account, suppressing all error messages and throw exceptions that can be caught instead

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account -Credential ad\sqldba

        Connects to Active Directory and adds a provided SPN to the given account. Uses alternative account to connect to AD.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaSpn -SPN MSSQLSvc\SQLSERVERA.domain.something -ServiceAccount domain\account -NoDelegation

        Connects to Active Directory and adds a provided SPN to the given account, without the delegation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName sql2016 | Where { $_.isSet -eq $false } | Set-DbaSpn

        Sets all missing SPNs for sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName sql2016 | Where { $_.isSet -eq $false } | Set-DbaSpn -WhatIf

        Displays what would happen trying to set all missing SPNs for sql2016

    #>
    [cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("RequiredSPN")]
        [string]$SPN,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [Alias("InstanceServiceAccount", "AccountName")]
        [string]$ServiceAccount,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)]
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$NoDelegation,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        #did we find the server account?
        Write-Message -Message "Looking for account $ServiceAccount..." -Level Verbose
        $searchfor = 'User'
        if ($ServiceAccount.EndsWith('$')) {
            $searchfor = 'Computer'
        }
        try {
            $Result = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $ServiceAccount -Type $searchfor -Credential $Credential -EnableException
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "AD lookup failure. This may be because the domain cannot be resolved for the SQL Server service account ($ServiceAccount). $($_.Exception.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
        }
        if ($Result.Count -gt 0) {
            try {
                $adentry = $Result.GetUnderlyingObject()
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Service account ($ServiceAccount) has been found, but you don't have enough permission to inspect its properties $($_.Exception.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
            }
        } else {
            Stop-Function -Message "The SQL Service account ($ServiceAccount) has not been found" -EnableException $EnableException -Target $ServiceAccount
        }
        # Cool! Add an SPN
        $delegate = $true
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$spn", "Adding SPN to service account")) {
            try {
                $null = $adentry.Properties['serviceprincipalname'].Add($spn)
                $status = "Successfully added SPN"
                $adentry.CommitChanges()
                Write-Message -Message "Added SPN $spn to $ServiceAccount" -Level Verbose
                $set = $true
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Message "Could not add SPN. $($_.Exception.Message)" -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException.ToBool() -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
                $set = $false
                $status = "Failed to add SPN"
                $delegate = $false
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                Name           = $spn
                ServiceAccount = $ServiceAccount
                Property       = "servicePrincipalName"
                IsSet          = $set
                Notes          = $status
            }
        }

        #if we have the SPN set, we can add the delegation
        if ($delegate) {
            # but only if $NoDelegation is not passed
            if (!$NoDelegation) {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$spn", "Adding constrained delegation to service account for SPN")) {
                    try {
                        $null = $adentry.Properties['msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo'].Add($spn)
                        $adentry.CommitChanges()
                        Write-Message -Message "Added kerberos delegation to $spn for $ServiceAccount" -Level Verbose
                        $set = $true
                        $status = "Successfully added constrained delegation"
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Message "Could not add delegation. $($_.Exception.Message)" -Level Warning -EnableException $EnableException.ToBool() -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $ServiceAccount
                        $set = $false
                        $status = "Failed to add constrained delegation"
                    }

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        Name           = $spn
                        ServiceAccount = $ServiceAccount
                        Property       = "msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo"
                        IsSet          = $set
                        Notes          = $status
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Write-Message -Message "Skipping delegation as instructed" -Level Verbose
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaStartupParameter {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets the Startup Parameters for a SQL Server instance

    .DESCRIPTION
        Modifies the startup parameters for a specified SQL Server Instance

        For full details of what each parameter does, please refer to this MSDN article - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190737(v=sql.105).aspx

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance to be modified

        If the Sql Instance is offline path parameters will be ignored as we cannot test the instance's access to the path. If you want to force this to work then please use the Force switch

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Windows or Sql Login Credential with permission to log into the SQL instance

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Windows Credential with permission to log on to the server running the SQL instance

    .PARAMETER MasterData
        Path to the data file for the Master database

        Will be ignored if SqlInstance is offline or the Offline switch is set. To override this behaviour use the Force switch. This is to ensure you understand the risk as we cannot validate the path if the instance is offline

    .PARAMETER MasterLog
        Path to the log file for the Master database

        Will be ignored if SqlInstance is offline or the Offline switch is set. To override this behaviour use the Force switch. This is to ensure you understand the risk as we cannot validate the path if the instance is offline

    .PARAMETER ErrorLog
        Path to the SQL Server error log file

        Will be ignored if SqlInstance is offline or the Offline switch is set. To override this behaviour use the Force switch. This is to ensure you understand the risk as we cannot validate the path if the instance is offline

    .PARAMETER TraceFlags
        A comma separated list of TraceFlags to be applied at SQL Server startup
        By default these will be appended to any existing trace flags set

    .PARAMETER CommandPromptStart
        Shortens startup time when starting SQL Server from the command prompt. Typically, the SQL Server Database Engine starts as a service by calling the Service Control Manager.
        Because the SQL Server Database Engine does not start as a service when starting from the command prompt

    .PARAMETER MinimalStart
        Starts an instance of SQL Server with minimal configuration. This is useful if the setting of a configuration value (for example, over-committing memory) has
        prevented the server from starting. Starting SQL Server in minimal configuration mode places SQL Server in single-user mode

    .PARAMETER MemoryToReserve
        Specifies an integer number of megabytes (MB) of memory that SQL Server will leave available for memory allocations within the SQL Server process,
        but outside the SQL Server memory pool. The memory outside of the memory pool is the area used by SQL Server for loading items such as extended procedure .dll files,
        the OLE DB providers referenced by distributed queries, and automation objects referenced in Transact-SQL statements. The default is 256 MB.

    .PARAMETER SingleUser
        Start Sql Server in single user mode

    .PARAMETER NoLoggingToWinEvents
        Don't use Windows Application events log

    .PARAMETER StartAsNamedInstance
        Allows you to start a named instance of SQL Server

    .PARAMETER DisableMonitoring
        Disables the following monitoring features:

        SQL Server performance monitor counters
        Keeping CPU time and cache-hit ratio statistics
        Collecting information for the DBCC SQLPERF command
        Collecting information for some dynamic management views
        Many extended-events event points

        ** Warning *\* When you use the -x startup option, the information that is available for you to diagnose performance and functional problems with SQL Server is greatly reduced.

    .PARAMETER SingleUserDetails
        The username for single user

    .PARAMETER IncreasedExtents
        Increases the number of extents that are allocated for each file in a filegroup.

    .PARAMETER TraceFlagsOverride
        Overrides the default behaviour and replaces any existing trace flags. If not trace flags specified will just remove existing ones

    .PARAMETER StartUpConfig
        Pass in a previously saved SQL Instance startup config
        using this parameter will set TraceFlagsOverride to true, so existing Trace Flags will be overridden

    .PARAMETER Offline
        Setting this switch will try perform the requested actions without connect to the SQL Server Instance, this will speed things up if you know the Instance is offline.

        When working offline, path inputs (MasterData, MasterLog and ErrorLog) will be ignored, unless Force is specified

    .PARAMETER Force
        By default we test the values passed in via MasterData, MasterLog, ErrorLog

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Startup, Parameter, Configure
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -SingleUser

        Will configure the SQL Instance server1\instance1 to startup up in Single User mode at next startup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2016 -IncreasedExtents

        Will configure the SQL Instance sql2016 to IncreasedExtents = True (-E)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2016  -IncreasedExtents:$false -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if you attempted to configure the SQL Instance sql2016 to IncreasedExtents = False (no -E)

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -SingleUser -TraceFlags 8032,8048

        This will append Trace Flags 8032 and 8048 to the startup parameters

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2016 -SingleUser:$false -TraceFlagsOverride

        This will remove all trace flags and set SingleUser to false

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -SingleUser -TraceFlags 8032,8048 -TraceFlagsOverride

        This will set Trace Flags 8032 and 8048 to the startup parameters, removing any existing Trace Flags

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2016 -SingleUser:$false -TraceFlagsOverride -Offline

        This will remove all trace flags and set SingleUser to false from an offline instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2016 -ErrorLog c:\Sql\ -Offline

        This will attempt to change the ErrorLog path to c:\sql\. However, with the offline switch this will not happen. To force it, use the -Force switch like so:

        Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance sql2016 -ErrorLog c:\Sql\ -Offline -Force

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $StartupConfig = Get-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance server1\instance1
        PS C:\> Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -SingleUser -NoLoggingToWinEvents
        PS C:\> #Restart your SQL instance with the tool of choice
        PS C:\> #Do Some work
        PS C:\> Set-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance server1\instance1 -StartUpConfig $StartUpConfig
        PS C:\> #Restart your SQL instance with the tool of choice and you're back to normal

        In this example we take a copy of the existing startup configuration of server1\instance1

        We then change the startup parameters ahead of some work

        After the work has been completed, we can push the original startup parameters back to server1\instance1 and resume normal operation

#>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param ([parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$MasterData,
        [string]$MasterLog,
        [string]$ErrorLog,
        [string[]]$TraceFlags,
        [switch]$CommandPromptStart,
        [switch]$MinimalStart,
        [int]$MemoryToReserve,
        [switch]$SingleUser,
        [string]$SingleUserDetails,
        [switch]$NoLoggingToWinEvents,
        [switch]$StartAsNamedInstance,
        [switch]$DisableMonitoring,
        [switch]$IncreasedExtents,
        [switch]$TraceFlagsOverride,
        [object]$StartUpConfig,
        [switch]$Offline,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {

        if (-not $Offline) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to connect to $SqlInstance, will try to work with just WMI. Path options will be ignored unless Force was indicated"
                $Server = $SqlInstance
                $Offline = $true
            }
        } else {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Offline switch set, proceeding with just WMI"
            $Server = $SqlInstance
        }

        #Get Current parameters:
        $currentstartup = Get-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -Credential $Credential
        $originalparamstring = $currentstartup.ParameterString

        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Original startup parameter string: $originalparamstring"

        if ('startUpconfig' -in $PsBoundParameters.keys) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "StartupObject passed in"
            $newstartup = $StartUpConfig
            $TraceFlagsOverride = $true
        } else {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Parameters passed in"
            $newstartup = $currentstartup.PSObject.copy()
            foreach ($param in ($PsBoundParameters.keys | Where-Object { $_ -in ($newstartup.PSObject.Properties.name) })) {
                if ($PsBoundParameters.item($param) -ne $newstartup.$param) {
                    $newstartup.$param = $PsBoundParameters.item($param)
                }
            }
        }

        if (!($currentstartup.SingleUser)) {

            if ($newstartup.Masterdata.length -gt 0) {
                if ($Offline -and -not $Force) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Working offline, skipping untested MasterData path"
                    $ParameterString += "-d$($CurrentStartup.MasterData);"

                } else {
                    if ($Force) {
                        $ParameterString += "-d$($newstartup.MasterData);"
                    } elseif (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path (Split-Path $newstartup.MasterData -Parent)) {
                        $ParameterString += "-d$($newstartup.MasterData);"
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Specified folder for Master Data file is not reachable by instance $SqlInstance"
                        return
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "MasterData value must be provided"
                return
            }

            if ($newstartup.ErrorLog.length -gt 0) {
                if ($Offline -and -not $Force) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Working offline, skipping untested ErrorLog path"
                    $ParameterString += "-e$($CurrentStartup.ErrorLog);"
                } else {
                    if ($Force) {
                        $ParameterString += "-e$($newstartup.ErrorLog);"
                    } elseif (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path (Split-Path $newstartup.ErrorLog -Parent)) {
                        $ParameterString += "-e$($newstartup.ErrorLog);"
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Specified folder for ErrorLog  file is not reachable by $SqlInstance"
                        return
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "ErrorLog value must be provided"
                return
            }

            if ($newstartup.MasterLog.Length -gt 0) {
                if ($offline -and -not $Force) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Working offline, skipping untested MasterLog path"
                    $ParameterString += "-l$($CurrentStartup.MasterLog);"
                } else {
                    if ($Force) {
                        $ParameterString += "-l$($newstartup.MasterLog);"
                    } elseif (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path (Split-Path $newstartup.MasterLog -Parent)) {
                        $ParameterString += "-l$($newstartup.MasterLog);"
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Specified folder for Master Log  file is not reachable by $SqlInstance"
                        return
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "MasterLog value must be provided."
                return
            }
        } else {

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Sql instance is presently configured for single user, skipping path validation"
            if ($newstartup.MasterData.Length -gt 0) {
                $ParameterString += "-d$($newstartup.MasterData);"
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Must have a value for MasterData"
                return
            }
            if ($newstartup.ErrorLog.Length -gt 0) {
                $ParameterString += "-e$($newstartup.ErrorLog);"
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Must have a value for Errorlog"
                return
            }
            if ($newstartup.MasterLog.Length -gt 0) {
                $ParameterString += "-l$($newstartup.MasterLog);"
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "Must have a value for MsterLog"
                return
            }
        }

        if ($newstartup.CommandPromptStart) {
            $ParameterString += "-c;"
        }
        if ($newstartup.MinimalStart) {
            $ParameterString += "-f;"
        }
        if ($newstartup.MemoryToReserve -notin ($null, 0)) {
            $ParameterString += "-g$($newstartup.MemoryToReserve)"
        }
        if ($newstartup.SingleUser) {
            if ($SingleUserDetails.length -gt 0) {
                if ($SingleUserDetails -match ' ') {
                    $SingleUserDetails = """$SingleUserDetails"""
                }
                $ParameterString += "-m$SingleUserDetails;"
            } else {
                $ParameterString += "-m;"
            }
        }
        if ($newstartup.NoLoggingToWinEvents) {
            $ParameterString += "-n;"
        }
        If ($newstartup.StartAsNamedInstance) {
            $ParameterString += "-s;"
        }
        if ($newstartup.DisableMonitoring) {
            $ParameterString += "-x;"
        }
        if ($newstartup.IncreasedExtents) {
            $ParameterString += "-E;"
        }
        if ($newstartup.TraceFlags -eq 'None') {
            $newstartup.TraceFlags = ''
        }
        if ($TraceFlagsOverride -and 'TraceFlags' -in $PsBoundParameters.keys) {
            if ($null -ne $TraceFlags -and '' -ne $TraceFlags) {
                $newstartup.TraceFlags = $TraceFlags -join ','
                $ParameterString += (($TraceFlags.split(',') | ForEach-Object { "-T$_" }) -join ';') + ";"
            }
        } else {
            if ('TraceFlags' -in $PsBoundParameters.keys) {
                if ($null -eq $TraceFlags) { $TraceFlags = '' }
                $oldflags = @($currentstartup.TraceFlags) -split ',' | Where-Object { $_ -ne 'None' }
                $newflags = $TraceFlags
                $newstartup.TraceFlags = (@($oldFlags) + @($newflags) | Sort-Object -Unique) -join ','
            } elseif ($TraceFlagsOverride) {
                $newstartup.TraceFlags = ''
            } else {
                $newstartup.TraceFlags = if ($currentstartup.TraceFlags -eq 'None') { }
                else { $currentstartup.TraceFlags -join ',' }
            }
            If ($newstartup.TraceFlags.Length -ne 0) {
                $ParameterString += (($newstartup.TraceFlags.split(',') | ForEach-Object { "-T$_" }) -join ';') + ";"
            }
        }

        $instance = $SqlInstance.ComputerName
        $instancename = $SqlInstance.InstanceName

        if ($instancename.Length -eq 0) { $instancename = "MSSQLSERVER" }

        $displayname = "SQL Server ($instancename)"

        $Scriptblock = {
            #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
            #$instance = $args[0]
            $displayname = $args[1]
            $ParameterString = $args[2]

            $wmisvc = $wmi.Services | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -eq $displayname }
            $wmisvc.StartupParameters = $ParameterString
            $wmisvc.Alter()
            $wmisvc.Refresh()
            if ($wmisvc.StartupParameters -eq $ParameterString) {
                $true
            } else {
                $false
            }
        }

        if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Setting Sql Server start parameters on $SqlInstance to $ParameterString")) {
            try {
                if ($Credential) {
                    #Variable $response marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replace with $null to catch output
                    $null = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $server.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $Scriptblock -ArgumentList $server.ComputerName, $displayname, $ParameterString -EnableException
                    $output = Get-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance $server.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -EnableException
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $output -MemberType NoteProperty -Name OriginalStartupParameters -Value $originalparamstring
                } else {
                    #Variable $response marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replace with $null to catch output
                    $null = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $server.ComputerName -ScriptBlock $Scriptblock -ArgumentList $server.ComputerName, $displayname, $ParameterString -EnableException
                    $output = Get-DbaStartupParameter -SqlInstance $server.ComputerName -EnableException
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $output -MemberType NoteProperty -Name OriginalStartupParameters -Value $originalparamstring
                    Add-Member -Force -InputObject $output -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Notes -Value "Startup parameters changed on $SqlInstance. You must restart SQL Server for changes to take effect."
                }

                $output
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Startup parameters failed to change on $SqlInstance. " -Target $SqlInstance -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Set-DbaTcpPort {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Changes the TCP port used by the specified SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function changes the TCP port used by the specified SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server instance as a different user

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the Windows server itself as a different user (like SQL Configuration Manager)

    .PARAMETER Port
        TCPPort that SQLService should listen on.

    .PARAMETER IpAddress
        Which IpAddress should the portchange , if omitted allip (0.0.0.0) will be changed with the new port number.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Service, Port, TCP, Configure
        Author: @H0s0n77
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaTcpPort

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance sql2017 -Port 1433

        Sets the port number 1433 for all IP Addresses on the default instance on sql2017. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance winserver\sqlexpress -IpAddress 192.168.1.22 -Port 1433 -Confirm:$false

        Sets the port number 1433 for IP 192.168.1.22 on the sqlexpress instance on winserver. Does not prompt for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance sql2017, sql2019 -port 1337 -Credential ad\dba

        Sets the port number 1337 for all IP Addresses on SqlInstance sql2017 and sql2019 using the credentials for ad\dba. Prompts for confirmation.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateRange(1, 65535)]
        [int]$Port,
        [IpAddress[]]$IpAddress,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        if (-not $IpAddress) {
            $IpAddress = '0.0.0.0'
        } else {
            if ($SqlInstance.Count -gt 1) {
                Stop-Function -Message "-IpAddress switch cannot be used with a collection of serveraddresses" -Target $SqlInstance
                return
            }
        }
        $scriptblock = {
            $computername = $args[0]
            $wmiinstancename = $args[1]
            $port = $args[2]
            $IpAddress = $args[3]
            $sqlinstanceName = $args[4]

            $wmi = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Wmi.ManagedComputer $computername
            $wmiinstance = $wmi.ServerInstances | Where-Object {
                $_.Name -eq $wmiinstancename
            }
            $tcp = $wmiinstance.ServerProtocols | Where-Object {
                $_.DisplayName -eq 'TCP/IP'
            }
            $IpAddress = $tcp.IpAddresses | where-object {
                $_.IpAddress -eq $IpAddress
            }
            $tcpport = $IpAddress.IpAddressProperties | Where-Object {
                $_.Name -eq 'TcpPort'
            }

            $oldport = $tcpport.Value
            try {
                $tcpport.value = $port
                $tcp.Alter()
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName       = $computername
                    InstanceName       = $wmiinstancename
                    SqlInstance        = $sqlinstanceName
                    PreviousPortNumber = $oldport
                    PortNumber         = $Port
                    Status             = "Success"
                }
            } catch {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName       = $computername
                    InstanceName       = $wmiinstancename
                    SqlInstance        = $sqlinstanceName
                    PreviousPortNumber = $oldport
                    PortNumber         = $Port
                    Status             = "Failed: $_"
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $wmiinstancename = $instance.InstanceName
            $computerName = $instance.ComputerName

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($computerName, "Setting port to $Port for $wmiinstancename")) {
                try {
                    $computerName = $instance.ComputerName
                    $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computerName
                    Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $resolved.FullComputerName -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $instance.ComputerName, $wmiinstancename, $port, $IpAddress, $instance.InputObject -Credential $Credential
                } catch {
                    try {
                        Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ArgumentList $instance.ComputerName, $wmiinstancename, $port, $IpAddress, $instance.InputObject -Credential $Credential
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure setting port to $Port for $wmiinstancename on $computerName" -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Set-DbaTempdbConfig {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Sets tempdb data and log files according to best practices.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Calculates tempdb size and file configurations based on passed parameters, calculated values, and Microsoft best practices. User must declare SQL Server to be configured and total data file size as mandatory values. Function then calculates the number of data files based on logical cores on the target host and create evenly sized data files based on the total data size declared by the user, with a log file 25% of the total data file size.

        Other parameters can adjust the settings as the user desires (such as different file paths, number of data files, and log file size). No functions that shrink or delete data files are performed. If you wish to do this, you will need to resize tempdb so that it is "smaller" than what the function will size it to before running the function.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER DataFileCount
        Specifies the number of data files to create. If this number is not specified, the number of logical cores of the host will be used.

    .PARAMETER DataFileSize
        Specifies the total data file size in megabytes. This is distributed across the total number of data files.

    .PARAMETER LogFileSize
        Specifies the log file size in megabytes. If not specified, this will be set to 25% of total data file size.

    .PARAMETER DataFileGrowth
        Specifies the growth amount for the data file(s) in megabytes. The default is 512 MB.

    .PARAMETER LogFileGrowth
        Specifies the growth amount for the log file in megabytes. The default is 512 MB.

    .PARAMETER DataPath
        Specifies the filesystem path in which to create the tempdb data files. If not specified, current tempdb location will be used.

    .PARAMETER LogPath
        Specifies the filesystem path in which to create the tempdb log file. If not specified, current tempdb location will be used.

    .PARAMETER OutputScriptOnly
        If this switch is enabled, only the T-SQL script to change the tempdb configuration is created and output.

    .PARAMETER OutFile
        Specifies the filesystem path into which the generated T-SQL script will be saved.

    .PARAMETER DisableGrowth
        If this switch is enabled, the tempdb files will be configured to not grow. This overrides -DataFileGrowth and -LogFileGrowth.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Tempdb, Space, Configure, Configuration
        Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaTempdbConfig

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaTempdbConfig -SqlInstance localhost -DataFileSize 1000

        Creates tempdb with a number of data files equal to the logical cores where each file is equal to 1000MB divided by the number of logical cores, with a log file of 250MB.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaTempdbConfig -SqlInstance localhost -DataFileSize 1000 -DataFileCount 8

        Creates tempdb with 8 data files, each one sized at 125MB, with a log file of 250MB.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaTempdbConfig -SqlInstance localhost -DataFileSize 1000 -OutputScriptOnly

        Provides a SQL script output to configure tempdb according to the passed parameters.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaTempdbConfig -SqlInstance localhost -DataFileSize 1000 -DisableGrowth

        Disables the growth for the data and log files.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Set-DbaTempdbConfig -SqlInstance localhost -DataFileSize 1000 -OutputScriptOnly

        Returns the T-SQL script representing tempdb configuration.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Medium')]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int]$DataFileCount,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [int]$DataFileSize,
        [int]$LogFileSize,
        [int]$DataFileGrowth = 512,
        [int]$LogFileGrowth = 512,
        [string]$DataPath,
        [string]$LogPath,
        [string]$OutFile,
        [switch]$OutputScriptOnly,
        [switch]$DisableGrowth,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9

            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $cores = $server.Processors
            if ($cores -gt 8) {
                $cores = 8
            }

            #Set DataFileCount if not specified. If specified, check against best practices.
            if (-not $DataFileCount) {
                $DataFileCount = $cores
                Write-Message -Message "Data file count set to number of cores: $DataFileCount" -Level Verbose
            } else {
                if ($DataFileCount -gt $cores) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Data File Count of $DataFileCount exceeds the Logical Core Count of $cores. This is outside of best practices." -Level Warning
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Data file count set explicitly: $DataFileCount" -Level Verbose
            }

            $DataFilesizeSingle = $([Math]::Floor($DataFileSize / $DataFileCount))
            Write-Message -Message "Single data file size (MB): $DataFilesizeSingle." -Level Verbose

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName DataPath) {
                if ((Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $DataPath) -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$datapath is an invalid path." -Continue
                }
            } else {
                $Filepath = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults('SELECT physical_name as FileName FROM sys.database_files WHERE file_id = 1').Tables[0].Rows[0].FileName
                $DataPath = Split-Path $Filepath
            }

            Write-Message -Message "Using data path: $datapath." -Level Verbose

            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName LogPath) {
                if ((Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $LogPath) -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$LogPath is an invalid path." -Continue
                }
            } else {
                $Filepath = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults('SELECT physical_name as FileName FROM sys.database_files WHERE file_id = 2').Tables[0].Rows[0].FileName
                $LogPath = Split-Path $Filepath
            }
            Write-Message -Message "Using log path: $LogPath." -Level Verbose

            # Check if the file growth needs to be disabled
            if ($DisableGrowth) {
                $DataFileGrowth = 0
                $LogFileGrowth = 0
            }

            # Check current tempdb. Throw an error if current tempdb is larger than config.
            $CurrentFileCount = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults('SELECT count(1) as FileCount FROM sys.database_files WHERE type=0').Tables[0].Rows[0].FileCount
            $TooBigCount = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults("SELECT TOP 1 (size/128) as Size FROM sys.database_files WHERE size/128 > $DataFilesizeSingle AND type = 0").Tables[0].Rows[0].Size

            if ($CurrentFileCount -gt $DataFileCount) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Current tempdb in $instance is not suitable to be reconfigured. The current tempdb has a greater number of files ($CurrentFileCount) than the calculated configuration ($DataFileCount)." -Continue
            }

            if ($TooBigCount) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Current tempdb in $instance is not suitable to be reconfigured. The current tempdb ($TooBigCount MB) is larger than the calculated individual file configuration ($DataFilesizeSingle MB)." -Continue
            }

            $EqualCount = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults("SELECT count(1) as FileCount FROM sys.database_files WHERE size/128 = $DataFilesizeSingle AND type = 0").Tables[0].Rows[0].FileCount

            Write-Message -Message "tempdb configuration validated." -Level Verbose

            $DataFiles = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults("select f.name as Name, f.physical_name as FileName from sys.filegroups fg join sys.database_files f on fg.data_space_id = f.data_space_id where fg.name = 'PRIMARY' and f.type_desc = 'ROWS'").Tables[0];

            #Checks passed, process reconfiguration
            for ($i = 0; $i -lt $DataFileCount; $i++) {
                $File = $DataFiles.Rows[$i]
                if ($File) {
                    $Filename = Split-Path $File.FileName -Leaf
                    $LogicalName = $File.Name
                    $NewPath = "$datapath\$Filename"
                    $sql += "ALTER DATABASE tempdb MODIFY FILE(name=$LogicalName,filename='$NewPath',size=$DataFilesizeSingle MB,filegrowth=$DataFileGrowth);"
                } else {
                    $NewName = "tempdev$i.ndf"
                    $NewPath = "$datapath\$NewName"
                    $sql += "ALTER DATABASE tempdb ADD FILE(name=tempdev$i,filename='$NewPath',size=$DataFilesizeSingle MB,filegrowth=$DataFileGrowth);"
                }
            }

            if (-not $LogFileSize) {
                $LogFileSize = [Math]::Floor($DataFileSize / 4)
            }

            $logfile = $server.Databases['tempdb'].ExecuteWithResults("SELECT name, physical_name as FileName FROM sys.database_files WHERE file_id = 2").Tables[0].Rows[0];
            $Filename = Split-Path $logfile.FileName -Leaf
            $LogicalName = $logfile.Name
            $NewPath = "$LogPath\$Filename"
            $sql += "ALTER DATABASE tempdb MODIFY FILE(name=$LogicalName,filename='$NewPath',size=$LogFileSize MB,filegrowth=$LogFileGrowth);"

            Write-Message -Message "SQL Statement to resize tempdb." -Level Verbose
            Write-Message -Message ($sql -join "`n`n") -Level Verbose

            if ($OutputScriptOnly) {
                return $sql
            } elseif ($OutFile) {
                $sql | Set-Content -Path $OutFile
            } else {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Executing query and informing that a restart is required.")) {
                    try {
                        $server.Databases['master'].ExecuteNonQuery($sql)
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "tempdb successfully reconfigured."

                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName       = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName       = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance        = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            DataFileCount      = $DataFileCount
                            DataFileSize       = [dbasize]($DataFileSize * 1024 * 1024)
                            SingleDataFileSize = [dbasize]($DataFilesizeSingle * 1024 * 1024)
                            LogSize            = [dbasize]($LogFileSize * 1024 * 1024)
                            DataPath           = $DataPath
                            LogPath            = $LogPath
                            DataFileGrowth     = [dbasize]($DataFileGrowth * 1024 * 1024)
                            LogFileGrowth      = [dbasize]($LogFileGrowth * 1024 * 1024)
                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "tempdb reconfigured. You must restart the SQL Service for settings to take effect."
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Unable to reconfigure tempdb. Exception: $_" -Target $sql -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Set-SqlTempDbConfiguration
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Set-DbaTempDbConfiguration
    }
}
function Show-DbaDbList {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Shows a list of databases in a GUI.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Shows a list of databases in a GUI. Returns a string holding the name of the selected database. Hitting cancel returns null.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances..

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Title
        Title of the window being displayed. Default is "Select Database".

    .PARAMETER Header
        Header text displayed above the database listing. Default is "Select the database:".

    .PARAMETER DefaultDb
        Specify a database to have selected when the window appears.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, FileSystem
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Show-DbaDbList

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Show-DbaDbList -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Shows a GUI list of databases using Windows Authentication to connect to the SQL Server. Returns a string of the selected database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Show-DbaDbList -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred

        Shows a GUI list of databases using SQL credentials to connect to the SQL Server. Returns a string of the selected database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Show-DbaDbList -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -DefaultDb master

        Shows a GUI list of databases using Windows Authentication to connect to the SQL Server. The "master" database will be selected when the lists shows. Returns a string of the selected database.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Title = "Select Database",
        [string]$Header = "Select the database:",
        [string]$DefaultDb
    )

    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -AssemblyName PresentationFramework
        } catch {
            throw "Windows Presentation Framework required but not installed"
        }

        function Add-TreeItem {
            param (
                [string]$name,
                [object]$parent,
                [string]$tag
            )

            $childitem = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem
            $textblock = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock
            $textblock.Margin = "5,0"
            $stackpanel = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.StackPanel
            $stackpanel.Orientation = "Horizontal"
            $image = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.Image
            $image.Height = 20
            $image.Width = 20
            $image.Stretch = "Fill"
            $image.Source = $dbicon
            $textblock.Text = $name
            $childitem.Tag = $name

            if ($name -eq $DefaultDb) {
                $childitem.IsSelected = $true
                $script:selected = $name
            }

            [void]$stackpanel.Children.Add($image)
            [void]$stackpanel.Children.Add($textblock)

            $childitem.Header = $stackpanel
            [void]$parent.Items.Add($childitem)
        }

        function Convert-b64toimg {
            param ($base64)

            $bitmap = New-Object System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapImage
            $bitmap.BeginInit()
            $bitmap.StreamSource = [System.IO.MemoryStream][System.Convert]::FromBase64String($base64)
            $bitmap.EndInit()
            $bitmap.Freeze()
            return $bitmap
        }

        $dbicon = Convert-b64toimg "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"
        $foldericon = Convert-b64toimg "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"
        $dbatoolsicon = Convert-b64toimg "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"

        $sourceserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
    }

    process {
        # Create XAML form in Visual Studio, ensuring the ListView looks chromeless
        [xml]$xaml = "<Window
        xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation'
        xmlns:x='http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml'
        Title='$Title' SizeToContent='WidthAndHeight' Background='#F0F0F0'
        WindowStartupLocation='CenterScreen' MaxHeight='600'>
    <Grid>
        <TreeView Name='treeview' Height='Auto' Width='Auto' Background='#FFFFFF' BorderBrush='#FFFFFF' Foreground='#FFFFFF' Margin='11,36,11,79'/>
        <Label x:Name='label' Content='$header' HorizontalAlignment='Left' Margin='15,4,10,0' VerticalAlignment='Top'/>
        <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment='Right' Orientation='Horizontal' VerticalAlignment='Bottom' Margin='0,50,10,30'>
        <Button Name='okbutton' Content='OK'  Margin='0,0,0,0' Width='75'/>
        <Label Width='10'/>
        <Button Name='cancelbutton' Content='Cancel' Margin='0,0,0,0' Width='75'/>
    </StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Window>"
        #second pushes it down
        # Turn XAML into PowerShell objects
        $window = [Windows.Markup.XamlReader]::Load((New-Object System.Xml.XmlNodeReader $xaml))
        $window.icon = $dbatoolsicon

        $xaml.SelectNodes("//*[@Name]") | ForEach-Object { Set-Variable -Name ($_.Name) -Value $window.FindName($_.Name) -Scope Script }

        $childitem = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem
        $textblock = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock
        $textblock.Margin = "5,0"
        $stackpanel = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.StackPanel
        $stackpanel.Orientation = "Horizontal"
        $image = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.Image
        $image.Height = 20
        $image.Width = 20
        $image.Stretch = "Fill"
        $image.Source = $foldericon
        $textblock.Text = "Databases"
        $childitem.Tag = "Databases"
        $childitem.isExpanded = $true
        [void]$stackpanel.Children.Add($image)
        [void]$stackpanel.Children.Add($textblock)
        $childitem.Header = $stackpanel
        #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
        #$databaseParent = $treeview.Items.Add($childitem)

        try {
            $databases = $sourceserver.databases.name
        } catch {
            return
        }

        foreach ($database in $databases) {
            Add-TreeItem -Name $database -Parent $childitem -Tag $nameSpace
        }

        $okbutton.Add_Click( {
                $window.Close()
                $script:okay = $true
            })

        $cancelbutton.Add_Click( {
                $script:selected = $null
                $window.Close()
            })

        $window.Add_SourceInitialized( {
                [System.Windows.RoutedEventHandler]$Event = {
                    if ($_.OriginalSource -is [System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem]) {
                        $script:selected = $_.OriginalSource.Tag
                    }
                }
                $treeview.AddHandler([System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem]::SelectedEvent, $Event)
            })

        $null = $window.ShowDialog()
    }

    end {
        if ($script:selected.length -gt 0 -and $script:okay -eq $true) {
            return $script:selected
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Show-SqlDatabaseList
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Show-DbaDatabaseList
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Show-DbaServerFileSystem {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Shows file system on remote SQL Server in a local GUI and returns the selected directory name

    .DESCRIPTION
        Similar to the remote file system popup you see when browsing a remote SQL Server in SQL Server Management Studio, this function allows you to traverse the remote SQL Server's file structure.

        Show-DbaServerFileSystem uses SQL Management Objects to browse the directories and what you see is limited to the permissions of the account running the command.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Storage, FileSystem
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Show-DbaServerFileSystem

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Show-DbaServerFileSystem -SqlInstance sql2017

        Shows a list of databases using Windows Authentication to connect to the SQL Server. Returns a string of the selected path.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Show-DbaServerFileSystem -SqlInstance sql2017 -SqlCredential $cred

        Shows a list of databases using SQL credentials to connect to the SQL Server. Returns a string of the selected path.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        try {
            Add-Type -AssemblyName PresentationFramework
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Windows Presentation Framework required but not installed."
            return
        }

        function Add-TreeItem {
            param (
                [string]$name,
                [object]$parent,
                [string]$tag
            )

            $childitem = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem

            $textblock = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock
            $textblock.Margin = "5,0"

            $stackpanel = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.StackPanel
            $stackpanel.Orientation = "Horizontal"

            $image = New-Object System.Windows.Controls.Image
            $image.Height = 20
            $image.Width = 20
            $image.Stretch = "Fill"

            if ($name.length -eq 1) {
                $image.Source = $diskicon
                $textblock.Text = "$name`:"
                $childitem.Tag = "$name`:"

            } else {
                $image.Source = $foldericon
                $textblock.Text = $name
                $childitem.Tag = "$tag\$name"
            }

            [void]$stackpanel.Children.Add($image)
            [void]$stackpanel.Children.Add($textblock)

            $childitem.Header = $stackpanel

            [void]$childitem.Items.Add("*")
            [void]$parent.Items.Add($childitem)
        }

        function Get-SubDirectory {
            param (
                [string]$nameSpace,
                [object]$treeviewItem
            )

            $textbox.Text = $nameSpace
            try {
                $dirs = $server.EnumDirectories($nameSpace)
            } catch {
                return
            }
            $subdirs = $dirs.Name

            foreach ($subdir in $subdirs) {
                if (!$subdir.StartsWith("$") -and $subdir -ne 'System Volume Information') {
                    Add-TreeItem -Name $subdir -Parent $treeviewItem -Tag $nameSpace
                }
            }
        }

        function Convert-b64toimg {
            param ($base64)

            $bitmap = New-Object System.Windows.Media.Imaging.BitmapImage
            $bitmap.BeginInit()
            $bitmap.StreamSource = [System.IO.MemoryStream][System.Convert]::FromBase64String($base64)
            $bitmap.EndInit()
            $bitmap.Freeze()
            return $bitmap
        }

        $diskicon = Convert-b64toimg "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"
        $foldericon = Convert-b64toimg "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"
        $dbatoolsicon = Convert-b64toimg "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"
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        # Create XAML form in Visual Studio, ensuring the ListView looks chromeless
        [xml]$xaml = '<Window
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="Locate Folder" Height="620" Width="440" Background="#F0F0F0"
        WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen">
    <Grid>
        <TreeView Name="treeview" Height="462" Width="391" Background="#FFFFFF" BorderBrush="#FFFFFF" Foreground="#FFFFFF" Margin="11,36,11,79"/>
        <Label x:Name="label" Content="Select the folder:" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="15,4,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
        <Label x:Name="path" Content="Selected Path" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="15,502,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
        <TextBox Name="textbox" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="Auto" Margin="111,504,0,0" TextWrapping="NoWrap" Text="C:\" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="292"/>
        <Button Name="okbutton" Content="OK" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="241,540,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75"/>
        <Button Name="cancelbutton" Content="Cancel" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="328.766,540,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>
'
        # Turn XAML into PowerShell objects
        $window = [Windows.Markup.XamlReader]::Load((New-Object System.Xml.XmlNodeReader $xaml))
        $window.icon = $dbatoolsicon

        $xaml.SelectNodes("//*[@Name]") | ForEach-Object { Set-Variable -Name ($_.Name) -Value $window.FindName($_.Name) -Scope Script }

        try {
            $drives = ($server.EnumAvailableMedia()).Name
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "No access to remote SQL Server files." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        foreach ($drive in $drives) {
            $drive = $drive.Replace(":", "")
            Add-TreeItem -Name $drive -Parent $treeview -Tag $drive
        }

        $window.Add_SourceInitialized( {
                [System.Windows.RoutedEventHandler]$Event = {
                    if ($_.OriginalSource -is [System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem]) {
                        $treeviewItem = $_.OriginalSource
                        $treeviewItem.items.clear()
                        Get-SubDirectory -NameSpace $treeviewItem.Tag -TreeViewItem $treeviewItem
                    }
                }
                $treeview.AddHandler([System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem]::ExpandedEvent, $Event)
                $treeview.AddHandler([System.Windows.Controls.TreeViewItem]::SelectedEvent, $Event)
            })

        $okbutton.Add_Click( {
                $window.Close()
            })

        $cancelbutton.Add_Click( {
                $textbox.Text = $null
                $window.Close()
            })

        $null = $window.ShowDialog()
    }

    end {

        if ($textbox.Text.Length -gt 0) {
            $drive = $textbox.Text + '\'
            return $drive
        }

        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Show-SqlServerFileSystem
    }
}
function Start-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Starts a running SQL Server Agent Job.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command starts a job then returns connected SMO object for SQL Agent Job information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The job(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
        The job(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER AllJobs
        Retrieve all the jobs

    .PARAMETER Wait
        Wait for output until the job has started

    .PARAMETER WaitPeriod
        Wait period in seconds to use when -Wait is used

    .PARAMETER SleepPeriod
        Period in milliseconds to wait after a job has started

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Internal parameter that enables piping

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Job, Agent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaAgentJob

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost

        Starts all running SQL Agent Jobs on the local SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 -Job cdc.DBWithCDC_capture | Start-DbaAgentJob

        Starts the cdc.DBWithCDC_capture SQL Agent Job on sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 -Job cdc.DBWithCDC_capture

        Starts the cdc.DBWithCDC_capture SQL Agent Job on sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers | Find-DbaAgentJob -IsFailed | Start-DbaAgentJob

        Restarts all failed jobs on all servers in the $servers collection

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 -AllJobs

        Start all the jobs

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Job,
        [string[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Object")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$AllJobs,
        [switch]$Wait,
        [int]$WaitPeriod = 3,
        [int]$SleepPeriod = 300,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -not -ParameterName AllJobs) -and (Test-Bound -not -ParameterName Job) -and (Test-Bound -not -ParameterName InputObject)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Please use one of the job parameters, either -Job or -AllJobs. Or pipe in a list of jobs." -Target $instance
            return
        }
        # Loop through each of the instances
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Check if all the jobs need to included
            if ($AllJobs) {
                $InputObject += $server.JobServer.Jobs
            }

            # If a specific job needs to be added
            if (-not $AllJobs -and $Job) {
                $InputObject = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object Name -In $Job
            }

            # If a job needs to be excluded
            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeJob
            }
        }

        # Loop through each of the jobs
        foreach ($currentjob in $InputObject) {
            $server = $currentjob.Parent.Parent
            $status = $currentjob.CurrentRunStatus

            if ($status -ne 'Idle') {
                Stop-Function -Message "$currentjob on $server is not idle ($status)" -Target $currentjob -Continue
            }

            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Starting job $currentjob")) {
                # Start the job
                $lastrun = $currentjob.LastRunDate
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Last run date was $lastrun"
                $null = $currentjob.Start()

                # Wait and refresh so that it has a chance to change status
                Start-Sleep -Milliseconds $SleepPeriod
                $currentjob.Refresh()

                $i = 0
                # Check if the status is Idle
                while (($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus -eq 'Idle' -and $i++ -lt 60)) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job $($currentjob.Name) status is $($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus)"
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Job $($currentjob.Name) last run date is $($currentjob.LastRunDate)"

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Sleeping for $SleepPeriod ms and refreshing"
                    Start-Sleep -Milliseconds $SleepPeriod
                    $currentjob.Refresh()

                    # If it failed fast, speed up output
                    if ($lastrun -ne $currentjob.LastRunDate) {
                        $i = 600
                    }
                }

                # Wait for the job
                if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Wait) {
                    while ($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus -ne 'Idle') {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "$currentjob is $($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus)"
                        Start-Sleep -Seconds $WaitPeriod
                        $currentjob.Refresh()
                    }
                    Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $server -Job $currentjob.Name
                } else {
                    Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $server -Job $currentjob.Name
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Start-DbaEndpoint {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Starts endpoints on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Starts endpoints on a SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Endpoint
        Only start specific endpoints.

    .PARAMETER AllEndpoints
        Start all endpoints on an instance.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-Endpoint.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Endpoint
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaEndpoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AllEndpoints

        Starts all endpoints on the sqlserver2014 instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Endpoint endpoint1,endpoint2 -SqlCredential sqladmin

        Logs into sqlserver2012 using alternative credentials and starts the endpoint1 and endpoint2 endpoints.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-Endpoint -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Endpoint endpoint1 | Start-DbaEndpoint

        Starts the endpoints returned from the Get-Endpoint function.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Low')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$EndPoint,
        [switch]$AllEndpoints,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Endpoint[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -And (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Endpoint, AllEndpoints)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify AllEndpoints or Endpoint when using the SqlInstance parameter."
            return
        }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -EndPoint $Endpoint
        }

        foreach ($ep in $InputObject) {
            try {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($ep.Parent.Name, "Starting $ep")) {
                    $ep.Start()
                    $ep
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Start-DbaMigration {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Migrates SQL Server *ALL* databases, logins, database mail profiles/accounts, credentials, SQL Agent objects, linked servers,
        Central Management Server objects, server configuration settings (sp_configure), user objects in systems databases,
        system triggers and backup devices from one SQL Server to another.

        For more granular control, please use Exclude or use the other functions available within the dbatools module.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Start-DbaMigration consolidates most of the migration tools in dbatools into one command.  This is useful when you're looking to migrate entire instances. It less flexible than using the underlying functions. Think of it as an easy button. It migrates:

        All user databases to exclude support databases such as ReportServerTempDB (Use -IncludeSupportDbs for this). Use -Exclude Databases to skip.
        All logins. Use -Exclude Logins to skip.
        All database mail objects. Use -Exclude DatabaseMail
        All credentials. Use -Exclude Credentials to skip.
        All objects within the Job Server (SQL Agent). Use -Exclude AgentServer to skip.
        All linked servers. Use -Exclude LinkedServers to skip.
        All groups and servers within Central Management Server. Use -Exclude CentralManagementServer to skip.
        All SQL Server configuration objects (everything in sp_configure). Use -Exclude SpConfigure to skip.
        All user objects in system databases. Use -Exclude SysDbUserObjects to skip.
        All system triggers. Use -Exclude SystemTriggers to skip.
        All system backup devices. Use -Exclude BackupDevices to skip.
        All Audits. Use -Exclude Audits to skip.
        All Endpoints. Use -Exclude Endpoints to skip.
        All Extended Events. Use -Exclude ExtendedEvents to skip.
        All Policy Management objects. Use -Exclude PolicyManagement to skip.
        All Resource Governor objects. Use -Exclude ResourceGovernor to skip.
        All Server Audit Specifications. Use -Exclude ServerAuditSpecifications to skip.
        All Custom Errors (User Defined Messages). Use -Exclude CustomErrors to skip.
        Copies All Data Collector collection sets. Does not configure the server. Use -Exclude DataCollector to skip.

        This script provides the ability to migrate databases using detach/copy/attach or backup/restore. SQL Server logins, including passwords, SID and database/server roles can also be migrated. In addition, job server objects can be migrated and server configuration settings can be exported or migrated. This script works with named instances, clusters and SQL Express.

        By default, databases will be migrated to the destination SQL Server's default data and log directories. You can override this by specifying -ReuseSourceFolderStructure. Filestreams and filegroups are also migrated. Safety is emphasized.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You may specify multiple servers.

        Note that when using -BackupRestore with multiple servers, the backup will only be performed once and backups will be deleted at the end (if you didn't specify -ExcludeBackupCleanup).

        When using -DetachAttach with multiple servers, -Reattach must be specified.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER BackupRestore
        If this switch is enabled, the Copy-Only backup and restore method is used to perform database migrations. You must specify -SharedPath with a valid UNC format as well (\\server\share).

    .PARAMETER SharedPath
        Specifies the network location for the backup files. The SQL Server service accounts on both Source and Destination must have read/write permission to access this location.

    .PARAMETER WithReplace
        If this switch is enabled, databases are restored from backup using WITH REPLACE. This is useful if you want to stage some complex file paths.

    .PARAMETER ReuseSourceFolderStructure
        If this switch is enabled, the data and log directory structures on Source will be kept on Destination. Otherwise, databases will be migrated to Destination's default data and log directories.

        Consider this if you're migrating between different versions and use part of Microsoft's default SQL structure (MSSQL12.INSTANCE, etc.).

    .PARAMETER DetachAttach
        If this switch is enabled, the the detach/copy/attach method is used to perform database migrations. No files are deleted on Source. If the destination attachment fails, the source database will be reattached. File copies are performed over administrative shares (\\server\x$\mssql) using BITS. If a database is being mirrored, the mirror will be broken prior to migration.

    .PARAMETER Reattach
        If this switch is enabled, all databases are reattached to Source after a DetachAttach migration is complete.

    .PARAMETER NoRecovery
        If this switch is enabled, databases will be left in the No Recovery state to enable further backups to be added.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSupportDbs
        If this switch is enabled, the ReportServer, ReportServerTempDb, SSIDb, and distribution databases will be migrated if they exist. A logfile named $SOURCE-$DESTINATION-$date-Sqls.csv will be written to the current directory. Requires -BackupRestore or -DetachAttach.

    .PARAMETER SetSourceReadOnly
        If this switch is enabled, all migrated databases will be set to ReadOnly on the source instance prior to detach/attach & backup/restore. If -Reattach is specified, the database is set to read-only after reattaching.

    
    .PARAMETER Exclude
        Exclude one or more objects to migrate
    
        Databases
        Logins
        AgentServer
        Credentials
        LinkedServers
        SpConfigure
        CentralManagementServer
        DatabaseMail
        SysDbUserObjects
        SystemTriggers
        BackupDevices
        Audits
        Endpoints
        ExtendedEvents
        PolicyManagement
        ResourceGovernor
        ServerAuditSpecifications
        CustomErrors
        DataCollector

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSaRename
        If this switch is enabled, the sa account will not be renamed on the destination instance to match the source.

    .PARAMETER DisableJobsOnDestination
        If this switch is enabled, migrated SQL Agent jobs will be disabled on the destination instance.

    .PARAMETER DisableJobsOnSource
        If this switch is enabled, SQL Agent jobs will be disabled on the source instance.

    .PARAMETER UseLastBackup
        Use the last full, diff and logs instead of performing backups. Note that the backups must exist in a location accessible by all destination servers, such a network share.

    .PARAMETER Continue
        If specified, will to attempt to restore transaction log backups on top of existing database(s) in Recovering or Standby states. Only usable with -UseLastBackup

    .PARAMETER Force
        If migrating users, forces drop and recreate of SQL and Windows logins.
        If migrating databases, deletes existing databases with matching names.
        If using -DetachAttach, -Force will break mirrors and drop dbs from Availability Groups.

        For other migration objects, it will just drop existing items and readd, if -force is supported within the underlying function.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaMigration

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaMigration -Source sqlserver\instance -Destination sqlcluster -DetachAttach

        All databases, logins, job objects and sp_configure options will be migrated from sqlserver\instance to sqlcluster. Databases will be migrated using the detach/copy files/attach method. Dbowner will be updated. User passwords, SIDs, database roles and server roles will be migrated along with the login.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $params = @{
        >> Source = "sqlcluster"
        >> Destination = "sql2016"
        >> SourceSqlCredential = $scred
        >> DestinationSqlCredential = $cred
        >> SharedPath = "\\fileserver\share\sqlbackups\Migration"
        >> BackupRestore = $true
        >> ReuseSourceFolderStructure" = $true
        >> Force = $true
        >> }
        >>
        PS C:\> Start-DbaMigration @params -Verbose

        Utilizes splatting technique to set all the needed parameters. This will migrate databases using the backup/restore method. It will also include migration of the logins, database mail configuration, credentials, SQL Agent, Central Management Server, and SQL Server global configuration.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaMigration -Verbose -Source sqlcluster -Destination sql2016 -DetachAttach -Reattach -SetSourceReadonly

        Migrates databases using detach/copy/attach. Reattach at source and set source databases read-only. Also migrates everything else.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $PSDefaultParameters = @{
        >> "dbatools:Source" = "sqlcluster"
        >> "dbatools:Destination" = "sql2016"
        >> }
        >>
        PS C:\> Start-DbaMigration -Verbose -Exclude Databases, Logins

        Utilizes the PSDefaultParameterValues system variable, and sets the Source and Destination parameters for any function in the module that has those parameter names. This prevents the need from passing them in constantly.
        The execution of the function will migrate everything but logins and databases.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [switch]$DetachAttach,
        [switch]$Reattach,
        [switch]$BackupRestore,
        [Alias("NetworkShare")]
        [parameter(HelpMessage = "Specify a valid network share in the format \\server\share that can be accessed by your account and both Sql Server service accounts.")]
        [string]$SharedPath,
        [switch]$WithReplace,
        [switch]$NoRecovery,
        [switch]$SetSourceReadOnly,
        [switch]$ReuseSourceFolderStructure,
        [switch]$IncludeSupportDbs,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [ValidateSet('Databases', 'Logins', 'AgentServer', 'Credentials', 'LinkedServers', 'SpConfigure', 'CentralManagementServer', 'DatabaseMail', 'SysDbUserObjects', 'SystemTriggers', 'BackupDevices', 'Audits', 'Endpoints', 'ExtendedEvents', 'PolicyManagement', 'ResourceGovernor', 'ServerAuditSpecifications', 'CustomErrors', 'DataCollector')]
        [string[]]$Exclude,
        [switch]$DisableJobsOnDestination,
        [switch]$DisableJobsOnSource,
        [switch]$ExcludeSaRename,
        [switch]$UseLastBackup,
        [switch]$Continue,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter NetworkShare -CustomMessage "Using the parameter NetworkShare is deprecated. This parameter will be removed in version 1.0.0 or before. Use SharedPath instead."
        
        if ($Exclude -notcontains "Databases") {
            if (-not $BackupRestore -and -not $DetachAttach) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a database migration method (-BackupRestore or -DetachAttach) or -Exclude Databases"
                return
            }
        }
        
        $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
        $started = Get-Date
        $sourceserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential

        if ($BackupRestore -and (-not $SharedPath -and -not $UseLastBackup)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "When using -BackupRestore, you must specify -SharedPath or -UseLastBackup"
            return
        }
        if ($SharedPath -and $UseLastBackup) {
            Stop-Function -Message "-SharedPath cannot be used with -UseLastBackup because the backup path is determined by the paths in the last backups"
            return
        }
        if ($DetachAttach -and -not $Reattach -and $Destination.Count -gt 1) {
            Stop-Function -Message "When using -DetachAttach with multiple servers, you must specify -Reattach to reattach database at source"
            return
        }
        if ($Continue -and -not $UseLastBackup) {
            Stop-Function -Message "-Continue cannot be used without -UseLastBackup"
            return
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        # testing twice for whatif reasons
        if ($BackupRestore -and (-not $SharedPath -and -not $UseLastBackup)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "When using -BackupRestore, you must specify -SharedPath or -UseLastBackup"
            return
        }
        if ($SharedPath -and $UseLastBackup) {
            Stop-Function -Message "-SharedPath cannot be used with -UseLastBackup because the backup path is determined by the paths in the last backups"
            return
        }
        if ($DetachAttach -and -not $Reattach -and $Destination.Count -gt 1) {
            Stop-Function -Message "When using -DetachAttach with multiple servers, you must specify -Reattach to reattach database at source"
            return
        }
        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'SpConfigure') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating SQL Server Configuration"
            Copy-DbaSpConfigure -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'CustomErrors') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating custom errors (user defined messages)"
            Copy-DbaCustomError -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'Credentials') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating SQL credentials"
            Copy-DbaCredential -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'DatabaseMail') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating database mail"
            Copy-DbaDbMail -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'CentralManagementServer') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Central Management Server"
            Copy-DbaCmsRegServer -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'BackupDevices') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Backup Devices"
            Copy-DbaBackupDevice -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'SystemTriggers') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating System Triggers"
            Copy-DbaServerTrigger -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'Databases') {
            # Do it
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating databases"
            if ($BackupRestore) {
                if ($UseLastBackup) {
                    Copy-DbaDatabase -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -AllDatabases -SetSourceReadOnly:$SetSourceReadOnly -ReuseSourceFolderStructure:$ReuseSourceFolderStructure -BackupRestore -Force:$Force -NoRecovery:$NoRecovery -WithReplace:$WithReplace -IncludeSupportDbs:$IncludeSupportDbs -UseLastBackup:$UseLastBackup -Continue:$Continue
                } else {
                    Copy-DbaDatabase -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -AllDatabases -SetSourceReadOnly:$SetSourceReadOnly -ReuseSourceFolderStructure:$ReuseSourceFolderStructure -BackupRestore -SharedPath $SharedPath -Force:$Force -NoRecovery:$NoRecovery -WithReplace:$WithReplace -IncludeSupportDbs:$IncludeSupportDbs
                }
            } else {
                Copy-DbaDatabase -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -AllDatabases -SetSourceReadOnly:$SetSourceReadOnly -ReuseSourceFolderStructure:$ReuseSourceFolderStructure -DetachAttach:$DetachAttach -Reattach:$Reattach -Force:$Force -IncludeSupportDbs:$IncludeSupportDbs
            }
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'Logins') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating logins"
            $syncit = $ExcludeSaRename -eq $false
            Copy-DbaLogin -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force -SyncSaName:$syncit
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'Logins' -and $Exclude -notcontains 'Databases' -and -not $NoRecovery) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Updating database owners to match newly migrated logins"
            foreach ($dest in $Destination) {
                $null = Update-SqlDbOwner -Source $sourceserver -Destination $dest -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
            }
        }
        
        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'LinkedServers') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating linked servers"
            Copy-DbaLinkedServer -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }
        
        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'DataCollector') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Data Collector collection sets"
            Copy-DbaDataCollector -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'Audits') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Audits"
            Copy-DbaServerAudit -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'ServerAuditSpecifications') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Server Audit Specifications"
            Copy-DbaServerAuditSpecification -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'Endpoints') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Endpoints"
            Copy-DbaEndpoint -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'PolicyManagement') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Policy Management"
            Copy-DbaPolicyManagement -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'ResourceGovernor') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Resource Governor"
            Copy-DbaResourceGovernor -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'SysDbUserObjects') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating user objects in system databases (this can take a second)."
            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Copying user objects.")) {
                Copy-DbaSysDbUserObject -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$force
            }
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'ExtendedEvents') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating Extended Events"
            Copy-DbaXESession -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -Force:$Force
        }

        if ($Exclude -notcontains 'AgentServer') {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migrating job server"
            Copy-DbaAgentServer -Source $sourceserver -Destination $Destination -DestinationSqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -DisableJobsOnDestination:$DisableJobsOnDestination -DisableJobsOnSource:$DisableJobsOnSource -Force:$Force
        }
    }
    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        $totaltime = ($elapsed.Elapsed.toString().Split(".")[0])
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server migration complete."
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migration started: $started"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Migration completed: $(Get-Date)"
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Total Elapsed time: $totaltime"
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Starts Performance Monitor Data Collector Set.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Starts Performance Monitor Data Collector Set.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials. To use:

        $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER CollectorSet
        The name of the Collector Set to start.

    .PARAMETER NoWait
        If this switch is enabled, the collector is started and the results are returned immediately.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet via the pipeline.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: PerfMon
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

        Attempts to start all ready Collectors on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017

        Attempts to start all ready Collectors on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 -Credential ad\sqldba -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'

        Starts the 'System Correlation' Collector on sql2017 and sql2016 using alternative credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Start-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

        Starts the 'System Correlation' Collector.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$NoWait,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $wait = $NoWait -eq $false

        $setscript = {
            $setname = $args[0]; $wait = $args[1]
            $collectorset = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            $collectorset.Query($setname, $null)
            $null = $collectorset.Start($wait)
        }
    }
    process {
        
        
        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet
            }
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.DataCollectorSetObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet."
                return
            }
        }

        # Check to see if its running first
        foreach ($set in $InputObject) {
            $setname = $set.Name
            $computer = $set.ComputerName
            $status = $set.State
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$setname on $ComputerName is $status."
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Starting Performance Monitor collection set")) {
                if ($status -eq "Running") {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$setname on $computer is already running." -Continue
                }
                if ($status -eq "Disabled") {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$setname on $computer is disabled." -Continue
                }
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $setname, $wait -ErrorAction Stop
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure starting $setname on $computer." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }

                Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $setname
            }
        }
    }
}
function Start-DbaService {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Starts SQL Server services on a computer.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Starts the SQL Server related services on one or more computers. Will follow SQL Server service dependencies.

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER InstanceName
        Only affects services that belong to the specific instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Use -Type to collect only services of the desired SqlServiceType.
        Can be one of the following: "Agent","Browser","Engine","FullText","SSAS","SSIS","SSRS"

    .PARAMETER Timeout
        How long to wait for the start/stop request completion before moving on. Specify 0 to wait indefinitely.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of services from Get-DbaService

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Service, SqlServer, Instance, Connect
        Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaService

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaService -ComputerName sqlserver2014a

        Starts the SQL Server related services on computer sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql1','sql2','sql3'| Get-DbaService | Start-DbaService

        Gets the SQL Server related services on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3 and starts them.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaService -ComputerName sql1,sql2 -Instance MSSQLSERVER

        Starts the SQL Server services related to the default instance MSSQLSERVER on computers sql1 and sql2.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaService -ComputerName $MyServers -Type SSRS

        Starts the SQL Server related services of type "SSRS" (Reporting Services) on computers in the variable MyServers.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Server", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Server", Position = 1)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [Alias("Instance")]
        [string[]]$InstanceName,
        [ValidateSet("Agent", "Browser", "Engine", "FullText", "SSAS", "SSIS", "SSRS")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Service")]
        [Alias("ServiceCollection")]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [int]$Timeout = 60,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $processArray = @()
        if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "Server") {
            $serviceParams = @{ ComputerName = $ComputerName }
            if ($InstanceName) { $serviceParams.InstanceName = $InstanceName }
            if ($Type) { $serviceParams.Type = $Type }
            if ($Credential) { $serviceParams.Credential = $Credential }
            if ($EnableException) { $serviceParams.EnableException = $EnableException }
            $InputObject = Get-DbaService @serviceParams
        }
    }
    process {
        #Get all the objects from the pipeline before proceeding
        $processArray += $InputObject
    }
    end {
        $processArray = $processArray | Where-Object { (!$InstanceName -or $_.InstanceName -in $InstanceName) -and (!$Type -or $_.ServiceType -in $Type) }
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$ProcessArray", "Starting Service")) {
            if ($processArray) {
                Update-ServiceStatus -InputObject $processArray -Action 'start' -Timeout $Timeout -EnableException $EnableException
            } else {
                Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "No SQL Server services found with current parameters." -Category ObjectNotFound
            }
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Start-DbaSqlService
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Start-DbaTrace {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Starts SQL Server traces

    .DESCRIPTION
        Starts SQL Server traces

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Id
        A list of trace ids

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Internal parameter for piping

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Trace
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008

        Starts all traces on sql2008

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008 -Id 1

        Starts all trace with ID 1 on sql2008

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008 | Out-GridView -PassThru | Start-DbaTrace

        Starts selected traces on sql2008

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$Id,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject -and $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Id $Id
        }

        foreach ($trace in $InputObject) {
            if (-not $trace.id -and -not $trace.Parent) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Input is of the wrong type. Use Get-DbaTrace." -Continue
                return
            }

            $server = $trace.Parent
            $traceid = $trace.id
            $default = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $server -Default

            if ($default.id -eq $traceid) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The default trace on $server cannot be started. Use Set-DbaSpConfigure to turn it on." -Continue
            }

            $sql = "sp_trace_setstatus $traceid, 1"
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($traceid, "Starting the TraceID on $server")) {
                try {
                    $server.Query($sql)
                    Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $server -Id $traceid
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                    return
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Start-DbaXESession {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Starts Extended Events sessions.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This script starts Extended Events sessions on a SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Session
        Only start specific Extended Events sessions.

    .PARAMETER AllSessions
        Start all Extended Events sessions on an instance, ignoring the packaged sessions: AlwaysOn_health, system_health, telemetry_xevents.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Internal parameter to support piping from Get-DbaXESession

    .PARAMETER StopAt
        Specifies a datetime at which the session will be stopped. This is done via a self-deleting schedule.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Doug Meyers

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaXESession

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AllSessions

        Starts all Extended Event Session on the sqlserver2014 instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Session xesession1,xesession2

        Starts the xesession1 and xesession2 Extended Event sessions.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Start-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Session xesession1,xesession2 -StopAt (Get-Date).AddMinutes(30)

        Starts the xesession1 and xesession2 Extended Event sessions and stops them in 30 minutes.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Session xesession1 | Start-DbaXESession

        Starts the sessions returned from the Get-DbaXESession function.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = 'Session')]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "", Justification = "Internal functions are ignored")]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [Alias("Sessions")]
        [object[]]$Session,
        [datetime]$StopAt,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [switch]$AllSessions,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'Object')]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Start each XESession
        function Start-XESessions {
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param ([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$xeSessions)

            foreach ($xe in $xeSessions) {
                $instance = $xe.Parent.Name
                $session = $xe.Name

                if (-Not $xe.isRunning) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting XEvent Session $session on $instance."
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$instance", "Starting XEvent Session $session")) {
                        try {
                            $xe.Start()
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not start XEvent Session on $instance." -Target $session -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$session on $instance is already running."
                }
                Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $xe.Parent -Session $session
            }
        }

        function New-StopJob {
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param (
                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$xeSessions,
                [datetime]$StopAt
            )

            foreach ($xe in $xeSessions) {
                $server = $xe.Parent
                $session = $xe.Name
                $name = "XE Session Stop - $session"
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$Server", "Making New XEvent StopJob for $session")) {
                    # Setup the schedule time
                    $time = $(($StopAt).ToString("HHmmss"))

                    # Create the schedule
                    $schedule = New-DbaAgentSchedule -SqlInstance $server -Schedule $name -FrequencyType Once -StartTime $time -Force

                    # Create the job and attach the schedule
                    $job = New-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $server -Job $name -Schedule $schedule -DeleteLevel Always -Force

                    # Create the job step
                    $sql = "ALTER EVENT SESSION [$session] ON SERVER STATE = stop;"
                    #Variable $jobstep marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replace with $null to catch output
                    $null = New-DbaAgentJobStep -SqlInstance $server -Job $job -StepName 'T-SQL Stop' -Subsystem TransactSql -Command $sql -Force
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if ($InputObject) {
            Start-XESessions $InputObject
        } else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                $xeSessions = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

                # Filter xeSessions based on parameters
                if ($Session) {
                    $xeSessions = $xeSessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Session }
                } elseif ($AllSessions) {
                    $systemSessions = @('AlwaysOn_health', 'system_health', 'telemetry_xevents')
                    $xeSessions = $xeSessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $systemSessions }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$instance", "Configuring XEvent Session $session to start")) {
                    Start-XESessions $xeSessions

                    if ($StopAt) {
                        New-StopJob -xeSessions $xeSessions -StopAt $stopat
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Start-DbaXESmartTarget {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        XESmartTarget runs as a client application for an Extended Events session running on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        XESmartTarget offers the ability to set up complex actions in response to Extended Events captured in sessions, without writing a single line of code.

        See more at https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Session
        Name of the Extended Events session to attach to.

        You can monitor a single session with an instance of XESmartTarget. In case you need to perform action on multiple sessions, run an additional instance of XESmartTarget, with its own configuration file.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the name of the database that contains the target table.

    .PARAMETER FailOnProcessingError
        If this switch is enabled, the a processing error will trigger a failure.

    .PARAMETER Responder
        The list of responses can include zero or more Response objects, each to be configured by specifying values for their public members.

    .PARAMETER Template
        Path to the dbatools built-in templates

    .PARAMETER NotAsJob
        If this switch is enabled, output will be sent to screen indefinitely. BY default, a job will be run in the background.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl) | SmartTarget by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaXESmartTarget

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\>$response = New-DbaXESmartQueryExec -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database dbadb -Query "update table set whatever = 1"
        PS C:\>Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session deadlock_tracker -Responder $response

        Executes a T-SQL command against dbadb on sql2017 whenever a deadlock event is recorded.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\>$response = New-DbaXESmartQueryExec -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database dbadb -Query "update table set whatever = 1"
        PS C:\>$params = @{
        >> SmtpServer = "smtp.ad.local"
        >> To = "[email protected]"
        >> Sender = "[email protected]"
        >> Subject = "Query executed"
        >> Body = "Query executed at {collection_time}"
        >> Attachment = "batch_text"
        >> AttachmentFileName = "query.sql"
        >> }
        PS C:\> $emailresponse = New-DbaXESmartEmail @params
        PS C:\> Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session querytracker -Responder $response, $emailresponse

        Executes a T-SQL command against dbadb on sql2017 and sends an email whenever a querytracker event is recorded.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $columns = "cpu_time", "duration", "physical_reads", "logical_reads", "writes", "row_count", "batch_text"
        PS C:\> $response = New-DbaXESmartTableWriter -SqlInstance sql2017 -Database dbadb -Table deadlocktracker -OutputColumns $columns -Filter "duration > 10000"
        PS C:\> Start-DbaXESmartTarget -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session deadlock_tracker -Responder $response

        Writes Extended Events to the deadlocktracker table in dbadb on sql2017.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Database,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$Session,
        [switch]$FailOnProcessingError,
        [object[]]$Responder,
        [string[]]$Template,
        [switch]$NotAsJob,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function Start-SmartFunction {
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param (
                [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
                [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
                [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
                [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
                [string]$Database,
                [parameter(Mandatory)]
                [string]$Session,
                [switch]$FailOnProcessingError,
                [object[]]$Responder,
                [string[]]$Template,
                [switch]$NotAsJob,
                [switch]$EnableException
            )
            begin {
                try {
                    Add-Type -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not load XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "XESmartTarget"
                    return
                }
            }
            process {
                if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

                foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                    try {
                        $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                    }

                    $target = New-Object -TypeName XESmartTarget.Core.Target
                    $target.ServerName = $instance
                    $target.SessionName = $Session
                    $target.FailOnProcessingError = $FailOnProcessingError

                    if ($SqlCredential) {
                        $target.UserName = $SqlCredential.UserName
                        $target.Password = $SqlCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
                    }

                    foreach ($response in $Responder) {
                        $target.Responses.Add($response)
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$instance", "Starting SmartTarget on $($server.name)")) {
                        try {
                            $target.Start()
                        } catch {
                            $message = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException | Out-String

                            if ($message) {
                                Stop-Function -Message $message -Target "XESmartTarget" -Continue
                            } else {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target "XESmartTarget" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if (-not ($xesession = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Session $Session)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Session $Session does not exist on $instance."
                return
            }
            if ($xesession.Status -ne "Running") {
                Stop-Function -Message "Session $Session on $instance is not running."
                return
            }
        }
        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$instance", "Configuring SmartTarget to start")) {
            if ($NotAsJob) {
                Start-SmartFunction @PSBoundParameters
            } else {
                $date = (Get-Date -UFormat "%H%M%S") #"%m%d%Y%H%M%S"
                Start-Job -Name "XESmartTarget-$session-$date" -ArgumentList $PSBoundParameters, $script:PSModuleRoot -ScriptBlock {
                    param (
                        $Parameters,
                        $ModulePath
                    )
                    Import-Module "$ModulePath\dbatools.psd1"
                    Add-Type -Path "$ModulePath\bin\XESmartTarget\XESmartTarget.Core.dll" -ErrorAction Stop
                    $params = @{
                        SqlInstance = $Parameters.SqlInstance.InputObject
                        Database    = $Parameters.Database
                        Session     = $Parameters.Session
                        Responder   = @()
                    }
                    if ($Parameters.SqlCredential) {
                        $params["SqlCredential"] = $Parameters.SqlCredential
                    }
                    foreach ($responder in $Parameters.Responder) {
                        $typename = $responder.PSObject.TypeNames[0] -replace "^Deserialized\.", ""
                        $newResponder = New-Object -TypeName $typename
                        foreach ($property in $responder.PSObject.Properties) {
                            if ($property.Value) {
                                if ($property.Value -is [Array]) {
                                    $name = $property.Name
                                    $newResponder.$name = [object[]]$property.Value
                                } else {
                                    $name = $property.Name
                                    $newResponder.$name = $property.Value
                                }
                            }

                        }
                        $params["Responder"] += $newResponder
                    }

                    Start-DbaXESmartTarget @params -NotAsJob -FailOnProcessingError
                } | Select-Object -Property ID, Name, State
            }
        }
    }
}
function Stop-DbaAgentJob {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Stops a running SQL Server Agent Job.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command stops a job then returns connected SMO object for SQL Agent Job information for each instance(s) of SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        The job(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
        The job(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Wait
        Wait for output until the job has completely stopped

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Internal parameter that enables piping

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Job, Agent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaAgentJob

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance localhost

        Stops all running SQL Agent Jobs on the local SQL Server instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 -Job cdc.DBWithCDC_capture | Stop-DbaAgentJob

        Stops the cdc.DBWithCDC_capture SQL Agent Job on sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance sql2016 -Job cdc.DBWithCDC_capture

        Stops the cdc.DBWithCDC_capture SQL Agent Job on sql2016

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Instance")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Job,
        [string[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Object")]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Agent.Job[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Wait,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $InputObject += $server.JobServer.Jobs

            if ($Job) {
                $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object Name -In $Job
            }
            if ($ExcludeJob) {
                $InputObject = $InputObject | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeJob
            }
        }

        foreach ($currentjob in $InputObject) {

            $server = $currentjob.Parent.Parent
            $status = $currentjob.CurrentRunStatus

            if ($status -eq 'Idle') {
                Stop-Function -Message "$currentjob on $server is idle ($status)" -Target $currentjob -Continue
            }

            If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Stopping job $currentjob")) {
                $null = $currentjob.Stop()
                Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 300
                $currentjob.Refresh()

                $waits = 0
                while ($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus -ne 'Idle' -and $waits++ -lt 10) {
                    Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100
                    $currentjob.Refresh()
                }

                if ($wait) {
                    while ($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus -ne 'Idle') {
                        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "$currentjob is $($currentjob.CurrentRunStatus)"
                        Start-Sleep -Seconds 3
                        $currentjob.Refresh()
                    }
                    $currentjob
                } else {
                    $currentjob
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Stop-DbaEndpoint {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Stops endpoints on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Stops endpoints on a SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Endpoint
        Only stop specific endpoints.

    .PARAMETER AllEndpoints
        Stops all endpoints on an instance.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-Endpoint.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Endpoint
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaEndpoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance sql2017a -AllEndpoints

        Stops all endpoints on the sqlserver2014 instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance sql2017a -Endpoint endpoint1,endpoint2

        Stops the endpoint1 and endpoint2 endpoints.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-Endpoint -SqlInstance sql2017a -Endpoint endpoint1 | Stop-DbaEndpoint

        Stops the endpoints returned from the Get-Endpoint command.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$EndPoint,
        [switch]$AllEndpoints,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Endpoint[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance) -And (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Endpoint, AllEndpoints)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify AllEndpoints or Endpoint when using the SqlInstance parameter."
            return
        }
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -EndPoint $Endpoint
        }

        foreach ($ep in $InputObject) {
            try {
                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($ep.Parent.Name, "Stopping $ep")) {
                    $ep.Stop()
                    $ep
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Stops Performance Monitor Data Collector Set.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Stops Performance Monitor Data Collector Set.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer. Defaults to localhost.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials. To use:

        $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER CollectorSet
        The name of the Collector Set to stop.

    .PARAMETER NoWait
        If this switch is enabled, the collector is stopped and the results are returned immediately.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts the object output by Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet via the pipeline.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: PerfMon
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

        Attempts to stop all ready Collectors on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017

        Attempts to stop all ready Collectors on localhost.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName sql2017, sql2016 -Credential ad\sqldba -CollectorSet 'System Correlation'

        Stops the 'System Correlation' Collector on sql2017 and sql2016 using alternative credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -CollectorSet 'System Correlation' | Stop-DbaPfDataCollectorSet

        Stops the 'System Correlation' Collector.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("DataCollectorSet")]
        [string[]]$CollectorSet,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$NoWait,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
        #$sets = @()
        $wait = $NoWait -eq $false

        $setscript = {
            $setname = $args[0]; $wait = $args[1]
            $collectorset = New-Object -ComObject Pla.DataCollectorSet
            $collectorset.Query($setname, $null)
            $null = $collectorset.Stop($wait)
        }
    }
    process {
        
        
        if (-not $InputObject -or ($InputObject -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName))) {
            foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
                $InputObject += Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $CollectorSet
            }
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            if (-not $InputObject.DataCollectorSetObject) {
                Stop-Function -Message "InputObject is not of the right type. Please use Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet."
                return
            }
        }

        # Check to see if its running first
        foreach ($set in $InputObject) {
            $setname = $set.Name
            $computer = $set.ComputerName
            $status = $set.State

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$setname on $ComputerName is $status."
            if ($status -ne "Running") {
                Stop-Function -Message "$setname on $computer is already stopped." -Continue
            }
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($computer, "Stoping Performance Monitor collection set")) {
                try {
                    Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $setscript -ArgumentList $setname, $wait -ErrorAction Stop
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure stopping $setname on $computer." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
                }

                Get-DbaPfDataCollectorSet -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -CollectorSet $setname
            }
        }
    }
}
function Stop-DbaProcess {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This command finds and kills SQL Server processes.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This command kills all spids associated with a spid, login, host, program or database.

        If you are attempting to kill your own login sessions, the process performing the kills will be skipped.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Spid
        Specifies one or more spids to be killed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Login
        Specifies one or more login names whose processes will be killed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server and only login names that have active processes are offered.

    .PARAMETER Hostname
        Specifies one or more client hostnames whose processes will be killed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server and only hostnames that have active processes are offered.

    .PARAMETER Program
        Specifies one or more client programs whose processes will be killed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server and only programs that have active processes are offered.

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies one or more databases whose processes will be killed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server and only databases that have active processes are offered.

        This parameter is auto-populated from -SqlInstance and allows only database names that have active processes. You can specify one or more Databases whose processes will be killed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSpid
        Specifies one or more spids which will not be killed. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.

        Exclude is the last filter to run, so even if a spid matches (for example) Hosts, if it's listed in Exclude it wil be excluded.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        This is the process object passed by Get-DbaProcess if using a pipeline.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Processes
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaProcess

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Login base\ctrlb, sa

        Finds all processes for base\ctrlb and sa on sqlserver2014a, then kills them. Uses Windows Authentication to login to sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $credential -Spid 56, 77

        Finds processes for spid 56 and 57, then kills them. Uses alternative (SQL or Windows) credentials to login to sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Program 'Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio'

        Finds processes that were created in Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio, then kills them.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Hostname workstationx, server100

        Finds processes that were initiated (computers/clients) workstationx and server 1000, then kills them.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sqlserver2014  -Database tempdb -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were executed.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaProcess -SqlInstance sql2016 -Program 'dbatools PowerShell module - dbatools.io' | Stop-DbaProcess

        Finds processes that were created with dbatools, then kills them.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Server")]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$Spid,
        [int[]]$ExcludeSpid,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [string[]]$Hostname,
        [string[]]$Program,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Process")]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if (!$InputObject) {
            $InputObject = Get-DbaProcess @PSBoundParameters
        }

        foreach ($session in $InputObject) {
            $sourceserver = $session.Parent

            if (!$sourceserver) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Only process objects can be passed through the pipeline." -Category InvalidData -Target $session
                return
            }

            $currentspid = $session.spid

            if ($sourceserver.ConnectionContext.ProcessID -eq $currentspid) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Skipping spid $currentspid because you cannot use KILL to kill your own process." -Target $session
                Continue
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($sourceserver, "Killing spid $currentspid")) {
                try {
                    $sourceserver.KillProcess($currentspid)
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        SqlInstance = $sourceserver.name
                        Spid        = $session.Spid
                        Login       = $session.Login
                        Host        = $session.Host
                        Database    = $session.Database
                        Program     = $session.Program
                        Status      = 'Killed'
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't kill spid $currentspid." -Target $session -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Stop-DbaService {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Stops SQL Server services on a computer.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Stops the SQL Server related services on one or more computers. Will follow SQL Server service dependencies.

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER InstanceName
        Only affects services that belong to the specific instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the computer as a different user.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Use -Type to collect only services of the desired SqlServiceType.
        Can be one of the following: "Agent","Browser","Engine","FullText","SSAS","SSIS","SSRS"

    .PARAMETER Timeout
        How long to wait for the start/stop request completion before moving on. Specify 0 to wait indefinitely.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of services from Get-DbaService

    .PARAMETER Force
        Use this switch to stop dependent services before proceeding with the specified service

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.

    .PARAMETER Force
        Will stop dependent SQL Server agents when stopping Engine services.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Service, Stop
        Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaService

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaService -ComputerName sqlserver2014a

        Stops the SQL Server related services on computer sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> 'sql1','sql2','sql3'| Get-DbaService | Stop-DbaService

        Gets the SQL Server related services on computers sql1, sql2 and sql3 and stops them.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaService -ComputerName sql1,sql2 -Instance MSSQLSERVER

        Stops the SQL Server services related to the default instance MSSQLSERVER on computers sql1 and sql2.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaService -ComputerName $MyServers -Type SSRS

        Stops the SQL Server related services of type "SSRS" (Reporting Services) on computers in the variable MyServers.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaService -ComputerName sql1 -Type Engine -Force

        Stops SQL Server database engine services on sql1 forcing dependent SQL Server Agent services to stop as well.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Server", SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Server", Position = 1)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [Alias("Instance")]
        [string[]]$InstanceName,
        [ValidateSet("Agent", "Browser", "Engine", "FullText", "SSAS", "SSIS", "SSRS")]
        [string[]]$Type,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "Service")]
        [Alias("ServiceCollection")]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [int]$Timeout = 60,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Force,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $processArray = @()
        if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "Server") {
            $serviceParams = @{ ComputerName = $ComputerName }
            if ($InstanceName) { $serviceParams.InstanceName = $InstanceName }
            if ($Type) { $serviceParams.Type = $Type }
            if ($Credential) { $serviceParams.Credential = $Credential }
            if ($EnableException) { $serviceParams.Silent = $EnableException }
            $InputObject = Get-DbaService @serviceParams
        }
    }
    process {
        #Get all the objects from the pipeline before proceeding
        $processArray += $InputObject
    }
    end {
        $processArray = [array]($processArray | Where-Object { (!$InstanceName -or $_.InstanceName -in $InstanceName) -and (!$Type -or $_.ServiceType -in $Type) })
        foreach ($service in $processArray) {
            if ($Force -and $service.ServiceType -eq 'Engine' -and !($processArray | Where-Object { $_.ServiceType -eq 'Agent' -and $_.InstanceName -eq $service.InstanceName -and $_.ComputerName -eq $service.ComputerName })) {
                #Construct parameters to call Get-DbaService
                $serviceParams = @{
                    ComputerName = $service.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $service.InstanceName
                    Type         = 'Agent'
                }
                if ($Credential) { $serviceParams.Credential = $Credential }
                if ($EnableException) { $serviceParams.EnableException = $EnableException }
                $processArray += @(Get-DbaService @serviceParams)
            }
        }
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("$ProcessArray", "Stopping Service")) {
            if ($processArray) {
                Update-ServiceStatus -InputObject $processArray -Action 'stop' -Timeout $Timeout -EnableException $EnableException
            } else {
                Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "No SQL Server services found with current parameters." -Category ObjectNotFound
            }
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Stop-DbaSqlService
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Stop-DbaTrace {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Stops SQL Server traces

    .DESCRIPTION
        Stops SQL Server traces

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Id
        A list of trace ids

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Internal parameter for piping

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Security, Trace
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008

        Stops all traces on sql2008

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008 -Id 1

        Stops all trace with ID 1 on sql2008

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance sql2008 | Out-GridView -PassThru | Stop-DbaTrace

        Stops selected traces on sql2008

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [int[]]$Id,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not $InputObject -and $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Id $Id
        }

        foreach ($trace in $InputObject) {
            if (-not $trace.id -and -not $trace.Parent) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Input is of the wrong type. Use Get-DbaTrace." -Continue
                return
            }

            $server = $trace.Parent
            $traceid = $trace.id
            $default = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $server -Default

            if ($default.id -eq $traceid) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The default trace on $server cannot be stopped. Use Set-DbaSpConfigure to turn it off." -Continue
            }

            $sql = "sp_trace_setstatus $traceid, 0"

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($traceid, "Stopping the TraceID on $server")) {
                try {
                    $server.Query($sql)
                    $output = Get-DbaTrace -SqlInstance $server -Id $traceid
                    if (-not $output) {
                        $output = [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName      = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName      = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Id                = $traceid
                            Status            = $null
                            IsRunning         = $false
                            Path              = $null
                            MaxSize           = $null
                            StopTime          = $null
                            MaxFiles          = $null
                            IsRowset          = $null
                            IsRollover        = $null
                            IsShutdown        = $null
                            IsDefault         = $null
                            BufferCount       = $null
                            BufferSize        = $null
                            FilePosition      = $null
                            ReaderSpid        = $null
                            StartTime         = $null
                            LastEventTime     = $null
                            EventCount        = $null
                            DroppedEventCount = $null
                            Parent            = $server
                        } | Select-DefaultView -Property 'ComputerName', 'InstanceName', 'SqlInstance', 'Id', 'IsRunning'
                    }
                    $output
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                    return
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Stop-DbaXESession {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Stops Extended Events sessions.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This script stops Extended Events sessions on a SQL Server instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Session
        Specifies individual Extended Events sessions to stop.

    .PARAMETER AllSessions
        If this switch is enabled, all Extended Events sessions will be stopped except the packaged sessions AlwaysOn_health, system_health, telemetry_xevents.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts the object output by Get-DbaXESession as the list of sessions to be stopped.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Doug Meyers

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaXESession

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -AllSessions

        Stops all Extended Event Session on the sqlserver2014 instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Stop-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Session xesession1,xesession2

        Stops the xesession1 and xesession2 Extended Event sessions.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sqlserver2012 -Session xesession1 | Stop-DbaXESession

        Stops the sessions returned from the Get-DbaXESession function.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = 'Session')]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "", Justification = "Internal functions are ignored")]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [parameter(Position = 1, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,

        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Session')]
        [Alias("Sessions")]
        [object[]]$Session,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'All')]
        [switch]$AllSessions,

        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'Object')]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Stop each XESession
        function Stop-XESessions {
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param ([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session[]]$xeSessions)

            foreach ($xe in $xeSessions) {
                $instance = $xe.Parent.Name
                $session = $xe.Name
                if ($xe.isRunning) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Stopping XEvent Session $session on $instance."
                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$instance", "Stopping XEvent Session $session")) {
                        try {
                            $xe.Stop()
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Could not stop XEvent Session on $instance" -Target $session -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$session on $instance is already stopped"
                }
                Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $xe.Parent -Session $session
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        if ($InputObject) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Configuring XEvent Sessions to stop")) {
                Stop-XESessions $InputObject
            }
        } else {
            foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
                $xeSessions = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

                # Filter xesessions based on parameters
                if ($Session) {
                    $xeSessions = $xeSessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Session }
                } elseif ($AllSessions) {
                    $systemSessions = @('AlwaysOn_health', 'system_health', 'telemetry_xevents')
                    $xeSessions = $xeSessions | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin $systemSessions }
                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$instance", "Configuring XEvent Session $xeSessions to Stop")) {
                    Stop-XESessions $xeSessions
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Stop-DbaXESmartTarget {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Stops an XESmartTarget PowerShell job. Useful if you want to run a target, but not right now.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Stops an XESmartTarget PowerShell job. Useful if you want to run a target, but not right now.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        The XESmartTarget job object.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl) | SmartTarget by Gianluca Sartori (@spaghettidba)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Stop-DbaXESmartTarget
        https://github.com/spaghettidba/XESmartTarget/wiki

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESmartTarget | Stop-DbaXESmartTarget

        Stops all XESmartTarget jobs.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESmartTarget | Where-Object Id -eq 2 | Stop-DbaXESmartTarget

        Stops a specific XESmartTarget job.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("localhost", "Stopping job $id")) {
            try {
                $id = $InputObject.Id
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Stopping job $id, this may take a couple minutes."
                Get-Job -ID $InputObject.Id | Stop-Job
                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Successfully Stopped $id. If you need to remove the job for good, use Remove-DbaXESmartTarget."
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Suspend-DbaAgDbDataMovement {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Suspends data movement for an availability group database on a SQL Server instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Suspends data movement for an availability group database on a SQL Server instance.

   .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the SqlInstance instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database or databases to suspend movement upon.

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        The availability group where the database movement will be suspended.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaAgDatabase

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: AvailabilityGroup, HA, AG
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Suspend-DbaAgDbDataMovement

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Suspend-DbaAgDbDataMovement -SqlInstance sql2017a -AvailabilityGroup ag1 -Database db1, db2

        Suspends data movement on db1 and db2 to ag1 on sql2017a. Prompts for confirmation.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance sql2017a, sql2019 | Out-GridView -Passthru | Suspend-DbaAgDbDataMovement -Confirm:$false

        Suspends data movement on the selected availability group databases. Does not prompt for confirmation.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityDatabase[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName SqlInstance)) {
            if ((Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName Database) -and (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName AvailabilityGroup)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify one or more databases and one Availability Groups when using the SqlInstance parameter."
                return
            }
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAgDatabase -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database
        }

        foreach ($agdb in $InputObject) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($ag.Parent.Name, "Seting availability group $db to $($db.Parent.Name)")) {
                try {
                    $null = $agdb.SuspendDataMovement()
                    $agdb
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Sync-DbaAvailabilityGroup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Syncs depdendent objects such as jobs, logins and custom errors for availability groups

    .DESCRIPTION
        Syncs depdendent objects for availability groups. Such objects include:

        SpConfigure
        CustomErrors
        Credentials
        DatabaseMail
        LinkedServers
        Logins
        LoginPermissions
        SystemTriggers
        DatabaseOwner
        AgentCategory
        AgentOperator
        AgentAlert
        AgentProxy
        AgentSchedule
        AgentJob

        Note that any of these can be excluded. For specific object exclusions (such as a single job), using the underlying Copy-Dba* command will be required.

        This command does not filter by which logins are in use by the ag databases or which linked servers are used. All objects that are not excluded will be copied like hulk smash.

    .PARAMETER Primary
        The primary SQL Server instance. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER PrimarySqlCredential
        Login to the primary instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Secondary
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server version must be SQL Server version 2012 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SecondarySqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER AvailabilityGroup
        The name of the Availability Group.

    .PARAMETER Exclude
        Exclude one or more objects to export

        SpConfigure
        CustomErrors
        Credentials
        DatabaseMail
        LinkedServers
        Logins
        LoginPermissions
        SystemTriggers
        DatabaseOwner
        AgentCategory
        AgentOperator
        AgentAlert
        AgentProxy
        AgentSchedule
        AgentJob

    .PARAMETER Login
        Specific logins to sync. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeLogin
        Specific logins to exclude when performing the sync. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.

    .PARAMETER Job
        Specific jobs to sync. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
         Specific jobs to exclude when performing the sync. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup.

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the objects will dropped and recreated on Destination.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: HA
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Sync-DbaAvailabilityGroup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Sync-DbaAvailabilityGroup -Primary sql2016a -AvailabilityGroup db3

        Syncs the following on all replicas found in the db3 AG:
        SpConfigure, CustomErrors, Credentials, DatabaseMail, LinkedServers
        Logins, LoginPermissions, SystemTriggers, DatabaseOwner, AgentCategory,
        AgentOperator, AgentAlert, AgentProxy, AgentScheduleAgentJob

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2016a | Sync-DbaAvailabilityGroup -ExcludeType LoginPermissions, LinkedServers -ExcludeLogin login1, login2 -Job job1, job2

        Syncs the following on all replicas found in the db3 AG:
        SpConfigure, CustomErrors, Credentials, DatabaseMail, Logins,
        SystemTriggers, DatabaseOwner, AgentCategory, AgentOperator
        AgentAlert, AgentProxy, AgentScheduleAgentJob.

        Copies all logins except for login1 and login2 and only syncs job1 and job2

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance sql2016a | Sync-DbaAvailabilityGroup -WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were to run but doesn't actually perform the action.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'Medium')]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Primary,
        [PSCredential]$PrimarySqlCredential,
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Secondary,
        [PSCredential]$SecondarySqlCredential,
        [string]$AvailabilityGroup,
        [Alias("ExcludeType")]
        [ValidateSet('AgentCategory', 'AgentOperator', 'AgentAlert', 'AgentProxy', 'AgentSchedule', 'AgentJob', 'Credentials', 'CustomErrors', 'DatabaseMail', 'DatabaseOwner', 'LinkedServers', 'Logins', 'LoginPermissions', 'SpConfigure', 'SystemTriggers')]
        [string[]]$Exclude,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [string[]]$ExcludeLogin,
        [string[]]$Job,
        [string[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.AvailabilityGroup[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Force,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $allcombos = @()
    }
    process {
        if (-not $AvailabilityGroup -and -not $Secondary -and -not $InputObject) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a secondary or an availability group."
            return
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            $server = $InputObject.Parent
        } else {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Primary -SqlCredential $PrimarySqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Primary
                return
            }
        }

        if ($AvailabilityGroup) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaAvailabilityGroup -SqlInstance $server -AvailabilityGroup $AvailabilityGroup
        }

        if ($InputObject) {
            $Secondary += (($InputObject.AvailabilityReplicas | Where-Object Name -ne $server.DomainInstanceName).Name | Select-Object -Unique)
        }

        if ($Secondary) {
            $Secondary = $Secondary | Sort-Object
            $secondaries = @()
            foreach ($computer in $Secondary) {
                try {
                    $secondaries += Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $computer -SqlCredential $SecondarySqlCredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Primary
                    return
                }
            }
        }

        $thiscombo = [pscustomobject]@{
            PrimaryServer   = $server
            SecondaryServer = $secondaries
        }

        # In the event that someone pipes in an availability group, this will keep the syncer from running a bunch of times
        $dupe = $false

        foreach ($ag in $allcombos) {
            if ($ag.PrimaryServer.Name -eq $thiscombo.PrimaryServer.Name -and
                $ag.SecondaryServer.Name.ToString() -eq $thiscombo.SecondaryServer.Name.ToString()) {
                $dupe = $true
            }
        }

        if ($dupe -eq $false) {
            $allcombos += $thiscombo
        }
    }

    end {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        # now that all combinations have been figured out, begin sync without duplicating work
        foreach ($ag in $allcombos) {
            $server = $ag.PrimaryServer
            $secondaries = $ag.SecondaryServer

            $stepCounter = 0
            $activity = "Syncing availability group $AvailabilityGroup"

            if (-not $secondaries) {
                Stop-Function -Message "No secondaries found."
                return
            }

            $primaryserver = $server.Name
            $secondaryservers = $secondaries.Name -join ", "

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "SpConfigure") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing SQL Server Configuration from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing SQL Server Configuration"
                    Copy-DbaSpConfigure -Source $server -Destination $secondaries
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "Logins") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing logins from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing logins"
                    Copy-DbaLogin -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -ExcludeLogin $ExcludeLogin -Force:$Force
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "DatabaseOwner") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Updating database owners to match newly migrated logins from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Updating database owners to match newly migrated logins"
                    foreach ($sec in $secondaries) {
                        $null = Update-SqlDbOwner -Source $server -Destination $sec
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "CustomErrors") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing custom errors (user defined messages) from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing custom errors (user defined messages)"
                    Copy-DbaCustomError -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -Force:$Force
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "Credentials") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing SQL credentials from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing SQL credentials"
                    Copy-DbaCredential -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -Force:$Force
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "DatabaseMail") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing database mail from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing database mail"
                    Copy-DbaDbMail -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -Force:$Force
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "LinkedServers") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing linked servers from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing linked servers"
                    Copy-DbaLinkedServer -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -Force:$Force
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "SystemTriggers") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing System Triggers from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing System Triggers"
                    Copy-DbaServerTrigger -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -Force:$Force
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "AgentCategory") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing Agent Categories from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing Agent Categories"
                    Copy-DbaAgentJobCategory -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -Force:$force
                    $secondaries.JobServer.JobCategories.Refresh()
                    $secondaries.JobServer.OperatorCategories.Refresh()
                    $secondaries.JobServer.AlertCategories.Refresh()
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "AgentOperator") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing Agent Operators from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing Agent Operators"
                    Copy-DbaAgentOperator -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -Force:$force
                    $secondaries.JobServer.Operators.Refresh()
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "AgentAlert") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing Agent Alerts from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing Agent Alerts"
                    Copy-DbaAgentAlert -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -Force:$force -IncludeDefaults
                    $secondaries.JobServer.Alerts.Refresh()
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "AgentProxy") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing Agent Proxy Accounts from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing Agent Proxy Accounts"
                    Copy-DbaAgentProxy -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -Force:$force
                    $secondaries.JobServer.ProxyAccounts.Refresh()
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "AgentSchedule") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing Agent Schedules from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing Agent Schedules"
                    Copy-DbaAgentSchedule -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -Force:$force
                    $secondaries.JobServer.SharedSchedules.Refresh()
                    $secondaries.JobServer.Refresh()
                    $secondaries.Refresh()
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "AgentJob") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing Agent Jobs from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing Agent Jobs"
                    Copy-DbaAgentJob -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -Force:$force -Job $Job -ExcludeJob $ExcludeJob
                }
            }

            if ($Exclude -notcontains "LoginPermissions") {
                if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing login permissions from $primaryserver to $secondaryservers")) {
                    Write-ProgressHelper -Activity $activity -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Syncing login permissions"
                    Sync-DbaLoginPermission -Source $server -Destination $secondaries -Login $Login -ExcludeLogin $ExcludeLogin
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Sync-DbaLoginPermission {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Copies SQL login permissions from one server to another.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Syncs only SQL Server login permissions, roles, etc. Does not add or drop logins. If a matching login does not exist on the destination, the login will be skipped. Credential removal is not currently supported for this operation.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Login
        The login(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all logins will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeLogin
        The login(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration, Login
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Sync-DbaLoginPermission

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Sync-DbaLoginPermission -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        Syncs only SQL Server login permissions, roles, etc. Does not add or drop logins or users. To copy logins and their permissions, use Copy-SqlLogin.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Sync-DbaLoginPermission -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Exclude realcajun -SourceSqlCredential $scred -DestinationSqlCredential $dcred

        Copies all login permissions except for realcajun using SQL Authentication to connect to each server. If a login already exists on the destination, the permissions will not be migrated.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Sync-DbaLoginPermission -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Login realcajun, netnerds

        Copies permissions ONLY for logins netnerds and realcajun.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Login,
        [string[]]$ExcludeLogin,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        function Sync-Only {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Parameter(Mandatory)]
                [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
                [object]$sourceServer,
                [object]$destServer,
                [array]$Logins,
                [array]$Exclude
            )

            try {
                $sa = Get-SqlSaLogin -SqlInstance $destServer -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                $sa = "sa"
            }

            foreach ($sourceLogin in $sourceServer.Logins) {

                $username = $sourceLogin.Name
                $currentLogin = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.TrueLogin

                if (!$Login -and $currentLogin -eq $username) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Sync does not modify the permissions of the current user. Skipping."
                    continue
                }

                if ($null -ne $Logins -and $Logins -notcontains $username) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($Exclude -contains $username -or $username.StartsWith("##") -or $username -eq $sa) {
                    continue
                }

                $serverName = Resolve-NetBiosName $sourceServer
                $userBase = ($username.Split("\")[0]).ToLower()

                if ($serverName -eq $userBase -or $username.StartsWith("NT ")) {
                    continue
                }

                if ($null -eq ($destLogin = $destServer.Logins.Item($username))) {
                    continue
                }

                Update-SqlPermission -SourceServer $sourceServer -SourceLogin $sourceLogin -DestServer $destServer -DestLogin $destLogin
            }
        }

        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName Login)) {
                $Login = ($sourceServer.Logins | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeLogin).Name
            }
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source -Continue
            return
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        foreach ($dest in $Destination) {
            try {
                $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $dest -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential -MinimumVersion 8
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $dest -Continue
            }

            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("Syncing Logins $Login")) {
                Sync-Only -SourceServer $sourceServer -DestServer $destServer -Logins $Login -Exclude $ExcludeLogin
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Sync-SqlLoginPermissions
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Sync-DbaSqlLoginPermission
    }
}
function Test-DbaBackupInformation {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Tests a dbatools backup history object is correct for restoring

    .DESCRIPTION
        Input is normally from a backup history object generated from `Format-DbaBackupInformation`. This is then parse to check that it's valid for restore. Tests performed include:
          - Checking unbroken LSN chain
          - If the target database exists and WithReplace has been provided
          - If any files already exist, but owned by other databases
          - Creates any new folders required
          - That the backup files exists at the location specified, and can be seen by the Sql Instance
          - If no errors are found then the objects for that database will me marked as Verified

    .PARAMETER BackupHistory
        dbatools BackupHistory object. Normally this will have been process with `Select-` and then `Format-DbaBackupInformation`

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The Sql Server instance that wil be performing the restore

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        A Sql Credential to connect to $SqlInstance

    .PARAMETER WithReplace
        By default we won't overwrite an existing database, this switch tells us you want to

    .PARAMETER Continue
        Switch to indicate a continuing restore

    .PARAMETER OutputScriptOnly
        Switch to disable path creation. Will write a warning that a path does not exist

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER VerifyOnly
        This switch indicates that you only wish to verify a restore, so runs a smaller number of tests as you won't be writing anything to the restore server

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Backup, Restore, DisasterRecovery
        Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaBackupInformation

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $BackupHistory | Test-DbaBackupInformation -SqlInstance MyInstance
        PS C:\> $PassedDbs = $BackupHistory | Where-Object {$_.IsVerified -eq $True}
        PS C:\> $FailedDbs = $BackupHistory | Where-Object {$_.IsVerified -ne $True}

        Pass in a BackupHistory object to be tested against MyInstance.
        Those records that pass are marked as verified. We can then use the IsVerified property to divide the failures and successes

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [object[]]$BackupHistory,
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$WithReplace,
        [switch]$Continue,
        [switch]$VerifyOnly,
        [switch]$OutputScriptOnly,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        try {
            $RestoreInstance = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            return
        }
        $InternalHistory = @()
    }
    process {
        foreach ($bh in $BackupHistory) {
            $InternalHistory += $bh
        }
    }
    end {
        $RegisteredFileCheck = Get-DbaDbPhysicalFile -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance

        $Databases = $InternalHistory.Database | Select-Object -Unique
        foreach ($Database in $Databases) {
            $VerificationErrors = 0
            Write-Message -Message "Testing restore for $Database" -Level Verbose
            #Test we're only restoring backups from one database, or hilarity will ensure
            $DbHistory = $InternalHistory | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $Database}
            if (( $DbHistory | Select-Object -Property OriginalDatabase -Unique ).Count -gt 1) {
                Write-Message -Message "Trying to restore $Database from multiple sources databases" -Level Warning
                $VerificationErrors++
            }
            #Test Db Existance on destination
            $DbCheck = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Database $Database
            # Only do file and db tests if we're not verifing
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "VerifyOnly = $VerifyOnly"
            If ($VerifyOnly -ne $true) {
                if ($null -ne $DbCheck -and ($WithReplace -ne $true -and $Continue -ne $true)) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Database $Database exists, so WithReplace must be specified" -Target $database
                    $VerificationErrors++
                }

                $DBFileCheck = ($RegisteredFileCheck | Where-Object Name -eq $Database).PhysicalName
                $OtherFileCheck = ($RegisteredFileCheck | Where-Object Name -ne $Database).PhysicalName
                $DBHistoryPhysicalPaths = ($DbHistory | Select-Object -ExpandProperty filelist | Select-Object PhysicalName -Unique).PhysicalName
                $DBHistoryPhysicalPathsTest = Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Path $DBHistoryPhysicalPaths
                $DBHistoryPhysicalPathsExists = ($DBHistoryPhysicalPathsTest | Where-Object FileExists -eq $True).FilePath
                $pathSep = Get-DbaPathSep -Server $RestoreInstance
                foreach ($path in $DBHistoryPhysicalPaths) {
                    if (($DBHistoryPhysicalPathsTest | Where-Object FilePath -eq $path).FileExists) {
                        if ($path -in $DBFileCheck) {
                            #If the Files are owned by the db we're restoring check for Continue or WithReplace. If not, then report error otherwise just carry on
                            if ($WithReplace -ne $True -and $Continue -ne $True) {
                                Write-Message -Message "File $path already exists on $SqlInstance and WithReplace not specified, cannot restore" -Level Warning
                                $VerificationErrors++
                            }
                        } elseif ($path -in $OtherFileCheck) {
                            Write-Message -Message "File $path already exists on $SqlInstance and owned by another database, cannot restore" -Level Warning
                            $VerificationErrors++
                        } elseif ($path -in $DBHistoryPhysicalPathsExists -and $RestoreInstance.VersionMajor -gt 8) {
                            Write-Message -Message "File $path already exists on $($SqlInstance.ComputerName), not owned by any database in $SqlInstance, will not overwrite." -Level Warning
                            $VerificationErrors++
                        }
                    } else {
                        <#
                        dang, Split-Path converts path separators always using the "current system" settings
                        PS C:> Split-Path -Path '/var/opt/mssql/data/foo.bak' -Parent
                        \var\opt\mssql\data
                        I'm not aware of a safe way to change this so...we do a little hack.
                        #>
                        $pathSep = Get-DbaPathSep -Server $RestoreInstance
                        $ParentPath = Split-Path $path -Parent
                        $ParentPath = $ParentPath.Replace('\', $pathSep)
                        if (!(Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Path $ParentPath) ) {
                            if (-not $OutputScriptOnly) {
                                $ConfirmMessage = "`n Creating Folder $ParentPath on $SqlInstance `n"
                                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("$Path on $SqlInstance `n `n", $ConfirmMessage)) {
                                    if (New-DbaDirectory -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Path $ParentPath) {
                                        Write-Message -Message "Created Folder $ParentPath on $SqlInstance" -Level Verbose
                                    } else {
                                        Write-Message -Message "Failed to create $ParentPath on $SqlInstance" -Level Warning
                                        $VerificationErrors++
                                    }
                                }
                            } else {
                                Write-Message -Message "Parth $ParentPath on $SqlInstance does not exist" -Level Verbose
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            #Test all backups readable
            $allpaths = $DbHistory | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FullName
            $allpaths_validity = Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $RestoreInstance -Path $allpaths
            foreach ($path in $allpaths_validity) {
                if ($path.FileExists -eq $false -and ($path.FilePath -notlike 'http*')) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Backup File $($path.FilePath) cannot be read by $($RestoreInstance.Name). Does the service account ($($RestoreInstance.ServiceAccount)) have permission?" -Level Warning
                    $VerificationErrors++
                }
            }
            #Test for LSN chain
            if ($true -ne $Continue) {
                if (!($DbHistory | Test-DbaLsnChain)) {
                    Write-Message -Message "LSN Check failed" -Level Verbose
                    $VerificationErrors++
                }
            }
            if ($VerificationErrors -eq 0) {
                Write-Message -Message "Marking $Database as verified" -Level Verbose
                $InternalHistory | Where-Object {$_.Database -eq $Database} | Foreach-Object {$_.IsVerified = $True}
            } else {
                Write-Message -Message "Verification errors  = $VerificationErrors - Has not Passed" -Level Verbose
            }
        }
        $InternalHistory
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Test-DbaBuild {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns SQL Server Build "compliance" level on a build.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns info about the specific build of a SQL instance, including the SP, the CU and the reference KB, End Of Support, wherever possible. It adds a Compliance property as true/false, and adds details about the "targeted compliance".

    .PARAMETER Build
        Instead of connecting to a real instance, pass a string identifying the build to get the info back.

    .PARAMETER MinimumBuild
        This is the build version to test "compliance" against. Anything below this is flagged as not compliant.

    .PARAMETER MaxBehind
        Instead of using a specific MinimumBuild here you can pass "how many service packs and cu back" is the targeted compliance level. You can use xxSP or xxCU or both, where xx is a number. See the Examples for more information.

    .PARAMETER Latest
        Shortcut for specifying the very most up-to-date build available.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        Target any number of instances, in order to return their compliance state.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        When connecting to an instance, use the credentials specified.

    .PARAMETER Update
        Looks online for the most up to date reference, replacing the local one.

    .PARAMETER Quiet
        Makes the function just return $true/$false. It's useful if you use Test-DbaBuild in your own scripts.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SqlBuild, Version
        Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphold) | Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, [email protected])
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaBuild

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaBuild -Build "12.0.5540" -MinimumBuild "12.0.5557"

        Returns information about a build identified by "12.0.5540" (which is SQL 2014 with SP2 and CU4), which is not compliant as the minimum required
        build is "12.0.5557" (which is SQL 2014 with SP2 and CU8).

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaBuild -Build "12.0.5540" -MaxBehind "1SP"

        Returns information about a build identified by "12.0.5540", making sure it is AT MOST 1 Service Pack "behind". For that version,
        that identifies an SP2, means accepting as the lowest compliance version as "12.0.4110", that identifies 2014 with SP1.

        Output column CUTarget is not relevant (empty). SPTarget and BuildTarget are filled in the result.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaBuild -Build "12.0.5540" -MaxBehind "1SP 1CU"

        Returns information about a build identified by "12.0.5540", making sure it is AT MOST 1 Service Pack "behind", plus 1 CU "behind". For that version,
        that identifies an SP2 and CU, rolling back 1 SP brings you to "12.0.4110", but given the latest CU for SP1 is CU13, the target "compliant" build
        will be "12.0.4511", which is 2014 with SP1 and CU12.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaBuild -Build "12.0.5540" -MaxBehind "0CU"

        Returns information about a build identified by "12.0.5540", making sure it is the latest CU release.

        Output columns CUTarget, SPTarget and BuildTarget are relevant. If the latest build is a service pack (not a CU), CUTarget will be empty.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaBuild -Build "12.0.5540" -Latest

        Returns information about a build identified by "12.0.5540", making sure it is the latest build available.

        Output columns CUTarget and SPTarget are not relevant (empty), only the BuildTarget is.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaBuild -Build "12.00.4502" -MinimumBuild "12.0.4511" -Update

        Same as before, but tries to fetch the most up to date index online. When the online version is newer, the local one gets overwritten.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaBuild -Build "12.0.4502","10.50.4260" -MinimumBuild "12.0.4511"

        Returns information builds identified by these versions strings.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Test-DbaBuild -MinimumBuild "12.0.4511"

        Integrate with other cmdlets to have builds checked for all your registered servers on sqlserver2014a.

    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [version[]]$Build,
        [version]$MinimumBuild,
        [string]$MaxBehind,
        [switch] $Latest,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Update,
        [switch]$Quiet,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #region Helper functions
        function Get-DbaBuildReferenceIndex {
            [CmdletBinding()]

            $DbatoolsData = Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -Name 'Path.DbatoolsData'
            $writable_idxfile = Join-Path $DbatoolsData "dbatools-buildref-index.json"
            $result = Get-Content $writable_idxfile -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
            $result.Data | Select-Object @{ Name = "VersionObject"; Expression = { [version]$_.Version } }, *
        }

        $ComplianceSpec = @()
        $ComplianceSpecExclusiveParams = @('MinimumBuild', 'MaxBehind', 'Latest')
        foreach ($exclParam in $ComplianceSpecExclusiveParams) {
            if (Test-Bound -Parameter $exclParam) { $ComplianceSpec += $exclParam }
        }
        if ($ComplianceSpec.Length -gt 1) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "-MinimumBuild, -MaxBehind and -Latest are mutually exclusive. Please choose only one. Quitting."
            return
        }
        if ($ComplianceSpec.Length -eq 0) {
            Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "You need to choose one from -MinimumBuild, -MaxBehind and -Latest. Quitting."
            return
        }
        if ($MaxBehind) {
            $MaxBehindValidator = [regex]'^(?<howmany>[\d]+)(?<what>SP|CU)$'
            $pieces = $MaxBehind.Split(' ')	| Where-Object { $_ }
            try {
                $ParsedMaxBehind = @{}
                foreach ($piece in $pieces) {
                    $pieceMatch = $MaxBehindValidator.Match($piece)
                    if ($pieceMatch.Success -ne $true) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "MaxBehind has an invalid syntax ('$piece' could not be parsed correctly)" -ErrorRecord $_
                        return
                    } else {
                        $howmany = [int]$pieceMatch.Groups['howmany'].Value
                        $what = $pieceMatch.Groups['what'].Value
                        if ($ParsedMaxBehind.ContainsKey($what)) {
                            Stop-Function -Message "The specifier $what has been already passed" -ErrorRecord $_
                            return
                        } else {
                            $ParsedMaxBehind[$what] = $howmany
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (-not $ParsedMaxBehind.ContainsKey('SP')) {
                    $ParsedMaxBehind['SP'] = 0
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Error parsing MaxBehind" -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }
        $hiddenProps = @()
        if (-not $SqlInstance) {
            $hiddenProps += 'SqlInstance'
        }
        if ($MinimumBuild) {
            $hiddenProps += 'MaxBehind', 'SPTarget', 'CUTarget', 'BuildTarget'
        } elseif ($MaxBehind -or $Latest) {
            $hiddenProps += 'MinimumBuild'
        }
        if ($Build) {
            $BuildVersions = Get-DbaBuildReference -Build $Build -Update:$Update -EnableException:$EnableException
        } elseif ($SqlInstance) {
            $BuildVersions = Get-DbaBuildReference -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Update:$Update -EnableException:$EnableException
        }
        # Moving it down here to only trigger after -Update was properly called
        if (!$IdxRef) {
            try {
                $IdxRef = Get-DbaBuildReferenceIndex
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Error loading SQL build reference" -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }
        foreach ($BuildVersion in $BuildVersions) {
            $inputbuild = $BuildVersion.Build
            $compliant = $false
            $targetSPName = $null
            $targetCUName = $null
            if ($BuildVersion.MatchType -eq 'Approximate') {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$($BuildVersion.Build) is not recognized as a correct version"
            }
            if ($MinimumBuild) {
                Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Comparing $MinimumBuild to $inputbuild"
                if ($inputbuild -ge $MinimumBuild) {
                    $compliant = $true
                }
            } elseif ($MaxBehind -or $Latest) {
                $IdxVersion = $IdxRef | Where-Object Version -like "$($inputbuild.Major).$($inputbuild.Minor).*"
                $lastsp = ''
                $SPsAndCUs = @()
                foreach ($el in $IdxVersion) {
                    if ($null -ne $el.SP) {
                        $lastsp = $el.SP | Where-Object { $_ -ne 'LATEST' }
                        $SPsAndCUs += @{
                            VersionObject = $el.VersionObject
                            SP            = $lastsp
                        }
                    }
                    if ($null -ne $el.CU) {
                        $SPsAndCUs += @{
                            VersionObject = $el.VersionObject
                            SP            = $lastsp
                            CU            = $el.CU
                        }
                    }
                }
                $targetedBuild = $SPsAndCUs[0]
                if ($Latest) {
                    $targetedBuild = $IdxVersion[$IdxVersion.Length - 1]
                } else {
                    if ($ParsedMaxBehind.ContainsKey('SP')) {
                        [string[]]$AllSPs = $SPsAndCUs.SP | Select-Object -Unique
                        $targetSP = $AllSPs.Length - $ParsedMaxBehind['SP'] - 1
                        if ($targetSP -lt 0) {
                            $targetSP = 0
                        }
                        $targetSPName = $AllSPs[$targetSP]
                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Target SP is $targetSPName - $targetSP on $($AllSPs.Length)"
                        $targetedBuild = $SPsAndCUs | Where-Object SP -eq $targetSPName | Select-Object -First 1
                    }
                    if ($ParsedMaxBehind.ContainsKey('CU')) {
                        $AllCUs = ($SPsAndCUs | Where-Object VersionObject -gt $targetedBuild.VersionObject).CU | Select-Object -Unique
                        if ($AllCUs.Length -gt 0) {
                            #CU after the targeted build available
                            $targetCU = $AllCUs.Length - $ParsedMaxBehind['CU'] - 1
                            if ($targetCU -lt 0) {
                                $targetCU = 0
                            }
                            $targetCUName = $AllCUs[$targetCU]
                            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Target CU is $targetCUName - $targetCU on $($AllCUs.Length)"
                            $targetedBuild = $SPsAndCUs | Where-Object VersionObject -gt $targetedBuild.VersionObject | Where-Object CU -eq $targetCUName | Select-Object -First 1
                        }
                    }
                }
                if ($inputbuild -ge $targetedBuild.VersionObject) {
                    $compliant = $true
                }
            }
            Add-Member -InputObject $BuildVersion -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Compliant -Value $compliant
            Add-Member -InputObject $BuildVersion -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MinimumBuild -Value $MinimumBuild
            Add-Member -InputObject $BuildVersion -MemberType NoteProperty -Name MaxBehind -Value $MaxBehind
            Add-Member -InputObject $BuildVersion -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SPTarget -Value $targetSPName
            Add-Member -InputObject $BuildVersion -MemberType NoteProperty -Name CUTarget -Value $targetCUName
            Add-Member -InputObject $BuildVersion -MemberType NoteProperty -Name BuildTarget -Value $targetedBuild.VersionObject
            if ($Quiet) {
                $BuildVersion.Compliant
            } else {
                $BuildVersion | Select-Object * | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty $hiddenProps
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-DbaSqlBuild
    }
}
function Test-DbaCmConnection {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Tests over which paths a computer can be managed.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Tests over which paths a computer can be managed.

        This function tries out the connectivity for:
        - Cim over WinRM
        - Cim over DCOM
        - Wmi
        - PowerShellRemoting
        Results will be written to the connectivity cache and will cause Get-DbaCmObject and Invoke-DbaCmMethod to connect using the way most likely to succeed. This way, it is likely the other commands will take less time to execute. These others too cache their results, in order to dynamically update connection statistics.

        This function ignores global configuration settings limiting which protocols may be used.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The computer to test against.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        The credentials to use when running the test. Bad credentials are automatically cached as non-working. This behavior can be disabled by the 'Cache.Management.Disable.BadCredentialList' configuration.

    .PARAMETER Type
        The connection protocol types to test.
        By default, all types are tested.

        Note that this function will ignore global configurations limiting the types of connections available and test all connections specified here instead.

        Available connection protocol types: "CimRM", "CimDCOM", "Wmi", "PowerShellRemoting"

    .PARAMETER Force
        If this switch is enabled, the Alert will be dropped and recreated on Destination.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ComputerManagement, CIM
        Author: Friedrich Weinmann (@FredWeinmann)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        **This function should not be called from within dbatools. It is meant as a tool for users only.**

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaCmConnection

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaCmConnection -ComputerName sql2014

        Performs a full-spectrum connection test against the computer sql2014. The results will be reported and registered. Future calls from Get-DbaCmObject will recognize the results and optimize the query.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaCmConnection -ComputerName sql2014 -Credential $null -Type CimDCOM, CimRM

        This test will run a connectivity test of CIM over DCOM and CIM over WinRM against the computer sql2014 using Windows Authentication.

        The results will be reported and registered. Future calls from Get-DbaCmObject will recognize the results and optimize the query.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingWMICmdlet", "", Justification = "Using Get-WmiObject is used as a fallback for testing connections")]
    param (
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter[]]
        $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        $Credential,

        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ManagementConnectionType[]]
        $Type = @("CimRM", "CimDCOM", "Wmi", "PowerShellRemoting"),

        [switch]
        $Force,

        [switch]
        [Alias('Silent')]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        #region Configuration Values
        $disable_cache = Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -Name "ComputerManagement.Cache.Disable.All" -Fallback $false
        #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
        #$disable_badcredentialcache = Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -Name "ComputerManagement.Cache.Disable.BadCredentialList" -Fallback $false
        #endregion Configuration Values

        #region Helper Functions
        function Test-ConnectionCimRM {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter]
                $ComputerName,

                [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
                $Credential
            )

            try {
                #Variable $os marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replace with $null to catch output
                $null = $ComputerName.Connection.GetCimRMInstance($Credential, "Win32_OperatingSystem", "root\cimv2")

                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Success"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $true
                }
            } catch {
                if (($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x8007052e) -or ($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x80070005)) {
                    New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                        Success       = "Error"
                        Timestamp     = Get-Date
                        Authenticated = $false
                    }
                } else {
                    New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                        Success       = "Error"
                        Timestamp     = Get-Date
                        Authenticated = $true
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Test-ConnectionCimDCOM {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Parameter.DbaCmConnectionParameter]
                $ComputerName,

                [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
                $Credential
            )

            try {
                #Variable $os marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replace with $null to catch output
                $null = $ComputerName.Connection.GetCimDComInstance($Credential, "Win32_OperatingSystem", "root\cimv2")

                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Success"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $true
                }
            } catch {
                if (($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x8007052e) -or ($_.Exception.InnerException -eq 0x80070005)) {
                    New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                        Success       = "Error"
                        Timestamp     = Get-Date
                        Authenticated = $false
                    }
                } else {
                    New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                        Success       = "Error"
                        Timestamp     = Get-Date
                        Authenticated = $true
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        function Test-ConnectionWmi {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [string]
                $ComputerName,

                [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
                $Credential
            )

            try {
                #Variable $os marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replace with $null to catch output
                $null = Get-WmiObject -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential -Class Win32_OperatingSystem -ErrorAction Stop
                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Success"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $true
                }
            } catch [System.UnauthorizedAccessException] {
                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Error"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $false
                }
            } catch {
                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Error"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $true
                }
            }
        }

        function Test-ConnectionPowerShellRemoting {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                [string]
                $ComputerName,

                [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
                $Credential
            )

            try {
                $parameters = @{
                    ScriptBlock  = { Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem -ErrorAction Stop }
                    ComputerName = $ComputerName
                    ErrorAction  = 'Stop'
                }
                if ($Credential) { $parameters["Credential"] = $Credential }
                #Variable $os marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replace with $null to catch output
                $null = Invoke-Command @parameters

                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Success"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $true
                }
            } catch {
                # Will always consider authenticated, since any call with credentials to a server that doesn't exist will also carry invalid credentials error.
                # There simply is no way to differentiate between actual authentication errors and server not reached
                New-Object PSObject -Property @{
                    Success       = "Error"
                    Timestamp     = Get-Date
                    Authenticated = $true
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion Helper Functions
    }
    process {
        foreach ($ConnectionObject in $ComputerName) {
            if (-not $ConnectionObject.Success) { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to interpret input: $($ConnectionObject.Input)" -Category InvalidArgument -Target $ConnectionObject.Input -Continue}

            $Computer = $ConnectionObject.Connection.ComputerName.ToLower()
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "[$Computer] Testing management connection"

            #region Setup connection object
            $con = $ConnectionObject.Connection
            #endregion Setup connection object

            #region Handle credentials
            #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
            #$BadCredentialsFound = $false
            if ($con.DisableBadCredentialCache) { $con.KnownBadCredentials.Clear() }
            elseif ($con.IsBadCredential($Credential) -and (-not $Force)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "[$Computer] The credentials supplied are on the list of known bad credentials, skipping. Use -Force to override this." -Continue -Category InvalidArgument -Target $Computer
            } elseif ($con.IsBadCredential($Credential) -and $Force) {
                $con.RemoveBadCredential($Credential)
            }
            #endregion Handle credentials

            #region Connectivity Tests
            :types foreach ($ConnectionType in $Type) {
                switch ($ConnectionType) {
                    #region CimRM
                    "CimRM" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$Computer] Testing management access using CIM over WinRM"
                        $res = Test-ConnectionCimRM -ComputerName $con -Credential $Credential
                        $con.LastCimRM = $res.Timestamp
                        $con.CimRM = $res.Success
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "[$Computer] CIM over WinRM Results | Success: $($res.Success), Authentication: $($res.Authenticated)"

                        if (-not $res.Authenticated) {
                            Write-Message -Level Important -Message "[$Computer] The credentials supplied proved to be invalid. Skipping further tests"
                            $con.AddBadCredential($Credential)
                            break types
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion CimRM

                    #region CimDCOM
                    "CimDCOM" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$Computer] Testing management access using CIM over DCOM."
                        $res = Test-ConnectionCimDCOM -ComputerName $con -Credential $Credential
                        $con.LastCimDCOM = $res.Timestamp
                        $con.CimDCOM = $res.Success
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "[$Computer] CIM over DCOM Results | Success: $($res.Success), Authentication: $($res.Authenticated)"

                        if (-not $res.Authenticated) {
                            Write-Message -Level Important -Message "[$Computer] The credentials supplied proved to be invalid. Skipping further tests."
                            $con.AddBadCredential($Credential)
                            break types
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion CimDCOM

                    #region Wmi
                    "Wmi" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$Computer] Testing management access using WMI."
                        $res = Test-ConnectionWmi -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $Credential
                        $con.LastWmi = $res.Timestamp
                        $con.Wmi = $res.Success
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "[$Computer] WMI Results | Success: $($res.Success), Authentication: $($res.Authenticated)"

                        if (-not $res.Authenticated) {
                            Write-Message -Level Important -Message "[$Computer] The credentials supplied proved to be invalid. Skipping further tests"
                            $con.AddBadCredential($Credential)
                            break types
                        }
                    }
                    #endregion Wmi

                    #region PowerShell Remoting
                    "PowerShellRemoting" {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "[$Computer] Testing management access using PowerShell Remoting."
                        $res = Test-ConnectionPowerShellRemoting -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $Credential
                        $con.LastPowerShellRemoting = $res.Timestamp
                        $con.PowerShellRemoting = $res.Success
                        Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "[$Computer] PowerShell Remoting Results | Success: $($res.Success)"
                    }
                    #endregion PowerShell Remoting
                }
            }
            #endregion Connectivity Tests

            if (-not $disable_cache) { [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Connection.ConnectionHost]::Connections[$Computer] = $con }
            $con
        }
    }
    end {

    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#

function Test-DbaConnection {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Tests the connection to a single instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Tests the ability to connect to an SQL Server instance outputting information about the server and instance.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server Instance to test connection

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Credential object used to connect to the Computer as a different user

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: CIM, Test, Connection
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaConnection

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaConnection SQL2016
        ```
        ComputerName         : SQL2016
        InstanceName         : MSSQLSERVER
        SqlInstance          : sql2016
        SqlVersion           : 13.0.4001
        ConnectingAsUser     : BASE\ctrlb
        ConnectSuccess       : True
        AuthType             : Windows Authentication
        AuthScheme           : KERBEROS
        TcpPort              : 1433
        IPAddress            : 10.2.1.5
        NetBiosName          : sql2016.base.local
        IsPingable           : True
        PSRemotingAccessible : True
        DomainName           : base.local
        LocalWindows         : 10.0.15063.0
        LocalPowerShell      : 5.1.15063.502
        LocalCLR             : 4.0.30319.42000
        LocalSMOVersion      : 13.0.0.0
        LocalDomainUser      : True
        LocalRunAsAdmin      : False
        ```

        Test connection to SQL2016 and outputs information collected
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            # Get local environment
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting local environment information"
            $localInfo = [pscustomobject]@{
                Windows    = [environment]::OSVersion.Version.ToString()
                PowerShell = $PSVersionTable.PSversion.ToString()
                CLR        = $PSVersionTable.CLRVersion.ToString()
                SMO        = ((([AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | Where-Object { $_.Fullname -like "Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO,*" }).FullName -Split ", ")[1]).TrimStart("Version=")
                DomainUser = $env:computername -ne $env:USERDOMAIN
                RunAsAdmin = ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator")
            }

            try {
                <# gather following properties #>
                <#
                        InputName        :
                        ComputerName     :
                        IPAddress        :
                        DNSHostName      :
                        DNSDomain        :
                        Domain           :
                        DNSHostEntry     :
                        FQDN             :
                        FullComputerName :
                     #>
                $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -Credential $Credential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to resolve server information" -Category ConnectionError -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            # Test for WinRM #Test-WinRM neh
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking remote acccess"
            try {
                $null = Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock { Get-ChildItem } -ErrorAction Stop
                $remoting = $true
            } catch {
                $remoting = $_
            }

            # Test Connection first using Test-Connection which requires ICMP access then failback to tcp if pings are blocked
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing ping to $($instance.ComputerName)"
            $pingable = Test-Connection -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -Count 1 -Quiet

            # SQL Server connection
            if ($instance.InstanceName -ne "MSSQLSERVER") {
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer, need to be in PSCustomObject?
                #$sqlport = "N/A"
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing raw socket connection to default SQL port"
                $tcp = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient
                try {
                    $tcp.Connect($baseaddress, 1433)
                    $tcp.Close()
                    $tcp.Dispose()
                } catch {
                    # here to avoid an empty catch
                    $null = 1
                }
            }

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance.FullSmoName -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                $connectSuccess = $true
            } catch {
                $connectSuccess = $false
                Stop-Function -Message "Issue connection to SQL Server on $instance" -Category ConnectionError -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            $username = $server.ConnectionContext.TrueLogin
            if ($username -like "*\*") {
                $authType = "Windows Authentication"
            } else {
                $authType = "SQL Authentication"
            }

            # TCP Port
            try {
                $tcpport = (Get-DbaTcpPort -SqlInstance $server -EnableException).Port
            } catch {
                $tcpport = $_
            }

            # Auth Scheme
            try {
                $authscheme = (Test-DbaConnectionAuthScheme -SqlInstance $server -WarningVariable authwarning -WarningAction SilentlyContinue).AuthScheme
            } catch {
                $authscheme = $_
            }

            if ($authwarning) {
                $authscheme = "N/A"
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName         = $resolved.ComputerName
                InstanceName         = $instance.InstanceName
                SqlInstance          = $instance.FullSmoName
                SqlVersion           = $server.Version
                ConnectingAsUser     = $username
                ConnectSuccess       = $connectSuccess
                AuthType             = $authType
                AuthScheme           = $authscheme
                TcpPort              = $tcpport
                IPAddress            = $resolved.IPAddress
                NetBiosName          = $resolved.FullComputerName
                IsPingable           = $pingable
                PSRemotingAccessible = $remoting
                DomainName           = $resolved.Domain
                LocalWindows         = $localInfo.Windows
                LocalPowerShell      = $localInfo.PowerShell
                LocalCLR             = $localInfo.CLR
                LocalSMOVersion      = $localInfo.SMO
                LocalDomainUser      = $localInfo.DomainUser
                LocalRunAsAdmin      = $localInfo.RunAsAdmin
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-SqlConnection
    }
}
function Test-DbaConnectionAuthScheme {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns the transport protocol and authentication scheme of the connection. This is useful to determine if your connection is using Kerberos.

    .DESCRIPTION
        By default, this command will return the ConnectName, ServerName, Transport and AuthScheme of the current connection.

        ConnectName is the name you used to connect. ServerName is the name that the SQL Server reports as its @@SERVERNAME which is used to register its SPN. If you were expecting a Kerberos connection and got NTLM instead, ensure ConnectName and ServerName match.

        If -Kerberos or -Ntlm is specified, the $true/$false results of the test will be returned. Returns $true or $false by default for one server. Returns Server name and Results for more than one server.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Server(s) must be SQL Server 2005 or higher.

    .PARAMETER Kerberos
        If this switch is enabled, checks will be made for Kerberos authentication.

    .PARAMETER Ntlm
        If this switch is enabled, checks will be made for NTLM authentication.

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SPN, Kerberos
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaConnectionAuthScheme

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaConnectionAuthScheme -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016

        Returns ConnectName, ServerName, Transport and AuthScheme for sqlserver2014a and sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaConnectionAuthScheme -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Kerberos

        Returns $true or $false depending on if the connection is Kerberos or not.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaConnectionAuthScheme -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Select-Object *

        Returns the results of "SELECT * from sys.dm_exec_connections WHERE session_id = @@SPID"

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential", "Cred")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Kerberos,
        [switch]$Ntlm,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed

        $sql = "SELECT  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                            ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                            SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance,
                            session_id as SessionId, most_recent_session_id as MostRecentSessionId, connect_time as ConnectTime,
                            net_transport as Transport, protocol_type as ProtocolType, protocol_version as ProtocolVersion,
                            endpoint_id as EndpointId, encrypt_option as EncryptOption, auth_scheme as AuthScheme, node_affinity as NodeAffinity,
                            num_reads as NumReads, num_writes as NumWrites, last_read as LastRead, last_write as LastWrite,
                            net_packet_size as PacketSize, client_net_address as ClientNetworkAddress, client_tcp_port as ClientTcpPort,
                            local_net_address as ServerNetworkAddress, local_tcp_port as ServerTcpPort, connection_id as ConnectionId,
                            parent_connection_id as ParentConnectionId, most_recent_sql_handle as MostRecentSqlHandle
                            FROM sys.dm_exec_connections WHERE session_id = @@SPID"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting results for the following query: $sql."
            try {
                $results = $server.Query($sql)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $server -Exception $_ -Continue
            }

            # sorry, standards!
            if ($Kerberos -or $Ntlm) {
                if ($Ntlm) {
                    $auth = 'NTLM'
                } else {
                    $auth = 'Kerberos'
                }
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName = $results.ComputerName
                    InstanceName = $results.InstanceName
                    SqlInstance  = $results.SqlInstance
                    Result       = ($server.AuthScheme -eq $auth)
                } | Select-DefaultView -Property SqlInstance, Result
            } else {
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $results -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Transport, AuthScheme
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaDbCollation {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Compares Database Collations to Server Collation

    .DESCRIPTION
        Compares Database Collations to Server Collation

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Collation
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDbCollation

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCollation -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Returns server name, database name and true/false if the collations match for all databases on sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCollation -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2

        Returns information for the db1 and db2 databases on sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCollation -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 -Exclude db1

        Returns information for database and server collations for all databases except db1 on sqlserver2014a and sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2016 | Test-DbaDbCollation

        Returns db/server collation information for every database on every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2016.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter "Detailed"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $($db.name) on $servername."
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName      = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName      = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database          = $db.name
                    ServerCollation   = $server.collation
                    DatabaseCollation = $db.collation
                    IsEqual           = $db.collation -eq $server.collation
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-DbaDatabaseCollation
    }
}
function Test-DbaDbCompatibility {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Compares Database Compatibility level to Server Compatibility

    .DESCRIPTION
        Compares Database Compatibility level to Server Compatibility

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Compatibility
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDbCompatibility

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCompatibility -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Returns server name, database name and true/false if the compatibility level match for all databases on sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCompatibility -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database db1, db2

        Returns detailed information for database and server compatibility level for the db1 and db2 databases on sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCompatibility -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 -Exclude db1

        Returns detailed information for database and server compatibility level for all databases except db1 on sqlserver2014a and sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sql2014 | Test-DbaDbCompatibility

        Returns db/server compatibility information for every database on every server listed in the Central Management Server on sql2016.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType("System.Collections.ArrayList")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter "Detailed"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $serverversion = "Version$($server.VersionMajor)0"
            $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $($db.name) on $instance."
                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName          = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName          = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance           = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    ServerLevel           = $serverversion
                    Database              = $db.name
                    DatabaseCompatibility = $db.CompatibilityLevel
                    IsEqual               = $db.CompatibilityLevel -eq $serverversion
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-DbaDatabaseCompatibility
    }
}
function Test-DbaDbCompression {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns tables and indexes with preferred compression setting.
    .DESCRIPTION
        This function returns the results of a full table/index compression analysis and the estimated, best option to date for either NONE, Page, or Row Compression.

        Remember Uptime is critical, the longer uptime, the more accurate the analysis is, and it would be best if you utilized Get-DbaUptime first, before running this command.

        Test-DbaDbCompression script derived from GitHub and the tigertoolbox
        (https://github.com/Microsoft/tigertoolbox/tree/master/Evaluate-Compression-Gains)
        In the output, you will find the following information:
        - Column Percent_Update shows the percentage of update operations on a specific table, index, or partition, relative to total operations on that object. The lower the percentage of Updates (that is, the table, index, or partition is infrequently updated), the better candidate it is for page compression.
        - Column Percent_Scan shows the percentage of scan operations on a table, index, or partition, relative to total operations on that object. The higher the value of Scan (that is, the table, index, or partition is mostly scanned), the better candidate it is for page compression.
        - Column Compression_Type_Recommendation can have four possible outputs indicating where there is most gain, if any: 'PAGE', 'ROW', 'NO_GAIN' or '?'. When the output is '?' this approach could not give a recommendation, so as a rule of thumb I would lean to ROW if the object suffers mainly UPDATES, or PAGE if mainly INSERTS, but this is where knowing your workload is essential. When the output is 'NO_GAIN' well, that means that according to sp_estimate_data_compression_savings no space gains will be attained when compressing, as in the above output example, where compressing would grow the affected object.

        This script will execute on the context of the current database.
        Also be aware that this may take a while to execute on large objects, because if the IS locks taken by the
        sp_estimate_data_compression_savings cannot be honored, the SP will be blocked.
        It only considers Row or Page Compression (not column compression)
        It only evaluates User Tables

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. This can be a collection and receive pipeline input to allow the function to be executed against multiple SQL Server instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER Schema
        Filter to only get specific schemas If unspecified, all schemas will be processed.

    .PARAMETER Table
        Filter to only get specific tables If unspecified, all User tables will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ResultSize
        Allows you to limit the number of results returned, as some systems can have very large number of tables.  Default value is no restriction.

    .PARAMETER Rank
        Allows you to specify the field used for ranking when determining the ResultSize
        Can be either TotalPages, UsedPages or TotalRows with default of TotalPages. Only applies when ResultSize is used.

    .PARAMETER FilterBy
        Allows you to specify level of filtering when determining the ResultSize
        Can be at either Table, Index or Partition level with default of Partition. Only applies when ResultSize is used.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .INPUTS
        Accepts a DbaInstanceParameter. Any collection of SQL Server Instance names or SMO objects can be piped to command.

    .OUTPUTS
        Returns a PsCustomObject with following fields: ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, IndexName, Partition, IndexID, PercentScan, PercentUpdate, RowEstimatePercentOriginal, PageEstimatePercentOriginal, CompressionTypeRecommendation, SizeCurrent, SizeRequested, PercentCompression

    .NOTES
        Tags: Compression, Table, Database
        Author: Jason Squires (@js_0505), [email protected]

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDbCompression

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns results of all potential compression options for all databases for the default instance on the local host. Returns a recommendation of either Page, Row or NO_GAIN

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA

        Returns results of all potential compression options for all databases on the instance ServerA

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -Database DBName | Out-GridView

        Returns results of all potential compression options for a single database DBName with the recommendation of either Page or Row or NO_GAIN in a nicely formatted GridView

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -ExcludeDatabase MyDatabase -SqlCredential $cred

        Returns results of all potential compression options for all databases except MyDatabase on instance ServerA using SQL credentials to authentication to ServerA.
        Returns the recommendation of either Page, Row or NO_GAIN

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -Schema Test -Table MyTable

        Returns results of all potential compression options for the Table Test.MyTable in instance ServerA on ServerA and ServerB.
        Returns the recommendation of either Page, Row or NO_GAIN.
        Returns a result for each partition of any Heap, Clustered or NonClustered index.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA, ServerB -ResultSize 10

        Returns results of all potential compression options for all databases on ServerA and ServerB.
        Returns the recommendation of either Page, Row or NO_GAIN.
        Returns results for the top 10 partitions by TotalPages used per database.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> ServerA | Test-DbaDbCompression -Schema Test -ResultSize 10 -Rank UsedPages -FilterBy Table

        Returns results of all potential compression options for all databases on ServerA containing a schema Test
        Returns results for the top 10 Tables by Used Pages per database.
        Results are split by Table, Index and Partition so more than 10 results may be returned.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = 'Server1','Server2'
        PS C:\> $servers | Test-DbaDbCompression -Database DBName | Out-GridView

        Returns results of all potential compression options for a single database DBName on Server1 or Server2
        Returns the recommendation of either Page, Row or NO_GAIN in a nicely formatted GridView

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential sqladmin
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance ServerA -Database MyDB -SqlCredential $cred -Schema Test -Table Test1, Test2

        Returns results of all potential compression options for objects in Database MyDb on instance ServerA using SQL credentials to authentication to ServerA.
        Returns the recommendation of either Page, Row or NO_GAIN for tables with SchemA Test and name in Test1 or Test2

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = 'Server1','Server2'
        PS C:\> foreach ($svr in $servers) {
        >> Test-DbaDbCompression -SqlInstance $svr | Export-Csv -Path C:\temp\CompressionAnalysisPAC.csv -Append
        >> }

        This produces a full analysis of all your servers listed and is pushed to a csv for you to analyze.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [string[]]$Schema,
        [string[]]$Table,
        [int]$ResultSize,
        [ValidateSet('TotalPages', 'UsedPages', 'TotalRows')]
        [string]$Rank = 'TotalPages',
        [ValidateSet('Partition', 'Index', 'Table')]
        [string]$FilterBy = 'Partition',
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Write-Message -Level System -Message "Bound parameters: $($PSBoundParameters.Keys -join ", ")"

        if ($Schema) {
            $sqlSchemaWhere = "AND s.name IN ('$($Schema -join "','")')"
        }

        if ($Table) {
            $sqlTableWhere = "AND t.name IN ('$($Table -join "','")')"
        }

        if ($ResultSize) {
            $sqlOrderBy = switch ($Rank) {
                UsedPages { 'UsedSpaceKB' }
                TotalRows { 'RowCounts' }
                default { 'TotalSpaceKB' }
            }

            if ($FilterBy -eq 'Table') {
                $sqlJoinFiltered = 'AND t.TableName = tdc.TableName COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT'
                $indexSQL = '0 as [IndexID]'
                $partitionSQL = '0 AS [Partition]'
                $groupBySQL = 's.Name, t.Name'
            } elseif ($FilterBy -eq 'Index') {
                $sqlJoinFiltered = 'AND t.TableName = tdc.TableName COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT AND t.IndexID = tdc.IndexID'
                $indexSQL = 'i.index_id as [IndexID]'
                $partitionSQL = '0 AS [Partition]'
                $groupBySQL = 's.Name, t.Name, i.index_id'
            } else {
                $sqlJoinFiltered = 'AND t.TableName = tdc.TableName COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT AND t.IndexID = tdc.IndexID AND t.[Partition] = tdc.[Partition]'
                $indexSQL = 'i.index_id as [IndexID]'
                $partitionSQL = 'p.partition_number AS [Partition]'
                $groupBySQL = 's.Name, t.Name, i.index_id, p.partition_number'
            }

            $sqlRestrict = "-- remove tables not in Top N
                With TopN(SchemaName, TableName, IndexID, [Partition], RowCounts, TotalSpaceKB, UsedSpaceKB) as
                (
                    SELECT TOP $ResultSize
                        s.Name AS SchemaName,
                        t.NAME as TableName,
                        $indexSQL,
                        $partitionSQL,
                        SUM(p.rows) AS RowCounts,
                        SUM(a.total_pages) * 8 AS TotalSpaceKB,
                        SUM(a.used_pages) * 8 AS UsedSpaceKB
                    FROM
                        sys.tables t
                    INNER JOIN
                        sys.indexes i ON t.OBJECT_ID = i.object_id
                    INNER JOIN
                        sys.partitions p ON i.object_id = p.OBJECT_ID AND i.index_id = p.index_id
                    INNER JOIN
                        sys.allocation_units a ON p.partition_id = a.container_id
                    LEFT OUTER JOIN
                        sys.schemas s ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id
                    WHERE objectproperty(t.object_id, 'IsUserTable') = 1
                        AND p.data_compression_desc = 'NONE'
                        AND p.rows > 0
                        $sqlSchemaWhere
                        $sqlTableWhere
                    GROUP BY
                        $groupBySQL
                    ORDER BY
                        $sqlOrderBy Desc
                )
                DELETE tdc
                FROM ##testdbacompression tdc
                LEFT JOIN TopN t
                    ON t.SchemaName = tdc.[Schema] COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT
                    $sqlJoinFiltered
                WHERE t.IndexID IS NULL;"
        }
    }

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process Instance $Instance" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $Server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0
            $sqlVersion = $(Get-DbaBuildReference -SqlInstance $server).Build.Major

            $sqlVersionRestrictions = @()

            if ($sqlVersion -ge 12) {
                $sqlVersionRestrictions += "
            BEGIN
                -- remove memory optimized tables
                DELETE tdc
                FROM ##testdbacompression tdc
                INNER JOIN sys.tables t
                    ON SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id) = tdc.[Schema] COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT
                    AND t.name = tdc.TableName COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT
                WHERE t.is_memory_optimized = 1
            END"
            }
            if ($sqlVersion -ge 13) {
                $sqlVersionRestrictions += "
            BEGIN
                -- remove tables with encrypted columns
                DELETE tdc
                FROM ##testdbacompression tdc
                INNER JOIN sys.tables t
                    ON SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id) = tdc.[Schema] COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT
                    AND t.name = tdc.TableName COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT
                INNER JOIN sys.columns c
                    ON t.object_id = c.object_id
                WHERE encryption_type IS NOT NULL
            END"
            }
            if ($sqlVersion -ge 14) {
                $sqlVersionRestrictions += "
            BEGIN
                -- remove graph (node/edge) tables
                DELETE tdc
                FROM ##testdbacompression tdc
                INNER JOIN sys.tables t
                    ON tdc.[Schema] = SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id) COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT
                    AND tdc.TableName = t.name COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT
                WHERE (is_node = 1 OR is_edge = 1)
            END"
            }
            $sql = "SET NOCOUNT ON;

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##testdbacompression', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE ##testdbacompression

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tmpEstimateRow', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE ##tmpEstimateRow

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tmpEstimatePage', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE ##tmpEstimatePage

CREATE TABLE ##testdbacompression (
    [Schema] SYSNAME
    ,[TableName] SYSNAME
    ,[ObjectId] INT
    ,[IndexName] SYSNAME NULL
    ,[Partition] INT
    ,[IndexID] INT
    ,[IndexType] VARCHAR(25)
    ,[PercentScan] SMALLINT
    ,[PercentUpdate] SMALLINT
    ,[RowEstimatePercentOriginal] BIGINT
    ,[PageEstimatePercentOriginal] BIGINT
    ,[CompressionTypeRecommendation] VARCHAR(7)
    ,SizeCurrent BIGINT
    ,SizeRequested BIGINT
    ,PercentCompression NUMERIC(10, 2)
    );

CREATE TABLE ##tmpEstimateRow (
    objname SYSNAME
    ,schname SYSNAME
    ,indid INT
    ,partnr INT
    ,SizeCurrent BIGINT
    ,SizeRequested BIGINT
    ,SampleCurrent BIGINT
    ,SampleRequested BIGINT
    );

CREATE TABLE ##tmpEstimatePage (
    objname SYSNAME
    ,schname SYSNAME
    ,indid INT
    ,partnr INT
    ,SizeCurrent BIGINT
    ,SizeRequested BIGINT
    ,SampleCurrent BIGINT
    ,SampleRequested BIGINT
    );

INSERT INTO ##testdbacompression (
    [Schema]
    ,[TableName]
    ,[ObjectId]
    ,[IndexName]
    ,[Partition]
    ,[IndexID]
    ,[IndexType]
    ,[PercentScan]
    ,[PercentUpdate]
    )
    SELECT s.NAME AS [Schema]
    ,t.NAME AS [TableName]
    ,t.OBJECT_ID AS [OBJECTID]
    ,x.NAME AS [IndexName]
    ,p.partition_number AS [Partition]
    ,x.Index_ID AS [IndexID]
    ,x.type_desc AS [IndexType]
    ,NULL AS [PercentScan]
    ,NULL AS [PercentUpdate]
FROM sys.tables t
INNER JOIN sys.schemas s ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes x ON x.object_id = t.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.partitions p ON x.object_id = p.object_id
    AND x.Index_ID = p.Index_ID
WHERE objectproperty(t.object_id, 'IsUserTable') = 1
    AND p.data_compression_desc = 'NONE'
    AND p.rows > 0
    $sqlSchemaWhere
    $sqlTableWhere
ORDER BY [TableName] ASC;

$sqlRestrict

$sqlVersionRestrictions

DECLARE @schema SYSNAME
    ,@tbname SYSNAME
    ,@ixid INT

DECLARE cur CURSOR FAST_FORWARD
FOR
SELECT [Schema]
    ,[TableName]
    ,[IndexID]
FROM ##testdbacompression

OPEN cur

FETCH NEXT
FROM cur
INTO @schema
    ,@tbname
    ,@ixid

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
    DECLARE @sqlcmd NVARCHAR(500)

    SET @sqlcmd = 'EXEC sp_estimate_data_compression_savings ''' + @schema + ''', ''' + @tbname + ''', ''' + cast(@ixid AS VARCHAR) + ''', NULL, ''ROW''';

    INSERT INTO ##tmpEstimateRow (
        objname
        ,schname
        ,indid
        ,partnr
        ,SizeCurrent
        ,SizeRequested
        ,SampleCurrent
        ,SampleRequested
        )
    EXECUTE sp_executesql @sqlcmd

    SET @sqlcmd = 'EXEC sp_estimate_data_compression_savings ''' + @schema + ''', ''' + @tbname + ''', ''' + cast(@ixid AS VARCHAR) + ''', NULL, ''PAGE''';

    INSERT INTO ##tmpEstimatePage (
        objname
        ,schname
        ,indid
        ,partnr
        ,SizeCurrent
        ,SizeRequested
        ,SampleCurrent
        ,SampleRequested
        )
    EXECUTE sp_executesql @sqlcmd

    FETCH NEXT
    FROM cur
    INTO @schema
        ,@tbname
        ,@ixid
END

CLOSE cur

DEALLOCATE cur;

--Update usage and partition_number - If database was restore the sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats will be empty until tables have accesses. Executing the sp_estimate_data_compression_savings first will make those entries appear
UPDATE ##testdbacompression
SET
 [PercentScan] =
     case when (i.range_scan_count + i.leaf_insert_count + i.leaf_delete_count + i.leaf_update_count + i.leaf_page_merge_count + i.singleton_lookup_count) = 0 THEN 0
     ELSE i.range_scan_count * 100.0 / NULLIF((i.range_scan_count + i.leaf_insert_count + i.leaf_delete_count + i.leaf_update_count + i.leaf_page_merge_count + i.singleton_lookup_count), 0)
     END
 ,[PercentUpdate] =
    case when (i.range_scan_count + i.leaf_insert_count + i.leaf_delete_count + i.leaf_update_count + i.leaf_page_merge_count + i.singleton_lookup_count) = 0 THEN 0
    ELSE i.leaf_update_count * 100.0 / NULLIF((i.range_scan_count + i.leaf_insert_count + i.leaf_delete_count + i.leaf_update_count + i.leaf_page_merge_count + i.singleton_lookup_count), 0)
    END
FROM sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats(db_id(), NULL, NULL, NULL) i
INNER JOIN ##testdbacompression tmp
    ON tmp.ObjectId = i.object_id
    AND tmp.IndexID = i.index_id;


WITH tmp_cte (
    objname
    ,schname
    ,indid
    ,partnr
    ,pct_of_orig_row
    ,pct_of_orig_page
    ,SizeCurrent
    ,SizeRequested
    )
AS (
    SELECT tr.objname
        ,tr.schname
        ,tr.indid
        ,tr.partnr
        ,(tr.SampleRequested * 100) / CASE
            WHEN tr.SampleCurrent = 0
                THEN 1
            ELSE tr.SampleCurrent
            END AS pct_of_orig_row
        ,(tp.SampleRequested * 100) / CASE
            WHEN tp.SampleCurrent = 0
                THEN 1
            ELSE tp.SampleCurrent
            END AS pct_of_orig_page
        ,tr.SizeCurrent
        ,tr.SizeRequested
    FROM ##tmpestimaterow tr
    INNER JOIN ##tmpestimatepage tp ON tr.objname = tp.objname
        AND tr.schname = tp.schname
        AND tr.indid = tp.indid
        AND tr.partnr = tp.partnr
    )
UPDATE ##testdbacompression
SET [RowEstimatePercentOriginal] = tcte.pct_of_orig_row
    ,[PageEstimatePercentOriginal] = tcte.pct_of_orig_page
    ,SizeCurrent = tcte.SizeCurrent
    ,SizeRequested = tcte.SizeRequested
    ,PercentCompression = 100 - (cast(tcte.[SizeRequested] AS NUMERIC(21, 2)) * 100 / (tcte.[SizeCurrent] - ABS(SIGN(tcte.[SizeCurrent])) + 1))
FROM tmp_cte tcte
    ,##testdbacompression tcomp
WHERE tcte.objname = tcomp.TableName
    AND tcte.schname = tcomp.[schema]
    AND tcte.indid = tcomp.IndexID
    AND tcte.partnr = tcomp.Partition;

WITH tmp_cte2 (
    TableName
    ,[schema]
    ,IndexID
    ,[CompressionTypeRecommendation]
    )
AS (
    SELECT TableName
        ,[schema]
        ,IndexID
        ,CASE
            WHEN [RowEstimatePercentOriginal] >= 100
                AND [PageEstimatePercentOriginal] >= 100
                THEN 'NO_GAIN'
            WHEN [PercentUpdate] >= 10
                THEN 'ROW'
            WHEN [PercentScan] <= 1
                AND [PercentUpdate] <= 1
                AND [RowEstimatePercentOriginal] < [PageEstimatePercentOriginal]
                THEN 'ROW'
            WHEN [PercentScan] <= 1
                AND [PercentUpdate] <= 1
                AND [RowEstimatePercentOriginal] > [PageEstimatePercentOriginal]
                THEN 'PAGE'
            WHEN [PercentScan] >= 60
                AND [PercentUpdate] <= 5
                THEN 'PAGE'
            WHEN [PercentScan] <= 35
                AND [PercentUpdate] <= 5
                THEN '?'
            ELSE 'ROW'
            END
    FROM ##testdbacompression
    )
UPDATE ##testdbacompression
SET [CompressionTypeRecommendation] = tcte2.[CompressionTypeRecommendation]
FROM tmp_cte2 tcte2
    ,##testdbacompression tcomp2
WHERE tcte2.TableName = tcomp2.TableName
    AND tcte2.[schema] = tcomp2.[schema]
    AND tcte2.IndexID = tcomp2.IndexID;

SET NOCOUNT ON;

SELECT DBName = DB_Name()
    ,[Schema]
    ,[TableName]
    ,[IndexName]
    ,[Partition]
    ,[IndexID]
    ,[IndexType]
    ,[PercentScan]
    ,[PercentUpdate]
    ,[RowEstimatePercentOriginal]
    ,[PageEstimatePercentOriginal]
    ,[CompressionTypeRecommendation]
    ,SizeCurrentKB = [SizeCurrent]
    ,SizeRequestedKB = [SizeRequested]
    ,PercentCompression
FROM ##testdbacompression;

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##setdbacompression', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE ##testdbacompression

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tmpEstimateRow', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE ##tmpEstimateRow

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##tmpEstimatePage', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE ##tmpEstimatePage;

"
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
            [long]$instanceVersionNumber = $($server.VersionString).Replace(".", "")


            #If SQL Server 2016 SP1 (13.0.4001.0) or higher every version supports compression.
            if ($Server.EngineEdition -ne "EnterpriseOrDeveloper" -and $instanceVersionNumber -lt 13040010) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Compression before SQLServer 2016 SP1 (13.0.4001.0) is only supported by enterprise, developer or evaluation edition. $Server has version $($server.VersionString) and edition is $($Server.EngineEdition)." -Target $db -Continue
            }
            #Filter Database list
            try {
                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

                if ($Database) {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name -and $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 }
                }

                else {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $_.IsSystemObject -eq 0 }
                }

                if (Test-Bound "ExcludeDatabase") {
                    $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Unable to gather list of databases for $instance" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                try {
                    $dbCompatibilityLevel = [int]($db.CompatibilityLevel.ToString().Replace('Version', ''))

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Querying $instance - $db"
                    if ($db.status -ne 'Normal' -or $db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$db is not accessible." -Target $db
                        Continue
                    }

                    if ($dbCompatibilityLevel -lt 100) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "$db has a compatibility level lower than Version100 and will be skipped." -Target $db -Continue
                        Continue
                    }
                    #Execute query against individual database and add to output
                    foreach ($row in ($server.Query($sql, $db.Name))) {
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ComputerName                  = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName                  = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance                   = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database                      = $row.DBName
                            Schema                        = $row.Schema
                            TableName                     = $row.TableName
                            IndexName                     = $row.IndexName
                            Partition                     = $row.Partition
                            IndexID                       = $row.IndexID
                            IndexType                     = $row.IndexType
                            PercentScan                   = $row.PercentScan
                            PercentUpdate                 = $row.PercentUpdate
                            RowEstimatePercentOriginal    = $row.RowEstimatePercentOriginal
                            PageEstimatePercentOriginal   = $row.PageEstimatePercentOriginal
                            CompressionTypeRecommendation = $row.CompressionTypeRecommendation
                            SizeCurrent                   = [dbasize]($row.SizeCurrentKB * 1024)
                            SizeRequested                 = [dbasize]($row.SizeRequestedKB * 1024)
                            PercentCompression            = $row.PercentCompression
                        }
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to query $instance - $db" -Target $db -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaDbLogShipStatus {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Test-DbaDbLogShipStatus returns the status of your log shipping databases

    .DESCRIPTION
        Most of the time your log shipping "just works".
        Checking your log shipping status can be done really easy with this function.

        Make sure you're connecting to the monitoring instance of your log shipping infrastructure.

        The function will return the status for a database. This can be one or more messages in a comma separated list.
        If everything is OK with the database than you should only see the message "All OK".

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or greater.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Allows you to filter the results to only return the databases you're interested in. This can be one or more values separated by commas.
        This is not a wildcard and should be the exact database name. See examples for more info.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Allows you to filter the results to only return the databases you're not interested in. This can be one or more values separated by commas.
        This is not a wildcard and should be the exact database name.

    .PARAMETER Primary
        Allows to filter the results to only return values that apply to the primary instance.

    .PARAMETER Secondary
        Allows to filter the results to only return values that apply to the secondary instance.

    .PARAMETER Simple
        By default all the information will be returned.
        If this parameter is used you get an overview with the SQL Instance, Database, Instance Type and the status

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: LogShipping
        Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad), sqlstad.nl

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDbLogShipStatus

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbLogShipStatus -SqlInstance sql1

        Retrieves the log ship information from sql1 and displays all the information present including the status.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbLogShipStatus -SqlInstance sql1 -Database AdventureWorks2014

        Retrieves the log ship information for just the database AdventureWorks.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbLogShipStatus -SqlInstance sql1 -Primary

        Retrieves the log ship information and only returns the information for the databases on the primary instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbLogShipStatus -SqlInstance sql1 -Secondary

        Retrieves the log ship information and only returns the information for the databases on the secondary instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbLogShipStatus -SqlInstance sql1 -Simple

        Retrieves the log ship information and only returns the columns SQL Instance, Database, Instance Type and Status

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$Simple,
        [switch]$Primary,
        [switch]$Secondary,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        # Setup the query
        [string[]]$query = "
IF ( OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#logshippingstatus') ) IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
DROP TABLE #logshippingstatus;
END;

CREATE TABLE #logshippingstatus
(
    Status BIT ,
    IsPrimary BIT ,
    Server VARCHAR(100) ,
    DatabaseName VARCHAR(100) ,
    TimeSinceLastBackup INT ,
    LastBackupFile VARCHAR(255) ,
    BackupThreshold INT ,
    IsBackupAlertEnabled BIT ,
    TimeSinceLastCopy INT ,
    LastCopiedFile VARCHAR(255) ,
    TimeSinceLastRestore INT ,
    LastRestoredFile VARCHAR(255) ,
    LastRestoredLatency INT ,
    RestoreThreshold INT ,
    IsRestoreAlertEnabled BIT
);

INSERT INTO #logshippingstatus
(   Status ,
    IsPrimary ,
    Server ,
    DatabaseName ,
    TimeSinceLastBackup ,
    LastBackupFile ,
    BackupThreshold ,
    IsBackupAlertEnabled ,
    TimeSinceLastCopy ,
    LastCopiedFile ,
    TimeSinceLastRestore ,
    LastRestoredFile ,
    LastRestoredLatency ,
    RestoreThreshold ,
    IsRestoreAlertEnabled
)
EXEC master.sys.sp_help_log_shipping_monitor"

        $select = "SELECT * FROM #logshippingstatus"

        if ($Database -or $ExcludeDatabase) {

            if ($database) {
                $where += "DatabaseName IN ('$($Database -join ''',''')')"
            } elseif ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $where += "DatabaseName NOT IN ('$($ExcludeDatabase -join ''',''')')"
            }

            $select = "$select WHERE $where"
        }

        $query += $select
        $query += "DROP TABLE #logshippingstatus"
        $sql = $query -join ";`n"
        Write-Message -level Debug -Message $sql
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $sqlinstance) {
            # Try connecting to the instance
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.EngineEdition -match "Express") {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$instance is Express Edition which does not support Log Shipping"
                continue
            }

            # Check the variables
            if ($Primary -and $Secondary) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Invalid parameter combination. Please enter either -Primary or -Secondary" -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Get the log shipped databases
            $results = $server.Query($sql)

            # Check if any rows were returned
            if ($results.Count -lt 1) {
                Stop-Function -Message "No information available about any log shipped databases for $instance. Please check the instance name." -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # Filter the results
            if ($Primary) {
                $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.IsPrimary -eq $true }
            }

            if ($Secondary) {
                $results = $results | Where-Object { $_.IsPrimary -eq $false }
            }

            # Loop through each of the results
            foreach ($result in $results) {

                # Setup a variable to hold the errors
                $statusDetails = @()

                # Check if there are any results that need to be returned
                if ($result.Status -notin 0, 1) {
                    $statusDetails += "N/A"
                } else {
                    # Check the status of the row is true which indicates that something is wrong
                    if ($result.Status) {
                        # Check if the row is part of the primary or secondary instance
                        if ($result.IsPrimary) {
                            # Check the backup
                            if (-not $result.TimeSinceLastBackup) {
                                $statusDetails += "The backup has never been executed."
                            } elseif ($result.TimeSinceLastBackup -ge $result.BackupThreshold) {
                                $statusDetails += "The backup has not been executed in the last $($result.BackupThreshold) minutes"
                            }
                        } elseif (-not $result.IsPrimary) {
                            # Check the restore
                            if ($null -eq $result.TimeSinceLastRestore) {
                                $statusDetails += "The restore has never been executed."
                            } elseif ($result.TimeSinceLastRestore -ge $result.RestoreThreshold) {
                                $statusDetails += "The restore has not been executed in the last $($result.RestoreThreshold) minutes"
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        $statusDetails += "All OK"
                    }


                    # Check the time for the backup, copy and restore
                    if ($result.TimeSinceLastBackup -eq [DBNull]::Value) {
                        $lastBackup = "N/A"
                    } else {
                        $lastBackup = (Get-Date).AddMinutes(- $result.TimeSinceLastBackup)
                    }

                    if ($result.TimeSinceLastCopy -eq [DBNull]::Value) {
                        $lastCopy = "N/A"
                    } else {
                        $lastCopy = (Get-Date).AddMinutes(- $result.TimeSinceLastCopy)
                    }

                    if ($result.TimeSinceLastRestore -eq [DBNull]::Value) {
                        $lastRestore = "N/A"
                    } else {
                        $lastRestore = (Get-Date).AddMinutes(- $result.TimeSinceLastRestore)
                    }
                }

                # Set up the custom object
                $object = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName          = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName          = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance           = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Database              = $result.DatabaseName
                    InstanceType          = switch ($result.IsPrimary) { $true { "Primary Instance" } $false { "Secondary Instance" } }
                    TimeSinceLastBackup   = $lastBackup
                    LastBackupFile        = $result.LastBackupFile
                    BackupThreshold       = $result.BackupThreshold
                    IsBackupAlertEnabled  = $result.IsBackupAlertEnabled
                    TimeSinceLastCopy     = $lastCopy
                    LastCopiedFile        = $result.LastCopiedFile
                    TimeSinceLastRestore  = $lastRestore
                    LastRestoredFile      = $result.LastRestoredFile
                    LastRestoredLatency   = $result.LastRestoredLatency
                    RestoreThreshold      = $result.RestoreThreshold
                    IsRestoreAlertEnabled = $result.IsRestoreAlertEnabled
                    Status                = $statusDetails -join ","
                }

                if ($Simple) {
                    $object | Select-DefaultView -Property SqlInstance, Database, InstanceType, Status
                } else {
                    $object
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Test-DbaLogShippingStatus
    }
}
function Test-DbaDbOwner {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Checks database owners against a login to validate which databases do not match that owner.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function will check all databases on an instance against a SQL login to validate if that
        login owns those databases or not. By default, the function will check against 'sa' for
        ownership, but the user can pass a specific login if they use something else.

        Best Practice reference: http://weblogs.sqlteam.com/dang/archive/2008/01/13/Database-Owner-Troubles.aspx

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER TargetLogin
        Specifies the login that you wish check for ownership. This defaults to 'sa' or the sysadmin name if sa was renamed. This must be a valid security principal which exists on the target server.

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Database, Owner, DbOwner
        Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDbOwner

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbOwner -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all databases where the owner does not match 'sa'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbOwner -SqlInstance localhost -TargetLogin 'DOMAIN\account'

        Returns all databases where the owner does not match 'DOMAIN\account'.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [string]$TargetLogin ,
        [Switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [Switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter "Detailed"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # dynamic sa name for orgs who have changed their sa name
            if (Test-Bound -ParameterName TargetLogin -Not) {
                $TargetLogin = ($server.logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
            }

            #Validate login
            if (($server.Logins.Name) -notmatch [Regex]::Escape($TargetLogin)) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$TargetLogin is not a login on $instance" -Target $instance
            }
        }
        #use online/available dbs
        $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible

        #filter database collection based on parameters
        if ($Database) {
            $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }
        }

        if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
            $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        #for each database, create custom object for return set.
        foreach ($db in $dbs) {

            if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping database." -Continue -Target $db
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking $db"
            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance  = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Server       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Database     = $db.Name
                DBState      = $db.Status
                CurrentOwner = $db.Owner
                TargetOwner  = $TargetLogin
                OwnerMatch   = ($db.owner -eq $TargetLogin)
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Server
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-DbaDatabaseOwner
    }
}
function Test-DbaDbRecoveryModel {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Find if database is really a specific recovery model or not.

    .DESCRIPTION
        When you switch a database into FULL recovery model, it will behave like a SIMPLE recovery model until a full backup is taken in order to begin a log backup chain.

        However, you may also desire to validate if a database is SIMPLE or BULK LOGGED on an instance.

        Inspired by Paul Randal's post (http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/paul/new-script-is-that-database-really-in-the-full-recovery-mode/)

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER RecoveryModel
        Specifies the type of recovery model you wish to test. By default it will test for FULL Recovery Model.

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup
        Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDbRecoveryModel

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2005

        Shows all databases where the configured recovery model is FULL and indicates whether or not they are really in FULL recovery model.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance . | Where-Object {$_.ActualRecoveryModel -ne "FULL"}

        Only shows the databases that are functionally in 'simple' mode.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance sql2008 -RecoveryModel Bulk_Logged | Sort-Object Server  -Descending

        Shows all databases where the configured recovery model is BULK_LOGGED and sort them by server name descending

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbRecoveryModel -SqlInstance localhost | Select-Object -Property *

        Shows all of the properties for the databases that have Full Recovery Model

       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType("System.Collections.ArrayList")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [validateSet("Full", "Simple", "Bulk_Logged")]
        [object]$RecoveryModel,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Alias Test-DbaFullRecoveryModel

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName RecoveryModel -Not) {
            $RecoveryModel = "Full"
        }

        switch ($RecoveryModel) {
            "Full" {$recoveryCode = 1}
            "Bulk_Logged" {$recoveryCode = 2}
            "Simple" {$recoveryCode = 3}
        }

        $sqlRecoveryModel = "SELECT  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
                ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance
                        , d.[name] AS [Database]
                        , d.recovery_model AS RecoveryModel
                        , d.recovery_model_desc AS RecoveryModelDesc
                        , CASE
                            WHEN d.recovery_model = 1 AND drs.last_log_backup_lsn IS NOT NULL THEN 1
                            ELSE 0
                           END AS IsReallyInFullRecoveryModel
                  FROM sys.databases AS D
                    INNER JOIN sys.database_recovery_status AS drs
                       ON D.database_id = drs.database_id
                  WHERE d.recovery_model = $recoveryCode"

        if ($Database) {
            $dblist = $Database -join "','"
            $databasefilter += "AND d.[name] in ('$dblist')"
        }
        if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
            $dblist = $ExcludeDatabase -join "','"
            $databasefilter += "AND d.[name] NOT IN ('$dblist')"
        }

        $sql = "$sqlRecoveryModel $databasefilter"

        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            try {
                $results = $server.Query($sql)

                if (-not $results) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Server '$instance' does not have any databases in the $RecoveryModel recovery model."
                }

                foreach ($row in $results) {
                    if (!([bool]$row.IsReallyInFullRecoveryModel) -and $RecoveryModel -eq 'Full') {
                        $ActualRecoveryModel = "SIMPLE"
                    } else {
                        $ActualRecoveryModel = "$($RecoveryModel.ToString().ToUpper())"
                    }

                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName            = $row.ComputerName
                        InstanceName            = $row.InstanceName
                        SqlInstance             = $row.SqlInstance
                        Database                = $row.Database
                        ConfiguredRecoveryModel = $row.RecoveryModelDesc
                        ActualRecoveryModel     = $ActualRecoveryModel
                    } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, ConfiguredRecoveryModel, ActualRecoveryModel
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Alias Test-DbaRecoveryModel
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Test-DbaDbVirtualLogFile {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns calculations on the database virtual log files for database on a SQL instance.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Having a transaction log file with too many virtual log files (VLFs) can hurt database performance.

        Too many VLFs can cause transaction log backups to slow down and can also slow down database recovery and, in extreme cases, even affect insert/update/delete performance.

        References:
        http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/kimberly/transaction-log-vlfs-too-many-or-too-few/
        http://blogs.msdn.com/b/saponsqlserver/archive/2012/02/22/too-many-virtual-log-files-vlfs-can-cause-slow-database-recovery.aspx

        If you've got a high number of VLFs, you can use Expand-SqlTLogResponsibly to reduce the number.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystemDBs
        If this switch is enabled, system database information will be displayed.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: VLF, Database
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDbVirtualLogFile

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance sqlcluster

        Returns all user database virtual log file counts for the sqlcluster instance.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance sqlserver | Where-Object {$_.Count -ge 50}

        Returns user databases that have 50 or more VLFs.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> @('sqlserver','sqlcluster') | Test-DbaDbVirtualLogFile

        Returns all VLF information for the sqlserver and sqlcluster SQL Server instances. Processes data via the pipeline.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database db1, db2

        Returns VLF counts for the db1 and db2 databases on sqlcluster.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Collections.ArrayList])]
    param ([parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$IncludeSystemDBs,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases
            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -in $Database
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if (!$IncludeSystemDBs) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq $false
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                try {
                    $data = Get-DbaDbVirtualLogFile -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name
                    $logFile = Get-DbaDbFile -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name | Where-Object Type -eq 1

                    $active = $data | Where-Object Status -eq 2
                    $inactive = $data | Where-Object Status -eq 0

                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName      = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName      = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance       = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        Database          = $db.name
                        Total             = $data.Count
                        TotalCount        = $data.Count
                        Inactive          = if ($inactive -and $null -eq $inactive.Count) {1} else {$inactive.Count}
                        Active            = if ($active -and $null -eq $active.Count) {1} else {$active.Count}
                        LogFileName       = $logFile.LogicalName -join ","
                        LogFileGrowth     = $logFile.Growth -join ","
                        LogFileGrowthType = $logFile.GrowthType -join ","
                    } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, Total
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Unable to query $($db.name) on $instance." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $db -Continue
                }
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-DbaVirtualLogFile
    }
}
function Test-DbaDeprecatedFeature {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays information relating to deprecated features for SQL Server 2005 and above.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Displays information relating to deprecated features for SQL Server 2005 and above.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternate Windows or SQL Login Authentication. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential).

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of databases (such as returned by Get-DbaDatabase), to be tested.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Deprecated
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDeprecatedFeature

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database testdb, db2 | Test-DbaDeprecatedFeature

        Check deprecated features on server sql2008 for only the testdb and db2 databases

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database testdb, db2 | Test-DbaDeprecatedFeature | Select *

        See the object definition in the output as well

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDeprecatedFeature -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Check deprecated features for all databases on the servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDeprecatedFeature -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB

        Check deprecated features on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Database,
        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $sql = "SELECT  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
            ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
            SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance, object_id as ID, Name, type_desc as Type, Object_Definition (object_id) as Definition FROM sys.all_objects
            Where Type = 'P' AND is_ms_shipped = 0"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
        }
        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $($db.Parent.Name)"

            if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping database." -Continue
            }

            $deps = $db.Query("select instance_name as dep from sys.dm_os_performance_counters where object_name like '%Deprecated%'")
            try {
                $results = $db.Query($sql)
                foreach ($dep in $deps) {
                    $escaped = [Regex]::Escape("$($dep.dep)".Trim())
                    $matchedep = $results | Where-Object Definition -match $escaped
                    if ($matchedep) {
                        $matchedep | Add-Member -NotePropertyName DeprecatedFeature -NotePropertyValue $dep.dep.ToString().Trim() -PassThru -Force |
                            Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, DeprecatedFeature, ID, Name, Type
                    }
                }
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaDiskAlignment {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Verifies that your non-dynamic disks are aligned according to physical constraints.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns $true or $false by default for one server. Returns Server name and IsBestPractice for more than one server.

        Please refer to your storage vendor best practices before following any advice below.

        By default issues with disk alignment should be resolved by a new installation of Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista, or later operating systems, but verifying disk alignment continues to be recommended as a best practice.
        While some versions of Windows use different starting alignments, if you are starting anew 1MB is generally the best practice offset for current operating systems (because it ensures that the partition offset % common stripe unit sizes == 0 )

        Caveats:
        * Dynamic drives (or those provisioned via third party software) may or may not have accurate results when polled by any of the built in tools, see your vendor for details.
        * Windows does not have a reliable way to determine stripe unit Sizes. These values are obtained from vendor disk management software or from your SAN administrator.
        * System drives in versions previous to Windows Server 2008 cannot be aligned, but it is generally not recommended to place SQL Server databases on system drives.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target computer or computers.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Specifies an alternate Windows account to use when enumerating drives on the server. May require Administrator privileges. To use:

        $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER SQLCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER NoSqlCheck
        If this switch is enabled, the disk(s) will not be checked for SQL Server data or log files.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Storage
        Author: Constantine Kokkinos (@mobileck), https://constantinekokkinos.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        The preferred way to determine if your disks are aligned (or not) is to calculate:
        1. Partition offset - stripe unit size
        2. Stripe unit size - File allocation unit size

        References:
        - Disk Partition Alignment Best Practices for SQL Server - https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd758814(v=sql.100).aspx
        - Getting Partition Offset information with Powershell - http://sqlblog.com/blogs/jonathan_kehayias/archive/2010/03/01/getting-partition-Offset-information-with-powershell.aspx
        Thanks to Jonathan Kehayias!
        - Decree: Set your partition Offset and block Size and make SQL Server faster - http://www.midnightdba.com/Jen/2014/04/decree-set-your-partition-Offset-and-block-Size-make-sql-server-faster/
        Thanks to Jen McCown!
        - Disk Performance Hands On - http://www.kendalvandyke.com/2009/02/disk-performance-hands-on-series-recap.html
        Thanks to Kendal Van Dyke!
        - Get WMI Disk Information - http://powershell.com/cs/media/p/7937.aspx
        Thanks to jbruns2010!

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDiskAlignment

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDiskAlignment -ComputerName sqlserver2014a

        Tests the disk alignment of a single server named sqlserver2014a

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDiskAlignment -ComputerName sqlserver2014a, sqlserver2014b, sqlserver2014c

        Tests the disk alignment of multiple servers

    #>
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$Credential,
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$NoSqlCheck,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -Parameter 'Detailed'

        $sessionoption = New-CimSessionOption -Protocol DCom

        function Get-DiskAlignment {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $CimSession,
                [string]$FunctionName = (Get-PSCallStack)[0].Command,
                [bool]$NoSqlCheck,
                [string]$ComputerName,
                [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
                [bool]$EnableException = $EnableException
            )

            $SqlInstances = @()
            $offsets = @()

            #region Retrieving partition/disk Information
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathering information about first partition on each disk for $ComputerName." -FunctionName $FunctionName

                try {
                    $partitions = Get-CimInstance -CimSession $CimSession -ClassName Win32_DiskPartition -Namespace "root\cimv2" -ErrorAction Stop
                } catch {
                    if ($_.Exception -match "namespace") {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Can't get disk alignment info for $ComputerName. Unsupported operating system." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ComputerName -FunctionName $FunctionName
                        return
                    } else {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Can't get disk alignment info for $ComputerName. Check logs for more details." -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $ComputerName -FunctionName $FunctionName
                        return
                    }
                }


                $disks = @()
                $disks += $($partitions | ForEach-Object {
                        Get-CimInstance -CimSession $CimSession -Query "ASSOCIATORS OF {Win32_DiskPartition.DeviceID=""$($_.DeviceID.Replace("\", "\\"))""} WHERE AssocClass = Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition" |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name BlockSize -Value $_.BlockSize -PassThru |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name BootPartition -Value $_.BootPartition -PassThru |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name DiskIndex -Value $_.DiskIndex -PassThru |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name Index -Value $_.Index -PassThru |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name NumberOfBlocks -Value $_.NumberOfBlocks -PassThru |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name StartingOffset -Value $_.StartingOffset -PassThru |
                            Add-Member -Force -MemberType noteproperty -Name Type -Value $_.Type -PassThru
                    } |
                        Select-Object BlockSize, BootPartition, Description, DiskIndex, Index, Name, NumberOfBlocks, Size, StartingOffset, Type
                )
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathered CIM information." -FunctionName $FunctionName
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to CIM on $ComputerName." -FunctionName $FunctionName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
            #endregion Retrieving partition Information

            #region Retrieving Instances
            if (-not $NoSqlCheck) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for SQL Services." -FunctionName $FunctionName
                $sqlservices = Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Service -CimSession $CimSession | Where-Object DisplayName -like 'SQL Server (*'
                foreach ($service in $sqlservices) {
                    $instance = $service.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '')
                    $instance = $instance.TrimEnd(')')

                    $instancename = $instance.Replace("MSSQLSERVER", "Default")
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found instance $instancename" -FunctionName $FunctionName
                    if ($instance -eq 'MSSQLSERVER') {
                        $SqlInstances += $ComputerName
                    } else {
                        $SqlInstances += "$ComputerName\$instance"
                    }
                }
                $sqlcount = $SqlInstances.Count
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$sqlcount instance(s) found." -FunctionName $FunctionName
            }
            #endregion Retrieving Instances

            #region Offsets
            foreach ($disk in $disks) {
                if (!$disk.name.StartsWith("\\")) {
                    $diskname = $disk.Name
                    if ($NoSqlCheck -eq $false) {
                        $sqldisk = $false

                        foreach ($SqlInstance in $SqlInstances) {
                            try {
                                if ($null -ne $SqlCredential) {
                                    $smoserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                                } else {
                                    $smoserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance # win auth
                                }
                                $sql = "Select count(*) as Count from sys.master_files where physical_name like '$diskname%'"
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Query is: $sql" -FunctionName $FunctionName
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server is: $SqlInstance." -FunctionName $FunctionName
                                $sqlcount = $smoserver.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables[0].Count
                                if ($sqlcount -gt 0) {
                                    $sqldisk = $true
                                    break
                                }
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to $ComputerName ($SqlInstance)." -FunctionName $FunctionName -InnerErrorRecord $_
                                return
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($NoSqlCheck -eq $false) {
                        if ($sqldisk -eq $true) {
                            $offsets += $disk
                        }
                    } else {
                        $offsets += $disk
                    }
                }
            }
            #endregion Offsets

            #region Processing results
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking $($offsets.count) partitions." -FunctionName $FunctionName
            foreach ($partition in $offsets) {
                # Unfortunately "Windows does not have a reliable way to determine stripe unit Sizes. These values are obtained from vendor disk management software or from your SAN administrator."
                # And this is the #1 most impactful issue with disk alignment :D
                # What we can do is test common stripe unit Sizes against the Offset we have and give advice if the Offset they chose would work in those scenarios
                $offset = $partition.StartingOffset / 1kb
                $type = $partition.Type
                $stripe_units = @(64, 128, 256, 512, 1024) # still wish I had a better way to verify this or someone to pat my back and say its alright.

                # testing dynamic disks, everyone states that info from dynamic disks is not to be trusted, so throw a warning.
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing for dynamic disks." -FunctionName $FunctionName
                if ($type -eq "Logical Disk Manager") {
                    $IsDynamicDisk = $true
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Disk is dynamic, all Offset calculations should be suspect, please refer to your vendor to determine actual Offset calculations." -FunctionName $FunctionName
                } else {
                    $IsDynamicDisk = $false
                }

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for best practices offsets." -FunctionName $FunctionName

                if ($offset -ne 64 -and $offset -ne 128 -and $offset -ne 256 -and $offset -ne 512 -and $offset -ne 1024) {
                    $IsOffsetBestPractice = $false
                } else {
                    $IsOffsetBestPractice = $true
                }

                # as we can't tell the actual size of the file strip unit, just check all the sizes I know about
                foreach ($size in $stripe_units) {
                    if ($offset % $size -eq 0) {
                        # for proper alignment we really only need to know that your offset divided by your stripe unit size has a remainder of 0
                        $OffsetModuloKB = "$($offset % $size)"
                        $isBestPractice = $true
                    } else {
                        $OffsetModuloKB = "$($offset % $size)"
                        $isBestPractice = $false
                    }

                    [PSCustomObject]@{
                        ComputerName            = $ogcomputer
                        Name                    = "$($partition.Name)"
                        PartitonSize            = [dbasize]($($partition.Size / 1MB) * 1024 * 1024)
                        PartitionType           = $partition.Type
                        TestingStripeSize       = [dbasize]($size * 1024)
                        OffsetModuluCalculation = [dbasize]($OffsetModuloKB * 1024)
                        StartingOffset          = [dbasize]($offset * 1024)
                        IsOffsetBestPractice    = $IsOffsetBestPractice
                        IsBestPractice          = $isBestPractice
                        NumberOfBlocks          = $partition.NumberOfBlocks
                        BootPartition           = $partition.BootPartition
                        PartitionBlockSize      = $partition.BlockSize
                        IsDynamicDisk           = $IsDynamicDisk
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    process {
        # uses cim commands
        
        
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $computer = $ogcomputer = $computer.ComputerName
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing: $computer."

            $computer = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential
            $Computer = $computer.FullComputerName

            if (-not $Computer) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't resolve hostname. Skipping." -Continue
            }

            #region Connecting to server via Cim
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CimSession on $computer over WSMan"

            if (-not $Credential) {
                $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction Ignore
            } else {
                $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction Ignore -Credential $Credential
            }

            if ($null -eq $cimsession.id) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CimSession on $computer over WSMan failed. Creating CimSession on $computer over DCOM."

                if (!$Credential) {
                    $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -SessionOption $sessionoption -ErrorAction Ignore
                } else {
                    $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -SessionOption $sessionoption -ErrorAction Ignore -Credential $Credential
                }
            }

            if ($null -eq $cimsession.id) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't create CimSession on $computer." -Target $Computer -Continue
            }
            #endregion Connecting to server via Cim

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Power Plan information from $Computer."


            try {
                Get-DiskAlignment -CimSession $cimsession -NoSqlCheck $NoSqlCheck -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to process $($Computer): $($_.Exception.Message)" -Continue -InnerErrorRecord $_ -Target $Computer
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaDiskAllocation {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Checks all disks on a computer to see if they are formatted with allocation units of 64KB.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Checks all disks on a computer for disk allocation units that match best practice recommendations. If one server is checked, only $true or $false is returned. If multiple servers are checked, each server's name and an IsBestPractice field are returned.

        References:
        https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd758814(v=sql.100).aspx - "The performance question here is usually not one of correlation per the formula, but whether the cluster size has been explicitly defined at 64 KB, which is a best practice for SQL Server."

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The server(s) to check disk configuration on.

    .PARAMETER NoSqlCheck
        If this switch is enabled, the disk(s) will not be checked for SQL Server data or log files.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Specifies an alternate Windows account to use when enumerating drives on the server. May require Administrator privileges. To use:

        $cred = Get-Credential, then pass $cred object to the -Credential parameter.

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: CIM, Storage
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDiskAllocation

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDiskAllocation -ComputerName sqlserver2014a

        Scans all disks on server sqlserver2014a for best practice allocation unit size.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDiskAllocation -ComputerName sqlserver2014 | Select-Output *

        Scans all disks on server sqlserver2014a for allocation unit size and returns detailed results for each.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDiskAllocation -ComputerName sqlserver2014a -NoSqlCheck

        Scans all disks not hosting SQL Server data or log files on server sqlserver2014a for best practice allocation unit size.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [OutputType("System.Collections.ArrayList", "System.Boolean")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [object[]]$ComputerName,
        [switch]$NoSqlCheck,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed

        $sessionoptions = New-CimSessionOption -Protocol DCOM

        function Get-AllDiskAllocation {
            $alldisks = @()
            $SqlInstances = @()

            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting disk information from $computer."

                # $query = "Select Label, BlockSize, Name from Win32_Volume WHERE FileSystem='NTFS'"
                # $disks = Get-WmiObject -ComputerName $ipaddr -Query $query | Sort-Object -Property Name
                $disks = Get-CimInstance -CimSession $CIMsession -ClassName win32_volume -Filter "FileSystem='NTFS'" -ErrorAction Stop | Sort-Object -Property Name
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to WMI on $computer."
                return
            }

            if ($NoSqlCheck -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for SQL Services"
                $sqlservices = Get-Service -ComputerName $ipaddr | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like 'SQL Server (*' }
                foreach ($service in $sqlservices) {
                    $instance = $service.DisplayName.Replace('SQL Server (', '')
                    $instance = $instance.TrimEnd(')')

                    $instancename = $instance.Replace("MSSQLSERVER", "Default")
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found instance $instancename."

                    if ($instance -eq 'MSSQLSERVER') {
                        $SqlInstances += $ipaddr
                    } else {
                        $SqlInstances += "$ipaddr\$instance"
                    }
                }
                $sqlcount = $SqlInstances.Count

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$sqlcount instance(s) found."
            }

            foreach ($disk in $disks) {
                if (!$disk.name.StartsWith("\\")) {
                    $diskname = $disk.Name

                    if ($NoSqlCheck -eq $false) {
                        $sqldisk = $false

                        foreach ($SqlInstance in $SqlInstances) {
                            try {
                                $smoserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                                $sql = "Select count(*) as Count from sys.master_files where physical_name like '$diskname%'"
                                $sqlcount = $smoserver.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql).Tables[0].Count
                                if ($sqlcount -gt 0) {
                                    $sqldisk = $true
                                    break
                                }
                            } catch {
                                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                                continue
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($disk.BlockSize -eq 65536) {
                        $IsBestPractice = $true
                    } else {
                        $IsBestPractice = $false
                    }

                    $windowsdrive = "$env:SystemDrive\"

                    if ($diskname -eq $windowsdrive) {
                        $IsBestPractice = $false
                    }

                    if ($NoSqlCheck -eq $false) {
                        $alldisks += [PSCustomObject]@{
                            Server         = $computer
                            Name           = $diskname
                            Label          = $disk.Label
                            BlockSize      = $disk.BlockSize
                            IsSqlDisk      = $sqldisk
                            IsBestPractice = $IsBestPractice
                        }
                    } else {
                        $alldisks += [PSCustomObject]@{
                            Server         = $computer
                            Name           = $diskname
                            Label          = $disk.Label
                            BlockSize      = $disk.BlockSize
                            IsBestPractice = $IsBestPractice
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return $alldisks
        }
    }

    process {
        # uses cim commands
        
        
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {

            $computer = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential
            $ipaddr = $computer.IpAddress
            $Computer = $computer.FullComputerName

            if (!$Computer) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't resolve hostname. Skipping." -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CimSession on $computer over WSMan."

            if (!$Credential) {
                $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            } else {
                $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
            }

            if ($null -eq $cimsession.id) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating CimSession on $computer over WSMan failed. Creating CimSession on $computer over DCOM."

                if (!$Credential) {
                    $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -SessionOption $sessionoptions -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                } else {
                    $cimsession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $Computer -SessionOption $sessionoptions -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Credential $Credential
                }
            }

            if ($null -eq $cimsession.id) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Can't create CimSession on $computer" -Target $Computer
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Power Plan information from $Computer"

            if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("$computer", "Getting Disk Allocation")) {
                $data = Get-AllDiskAllocation $computer

                if ($data.Count -gt 1) {
                    $data.GetEnumerator()
                } else {
                    $data
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaDiskSpeed {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Tests how disks are performing.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Tests how disks are performing.

        This command uses a query from Rich Benner which was adapted from David Pless's article:
        https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dpless/2010/12/01/leveraging-sys-dm_io_virtual_file_stats/
        https://github.com/RichBenner/PersonalCode/blob/master/Disk_Speed_Check.sql

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to the SQL Server using alternative credentials.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaDiskSpeed

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDiskSpeed -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Tests how disks are performing on sql2008 and sqlserver2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaDiskSpeed -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database tempdb

        Tests how disks storing tempdb files on sql2008 are performing.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        $sql = "SELECT  SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS ComputerName,
        ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
        SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS SqlInstance, db_name(a.database_id) AS [Database]
        , CAST(((a.size_on_disk_bytes/1024)/1024.0)/1024 AS DECIMAL(10,2)) AS [SizeGB]
        , RIGHT(b.physical_name, CHARINDEX('\', REVERSE(b.physical_name)) -1) AS [FileName]
        , a.file_id AS [FileID]
        , CASE WHEN a.file_id = 2 THEN 'Log' ELSE 'Data' END AS [FileType]
        , UPPER(SUBSTRING(b.physical_name, 1, 2)) AS [DiskLocation]
        , a.num_of_reads AS [Reads]
        , CASE WHEN a.num_of_reads < 1 THEN NULL ELSE CAST(a.io_stall_read_ms/(a.num_of_reads) AS INT) END AS [AverageReadStall]
        , CASE
            WHEN CASE WHEN a.num_of_reads < 1 THEN NULL ELSE CAST(a.io_stall_read_ms/(a.num_of_reads) AS INT) END < 10 THEN 'Very Good'
            WHEN CASE WHEN a.num_of_reads < 1 THEN NULL ELSE CAST(a.io_stall_read_ms/(a.num_of_reads) AS INT) END < 20 THEN 'OK'
            WHEN CASE WHEN a.num_of_reads < 1 THEN NULL ELSE CAST(a.io_stall_read_ms/(a.num_of_reads) AS INT) END < 50 THEN 'Slow, Needs Attention'
            WHEN CASE WHEN a.num_of_reads < 1 THEN NULL ELSE CAST(a.io_stall_read_ms/(a.num_of_reads) AS INT) END >= 50 THEN 'Serious I/O Bottleneck'
            END AS [ReadPerformance]
        , a.num_of_writes AS [Writes]
        , CASE WHEN a.num_of_writes < 1 THEN NULL ELSE CAST(a.io_stall_write_ms/a.num_of_writes AS INT) END AS [AverageWriteStall]
        , CASE
            WHEN CASE WHEN a.num_of_writes < 1 THEN NULL ELSE CAST(a.io_stall_write_ms/(a.num_of_writes) AS INT) END < 10 THEN 'Very Good'
            WHEN CASE WHEN a.num_of_writes < 1 THEN NULL ELSE CAST(a.io_stall_write_ms/(a.num_of_writes) AS INT) END < 20 THEN 'OK'
            WHEN CASE WHEN a.num_of_writes < 1 THEN NULL ELSE CAST(a.io_stall_write_ms/(a.num_of_writes) AS INT) END < 50 THEN 'Slow, Needs Attention'
            WHEN CASE WHEN a.num_of_writes < 1 THEN NULL ELSE CAST(a.io_stall_write_ms/(a.num_of_writes) AS INT) END >= 50 THEN 'Serious I/O Bottleneck'
            END AS [WritePerformance]
        FROM sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats (NULL, NULL) a
        JOIN sys.master_files b
            ON a.file_id = b.file_id
            AND a.database_id = b.database_id"

        if ($Database -or $ExcludeDatabase) {
            if ($database) {
                $where = " where db_name(a.database_id) in ('$($Database -join "'")') "
            }
            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $where = " where db_name(a.database_id) not in ('$($ExcludeDatabase -join "'")') "
            }
            $sql += $where
        }

        $sql += " ORDER BY (a.num_of_reads + a.num_of_writes) DESC"
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Executing $sql"
            $server.Query("$sql")
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Test-DbaEndpoint {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Performs a simple connectivity test for TCP and SSL enabled endpoints.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Performs a simple connectivity test for TCP and SSL enabled endpoints. Tests if port is accessible, not if endpoint is working.

        Note that if an endpoint does not have a tcp listener port, it will be skipped.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Endpoint
        Test only specific endpoint or endpoints.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaEndpoint.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Endpoint
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaEndpoint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance localhost

        Tests all endpoints on the local default SQL Server instance.

        Note that if an endpoint does not have a tcp listener port, it will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016 -Endpoint Mirror | Test-DbaEndpoint

        Tests all endpoints named Mirroring on sql2016 and localhost.

        Note that if an endpoint does not have a tcp listener port, it will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance localhost, sql2016 -Endpoint Mirror

        Tests all endpoints named Mirroring on sql2016 and localhost.

        Note that if an endpoint does not have a tcp listener port, it will be skipped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance localhost -Verbose

        Tests all endpoints on the local default SQL Server instance.

        See all endpoints that were skipped due to not having a tcp listener port.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string[]]$Endpoint,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Endpoint[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaEndpoint -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Endpoint $Endpoint
        }

        foreach ($end in $InputObject) {
            if (-not $end.Protocol.Tcp.ListenerPort) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$end on $($end.Parent) does not have a tcp listener port"
            } else {
                Write-Message "Connecting to port $($end.Protocol.Tcp.ListenerPort) on $($end.ComputerName) for endpoint $($end.Name)"

                try {
                    $tcp = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient
                    $tcp.Connect($end.ComputerName, $end.Protocol.Tcp.ListenerPort)
                    $tcp.Close()
                    $tcp.Dispose()
                    $connect = "Success"
                } catch {
                    $connect = $_
                }

                try {
                    $ssl = $end.Protocol.Tcp.SslPort
                    if ($ssl) {
                        $tcp = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient
                        $tcp.Connect($end.ComputerName, $ssl)
                        $tcp.Close()
                        $tcp.Dispose()
                        $sslconnect = "Success"
                    } else {
                        $sslconnect = "None"
                    }
                } catch {
                    $sslconnect = $_
                }

                [pscustomobject]@{
                    ComputerName  = $end.ComputerName
                    InstanceName  = $end.InstanceName
                    SqlInstance   = $end.SqlInstance
                    Endpoint      = $end.Name
                    Port          = $end.Protocol.Tcp.ListenerPort
                    Connection    = $connect
                    SslConnection = $sslconnect
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaIdentityUsage {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays information relating to IDENTITY seed usage.  Works on SQL Server 2008 and above.

    .DESCRIPTION
        IDENTITY seeds have max values based off of their data type.  This module will locate identity columns and report the seed usage.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER Threshold
        Allows you to specify a minimum % of the seed range being utilized.  This can be used to ignore seeds that have only utilized a small fraction of the range.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSystem
        Allows you to suppress output on system databases

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Identity, Table, Column
        Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaIdentityUsage

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaIdentityUsage -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Check identity seeds for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaIdentityUsage -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB

        Check identity seeds on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaIdentityUsage -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB -Threshold 20

        Check identity seeds on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database, limiting results to 20% utilization of seed range or higher

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [parameter(Position = 1)]
        [int]$Threshold = 0,
        [parameter(Position = 2)]
        [Alias("ExcludeSystemDb")]
        [switch]$ExcludeSystem,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter ExcludeSystem

        $sql = ";WITH CT_DT AS
        (
            SELECT 'tinyint' AS DataType, 0 AS MinValue ,255 AS MaxValue UNION
            SELECT 'smallint' AS DataType, -32768 AS MinValue ,32767 AS MaxValue UNION
            SELECT 'int' AS DataType, -2147483648 AS MinValue ,2147483647 AS MaxValue UNION
            SELECT 'bigint' AS DataType, -9223372036854775808 AS MinValue ,9223372036854775807 AS MaxValue
        ), CTE_1
        AS
        (
          SELECT SCHEMA_NAME(o.schema_id) AS SchemaName,
                 OBJECT_NAME(a.Object_id) as TableName,
                 a.Name as ColumnName,
                 seed_value AS SeedValue,
                 CONVERT(bigint, increment_value) as IncrementValue,

                 CONVERT(bigint, ISNULL(a.last_value, seed_value)) AS LastValue,

                 (CASE
                        WHEN CONVERT(bigint, increment_value) < 0 THEN
                            (CONVERT(bigint, seed_value)
                            - CONVERT(bigint, ISNULL(last_value, seed_value))
                            + (CASE WHEN CONVERT(bigint, seed_value) <> 0 THEN ABS(CONVERT(bigint, increment_value)) ELSE 0 END))
                        ELSE
                            (CONVERT(bigint, ISNULL(last_value, seed_value))
                            - CONVERT(bigint, seed_value)
                            + (CASE WHEN CONVERT(bigint, seed_value) <> 0 THEN ABS(CONVERT(bigint, increment_value)) ELSE 0 END))
                    END) / ABS(CONVERT(bigint, increment_value))  AS NumberOfUses,

                  CAST (
                        (CASE
                            WHEN CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), increment_value) < 0 THEN
                                ABS(CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0),dt.MinValue)
                                - CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), seed_value)
                                - (CASE WHEN CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), seed_value) <> 0 THEN ABS(CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), increment_value)) ELSE 0 END))
                            ELSE
                                CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0),dt.MaxValue)
                                - CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), seed_value)
                                + (CASE WHEN CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), seed_value) <> 0 THEN ABS(CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), increment_value)) ELSE 0 END)
                        END) / ABS(CONVERT(Numeric(20, 0), increment_value))
                    AS Numeric(20, 0)) AS MaxNumberRows

            FROM sys.identity_columns a
                INNER JOIN sys.objects o
                   ON a.object_id = o.object_id
                INNER JOIN sys.types As b
                     ON a.system_type_id = b.system_type_id
                INNER JOIN CT_DT dt
                     ON b.name = dt.DataType
          WHERE a.seed_value is not null
        ),
        CTE_2
        AS
        (
        SELECT SchemaName, TableName, ColumnName, CONVERT(BIGINT, SeedValue) AS SeedValue, CONVERT(BIGINT, IncrementValue) AS IncrementValue, LastValue, ABS(CONVERT(NUMERIC(20,0),MaxNumberRows)) AS MaxNumberRows, NumberOfUses,
               CONVERT(NUMERIC(18, 2), ((CONVERT(FLOAT, NumberOfUses) / ABS(CONVERT(NUMERIC(20, 0), NULLIF(MaxNumberRows,0))) * 100))) AS [PercentUsed]
          FROM CTE_1
        )
        SELECT DB_NAME() as DatabaseName, SchemaName, TableName, ColumnName, SeedValue, IncrementValue, LastValue, MaxNumberRows, NumberOfUses, [PercentUsed]
          FROM CTE_2"

        if ($Threshold -gt 0) {
            $sql += " WHERE [PercentUsed] >= " + $Threshold + " ORDER BY [PercentUsed] DESC"
        } else {
            $sql += " ORDER BY [PercentUsed] DESC"
        }
    }

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $dbs = $server.Databases

            if ($Database) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -In $Database
            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
            }

            if ($ExcludeSystem) {
                $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object IsSystemObject -EQ $false
            }

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $db on $instance"

                if ($db.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The database $db is not accessible. Skipping." -Continue
                }

                try {
                    $results = $db.Query($sql)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Error capturing data on $db" -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_ -Exception $_.Exception -Continue
                }

                foreach ($row in $results) {
                    if ($row.PercentUsed -eq [System.DBNull]::Value) {
                        continue
                    }

                    if ($row.PercentUsed -ge $threshold) {
                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                            SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                            Database       = $row.DatabaseName
                            Schema         = $row.SchemaName
                            Table          = $row.TableName
                            Column         = $row.ColumnName
                            SeedValue      = $row.SeedValue
                            IncrementValue = $row.IncrementValue
                            LastValue      = $row.LastValue
                            MaxNumberRows  = $row.MaxNumberRows
                            NumberOfUses   = $row.NumberOfUses
                            PercentUsed    = $row.PercentUsed
                        } | Select-DefaultView -Exclude MaxNumberRows, NumberOfUses
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaJobOwner {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Checks SQL Agent Job owners against a login to validate which jobs do not match that owner.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function checks all SQL Agent Jobs on an instance against a SQL login to validate if that login owns those SQL Agent Jobs or not. By default, the function checks against 'sa' for ownership, but the user can pass a specific login if they use something else.

        Only SQL Agent Jobs that do not match this ownership will be displayed.
        Best practice reference: http://sqlmag.com/blog/sql-server-tip-assign-ownership-jobs-sysadmin-account

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Job
        Specifies the job(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all jobs will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeJob
        Specifies the job(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Login
        Specifies the login that you wish check for ownership. This defaults to 'sa' or the sysadmin name if sa was renamed. This must be a valid security principal which exists on the target server.

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Agent, Job, Owner
        Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaJobOwner

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaJobOwner -SqlInstance localhost

        Returns all SQL Agent Jobs where the owner does not match 'sa'.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaJobOwner -SqlInstance localhost -ExcludeJob 'syspolicy_purge_history'

        Returns SQL Agent Jobs except for the syspolicy_purge_history job

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaJobOwner -SqlInstance localhost -Login DOMAIN\account

        Returns all SQL Agent Jobs where the owner does not match DOMAIN\account. Note
        that Login must be a valid security principal that exists on the target server.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType('System.Object[]')]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias("Jobs")]
        [object[]]$Job,
        [object[]]$ExcludeJob,
        [Alias("TargetLogin")]
        [string]$Login,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed
        #connect to the instance and set return array empty
        $return = @()
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            #connect to the instance
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

            #Validate login
            if ($Login -and ($server.Logins.Name) -notcontains $Login) {
                if ($SqlInstance.count -eq 1) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Invalid login: $Login."
                    return
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$Login is not a valid login on $instance. Moving on."
                    continue
                }
            }
            if ($Login -and $server.Logins[$Login].LoginType -eq 'WindowsGroup') {
                Stop-Function -Message "$Login is a Windows Group and can not be a job owner."
                return
            }

            #Sets the Default Login to sa if the Login Paramater is not set.
            if (!($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Login'))) {
                $Login = "sa"
            }
            #sql2000 id property is empty -force target login to 'sa' login
            if ($Login -and ( ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) -and ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Login)) )) {
                $Login = "sa"
            }
            # dynamic sa name for orgs who have changed their sa name
            if ($Login -eq "sa") {
                $Login = ($server.Logins | Where-Object { $_.id -eq 1 }).Name
            }

            #Get database list. If value for -Job is passed, massage to make it a string array.
            #Otherwise, use all jobs on the instance where owner not equal to -TargetLogin
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathering jobs to check."
            if ($Job) {
                $jobCollection = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $Job -contains $_.Name }
            } elseif ($ExcludeJob) {
                $jobCollection = $server.JobServer.Jobs | Where-Object { $ExcludeJob -notcontains $_.Name }
            } else {
                $jobCollection = $server.JobServer.Jobs
            }

            #for each database, create custom object for return set.
            foreach ($j in $jobCollection) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking $j"
                $row = [ordered]@{
                    Server       = $server.Name
                    Job          = $j.Name
                    JobType      = if ($j.CategoryID -eq 1) { "Remote" } else { $j.JobType }
                    CurrentOwner = $j.OwnerLoginName
                    TargetOwner  = $Login
                    OwnerMatch   = if ($j.CategoryID -eq 1) { $true } else { $j.OwnerLoginName -eq $Login }

                }
                #add each custom object to the return array
                $return += New-Object PSObject -Property $row
            }
            if ($Job) {
                $results = $return
            } else {
                $results = $return | Where-Object {$_.OwnerMatch -eq $False}
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        #return results
        Select-DefaultView -InputObject $results -Property Server, Job, JobType, CurrentOwner, TargetOwner, OwnerMatch
    }

}
function Test-DbaLastBackup {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Quickly and easily tests the last set of full backups for a server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Restores all or some of the latest backups and performs a DBCC CHECKDB.

        1. Gathers information about the last full backups
        2. Restores the backups to the Destination with a new name. If no Destination is specified, the originating SQL Server instance wil be used.
        3. The database is restored as "dbatools-testrestore-$databaseName" by default, but you can change dbatools-testrestore to whatever you would like using -Prefix
        4. The internal file names are also renamed to prevent conflicts with original database
        5. A DBCC CHECKDB is then performed
        6. And the test database is finally dropped

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Unlike many of the other commands, you cannot specify more than one server.

    .PARAMETER Destination
        The destination server to use to test the restore. By default, the Destination will be set to the source server

        If a different Destination server is specified, you must ensure that the database backups are on a shared location

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER DestinationCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database backups to test. If -Database is not provided, all database backups will be tested.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        Exclude specific Database backups to test.

    .PARAMETER DataDirectory
        Specifies an alternative directory for mdfs, ndfs and so on. The command uses the SQL Server's default data directory for all restores.

    .PARAMETER LogDirectory
        Specifies an alternative directory for ldfs. The command uses the SQL Server's default log directory for all restores.

    .PARAMETER VerifyOnly
        If this switch is enabled, VERIFYONLY will be performed. An actual restore will not be executed.

    .PARAMETER NoCheck
        If this switch is enabled, DBCC CHECKDB will be skipped

    .PARAMETER NoDrop
        If this switch is enabled, the newly-created test database will not be dropped.

    .PARAMETER CopyFile
        If this switch is enabled, the backup file will be copied to the destination default backup location unless CopyPath is specified.

    .PARAMETER CopyPath
        Specifies a path relative to the SQL Server to copy backups when CopyFile is specified. If not specified will use destination default backup location. If destination SQL Server is not local, admin UNC paths will be utilized for the copy.

    .PARAMETER MaxSize
        Max size in MB. Databases larger than this value will not be restored.

    .PARAMETER AzureCredential
        The name of the SQL Server credential on the destination instance that holds the key to the azure storage account.

    .PARAMETER IncludeCopyOnly
        If this switch is enabled, copy only backups will not be counted as a last backup.

    .PARAMETER IgnoreLogBackup
        If this switch is enabled, transaction log backups will be ignored. The restore will stop at the latest full or differential backup point.

    .PARAMETER Prefix
        The database is restored as "dbatools-testrestore-$databaseName" by default. You can change dbatools-testrestore to whatever you would like using this parameter.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaLastBackup

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2016

        Determines the last full backup for ALL databases, attempts to restore all databases (with a different name and file structure), then performs a DBCC CHECKDB. Once the test is complete, the test restore will be dropped.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database SharePoint_Config

        Determines the last full backup for SharePoint_Config, attempts to restore it, then performs a DBCC CHECKDB.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016, sql2017 | Test-DbaLastBackup

        Tests every database backup on sql2016 and sql2017

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016, sql2017 -Database SharePoint_Config | Test-DbaLastBackup

        Tests the database backup for the SharePoint_Config database on sql2016 and sql2017

    .EXAMPLE
       PS C:\> Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database model, master -VerifyOnly

       Skips performing an action restore of the database and simply verifies the backup using VERIFYONLY option of the restore.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2016 -NoCheck -NoDrop

        Skips the DBCC CHECKDB check. This can help speed up the tests but makes it less tested. The test restores will remain on the server.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2016 -DataDirectory E:\bigdrive -LogDirectory L:\bigdrive -MaxSize 10240

        Restores data and log files to alternative locations and only restores databases that are smaller than 10 GB.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2014 -Destination sql2016 -CopyFile

        Copies the backup files for sql2014 databases to sql2016 default backup locations and then attempts restore from there.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaLastBackup -SqlInstance sql2014 -Destination sql2016 -CopyFile -CopyPath "\\BackupShare\TestRestore\"

        Copies the backup files for sql2014 databases to sql2016 default backup locations and then attempts restore from there.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "", Justification = "For Parameters DestinationCredential and AzureCredential")]
    param (
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination,
        [object]$DestinationCredential,
        [string]$DataDirectory,
        [string]$LogDirectory,
        [string]$Prefix = "dbatools-testrestore-",
        [switch]$VerifyOnly,
        [switch]$NoCheck,
        [switch]$NoDrop,
        [switch]$CopyFile,
        [string]$CopyPath,
        [Alias("MaxMB")]
        [int]$MaxSize,
        [switch]$IncludeCopyOnly,
        [switch]$IgnoreLogBackup,
        [string]$AzureCredential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0" -Parameter 'MaxMB'
    }
    process {
        if ($SqlInstance) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $Database -ExcludeDatabase $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {
            if ($db.Name -eq "tempdb") {
                continue
            }

            $sourceserver = $db.Parent
            $source = $db.Parent.Name
            $instance = [DbaInstanceParameter]$source
            $copysuccess = $true
            $dbname = $db.Name

            if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Destination)) {
                $destination = $sourceserver.Name
                $DestinationCredential = $SqlCredential
            }

            try {
                $destserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destination -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to connect to: $destination." -Target $destination -Continue
            }

            if ($destserver.VersionMajor -lt $sourceserver.VersionMajor) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$Destination is a lower version than $instance. Backups would be incompatible." -Continue
            }

            if ($destserver.VersionMajor -eq $sourceserver.VersionMajor -and $destserver.VersionMinor -lt $sourceserver.VersionMinor) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$Destination is a lower version than $instance. Backups would be incompatible." -Continue
            }

            if ($CopyPath) {
                $testpath = Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $destserver -Path $CopyPath
                if (-not $testpath) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$destserver cannot access $CopyPath." -Continue
                }
            } else {
                # If not CopyPath is specified, use the destination server default backup directory
                $copyPath = $destserver.BackupDirectory
            }

            if ($instance -ne $destination -and -not $CopyFile) {
                $sourcerealname = $sourceserver.ComputerNetBiosName
                $destrealname = $destserver.ComputerNetBiosName

                if ($BackupFolder) {
                    if ($BackupFolder.StartsWith("\\") -eq $false -and $sourcerealname -ne $destrealname) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Backup folder must be a network share if the source and destination servers are not the same." -Continue
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($datadirectory) {
                if (-not (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $destserver -Path $datadirectory)) {
                    $serviceaccount = $destserver.ServiceAccount
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't access $datadirectory Please check if $serviceaccount has permissions." -Continue
                }
            } else {
                $datadirectory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths -SqlInstance $destserver -FileType mdf
            }

            if ($logdirectory) {
                if (-not (Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $destserver -Path $logdirectory)) {
                    $serviceaccount = $destserver.ServiceAccount
                    Stop-Function -Message "$Destination can't access its local directory $logdirectory. Please check if $serviceaccount has permissions." -Continue
                }
            } else {
                $logdirectory = Get-SqlDefaultPaths -SqlInstance $destserver -FileType ldf
            }

            if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName AzureCredential) -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName CopyFile)) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Cannot use copyfile with Azure backups, set to false." -continue
                $CopyFile = $false
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting recent backup history for $($db.Name) on $instance."

            if (Test-Bound "IgnoreLogBackup") {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping Log backups as requested."
                $lastbackup = @()
                $lastbackup += $full = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $sourceserver -Database $dbname -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly -LastFull -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                $diff = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $sourceserver -Database $dbname -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly -LastDiff -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
                if ($full.start -le $diff.start) {
                    $lastbackup += $diff
                }
            } else {
                $lastbackup = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $sourceserver -Database $dbname -IncludeCopyOnly:$IncludeCopyOnly -Last -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
            }

            if (-not $lastbackup) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No backups exist for this database."
                $lastbackup = @{
                    Path = "No backups exist for this database"
                }
                $fileexists = $false
                $success = $restoreresult = $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                continue
            }

            if ($CopyFile) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Gathering information for file copy."
                    $removearray = @()

                    foreach ($backup in $lastbackup) {
                        foreach ($file in $backup) {
                            $filename = Split-Path -Path $file.FullName -Leaf
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Processing $filename."

                            $sourcefile = Join-AdminUnc -servername $instance.ComputerName -filepath "$($file.Path)"

                            if ($instance.IsLocalHost) {
                                $remotedestdirectory = Join-AdminUnc -servername $instance.ComputerName -filepath $copyPath
                            } else {
                                $remotedestdirectory = $copyPath
                            }

                            $remotedestfile = "$remotedestdirectory\$filename"
                            $localdestfile = "$copyPath\$filename"
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Destination directory is $destdirectory."
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Destination filename is $remotedestfile."

                            try {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Copying $sourcefile to $remotedestfile."
                                Copy-Item -Path $sourcefile -Destination $remotedestfile -ErrorAction Stop
                                $backup.Path = $localdestfile
                                $backup.FullName = $localdestfile
                                $removearray += $remotedestfile
                            } catch {
                                $backup.Path = $sourcefile
                                $backup.FullName = $sourcefile
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    $copysuccess = $true
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to copy backups for $dbname on $instance to $destdirectory - $_."
                    $copysuccess = $false
                }
            }
            if (-not $copysuccess) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to copy backups."
                $lastbackup = @{
                    Path = "Failed to copy backups"
                }
                $fileexists = $false
                $success = $restoreresult = $dbccresult = "Skipped"
            } elseif (-not ($lastbackup | Where-Object {
                        $_.type -eq 'Full'
                    })) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No full backup returned from lastbackup."
                $lastbackup = @{
                    Path = "Not found"
                }
                $fileexists = $false
                $success = $restoreresult = $dbccresult = "Skipped"
            } elseif ($source -ne $destination -and $lastbackup[0].Path.StartsWith('\\') -eq $false -and -not $CopyFile) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Path not UNC and source does not match destination. Use -CopyFile to move the backup file."
                $fileexists = $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                $success = $restoreresult = "Restore not located on shared location"
            } elseif (($lastbackup[0].Path | ForEach-Object {
                        Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $destserver -Path $_
                    }) -eq $false) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server cannot find backup."
                $fileexists = $false
                $success = $restoreresult = $dbccresult = "Skipped"
            }
            if ($restoreresult -ne "Skipped" -or $lastbackup[0].Path -like 'http*') {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Looking good!"

                $fileexists = $true
                $ogdbname = $dbname
                $restorelist = Read-DbaBackupHeader -SqlInstance $destserver -Path $lastbackup[0].Path -AzureCredential $AzureCredential

                if ($MaxSize -and $MaxSize -lt $restorelist.BackupSize.Megabyte) {
                    $success = "The backup size for $dbname ($mb MB) exceeds the specified maximum size ($MaxSize MB)."
                    $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                } else {
                    $dbccElapsed = $restoreElapsed = $startRestore = $endRestore = $startDbcc = $endDbcc = $null

                    $dbname = "$prefix$dbname"
                    $destdb = $destserver.databases[$dbname]

                    if ($destdb) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "$dbname already exists on $destination - skipping." -Continue
                    }

                    if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Restoring $ogdbname as $dbname.")) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Performing restore."
                        $startRestore = Get-Date
                        if ($verifyonly) {
                            $restoreresult = $lastbackup | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destserver -RestoredDatabaseNamePrefix $prefix -DestinationFilePrefix $Prefix -DestinationDataDirectory $datadirectory -DestinationLogDirectory $logdirectory -VerifyOnly:$VerifyOnly -IgnoreLogBackup:$IgnoreLogBackup -AzureCredential $AzureCredential -TrustDbBackupHistory
                        } else {
                            $restoreresult = $lastbackup | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destserver -RestoredDatabaseNamePrefix $prefix -DestinationFilePrefix $Prefix -DestinationDataDirectory $datadirectory -DestinationLogDirectory $logdirectory -IgnoreLogBackup:$IgnoreLogBackup -AzureCredential $AzureCredential -TrustDbBackupHistory
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message " Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destserver -RestoredDatabaseNamePrefix $prefix -DestinationFilePrefix $Prefix -DestinationDataDirectory $datadirectory -DestinationLogDirectory $logdirectory -IgnoreLogBackup:$IgnoreLogBackup -AzureCredential $AzureCredential -TrustDbBackupHistory"

                        }

                        $endRestore = Get-Date
                        $restorets = New-TimeSpan -Start $startRestore -End $endRestore
                        $ts = [timespan]::fromseconds($restorets.TotalSeconds)
                        $restoreElapsed = "{0:HH:mm:ss}" -f ([datetime]$ts.Ticks)

                        if ($restoreresult.RestoreComplete -eq $true) {
                            $success = "Success"
                        } else {
                            $success = "Failure"
                        }
                    }

                    $destserver = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $destination -SqlCredential $DestinationCredential

                    if (-not $NoCheck -and -not $VerifyOnly) {
                        # shouldprocess is taken care of in Start-DbccCheck
                        if ($ogdbname -eq "master") {
                            $dbccresult = "DBCC CHECKDB skipped for restored master ($dbname) database."
                        } else {
                            if ($success -eq "Success") {
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Starting DBCC."

                                $startDbcc = Get-Date
                                $dbccresult = Start-DbccCheck -Server $destserver -DbName $dbname 3>$null
                                $endDbcc = Get-Date

                                $dbccts = New-TimeSpan -Start $startDbcc -End $endDbcc
                                $ts = [timespan]::fromseconds($dbccts.TotalSeconds)
                                $dbccElapsed = "{0:HH:mm:ss}" -f ([datetime]$ts.Ticks)
                            } else {
                                $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if ($VerifyOnly) {
                        $dbccresult = "Skipped"
                    }

                    if (-not $NoDrop -and $null -ne $destserver.databases[$dbname]) {
                        if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($dbname, "Dropping Database $dbname on $destination")) {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropping database."

                            ## Drop the database
                            try {
                                #Variable $removeresult marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer replace with $null to catch output
                                $null = Remove-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $destserver -Database $dbname -Confirm:$false
                                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dropped $dbname Database on $destination."
                            } catch {
                                $destserver.Databases.Refresh()
                                if ($destserver.databases[$dbname]) {
                                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to Drop database $dbname on $destination."
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    #Cleanup BackupFiles if -CopyFile and backup was moved to destination

                    $destserver.Databases.Refresh()
                    if ($destserver.Databases[$dbname] -and -not $NoDrop) {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$dbname was not dropped."
                    }
                }

                if ($CopyFile) {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing copied backup file from $destination."
                    try {
                        $removearray | Remove-item -ErrorAction Stop
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $_ -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("console", "Showing results")) {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    SourceServer   = $source
                    TestServer     = $destination
                    Database       = $db.name
                    FileExists     = $fileexists
                    Size           = [dbasize](($lastbackup.TotalSize | Measure-Object -Sum).Sum)
                    RestoreResult  = $success
                    DbccResult     = $dbccresult
                    RestoreStart   = [dbadatetime]$startRestore
                    RestoreEnd     = [dbadatetime]$endRestore
                    RestoreElapsed = $restoreElapsed
                    DbccStart      = [dbadatetime]$startDbcc
                    DbccEnd        = [dbadatetime]$endDbcc
                    DbccElapsed    = $dbccElapsed
                    BackupDates    = [String[]]($lastbackup.Start)
                    BackupFiles    = $lastbackup.FullName
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Test all linked servers from the sql servers passed

    .DESCRIPTION
        Test each linked server on the instance

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: LinkedServer
        Author: Thomas LaRock ( https://thomaslarock.com )

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection -SqlInstance DEV01

        Test all Linked Servers for the SQL Server instance DEV01

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection -SqlInstance sql2016 | Out-File C:\temp\results.txt

        Test all Linked Servers for the SQL Server instance sql2016 and output results to file

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection -SqlInstance sql2016, sql2014, sql2012

        Test all Linked Servers for the SQL Server instances sql2016, sql2014 and sql2012

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers = "sql2016","sql2014","sql2012"
        PS C:\> $servers | Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection -SqlCredential sqladmin

        Test all Linked Servers for the SQL Server instances sql2016, sql2014 and sql2012 using SQL login credentials

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaLinkedServer | Test-DbaLinkedServerConnection

        Test all Linked Servers for the SQL Server instances sql2016, sql2014 and sql2012

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            if ($instance.LinkedLive) {
                $linkedServerCollection = $instance.LinkedServer
            } else {
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }
            }

            $linkedServerCollection = $server.LinkedServers

            foreach ($ls in $linkedServerCollection) {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing linked server $($ls.name) on server $($ls.parent.name)"
                try {
                    $null = $ls.TestConnection()
                    $result = "Success"
                    $connectivity = $true
                } catch {
                    $result = $_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.Message
                    $connectivity = $false
                }

                New-Object Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Validation.LinkedServerResult($ls.parent.ComputerName, $ls.parent.ServiceName, $ls.parent.DomainInstanceName, $ls.Name, $ls.DataSource, $connectivity, $result)
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaLoginPassword {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Test-DbaLoginPassword finds any logins on SQL instance that are SQL Logins and have a password that is either null or same as the login

    .DESCRIPTION
        The purpose of this function is to find SQL Server logins that have no password or the same password as login. You can add your own password to check for or add them to a csv file.
        By default it will test for empty password and the same password as username.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance you're checking logins on. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins instead of Windows Authentication (AKA Integrated or Trusted). To use:

        $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SqlCredential parameter.

        Windows Authentication will be used if SqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials.

        To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user.

    .PARAMETER Dictionary
        Specifies a list of passwords to include in the test for weak passwords.

    .PARAMETER Login
        The login(s) to process.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Allows piping from Get-DbaLogin.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Login, Security
        Author: Peter Samuelsson

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaLoginPassword

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaLoginPassword -SqlInstance Dev01

        Test all SQL logins that the password is null or same as username on SQL server instance Dev01

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaLoginPassword -SqlInstance Dev01 -Login sqladmin

        Test the 'sqladmin' SQL login that the password is null or same as username on SQL server instance Dev01

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaLoginPassword -SqlInstance Dev01 -Dictionary Test1,test2

        Test all SQL logins that the password is null, same as username or Test1,Test2 on SQL server instance Dev0

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance "sql2017","sql2016" | Test-DbaLoginPassword

        Test all logins on sql2017 and sql2016

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $servers | Get-DbaLogin | Out-GridView -PassThru | Test-DbaLoginPassword

        Test selected logins on all servers in the $servers variable

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [String[]]$Login,
        [String[]]$Dictionary,
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login[]]$InputObject,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $CheckPasses = "''", "'@@Name'"
        if ($Dictionary) {
            $Dictionary | ForEach-Object { $CheckPasses += "'" + $psitem + "'" }
        }

        foreach ($CheckPass in $CheckPasses) {
            if ($CheckPasses.IndexOf($CheckPass) -eq 0) {
                $checks = "SELECT " + $CheckPass
            } else {
                $checks += "
        UNION SELECT " + $CheckPass
            }
        }

        $sql = "DECLARE @WeakPwdList TABLE(WeakPwd NVARCHAR(255))
            --Define weak password list
            --Use @@Name if users password contain their name
            INSERT INTO @WeakPwdList(WeakPwd)
            $checks

            SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS [ComputerName],
                ISNULL(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName'), 'MSSQLSERVER') AS InstanceName,
                SERVERPROPERTY('ServerName') AS [SqlInstance],
                SysLogins.name as SqlLogin,
                WeakPassword = 'True',
                REPLACE(WeakPassword.WeakPwd,'@@Name',SysLogins.name) As [Password],
                SysLogins.is_disabled as Disabled,
                SysLogins.create_date as CreatedDate,
                SysLogins.modify_date as ModifiedDate,
                SysLogins.default_database_name as DefaultDatabase
            FROM sys.sql_logins SysLogins
            INNER JOIN @WeakPwdList WeakPassword ON (PWDCOMPARE(WeakPassword.WeakPwd, password_hash) = 1
                OR PWDCOMPARE(REPLACE(WeakPassword.WeakPwd,'@@Name',SysLogins.name),password_hash) = 1)"
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 10
                Write-Message -Message "Connected to: $instance." -Level Verbose
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $InputObject += Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance $server -Login $Login
        }

        $logins += $InputObject
    }
    end {
        $servers = $logins | Select-Object -Unique -ExpandProperty Parent
        $names = $logins | Select-Object -Unique -ExpandProperty Name

        foreach ($serverinstance in $servers) {
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Executing $sql"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing: same username as Password"
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Testing: the following Passwords $CheckPasses"
            try {
                $serverinstance.Query("$sql") | Where-Object SqlLogin -in $names
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $serverinstance -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaManagementObject {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Tests to see if the SMO version specified exists on the computer.

    .DESCRIPTION
        The Test-DbaManagementObject returns True if the Version is on the computer, and False if it does not exist.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The name of the target you would like to check

    .PARAMETER Credential
        This command uses Windows credentials. This parameter allows you to connect remotely as a different user.

    .PARAMETER VersionNumber
        This is the specific version number you are looking for and the return will be True.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SMO
        Author: Ben Miller (@DBAduck), http://dbaduck.com

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaManagementObject

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaManagementObject -VersionNumber 13

        Returns True if the version exists, if it does not exist it will return False

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [int[]]$VersionNumber,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $scriptblock = {
            foreach ($number in $args) {
                $smoList = (Get-ChildItem -Path "$($env:SystemRoot)\assembly\GAC_MSIL\Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo" -Filter "$number.*" | Sort-Object Name -Descending).Name

                if ($smoList) {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        Version      = $number
                        Exists       = $true
                    }
                } else {
                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
                        Version      = $number
                        Exists       = $false
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
            try {
                Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $VersionNumber -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Continue -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-DbaSqlManagementObject
    }
}
function Test-DbaMaxDop {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays information relating to SQL Server Max Degree of Parallelism setting. Works on SQL Server 2005-2016.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Inspired by Sakthivel Chidambaram's post about SQL Server MAXDOP Calculator (https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlsakthi/p/maxdop-calculator-SqlInstance/),
        this script displays a SQL Server's: max dop configured, and the calculated recommendation.

        For SQL Server 2016 shows:
        - Instance max dop configured and the calculated recommendation
        - max dop configured per database (new feature)

        More info:
        https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2806535
        https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlsakthi/2012/05/23/wow-we-have-maxdop-calculator-for-sql-server-it-makes-my-job-easier/

        These are just general recommendations for SQL Server and are a good starting point for setting the "max degree of parallelism" option.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: MaxDop, SpConfigure
        Author: Claudio Silva (@claudioessilva)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaMaxDop

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Get Max DOP setting for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012 and also the recommended one.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sql2014 | Select-Object *

        Shows Max DOP setting for server sql2014 with the recommended value. Piping the output to Select-Object * will also show the 'NumaNodes' and 'NumberOfCores' of each instance

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaMaxDop -SqlInstance sqlserver2016 | Select-Object *

        Get Max DOP setting for servers sql2016 with the recommended value. Piping the output to Select-Object * will also show the 'NumaNodes' and 'NumberOfCores' of each instance. Because it is an 2016 instance will be shown 'InstanceVersion', 'Database' and 'DatabaseMaxDop' columns.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Collections.ArrayList])]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed

        $notesDopLT = "Before changing MaxDop, consider that the lower value may have been intentionally set."
        $notesDopGT = "Before changing MaxDop, consider that the higher value may have been intentionally set."
        $notesDopZero = "This is the default setting. Consider using the recommended value instead."
        $notesDopOne = "Some applications like SharePoint, Dynamics NAV, SAP, BizTalk has the need to use MAXDOP = 1. Please confirm that your instance is not supporting one of these applications prior to changing the MaxDop."
        $notesAsRecommended = "Configuration is as recommended."
    }

    process {
        #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
        #$hasScopedConfig = $false

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            #Get current configured value
            $maxDop = $server.Configuration.MaxDegreeOfParallelism.ConfigValue

            try {
                #represents the Number of NUMA nodes
                $sql = "SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT memory_node_id) AS NUMA_Nodes FROM sys.dm_os_memory_clerks WHERE memory_node_id!=64"
                $NumaNodes = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to get Numa node count." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            try {
                #represents the Number of Processor Cores
                $sql = "SELECT COUNT(scheduler_id) FROM sys.dm_os_schedulers WHERE status = 'VISIBLE ONLINE'"
                $numberOfCores = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql)
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to get number of cores." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
            }

            #Calculate Recommended Max Dop to instance
            #Server with single NUMA node
            if ($NumaNodes -eq 1) {
                if ($numberOfCores -lt 8) {
                    #Less than 8 logical processors - Keep MAXDOP at or below # of logical processors
                    $recommendedMaxDop = $numberOfCores
                } else {
                    #Equal or greater than 8 logical processors - Keep MAXDOP at 8
                    $recommendedMaxDop = 8
                }
            } else {
                #Server with multiple NUMA nodes
                if (($numberOfCores / $NumaNodes) -lt 8) {
                    # Less than 8 logical processors per NUMA node - Keep MAXDOP at or below # of logical processors per NUMA node
                    $recommendedMaxDop = [int]($numberOfCores / $NumaNodes)
                } else {
                    # Greater than 8 logical processors per NUMA node - Keep MAXDOP at 8
                    $recommendedMaxDop = 8
                }
            }

            #Setting notes for instance max dop value
            $notes = $null
            if ($maxDop -eq 1) {
                $notes = $notesDopOne
            } else {
                if ($maxDop -ne 0 -and $maxDop -lt $recommendedMaxDop) {
                    $notes = $notesDopLT
                } else {
                    if ($maxDop -ne 0 -and $maxDop -gt $recommendedMaxDop) {
                        $notes = $notesDopGT
                    } else {
                        if ($maxDop -eq 0) {
                            $notes = $notesDopZero
                        } else {
                            $notes = $notesAsRecommended
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName          = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName          = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance           = $server.DomainInstanceName
                InstanceVersion       = $server.Version
                Database              = "N/A"
                DatabaseMaxDop        = "N/A"
                CurrentInstanceMaxDop = $maxDop
                RecommendedMaxDop     = $recommendedMaxDop
                NumaNodes             = $NumaNodes
                NumberOfCores         = $numberOfCores
                Notes                 = $notes
            } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, DatabaseMaxDop, CurrentInstanceMaxDop, RecommendedMaxDop, Notes

            # On SQL Server 2016 and higher, MaxDop can be set on a per-database level
            if ($server.VersionMajor -ge 13) {
                #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer
                #$hasScopedConfig = $true
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "SQL Server 2016 or higher detected, checking each database's MaxDop."

                $databases = $server.Databases | where-object {$_.IsSystemObject -eq $false}

                foreach ($database in $databases) {
                    if ($database.IsAccessible -eq $false) {
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Database $database is not accessible."
                        continue
                    }
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking database '$($database.Name)'."

                    $dbmaxdop = $database.MaxDop

                    [pscustomobject]@{
                        ComputerName          = $server.ComputerName
                        InstanceName          = $server.ServiceName
                        SqlInstance           = $server.DomainInstanceName
                        InstanceVersion       = $server.Version
                        Database              = $database.Name
                        DatabaseMaxDop        = $dbmaxdop
                        CurrentInstanceMaxDop = $maxDop
                        RecommendedMaxDop     = $recommendedMaxDop
                        NumaNodes             = $NumaNodes
                        NumberOfCores         = $numberOfCores
                        Notes                 = if ($dbmaxdop -eq 0) { "Will use CurrentInstanceMaxDop value" } else { "$notes" }
                    }  | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, DatabaseMaxDop, CurrentInstanceMaxDop, RecommendedMaxDop, Notes
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Test-DbaMaxMemory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Calculates the recommended value for SQL Server 'Max Server Memory' configuration setting. Works on SQL Server 2000-2014.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Inspired by Jonathan Kehayias's post about SQL Server Max memory (http://bit.ly/sqlmemcalc), this script displays a SQL Server's: total memory, currently configured SQL max memory, and the calculated recommendation.

        Jonathan notes that the formula used provides a *general recommendation* that doesn't account for everything that may be going on in your specific environment.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Windows or Sql Login Credential with permission to log into the SQL instance

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Windows Credential with permission to log on to the server running the SQL instance

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: MaxMemory, Memory
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaMaxMemory

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance sqlcluster,sqlserver2012

        Calculate the 'Max Server Memory' for SQL Server instances sqlcluster and sqlserver2012

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlcluster | Test-DbaMaxMemory

        Calculate the 'Max Server Memory' settings for all servers within the SQL Server Central Management Server "sqlcluster"

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlcluster | Test-DbaMaxMemory | Where-Object { $_.MaxValue -gt $_.Total } | Set-DbaMaxMemory

        Find all servers in CMS that have Max SQL memory set to higher than the total memory of the server (think 2147483647) and set it to recommended value.

       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Processing $instance" -Target $instance

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Target $instance -Message "Retrieving maximum memory statistics from $instance"
            $serverMemory = Get-DbaMaxMemory -SqlInstance $server
            try {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Target $instance -Message "Retrieving number of instances from $($instance.ComputerName)"
                if ($Credential) {
                    $serverService = Get-DbaService -ComputerName $instance -Credential $Credential -EnableException
                } else {
                    $serverService = Get-DbaService -ComputerName $instance -EnableException
                }
                $instanceCount = ($serverService | Where-Object State -Like Running | Where-Object InstanceName | Group-Object InstanceName | Measure-Object Count).Count
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Couldn't get accurate SQL Server instance count on $instance. Defaulting to 1." -Target $instance -ErrorRecord $_
                $instanceCount = 1
            }

            if ($null -eq $serverMemory) {
                continue
            }
            $reserve = 1

            $maxMemory = $serverMemory.MaxValue
            $totalMemory = $serverMemory.Total

            if ($totalMemory -ge 4096) {
                $currentCount = $totalMemory
                while ($currentCount / 4096 -gt 0) {
                    if ($currentCount -gt 16384) {
                        $reserve += 1
                        $currentCount += -8192
                    } else {
                        $reserve += 1
                        $currentCount += -4096
                    }
                }
                $recommendedMax = [int]($totalMemory - ($reserve * 1024))
            } else {
                $recommendedMax = $totalMemory * .5
            }

            $recommendedMax = $recommendedMax / $instanceCount

            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                InstanceCount    = $instanceCount
                Total            = [int]$totalMemory
                MaxValue         = [int]$maxMemory
                RecommendedValue = [int]$recommendedMax
                Server           = $server # This will allowing piping a non-connected object
            } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, InstanceCount, Total, MaxValue, RecommendedValue
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaMigrationConstraint {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Show if you can migrate the database(s) between the servers.

    .DESCRIPTION
        When you want to migrate from a higher edition to a lower one there are some features that can't be used.
        This function will validate if you have any of this features in use and will report to you.
        The validation will be made ONLY on on SQL Server 2008 or higher using the 'sys.dm_db_persisted_sku_features' dmv.

        This function only validate SQL Server 2008 versions or higher.
        The editions supported by this function are:
        - Enterprise
        - Developer
        - Evaluation
        - Standard
        - Express

        Take into account the new features introduced on SQL Server 2016 SP1 for all versions. More information at https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlreleaseservices/sql-server-2016-service-pack-1-sp1-released/

        The -Database parameter is auto-populated for command-line completion.

    .PARAMETER Source
        Source SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Destination
        Destination SQL Server. You must have sysadmin access and the server must be SQL Server 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase
        The database(s) to exclude. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Migration
        Author: Claudio Silva (@ClaudioESSilva)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaMigrationConstraint

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaMigrationConstraint -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster

        All databases on sqlserver2014a will be verified for features in use that can't be supported on sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaMigrationConstraint -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -SourceSqlCredential $cred

        All databases will be verified for features in use that can't be supported on the destination server. SQL credentials are used to authenticate against sqlserver2014a and Windows Authentication is used for sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaMigrationConstraint -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -Database db1

        Only db1 database will be verified for features in use that can't be supported on the destination server.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "DbMigration")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstance]$Source,
        [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential,
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [DbaInstance]$Destination,
        [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential,
        [Alias("Databases")]
        [object[]]$Database,
        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        <#
            1804890536 = Enterprise
            1872460670 = Enterprise Edition: Core-based Licensing
            610778273 = Enterprise Evaluation
            284895786 = Business Intelligence
            -2117995310 = Developer
            -1592396055 = Express
            -133711905= Express with Advanced Services
            -1534726760 = Standard
            1293598313 = Web
            1674378470 = SQL Database
        #>

        $editions = @{
            "Enterprise" = 10;
            "Developer"  = 10;
            "Evaluation" = 10;
            "Standard"   = 5;
            "Express"    = 1
        }
        $notesCanMigrate = "Database can be migrated."
        $notesCannotMigrate = "Database cannot be migrated."
    }
    process {
        try {
            $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Source -Continue
        }

        try {
            $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $Destination -Continue
        }

        if (-Not $Database) {
            $Database = $sourceServer.Databases | Where-Object IsSystemObject -eq 0 | Select-Object Name, Status
        }

        if ($ExcludeDatabase) {
            $Database = $sourceServer.Databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase
        }

        if ($Database.Count -gt 0) {
            if ($Database -in @("master", "msdb", "tempdb")) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Migrating system databases is not currently supported."
                return
            }

            if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 9 -and $destServer.VersionMajor -gt 10) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Sql Server 2000 databases cannot be migrated to SQL Server version 2012 and above. Quitting."
                return
            }

            if ($sourceServer.Collation -ne $destServer.Collation) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Collation on $Source, $($sourceServer.collation) differs from the $Destination, $($destServer.collation)."
            }

            if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -gt $destServer.VersionMajor) {
                #indicate they must use 'Generate Scripts' and 'Export Data' options?
                Stop-Function -Message "You can't migrate databases from a higher version to a lower one. Quitting."
                return
            }

            if ($sourceServer.VersionMajor -lt 10) {
                Stop-Function -Message "This function does not support versions lower than SQL Server 2008 (v10)"
                return
            }

            #if editions differs, from higher to lower one, verify the sys.dm_db_persisted_sku_features - only available from SQL 2008 +
            if (($sourceServer.VersionMajor -ge 10 -and $destServer.VersionMajor -ge 10)) {
                foreach ($db in $Database) {
                    if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($db.Status)) {
                        $dbstatus = ($sourceServer.Databases | Where-Object Name -eq $db).Status.ToString()
                        $dbName = $db
                    } else {
                        $dbstatus = $db.Status.ToString()
                        $dbName = $db.Name
                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking database '$dbName'."

                    if ($dbstatus.Contains("Offline") -eq $false -or $db.IsAccessible -eq $true) {

                        [long]$destVersionNumber = $($destServer.VersionString).Replace(".", "")
                        [string]$sourceVersion = "$($sourceServer.Edition) $($sourceServer.ProductLevel) ($($sourceServer.Version))"
                        [string]$destVersion = "$($destServer.Edition) $($destServer.ProductLevel) ($($destServer.Version))"
                        [string]$dbFeatures = ""

                        #Check if database has any FILESTREAM filegroup
                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking if FileStream is in use for database '$dbName'."
                        if ($sourceServer.Databases[$dbName].FileGroups | Where-Object FileGroupType -eq 'FileStreamDataFileGroup') {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Found FileStream filegroup and files."
                            $fileStreamSource = Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $sourceServer -ConfigName FilestreamAccessLevel
                            $fileStreamDestination = Get-DbaSpConfigure -SqlInstance $destServer -ConfigName FilestreamAccessLevel

                            if ($fileStreamSource.RunningValue -ne $fileStreamDestination.RunningValue) {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    SourceInstance      = $sourceServer.Name
                                    DestinationInstance = $destServer.Name
                                    SourceVersion       = $sourceVersion
                                    DestinationVersion  = $destVersion
                                    Database            = $dbName
                                    FeaturesInUse       = $dbFeatures
                                    IsMigratable        = $false
                                    Notes               = "$notesCannotMigrate. Destination server dones not have the 'FilestreamAccessLevel' configuration (RunningValue: $($fileStreamDestination.RunningValue)) equal to source server (RunningValue: $($fileStreamSource.RunningValue))."
                                }
                                Continue
                            }
                        }

                        try {
                            $sql = "SELECT feature_name FROM sys.dm_db_persisted_sku_features"

                            $skuFeatures = $sourceServer.Query($sql, $dbName)

                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking features in use..."

                            if (@($skuFeatures).Count -gt 0) {
                                foreach ($row in $skuFeatures) {
                                    $dbFeatures += ",$($row["feature_name"])"
                                }

                                $dbFeatures = $dbFeatures.TrimStart(",")
                            }
                        } catch {
                            Stop-Function -Message "Issue collecting sku features." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sourceServer -Continue
                        }

                        #If SQL Server 2016 SP1 (13.0.4001.0) or higher
                        if ($destVersionNumber -ge 13040010) {
                            <#
                                Need to verify if Edition = EXPRESS and database uses 'Change Data Capture' (CDC)
                                This means that database cannot be migrated because Express edition doesn't have SQL Server Agent
                            #>
                            if ($editions.Item($destServer.Edition.ToString().Split(" ")[0]) -eq 1 -and $dbFeatures.Contains("ChangeCapture")) {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    SourceInstance      = $sourceServer.Name
                                    DestinationInstance = $destServer.Name
                                    SourceVersion       = $sourceVersion
                                    DestinationVersion  = $destVersion
                                    Database            = $dbName
                                    FeaturesInUse       = $dbFeatures
                                    IsMigratable        = $false
                                    Notes               = "$notesCannotMigrate. Destination server edition is EXPRESS which does not support 'ChangeCapture' feature that is in use."
                                }
                            } else {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    SourceInstance      = $sourceServer.Name
                                    DestinationInstance = $destServer.Name
                                    SourceVersion       = $sourceVersion
                                    DestinationVersion  = $destVersion
                                    Database            = $dbName
                                    FeaturesInUse       = $dbFeatures
                                    IsMigratable        = $true
                                    Notes               = $notesCanMigrate
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        #Version is lower than SQL Server 2016 SP1
                        else {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Source Server Edition: $($sourceServer.Edition) (Weight: $($editions.Item($sourceServer.Edition.ToString().Split(" ")[0])))"
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Destination Server Edition: $($destServer.Edition) (Weight: $($editions.Item($destServer.Edition.ToString().Split(" ")[0])))"

                            #Check for editions. If destination edition is lower than source edition and exists features in use
                            if (($editions.Item($destServer.Edition.ToString().Split(" ")[0]) -lt $editions.Item($sourceServer.Edition.ToString().Split(" ")[0])) -and (!([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($dbFeatures)))) {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    SourceInstance      = $sourceServer.Name
                                    DestinationInstance = $destServer.Name
                                    SourceVersion       = $sourceVersion
                                    DestinationVersion  = $destVersion
                                    Database            = $dbName
                                    FeaturesInUse       = $dbFeatures
                                    IsMigratable        = $false
                                    Notes               = "$notesCannotMigrate There are features in use not available on destination instance."
                                }
                            }
                            #
                            else {
                                [pscustomobject]@{
                                    SourceInstance      = $sourceServer.Name
                                    DestinationInstance = $destServer.Name
                                    SourceVersion       = $sourceVersion
                                    DestinationVersion  = $destVersion
                                    Database            = $dbName
                                    FeaturesInUse       = $dbFeatures
                                    IsMigratable        = $true
                                    Notes               = $notesCanMigrate
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database '$dbName' is offline or not accessible. Bring database online and re-run the command."
                    }
                }
            } else {
                #SQL Server 2005 or under
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This validation will not be made on versions lower than SQL Server 2008 (v10)."
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Source server version: $($sourceServer.VersionMajor)."
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Destination server version: $($destServer.VersionMajor)."
            }
        } else {
            Write-Message -Level Output -Message "There are no databases to validate."
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-SqlMigrationConstraint
    }
}
function Test-DbaNetworkLatency {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Tests how long a query takes to return from SQL Server

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function is intended to help measure SQL Server network latency by establishing a connection and executing a simple query. This is a better than a simple ping because it actually creates the connection to the SQL Server and measures the time required for only the entire routine, but the duration of the query as well how long it takes for the results to be returned.

        By default, this command will execute "SELECT TOP 100 * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES" three times. It will then output how long the entire connection and command took, as well as how long *only* the execution of the command took.

        This allows you to see if the issue is with the connection or the SQL Server itself.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server you want to run the test on.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Query
        Specifies the query to be executed. By default, "SELECT TOP 100 * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES" will be executed on master. To execute in other databases, use fully qualified object names.

    .PARAMETER Count
        Specifies how many times the query should be executed. By default, the query is executed three times.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Performance, Network
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaNetworkLatency

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaNetworkLatency -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sqlcluster

        Tests the round trip return of "SELECT TOP 100 * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES" on sqlserver2014a and sqlcluster using Windows credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaNetworkLatency -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -SqlCredential $cred

        Tests the execution results return of "SELECT TOP 100 * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES" on sqlserver2014a using SQL credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaNetworkLatency -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sqlcluster, sqlserver -Query "select top 10 * from otherdb.dbo.table" -Count 10

        Tests the execution results return of "select top 10 * from otherdb.dbo.table" 10 times on sqlserver2014a, sqlcluster, and sqlserver using Windows credentials.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Object[]])]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Query = "select top 100 * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES",
        [int]$Count = 3,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $start = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
                $currentCount = 0
                try {
                    $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
                }

                do {
                    if (++$currentCount -eq 1) {
                        $first = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
                    }
                    $null = $server.Query($query)
                    if ($currentCount -eq $count) {
                        $last = $first.Elapsed
                    }
                }
                while ($currentCount -lt $count)

                $end = $start.Elapsed
                $totalTime = $end.TotalMilliseconds
                $average = $totalTime / $count

                $totalWarm = $last.TotalMilliseconds
                if ($Count -eq 1) {
                    $averageWarm = $totalWarm
                } else {
                    $averageWarm = $totalWarm / $count
                }

                [PSCustomObject]@{
                    ComputerName     = $server.ComputerName
                    InstanceName     = $server.ServiceName
                    SqlInstance      = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Count            = $count
                    Total            = [prettytimespan]::FromMilliseconds($totalTime)
                    Avg              = [prettytimespan]::FromMilliseconds($average)
                    ExecuteOnlyTotal = [prettytimespan]::FromMilliseconds($totalWarm)
                    ExecuteOnlyAvg   = [prettytimespan]::FromMilliseconds($averageWarm)
                    NetworkOnlyTotal = [prettytimespan]::FromMilliseconds($totalTime - $totalWarm)
                } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, 'Count as ExecutionCount', Total, 'Avg as Average', ExecuteOnlyTotal, 'ExecuteOnlyAvg as ExecuteOnlyAverage', NetworkOnlyTotal #backwards compat
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Error occurred testing dba network latency: $_" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue -Target $instance
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-SqlNetworkLatency
    }
}
function Test-DbaOptimizeForAdHoc {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays information relating to SQL Server Optimize for AdHoc Workloads setting.  Works on SQL Server 2008-2016.

    .DESCRIPTION
        When this option is set, plan cache size is further reduced for single-use ad hoc OLTP workload.

        More info: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645587.aspx
        http://www.sqlservercentral.com/blogs/glennberry/2011/02/25/some-suggested-sql-server-2008-r2-instance-configuration-settings/

        These are just general recommendations for SQL Server and are a good starting point for setting the "optimize for ad-hoc workloads" option.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        A collection of one or more SQL Server instance names to query.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Configure, SPConfigure
        Author: Brandon Abshire, netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaOptimizeForAdHoc

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaOptimizeForAdHoc -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Validates whether Optimize for AdHoc Workloads setting is enabled for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        $notesAdHocZero = "Recommended configuration is 1 (enabled)."
        $notesAsRecommended = "Configuration is already set as recommended."
        $recommendedValue = 1
    }
    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 10
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            #Get current configured value
            $optimizeAdHoc = $server.Configuration.OptimizeAdhocWorkloads.ConfigValue

            #Setting notes for optimize adhoc value
            if ($optimizeAdHoc -eq $recommendedValue) {
                $notes = $notesAsRecommended
            } else {
                $notes = $notesAdHocZero
            }

            [pscustomobject]@{
                ComputerName             = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName             = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance              = $server.DomainInstanceName
                CurrentOptimizeAdHoc     = $optimizeAdHoc
                RecommendedOptimizeAdHoc = $recommendedValue
                Notes                    = $notes
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Test-DbaPath {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Tests if file or directory exists from the perspective of the SQL Server service account.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Uses master.dbo.xp_fileexist to determine if a file or directory exists.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server you want to run the test on.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Path
        The Path to test. This can be a file or directory

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Path, ServiceAccount
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaPath

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Path L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP

        Tests whether the service account running the "sqlcluster" SQL Server instance can access L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP. Logs into sqlcluster using Windows credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $credential = Get-Credential
        PS C:\> Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance sqlcluster -SqlCredential $credential -Path L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP

        Tests whether the service account running the "sqlcluster" SQL Server instance can access L:\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVER\OLAP. Logs into sqlcluster using SQL authentication.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [object]$Path,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }
            $counter = [pscustomobject] @{ Value = 0 }
            $groupSize = 100
            $RawPath = $Path
            $Path = [string[]]$Path
            $groups = $Path | Group-Object -Property { [math]::Floor($counter.Value++ / $groupSize) }
            foreach ($g in $groups) {
                $PathsBatch = $g.Group
                $query = @()
                foreach ($p in $PathsBatch) {
                    $query += "EXEC master.dbo.xp_fileexist '$p'"
                }
                $sql = $query -join ';'
                $batchresult = $server.ConnectionContext.ExecuteWithResults($sql)
                if ($Path.Count -eq 1 -and $SqlInstance.Count -eq 1 -and (-not($RawPath -is [array]))) {
                    if ($batchresult.Tables.rows[0] -eq $true -or $batchresult.Tables.rows[1] -eq $true) {
                        return $true
                    } else {
                        return $false
                    }
                } else {
                    $i = 0
                    foreach ($r in $batchresult.tables.rows) {
                        $DoesPass = $r[0] -eq $true -or $r[1] -eq $true
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            SqlInstance  = $server.Name
                            InstanceName = $server.ServiceName
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            FilePath     = $PathsBatch[$i]
                            FileExists   = $DoesPass
                            IsContainer  = $r[1] -eq $true
                        }
                        $i += 1
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-SqlPath
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-DbaSqlPath
    }
}
function Test-DbaPowerPlan {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Checks the Power Plan settings for compliance with best practices, which recommend High Performance for SQL Server.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Checks the Power Plan settings on a computer against best practices recommendations. If one server is checked, only $true or $false is returned. If multiple servers are checked, each server's name and an isBestPractice field are returned.

        References:
        https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2207548
        http://www.sqlskills.com/blogs/glenn/windows-power-plan-effects-on-newer-intel-processors/

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The server(s) to check Power Plan settings on.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Specifies a PSCredential object to use in authenticating to the server(s), instead of the current user account.

    .PARAMETER CustomPowerPlan
        If your organization uses a custom power plan that's considered best practice, specify it here.

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Enables piping from Get-DbaPowerPlan

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: PowerPlan
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaPowerPlan

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName sqlserver2014a

        Checks the Power Plan settings for sqlserver2014a and indicates whether or not it complies with best practices.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName sqlserver2014a -CustomPowerPlan 'Maximum Performance'

        Checks the Power Plan settings for sqlserver2014a and indicates whether or not it is set to the custom plan "Maximum Performance".

       #>
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [string]$CustomPowerPlan,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]
        [pscustomobject]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed

        $bpPowerPlan = [PSCustomObject]@{
            InstanceID  = '8c5e7fda-e8bf-4a96-9a85-a6e23a8c635c'
            ElementName = $null
        }
    }

    process {
        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName ComputerName) {
            $InputObject += Get-DbaPowerPlan -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential
        }

        foreach ($powerPlan in $InputObject) {
            $computer = $powerPlan.ComputerName
            $Credential = $powerPlan.Credential

            $server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential

            $computerResolved = $server.FullComputerName

            if (-not $computerResolved) {
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't resolve hostname. Skipping." -Continue
            }

            $splatDbaCmObject = @{
                ComputerName    = $computerResolved
                EnableException = $true
            }

            if (Test-Bound "Credential") {
                $splatDbaCmObject["Credential"] = $Credential
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting Power Plan information from $computer."

            try {
                $powerPlans = Get-DbaCmObject @splatDbaCmObject -ClassName Win32_PowerPlan -Namespace "root\cimv2\power" | Select-Object ElementName, InstanceId, IsActive
            } catch {
                if ($_.Exception -match "namespace") {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't get Power Plan Info for $computer. Unsupported operating system." -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Can't get Power Plan Info for $computer. Check logs for more details." -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer
                }
            }

            $powerPlan = $powerPlans | Where-Object IsActive -eq 'True' | Select-Object ElementName, InstanceID
            $powerPlan.InstanceID = $powerPlan.InstanceID.Split('{')[1].Split('}')[0]

            if ($null -eq $powerPlan.InstanceID) {
                $powerPlan.ElementName = "Unknown"
            }
            if ($CustomPowerPlan) {
                $bpPowerPlan.ElementName = $CustomPowerPlan
                $bpPowerPlan.InstanceID = $($powerPlans | Where-Object {
                        $_.ElementName -eq $CustomPowerPlan
                    }).InstanceID
            } else {
                $bpPowerPlan.ElementName = $($powerPlans | Where-Object {
                        $_.InstanceID.Split('{')[1].Split('}')[0] -eq $bpPowerPlan.InstanceID
                    }).ElementName
                if ($null -eq $bpPowerplan.ElementName) {
                    $bpPowerPlan.ElementName = "You do not have the high performance plan installed on this machine."
                }
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Recommended GUID is $($bpPowerPlan.InstanceID) and you have $($powerPlan.InstanceID)."

            if ($null -eq $powerPlan.InstanceID) {
                $powerPlan.ElementName = "Unknown"
            }

            if ($powerPlan.InstanceID -eq $bpPowerPlan.InstanceID) {
                $isBestPractice = $true
            } else {
                $isBestPractice = $false
            }

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName         = $computer
                ActivePowerPlan      = $powerPlan.ElementName
                RecommendedPowerPlan = $bpPowerPlan.ElementName
                isBestPractice       = $isBestPractice
                Credential           = $Credential
            } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Credential
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaRepLatency {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Displays replication latency for all transactional publications for a server or database.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Creates tracer tokens to determine latency between the publisher/distributor and the distributor/subscriber
        for all transactional publications for a server, database, or publication.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database(s) to process. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER PublicationName
        The publication(s) to process. If unspecified, all publications will be processed.

    .PARAMETER TimeToLive
        How long, in seconds, to wait for a tracer token to complete its journey from the publisher to the subscriber.
        If unspecified, all tracer tokens will take as long as they need to process results.

    .PARAMETER RetainToken
        Retains the tracer tokens created for each publication. If unspecified, all tracer tokens created will be discarded.

    .PARAMETER DisplayTokenHistory
        Displays all tracer tokens in each publication. If unspecified, the current tracer token created will be only token displayed.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Replication
        Author: Colin Douglas

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaRepLatency

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaRepLatency -SqlInstance sql2008, sqlserver2012

        Return replication latency for all transactional publications for servers sql2008 and sqlserver2012.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaRepLatency -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB

        Return replication latency for all transactional publications on server sql2008 for only the TestDB database

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaRepLatency -SqlInstance sql2008 -Database TestDB -PublicationName TestDB_Pub

        Return replication latency for the TestDB_Pub publication for the TestDB database located on the server sql2008.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]] $SqlInstance, #Publisher
        [object[]]$Database,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$PublicationName,
        [int]$TimeToLive,
        [switch]$RetainToken,
        [switch]$DisplayTokenHistory,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {


            # Connect to the publisher
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            $publicationNames = Get-DbaRepPublication -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -SqlCredential $SqlCredentials -PublicationType "Transactional"

            if ($PublicationName) {
                $publicationNames = $publicationNames | Where-Object PublicationName -in $PublicationName
            }


            foreach ($publication in $publicationNames) {

                # Create an instance of TransPublication
                $transPub = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Replication.TransPublication

                $transPub.Name = $publication.PublicationName
                $transPub.DatabaseName = $publication.Database

                # Set the Name and DatabaseName properties for the publication, and set the ConnectionContext property to the connection created in step 1.
                $transPub.ConnectionContext = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject

                # Call the LoadProperties method to get the properties of the object. If this method returns false, either the publication properties in Step 3 were defined incorrectly or the publication does not exist.
                if (!$transPub.LoadProperties()) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "LoadProperties() failed. The publication does not exist." -Continue
                }

                # Call the PostTracerToken method. This method inserts a tracer token into the publication's Transaction log.
                $transPub.PostTracerToken() | Out-Null
            }

            ##################################################################################
            ### Determine Latency and validate connections for a transactional publication ###
`           ##################################################################################

            $repServer = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Replication.ReplicationServer

            # Set the Name and DatabaseName properties for the Replication Server, and set the ConnectionContext property to the connection created in step 1.
            $repServer.ConnectionContext = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject

            $distributionServer = $repServer.DistributionServer
            $distributionDatabase = $repServer.DistributionDatabase

            # Step 1: Connect to the distributor

            try {
                $distServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $DistributionServer -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $DistributionServer -Continue
            }

            foreach ($publication in $publicationNames) {

                $pubMon = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Replication.PublicationMonitor

                $pubMon.Name = $publication.PublicationName
                $pubMon.DistributionDBName = $distributionDatabase
                $pubMon.PublisherName = $publication.Server
                $pubMon.PublicationDBName = $publication.Database

                $pubMon.ConnectionContext = $distServer.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject;


                # Call the LoadProperties method to get the properties of the object. If this method returns false, either the publication monitor properties in Step 3 were defined incorrectly or the publication does not exist.
                if (!$pubMon.LoadProperties()) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "LoadProperties() failed. The publication does not exist." -Continue
                }

                $tokenList = $pubMon.EnumTracerTokens()

                if (!$DisplayTokenHistory) {
                    $tokenList = $tokenList[0]
                }


                foreach ($token in $tokenList) {

                    $tracerTokenId = $token.TracerTokenId

                    $tokenInfo = $pubMon.EnumTracerTokenHistory($tracerTokenId)

                    $timer = 0

                    $continue = $true

                    while (($tokenInfo.Tables[0].Rows[0].subscriber_latency -eq [System.DBNull]::Value) -and $continue ) {
                        if ($TimeToLive -and ($timer -gt $TimeToLive)) {
                            $continue = $false
                            Stop-Function -Message "TimeToLive has been reached for token: $tracerTokenId" -Continue
                        }

                        Start-Sleep -Seconds 1
                        $timer += 1
                        $tokenInfo = $PubMon.EnumTracerTokenHistory($tracerTokenId)
                    }


                    foreach ($info in $tokenInfo.Tables[0].Rows) {

                        $totalLatency = if (($info.distributor_latency -eq [System.DBNull]::Value) -or ($info.subscriber_latency -eq [System.DBNull]::Value)) {
                            [System.DBNull]::Value
                        } else {
                            ($info.distributor_latency + $info.subscriber_latency)
                        }

                        [PSCustomObject]@{
                            ComputerName                   = $server.ComputerName
                            InstanceName                   = $server.InstanceName
                            SqlInstance                    = $server.SqlInstance
                            TokenID                        = $tracerTokenId
                            TokenCreateDate                = $token.PublisherCommitTime
                            PublicationServer              = $publication.Server
                            PublicationDB                  = $publication.Database
                            PublicationName                = $publication.PublicationName
                            PublicationType                = $publication.PublicationType
                            DistributionServer             = $distributionServer
                            DistributionDB                 = $distributionDatabase
                            SubscriberServer               = $info.subscriber
                            SubscriberDB                   = $info.subscriber_db
                            PublisherToDistributorLatency  = $info.distributor_latency
                            DistributorToSubscriberLatency = $info.subscriber_latency
                            TotalLatency                   = $totalLatency
                        } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty PublicationType


                        if (!$RetainToken) {

                            $pubMon.CleanUpTracerTokenHistory($tracerTokenId)

                        }

                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Test-DbaServerName {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Tests to see if it's possible to easily rename the server at the SQL Server instance level, or if it even needs to be changed.

    .DESCRIPTION
        When a SQL Server's host OS is renamed, the SQL Server should be as well. This helps with Availability Groups and Kerberos.

        This command helps determine if your OS and SQL Server names match, and whether a rename is required.

        It then checks conditions that would prevent a rename, such as database mirroring and replication.

        https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/2525/steps-to-change-the-server-name-for-a-sql-server-machine/

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be deprecated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeSsrs
        If this switch is enabled, checking for SQL Server Reporting Services will be skipped.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SPN, ServerName
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaServerName

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a

        Returns ServerInstanceName, SqlServerName, IsEqual and RenameRequired for sqlserver2014a.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016

        Returns ServerInstanceName, SqlServerName, IsEqual and RenameRequired for sqlserver2014a and sql2016.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 -ExcludeSsrs

        Returns ServerInstanceName, SqlServerName, IsEqual and RenameRequired for sqlserver2014a and sql2016, but skips validating if SSRS is installed on both instances.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaServerName -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a, sql2016 | Select-Object *

        Returns ServerInstanceName, SqlServerName, IsEqual and RenameRequired for sqlserver2014a and sql2016.
        If a Rename is required, it will also show Updatable, and Reasons if the server name is not updatable.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Collections.ArrayList])]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias("NoWarning")]
        [switch]$ExcludeSsrs,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter NoWarning
    }
    process {

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if ($server.IsClustered) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$instance is a cluster. Renaming clusters is not supported by Microsoft."
            }

            $sqlInstanceName = $server.Query("SELECT @@servername AS ServerName").ServerName
            $instance = $server.InstanceName

            if ($instance.Length -eq 0) {
                $serverInstanceName = $server.NetName
                $instance = "MSSQLSERVER"
            } else {
                $netname = $server.NetName
                $serverInstanceName = "$netname\$instance"
            }

            $serverInfo = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.NetName
                ServerName     = $sqlInstanceName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                RenameRequired = $serverInstanceName -ne $sqlInstanceName
                Updatable      = "N/A"
                Warnings       = $null
                Blockers       = $null
            }

            $reasons = @()
            $ssrsService = "SQL Server Reporting Services ($instance)"

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking for $serverName on $netBiosName"
            $rs = $null
            if ($SkipSsrs -eq $false -or $NoWarning -eq $false) {
                try {
                    $rs = Get-DbaService -ComputerName $instance.ComputerName -InstanceName $server.ServiceName -Type SSRS -EnableException -WarningAction Stop
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Unable to pull information on $ssrsService." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance
                }
            }

            if ($null -ne $rs -or $rs.Count -gt 0) {
                if ($rs.State -eq 'Running') {
                    $rstext = "$ssrsService must be stopped and updated."
                } else {
                    $rstext = "$ssrsService exists. When it is started again, it must be updated."
                }
                $serverInfo.Warnings = $rstext
            } else {
                $serverInfo.Warnings = "N/A"
            }

            # check for mirroring
            $mirroredDb = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.IsMirroringEnabled -eq $true }

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "Found the following mirrored dbs: $($mirroredDb.Name)"

            if ($mirroredDb.Length -gt 0) {
                $dbs = $mirroredDb.Name -join ", "
                $reasons += "Databases are being mirrored: $dbs"
            }

            # check for replication
            $sql = "SELECT name FROM sys.databases WHERE is_published = 1 OR is_subscribed = 1 OR is_distributor = 1"
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
            $replicatedDb = $server.Query($sql)

            if ($replicatedDb.Count -gt 0) {
                $dbs = $replicatedDb.Name -join ", "
                $reasons += "Database(s) are involved in replication: $dbs"
            }

            # check for even more replication
            $sql = "SELECT srl.remote_name as RemoteLoginName FROM sys.remote_logins srl JOIN sys.sysservers sss ON srl.server_id = sss.srvid"
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "SQL Statement: $sql"
            $results = $server.Query($sql)

            if ($results.RemoteLoginName.Count -gt 0) {
                $remoteLogins = $results.RemoteLoginName -join ", "
                $reasons += "Remote logins still exist: $remoteLogins"
            }

            if ($reasons.Length -gt 0) {
                $serverInfo.Updatable = $false
                $serverInfo.Blockers = $reasons
            } else {
                $serverInfo.Updatable = $true
                $serverInfo.Blockers = "N/A"
            }

            $serverInfo | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty InstanceName, SqlInstance
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#FlowControl,Pipeline#
function Test-DbaSpn {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Test-DbaSpn will determine what SPNs *should* be set for a given server (and any instances of SQL running on it) and return
        whether the SPNs are set or not.

    .DESCRIPTION
        This function is designed to take in a server name(s) and attempt to determine required SPNs. It was initially written to mimic the (previously) broken functionality of the Microsoft Kerberos Configuration manager and SQL Server 2016.

        - For any instances with TCP/IP enabled, the script will determine which port(s) the instances are listening on and generate the required SPNs.
        - For named instances NOT using dynamic ports, the script will generate a port-based SPN for those instances as well.
        - At a minimum, the script will test a base, port-less SPN for each instance discovered.

        Once the required SPNs are generated, the script will connect to Active Directory and search for any of the SPNs (if any) that are already set. The function will return a custom object(s) that contains the server name checked, the instance name discovered, the account the service is running under, and what the "required" SPN should be. It will also return a boolean property indicating if the SPN is set in Active Directory or not.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The computer you want to discover any SQL Server instances on. This parameter is required.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        The credential you want to use to connect to the remote server and active directory.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SPN
        Author: Drew Furgiuele (@pittfurg), http://www.port1433.com | niphlod

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaSpn

    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName SQLSERVERA -Credential ad\sqldba

        Connects to a computer (SQLSERVERA) and queries WMI for all SQL instances and return "required" SPNs. It will then take each SPN it generates
        and query Active Directory to make sure the SPNs are set.

    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName SQLSERVERA,SQLSERVERB -Credential ad\sqldba

        Connects to multiple computers (SQLSERVERA, SQLSERVERB) and queries WMI for all SQL instances and return "required" SPNs.
        It will then take each SPN it generates and query Active Directory to make sure the SPNs are set.

    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DbaSpn -ComputerName SQLSERVERC -Credential ad\sqldba

        Connects to a computer (SQLSERVERC) on a specified and queries WMI for all SQL instances and return "required" SPNs.
        It will then take each SPN it generates and query Active Directory to make sure the SPNs are set. Note that the credential you pass must have be a valid login with appropriate rights on the domain

    #>
    [cmdletbinding()]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseOutputTypeCorrectly", "", Justification = "PSSA Rule Ignored by BOH")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        # spare the cmdlet to search for the same account over and over
        $resultCache = @{}
    }
    process {
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            try {
                $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -Turbo
            }

            if ($null -eq $resolved.IPAddress) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Cannot resolve IP address, moving on."
                continue
            }

            $hostEntry = $resolved.FullComputerName

            Write-Message -Message "Resolved ComputerName to FQDN: $hostEntry" -Level Verbose

            $Scriptblock = {

                function Convert-SqlVersion {
                    [cmdletbinding()]
                    param (
                        [version]$version
                    )

                    switch ($version.Major) {
                        9 { "SQL Server 2005" }
                        10 {
                            if ($version.Minor -eq 0) {
                                "SQL Server 2008"
                            } else {
                                "SQL Server 2008 R2"
                            }
                        }
                        11 { "SQL Server 2012" }
                        12 { "SQL Server 2014" }
                        13 { "SQL Server 2016" }
                        14 { "SQL Server 2017" }
                        default { $version }
                    }
                }

                $spns = @()
                $servereName = $args[0]
                $hostEntry = $args[1]
                $instanceName = $args[2]
                $instanceCount = $wmi.ServerInstances.Count

                <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                Write-Verbose "Found $instanceCount instances"

                foreach ($instance in $wmi.ServerInstances) {
                    $spn = [pscustomobject] @{
                        ComputerName           = $servereName
                        InstanceName           = $instanceName
                        #SKUNAME
                        SqlProduct             = $null
                        InstanceServiceAccount = $null
                        RequiredSPN            = $null
                        IsSet                  = $false
                        Cluster                = $false
                        TcpEnabled             = $false
                        Port                   = $null
                        DynamicPort            = $false
                        Warning                = "None"
                        Error                  = "None"
                        # for piping
                        Credential             = $Credential
                    }

                    $spn.InstanceName = $instance.Name
                    $instanceName = $spn.InstanceName

                    <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                    Write-Verbose "Parsing $instanceName"

                    $services = $wmi.Services | Where-Object DisplayName -EQ "SQL Server ($instanceName)"
                    $spn.InstanceServiceAccount = $services.ServiceAccount
                    $spn.Cluster = ($services.advancedproperties | Where-Object Name -EQ 'Clustered').Value

                    if ($spn.Cluster) {
                        $hostEntry = ($services.advancedproperties | Where-Object Name -EQ 'VSNAME').Value.ToLower()
                        <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                        Write-Verbose "Found cluster $hostEntry"
                        $hostEntry = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostEntry($hostEntry)).HostName
                        $spn.ComputerName = $hostEntry
                    }

                    $rawVersion = [version]($services.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -EQ 'VERSION').Value

                    $version = Convert-SqlVersion $rawVersion
                    $skuName = ($services.AdvancedProperties | Where-Object Name -EQ 'SKUNAME').Value

                    $spn.SqlProduct = "$version $skuName"

                    #is tcp enabled on this instance? If not, we don't need an spn, son
                    if ((($instance.ServerProtocols | Where-Object { $_.Displayname -eq "TCP/IP" }).ProtocolProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "Enabled" }).Value -eq $true) {
                        <# DO NOT use Write-Message as this is inside of a script block #>
                        Write-Verbose "TCP is enabled, gathering SPN requirements"
                        $spn.TcpEnabled = $true
                        #Each instance has a default SPN of MSSQLSvc\<fqdn> or MSSSQLSvc\<fqdn>:Instance
                        if ($instance.Name -eq "MSSQLSERVER") {
                            $spn.RequiredSPN = "MSSQLSvc/$hostEntry"
                        } else {
                            $spn.RequiredSPN = "MSSQLSvc/" + $hostEntry + ":" + $instance.Name
                        }
                    }

                    $spns += $spn
                }
                # Now, for each spn, do we need a port set? Only if TCP is enabled and NOT DYNAMIC!
                foreach ($spn in $spns) {
                    $ports = @()

                    $ips = (($wmi.ServerInstances | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $spn.InstanceName }).ServerProtocols | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -eq "TCP/IP" -and $_.IsEnabled -eq "True" }).IpAddresses
                    $ipAllPort = $null
                    foreach ($ip in $ips) {
                        if ($ip.Name -eq "IPAll") {
                            $ipAllPort = ($ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "TCPPort" }).Value
                            if (($ip.IpAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "TcpDynamicPorts" }).Value -ne "") {
                                $ipAllPort = ($ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "TcpDynamicPorts" }).Value + "d"
                            }
                        } else {
                            $enabled = ($ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "Enabled" }).Value
                            $active = ($ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "Active" }).Value
                            $tcpDynamicPorts = ($ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "TcpDynamicPorts" }).Value
                            if ($enabled -and $active -and $tcpDynamicPorts -eq "") {
                                $ports += ($ip.IPAddressProperties | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq "TCPPort" }).Value
                            } elseif ($enabled -and $active -and $tcpDynamicPorts -ne "") {
                                $ports += $ipAllPort + "d"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if ($ipAllPort -ne "") {
                        #IPAll overrides any set ports. Not sure why that's the way it is?
                        $ports = $ipAllPort
                    }

                    $ports = $ports | Select-Object -Unique
                    foreach ($port in $ports) {
                        $newspn = $spn.PSObject.Copy()
                        if ($port -like "*d") {
                            $newspn.Port = ($port.replace("d", ""))
                            $newspn.RequiredSPN = $newspn.RequiredSPN.Replace($newSPN.InstanceName, $newspn.Port)
                            $newspn.DynamicPort = $true
                            $newspn.Warning = "Dynamic port is enabled"
                        } else {
                            #If this is a named instance, replace the instance name with a port number (for non-dynamic ported named instances)
                            $newspn.Port = $port
                            $newspn.DynamicPort = $false

                            if ($newspn.InstanceName -eq "MSSQLSERVER") {
                                $newspn.RequiredSPN = $newspn.RequiredSPN + ":" + $port
                            } else {
                                $newspn.RequiredSPN = $newspn.RequiredSPN.Replace($newSPN.InstanceName, $newspn.Port)
                            }
                        }
                        $spns += $newspn
                    }
                }
                $spns
            }


            try {
                $spns = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $hostEntry -ScriptBlock $Scriptblock -ArgumentList $resolved.FullComputerName, $hostEntry, $computer.InstanceName -Credential $Credential -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Couldn't connect to $computer" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue
            }

            #Now query AD for each required SPN
            foreach ($spn in $spns) {
                $searchfor = 'User'
                if ($spn.InstanceServiceAccount -eq 'LocalSystem' -or $spn.InstanceServiceAccount -like 'NT SERVICE\*') {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Virtual account detected, changing target registration to computername"
                    $spn.InstanceServiceAccount = "$($resolved.Domain)\$($resolved.ComputerName)$"
                    $searchfor = 'Computer'
                } elseif ($spn.InstanceServiceAccount -like '*\*$') {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Managed Service Account detected"
                    $searchfor = 'Computer'
                }

                $serviceAccount = $spn.InstanceServiceAccount
                # spare the cmdlet to search for the same account over and over
                if ($spn.InstanceServiceAccount -notin $resultCache.Keys) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Searching for $serviceAccount" -Level Verbose
                    try {
                        $result = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $serviceAccount -Type $searchfor -Credential $Credential -EnableException
                        $resultCache[$spn.InstanceServiceAccount] = $result
                    } catch {
                        if (![System.String]::IsNullOrEmpty($spn.InstanceServiceAccount)) {
                            Write-Message -Message "AD lookup failure. This may be because the domain cannot be resolved for the SQL Server service account ($serviceAccount)." -Level Warning
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    $result = $resultCache[$spn.InstanceServiceAccount]
                }
                if ($result.Count -gt 0) {
                    try {
                        $results = $result.GetUnderlyingObject()
                        if ($results.Properties.servicePrincipalName -contains $spn.RequiredSPN) {
                            $spn.IsSet = $true
                        }
                    } catch {
                        Write-Message -Message "The SQL Service account ($serviceAccount) has been found, but you don't have enough permission to inspect its SPNs" -Level Warning
                        continue
                    }
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "SQL Service account not found. Results may not be accurate."
                    $spn
                    continue
                }
                if (!$spn.IsSet -and $spn.TcpEnabled) {
                    $spn.Error = "SPN missing"
                }

                $spn | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Credential, DomainName
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Test-DbaTempdbConfig {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Evaluates tempdb against several rules to match best practices.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Evaluates tempdb against a set of rules to match best practices. The rules are:

        * TF 1118 enabled - Is Trace Flag 1118 enabled (See KB328551).
        * File Count - Does the count of data files in tempdb match the number of logical cores, up to 8?
        * File Growth - Are any files set to have percentage growth? Best practice is all files have an explicit growth value.
        * File Location - Is tempdb located on the C:\? Best practice says to locate it elsewhere.
        * File MaxSize Set (optional) - Do any files have a max size value? Max size could cause tempdb problems if it isn't allowed to grow.
        * Data File Size Equal - Are the sizes of all the tempdb data files the same?

        Other rules can be added at a future date.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. SQL Server 2005 and higher are supported.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be depreciated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: tempdb, configuration
        Author: Michael Fal (@Mike_Fal), http://mikefal.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Based on Amit Bannerjee's (@banerjeeamit) Get-TempDB function (https://github.com/amitmsft/SqlOnAzureVM/blob/master/Get-TempdbFiles.ps1)

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaTempdbConfig

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaTempdbConfig -SqlInstance localhost

        Checks tempdb on the localhost machine.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaTempdbConfig -SqlInstance localhost | Select-Object *

        Checks tempdb on the localhost machine. All rest results are shown.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaCmsRegServer -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a | Test-DbaTempdbConfig | Select-Object * | Out-GridView

        Checks tempdb configuration for a group of servers from SQL Server Central Management Server (CMS). Output includes all columns. Send output to GridView.
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # removed previous assumption that 2016+ will have it enabled
            $tfCheck = $server.Databases['tempdb'].Query("DBCC TRACEON (3604);DBCC TRACESTATUS(-1)")
            $current = ($tfCheck.TraceFlag -join ',').Contains('1118')

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Rule           = 'TF 1118 Enabled'
                Recommended    = $true
                CurrentSetting = $current
                IsBestPractice = $current -eq $true
                Notes          = 'KB328551 describes how TF 1118 can benefit performance. SQL Server 2016 has this functionality enabled by default.'
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "TF 1118 evaluated"

            #get files and log files
            $tempdbFiles = Get-DbaDbFile -SqlInstance $server -Database tempdb
            [array]$dataFiles = $tempdbFiles | Where-Object Type -ne 1
            $logFiles = $tempdbFiles | Where-Object Type -eq 1
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "TempDB file objects gathered"

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Rule           = 'File Count'
                Recommended    = [Math]::Min(8, $server.Processors)
                CurrentSetting = $dataFiles.Count
                IsBestPractice = $dataFiles.Count -eq [Math]::Min(8, $server.Processors)
                Notes          = 'Microsoft recommends that the number of tempdb data files is equal to the number of logical cores up to 8.'
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "File counts evaluated."

            #test file growth
            $percData = $dataFiles | Where-Object GrowthType -ne 'KB' | Measure-Object
            $percLog = $logFiles | Where-Object GrowthType -ne 'KB' | Measure-Object

            $totalCount = $percData.Count + $percLog.Count
            if ($totalCount -gt 0) {
                $totalCount = $true
            } else {
                $totalCount = $false
            }

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Rule           = 'File Growth in Percent'
                Recommended    = $false
                CurrentSetting = $totalCount
                IsBestPractice = $totalCount -eq $false
                Notes          = 'Set file growth to explicit values, not by percent.'
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "File growth settings evaluated."
            #test file Location

            $cdata = ($dataFiles | Where-Object PhysicalName -like 'C:*' | Measure-Object).Count + ($logFiles | Where-Object PhysicalName -like 'C:*' | Measure-Object).Count
            if ($cdata -gt 0) {
                $cdata = $true
            } else {
                $cdata = $false
            }

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Rule           = 'File Location'
                Recommended    = $false
                CurrentSetting = $cdata
                IsBestPractice = $cdata -eq $false
                Notes          = "Do not place your tempdb files on C:\."
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "File locations evaluated."

            #Test growth limits
            $growthLimits = ($dataFiles | Where-Object MaxSize -gt 0 | Measure-Object).Count + ($logFiles | Where-Object MaxSize -gt 0 | Measure-Object).Count
            if ($growthLimits -gt 0) {
                $growthLimits = $true
            } else {
                $growthLimits = $false
            }

            [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Rule           = 'File MaxSize Set'
                Recommended    = $false
                CurrentSetting = $growthLimits
                IsBestPractice = $growthLimits -eq $false
                Notes          = "Consider setting your tempdb files to unlimited growth."
            }

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "MaxSize values evaluated."

            #Test Data File Size Equal
            $distinctCountSizeDataFiles = ($dataFiles | Group-Object -Property Size | Measure-Object).Count

            if ($distinctCountSizeDataFiles -eq 1) {
                $equalSizeDataFiles = $true
            } else {
                $equalSizeDataFiles = $false
            }

            $value = [PSCustomObject]@{
                ComputerName   = $server.ComputerName
                InstanceName   = $server.ServiceName
                SqlInstance    = $server.DomainInstanceName
                Rule           = 'Data File Size Equal'
                Recommended    = $true
                CurrentSetting = $equalSizeDataFiles
                IsBestPractice = $equalSizeDataFiles -eq $true
                Notes          = "Consider creating equally sized data files."
            }
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Data File Size Equal evaluated."
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-SqlTempDbConfiguration
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-DbaTempDbConfiguration
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Test-DbaWindowsLogin {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Test-DbaWindowsLogin finds any logins on SQL instance that are AD logins with either disabled AD user accounts or ones that no longer exist

    .DESCRIPTION
        The purpose of this function is to find SQL Server logins that are used by active directory users that are either disabled or removed from the domain. It allows you to keep your logins accurate and up to date by removing accounts that are no longer needed.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server instance you're checking logins on. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2000 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Login
        Specifies a list of logins to include in the results. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeLogin
        Specifies a list of logins to exclude from the results. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER FilterBy
        Specifies the object types to return. By default, both Logins and Groups are returned. Valid options for this parameter are 'GroupsOnly' and 'LoginsOnly'.

    .PARAMETER IgnoreDomains
        Specifies a list of Active Directory domains to ignore. By default, all domains in the forest as well as all trusted domains are traversed.

    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Output all properties, will be depreciated in 1.0.0 release.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Login, Security
        Author: Stephen Bennett, https://sqlnotesfromtheunderground.wordpress.com/ | Chrissy LeMaire (@cl)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Test-DbaWindowsLogin

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaWindowsLogin -SqlInstance Dev01

        Tests all logins in the current Active Directory domain that are either disabled or do not exist on the SQL Server instance Dev01

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaWindowsLogin -SqlInstance Dev01 -FilterBy GroupsOnly | Select-Object -Property *

        Tests all Active Directory groups that have logins on Dev01, and shows all information for those logins

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Test-DbaWindowsLogin -SqlInstance Dev01 -IgnoreDomains testdomain

        Tests all Domain logins excluding any that are from the testdomain

    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlServers")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [object[]]$Login,
        [object[]]$ExcludeLogin,
        [ValidateSet("LoginsOnly", "GroupsOnly", "None")]
        [string]$FilterBy = "None",
        [string[]]$IgnoreDomains,
        [switch]$Detailed,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter Detailed

        if ($IgnoreDomains) {
            $IgnoreDomainsNormalized = $IgnoreDomains.ToUpper()
            Write-Message -Message ("Excluding logins for domains " + ($IgnoreDomains -join ',')) -Level Verbose
        }

        $mappingRaw = @{
            'SCRIPT'                                 = 1
            'ACCOUNTDISABLE'                         = 2
            'HOMEDIR_REQUIRED'                       = 8
            'LOCKOUT'                                = 16
            'PASSWD_NOTREQD'                         = 32
            'PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE'                     = 64
            'ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PASSWORD_ALLOWED'        = 128
            'TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT'                 = 256
            'NORMAL_ACCOUNT'                         = 512
            'INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT'              = 2048
            'WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT'              = 4096
            'SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT'                   = 8192
            'DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD'                     = 65536
            'MNS_LOGON_ACCOUNT'                      = 131072
            'SMARTCARD_REQUIRED'                     = 262144
            'TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION'                 = 524288
            'NOT_DELEGATED'                          = 1048576
            'USE_DES_KEY_ONLY'                       = 2097152
            'DONT_REQUIRE_PREAUTH'                   = 4194304
            'PASSWORD_EXPIRED'                       = 8388608
            'TRUSTED_TO_AUTHENTICATE_FOR_DELEGATION' = 16777216
            'NO_AUTH_DATA_REQUIRED'                  = 33554432
            'PARTIAL_SECRETS_ACCOUNT'                = 67108864
        }
    }
    process {
        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential
                Write-Message -Message "Connected to: $instance." -Level Verbose
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }


            # we can only validate AD logins
            $allWindowsLoginsGroups = $server.Logins | Where-Object { $_.LoginType -in ('WindowsUser', 'WindowsGroup') }

            # we cannot validate local users
            $allWindowsLoginsGroups = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object { $_.Name.StartsWith("NT ") -eq $false -and $_.Name.StartsWith($server.ComputerName) -eq $false -and $_.Name.StartsWith("BUILTIN") -eq $false }
            if ($Login) {
                $allWindowsLoginsGroups = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object Name -In $Login
            }
            if ($ExcludeLogin) {
                $allWindowsLoginsGroups = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeLogin
            }
            switch ($FilterBy) {
                "LoginsOnly" {
                    Write-Message -Message "Search restricted to logins." -Level Verbose
                    $windowsLogins = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object LoginType -eq 'WindowsUser'
                }
                "GroupsOnly" {
                    Write-Message -Message "Search restricted to groups." -Level Verbose
                    $windowsGroups = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object LoginType -eq 'WindowsGroup'
                }
                "None" {
                    Write-Message -Message "Search both logins and groups." -Level Verbose
                    $windowsLogins = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object LoginType -eq 'WindowsUser'
                    $windowsGroups = $allWindowsLoginsGroups | Where-Object LoginType -eq 'WindowsGroup'
                }
            }
            foreach ($login in $windowsLogins) {
                $adLogin = $login.Name
                $loginSid = $login.Sid -join ''
                $domain, $username = $adLogin.Split("\")
                if ($domain.ToUpper() -in $IgnoreDomainsNormalized) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Skipping Login $adLogin." -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Parsing Login $adLogin." -Level Verbose
                $exists = $false
                try {
                    $u = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $adLogin -Type User -EnableException
                    if ($null -eq $u -and $adLogin -like '*$') {
                        Write-Message -Message "Parsing Login as computer" -Level Verbose
                        $u = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $adLogin -Type Computer -EnableException
                        $adType = 'Computer'
                    } else {
                        $adType = 'User'
                    }
                    $foundUser = $u.GetUnderlyingObject()
                    $foundSid = $foundUser.ObjectSid.Value -join ''
                    if ($foundUser) {
                        $exists = $true
                    }
                    if ($foundSid -ne $loginSid) {
                        Write-Message -Message "SID mismatch detected for $adLogin." -Level Warning
                        Write-Message -Message "SID mismatch detected for $adLogin (MSSQL: $loginSid, AD: $foundSid)." -Level Debug
                        $exists = $false
                    }
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Message "AD Searcher Error for $username." -Level Warning
                }

                $uac = $foundUser.Properties.UserAccountControl

                $additionalProps = @{
                    AccountNotDelegated               = $null
                    AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption = $null
                    CannotChangePassword              = $null
                    PasswordExpired                   = $null
                    LockedOut                         = $null
                    Enabled                           = $null
                    PasswordNeverExpires              = $null
                    PasswordNotRequired               = $null
                    SmartcardLogonRequired            = $null
                    TrustedForDelegation              = $null
                }
                if ($uac) {
                    $additionalProps = @{
                        AccountNotDelegated               = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['NOT_DELEGATED'])
                        AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PASSWORD_ALLOWED'])
                        CannotChangePassword              = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE'])
                        PasswordExpired                   = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['PASSWORD_EXPIRED'])
                        LockedOut                         = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['LOCKOUT'])
                        Enabled                           = !($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['ACCOUNTDISABLE'])
                        PasswordNeverExpires              = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD'])
                        PasswordNotRequired               = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['PASSWD_NOTREQD'])
                        SmartcardLogonRequired            = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['SMARTCARD_REQUIRED'])
                        TrustedForDelegation              = [bool]($uac.Value -band $mappingRaw['TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION'])
                        UserAccountControl                = $uac.Value
                    }
                }
                $rtn = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    Server                            = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Domain                            = $domain
                    Login                             = $username
                    Type                              = $adType
                    Found                             = $exists
                    DisabledInSQLServer               = $login.IsDisabled
                    AccountNotDelegated               = $additionalProps.AccountNotDelegated
                    AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption = $additionalProps.AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption
                    CannotChangePassword              = $additionalProps.CannotChangePassword
                    PasswordExpired                   = $additionalProps.PasswordExpired
                    LockedOut                         = $additionalProps.LockedOut
                    Enabled                           = $additionalProps.Enabled
                    PasswordNeverExpires              = $additionalProps.PasswordNeverExpires
                    PasswordNotRequired               = $additionalProps.PasswordNotRequired
                    SmartcardLogonRequired            = $additionalProps.SmartcardLogonRequired
                    TrustedForDelegation              = $additionalProps.TrustedForDelegation
                    UserAccountControl                = $additionalProps.UserAccountControl
                }

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $rtn -ExcludeProperty AccountNotDelegated, AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption, CannotChangePassword, PasswordNeverExpires, SmartcardLogonRequired, TrustedForDelegation, UserAccountControl

            }

            foreach ($login in $windowsGroups) {
                $adLogin = $login.Name
                $loginSid = $login.Sid -join ''
                $domain, $groupName = $adLogin.Split("\")
                if ($domain.ToUpper() -in $IgnoreDomainsNormalized) {
                    Write-Message -Message "Skipping Login $adLogin." -Level Verbose
                    continue
                }
                Write-Message -Message "Parsing Login $adLogin on $server." -Level Verbose
                $exists = $false
                try {
                    $u = Get-DbaADObject -ADObject $adLogin -Type Group -EnableException
                    $foundUser = $u.GetUnderlyingObject()
                    $foundSid = $foundUser.objectSid.Value -join ''
                    if ($foundUser) {
                        $exists = $true
                    }
                    if ($foundSid -ne $loginSid) {
                        Write-Message -Message "SID mismatch detected for $adLogin." -Level Warning
                        Write-Message -Message "SID mismatch detected for $adLogin (MSSQL: $loginSid, AD: $foundSid)." -Level Debug
                        $exists = $false
                    }
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Message "AD Searcher Error for $groupName on $server" -Level Warning
                }
                $rtn = [PSCustomObject]@{
                    Server                            = $server.DomainInstanceName
                    Domain                            = $domain
                    Login                             = $groupName
                    Type                              = "Group"
                    Found                             = $exists
                    DisabledInSQLServer               = $login.IsDisabled
                    AccountNotDelegated               = $null
                    AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption = $null
                    CannotChangePassword              = $null
                    PasswordExpired                   = $null
                    LockedOut                         = $null
                    Enabled                           = $null
                    PasswordNeverExpires              = $null
                    PasswordNotRequired               = $null
                    SmartcardLogonRequired            = $null
                    TrustedForDelegation              = $null
                    UserAccountControl                = $null
                }

                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $rtn -ExcludeProperty AccountNotDelegated, AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption, CannotChangePassword, PasswordNeverExpires, SmartcardLogonRequired, TrustedForDelegation, UserAccountControl

            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Test-DbaValidLogin
    }
}
#ValidationTags#CodeStyle,Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline#
Function Uninstall-DbaSqlWatch {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Uninstalls SqlWatch.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Deletes all user objects, agent jobs, and historical data associated with SqlWatch.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        SQL Server name or SMO object representing the SQL Server to connect to.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        Specifies the database to install SqlWatch into. Defaults to master.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts to confirm actions

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: SqlWatch
        Author: Ken K (github.com/koglerk)
        Website: https://sqlwatch.io
        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Uninstall-DbaSqlWatch

    .EXAMPLE
        Uninstall-DbaSqlWatch -SqlInstance server1

        Deletes all user objects, agent jobs, and historical data associated with SqlWatch from the master database.
       #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Database = "master",
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    begin {

        # validate database parameter

        if (Test-Bound -Not -ParameterName 'DacfxPath') {
            $dacfxPath = "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\smo\Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.dll"
        }

        if ((Test-Path $dacfxPath) -eq $false) {
            Stop-Function -Message 'No usable version of Dac Fx found.'
        } else {
            try {
                Add-Type -Path $dacfxPath
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Dac Fx loaded."
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message 'No usable version of Dac Fx found.' -ErrorRecord $_
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) {
            return
        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            # get SqlWatch objects
            $tables = Get-DbaDbTable -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database | Where-Object {$PSItem.Name -like "sql_perf_mon_*" -or $PSItem.Name -like "logger_*" }
            $views = Get-DbaDbView -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database | Where-Object {$PSItem.Name -like "vw_sql_perf_mon_*" }
            $sprocs = Get-DbaDbStoredProcedure -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database | Where-Object {$PSItem.Name -like "sp_sql_perf_mon_*" -or $PSItem.Name -like "usp_logger_*" }
            $agentJobs = Get-DbaAgentJob -SqlInstance $server | Where-Object { ($PSItem.Name -like "SqlWatch-*") -or ($PSItem.Name -like "DBA-PERF-*") }

            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Removing SqlWatch SQL Agent jobs")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing SQL Agent jobs from $server."
                    $agentJobs | Remove-DbaAgentJob | Out-Null
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove all SqlWatch Agent Jobs on $server." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Removing SqlWatch stored procedures")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing SqlWatch stored procedures from $database on $server."
                    $dropScript = ""
                    $sprocs | ForEach-Object {
                        $dropScript += "DROP PROCEDURE $($PSItem.Name);`n"
                    }
                    if ($dropScript) {
                        Invoke-DbaQuery -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -Query $dropScript
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove all SqlWatch stored procedures from $database on $server." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Removing SqlWatch views")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing SqlWatch views from $database on $server."
                    $dropScript = ""
                    $views | ForEach-Object {
                        $dropScript += "DROP VIEW $($PSItem.Name);`n"
                    }
                    if ($dropScript) {
                        Invoke-DbaQuery -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -Query $dropScript
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove all SqlWatch views from $database on $server." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Removing SqlWatch tables")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing foreign keys from SqlWatch tables in $database on $server."
                    if ($tables.ForeignKeys) {
                        $tables.ForeignKeys | ForEach-Object { $PSItem.Drop() }
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove all foreign keys from SqlWatch tables in $database on $server." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }

                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Removing SqlWatch tables from $database on $server."
                    $dropScript = ""
                    $tables | ForEach-Object {
                        $dropScript += "DROP TABLE $($PSItem.Name);`n"
                    }
                    if ($dropScript) {
                        Invoke-DbaQuery -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database -Query $dropScript
                    }
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove all SqlWatch tables from $database on $server." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue
                }
            }

            if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Unpublishing DACPAC")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Unpublishing SqlWatch DACPAC from $database on $server."
                    $connectionString = $server | Select-Object -ExpandProperty ConnectionContext
                    $dacServices = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacServices $connectionString
                    $dacServices.Unregister($Database)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to unpublish SqlWatch DACPAC from $database on $server." -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Uninstall-DbaWatchUpdate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Removes the scheduled task created for Watch-DbaUpdate by Install-DbaWatchUpdate so that notifications no longer pop up.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Removes the scheduled task created for Watch-DbaUpdate by Install-DbaWatchUpdate so that notifications no longer pop up.

    .NOTES
        Tags: JustForFun, Module
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Uninstall-DbaWatchUpdate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Uninstall-DbaWatchUpdate

        Removes the scheduled task created by Install-DbaWatchUpdate.

    #>
    process {
        if (([Environment]::OSVersion).Version.Major -lt 10) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This command only supports Windows 10 and higher."
            return
        }

        <# Does not utilize message system because of script block #>
        $script = {
            try {
                $task = Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName "dbatools version check" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                if ($null -eq $task) {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Task doesn't exist. Skipping removal."
                } else {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Removing watchupdate.xml."
                    $file = "$env:LOCALAPPDATA\dbatools\watchupdate.xml"
                    Remove-Item $file -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Removing Scheduled Task 'dbatools version check'."
                    $task | Unregister-ScheduledTask -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop

                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Task removed"

                    Start-Sleep -Seconds 2
                }
            } catch {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Task could not be deleted. Please remove 'dbatools version check' manually."
            }
        }
        # Needs admin credentials to remove the task because of the way it was setup

        $task = Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName "dbatools version check" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

        if ($null -eq $task) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "dbatools update watcher is not installed."
            return
        }

        if (-not ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole] "Administrator")) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Removal of this scheduled task requires elevated permissions."
            Start-Process powershell -Verb runAs -ArgumentList Uninstall-DbaWatchUpdate -Wait
        } else {
            Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $script
        }

        Write-Message -Level Output -Message "All done!"
    }
}
function Update-DbaInstance {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Invokes installation of SQL Server Service Packs and Cumulative Updates on local and remote servers.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Starts and automated process of updating SQL Server installation to a specific version defined in the parameters.
        The command will:

        * Search for SQL Server installations in a remote registry
        * Check if current settings are applicable to the current SQL Server versions
        * Search for a KB executable in a folder specified in -Path
        * Establish a PSRemote connection to the target machine if necessary
        * Extract KB to a temporary folder in a current user's profile
        * Run the installation from the temporary folder updating all instances on the computer at once
        * Remove temporary files
        * Restart the computer (if -Restart is specified)
        * Repeat for each consequent KB and computer

        The impact of this function is set to High, if you don't want to receive interactive prompts, set -Confirm to $false.
        Credentials are a required parameter for remote machines. Without specifying -Credential, the installation will fail due to lack of permissions.

        CredSSP is a recommended transport for running the updates remotely. Update-DbaInstance will attempt to reconfigure
        local and remote hosts to support CredSSP, which is why it is desirable to run this command in an elevated console at all times.
        CVE-2018-0886 security update is required for both local and remote hosts. If CredSSP connections are failing, make sure to
        apply recent security updates prior to doing anything else.

        Always backup databases and configurations prior to upgrade.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        Target computer with SQL instance or instsances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Windows Credential with permission to log on to the remote server. Must be specified for any remote connection.

    .PARAMETER Type
        Type of the update: All | ServicePack | CumulativeUpdate. Mutually exclusive with -Version.
        Default: All

    .PARAMETER KB
        Install a specific update or list of updates. Can be a number of a string KBXXXXXXX.

    .PARAMETER Version
        A target version of the installation you want to reach. If not specified, a latest available version would be used by default.
        Can be defined using the following general pattern: <MajorVersion><SPX><CUX>.
        Any part of the pattern can be ommitted if needed:
        2008R2SP1 - will update SQL 2008R2 to SP1
        2016CU3 - will update SQL 2016 to CU3 of current Service Pack installed
        SP0CU3 - will update all existing SQL Server versions to RTM CU3 without installing any service packs
        SP1CU7 - will update all existing SQL Server versions to SP1 and then (after restart if -Restart is specified) to SP1CU7
        CU7 - will update all existing SQL Server versions to CU7 of current Service Pack installed

    .PARAMETER MajorVersion
        When -Version is not specified, it allows user to only update specific version(s) of SQL Server. Syntax: SQL20XX or simply 20XX.

    .PARAMETER Path
        Path to the folder(s) with SQL Server patches downloaded. It will be scanned recursively for available patches.
        Path should be available from both server with SQL Server installation and client that runs the command.
        All file names should match the pattern used by Microsoft: SQLServer####*-KB###-*x##*.exe
        If a file is missing in the repository, the installation will fail.
        Consider setting the following configuration if you want to omit this parameter: `Set-DbatoolsConfig -Name Path.SQLServerUpdates -Value '\\path\to\updates'`

    .PARAMETER Restart
        Restart computer automatically after a successful installation of a patch and wait until it comes back online.
        Using this parameter is the only way to chain-install more than 1 patch on a computer, since every single patch will require a restart of said computer.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Install, Patching, SP, CU, Instance
        Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar) https://nvarscar.wordpress.com/

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Update-DbaInstance -ComputerName SQL1 -Version SP3 -Path \\network\share

        Updates all applicable SQL Server installations on SQL1 to SP3.
        Binary files for the update will be searched among all files and folders recursively in \\network\share.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Update-DbaInstance -ComputerName SQL1, SQL2 -Restart -Path \\network\share

        Updates all applicable SQL Server installations on SQL1 and SQL2 with the most recent patch.
        It will install latest ServicePack, restart the computers, install latest Cumulative Update, and finally restart the computer once again.
        Binary files for the update will be searched among all files and folders recursively in \\network\share.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Update-DbaInstance -ComputerName SQL1 -MajorVersion 2012 -Type ServicePack -Path \\network\share

        Updates SQL Server 2012 on SQL1 with the most recent ServicePack found in your patch repository.
        Binary files for the update will be searched among all files and folders recursively in \\network\share.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Update-DbaInstance -ComputerName SQL1 -KB 123456 -Restart -Path \\network\share

        Installs KB 123456 on SQL1 and restarts the computer.
        Binary files for the update will be searched among all files and folders recursively in \\network\share.

    #>
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSShouldProcess", "")]
    # Shouldprocess is handled by internal function Install-SqlServerUpdate
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = 'High', DefaultParameterSetName = 'Latest')]
    Param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Position = 1)]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [pscredential]$Credential,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Version')]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string[]]$Version,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Latest')]
        [string[]]$MajorVersion,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Latest')]
        [ValidateSet('All', 'ServicePack', 'CumulativeUpdate')]
        [string]$Type = 'All',
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'KB')]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string[]]$KB,
        [string[]]$Path,
        [switch]$Restart,
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        #Validating parameters
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'Version') {
            if ($Version -notmatch '^((SQL)?\d{4}(R2)?)?\s*(RTM|SP\d+)?\s*(CU\d+)?$') {
                Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "$Version is an incorrect Version value, please refer to Get-Help Update-DbaInstance -Parameter Version"
                return
            }
        } elseif ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'Latest') {
            $majorVersions = @()
            foreach ($mv in $MajorVersion) {
                if ($mv -match '^(SQL)?(\d{4}(R2)?)$') {
                    $majorVersions += $Matches[2]
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "$mv is an incorrect MajorVersion value, please refer to Get-Help Update-DbaInstance -Parameter MajorVersion"
                    return
                }
            }
        } elseif ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'KB') {
            $kbList = @()
            foreach ($kbItem in $KB) {
                if ($kbItem -match '^(KB)?(\d+)$') {
                    $kbList += $Matches[2]
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "$kbItem is an incorrect KB value, please refer to Get-Help Update-DbaInstance -Parameter KB"
                    return
                }
            }
        }
        $actions = @()
        #Putting together list of actions based on current ParameterSet
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'Latest') {
            if ($Type -in 'All', 'ServicePack') {
                $actions += @{
                    Type         = 'ServicePack'
                    MajorVersion = $majorVersions
                }
            }
            if ($Type -in 'All', 'CumulativeUpdate') {
                $actions += @{
                    Type         = 'CumulativeUpdate'
                    MajorVersion = $majorVersions
                }
            }
        } elseif ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'Version') {
            foreach ($ver in $Version) {
                $currentAction = @{
                }
                if ($ver -and $ver -match '^(SQL)?(\d{4}(R2)?)?\s*(RTM|SP)?(\d+)?(CU)?(\d+)?') {
                    Write-Message -Level Debug "Parsed Version as $($Matches[2, 5, 7] | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 1 -Compress)"
                    if (-not ($Matches[5] -or $Matches[7])) {
                        Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "Either SP or CU should be specified in $ver, please refer to Get-Help Update-DbaInstance -Parameter Version"
                        return
                    }
                    if ($null -ne $Matches[2]) {
                        $currentAction += @{
                            MajorVersion = $Matches[2]
                        }
                    }
                    if ($null -ne $Matches[5]) {
                        $currentAction += @{
                            ServicePack = $Matches[5]
                        }
                        if ($Matches[5] -ne '0') {
                            $actions += $currentAction
                        }
                    }
                    if ($null -ne $Matches[7]) {
                        $actions += $currentAction.Clone() + @{
                            CumulativeUpdate = $Matches[7]
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Category InvalidArgument -Message "$ver is an incorrect Version value, please refer to Get-Help Update-DbaInstance -Parameter Version"
                    return
                }
            }
        } elseif ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'KB') {
            foreach ($kbItem in $kbList) {
                $actions += @{
                    KB = $kbItem
                }
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        #Resolve all the provided names
        $resolvedComputers = @()
        foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) {
            $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $computer -Continue
            if ($resolvedComputer = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName) {
                $resolvedComputers += $resolvedComputer.FullComputerName
            }
        }
        #Initialize installations for each computer
        :computers foreach ($resolvedName in $resolvedComputers) {
            :actions foreach ($actionParam in $actions) {
                if (Test-PendingReboot -ComputerName $resolvedName) {
                    #Exit the actions loop altogether - nothing can be installed here anyways
                    Stop-Function -Message "$resolvedName is pending a reboot. Reboot the computer before proceeding." -Continue -ContinueLabel computers
                }
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Launching installation on $resolvedName with following params: $($actionParam | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 1 -Compress)"
                $install = Install-SqlServerUpdate @actionParam -ComputerName $resolvedName -Credential $Credential -Restart $Restart -Path $Path
                if ($install) {
                    $install
                    if ($install.Successful -contains $false) {
                        #Exit the actions loop altogether - upgrade failed
                        Stop-Function -Message "Update failed to install on $resolvedName" -Continue -ContinueLabel computers
                    }
                    if ($install.Restarted -contains $false) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Please restart $($install.ComputerName) to complete the installation of SQL$($install.MajorVersion)$($install.TargetLevel). No further updates will be installed on this computer." -EnableException $false -Continue -ContinueLabel computers
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
function Update-DbaServiceAccount {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Changes service account (or just its password) of the SQL Server service.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Reconfigure the service account or update the password of the specified SQL Server service. The service will be restarted in the event of changing the account.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER Credential
        Windows Credential with permission to log on to the server running the SQL instance

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        A collection of services. Basically, any object that has ComputerName and ServiceName properties. Can be piped from Get-DbaService.

    .PARAMETER ServiceName
        A name of the service on which the action is performed. E.g. MSSQLSERVER or SqlAgent$INSTANCENAME

    .PARAMETER ServiceCredential
        Windows Credential object under which the service will be setup to run. Cannot be used with -Username. For local service accounts use one of the following usernames with empty password:
        LOCALSERVICE
        NETWORKSERVICE
        LOCALSYSTEM

    .PARAMETER PreviousPassword
        An old password of the service account. Optional when run under local admin privileges.

    .PARAMETER SecurePassword
        New password of the service account. The function will ask for a password if not specified. MSAs and local system accounts will ignore the password.

    .PARAMETER Username
        Username of the service account. Cannot be used with -ServiceCredential. For local service accounts use one of the following usernames omitting the -SecurePassword parameter:
        LOCALSERVICE
        NETWORKSERVICE
        LOCALSYSTEM

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Service, SqlServer, Instance, Connect
        Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar)

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

        Requires Local Admin rights on destination computer(s).

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $SecurePassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'Qwerty1234' -AsPlainText -Force
        Update-DbaServiceAccount -ComputerName sql1 -ServiceName 'MSSQL$MYINSTANCE' -SecurePassword $SecurePassword

        Changes the current service account's password of the service MSSQL$MYINSTANCE to 'Qwerty1234'

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $cred = Get-Credential
        PS C:\> Get-DbaService sql1 -Type Engine,Agent -Instance MYINSTANCE | Update-DbaServiceAccount -ServiceCredential $cred

        Requests credentials from the user and configures them as a service account for the SQL Server engine and agent services of the instance sql1\MYINSTANCE

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Update-DbaServiceAccount -ComputerName sql1,sql2 -ServiceName 'MSSQLSERVER','SQLSERVERAGENT' -Username NETWORKSERVICE

        Configures SQL Server engine and agent services on the machines sql1 and sql2 to run under Network Service system user.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaService sql1 -Type Engine -Instance MSSQLSERVER | Update-DbaServiceAccount -Username 'MyDomain\sqluser1'

        Configures SQL Server engine service on the machine sql1 to run under MyDomain\sqluser1. Will request user to input the account password.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "ServiceName" )]
    param (
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServiceName")]
        [Alias("cn", "host", "Server")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME,
        [PSCredential]$Credential,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, Mandatory, ParameterSetName = "InputObject")]
        [Alias("ServiceCollection")]
        [object[]]$InputObject,
        [parameter(ParameterSetName = "ServiceName", Position = 1, Mandatory)]
        [Alias("Name", "Service")]
        [string[]]$ServiceName,
        [Alias("User")]
        [string]$Username,
        [PSCredential]$ServiceCredential,
        [securestring]$PreviousPassword = (New-Object System.Security.SecureString),
        [Alias("Password", "NewPassword")]
        [securestring]$SecurePassword = (New-Object System.Security.SecureString),
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    begin {
        $svcCollection = @()
        $scriptAccountChange = {
            $service = $wmi.Services[$args[0]]
            $service.SetServiceAccount($args[1], $args[2])
            $service.Alter()
        }
        $scriptPasswordChange = {
            $service = $wmi.Services[$args[0]]
            $service.ChangePassword($args[1], $args[2])
            $service.Alter()
        }
        #Check parameters
        if ($Username) {
            $actionType = 'Account'
            if ($ServiceCredential) {
                Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "You cannot specify both -UserName and -ServiceCredential parameters" -Category InvalidArgument
                return
            }
            #System logins should not have a domain name, whitespaces or passwords
            $trimmedUsername = (Split-Path $Username -Leaf).Trim().Replace(' ', '')
            #Request password input if password was not specified and account is not MSA or system login
            if ($SecurePassword.Length -eq 0 -and $PSBoundParameters.Keys -notcontains 'SecurePassword' -and $trimmedUsername -notin 'NETWORKSERVICE', 'LOCALSYSTEM', 'LOCALSERVICE' -and $Username.EndsWith('$') -eq $false -and $Username.StartsWith('NT Service\') -eq $false) {
                $SecurePassword = Read-Host -Prompt "Input new password for account $UserName" -AsSecureString
                $NewPassword2 = Read-Host -Prompt "Repeat password" -AsSecureString
                if ((New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user", $SecurePassword)).GetNetworkCredential().Password -ne `
                    (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user", $NewPassword2)).GetNetworkCredential().Password) {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Passwords do not match" -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException
                    return
                }
            }
            $currentCredential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($Username, $SecurePassword)
        } elseif ($ServiceCredential) {
            $actionType = 'Account'
            $currentCredential = $ServiceCredential
        } else {
            $actionType = 'Password'
        }
        if ($actionType -eq 'Account') {
            #System logins should not have a domain name, whitespaces or passwords
            $credUserName = (Split-Path $currentCredential.UserName -Leaf).Trim().Replace(' ', '')
            #Check for system logins and replace the Credential object to simplify passing localsystem-like login names
            if ($credUserName -in 'NETWORKSERVICE', 'LOCALSYSTEM', 'LOCALSERVICE') {
                $currentCredential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($credUserName, (New-Object System.Security.SecureString))
            }
        }
    }
    process {
        if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -match 'ServiceName') {
            foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName.ComputerName) {
                $Server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $Computer -Credential $credential
                if ($Server.ComputerName) {
                    foreach ($service in $ServiceName) {
                        $svcCollection += [psobject]@{
                            ComputerName = $server.ComputerName
                            ServiceName  = $service
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Failed to connect to $Computer" -Continue
                }
            }
        } elseif ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -match 'InputObject') {
            foreach ($service in $InputObject) {
                $Server = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $service.ComputerName -Credential $credential
                if ($Server.ComputerName) {
                    $svcCollection += [psobject]@{
                        ComputerName = $Server.ComputerName
                        ServiceName  = $service.ServiceName
                    }
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -EnableException $EnableException -Message "Failed to connect to $($service.ComputerName)" -Continue
                }
            }
        }

    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Update-DbaSqlServiceAccount

        foreach ($svc in $svcCollection) {
            if ($serviceObject = Get-DbaService -ComputerName $svc.ComputerName -ServiceName $svc.ServiceName -Credential $Credential -EnableException:$EnableException) {
                $outMessage = $outStatus = $agent = $null
                if ($actionType -eq 'Password' -and $SecurePassword.Length -eq 0) {
                    $currentPassword = Read-Host -Prompt "New password for $($serviceObject.StartName) ($($svc.ServiceName) on $($svc.ComputerName))" -AsSecureString
                    $currentPassword2 = Read-Host -Prompt "Repeat password" -AsSecureString
                    if ((New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user", $currentPassword)).GetNetworkCredential().Password -ne `
                        (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user", $currentPassword2)).GetNetworkCredential().Password) {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Passwords do not match. This service will not be updated" -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException -Continue
                    }
                } else {
                    $currentPassword = $SecurePassword
                }
                if ($serviceObject.ServiceType -eq 'Engine') {
                    #Get SQL Agent running status
                    $agent = Get-DbaService -ComputerName $svc.ComputerName -Type Agent -InstanceName $serviceObject.InstanceName
                }
                if ($PsCmdlet.ShouldProcess($serviceObject, "Changing account information for service $($svc.ServiceName) on $($svc.ComputerName)")) {
                    try {
                        if ($actionType -eq 'Account') {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting an account change for service $($svc.ServiceName) on $($svc.ComputerName)"
                            $null = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $svc.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptAccountChange -ArgumentList @($svc.ServiceName, $currentCredential.UserName, $currentCredential.GetNetworkCredential().Password) -EnableException:$EnableException
                            $outMessage = "The login account for the service has been successfully set."
                        } elseif ($actionType -eq 'Password') {
                            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting a password change for service $($svc.ServiceName) on $($svc.ComputerName)"
                            $null = Invoke-ManagedComputerCommand -ComputerName $svc.ComputerName -Credential $Credential -ScriptBlock $scriptPasswordChange -ArgumentList @($svc.ServiceName, (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user", $PreviousPassword)).GetNetworkCredential().Password, (New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("user", $currentPassword)).GetNetworkCredential().Password) -EnableException:$EnableException
                            $outMessage = "The password has been successfully changed."
                        }
                        $outStatus = 'Successful'
                    } catch {
                        $outStatus = 'Failed'
                        $outMessage = $_.Exception.Message
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $_.Exception.Message -EnableException $EnableException.ToBool()
                    }
                } else {
                    $outStatus = 'Successful'
                    $outMessage = 'No changes made - running in -WhatIf mode.'
                }
                if ($serviceObject.ServiceType -eq 'Engine' -and $actionType -eq 'Account' -and $outStatus -eq 'Successful' -and $agent.State -eq 'Running') {
                    #Restart SQL Agent after SQL Engine has been restarted
                    if ($PsCmdlet.ShouldProcess($serviceObject, "Starting SQL Agent after Engine account change on $($svc.ComputerName)")) {
                        $res = Start-DbaService -ComputerName $svc.ComputerName -Type Agent -InstanceName $serviceObject.InstanceName
                        if ($res.Status -ne 'Successful') {
                            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to restart SQL Agent after changing credentials. $($res.Message)"
                        }
                    }
                }
                $serviceObject = Get-DbaService -ComputerName $svc.ComputerName -ServiceName $svc.ServiceName -Credential $Credential -EnableException:$EnableException
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serviceObject -NotePropertyName Message -NotePropertyValue $outMessage
                Add-Member -Force -InputObject $serviceObject -NotePropertyName Status -NotePropertyValue $outStatus
                Select-DefaultView -InputObject $serviceObject -Property ComputerName, ServiceName, State, StartName, Status, Message
            } Else {
                Stop-Function -Message "The service $($svc.ServiceName) has not been found on $($svc.ComputerName)" -EnableException $EnableException -Continue
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Update-Dbatools {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Exported function. Updates dbatools. Deletes current copy and replaces it with freshest copy.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Exported function. Updates dbatools. Deletes current copy and replaces it with freshest copy.

    .PARAMETER Development
        If this switch is enabled, the current development branch will be installed. By default, the latest official release is installed.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Module
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Update-DbaTools

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Update-Dbatools

        Updates dbatools. Deletes current copy and replaces it with freshest copy.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Update-Dbatools -dev

        Updates dbatools to the current development branch. Deletes current copy and replaces it with latest from github.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseSingularNouns", "", Justification = "It is the proper noun of the cmdlet")]
    param(
        [Alias("dev", "devbranch")]
        [switch]$Development,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )
    $MyModuleBase = [SqlCollaborative.Dbatools.dbaSystem.SystemHost]::ModuleBase
    $InstallScript = join-path -path $MyModuleBase -ChildPath "install.ps1";
    if ($Development) {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Installing dev/beta channel via $Installscript.";
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("development branch", "Updating dbatools")) {
            & $InstallScript -beta;
        }
    } else {
        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Installing release version via $Installscript."
        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess("release branch", "Updating dbatools")) {
            & $InstallScript;
        }
    }
}
function Watch-DbaDbLogin {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Tracks SQL Server logins: which host they came from, what database they're using, and what program is being used to log in.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Watch-DbaDbLogin uses SQL Server DMV's to track logins into a SQL Server table. This is helpful when you need to migrate a SQL Server and update connection strings, but have inadequate documentation on which servers/applications are logging into your SQL instance.

        Running this script every 5 minutes for a week should give you a sufficient idea about database and login usage.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The SQL Server that stores the Watch database.

    .PARAMETER SqlCms
        Specifies a Central Management Server to query for a list of servers to watch.

    .PARAMETER ServersFromFile
        Specifies a file containing a list of servers to watch. This file must contain one server name per line.

    .PARAMETER Database
        The name of the Watch database.

    .PARAMETER Table
        The name of the Watch table. By default, this is DbaTools-WatchDbLogins.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: Login
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
        Requires: sysadmin access on all SQL Servers for the most accurate results

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Watch-DbaDbLogin

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Watch-DbaDbLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver -SqlCms SqlCms1

        A list of all database instances within the Central Management Server SqlCms1 is generated. Using this list, the script enumerates all the processes and gathers login information and saves it to the table Dblogins in the DatabaseLogins database on SQL Server sqlserver.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Watch-DbaDbLogin -SqlInstance sqlcluster -Database CentralAudit -ServersFromFile .\sqlservers.txt

        A list of servers is gathered from the file sqlservers.txt in the current directory. Using this list, the script enumerates all the processes and gathers login information and saves it to the table Dblogins in the CentralAudit database on SQL Server sqlcluster.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Watch-DbaDbLogin -SqlInstance sqlserver -SqlCms SqlCms1 -SqlCredential $cred

        A list of servers is generated using database instance names within the SQL2014Clusters group on the Central Management Server SqlCms1. Using this list, the script enumerates all the processes and gathers login information and saves it to the table Dblogins in the DatabaseLogins database on sqlserver.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstance]$SqlInstance,
        [object]$Database,
        [string]$Table = "DbaTools-WatchDbLogins",
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,

        # Central Management Server
        [string]$SqlCms,

        # File with one server per line
        [string]$ServersFromFile,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException
    )

    process {
        if (Test-Bound 'SqlCms', 'ServersFromFile' -Not) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a server list source using -SqlCms or -ServersFromFile"
            return
        }

        try {
            $serverDest = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
        }

        $systemdbs = "master", "msdb", "model", "tempdb"
        $excludedPrograms = "Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio - Query", "SQL Management"

        <#
            Get servers to query from Central Management Server or File
        #>
        if ($SqlCms) {
            try {
                $servers = Get-DbaCmsRegServerName -SqlInstance $SqlCms -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -EnableException
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "The CMS server, $SqlCms, was not accessible." -Target $SqlCms -ErrorRecord $_
                return
            }
        }
        if (Test-Bound 'ServersFromFile') {
            if (Test-Path $ServersFromFile) {
                $servers = Get-Content $ServersFromFile
            } else {
                Stop-Function -Message "$ServersFromFile was not found." -Target $ServersFromFile
                return
            }
        }

        <#
            Process each server
        #>
        foreach ($instance in $servers) {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue
            }

            if (!(Test-SqlSa $server)) {
                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Not a sysadmin on $instance, resultset would be underwhelming. Skipping.";
                continue
            }

            $sql = "
            SELECT
                s.login_time AS [LoginTime]
                , s.login_name AS [Login]
                , ISNULL(s.host_name,N'') AS [Host]
                , ISNULL(s.program_name,N'') AS [Program]
                , ISNULL(r.database_id,N'') AS [DatabaseId]
                , ISNULL(DB_NAME(r.database_id),N'') AS [Database]
                , CAST(~s.is_user_process AS bit) AS [IsSystem]
                , CaptureTime = (SELECT GETDATE())
            FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions AS s
            LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.dm_exec_requests AS r
                ON r.session_id = s.session_id"
            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

            $procs = $server.Query($sql) | Where-Object { $_.Host -ne $instance.ComputerName -and ![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($_.Host) }
            $procs = $procs | Where-Object { $systemdbs -notcontains $_.Database -and $excludedPrograms -notcontains $_.Program }

            if ($procs.Count -gt 0) {
                $procs | Select-Object @{Label = "ComputerName"; Expression = {$server.ComputerName}}, @{Label = "InstanceName"; Expression = {$server.ServiceName}}, @{Label = "SqlInstance"; Expression = {$server.DomainInstanceName}}, LoginTime, Login, Host, Program, DatabaseId, Database, IsSystem, CaptureTime | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable | Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance $serverDest -Database $Database -Table $Table -AutoCreateTable

                Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Added process information for $instance to datatable."
            } else {
                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No data returned for $instance."
            }
        }
    }
    end {
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Watch-SqlDbLogin
    }
}
function Watch-DbaUpdate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Just for fun - checks the PowerShell Gallery every 1 hour for updates to dbatools. Notifies once per release.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Just for fun - checks the PowerShell Gallery every 1 hour for updates to dbatools. Notifies once max per release.

        Anyone know how to make it clickable so that it opens an URL?

    .NOTES
        Tags: JustForFun, Module
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Watch-DbaUpdate

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Watch-DbaUpdate

        Watches the gallery for updates to dbatools.

    #>
    [cmdletbinding()]
    param()
    process {
        if (([Environment]::OSVersion).Version.Major -lt 10) {
            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "This command only supports Windows 10 and higher."
            return
        }

        if ($null -eq (Get-ScheduledTask -TaskName "dbatools version check" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
            Install-DbaWatchUpdate
        }

        # leave this in for the scheduled task
        $module = Get-Module -Name dbatools

        if (-not $module) {
            Import-Module dbatools
            $module = Get-Module -Name dbatools
        }

        $galleryVersion = (Find-Module -Name dbatools -Repository PSGallery).Version
        $localVersion = $module.Version

        if ($galleryVersion -le $localVersion) { return }

        $file = "$env:LOCALAPPDATA\dbatools\watchupdate.xml"

        $new = [PSCustomObject]@{
            NotifyVersion = $galleryVersion
        }

        # now that notifications stay until they are checked, we just have to keep
        # track of the last version we notified about

        if (Test-Path $file) {
            $old = Import-Clixml -Path $file -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

            if ($galleryVersion -gt $old.NotifyVersion) {
                Export-Clixml -InputObject $new -Path $file
                Show-Notification -GalleryVersion $galleryVersion
            }
        } else {
            $directory = Split-Path $file

            if (!(Test-Path $directory)) {
                $null = New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $directory
            }

            Export-Clixml -InputObject $new -Path $file
            Show-Notification -GalleryVersion $galleryVersion
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Watch-DbaXESession {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Watch live XEvent Data as it happens

    .DESCRIPTION
        Watch live XEvent Data as it happens. This command runs until you stop the session, kill the PowerShell session, or Ctrl-C.

        Thanks to Dave Mason (@BeginTry) for some straightforward code samples https://itsalljustelectrons.blogspot.be/2017/01/SQL-Server-Extended-Event-Handling-Via-Powershell.html

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances. You must have sysadmin access and server version must be SQL Server version 2008 or higher.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Session
        Only return a specific session. Options for this parameter are auto-populated from the server.

    .PARAMETER Raw
        If this switch is enabled, the Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.QueryableXEventData enumeration object is returned.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Accepts an XESession object returned by Get-DbaXESession.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES
        Tags: ExtendedEvent, XE, XEvent
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Watch-DbaXESession

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Watch-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session system_health

        Shows events for the system_health session as it happens.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Watch-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session system_health | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation -Path C:\temp\system_health.csv

        Exports live events to CSV. Ctrl-C may not not cancel out of it - fastest way is to stop the session.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance sql2017 -Session system_health | Start-DbaXESession | Watch-DbaXESession | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation -Path C:\temp\system_health.csv

        Exports live events to CSV. Ctrl-C may not not cancel out of this. The fastest way to do so is to stop the session.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default")]
    param (
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "instance", Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [string]$Session,
        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "piped", Mandatory)]
        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.Session]$InputObject,
        [switch]$Raw,
        [switch][Alias('Silent')]
        $EnableException
    )
    process {
        if (-not $SqlInstance) {

        } else {
            try {
                $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 11
            } catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
            }
            $SqlConn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject
            $SqlStoreConnection = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Sdk.Sfc.SqlStoreConnection $SqlConn
            $XEStore = New-Object  Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.XEvent.XEStore $SqlStoreConnection
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting XEvents Sessions on $SqlInstance."
            $InputObject += $XEStore.sessions | Where-Object Name -eq $Session
        }

        foreach ($xesession in $InputObject) {
            $server = $xesession.Parent
            $sessionname = $xesession.Name
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Watching $sessionname on $($server.Name)."

            if (-not $xesession.IsRunning -and -not $xesession.IsRunning) {
                Stop-Function -Message "$($xesession.Name) is not running on $($server.Name)" -Continue
            }

            # Setup all columns for csv but do it in an order
            $columns = @("name", "timestamp")
            $newcolumns = @()

            $fields = ($xesession.Events.EventFields.Name | Select-Object -Unique)
            foreach ($column in $fields) {
                $newcolumns += $column.TrimStart("collect_")
            }

            $actions = ($xesession.Events.Actions.Name | Select-Object -Unique)
            foreach ($action in $actions) {
                $newcolumns += ($action -Split '\.')[-1]
            }

            $newcolumns = $newcolumns | Sort-Object
            $columns = ($columns += $newcolumns) | Select-Object -Unique

            try {
                $xevent = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.QueryableXEventData(
                    ($server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString),
                    ($xesession.Name),
                    [Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.EventStreamSourceOptions]::EventStream,
                    [Microsoft.SqlServer.XEvent.Linq.EventStreamCacheOptions]::DoNotCache
                )

                if ($raw) {
                    return $xevent
                }

                # Format output
                foreach ($event in $xevent) {
                    $hash = [ordered]@{}

                    foreach ($column in $columns) {
                        $null = $hash.Add($column, $event.$column) # this basically adds name and timestamp then nulls
                    }

                    foreach ($action in $event.Actions) {
                        $hash[$action.Name] = $action.Value
                    }

                    foreach ($field in $event.Fields) {
                        $hash[$field.Name] = $field.Value
                    }

                    [PSCustomObject]($hash)
                }
            } catch {
                Start-Sleep 1
                $status = Get-DbaXESession -SqlInstance $server -Session $sessionname
                if ($status.Status -ne "Running") {
                    Stop-Function -Message "$($xesession.Name) was stopped."
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $sessionname
                }
            } finally {
                if ($xevent -is [IDisposable]) {
                    $xevent.Dispose()
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle#
function Write-DbaDataTable {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Writes data to a SQL Server Table.

    .DESCRIPTION
        Writes a .NET DataTable to a SQL Server table using SQL Bulk Copy.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance
        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential
        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential)

    .PARAMETER Database
        The database to import the table into.

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        This is the DataTable (or data row) to import to SQL Server.

    .PARAMETER Table
        The table name to import data into. You can specify a one, two, or three part table name. If you specify a one or two part name, you must also use -Database.

        If the table does not exist, you can use -AutoCreateTable to automatically create the table with inefficient data types.

        If the object has special characters please wrap them in square brackets [ ].
        Using dbo.First.Table will try to import to a table named 'Table' on schema 'First' and database 'dbo'.
        The correct way to import to a table named 'First.Table' on schema 'dbo' is by passing dbo.[First.Table]
        Any actual usage of the ] must be escaped by duplicating the ] character.
        The correct way to import to a table Name] in schema Schema.Name is by passing [Schema.Name].[Name]]]

    .PARAMETER Schema
        Defaults to dbo if no schema is specified.

    .PARAMETER BatchSize
        The BatchSize for the import defaults to 5000.

    .PARAMETER NotifyAfter
        Sets the option to show the notification after so many rows of import

    .PARAMETER AutoCreateTable
        If this switch is enabled, the table will be created if it does not already exist. The table will be created with sub-optimal data types such as nvarchar(max)

    .PARAMETER NoTableLock
        If this switch is enabled, a table lock (TABLOCK) will not be placed on the destination table. By default, this operation will lock the destination table while running.

    .PARAMETER CheckConstraints
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to process check constraints will be enabled.

        Per Microsoft "Check constraints while data is being inserted. By default, constraints are not checked."

    .PARAMETER FireTriggers
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to fire insert triggers will be enabled.

        Per Microsoft "When specified, cause the server to fire the insert triggers for the rows being inserted into the Database."

    .PARAMETER KeepIdentity
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to preserve source identity values will be enabled.

        Per Microsoft "Preserve source identity values. When not specified, identity values are assigned by the destination."

    .PARAMETER KeepNulls
        If this switch is enabled, the SqlBulkCopy option to preserve NULL values will be enabled.

        Per Microsoft "Preserve null values in the destination table regardless of the settings for default values. When not specified, null values are replaced by default values where applicable."

    .PARAMETER Truncate
        If this switch is enabled, the destination table will be truncated after prompting for confirmation.

    .PARAMETER BulkCopyTimeOut
        Value in seconds for the BulkCopy operations timeout. The default is 30 seconds.

    .PARAMETER RegularUser
        Deprecated - now all connections are regular user (don't require admin)

    .PARAMETER WhatIf
        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm
        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException
        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .PARAMETER UseDynamicStringLength
        By default, all string columns will be NVARCHAR(MAX).
        If this switch is enabled, all columns will get the length specified by the column's MaxLength property (if specified)

    .NOTES
        Tags: DataTable, Insert
        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io
        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT
        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK
        https://dbatools.io/Write-DbaDataTable

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $DataTable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv
        PS C:\> Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance sql2014 -InputObject $DataTable -Table mydb.dbo.customers

        Performs a bulk insert of all the data in customers.csv into database mydb, schema dbo, table customers. A progress bar will be shown as rows are inserted. If the destination table does not exist, the import will be halted.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $DataTable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv
        PS C:\> $DataTable | Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance sql2014 -Table mydb.dbo.customers

        Performs a row by row insert of the data in customers.csv. This is significantly slower than a bulk insert and will not show a progress bar.
        This method is not recommended. Use -InputObject instead.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $DataTable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv
        PS C:\> Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance sql2014 -InputObject $DataTable -Table mydb.dbo.customers -AutoCreateTable -Confirm

        Performs a bulk insert of all the data in customers.csv. If mydb.dbo.customers does not exist, it will be created with inefficient but forgiving DataTypes.

        Prompts for confirmation before a variety of steps.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $DataTable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv
        PS C:\> Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance sql2014 -InputObject $DataTable -Table mydb.dbo.customers -Truncate

        Performs a bulk insert of all the data in customers.csv. Prior to importing into mydb.dbo.customers, the user is informed that the table will be truncated and asks for confirmation. The user is prompted again to perform the import.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $DataTable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv
        PS C:\> Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance sql2014 -InputObject $DataTable -Database mydb -Table customers -KeepNulls

        Performs a bulk insert of all the data in customers.csv into mydb.dbo.customers. Because Schema was not specified, dbo was used. NULL values in the destination table will be preserved.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $passwd = ConvertTo-SecureString "P@ssw0rd" -AsPlainText -Force
        PS C:\> $AzureCredential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential("AzureAccount"),$passwd)
        PS C:\> $DataTable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv
        PS C:\> Write-DbaDataTable -SqlInstance AzureDB.database.windows.net -InputObject $DataTable -Database mydb -Table customers -KeepNulls -Credential $AzureCredential -BulkCopyTimeOut 300

        This performs the same operation as the previous example, but against a SQL Azure Database instance using the required credentials.

    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> $process = Get-Process
        PS C:\> Write-DbaDataTable -InputObject $process -SqlInstance sql2014 -Table "[[DbName]]].[Schema.With.Dots].[`"[Process]]`"]" -AutoCreateTable

        Creates a table based on the Process object with over 60 columns, converted from PowerShell data types to SQL Server data types. After the table is created a bulk insert is performed to add process information into the table
        Writes the results of Get-Process to a table named: "[Process]" in schema named: Schema.With.Dots in database named: [DbName]
        The Table name, Schema name and Database name must be wrapped in square brackets [ ]
        Special charcters like " must be escaped by a ` charcter.
        In addition any actual instance of the ] character must be escaped by being duplicated.

        This is an example of the type conversion in action. All process properties are converted, including special types like TimeSpan. Script properties are resolved before the type conversion starts thanks to ConvertTo-DbaDataTable.

    #>
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Low")]
    param (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory)]
        [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance,
        [Parameter(Position = 1)]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [Alias("Credential")]
        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,
        [Parameter(Position = 2)]
        [object]$Database,
        [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
        [Alias("DataTable")]
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [object]$InputObject,
        [Parameter(Position = 3, Mandatory)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$Table,
        [Parameter(Position = 4)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]$Schema = 'dbo',
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [int]$BatchSize = 50000,
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [int]$NotifyAfter = 5000,
        [switch]$AutoCreateTable,
        [switch]$NoTableLock,
        [switch]$CheckConstraints,
        [switch]$FireTriggers,
        [switch]$KeepIdentity,
        [switch]$KeepNulls,
        [switch]$Truncate,
        [ValidateNotNull()]
        [int]$bulkCopyTimeOut = 5000,
        [switch]$RegularUser,
        [Alias('Silent')]
        [switch]$EnableException,
        [switch]$UseDynamicStringLength
    )

    begin {
        # Null variable to make sure upper-scope variables don't interfere later
        $steppablePipeline = $null

        #region Utility Functions
        function Invoke-BulkCopy {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Copies a datatable in bulk over to a table.

            .DESCRIPTION
                Copies a datatable in bulk over to a table.

            .PARAMETER DataTable
                The datatable to copy.

            .PARAMETER SqlInstance
                Needs not be specified. The SqlInstance targeted. For message purposes only.

            .PARAMETER Fqtn
                Needs not be specified. The fqtn written to. For message purposes only.

            .PARAMETER BulkCopy
                Needs not be specified. The bulk copy object used to perform the copy operation.
        #>
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $DataTable,
                [DbaInstance]$SqlInstance = $SqlInstance,
                [string]$Fqtn = $fqtn,
                $BulkCopy = $bulkCopy
            )
            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Importing in bulk to $fqtn"

            $rowCount = $DataTable.Rows.Count
            if ($rowCount -eq 0) {
                $rowCount = 1
            }

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Writing $rowCount rows to $Fqtn")) {
                $bulkCopy.WriteToServer($DataTable)
                if ($rowCount -is [int]) {
                    Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting $rowCount rows" -status "Complete" -Completed
                }
            }
        }

        function New-Table {
            <#
            .SYNOPSIS
                Creates a table, based upon a DataTable.

            .DESCRIPTION
                Creates a table, based upon a DataTable.

            .PARAMETER DataTable
                The DataTable to base the table structure upon.

            .PARAMETER PStoSQLTypes
                Automatically inherits from parent.

            .PARAMETER SqlInstance
                Automatically inherits from parent.

            .PARAMETER Fqtn
                Automatically inherits from parent.

            .PARAMETER Server
                Automatically inherits from parent.

            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
                Automatically inherits from parent.

            .PARAMETER EnableException
                By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.
                This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.
                Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

            .PARAMETER UseDynamicStringLength
                Automatically inherits from parent.
        #>
            [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
            param (
                $DataTable,
                $PStoSQLTypes = $PStoSQLTypes,
                $SqlInstance = $SqlInstance,
                $Fqtn = $fqtn,
                $Server = $server,
                $DatabaseName = $databaseName,
                [switch]$EnableException
            )

            Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating table for $fqtn"

            # Get SQL datatypes by best guess on first data row
            $sqlDataTypes = @();
            $columns = $DataTable.Columns

            if ($null -eq $columns) {
                $columns = $DataTable.Table.Columns
            }

            foreach ($column in $columns) {
                $sqlColumnName = $column.ColumnName

                try {
                    $columnValue = $DataTable.Rows[0].$sqlColumnName
                } catch {
                    $columnValue = $DataTable.$sqlColumnName
                }

                if ($null -eq $columnValue) {
                    $columnValue = $DataTable.$sqlColumnName
                }

                <#
                PS to SQL type conversion
                If data type exists in hash table, use the corresponding SQL type
                Else, fallback to nvarchar.
                If UseDynamicStringLength is specified, the DataColumn MaxLength is used if specified
            #>
                if ($PStoSQLTypes.Keys -contains $column.DataType) {
                    $sqlDataType = $PStoSQLTypes[$($column.DataType.toString())]
                    if ($UseDynamicStringLength -and $column.MaxLength -gt 0 -and ($column.DataType -in ("String", "System.String"))) {
                        $sqlDataType = $sqlDataType.Replace("(MAX)", "($($column.MaxLength))")
                    }
                } else {
                    $sqlDataType = "nvarchar(MAX)"
                }

                $sqlDataTypes += "[$sqlColumnName] $sqlDataType"
            }

            $sql = "BEGIN CREATE TABLE $fqtn ($($sqlDataTypes -join ' NULL,')) END"

            Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql

            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Creating table $Fqtn")) {
                try {
                    $null = $Server.Databases[$DatabaseName].Query($sql)
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The following query failed: $sql" -ErrorRecord $_
                    return
                }
            }
        }

        #endregion Utility Functions

        #region Prepare type for bulk copy
        if (-not $Truncate) { $ConfirmPreference = "None" }

        # Getting the total rows copied is a challenge. Use SqlBulkCopyExtension.
        # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1188384/sqlbulkcopy-row-count-when-complete

        $sourcecode = 'namespace System.Data.SqlClient {
            using Reflection;

            public static class SqlBulkCopyExtension
            {
                const String _rowsCopiedFieldName = "_rowsCopied";
                static FieldInfo _rowsCopiedField = null;

                public static int RowsCopiedCount(this SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy)
                {
                    if (_rowsCopiedField == null) _rowsCopiedField = typeof(SqlBulkCopy).GetField(_rowsCopiedFieldName, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.Instance);
                    return (int)_rowsCopiedField.GetValue(bulkCopy);
                }
            }
        }'
        # Load the basics
        if (-not $script:core) {
            try {
                Add-Type -ReferencedAssemblies System.Data.dll -TypeDefinition $sourcecode -ErrorAction Stop
            } catch {
                $null = 1
            }
        }
        #endregion Prepare type for bulk copy

        #region Resolve Full Qualified Table Name
        $fqtnObj = Get-TableNameParts $Table

        if ($fqtnObj.$parsed) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Unable to parse $($fqtnObj.InputValue) as a valid tablename."
            return
        }

        if ($null -eq $fqtnObj.Database -and $null -eq $Database) {
            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a database or fully qualified table name."
            return
        }

        if (Test-Bound -ParameterName Database) {
            if ($null -eq $fqtnObj.Database) {
                $databaseName = "$Database"
            } else {
                if ($fqtnObj.Database -eq $Database) {
                    $databaseName = "$Database"
                } else {
                    Stop-Function -Message "The database parameter $($Database) differs from value from the fully qualified table name $($fqtnObj.Database)."
                    return
                }
            }
        } else {
            $databaseName = $fqtnObj.Database
        }

        if ($fqtnObj.Schema) {
            $schemaName = $fqtnObj.Schema
        } else {
            $schemaName = $Schema
        }

        $tableName = $fqtnObj.Table

        $quotedFQTN = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder

        [void]$quotedFQTN.Append( '[' )
        if ($databaseName.Contains(']')) {
            [void]$quotedFQTN.Append( $databaseName.Replace(']', ']]') )
        } else {
            [void]$quotedFQTN.Append( $databaseName )
        }
        [void]$quotedFQTN.Append( '].' )

        [void]$quotedFQTN.Append( '[' )
        if ($schemaName.Contains(']')) {
            [void]$quotedFQTN.Append( $schemaName.Replace(']', ']]') )
        } else {
            [void]$quotedFQTN.Append( $schemaName )
        }
        [void]$quotedFQTN.Append( '].' )

        [void]$quotedFQTN.Append( '[' )
        if ($tableName.Contains(']')) {
            [void]$quotedFQTN.Append( $tableName.Replace(']', ']]') )
        } else {
            [void]$quotedFQTN.Append( $tableName )
        }
        [void]$quotedFQTN.Append( ']' )

        $fqtn = $quotedFQTN.ToString()
        Write-Message -Level SomewhatVerbose -Message "FQTN processed: $fqtn"
        #endregion Resolve Full Qualified Table Name

        #region Connect to server and get database
        try {
            $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        if ($server.ServerType -eq 'SqlAzureDatabase') {
            <#
                For some reasons SMO wants an initial pull when talking to Azure Sql DB
                This will throw and be caught, and then we can continue as normal.
            #>
            try {
                $null = $server.Databases
            } catch {
                # here to avoid an empty catch
                $null = 1
            }
        }
        $databaseObject = $server.Databases[$databaseName]
        #endregion Connect to server and get database

        #region Prepare database and bulk operations
        if ($null -eq $databaseObject) {
            Stop-Function -Message "$databaseName does not exist." -Target $SqlInstance
            return
        }

        $databaseObject.Tables.Refresh()
        if ($schemaName -notin $databaseObject.Schemas.Name) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Schema does not exist."
            return
        }

        $tableExists = ($tableName -in $databaseObject.Tables.Name) -and ($databaseObject.Tables.Schema -eq $schemaName)

        if ((-not $tableExists) -and (-not $AutoCreateTable)) {
            Stop-Function -Message "Table does not exist and automatic creation of the table has not been selected. Specify the '-AutoCreateTable'-parameter to generate a suitable table."
            return
        }

        $bulkCopyOptions = 0
        $options = "TableLock", "CheckConstraints", "FireTriggers", "KeepIdentity", "KeepNulls", "Default"

        foreach ($option in $options) {
            $optionValue = Get-Variable $option -ValueOnly -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            if ($option -eq "TableLock" -and (!$NoTableLock)) {
                $optionValue = $true
            }
            if ($optionValue -eq $true) {
                $bulkCopyOptions += $([Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopyOptions]::$option).value__
            }
        }

        if ($Truncate -eq $true) {
            if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Truncating $fqtn")) {
                try {
                    Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Truncating $fqtn."
                    $null = $server.Databases[$databaseName].Query("TRUNCATE TABLE $fqtn")
                } catch {
                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Could not truncate $fqtn. Table may not exist or may have key constraints." -ErrorRecord $_
                }
            }
        }

        $bulkCopy = New-Object Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy("$($server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString);Database=$databaseName", $bulkCopyOptions)
        $bulkCopy.DestinationTableName = $fqtn
        $bulkCopy.BatchSize = $BatchSize
        $bulkCopy.NotifyAfter = $NotifyAfter
        $bulkCopy.BulkCopyTimeOut = $BulkCopyTimeOut

        $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
        # Add RowCount output
        $bulkCopy.Add_SqlRowsCopied( {
                $script:totalRows = $args[1].RowsCopied
                $percent = [int](($script:totalRows / $rowCount) * 100)
                $timeTaken = [math]::Round($elapsed.Elapsed.TotalSeconds, 1)
                Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting $rowCount rows." -PercentComplete $percent -Status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} rows ({1}%) in {2} seconds", $script:totalRows, $percent, $timeTaken))
            })

        $PStoSQLTypes = @{
            #PS datatype      = SQL data type
            'System.Int32'    = 'int';
            'System.UInt32'   = 'bigint';
            'System.Int16'    = 'smallint';
            'System.UInt16'   = 'int';
            'System.Int64'    = 'bigint';
            'System.UInt64'   = 'decimal(20,0)';
            'System.Decimal'  = 'decimal(38,5)';
            'System.Single'   = 'bigint';
            'System.Double'   = 'float';
            'System.Byte'     = 'tinyint';
            'System.SByte'    = 'smallint';
            'System.TimeSpan' = 'nvarchar(30)';
            'System.String'   = 'nvarchar(MAX)';
            'System.Char'     = 'nvarchar(1)'
            'System.DateTime' = 'datetime2';
            'System.Boolean'  = 'bit';
            'System.Guid'     = 'uniqueidentifier';
            'Int32'           = 'int';
            'UInt32'          = 'bigint';
            'Int16'           = 'smallint';
            'UInt16'          = 'int';
            'Int64'           = 'bigint';
            'UInt64'          = 'decimal(20,0)';
            'Decimal'         = 'decimal(38,5)';
            'Single'          = 'bigint';
            'Double'          = 'float';
            'Byte'            = 'tinyint';
            'SByte'           = 'smallint';
            'TimeSpan'        = 'nvarchar(30)';
            'String'          = 'nvarchar(MAX)';
            'Char'            = 'nvarchar(1)'
            'DateTime'        = 'datetime2';
            'Boolean'         = 'bit';
            'Bool'            = 'bit';
            'Guid'            = 'uniqueidentifier';
            'int'             = 'int';
            'long'            = 'bigint';
        }

        $validTypes = @([System.Data.DataSet], [System.Data.DataTable], [System.Data.DataRow], [System.Data.DataRow[]])
        #endregion Prepare database and bulk operations

        #region ConvertTo-DbaDataTable wrapper
        try {
            $wrappedCmd = $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.GetCommand('ConvertTo-DbaDataTable', [System.Management.Automation.CommandTypes]::Function)
            $splatCDDT = @{
                TimeSpanType = (Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName 'commands.write-dbadatatable.timespantype' -Fallback 'TotalMilliseconds')
                SizeType     = (Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName 'commands.write-dbadatatable.sizetype' -Fallback 'Int64')
                IgnoreNull   = (Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName 'commands.write-dbadatatable.ignorenull' -Fallback $false)
                Raw          = (Get-DbatoolsConfigValue -FullName 'commands.write-dbadatatable.raw' -Fallback $false)
            }
            $scriptCmd = { & $wrappedCmd @splatCDDT }
            $steppablePipeline = $scriptCmd.GetSteppablePipeline()
            $steppablePipeline.Begin($true)
        } catch {
            Stop-Function -Message "Failed to initialize "
        }
        #endregion ConvertTo-DbaDataTable wrapper
    }
    process {
        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if ($null -ne $InputObject) { $inputType = $InputObject.GetType() }
        else { $inputType = $null }

        if ($inputType -eq [System.Data.DataSet]) {
            $inputData = $InputObject.Tables
            $inputType = [System.Data.DataTable[]]
        } else {
            $inputData = $InputObject
        }

        #region Scenario 1: Single valid table
        if ($inputType -in $validTypes) {
            if (-not $tableExists) {
                try {
                    New-Table -DataTable $InputObject -EnableException
                    $tableExists = $true
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create table $fqtn" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
                    return
                }
            }

            try { Invoke-BulkCopy -DataTable $InputObject }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to bulk import to $fqtn" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
            }
            return
        }
        #endregion Scenario 1: Single valid table

        foreach ($object in $inputData) {
            #region Scenario 2: Multiple valid tables
            if ($object.GetType() -in $validTypes) {
                if (-not $tableExists) {
                    try {
                        New-Table -DataTable $object -EnableException
                        $tableExists = $true
                    } catch {
                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create table $fqtn" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
                        return
                    }
                }

                try { Invoke-BulkCopy -DataTable $object }
                catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to bulk import to $fqtn" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance -Continue
                }
                continue
            }
            #endregion Scenario 2: Multiple valid tables

            #region Scenario 3: Invalid data types
            else {
                $null = $steppablePipeline.Process($object)
                continue
            }
            #endregion Scenario 3: Invalid data types
        }
    }
    end {
        #region ConvertTo-DbaDataTable wrapper
        if ($null -ne $steppablePipeline) {
            $dataTable = $steppablePipeline.End()

            if (-not $tableExists) {
                try {
                    New-Table -DataTable $dataTable[0] -EnableException
                    $tableExists = $true
                } catch {
                    Stop-Function -Message "Failed to create table $fqtn" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
                    return
                }
            }

            try { Invoke-BulkCopy -DataTable $dataTable[0] }
            catch {
                Stop-Function -Message "Failed to bulk import to $fqtn" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SqlInstance
            }
        }
        #endregion ConvertTo-DbaDataTable wrapper

        if ($bulkCopy) {
            $bulkCopy.Close()
            $bulkCopy.Dispose()
        }
        Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn 1.0.0 -Parameter RegularUser
    }
}
function Read-DbatoolsConfigFile
{
<#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Reads a configuration file and parses it.
    
    .DESCRIPTION
        Reads a configuration file and parses it.
    
    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to the file to parse.
    
    .PARAMETER WebLink
        The link to a website to download straight as raw json.
    
    .PARAMETER RawJson
        Raw json data to interpret.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Read-DbatoolsConfigFile -Path config.json
    
        Reads the config.json file and returns interpreted configuration objects.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'Path')]
        [string]
        $Path,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'Weblink')]
        [string]
        $Weblink,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ParameterSetName = 'RawJson')]
        [string]
        $RawJson
    )
    
    #region Utility Function
    function New-ConfigItem
    {
        [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
        [CmdletBinding()]
        param (
            $FullName,
            
            $Value,
            
            $Type,
            
            [switch]
            $KeepPersisted,
            
            [switch]
            $Enforced,
            
            [switch]
            $Policy
        )
        
        [pscustomobject]@{
            FullName        = $FullName
            Value            = $Value
            Type            = $Type
            KeepPersisted   = $KeepPersisted
            Enforced        = $Enforced
            Policy            = $Policy
        }
    }
    
    function Get-WebContent
    {
        [CmdletBinding()]
        param (
            [string]
            $WebLink
        )
        
        $webClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
        $webClient.Encoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8
        $webClient.DownloadString($WebLink)
    }
    #endregion Utility Function
    
    if ($Path)
    {
        if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) { return }
        $data = Get-Content -Path $Path -Encoding UTF8 | ConvertFrom-Json -ErrorAction Stop
    }
    if ($Weblink)
    {
        $data = Get-WebContent -WebLink $Weblink | ConvertFrom-Json -ErrorAction Stop
    }
    if ($RawJson)
    {
        $data = $RawJson | ConvertFrom-Json -ErrorAction Stop
    }
    
    foreach ($item in $data)
    {
        #region No Version
        if (-not $item.Version)
        {
            New-ConfigItem -FullName $item.FullName -Value ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::ConvertFromPersistedValue($item.Value, $item.Type))
        }
        #endregion No Version
        
        #region Version One
        if ($item.Version -eq 1)
        {
            if ((-not $item.Style) -or ($item.Style -eq "Simple")) { New-ConfigItem -FullName $item.FullName -Value $item.Data }
            else
            {
                if (($item.Type -eq "Object") -or ($item.Type -eq 12))
                {
                    New-ConfigItem -FullName $item.FullName -Value $item.Value -Type "Object" -KeepPersisted
                }
                else
                {
                    New-ConfigItem -FullName $item.FullName -Value ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::ConvertFromPersistedValue($item.Value, $item.Type))
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion Version One
    }
}
function Read-DbatoolsConfigPersisted
{
<#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Reads configurations from persisted file / registry.
    
    .DESCRIPTION
        Reads configurations from persisted file / registry.
    
    .PARAMETER Scope
        Where to read from.
    
    .PARAMETER Module
        Load module specific data.
        Use this to load on-demand configuration only when the module is imported.
        Useful when using the config system as cache.
    
    .PARAMETER ModuleVersion
        The configuration version of the module-settings to load.
    
    .PARAMETER Hashtable
        Rather than returning results, insert them into this hashtable.
    
    .PARAMETER Default
        When inserting into a hashtable, existing values are overwritten by default.
        Enabling this setting will cause it to only insert values if the key does not exist yet.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        Read-DbatoolsConfigPersisted -Scope 127
    
        Read all persisted default configuration items in the default mandated order.
#>
    [OutputType([System.Collections.Hashtable])]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigScope]
        $Scope,
        
        [string]
        $Module,
        
        [int]
        $ModuleVersion = 1,
        
        [System.Collections.Hashtable]
        $Hashtable,
        
        [switch]
        $Default
    )
    
    begin
    {
        #region Helper Functions
        function New-ConfigItem
        {
            [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseShouldProcessForStateChangingFunctions", "")]
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $FullName,
                
                $Value,
                
                $Type,
                
                [switch]
                $KeepPersisted,
                
                [switch]
                $Enforced,
                
                [switch]
                $Policy
            )
            
            [pscustomobject]@{
                FullName      = $FullName
                Value         = $Value
                Type          = $Type
                KeepPersisted = $KeepPersisted
                Enforced      = $Enforced
                Policy        = $Policy
            }
        }
        
        function Read-Registry
        {
            [CmdletBinding()]
            param (
                $Path,
                
                [switch]
                $Enforced
            )
            
            if (-not (Test-Path $Path)) { return }
            
            $common = 'PSPath', 'PSParentPath', 'PSChildName', 'PSDrive', 'PSProvider'
            
            foreach ($item in ((Get-ItemProperty -Path $Path -ErrorAction Ignore).PSObject.Properties | Where-Object Name -NotIn $common))
            {
                if ($item.Value -like "Object:*")
                {
                    $data = $item.Value.Split(":", 2)
                    New-ConfigItem -FullName $item.Name -Type $data[0] -Value $data[1] -KeepPersisted -Enforced:$Enforced -Policy
                }
                else
                {
                    try { New-ConfigItem -FullName $item.Name -Value ([Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::ConvertFromPersistedValue($item.Value)) -Policy }
                    catch
                    {
                        Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Failed to load configuration from Registry: $($item.Name)" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target "$Path : $($item.Name)"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion Helper Functions
        
        if (-not $Hashtable) { $results = @{ } }
        else { $results = $Hashtable }
        
        if ($Module) { $filename = "$($Module.ToLower())-$($ModuleVersion).json" }
        else { $filename = "psf_config.json" }
    }
    process
    {
        #region File - Computer Wide
        if ($Scope -band 64)
        {
            foreach ($item in (Read-DbatoolsConfigFile -Path (Join-Path $script:path_FileSystem $filename)))
            {
                if (-not $Default) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
                elseif (-not $results.ContainsKey($item.FullName)) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
            }
        }
        #endregion File - Computer Wide
        
        #region Registry - Computer Wide
        if (($Scope -band 4) -and (-not $script:NoRegistry))
        {
            foreach ($item in (Read-Registry -Path $script:path_RegistryMachineDefault))
            {
                if (-not $Default) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
                elseif (-not $results.ContainsKey($item.FullName)) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
            }
        }
        #endregion Registry - Computer Wide
        
        #region File - User Shared
        if ($Scope -band 32)
        {
            foreach ($item in (Read-DbatoolsConfigFile -Path (Join-Path $script:path_FileUserShared $filename)))
            {
                if (-not $Default) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
                elseif (-not $results.ContainsKey($item.FullName)) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
            }
        }
        #endregion File - User Shared
        
        #region Registry - User Shared
        if (($Scope -band 1) -and (-not $script:NoRegistry))
        {
            foreach ($item in (Read-Registry -Path $script:path_RegistryUserDefault))
            {
                if (-not $Default) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
                elseif (-not $results.ContainsKey($item.FullName)) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
            }
        }
        #endregion Registry - User Shared
        
        #region File - User Local
        if ($Scope -band 16)
        {
            foreach ($item in (Read-DbatoolsConfigFile -Path (Join-Path $script:path_FileUserLocal $filename)))
            {
                if (-not $Default) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
                elseif (-not $results.ContainsKey($item.FullName)) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
            }
        }
        #endregion File - User Local
        
        #region Registry - User Enforced
        if (($Scope -band 2) -and (-not $script:NoRegistry))
        {
            foreach ($item in (Read-Registry -Path $script:path_RegistryUserEnforced -Enforced))
            {
                if (-not $Default) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
                elseif (-not $results.ContainsKey($item.FullName)) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
            }
        }
        #endregion Registry - User Enforced
        
        #region Registry - System Enforced
        if (($Scope -band 8) -and (-not $script:NoRegistry))
        {
            foreach ($item in (Read-Registry -Path $script:path_RegistryMachineEnforced -Enforced))
            {
                if (-not $Default) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
                elseif (-not $results.ContainsKey($item.FullName)) { $results[$item.FullName] = $item }
            }
        }
        #endregion Registry - System Enforced
    }
    end
    {
        $results
    }
}
function Register-DbatoolsConfigValidation {
    <#
        .SYNOPSIS
            Registers a validation scriptblock for use with the configuration system.

        .DESCRIPTION
            Registers a validation scriptblock for use with the configuration system.

            The scriptblock must be designed according to a few guidelines:
            - It must not throw exceptions
            - It must accept a single parameter (the value to be tested)
            - It must return an object with three properties: 'Message', 'Value' and 'Success'.
            The Success property should be boolean and indicate whether the value is valid.
            The Value property contains the validated input. The scriptblock may legally convert the input (For example from string to int in case of integer validation)
            The message contains a string that will be passed along to an exception in case the input is NOT valid.

        .PARAMETER Name
            The name under which to register the validation scriptblock

        .PARAMETER ScriptBlock
            The scriptblock to register

        .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Register-DbatoolsConfigValidation -Name IntPositive -ScriptBlock $scriptblock

            Registers the scriptblock stored in $scriptblock as validation with the name IntPositive
       #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]
        $Name,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ScriptBlock]
        $ScriptBlock
    )

    [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::Validation[$Name.ToLower()] = $ScriptBlock
}
function Write-DbatoolsConfigFile
{
<#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Handles config export to file.
    
    .DESCRIPTION
        Handles config export to file.
    
    .PARAMETER Config
        The configuration items to export.
    
    .PARAMETER Path
        The path to export to.
        Needs to point to the specific file to export to.
        Will create the folder structure if needed.
    
    .PARAMETER Replace
        Completely replaces previous file contents.
        By default, it will integrate settings into one coherent configuration file.
    
    .EXAMPLE
        PS C:\> Write-DbatoolsConfigFile -Config $items -Path .\file.json
    
        Exports all settings stored in $items to .\file.json.
        If the file already exists, the new settings will be merged into the existing file.
#>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.Config[]]
        $Config,
        
        [string]
        $Path,
        
        [switch]
        $Replace
    )
    
    begin
    {
        $parent = Split-Path -Path $Path
        if (-not (Test-Path $parent))
        {
            $null = New-Item $parent -ItemType Directory -Force
        }
        
        $data = @{ }
        if ((Test-Path $Path) -and (-not $Replace))
        {
            foreach ($item in (Get-Content -Path $Path -Encoding UTF8 | ConvertFrom-Json))
            {
                $data[$item.FullName] = $item
            }
        }
    }
    process
    {
        foreach ($item in $Config)
        {
            $datum = @{
                Version  = 1
                FullName = $item.FullName
            }
            if ($item.SimpleExport)
            {
                $datum["Data"] = $item.Value
            }
            else
            {
                $persisted = [Sqlcollaborative.Dbatools.Configuration.ConfigurationHost]::ConvertToPersistedValue($item.Value)
                $datum["Value"] = $persisted.PersistedValue
                $datum["Type"] = $persisted.PersistedType
                $datum["Style"] = "default"
            }
            
            $data[$item.FullName] = [pscustomobject]$datum
        }
    }
    end
    {
        $data.Values | ConvertTo-Json | Set-Content -Path $Path -Encoding UTF8 -ErrorAction Stop
    }
}
function Invoke-Parallel {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Function to control parallel processing using runspaces

    .DESCRIPTION
        Function to control parallel processing using runspaces

            Note that each runspace will not have access to variables and commands loaded in your session or in other runspaces by default.
            This behaviour can be changed with parameters.

    .PARAMETER ScriptFile
        File to run against all input objects.  Must include parameter to take in the input object, or use $args.  Optionally, include parameter to take in parameter.  Example: C:\script.ps1

    .PARAMETER ScriptBlock
        Scriptblock to run against all computers.

        You may use $Using:<Variable> language in PowerShell 3 and later.

            The parameter block is added for you, allowing behaviour similar to foreach-object:
                Refer to the input object as $_.
                Refer to the parameter parameter as $parameter

    .PARAMETER InputObject
        Run script against these specified objects.

    .PARAMETER Parameter
        This object is passed to every script block.  You can use it to pass information to the script block; for example, the path to a logging folder

            Reference this object as $parameter if using the scriptblock parameterset.

    .PARAMETER ImportVariables
        If specified, get user session variables and add them to the initial session state

    .PARAMETER ImportModules
        If specified, get loaded modules and pssnapins, add them to the initial session state

    .PARAMETER Throttle
        Maximum number of threads to run at a single time.

    .PARAMETER SleepTimer
        Milliseconds to sleep after checking for completed runspaces and in a few other spots.  I would not recommend dropping below 200 or increasing above 500

    .PARAMETER RunspaceTimeout
        Maximum time in seconds a single thread can run.  If execution of your code takes longer than this, it is disposed.  Default: 0 (seconds)

        WARNING:  Using this parameter requires that maxQueue be set to throttle (it will be by default) for accurate timing.  Details here:
        http://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/Run-Parallel-Parallel-377fd430

    .PARAMETER NoCloseOnTimeout
        Do not dispose of timed out tasks or attempt to close the runspace if threads have timed out. This will prevent the script from hanging in certain situations where threads become non-responsive, at the expense of leaking memory within the PowerShell host.

    .PARAMETER MaxQueue
        Maximum number of powershell instances to add to runspace pool.  If this is higher than $throttle, $timeout will be inaccurate

        If this is equal or less than throttle, there will be a performance impact

        The default value is $throttle times 3, if $runspaceTimeout is not specified
        The default value is $throttle, if $runspaceTimeout is specified

    .PARAMETER LogFile
        Path to a file where we can log results, including run time for each thread, whether it completes, completes with errors, or times out.

    .PARAMETER AppendLog
        Append to existing log

    .PARAMETER Quiet
        Disable progress bar

    .EXAMPLE
        Each example uses Test-ForPacs.ps1 which includes the following code:
            param($computer)

            if(test-connection $computer -count 1 -quiet -BufferSize 16){
                $object = [pscustomobject] @{
                    Computer=$computer;
                    Available=1;
                    Kodak=$(
                        if((test-path "\\$computer\c$\users\public\desktop\Kodak Direct View Pacs.url") -or (test-path "\\$computer\c$\documents and settings\all users\desktop\Kodak Direct View Pacs.url") ){"1"}else{"0"}
                    )
                }
            }
            else{
                $object = [pscustomobject] @{
                    Computer=$computer;
                    Available=0;
                    Kodak="NA"
                }
            }

            $object

    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-Parallel -scriptfile C:\public\Test-ForPacs.ps1 -inputobject $(get-content C:\pcs.txt) -runspaceTimeout 10 -throttle 10

            Pulls list of PCs from C:\pcs.txt,
            Runs Test-ForPacs against each
            If any query takes longer than 10 seconds, it is disposed
            Only run 10 threads at a time

    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-Parallel -scriptfile C:\public\Test-ForPacs.ps1 -inputobject c-is-ts-91, c-is-ts-95

            Runs against c-is-ts-91, c-is-ts-95 (-computername)
            Runs Test-ForPacs against each

    .EXAMPLE
        $stuff = [pscustomobject] @{
            ContentFile = "windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts"
            Logfile = "C:\temp\log.txt"
        }

        $computers | Invoke-Parallel -parameter $stuff {
            $contentFile = join-path "\\$_\c$" $parameter.contentfile
            Get-Content $contentFile |
                set-content $parameter.logfile
        }

        This example uses the parameter argument.  This parameter is a single object.  To pass multiple items into the script block, we create a custom object (using a PowerShell v3 language) with properties we want to pass in.

        Inside the script block, $parameter is used to reference this parameter object.  This example sets a content file, gets content from that file, and sets it to a predefined log file.

    .EXAMPLE
        $test = 5
        1..2 | Invoke-Parallel -ImportVariables {$_ * $test}

        Add variables from the current session to the session state.  Without -ImportVariables $Test would not be accessible

    .EXAMPLE
        $test = 5
        1..2 | Invoke-Parallel {$_ * $Using:test}

        Reference a variable from the current session with the $Using:<Variable> syntax.  Requires PowerShell 3 or later. Note that -ImportVariables parameter is no longer necessary.

    .FUNCTIONALITY
        PowerShell Language

    .NOTES
        Credit to Boe Prox for the base runspace code and $Using implementation
            http://learn-powershell.net/2012/05/10/speedy-network-information-query-using-powershell/
            http://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Speedy-Network-Information-5b1406fb#content
            https://github.com/proxb/PoshRSJob/

        Credit to T Bryce Yehl for the Quiet and NoCloseOnTimeout implementations

        Credit to Sergei Vorobev for the many ideas and contributions that have improved functionality, reliability, and ease of use

    .LINK
        https://github.com/RamblingCookieMonster/Invoke-Parallel
    #>
    [cmdletbinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'ScriptBlock')]
    param (
        [Parameter(Position = 0, ParameterSetName = 'ScriptBlock')]
        [System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]$ScriptBlock,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'ScriptFile')]
        [ValidateScript( {Test-Path $_ -pathtype leaf})]
        $ScriptFile,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias('CN', '__Server', 'IPAddress', 'Server', 'ComputerName')]
        [PSObject]$InputObject,

        [PSObject]$Parameter,

        [switch]$ImportVariables,
        [switch]$ImportModules,
        [switch]$ImportFunctions,

        [int]$Throttle = 20,
        [int]$SleepTimer = 200,
        [int]$RunspaceTimeout = 0,
        [switch]$NoCloseOnTimeout = $false,
        [int]$MaxQueue,

        [validatescript( {Test-Path (Split-Path $_ -parent)})]
        [switch] $AppendLog = $false,
        [string]$LogFile,

        [switch] $Quiet = $false
    )
    begin {
        # save default runspace
        $defaultrunspace = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.Runspace]::DefaultRunspace
        #No max queue specified?  Estimate one.
        #We use the script scope to resolve an odd PowerShell 2 issue where MaxQueue isn't seen later in the function
        if ( -not $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('MaxQueue') ) {
            if ($RunspaceTimeout -ne 0) { $script:MaxQueue = $Throttle }
            else { $script:MaxQueue = $Throttle * 3 }
        } else {
            $script:MaxQueue = $MaxQueue
        }
        $ProgressId = Get-Random
        Write-Verbose "Throttle: '$throttle' SleepTimer '$sleepTimer' runSpaceTimeout '$runspaceTimeout' maxQueue '$maxQueue' logFile '$logFile'"

        #If they want to import variables or modules, create a clean runspace, get loaded items, use those to exclude items
        if ($ImportVariables -or $ImportModules -or $ImportFunctions) {
            $StandardUserEnv = [powershell]::Create().addscript( {

                    #Get modules, snapins, functions in this clean runspace
                    $Modules = Get-Module | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
                    $Snapins = Get-PSSnapin | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
                    $Functions = Get-ChildItem function:\ | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name

                    #Get variables in this clean runspace
                    #Called last to get vars like $? into session
                    $Variables = Get-Variable | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name

                    #Return a hashtable where we can access each.
                    @{
                        Variables = $Variables
                        Modules   = $Modules
                        Snapins   = $Snapins
                        Functions = $Functions
                    }
                }).invoke()[0]

            if ($ImportVariables) {
                #Exclude common parameters, bound parameters, and automatic variables
                Function _temp {[cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess)] param() }
                $VariablesToExclude = @( (Get-Command _temp | Select-Object -ExpandProperty parameters).Keys + $PSBoundParameters.Keys + $StandardUserEnv.Variables )
                Write-Verbose "Excluding variables $( ($VariablesToExclude | Sort-Object ) -join ", ")"

                # we don't use 'Get-Variable -Exclude', because it uses regexps.
                # One of the veriables that we pass is '$?'.
                # There could be other variables with such problems.
                # Scope 2 required if we move to a real module
                $UserVariables = @( Get-Variable | Where-Object { -not ($VariablesToExclude -contains $_.Name) } )
                Write-Verbose "Found variables to import: $( ($UserVariables | Select-Object -expandproperty Name | Sort-Object ) -join ", " | Out-String).`n"
            }
            if ($ImportModules) {
                $UserModules = @( Get-Module | Where-Object {$StandardUserEnv.Modules -notcontains $_.Name -and (Test-Path $_.Path -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)} | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Path )
                $UserSnapins = @( Get-PSSnapin | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name | Where-Object {$StandardUserEnv.Snapins -notcontains $_ } )
            }
            if ($ImportFunctions) {
                $UserFunctions = @( Get-ChildItem function:\ | Where-Object { $StandardUserEnv.Functions -notcontains $_.Name } )
            }
        }

        #region functions
        Function Get-RunspaceData {
            [cmdletbinding()]
            param( [switch]$Wait )
            #loop through runspaces
            #if $wait is specified, keep looping until all complete
            Do {
                #set more to false for tracking completion
                $more = $false

                #Progress bar if we have inputobject count (bound parameter)
                if (-not $Quiet) {
                    Write-Progress -Id $ProgressId -Activity "Running Query" -Status "Starting threads"`
                        -CurrentOperation "$startedCount threads defined - $totalCount input objects - $script:completedCount input objects processed"`
                        -PercentComplete $( Try { $script:completedCount / $totalCount * 100 } Catch {0} )
                }

                #run through each runspace.
                Foreach ($runspace in $runspaces) {

                    #get the duration - inaccurate
                    $currentdate = Get-Date
                    $runtime = $currentdate - $runspace.startTime
                    $runMin = [math]::Round( $runtime.totalminutes , 2 )

                    #set up log object
                    $log = "" | Select-Object Date, Action, Runtime, Status, Details
                    $log.Action = "Removing:'$($runspace.object)'"
                    $log.Date = $currentdate
                    $log.Runtime = "$runMin minutes"

                    #If runspace completed, end invoke, dispose, recycle, counter++
                    If ($runspace.Runspace.isCompleted) {

                        $script:completedCount++

                        #check if there were errors
                        if ($runspace.powershell.Streams.Error.Count -gt 0) {
                            #set the logging info and move the file to completed
                            $log.status = "CompletedWithErrors"
                            Write-Verbose ($log | ConvertTo-Csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1]
                            foreach ($ErrorRecord in $runspace.powershell.Streams.Error) {
                                Write-Error -ErrorRecord $ErrorRecord
                            }
                        } else {
                            #add logging details and cleanup
                            $log.status = "Completed"
                            Write-Verbose ($log | ConvertTo-Csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1]
                        }

                        #everything is logged, clean up the runspace
                        $runspace.powershell.EndInvoke($runspace.Runspace)
                        $runspace.powershell.dispose()
                        $runspace.Runspace = $null
                        $runspace.powershell = $null
                    }
                    #If runtime exceeds max, dispose the runspace
                    ElseIf ( $runspaceTimeout -ne 0 -and $runtime.totalseconds -gt $runspaceTimeout) {
                        $script:completedCount++
                        $timedOutTasks = $true

                        #add logging details and cleanup
                        $log.status = "TimedOut"
                        Write-Verbose ($log | ConvertTo-Csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1]
                        Write-Error "Runspace timed out at $($runtime.totalseconds) seconds for the object:`n$($runspace.object | out-string)"

                        #Depending on how it hangs, we could still get stuck here as dispose calls a synchronous method on the powershell instance
                        if (!$noCloseOnTimeout) { $runspace.powershell.dispose() }
                        $runspace.Runspace = $null
                        $runspace.powershell = $null
                        $completedCount++
                    }

                    #If runspace isn't null set more to true
                    ElseIf ($runspace.Runspace -ne $null ) {
                        $log = $null
                        $more = $true
                    }

                    #log the results if a log file was indicated
                    if ($logFile -and $log) {
                        ($log | ConvertTo-Csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1] | out-file $LogFile -append
                    }
                }

                #Clean out unused runspace jobs
                $temphash = $runspaces.clone()
                $temphash | Where-Object { $_.runspace -eq $Null } | ForEach-Object {
                    $Runspaces.remove($_)
                }

                #sleep for a bit if we will loop again
                if ($PSBoundParameters['Wait']) { Start-Sleep -milliseconds $SleepTimer }

                #Loop again only if -wait parameter and there are more runspaces to process
            } while ($more -and $PSBoundParameters['Wait'])

            #End of runspace function
        }
        #endregion functions

        #region Init

        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'ScriptFile') {
            $ScriptBlock = [scriptblock]::Create( $(Get-Content $ScriptFile | out-string) )
        } elseif ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'ScriptBlock') {
            #Start building parameter names for the param block
            [string[]]$ParamsToAdd = '$_'
            if ( $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Parameter') ) {
                $ParamsToAdd += '$Parameter'
            }

            $UsingVariableData = $Null

            # This code enables $Using support through the AST.
            # This is entirely from  Boe Prox, and his https://github.com/proxb/PoshRSJob module; all credit to Boe!

            if ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -gt 2) {
                #Extract using references
                $UsingVariables = $ScriptBlock.ast.FindAll( {$args[0] -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.UsingExpressionAst]}, $True)

                If ($UsingVariables) {
                    $List = New-Object 'System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.Management.Automation.Language.VariableExpressionAst]'
                    ForEach ($Ast in $UsingVariables) {
                        [void]$list.Add($Ast.SubExpression)
                    }

                    $UsingVar = $UsingVariables | Group-Object -Property SubExpression | ForEach-Object {$_.Group | Select-Object -First 1}

                    #Extract the name, value, and create replacements for each
                    $UsingVariableData = ForEach ($Var in $UsingVar) {
                        try {
                            $Value = Get-Variable -Name $Var.SubExpression.VariablePath.UserPath -ErrorAction Stop
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                Name       = $Var.SubExpression.Extent.Text
                                Value      = $Value.Value
                                NewName    = ('$__using_{0}' -f $Var.SubExpression.VariablePath.UserPath)
                                NewVarName = ('__using_{0}' -f $Var.SubExpression.VariablePath.UserPath)
                            }
                        } catch {
                            Write-Error "$($Var.SubExpression.Extent.Text) is not a valid Using: variable!"
                        }
                    }
                    $ParamsToAdd += $UsingVariableData | Select-Object -ExpandProperty NewName -Unique

                    $NewParams = $UsingVariableData.NewName -join ', '
                    $Tuple = [Tuple]::Create($list, $NewParams)
                    $bindingFlags = [Reflection.BindingFlags]"Default,NonPublic,Instance"
                    $GetWithInputHandlingForInvokeCommandImpl = ($ScriptBlock.ast.gettype().GetMethod('GetWithInputHandlingForInvokeCommandImpl', $bindingFlags))

                    $StringScriptBlock = $GetWithInputHandlingForInvokeCommandImpl.Invoke($ScriptBlock.ast, @($Tuple))

                    $ScriptBlock = [scriptblock]::Create($StringScriptBlock)

                    Write-Verbose $StringScriptBlock
                }
            }

            $ScriptBlock = $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.NewScriptBlock("param($($ParamsToAdd -Join ", "))`r`n" + $Scriptblock.ToString())
        } else {
            Throw "Must provide ScriptBlock or ScriptFile"; Break
        }

        Write-Debug "`$ScriptBlock: $($ScriptBlock | Out-String)"
        Write-Verbose "Creating runspace pool and session states"

        #If specified, add variables and modules/snapins to session state
        $sessionstate = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.InitialSessionState]::CreateDefault()
        $sessionstate.Variables.Add((New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.SessionStateVariableEntry -ArgumentList 'WarningPreference', 'SilentlyContinue', $null))
        if ($ImportVariables -and $UserVariables.count -gt 0) {
            foreach ($Variable in $UserVariables) {
                $sessionstate.Variables.Add((New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.SessionStateVariableEntry -ArgumentList $Variable.Name, $Variable.Value, $null) )
            }
        }
        if ($ImportModules) {
            if ($UserModules.count -gt 0) {
                foreach ($ModulePath in $UserModules) {
                    $sessionstate.ImportPSModule($ModulePath)
                }
            }
            if ($UserSnapins.count -gt 0) {
                foreach ($PSSnapin in $UserSnapins) {
                    [void]$sessionstate.ImportPSSnapIn($PSSnapin, [ref]$null)
                }
            }
        }
        if ($ImportFunctions -and $UserFunctions.count -gt 0) {
            foreach ($FunctionDef in $UserFunctions) {
                $sessionstate.Commands.Add((New-Object System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.SessionStateFunctionEntry -ArgumentList $FunctionDef.Name, $FunctionDef.ScriptBlock))
            }
        }

        #Create runspace pool
        $runspacepool = [runspacefactory]::CreateRunspacePool(1, $Throttle, $sessionstate, $Host)
        $runspacepool.Open()

        Write-Verbose "Creating empty collection to hold runspace jobs"
        $Script:runspaces = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList

        #If inputObject is bound get a total count and set bound to true
        $bound = $PSBoundParameters.keys -contains "InputObject"
        if (-not $bound) {
            [System.Collections.ArrayList]$allObjects = @()
        }

        #Set up log file if specified
        if ( $LogFile -and (-not (Test-Path $LogFile) -or $AppendLog -eq $false)) {
            New-Item -ItemType file -Path $logFile -Force | Out-Null
            ("" | Select-Object -Property Date, Action, Runtime, Status, Details | ConvertTo-Csv -NoTypeInformation -Delimiter ";")[0] | Out-File $LogFile
        }

        #write initial log entry
        $log = "" | Select-Object -Property Date, Action, Runtime, Status, Details
        $log.Date = Get-Date
        $log.Action = "Batch processing started"
        $log.Runtime = $null
        $log.Status = "Started"
        $log.Details = $null
        if ($logFile) {
            ($log | convertto-csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1] | Out-File $LogFile -Append
        }
        $timedOutTasks = $false
        #endregion INIT
    }
    process {
        #add piped objects to all objects or set all objects to bound input object parameter
        if ($bound) {
            $allObjects = $InputObject
        } else {
            [void]$allObjects.add( $InputObject )
        }
    }
    end {
        #Use Try/Finally to catch Ctrl+C and clean up.
        try {
            #counts for progress
            $totalCount = $allObjects.count
            $script:completedCount = 0
            $startedCount = 0
            foreach ($object in $allObjects) {
                #region add scripts to runspace pool
                #Create the powershell instance, set verbose if needed, supply the scriptblock and parameters
                $powershell = [powershell]::Create()

                if ($VerbosePreference -eq 'Continue') {
                    [void]$PowerShell.AddScript( {$VerbosePreference = 'Continue'})
                }

                [void]$PowerShell.AddScript($ScriptBlock).AddArgument($object)

                if ($parameter) {
                    [void]$PowerShell.AddArgument($parameter)
                }

                # $Using support from Boe Prox
                if ($UsingVariableData) {
                    Foreach ($UsingVariable in $UsingVariableData) {
                        Write-Verbose "Adding $($UsingVariable.Name) with value: $($UsingVariable.Value)"
                        [void]$PowerShell.AddArgument($UsingVariable.Value)
                    }
                }

                #Add the runspace into the powershell instance
                $powershell.RunspacePool = $runspacepool

                #Create a temporary collection for each runspace
                $temp = "" | Select-Object PowerShell, StartTime, object, Runspace
                $temp.PowerShell = $powershell
                $temp.StartTime = Get-Date
                $temp.object = $object

                #Save the handle output when calling BeginInvoke() that will be used later to end the runspace
                $temp.Runspace = $powershell.BeginInvoke()
                $startedCount++

                #Add the temp tracking info to $runspaces collection
                Write-Verbose ( "Adding {0} to collection at {1}" -f $temp.object, $temp.starttime.tostring() )
                $runspaces.Add($temp) | Out-Null

                #loop through existing runspaces one time
                Get-RunspaceData

                #If we have more running than max queue (used to control timeout accuracy)
                #Script scope resolves odd PowerShell 2 issue
                $firstRun = $true
                while ($runspaces.count -ge $Script:MaxQueue) {
                    #give verbose output
                    if ($firstRun) {
                        Write-Verbose "$($runspaces.count) items running - exceeded $Script:MaxQueue limit."
                    }
                    $firstRun = $false

                    #run get-runspace data and sleep for a short while
                    Get-RunspaceData
                    Start-Sleep -Milliseconds $sleepTimer
                }
                #endregion add scripts to runspace pool
            }
            Write-Verbose ( "Finish processing the remaining runspace jobs: {0}" -f ( @($runspaces | Where-Object {$_.Runspace -ne $Null}).Count) )

            Get-RunspaceData -wait
            if (-not $quiet) {
                Write-Progress -Id $ProgressId -Activity "Running Query" -Status "Starting threads" -Completed
            }
        } finally